U.S. patent application number 12/762872 was filed with the patent office on 2010-10-28 for use of propineb as bird repellent.
This patent application is currently assigned to BAYER CROPSCIENCE AG. Invention is credited to Ralf Barfknecht, Patrice DUVERT.
Application Number | 20100273874 12/762872 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 41180687 |
Filed Date | 2010-10-28 |
United States Patent
Application |
20100273874 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
DUVERT; Patrice ; et
al. |
October 28, 2010 |
USE OF PROPINEB AS BIRD REPELLENT
Abstract
The present invention relates to the novel use of Propineb as
bird repellent.
Inventors: |
DUVERT; Patrice; (Lyon,
FR) ; Barfknecht; Ralf; (Koln, DE) |
Correspondence
Address: |
Baker Donelson Bearman, Caldwell & Berkowitz, PC
920 Massachusetts Ave, NW, Suite 900
Washington
DC
20001
US
|
Assignee: |
BAYER CROPSCIENCE AG
Monheim
DE
|
Family ID: |
41180687 |
Appl. No.: |
12/762872 |
Filed: |
April 19, 2010 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
514/479 ;
556/39 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A01N 47/14 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
514/479 ;
556/39 |
International
Class: |
A01N 47/14 20060101
A01N047/14; C07C 333/14 20060101 C07C333/14; A01P 17/00 20060101
A01P017/00 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Apr 22, 2009 |
EP |
09158471.4 |
Claims
1. A bird repellent comprising Propineb.
2. A bird-repellent agrochemical composition comprising A) Propineb
B) at least one agrochemically active compound, optionally at least
one extender and/or surfactant.
3. Method of repelling a bird comprising offering Propineb to a
bird and/or a habitat thereof.
4. Method of repelling birds comprising treating plant seeds that
could be consumed by birds with Propineb.
5. Method according to claim 4, wherein the plant seeds are derived
from a transgenic plant.
Description
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
[0001] This application claims priority to European application no.
09158471.4, filed Apr. 22, 2009, the content of which is
incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] 1. Field of the Invention
[0003] The present invention relates to the novel use of Propineb
as bird repellent.
[0004] 2. Description of Related Art
[0005] To avoid, after application, plant treatment agents present
in solid form or seeds, undressed or dressed with agrochemically
active compounds, being eaten by birds, it is frequently necessary
to use substances having bird-repellent properties. Anthraquinone
is known as a substance having such a bird repellent action (cf.
Farm Chemicals Handbook '99, C27), but Anthraquinone is not
registered anymore in Europe (therefore, not anymore a product
available for cereals). However, it is disadvantageous that the
activity of this substance at low application rates is not always
sufficient. Furthermore, dithiocarbamates like Thiram and Ziram are
also know as bird repellents (cf. The Pesticide Manual, 11.sup.th
Edition 1997, pages 1277-1279, J. Forestry 1962, 60, 37-39, and FAO
Plant Protection Bull. 1960, 8, 38-42).
[0006] Furthermore, it is known that Propineb has fungicidal
properties and can be used for controlling various plant diseases
(cf. The Pesticide Manual, 11.sup.th Edition 1997, pages 1032-1034
and GB Patent 935,981). Propineb is a bis-dithiocarbamate and thus
has some similarities with dithiocarbamates (e.g. both classes are
multi-site fungicides). But there are also differences in their
fungicide spectrum. The bis-dithiocarbamates are generally superior
against downy mildew, late blight diseases whereas dithiocarbamates
are superior against ascomycetes diseases. Also, Thiram is
recognized as a good anti-Pythium control. Bis-dithiocarbamates are
generally weaker against this pathogen.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0007] Surprisingly, it has now been found that Propineb of the
formula (I)
##STR00001##
is highly suitable for use as bird repellent.
[0008] It is extremely surprising that Propineb can be used for
protecting seeds or plant treatment agents against bird feeding,
since such properties have hitherto been unknown of this
substance.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
[0009] Propineb which can be used according to the invention can be
employed as such or in the form of customary formulations, such as
solutions, emulsions, suspensions, powders, pastes, etc.
Application is then carried out by customary methods. Thus, for
example, it is possible to dress seeds with preparations comprising
the active compounds of the formula (I), if appropriate in a
mixture with other agrochemically active compounds and customary
additives. A further type of application comprises mixing
substances which can be used according to the invention either as
such or in formulated form with other agrochemically active
compounds and with customary formulation auxiliaries and preparing
solid plant treatment agents, such as granules or baits, from these
preparations.
[0010] Accordingly, the present invention also relates to
bird-repellent agrochemical compositions comprising
A) Propineb
[0011] B) at least one agrochemically active compound, in addition
to extenders and/or surfactants.
[0012] In the present context, agrochemically active compounds are
to be understood as meaning all substances which are customarily
used for treating plants. Fungicides, bactericides, insecticides,
acaricides, nematicides, molluscicides, safeners, plant growth
regulators and plant nutrients may be mentioned as being
preferred.
[0013] Examples of fungicides which may be mentioned are:
(1) Inhibitors of the nucleic acid synthesis, for example
benalaxyl, benalaxyl-M, bupirimate, clozylacon, dimethirimol,
ethirimol, furalaxyl, hymexazol, metalaxyl, metalaxyl-M, ofurace,
oxadixyl and oxolinic acid. (2) Inhibitors of the mitosis and cell
division, for example benomyl, carbendazim, chlorfenazole,
diethofencarb, ethaboxam, fuberidazole, pencycuron, thiabendazole,
thiophanate, thiophanate-methyl and zoxamide. (3) Inhibitors of the
respiration, for example diflumetorim as CI-respiration inhibitor;
bixafen, boscalid, carboxin, fenfuram, flutolanil, fluopyram,
furametpyr, furmecyclox, isopyrazam (9R-component), isopyrazam
(9S-component), mepronil, oxycarboxin, penthiopyrad, thifluzamide
as CII-respiration inhibitor; amisulbrom, azoxystrobin, cyazofamid,
dimoxystrobin, enestroburin, famoxadone, fenamidone, fluoxastrobin,
kresoxim-methyl, metominostrobin, orysastrobin, picoxystrobin,
pyraclostrobin, pyribencarb, trifloxystrobin as CIII-respiration
inhibitor. (4) Compounds capable to act as an uncoupler, like for
example binapacryl, dinocap, fluazinam and meptyldinocap. (5)
Inhibitors of ATP production, for example fentin acetate, fentin
chloride, fentin hydroxide, and silthiofam. (6) Inhibitors of the
amino acid and/or protein biosynthesis, for example andoprim,
blasticidin-S, cyprodinil, kasugamycin, kasugamycin hydrochloride
hydrate, mepanipyrim and pyrimethanil. (7) Inhibitors of the signal
transduction, for example fenpiclonil, fludioxonil and quinoxyfen.
(8) Inhibitors of the lipid and membrane synthesis, for example
biphenyl, chlozolinate, edifenphos, etridiazole, iodocarb,
iprobenfos, iprodione, isoprothiolane, procymidone, propamocarb,
propamocarb hydrochloride, pyrazophos, tolclofos-methyl and
vinclozolin. (9) Inhibitors of the ergosterol biosynthesis, for
example aldimorph, azaconazole, bitertanol, bromuconazole,
cyproconazole, diclobutrazole, difenoconazole, diniconazole,
diniconazole-M, dodemorph, dodemorph acetate, epoxiconazole,
etaconazole, fenarimol, fenbuconazole, fenhexamid, fenpropidin,
fenpropimorph, fluquinconazole, flurprimidol, flusilazole,
flutriafol, furconazole, furconazole-cis, hexaconazole, imazalil,
imazalil sulfate, imibenconazole, ipconazole, metconazole,
myclobutanil, naftifine, nuarimol, oxpoconazole, paclobutrazol,
pefurazoate, penconazole, piperalin, prochloraz, propiconazole,
prothioconazole, pyributicarb, pyrifenox, quinconazole,
simeconazole, spiroxamine, tebuconazole, terbinafine,
tetraconazole, triadimefon, triadimenol, tridemorph, triflumizole,
triforine, triticonazole, uniconazole, viniconazole and
voriconazole. (10) Inhibitors of the cell wall synthesis, for
example benthiavalicarb, dimethomorph, flumorph, iprovalicarb,
mandipropamid, polyoxins, polyoxorim, prothiocarb, validamycin A,
and valiphenal. (11) Inhibitors of the melanine biosynthesis, for
example carpropamid, diclocymet, fenoxanil, phthalide, pyroquilon
and tricyclazole. (12) Compounds capable to induce a host defence,
like for example acibenzolar-S-methyl, probenazole, and tiadinil.
(13) Compounds capable to have a multisite action, like for example
bordeaux mixture, captafol, captan, chlorothalonil, copper
naphthenate, copper oxide, copper oxychloride, copper preparations
such as copper hydroxide, copper sulphate, dichlofluanid,
dithianon, dodine, dodine free base, ferbam, fluorofolpet, folpet,
guazatine, guazatine acetate, iminoctadine, iminoctadine
albesilate, iminoctadine triacetate, mancopper, mancozeb, maneb,
metiram, metiram zinc, oxine-copper, propamidine, sulphur and
sulphur preparations including calcium polysulphide, thiram,
tolylfluanid, zineb and ziram. (14) Further compounds like for
example 2,3-dibutyl-6-chlorothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-one, ethyl
(2Z)-3-amino-2-cyano-3-phenylprop-2-enoate,
N-[2-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)phenyl]-5-fluoro-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbo-
xamide,
N-{2-[1,1'-bi(cyclopropyl)-2-yl]phenyl}-3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methy-
l-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide,
3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-N-(3',4',5'-trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1H-pyrazo-
le-4-carboxamide,
3-(difluoromethyl)-N-[4-fluoro-2-(1,1,2,3,3,3-hexafluoropropoxy)phenyl]-1-
-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide,
(2E)-2-(2-{[6-(3-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)-5-fluoropyrimidin-4-yl]oxy}pheny-
l)-2-(methoxyimino)-N-methylethanamide,
(2E)-2-{2-[({[(2E,3E)-4-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)but-3-en-2-ylidene]amino}oxy)-
methyl]phenyl}-2-(methoxyimino)-N-methylethanamide,
2-chloro-N-(1,1,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-4-yl)pyridine-3-carboxam-
ide,
N-(3-ethyl-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexyl)-3-(formylamino)-2-hydroxybenzam-
ide,
5-methoxy-2-methyl-4-(2-{[({(1E)-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethylid-
ene}amino)oxy]methyl}phenyl)-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazol-3-one,
(2E)-2-(methoxyimino)-N-methyl-2-(2-{[({(1E)-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl-
]ethylidene}amino)oxy]-methyl}phenyl)ethanamide,
(2E)-2-(methoxyimino)-N-methyl-2-{2-[(E)-({1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]e-
thoxy}imino)methyl]phenyl}ethanamide,
(2E)-2-{2-[({[(1E)-1-(3-{[(E)-1-fluoro-2-phenylethenyl]oxy}phenyl)-ethyli-
dene]amino}oxy)methyl]phenyl}-2-(methoxyimino)-N-methylethanamide,
1-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)cycloheptanol, methyl
1-(2,2-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-yl)-1H-imidazole-5-carboxylate,
N-ethyl-N-methyl-N'-{2-methyl-5-(trifluoromethyl)-4-[3-(trimethylsilyl)pr-
opoxy]phenyl}imidoformamide,
N'-{5-(difluoromethyl)-2-methyl-4-[3-(trimethylsilyl)propoxy]phenyl}-N-et-
hyl-N-methylimidoformamide, Sedaxane,
O-{1-[(4-methoxyphenoxy)methyl]-2,2-dimethylpropyl}
1H-imidazole-1-carbothioate,
N-[2-(4-{[3-(4-chlorophenyl)prop-2-yn-1-yl]oxy}-3-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-N.-
sup.2-(methylsulfonyl)valinamide,
5-chloro-7-(4-methylpiperidin-1-yl)-6-(2,4,6-trifluorophenyl)[1,2,4]triaz-
olo[1,5-a]pyrimidine, 5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-thiol,
propamocarb-fosetyl,
1-[(4-methoxyphenoxy)methyl]-2,2-dimethylpropyl
1H-imidazole-1-carboxylate,
1-methyl-N-[2-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)phenyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-p-
yrazole-4-carboxamide,
2,3,5,6-tetrachloro-4-(methylsulfonyl)pyridine,
2-butoxy-6-iodo-3-propyl-4H-chromen-4-one, 2-phenylphenol and
salts,
3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-N-[2-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)phenyl]-1H-py-
razole-4-carboxamide, 3,4,5-trichloropyridine-2,6-dicarbonitrile,
3-[5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,3-dimethylisoxazolidin-3-yl]pyridine,
3-chloro-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-6-methylpyridazine,
4-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-3,6-dimethylpyridazine,
quinolin-8-ol, quinolin-8-ol sulfate (2:1) (salt),
5-methyl-6-octyl-3,7-dihydro[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7-amine,
5-ethyl-6-octyl-3,7-dihydro[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7-amine,
benthiazole, bethoxazin, capsimycin, carvone, chinomethionat,
chloroneb, cufraneb, cyflufenamid, cymoxanil, cyprosulfamide,
dazomet, debacarb, dichlorophen, diclomezine, dicloran,
difenzoquat, difenzoquat methylsulphate, diphenylamine, ecomate,
ferimzone, flumetover, fluopicolide, fluoroimide, flusulfamide,
flutianil, fosetyl-aluminium, fosetyl-calcium, fosetyl-sodium,
hexachlorobenzene, irumamycin, isotianil, methasulfocarb, methyl
(2E)-2-{2-[({cyclopropyl[4-methoxyphenyl)imino]methyl}thio)methyl]phenyl}-
-3-methoxyacrylate, methyl isothiocyanate, metrafenone,
(5-bromo-2-methoxy-4-methylpyridin-3-yl)(2,3,4-trimethoxy-6-methylphenyl)-
methanone, mildiomycin, tolnifanide,
N-(4-chlorobenzyl)-3-[3-methoxy-4-(prop-2-yn-1-yloxy)phenyl]propanamide,
N-[(4-chlorophenyl)(cyano)methyl]-3-[3-methoxy-4-(prop-2-yn-1-yloxy)pheny-
l]-propanamide,
N-[(5-bromo-3-chloropyridin-2-yl)methyl]-2,4-dichloropyridine-3-carboxami-
de,
N-[1-(5-bromo-3-chloropyridin-2-yl)ethyl]-2,4-dichloropyridine-3-carbo-
xamide,
N-[1-(5-bromo-3-chloropyridin-2-yl)-ethyl]-2-fluoro-4-iodopyridine-
-3-carboxamide,
N-{(Z)-[(cyclopropylmethoxy)imino][6-(difluoromethoxy)-2,3-difluorophenyl-
]methyl}-2-phenylacetamide,
N-{(E)-[(cyclopropylmethoxy)imino][6-(difluoromethoxy)-2,3-difluorophenyl-
]methyl}-2-phenylacetamide, natamycin, nickel
dimethyldithiocarbamate, nitrothal-isopropyl, octhilinone,
oxamocarb, oxyfenthiin, pentachlorophenol and salts,
phenazine-1-carboxylic acid, phenothrin, phosphorous acid and its
salts, propamocarb fosetylate, propanosine-sodium, proquinazid,
pyrrolnitrine, quintozene, S-prop-2-en-1-yl
5-amino-2-(1-methylethyl)-4-(2-methylphenyl)-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-
e-1-carbothioate, tecloftalam, tecnazene, triazoxide, trichlamide,
5-chloro-N'-phenyl-N'-prop-2-yn-1-ylthiophene-2-sulfonohydrazide
and zarilamid.
[0014] Examples of bactericides which may be mentioned are:
bronopol, dichlorophen, nitrapyrin, nickel dimethyldithiocarbamate,
kasugamycin, octhilinone, furancarboxylic acid, oxytetracycline,
probenazole, streptomycin, tecloftalam, copper sulphate and other
copper preparations.
[0015] Examples of insecticides, acaricides and nematicides which
may be mentioned are:
(1) Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors, for example carbamates,
e.g. alanycarb, aldicarb, aldoxycarb, allyxycarb, aminocarb,
bendiocarb, benfuracarb, bufencarb, butacarb, butocarboxim,
butoxycarboxim, carbaryl, carbofuran, carbosulfan, cloethocarb,
dimetilan, ethiofencarb, fenobucarb, fenothiocarb, formetanate,
furathiocarb, isoprocarb, metam-sodium, methiocarb, methomyl,
metolcarb, oxamyl, pirimicarb, promecarb, propoxur, thiodicarb,
thiofanox, trimethacarb, XMC, and xylylcarb; or organophosphates,
e.g. acephate, azamethiphos, azinphos (-methyl, -ethyl),
bromophos-ethyl, bromfenvinfos (-methyl), butathiofos, cadusafos,
carbophenothion, chlorethoxyfos, chlorfenvinphos, chlormephos,
chlorpyrifos (-methyl/-ethyl), coumaphos, cyanofenphos, cyanophos,
chlorfenvinphos, demeton-S-methyl, demeton-S-methylsulphon,
dialifos, diazinon, dichlofenthion, dichlorvos/DDVP, dicrotophos,
dimethoate, dimethylvinphos, dioxabenzofos, disulfoton, EPN,
ethion, ethoprophos, etrimfos, famphur, fenamiphos, fenitrothion,
fensulfothion, fenthion, flupyrazofos, fonofos, formothion,
fosmethilan, fosthiazate, heptenophos, iodofenphos, iprobenfos,
isazofos, isofenphos, isopropyl, O-salicylate, isoxathion,
malathion, mecarbam, methacrifos, methamidophos, methidathion,
mevinphos, monocrotophos, naled, omethoate, oxydemeton-methyl,
parathion (-methyl/-ethyl), phenthoate, phorate, phosalone,
phosmet, phosphamidon, phosphocarb, phoxim, pirimiphos
(-methyl/-ethyl), profenofos, propaphos, propetamphos, prothiofos,
prothoate, pyraclofos, pyridaphenthion, pyridathion, quinalphos,
sebufos, sulfotep, sulprofos, tebupirimfos, temephos, terbufos,
tetrachlovinphos, thiometon, triazophos, triclorfon, vamidothion,
and imicyafos. (2) GABA-gated chloride channel antagonists, for
example organochlorines, e.g. camphechlor, chlordane, endosulfan,
gamma-HCH, HCH, heptachlor, lindane, and methoxychlor; or fiproles
(phenylpyrazoles), e.g. acetoprole, ethiprole, fipronil,
pyrafluprole, pyriprole, and vaniliprole. (3) Sodium channel
modulators/voltage-dependent sodium channel blockers, for example
pyrethroids, e.g. acrinathrin, allethrin (d-cis-trans, d-trans),
beta-cyfluthrin, bifenthrin, bioallethrin, bioallethrin
S-cyclopentyl isomer, bioethanomethrin, biopermethrin,
bioresmethrin, chlovaporthrin, cis-cypermethrin, cis-resmethrin,
cis-permethrin, clocythrin, cycloprothrin, cyfluthrin, cyhalothrin,
cypermethrin (alpha-, beta-, theta-, zeta-), cyphenothrin,
deltamethrin, empenthrin (1R isomer), esfenvalerate, etofenprox,
fenfluthrin, fenpropathrin, fenpyrithrin, fenvalerate,
flubrocythrinate, flucythrinate, flufenprox, flumethrin,
fluvalinate, fubfenprox, gamma-cyhalothrin, imiprothrin, kadethrin,
lambda-cyhalothrin, metofluthrin, permethrin (cis-, trans-),
phenothrin (1R trans isomer), prallethrin, profluthrin,
protrifenbute, pyresmethrin, resmethrin, RU 15525, silafluofen,
tau-fluvalinate, tefluthrin, terallethrin, tetramethrin
(-1R-isomer), tralomethrin, transfluthrin, ZXI 8901, pyrethrin
(pyrethrum), eflusilanat; DDT; or methoxychlor. (4) Nicotinergic
acetylcholine receptor agonists/antagonists, for example
chloronicotinyls, e.g. acetamiprid, clothianidin, dinotefuran,
imidacloprid, imidaclothiz, nitenpyram, nithiazine, thiacloprid,
thiamethoxam, AKD-1022; or nicotine, bensultap, cartap,
thiosultap-sodium, and thiocylam. (5) Allosteric acetylcholine
receptor modulators (agonists), for example spinosyns, e.g.
spinosad and spinetoram. (6) Chloride channel activators, for
example mectins/macrolides, e.g. abamectin, emamectin, emamectin
benzoate, ivermectin, lepimectin, and milbemectin; or juvenile
hormone analogues, e.g. hydroprene, kinoprene, methoprene,
epofenonane, triprene, fenoxycarb, pyriproxifen, and diofenolan.
(7) Active ingredients with unknown or non-specific mechanisms of
action, for example gassing agents, e.g. methyl bromide,
chloropicrin and sulfuryl fluoride; selective antifeedants, e.g.
cryolite, pymetrozine, pyrifluquinazon and flonicamid; or mite
growth inhibitors, e.g. clofentezine, hexythiazox, etoxazole. (8)
Oxidative phosphorylation inhibitors, ATP disruptors, for example
diafenthiuron; organotin compounds, e.g. azocyclotin, cyhexatin and
fenbutatin oxide; or propargite, tetradifon. (9) Oxidative
phoshorylation decouplers acting by interrupting the H proton
gradient, for example chlorfenapyr, binapacryl, dinobuton, dinocap
and DNOC. (10) Microbial disruptors of the insect gut membrane, for
example Bacillus thuringiensis strains. (11) Chitin biosynthesis
inhibitors, for example benzoylureas, e.g. bistrifluron,
chlorfluazuron, diflubenzuron, fluazuron, flucycloxuron,
flufenoxuron, hexaflumuron, lufenuron, novaluron, noviflumuron,
penfluron, teflubenzuron or triflumuron.
(12) Buprofezin.
[0016] (13) Moulting disruptors, for example cyromazine. (14)
Ecdysone agonists/disruptors, for example diacylhydrazines, e.g.
chromafenozide, halofenozide, methoxyfenozide, tebufenozide, and
Fufenozide (JS118); or azadirachtin. (15) Octopaminergic agonists,
for example amitraz. (16) Site III electron transport
inhibitors/site II electron transport inhibitors, for example
hydramethylnon; acequinocyl; fluacrypyrim, or cyflumetofen and
cyenopyrafen. (17) Electron transport inhibitors, for example Site
I electron transport inhibitors, from the group of the METI
acaricides, e.g. fenazaquin, fenpyroximate, pyrimidifen, pyridaben,
tebufenpyrad, tolfenpyrad, and rotenone; or voltage-dependent
sodium channel blockers, e.g. indoxacarb and metaflumizone. (18)
Fatty acid biosynthesis inhibitors, for example tetronic acid
derivatives, e.g. spirodiclofen and spiromesifen; or tetramic acid
derivatives. e.g. spirotetramat. (19) Neuronal inhibitors with
unknown mechanism of action, e.g. bifenazate. (20) Ryanodine
receptor effectors, for example diamides, e.g. flubendiamide,
(R),(S)-3-chloro-N.sup.1-{2-methyl-4-[1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoromet-
hyl)ethyl]phenyl}-N.sup.2-(1-methyl-2-methylsulphonyl-ethyl)phthalamide,
chlorantraniliprole (Rynaxypyr), or Cyantraniliprole (Cyazypyr).
(21) Further active ingredients with unknown mechanism of action,
for example amidoflumet, benclothiaz, benzoximate, bromopropylate,
buprofezin, chinomethionat, chlordimeform, chlorobenzilate,
clothiazoben, cycloprene, dicofol, dicyclanil, fenoxacrim,
fentrifanil, flubenzimine, flufenerim, flutenzin, gossyplure,
japoni-lure, metoxadiazone, petroleum, potassium oleate, pyridalyl,
sulfluramid, tetrasul, triarathene or verbutine; or one of the
following known active compounds
4-{[(6-bromopyrid-3-yl)methyl](2-fluoroethyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-one,
4-{[(6-fluoropyrid-3-yl)methyl](2,2-difluoroethyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-one,
4-{[(2-chloro-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)methyl](2-fluoroethyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-on-
e,
4-{[(6-chloropyrid-3-yl)methyl](2-fluoroethyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-one,
4-{[(6-chloropyrid-3-yl)methyl](2,2-difluoroethyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-one
(all known from WO 2007/115644),
4-{[(5,6-dichloropyrid-3-yl)methyl](2-fluoroethyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-one
(known from WO 2007/115646),
4-{[(6-chloro-5-fluoropyrid-3-yl)methyl](methyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-one,
4-{[(6-chloro-5-fluoropyrid-3-yl)methyl](cyclopropyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-on-
e (both from WO 2007/115643),
4-{[(6-chloropyrid-3-yl)methyl](cyclopropyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-one,
4-{[(6-chloropyrid-3-yl)methyl](methyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-one (both
from EP-A-0 539 588),
[(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl]methyl)oxido-.lamda..sup.4-sulfanylidene
cyanamide,
[1-(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)ethyl](methyl)oxido-.lamda..sup.4-sulfanylidene
cyanamide (both from WO 2007/149134) and its diastereomeres (A) and
(B)
##STR00002##
(also known from WO 2007/149134),
[(6-trifluoromethylpyridin-3-yl)methyl](methyl)oxido-.lamda..sup.4-sulfan-
ylidene cyanamide (known from WO 2007/095229), or
[1-(6-trifluoromethylpyridin-3-yl)ethyl](methyl)-oxido-.lamda..sup.4-sulf-
anylidene cyanamide (known from WO 2007/149134) and its
diastereomeres (C) and (D), namely Sulfoxaflor (also known from WO
2007/149134)
##STR00003##
[0017] Examples of molluscicides which may be mentioned are
metaldehyde and methiocarb.
[0018] Examples of safeners which may be mentioned are:
(1) Heterocyclic carboxylic acid derivates, for example
dichlorophenylpyrazolin-3-carboxylic acid derivatives, e.g.
1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-(ethoxycarbonyl)-5-methyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-
e-3-carboxylic acid, diethyl
1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-5-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3,5-dicarboxylate
("mefenpyr-diethyl"), and similar compounds known from WO 91/07874;
for example dichlorophenylpyrazolecarboxylic acid derivatives, e.g.
ethyl 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate,
ethyl 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-isopropyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate,
ethyl 5-tert-butyl-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate
and similar compounds known from EP-A 0 333 131 and EP-A 0 269 806;
for example 1,5-diphenylpyrazole-3-carboxylic acid derivatives,
e.g. ethyl
1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-phenyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate, methyl
1-(2-chlorophenyl)-5-phenyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate, and similar
compounds known from EP-A 0 268 554; for example triazolecarboxylic
acid derivatives, e.g. fenchlorazole, fenchlorazole-ethyl, and
similar compounds known from EP-A 0 174 562 and EP-A 0 346 620; for
example 2-isoxazoline-3-carboxylic acid derivatives, e.g. ethyl
5-(2,4-dichlorobenzyl)-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazole-3-carboxylate, ethyl
5-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazole-3-carboxylate and similar
compounds known from WO 91/08202, or
5,5-diphenyl-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazole-3-carboxylic acid, ethyl
5,5-diphenyl-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazole-3-carboxylate
("isoxadifen-ethyl"), propyl
5,5-diphenyl-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazole-3-carboxylate, ethyl
5-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazole-3-carboxylate
known from WO 95/07897. (2) Derivatives of 8-quinolinol, for
example derivatives of (quinolin-8-yloxy)acetic acid, e.g.
heptan-2-yl [(5-chloroquinolin-8-yl)oxy]acetate
("cloquintocet-mexyl"),
4-methylpentan-2-yl[(5-chloroquinolin-8-yl)-oxy]acetate,4-(allyloxy)butyl-
[(5-chloroquinolin-8-yl)oxy]acetate,
1-(allyloxy)propan-2-yl[(5-chloroquinolin-8-yl)oxy]acetate,
ethyl[(5-chloroquinolin-8-yl)oxy]acetate,
methyl[(5-chloroquinolin-8-yl)oxy]acetate, allyl
[(5-chloroquinolin-8-yl)oxy]acetate,
2-{[propylideneamino]oxy}ethyl[(5-chloroquinolin-8-yl)oxy]acetate,
2-oxopropyl[(5-chloroquinolin-8-yl)oxy]acetate, and similar
compounds known from EP-A 0 086 750, EP-A 0 094 349, EP-A 0 191 736
or EP-A 0 492 366, as well as [(5-chloroquinolin-8-yl)oxy]acetic
acid, its hydrates and salts, e.g. the lithium, sodium, potassium,
calcium, magnesium, aluminum, iron, ammonium, quartanary ammonium,
sulfonium or phosphonium salts as known from WO 02/34048; for
example derivatives of [(5-chloroquinolin-8-yl)oxy]malonic acid,
e.g diethyl[(5-chloroquinolin-8-yl)oxy]malonate,
diallyl[(5-chloroquinolin-8-yl)oxy]malonate, ethyl
methyl[(5-chloroquinolin-8-yl)oxy]malonate, and similar compounds
known from EP-A 0 582 198. (3) Dichloroacetamides, which are often
used as pre-emergence safeners (soil active safeners), e.g.
"dichlorimid" (N,N-diallyl-2,2-dichloroacetamide), "R-29148" (3
dichloroacetyl-2,2,5-trimethyl-1,3-oxazolidine) and "R-28725"
(3-dichloroacetyl-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-oxazolidine) both of the company
Stauffer, "benoxacor"
(4-dichloroacetyl-3,4-dihydro-3-methyl-2H-1,4-benzoxazine),
"PPG-1292"
(N-allyl-N-[(1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)-methyl]-dichloroacetamide) of PPG
Industries, "DKA-24"
(N-allyl-N-[(allylaminocarbonyl)methyl]-dichloroacetamide) of
Sagro-Chem, "AD-67" or "MON 4660"
(3-dichloroacetyl-1-oxa-3-aza-spiro[4,5]decane) of Nitrokemia and
Monsanto, "TI-35" (1-dichloroacetyl-azepane) of TRI-Chemical RT,
"diclonon" (dicyclonon) or "BAS145138" or "LAB145138"
(3-dichloroacetyl-2,5,5-trimethyl-1,3-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]nonane) of
BASF, "Furilazol" or "MON 13900"
[(RS)-3-dichloroacetyl-5-(2-furyl)-2,2-dimethyloxazolidine], as
well as there (R)-isomer. (4) Acylsulfonamides, for example
N-acylsulfonamide of the formula (II)
##STR00004##
or its salts (known from WO 97/45016), wherein [0019] R.sup.1
represents (C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkyl, which is unsubstituted or mono-
to trisubstituted by substituents selected from the group
consisting of halogen, (C.sub.1-C.sub.4)alkoxy,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.6)haloalkoxy and (C.sub.1-C.sub.4)alkylthio; [0020]
R.sup.2 represents halogen, (C.sub.1-C.sub.4)alkyl,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.4)alkoxy, CF.sub.3; [0021] m is 1 or 2; or for
example 4-(benzoylsulfamoyl)benzamides of the formula (III)
##STR00005##
[0021] or its salts (known from WO 99/16744), wherein R.sup.3,
R.sup.4 independently of one another represent hydrogen,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkyl, (C.sub.3-C.sub.6)alkenyl,
(C.sub.3-C.sub.6)alkynyl, (C.sub.3-C.sub.6)cycloalkyl, [0022]
R.sup.5 represents halogen, (C.sub.1-C.sub.4)alkyl,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.4)haloalkyl or (C.sub.1-C.sub.4)alkoxy [0023] n is 1
or 2, in particular compounds of formula (III), wherein [0024]
R.sup.3=cyclopropyl, R.sup.4=hydrogen and R.sup.5.sub.n=2-OMe,
("cyprosulfamide"). [0025] R.sup.3=cyclopropyl, R.sup.4=hydrogen
and R.sup.5.sub.n=5-Cl-2-OMe, [0026] R.sup.3=ethyl,
R.sup.4=hydrogen and R.sup.5.sub.n=2-OMe, [0027] R.sup.3=isopropyl,
R.sup.4=hydrogen and R.sup.5.sub.n=5-Cl2-OMe, [0028]
R.sup.3=isopropyl, R.sup.4=hydrogen and R.sup.5.sub.n=2-OMe, or for
example benzoylsulfamoylphenylureas of the formula (IV)
##STR00006##
[0028] (known from EP-A 0 365 484), wherein [0029] R.sup.6, R.sup.7
independently of one another represent hydrogen,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.8)alkyl, (C.sub.3-C.sub.6)alkenyl,
(C.sub.3-C.sub.6)alkynyl, [0030] R.sup.8 represents halogen,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.4)alkyl, (C.sub.1-C.sub.4)alkoxy, CF.sub.3 [0031] r
is 1 or 2; in particular [0032]
1-[4-(N-2-methoxybenzoylsulfamoyl)phenyl]-3-methyl urea, [0033]
1-[4-(N-2-methoxybenzoylsulfamoyl)phenyl]-3,3-dimethyl urea, [0034]
1-[4-(N-4,5-dimethylbenzoylsulfamoyl)phenyl]-3-methyl urea. (5)
Hydroxyaromatic compounds and aromatic-aliphatic carboxylic acid
derivatives, e.g. ethyl 3,4,5-triacetoxybenzoate,
4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzoic acid, 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid,
2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, 4-fluoro-2-hydroxybenzoic acid,
2-hydroxycinnamic acid, 2,4-dichlorocinnamic acid (cf. WO
2004/084631, WO 2005/015994, WO 2005/016001). (6)
1,2-Dihydrochinoxalin-2-ones, e.g.
1-methyl-3-(2-thienyl)-1,2-dihydrochinoxalin-2-one,
1-methyl-3-(2-thienyl)-1,2-dihydrochinoxalin-2-thione,
1-(2-aminoethyl)-3-(2-thienyl)-1,2-dihydrochinoxalin-2-one
hydrochlorid,
1-(2-methylsulfonylaminoethyl)-3-(2-thienyl)-1,2-dihydrochinoxalin-2-one
(cf. WO 2005/112630). (7) Diphenylmethoxyacetic acid derivatives,
e.g. methyl (diphenylmethoxy)acetate (CAS-Reg. No. 41858-19-9),
ethyl (diphenylmethoxy)acetate or (diphenylmethoxy)acetic acid (cf.
WO 98/38856). (8) Compounds of formula (V)
##STR00007##
[0034] or its salts (known from WO 98/27049, wherein [0035] R.sup.9
represents halogen, (C.sub.1-C.sub.4)alkyl,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.4)haloalkyl, (C.sub.1-C.sub.4)alkoxy,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.4)haloalkoxy, [0036] R.sup.10 represents hydrogen or
(C.sub.1-C.sub.4)alkyl, [0037] R.sup.10 represents hydrogen, in
each case unsubstituted or mono- to trisubstituted
(C.sub.1-C.sub.8)alkyl, (C.sub.2-C.sub.4)alkenyl,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.4)alkynyl, or aryl, where the substituents are
selected from the group consisting of halogen and
(C.sub.1-C.sub.8)alkoxy, s is 0, 1 or 2. (9)
3-(5-Tetrazolylcarbonyl)-2-chinolones,
1,2-dihydro-4-hydroxy-1-ethyl-3-(5-tetrazolylcarbonyl)-2-chinolone
(CAS-Reg. No. 219479-18-2),
1,2-dihydro-4-hydroxy-1-methyl-3-(5-tetrazolyl-carbonyl)-2-chinolone
(CAS-Reg. No. 95855-00-8) (cf. WO 99/00020). (10) Compounds of the
formulae (VI-a) and (VI-b)
##STR00008##
[0037] (known from WO 2007/023719 and WO 2007/023764), wherein
[0038] R.sup.12 represents halogen, (C.sub.1-C.sub.4)alkyl,
methoxy, nitro, cyano, CF.sub.3, OCF.sub.3, [0039] Y, Z
independently re-present O or S, [0040] t is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4,
[0041] R.sup.13 represents (C.sub.1-C.sub.16)alkyl,
(C.sub.2-C.sub.6)alkenyl, aryl, benzyl, halogenobenzyl, [0042]
R.sup.14 represents hydrogen or (C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkyl. (11)
Oxyimino compounds, known as seed treatment agents, e.g.
"oxabetrinil"
[(Z)-1,3-dioxolan-2-ylmethoxyimino(phenyl)acetonitril],
"fluxofenim"
[1-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trifluoro-1-ethanone-O-(1,3-dioxolan-2-ylmethyl-
)-oxime], and "cyometrinil" or "CGA-43089"
[(Z)-cyanomethoxyimino(phenyl)acetonitril], all known as seed
treatment safener for sorghum against damage by metolachlor. (12)
Isothiochromanones, e.g.
methyl[(3-oxo-1H-2-benzothiopyran-4(3H)-ylidene)methoxy]acetate
(CAS-Reg. No. 205121-04-6) and similar compounds known from WO
98/13361. (13) Compounds from the group consisting of "naphthalic
anhydrid" (1,8-naphthalinedicarboxylic acid anhydride), which is
known as seed treatment safener for corn (maize) against damage by
thiocarbamate herbicides, "fenclorim"
(4,6-dichloro-2-phenylpyrimidine), which is known as seed treatment
safener in sown rice against damage by pretilachlor, "flurazole"
(benzyl-2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-1,3-thiazol-5-carboxylate),
which is known as seed treatment safener for sorghum against damage
by alachlor and metolachlor, "CL 304415" (CAS-Reg. No. 31541-57-8),
(4-carboxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran-4-acetic acid) of American
Cyanamid, which is known as safener for corn (maize) against damage
by imidazolinones, "MG 191" (CAS-Reg. No. 96420-72-3)
(2-dichloromethyl-2-methyl-1,3-dioxolane) of Nitrokemia, known as
safener for corn (maize), "MG-838" (CAS-Reg. No. 133993-74-5),
(2-propenyl 1-oxa-4-azaspiro[4.5]decane-4-carbodithioate) of
Nitrokemia. "Disulfoton" (O,O-diethyl-S-2-ethylthioethyl
phosphorodithioate), "dietholate"
(O,O-diethyl-O-phenylphosphorothioate), "mephenate"
(4-chlorophenyl-methylcarbamate). (14) Compounds, which besides
herbicidal activity also exhibit Safener activity in crops like
rice, e.g. "Dimepiperate" or
"MY-93"(S-1-methyl-1-phenylethyl-piperidin-1-carbothioate), which
is known as safener for rice against damage by molinate, "daimuron"
or "SK 23" [1-(1-methyl-1-phenylethyl)-3-p-tolyl-urea], which is
known as safener for rice against damage by imazosulfuron,
"cumyluron"="JC-940"
[3-(2-chlorophenylmethyl)-1-(1-methyl-1-phenyl-ethyl)urea] (cf.
JP-A 60-087254), which is known as safener for rice against damage
by some herbicides, "methoxyphenon" or "NK 049"
(3,3'-dimethyl-4-methoxy-benzophenone), which is known as safener
for rice against damage by some herbicides, "CSB"
[1-bromo-4-(chloromethylsulfonyl)benzene] of Kumiai (CAS-Reg. No.
54091-06-4), which is known as safener for rice against damage by
some herbicides. (15) Compounds, which are mainly used as
herbicides, but which exhibit also safener activity on some crops,
e.g. (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid (2,4-D),
(4-chlorophenoxy)acetic acid, (R,S)-2-(4-chlor-o-tolyloxy)propionic
acid (mecoprop), 4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)butyric acid (2,4-DB),
(4-chloro-o-tolyloxy)acetic acid (MCPA),
4-(4-chloro-o-tolyloxy)butyric acid, 4-(4-chlorophenoxy)butyric
acid, 3,6-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid (dicamba),
1-(ethoxycarbonyl)ethyl-3,6-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoate
(lactidichlor-ethyl).
[0043] Examples of plant growth regulators which may be mentioned
are chlorocholine chloride and ethephon.
[0044] Examples of plant nutrients which may be mentioned are
customary inorganic or organic fertilizers for supplying plants
with macro- and/or micronutrients.
[0045] Suitable externders and/or surfactants which may be
contained in the compositions according to the invention are all
formulation auxiliaries which can customarily be used in plant
treatment compositions.
[0046] In the compositions according to the invention the ratio of
Propineb to an agrochemically active compound of group (B) can be
varied within a relatively wide range. In general, between 0.02 and
2.0 parts by weight, preferably between 0.05 and 1.0 part by
weight, of Propineb of the formula (I) is/are employed per part by
weight of agrochemically active compound.
[0047] When employing the active compounds of the formula (I) which
can be used according to the invention as bird repellents, the
application rates can be varied within a certain range, depending
on the type of application. In the treatment of seed, the
application rates of active compound of the formula (I) are
generally between 10 and 10000 mg per kilogram of seed, preferably
between 10 and 300 mg per kilogram of seed. When used in solid
formulations, the application rates of active compound of the
formula (I) are generally between 20 and 800 mg per kilogram of
formulation preferably between 30 and 700 mg per kilogram of
formulation.
[0048] Furthermore the invention relates to a method of repelling
birds, characterized in that Propineb is offered to the birds
and/or their habitat.
[0049] The fungicides used according to the invention are generally
applied in form of a composition comprising at least Propineb as
mentioned above. Preferably the fungicidal composition comprises
agriculturally acceptable additives, solvents, carriers,
surfactants, or extenders.
[0050] The present invention furthermore relates to compositions
comprising the active compound combinations according to the
invention. Preferably, the compositions are fungicidal compositions
comprising agriculturally suitable carriers or extenders.
[0051] According to the invention, carrier is to be understood as
meaning a natural or synthetic, organic or inorganic substance
which is mixed or combined with the active compounds for better
applicability, in particular for application to plants or plant
parts or seeds. The carrier, which may be solid or liquid, is
generally inert and should be suitable for use in agriculture.
[0052] Suitable solid carriers are: for example ammonium salts and
natural ground minerals, such as kaolins, clays, talc, chalk,
quartz, attapulgite, montmorillonite or diatomaceous earth, and
ground synthetic minerals, such as finely divided silica, alumina
and natural or synthetic silicates, resins, waxes, solid
fertilizers, water, alcohols, especially butanol, organic solvents,
mineral oils and vegetable oils, and also derivatives thereof. It
is also possible to use mixtures of such carriers. Solid carriers
suitable for granules are: for example crushed and fractionated
natural minerals, such as calcite, marble, pumice, sepiolite,
dolomite, and also synthetic granules of inorganic and organic
meals and also granules of organic material, such as sawdust,
coconut shells, maize cobs and tobacco stalks. Suitable emulsifiers
and/or foam-formers are: for example nonionic and anionic
emulsifiers, such as polyoxyethylene fatty acid esters,
polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol ethers, for example alkylaryl
polyglycol ethers, alkylsulphonates, alkyl sulphates,
arylsulphonates, and also protein hydrolysates. Suitable
dispersants are: for example lignosulphite waste liquors and
methylcellulose.
[0053] Suitable liquefied gaseous extenders or carriers are liquids
which are gaseous at ambient temperature and under atmospheric
pressure, for example aerosol propellants, such as butane, propane,
nitrogen and carbon dioxide.
[0054] Tackifiers, such as carboxymethylcellulose and natural and
synthetic polymers in the form of powders, granules and latices,
such as gum arabic, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl acetate, or else
natural phospholipids, such as cephalins and lecithins and
synthetic phospholipids can be used in the formulations. Other
possible additives are mineral and vegetable oils.
[0055] If the extender used is water, it is also possible for
example, to use organic solvents as auxiliary solvents. Suitable
liquid solvents are essentially: aromatic compounds, such as
xylene, toluene or alkylnaphthalenes, chlorinated aromatic
compounds or chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons, such as
chlorobenzenes, chloroethylenes or methylene chloride, aliphatic
hydrocarbons, such as cyclohexane or paraffins, for example mineral
oil fractions, mineral and vegetable oils, alcohols, such as
butanol or glycol, and also ethers and esters thereof, ketones,
such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone or
cyclohexanone, strongly polar solvents, such as dimethylformamide
and dimethyl sulphoxide, and also water.
[0056] The compositions according to the invention may comprise
additional further components, such as, for example, surfactants.
Suitable surfactants are emulsifiers, dispersants or wetting agents
having ionic or non-ionic properties, or mixtures of these
surfactants. Examples of these are salts of polyacrylic acid, salts
of lignosulphonic acid, salts of phenolsulphonic acid or
naphthalenesulphonic acid, polycondensates of ethylene oxide with
fatty alcohols or with fatty acids or with fatty amines,
substituted phenols (preferably alkylphenols or arylphenols), salts
of sulphosuccinic esters, taurine derivatives (preferably alkyl
taurates), phosphoric esters of polyethoxylated alcohols or
phenols, fatty esters of polyols, and derivatives of the compounds
containing sulphates, sulphonates and phosphates. The presence of a
surfactant is required if one of the active compounds and/or one of
the inert carriers is insoluble in water and when the application
takes place in water. The proportion of surfactants is between 5
and 40 percent by weight of the composition according to the
invention.
[0057] It is possible to use colorants such as inorganic pigments,
for example iron oxide, titanium oxide, Prussian blue, and organic
dyes, such as alizarin dyes, azo dyes and metal phthalocyanine
dyes, and trace nutrients, such as salts of iron, manganese, boron,
copper, cobalt, molybdenum and zinc.
[0058] If appropriate, other additional components may also be
present, for example protective colloids, binders, adhesives,
thickeners, thixotropic substances, penetrants, stabilizers,
sequestering agents, complex formers. In general, the active
compounds can be combined with any solid or liquid additive
customarily used for formulation purposes.
[0059] In general, the compositions according to the invention
comprise between 0.05 and 99 percent by weight of the active
compound combination according to the invention, preferably between
10 and 70 percent by weight, particularly preferably between 20 and
50 percent by weight, most preferably 25 percent by weight.
[0060] The active compound combinations or compositions according
to the invention can be used as such or, depending on their
respective physical and/or chemical properties, in the form of
their formulations or the use forms prepared therefrom, such as
aerosols, capsule suspensions, cold-fogging concentrates,
warm-fogging concentrates, encapsulated granules, fine granules,
flowable concentrates for the treatment of seed, ready-to-use
solutions, dustable powders, emulsifiable concentrates,
oil-in-water emulsions, water-in-oil emulsions, macrogranules,
microgranules, oil-dispersible powders, oil-miscible flowable
concentrates, oil-miscible liquids, foams, pastes, pesticide-coated
seed, suspension concentrates, suspoemulsion concentrates, soluble
concentrates, suspensions, wettable powders, soluble powders, dusts
and granules, water-soluble granules or tablets, water-soluble
powders for the treatment of seed, wettable powders, natural
products and synthetic substances impregnated with active compound,
and also microencapsulations in polymeric substances and in coating
materials for seed, and also ULV cold-fogging and warm-fogging
formulations.
[0061] The formulations mentioned can be prepared in a manner known
per se, for example by mixing the active compounds or the active
compound combinations with at least one additive. Suitable
additives are all customary formulation auxiliaries, such as, for
example, organic solvents, extenders, solvents or diluents, solid
carriers and fillers, surfactants (such as adjuvants, emulsifiers,
dispersants, protective colloids, wetting agents and tackifiers),
dispersants and/or binders or fixatives, preservatives, dyes and
pigments, defoamers, inorganic and organic thickeners, water
repellents, if appropriate siccatives and UV stabilizers,
gibberellins and also water and further processing auxiliaries.
Depending on the formulation type to be prepared in each case,
further processing steps such as, for example, wet grinding, dry
grinding or granulation may be required.
[0062] Organic diluents that may be present are all polar and
non-polar organic solvents that are customarily used for such
purposes. Preferred are ketones, such as methyl isobutyl ketone and
cyclohexanone, furthermore amides, such as dimethylformamide and
alkanecarboxamides, such as N,N-dimethyldecanamide and
N,N-dimethyloctanamide, furthermore cyclic compounds, such as
N-methylpyrrolidone, N-octylpyrrolidone, N-dodecylpyrrolidone,
N-octylcaprolactam, N-dodecylcaprolactam and butyrolactone,
additionally strongly polar solvents, such as dimethyl sulphoxide,
furthermore aromatic hydrocarbons, such as xylene, Solvesso.TM.,
mineral oils, such as white spirit, petroleum, alkylbenzenes and
spindle oil, moreover esters, such as propylene glycol monomethyl
ether acetate, dibutyl adipate, hexyl acetate, heptyl acetate,
tri-n-butyl citrate and di-n-butyl phthalate, and furthermore
alcohols, such as, for example, benzyl alcohol and
1-methoxy-2-propanol.
[0063] Solid carriers suitable for granules are: for example
crushed and fractionated natural minerals, such as calcite, marble,
pumice, sepiolite, dolomite, and also synthetic granules of
inorganic and organic meals and also granules of organic material,
such as sawdust, coconut shells, maize cobs and tobacco stalks.
[0064] Suitable surfactants (adjuvants, emulsifiers, dispersants,
protective colloids, wetting agents and tackifiers) are customary
ionic and nonionic substances. Examples which may be mentioned are
ethoxylated nonylphenols, polyalkylene glycol ethers of
straight-chain or branched alcohols, products of reactions of
alkylphenols with ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide, products
of reactions of fatty amines with ethylene oxide and/or propylene
oxide, furthermore fatty esters, alkylsulphonates, alkyl sulphates,
alkyl ether sulphates, alkyl ether phosphates, aryl sulphates,
ethoxylated arylalkylphenols, such as, for example, tristyrylphenol
ethoxylates, furthermore ethoxylated and propoxylated
arylalkylphenols and also sulphated or phosphated arylalkylphenol
ethoxylates or ethoxy- and propoxylates. Mention may furthermore be
made of natural and synthetic water-soluble polymers, such as
lignosulphonates, gelatine, gum arabic, phospholipids, starch,
hydrophobically modified starch and cellulose derivatives, in
particular cellulose esters and cellulose ethers, furthermore
polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinylpyrrolidone,
polyacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid and copolymers of
(meth)acrylic acid and (meth)acrylic acid esters, and moreover also
alkali metal hydroxide-neutralized copolymers of methacrylic acid
and methacrylic ester and condensates of optionally substituted
naphthalenesulphonic acid salts with formaldehyde.
[0065] Suitable solid fillers and carriers are all substances
customarily used for this purpose in crop pretection compositions.
Inorganic particles, such as carbonates, silicates, sulphates and
oxides having a mean particle size of from 0.005 to 20 .mu.m,
particularly preferably from 0.02 to 10 .mu.m, may be mentioned as
being preferred. Examples which may be mentioned are ammonium
sulphate, ammonium phosphate, urea, calcium carbonate, calcium
sulphate, magnesium sulphate, magnesium oxide, aluminium oxide,
silicon dioxide, finely divided silicic acid, silica gels, natural
and synthetic silicates and alumosilicates and vegetable products
such as cereal meal, wood powder and cellulose powder.
[0066] Suitable colorants that may be present in the seed dressing
formulations to be used according to the invention include all
colorants customary for such purposes. Use may be made both of
pigments, of sparing solubility in water, and of dyes, which are
soluble in water. Examples that may be mentioned include the
colorants known under the designations Rhodamin B, C.I. Pigment Red
112 and C.I. Solvent Red 1. The colorants used can be inorganic
pigments, for example iron oxide, titanium oxide, Prussian Blue,
and organic dyes, such as alizarin, azo and metal phthalocyanine
dyes, and trace nutrients, such as salts of iron, manganese, boron,
copper, cobalt, molybdenum and zinc.
[0067] Suitable wetting agents that may be present in the seed
dressing formulations to be used according to the invention include
all substances which promote wetting and are customary in the
formulation of agrochemically active compounds. Preference is given
to using alkylnaphthalenesulphonates, such as diisopropyl- or
diisobutylnaphthalenesulphonates.
[0068] Suitable dispersants and/or emulsifiers that may be present
in the seed dressing formulations to be used according to the
invention include all nonionic, anionic and cationic dispersants
which are customary in the formulation of agrochemically active
compounds. Preference is given to using nonionic or anionic
dispersants or mixtures of nonionic or anionic dispersants.
Particularly suitable nonionic dispersants are ethylene
oxide/propylene oxide block polymers, alkylphenol polyglycol
ethers, and also tristryrylphenol polyglycol ethers and their
phosphated or sulphated derivatives. Particularly suitable anionic
dispersants are lignosulphonates, polyacrylic acid salts and
arylsulphonate/formaldehyde condensates.
[0069] Defoamers that may be present in the seed dressing
formulations to be used according to the invention include all
foam-inhibiting compounds which are customary in the formulation of
agrochemically active compounds. Preference is given to using
silicone defoamers, magnesium stearate, silicone emulsions,
long-chain alcohols, fatty acids and their salts and also
organofluorine compounds and mixtures thereof.
[0070] Preservatives that may be present in the seed dressing
formulations to be used according to the invention include all
compounds which can be used for such purposes in agrochemical
compositions. By way of example, mention may be made of
dichlorophen and benzyl alcohol hemiformal.
[0071] Secondary thickeners that may be present in the seed
dressing formulations to be used according to the invention include
all compounds which can be used for such purposes in agrochemical
compositions. Preference is given to cellulose derivatives, acrylic
acid derivatives, polysaccharides, such as xanthan gum or Veegum,
modified clays, phyllosilicates, such as attapulgite and bentonite,
and also finely divided silicic acids.
[0072] Suitable adhesives that may be present in the seed dressing
formulations to be used according to the invention include all
customary binders which can be used in seed dressings.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol and
tylose may be mentioned as being preferred.
[0073] Suitable gibberellins that may be present in the seed
dressing formulations to be used according to the invention are
preferably the gibberellins A1, A3 (=gibberellic acid), A4 and A7;
particular preference is given to using gibberellic acid. The
gibberellins are known (cf. R. Wegler "Chemie der Pflanzenschutz-
and Schadlingsbekampfungsmittel" [Chemistry of Crop Protection
Agents and Pesticides]. Vol. 2, Springer Verlag, 1970, pp.
401-412).
[0074] The formulations generally comprise between 0.1 and 95% by
weight of active compound, preferably between 0.5 and 90%.
[0075] The active compound combinations according to the invention
can be present in commercial formulations and in the use forms
prepared from these formulations as a mixture with other active
compounds, such as insecticides, attractants, sterilants,
bactericides, acaricides, nematicides, fungicides, growth
regulators or herbicides. A mixture with fertilizers is also
possible.
[0076] The treatment according to the invention of the plants and
plant parts with the active compound combinations or compositions
is carried out directly or by action on their surroundings, habitat
or storage space using customary treatment methods, for example by
dipping, spraying, atomizing, irrigating, evaporating, dusting,
fogging, broadcasting, foaming, painting, spreading-on, watering
(drenching), drip irrigating and, in the case of propagation
material, in particular in the case of seeds, furthermore as a
powder for dry seed treatment, a solution for seed treatment, a
water-soluble powder for slurry treatment, by incrusting, by
coating with one or more coats, etc. Preference is given to
application by dipping, spraying, atomizing, irrigating,
evaporating, dusting, fogging, broadcasting, foaming, painting,
spreading-on, watering (drenching) and drip irrigating.
[0077] The application of the formulations is carried out in
accordance with customary agricultural practice in a manner adapted
to the application forms. Customary applications are, for example,
dilution with water and spraying of the resulting spray liquor,
application after dilution with oil, direct application without
dilution, seed dressing or soil application of carrier
granules.
[0078] The active compound content of the application forms
prepared from the commercial formulations can vary within wide
limits. The active compound concentration of the application forms
can be from 0.0000001 up to 95% by weight of active compound,
preferably between 0.0001 and 2% by weight.
[0079] The compositions according to the invention do not only
comprise ready-to-use compositions which can be applied with
suitable apparatus to the plant or the seed, but also commercial
concentrates which have to be diluted with water prior to use.
[0080] The active compound combinations or compositions according
to the invention have strong microbicidal activity and can be used
for controlling unwanted microorganisms, such as fungi and
bacteria, in crop protection.
[0081] In crop protection, fungicides can be used for controlling
Plasmodiophoromycetes, Oomycetes, Chytridiomycetes, Zygomycetes,
Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes and Deuteromycetes.
[0082] In crop protection, bactericides can be used for controlling
Pseudomonadaceae, Rhizobiaceae, Enterobacteriaceae,
Corynebacteriaceae and Streptomycetaceae.
[0083] The fungicidal compositions according to the invention can
be used for the curative or protective control of phytopathogenic
fungi. Accordingly, the invention also relates to curative and
protective methods for controlling phytopathogenic fungi using the
active compound combinations or compositions according to the
invention, which are applied to the seed, the plant or plant parts,
the fruit or the soil in which the plants grow. Preference is given
to application onto the plant or the plant parts, the fruits or the
soil in which the plants grow.
[0084] According to the invention, it is possible to treat all
plants and parts of plants. Plants are to be understood here as
meaning all plants and plant populations, such as wanted and
unwanted wild plants or crop plants (including naturally occurring
crop plants). Crop plants can be plants which can be obtained by
conventional breeding and optimization methods or by
biotechnological and genetic engineering methods or combinations of
these methods, including the transgenic plants and including plant
cultivars which can or cannot be protected by varietal property
rights. Parts of plants are to be understood as meaning all
above-ground and below-ground parts and organs of the plants, such
as shoot, leaf, flower and root, examples which may be mentioned
being leaves, needles, stems, trunks, flowers, fruit bodies, fruits
and seeds and also roots, tubers and rhizomes. Plant parts also
include harvested material and vegetative and generative
propagation material, for example seedlings, tubers, rhizomes,
cuttings and seeds. Preference is given to the treatment of the
plants and the above-ground and below-ground parts and organs of
the plants, such as shoot, leaf, flower and root, examples which
may be mentioned being leaves, needles, stems, trunks, flowers,
fruits.
[0085] The following plants may be mentioned as plants which can be
treated according to the invention: cotton, flax, grapevines,
fruit, vegetable, such as Rosaceae sp. (for example pomaceous
fruit, such as apples and pears, but also stone fruit, such as
apricots, cherries, almonds and peaches and soft fruit such as
strawberries), Ribesioidae sp. Juglandaceae sp., Betulaceae sp,
Anacardiaceae sp, Fagaceae sp., Moraceae sp., Oleaceae sp.
Actinidaceae sp., Lauraceae sp., Musaceae sp. (for example banana
trees and plantations), Rubiaceae sp. (for example coffee),
Theaceae sp., Sterculiceae sp., Rutaceue sp. (for example lemons,
oranges and grapefruit). Solanaceae sp. (for example tomatoes),
Liliaceae sp., Asteraceae sp. (for example lettuce), Umbelliferae
sp., Cruciferae sp., Chenopodiaceae sp., Cucurbitaceae sp. (for
example cucumbers), Alliaceae sp. (for example leek, onions),
Papilionaceae sp. (for example peas); major crop plants, such
Gramineae sp. (for example maize, lawn, cereals such as wheat, rye,
rice, barley, oats, millet and triticale), Asteraceae sp. (for
example sunflowers), Brassicaceae sp. (for example white cabbage,
red cabbage, broccoli, cauliflowers, brussel sprouts, pak choi,
kohlrabi, garden radish, and also oilseed rape, mustard,
horseradish and cress), Fabacae sp. (for example beans, peas).
Papthonaceae sp. (for example soya beans), Solanaceae sp. (for
example potatoes), Chenopodiaceae sp. (for example sugarbeet,
fodderbeet, swiss chard, beetroot); crop plants and ornamental
plants in garden and forest; and also in each case genetically
modified varieties of these plants. Preferably, cereals, maize,
sunflower, soya beans are treated according to the invention.
[0086] The method according to the invention for controlling
phytopathogenic fungi can also be employed for treating genetically
modified organisms, for example plants or seeds. Genetically
modified plants are plants whose genome has, stably integrated, a
certain heterologous gene coding for a certain protein. Here,
"heterologous gene" is meant to be understood as a gene which
confers novel agronomical properties on the transformed plant, or a
gene which improves the agronomical quality of the modified
plant.
[0087] As already mentioned above, it is possible to treat all
plants and their parts according to the invention. In a preferred
embodiment, wild plant species and plant cultivars, or those
obtained by conventional biological breeding methods, such as
crossing or protoplast fusion, and parts thereof, are treated. In a
further preferred embodiment, transgenic plants and plant cultivars
obtained by genetic engineering methods, if appropriate in
combination with conventional methods (genetically modified
organisms), and parts thereof are treated. The terms "parts",
"parts of plants" and "plant parts" have been explained above.
Particularly preferably, plants of the plant cultivars which are in
each case commercially available or in use are treated according to
the invention.
[0088] Depending on the plant species or plant cultivars, their
location and growth conditions (soil, climate, vegetation period,
diet), the treatment according to the invention may also result in
superadditive ("synergistic") effects. Thus, for example, reduced
application rates and/or a widening of the activity spectrum and/or
an increase in the activity of the substances and compositions
which can be used according to the invention, better plant growth,
increased tolerance to high or low temperatures, increased
tolerance to drought or to water or soil salt content, increased
flowering performance, easier harvesting, accelerated maturation,
higher harvest yields, higher quality and/or a higher nutritional
value of the harvested products, better storage stability and/or
processability of the harvested products are possible, which exceed
the effects which were actually to be expected.
[0089] The preferred transgenic plants or plant cultivars (obtained
by genetic engineering) which are to be treated according to the
invention include all plants which, by virtue of the genetic
modification, received genetic material which imparts particularly
advantageous, useful traits to these plants. Examples of such
traits are better plant growth, increased tolerance to high or low
temperatures, increased tolerance to drought or to water or soil
salt content, increased flowering performance, easier harvesting,
accelerated maturation, higher harvest yields, higher quality
and/or a higher nutritional value of the harvested products, better
storage stability and/or processability of the harvested products.
Further and particularly emphasized examples of such traits are a
better defence of the plants against animal and microbial pests,
such as against insects, mites, phytopathogenic fungi, bacteria
and/or viruses, and also increased tolerance of the plants to
certain herbicidally active compounds. Examples of transgenic
plants which may be mentioned are the important crop plants, such
as cereals (wheat, rice), maize, soya beans, potatoes, cotton,
oilseed rape, and also fruit plants (with the fruits apples, pears,
citrus fruits and grapes), and particular emphasis is given to
maize, soya beans, potatoes, cotton, and oilseed rape. "Traits"
that are emphasized are in particular increased defence of the
plants against insects by virtue of toxins formed in the plants, in
particular those formed in the plants by the genetic material from
Bacillus thuringiensis (for example by the genes CryIA(a),
CryIA(b), CryIA(c), CryIIA, CryIIIA, CryIIIB2, Cry9, Cry2Ab, Cry3Bb
and CryIF and also combinations thereof) (hereinbelow referred to
as "Bt plants"). Traits that are also particularly emphasized are
the increased tolerance of the plants to certain herbicidally
active compounds, for example imidazolinones, sulphonylureas,
glyphosate or phosphinotricin (for example the "PAT" gene). The
genes which impart the desired traits in question can also be
present in combination with one another in the transgenic plants.
Examples of "Bt plants" which may be mentioned are maize varieties,
cotton varieties, soya bean varieties and potato varieties which
are sold under the trade names YIELD GARD.RTM. (for example maize,
cotton, soya beans), KnockOut.RTM. (for example maize),
StarLink.RTM. (for example maize), Bollgard.RTM. (cotton),
Nucotn.RTM. (cotton) and NewLeaf.RTM. (potatoes). Examples of
herbicide-tolerant plants which may be mentioned are maize
varieties, cotton varieties and soya bean varieties which are sold
under the trade names Roundup Ready.RTM. (tolerance to glyphosate,
for example maize, cotton, soya bean), Liberty Link.RTM. (tolerance
to phosphinotricin, for example oilseed rape), IMI.RTM. (tolerance
to imidazolinones) and STS.RTM. (tolerance to sulphonylureas, for
example maize). Herbicide-resistant plants (plants bred in a
conventional manner for herbicide tolerance) which may be mentioned
include the varieties sold under the name Clearfield.RTM. (for
example maize). Of course, these statements also apply to plant
cultivars having these genetic traits or genetic traits still to be
developed, which plant cultivars will be developed and/or marketed
in the future.
[0090] A further application of the active compound combinations
and compositions according to the invention is the protection of
wood and timber. The insecticidal and fungicidal compositions or
concentrates used for protecting wood and timber comprise the
active compound according to the invention in a concentration of
from 0.0001 to 95% by weight, in particular from 0.001 to 60% by
weight.
[0091] Some pathogens of fungal diseases which can be treated
according to the invention may be mentioned by way of example, but
not by way of limitation:
Diseases caused by powdery mildew pathogens, such as, for example,
Blumeria species, such as, for example, Blumeria graminis;
Podosphaera species, such as, for example, Podosphaera leucotricha;
Sphaerotheca species, such as, for example, Sphaerotheca fuliginea;
Uncinula species, such as, for example, Uncinula necator; Diseases
caused by rust disease pathogens, such as, for example,
Gymnosporangium species, such as, for example, Gymnosporangium
sabinae; Hemileia species, such as, for example, Hemileia
vastatrix; Phakopsora species, such as, for example, Phakopsora
pachyrhizi and Phakopsora meibomiae; Puccinia species, such as, for
example, Puccinia recondita or Puccinia triticina; Uromyces
species, such as, for example, Uromyces appendiculatus; Diseases
caused by pathogens from the group of the Oomycetes, such as, for
example, Bremia species, such as, for example, Bremia lactucae;
Peronospora species, such as, for example, Peronospora pisi or P.
brassicae; Phytophthora species, such as, for example Phytophthora
infestans; Plasmopara species, such as, for example, Plasmopara
viticola; Pseudoperonospora species, such as, for example,
Pseudoperonospora humuli or Pseudoperonospora cubensis; Pythium
species, such as, for example, Pythium ultimum; Leaf blotch
diseases and leaf wilt diseases caused, for example, by Alternaria
species, such as, for example, Alternaria solani; Cercospora
species, such as, for example, Cercospora beticola; Cladiosporium
species, such as, for example, Cladiosporium cucumerinum;
Cochlioholus species, such as, for example, Cochliobolus sativus
(conidia form: Drechslera, Syn: Helminthosporium); Colletotrichum
species, such as, for example, Colletotrichum lindemuthanium;
Cycloconium species, such as, for example, Cycloconium oleaginum;
Diaporthe species, such as, for example, Diaporthe citri; Elsinoe
species, such as, for example, Elsinoe fawcettii; Gloeosporium
species, such as, for example, Gloeosporium laeticolor; Glomerella
species, such as, for example, Glomerella cingulata; Guignardia
species, such as, for example, Guignardia bidwelli; Leptosphaeria
species, such as, for example, Leptosphaeria maculans; Magnaporthe
species, such as, for example, Magnaporthe grisea; Microdochium
species, such as, for example, Microdochium nivale; Mycosphaerella
species, such as, for example, Mycosphaerella graminicola and M.
fijiensis; Phaeosphaeria species, such as, for example,
Phaeosphaeria nodorum; Pyrenophora species, such as, for example,
Pyrenophora teres; Ramularia species, such as, for example,
Ramularia collo-cygni; Rhynchosporium species, such as, for
example, Rhynchosporium secalis; Septoria species, such as, for
example, Septoria apii; Typhula species, such as, for example,
Typhula incarnata; Venturia species, such as, for example, Venturia
inaequalis; Root and stem diseases caused, for example, by
Corticium species, such as, for example, Corticium graminearum;
Fusarium species, such as, for example, Fusarium oxysporum;
Gaeumannomyces species, such as, for example, Gaeumannomyces
graminis; Rhizoctonia species, such as, for example Rhizoctonia
solani; Tapesia species, such as, for example, Tapesia acuformis;
Thielaviopsis species, such as, for example, Thielaviopsis
basicola; Ear and panicle diseases (including maize cobs) caused,
for example, by Alternaria species, such as, for example,
Alternaria spp.; Aspergillus species, such as, for example,
Aspergillus flavus; Cladosporium species, such as, for example,
Cladosporium cladosporioides; Claviceps species, such as, for
example, Claviceps purpurea; Fusarium species, such as, for
example, Fusarium culmorum; Gibberella species, such as, for
example, Gibberella zeae; Monographella species, such as, for
example, Monographella nivalis; Septoria species, such as for
example, Septoria nodorum; Diseases caused by smut fungi, such as,
for example, Sphacelotheca species, such as, for example,
Sphacelotheca reiliana; Tilletia species, such as, for example,
Tilletia caries; T. controversa; Urocystis species, such as, for
example, Urocystis occulta; Ustilago species, such as, for example,
Ustilago nuda; U. nuda tritici; Seed- and soil-borne rot and wilt
diseases, and also diseases of seedlings, caused, for example, by
Fusarium species, such as, for example, Fusarium culmorum;
Microdochium species, such as, for example, Microdochium nivale;
Tilletia species, such as, for example, Tilletia caries; Ustilago
species, such as, for example, Ustilago tritici, Utilago nuda;
Pyrenophora species, such as, for example, Pyrenophora graminea,
Prenophora teres; Phytophthora species, such as, for example,
Phytophthora cactorum; Pythium species, such as, for example,
Pythium ultimum; Rhizoctonia species, such as, for example,
Rhizoctonia solani; Sclerotium species, such as, for example,
Sclerotium rolfsii; Alternaria species, such as, for example,
Alternaria brassicae; Phoma species, such as, for example, Phoma
lingam.
[0092] Diseases of flowers and seeds caused, for example, by
Botrytis species, such as, for example, Botrytis cinerea;
[0093] Diseases of plant tubers caused, for example, by Rhizoctonia
species, such as, for example, Rhizoctonia solani; Helminthosporium
species, such as, for example, Helminthosporium solani;
Diseases caused by bacteriopathogens, such as, for example,
Xanthomonas species, such as, for example, Xanthomonas campestris
pv. oryzae; Pseudomonas species, such as, for example, Pseudomonas
syringae pv. lachrymans; Erwinia species, such as, for example,
Erwinia amylovora.
[0094] Preference is given to controlling the following:
Seed- and soil-borne rot and wilt diseases, and also diseases of
seedlings, caused, for example, by Fusarium species, such as, for
example, Fusarium culmorum; Microdochium species, such as, for
example, Microdochium nivale; Tilletia species, such as, for
example, Tilletia caries; Ustilago species, such as, for example,
Ustilago tritici, Ustilago nuda; Pyrenophora species, such as, for
example, Pyrenophora graminea, Pyrenophora teres; Phytophthora
species, such as, for example, Phytophthora cactorum; Pythium
species, such as, for example, Pythium ultimum; Rhizoctonia
species, such as for example, Rhizoctonia solani; Sclerotium
species, such as, for example, Sclerotium rolfsii; Alternaria
species, such as, for example, Alternaria brassicae; Phoma species,
such as, for example, Phoma lingam.
[0095] It is also possible to control resistant strains of the
organisms mentioned above.
[0096] The application rate of the active compound combinations
according to the invention is [0097] when treating seed: from 2 to
400 g per 100 kg of seed, preferably from 5 to 200 g pro 100 kg of
seed, particularly preferably from 10 to 175 g per 100 kg of seed;
These application rates are mentioned only by way of example and
not by way of limitation in the sense of the invention.
[0098] The active compound combinations or compositions according
to the invention can thus be employed for protecting plants for a
certain period of time after treatment against attack by the
pathogens mentioned. The period for which protection is provided
extends generally for 1 to 28 days, preferably 1 to 14 days, after
the treatment of the plants with the active compounds, or up to 200
days after a seed treatment.
[0099] In addition, by the treatment according to the invention it
is possible to reduce the mycotoxin content in the harvested
material and the foodstuff and feedstuff prepared therefrom.
Particular, but not exclusive, mention may be made here of the
following mycotoxins: deoxynivalenol (DON), nivalenol, 15-Ac-DON,
3-Ac-DON, T2- and HT2-toxin, fumonisine, zearalenon, moniliformin,
fusarin, diaceotoxyscirpenol (DAS), beauvericin, enniatin,
fusaroproliferin, fusarenol, ochratoxins, patulin, ergot alkaloids
and aflatoxins produced, for example, by the following fungi:
Fusarium spec., such as Fusarium acuminatum, F. avenaceum, F.
crookwellense, F. culmorum, F. graminearum (Gibberella zeae), F.
equiseti, F. fujikoroi, F. musarum, F. oxysporum, F. proliferatum,
F. poae, F. pseudograminearum, F. sambucinum, F. scirpi, F.
semitectum, F. solani, F. sporotrichoides, F. langsethiae, F.
subglutinans, F. tricinctum, F. verticillioides, inter alia, and
also by Aspergillus spec., Penicillium spec., Claviceps purpurea,
Stachybotrys spec. inter alia.
[0100] The invention furthermore comprises a method for treating
seed where the individual active compounds are applied
simultaneously to the seed. Moreover, the invention comprises a
method for treating seed where the individual active compounds are
applied successively to the seed. Moreover, the invention comprises
a method for treating seed where an individual active compound is
applied first, followed by a binary mixture of the two other active
compounds. Alternatively, it is also possible to apply to the seed
first a binary mixture, followed by the remaining individual active
compound. If active compounds and/or individual active compounds
and binary mixtures are applied separately, this is preferably
carried out in different layers. These layers may additionally be
separated by layers without active compound.
[0101] The invention furthermore relates to seed treated according
to one of the methods described in the preceding paragraph.
[0102] The active compound combinations or compositions according
to the invention are especially suitable for treating seed. A large
part of the damage to crop plants caused by harmful organisms is
triggered by an infection of the seed during storage or after
sowing as well as during and after germination of the plant. This
phase is particularly critical since the roots and shoots of the
growing plant are particularly sensitive, and even small damage may
result in the death of the plant. Accordingly, there is great
interest in protecting the seed and the germinating plant by using
appropriate compositions.
[0103] The control of phytopathogenic fungi by treating the seed of
plants has been known for a long time and is the subject of
continuous improvements. However, the treatment of seed entails a
series of problems which cannot always be solved in a satisfactory
manner. Thus, it is desirable to develop methods for protecting the
seed and the germinating plant which dispense with the additional
application of crop protection agents after sowing or after the
emergence of the plants or which at least considerably reduce
additional application. It is furthermore desirable to optimize the
amount of active compound employed in such a way as to provide
maximum protection for the seed and the germinating plant from
attack by phytopathogenic fungi, but without damaging the plant
itself by the active compound employed. In particular, methods for
the treatment of seed should also take into consideration the
intrinsic fungicidal properties of transgenic plants in order to
achieve optimum protection of the seed and the germinating plant
with a minimum of crop protection agents being employed.
[0104] Accordingly, the present invention also relates in
particular to a method for protecting seed and germinating plants
against attack by phytopathogenic fungi by treating the seed with a
composition according to the invention. The invention also relates
to the use of the compositions according to the invention for
treating seed for protecting the seed and the germinating plant
against phytopathogenic fungi. Furthermore, the invention relates
to seed treated with a composition according to the invention for
protection against phytopathogenic fungi.
[0105] The control of phytopathogenic fungi which damage plants
post-emergence is carried out primarily by treating the soil and
the above-ground parts of plants with crop protection compositions.
Owing to the concerns regarding a possible impact of the crop
protection composition on the environment and the health of humans
and animals, there are efforts to reduce the amount of active
compounds applied.
[0106] One of the advantages of the present invention is that,
because of the particular systemic properties of the compositions
according to the invention, treatment of the seed with these
compositions not only protects the seed itself, but also the
resulting plants after emergence, from phytopathogenic fungi. In
this manner, the immediate treatment of the crop at the time of
sowing or shortly thereafter can be dispensed with.
[0107] It is also considered to be advantageous that the mixtures
according to the invention can be used in particular also for
transgenic seed where the plant growing from this seed is capable
of expressing a protein which acts against pests. By treating such
seed with the active compound combinations or compositions
according to the invention, even by the expression of the, for
example, insecticidal protein, certain pests may be controlled.
Surprisingly, a further, synergistic effect may be observed here,
which additionally increases the effectiveness of the protection
against attack by pests.
[0108] The compositions according to the invention are suitable for
protecting seed of any plant variety employed in agriculture. In
particular, this takes the form of seed of maize, peanuts, oilseed
rape, poppies, soya bean, beets (for example sugar beets and fodder
beets), rice, millet, wheat, barley, rye, triticale, oats, cotton,
potatoes, sunflowers, beans, vegetables (such as tomatoes,
cucumbers, onions and lettuce), and a range of the so-called energy
crops such as miscanthus, pennisetum, Sudan grass, white sweet
clover.
[0109] As already described, the treatment of transgenic seed with
the active compound combinations or compositions according to the
invention is of particular importance. This refers to the seed of
plants containing at least one heterologous gene which allows the
expression of a polypeptide or protein having insecticidal
properties. The heterologous gene in transgenic seed can originate,
for example, from microorganisms of the species Bacillus,
Rhizobium, Pseudomonas, Serratia, Trichoderma, Clavibacter, Glomus
or Gliocladium. Preferably, this heterologous gene is from Bacillus
sp., the gene product having activity against the European corn
borer and/or the Western corn rootworm. Particularly preferably,
the heterologous gene originates from Bacillus thuringiensis.
[0110] In the context of the present invention, the active compound
combinations or compositions according to the invention are applied
on their own or in a suitable formulation to the seed. Preferably,
the seed is treated in a state in which it is sufficiently stable
on that the treatment does not cause any damage. In general,
treatment of the seed may take place at any point in time between
harvesting and sowing. Usually, the seed used is separated from the
plant and freed from cobs, shells, stalks, coats, hairs or the
flesh of the fruits. Thus, it is possible to use, for example, seed
which has been harvested, cleaned and dried to a moisture content
of less than 15% by weight. Alternatively, it is also possible to
use seed which, after drying, has been treated, for example, with
water and then dried again.
[0111] When treating the seed, care must generally be taken that
the amount of the composition according to the invention applied to
the seed and/or the amount of further additives is chosen in such a
way that the germination of the seed is not adversely affected, or
that the resulting plant is not damaged. This must be borne in mind
in particular in the case of active compounds which may have
phytotoxic effects at certain application rates.
[0112] The compositions according to the invention can be applied
directly, that is to say without comprising further components and
without having been diluted. In general, it is preferable to apply
the compositions to the seed in the form of a suitable formulation.
Suitable formulations and methods for the treatment of seed are
known to the person skilled in the art and are described, for
example, in the following documents: U.S. Pat. No. 4,272,417 A,
U.S. Pat. No. 4,245,432 A, U.S. Pat. No. 4,808,430 A, U.S. Pat. No.
5,876,739 A, US 2003/0176428 A1, WO 2002/080675 A1, WO 2002/028186
A2.
[0113] The invention is illustrated by--but not limited to--the
examples below.
USE EXAMPLE
Screening Experiment with Pigeon on the Repellency of Maize Seeds
Treated with Different Thiram and Propineb Formulations
[0114] 15 singly housed pigeons were acclimated to maize as food
source over a couple of days. From day -3 to day -1 they received
exclusively untreated maize (40 g/bird). Food consumption was
determined (see Table 1 below). All birds accepted maize seed as
food. The different groups behaved similarly:
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Food consumption of untreated maize (in g)
between day -3 and day-1 Day-3 Day-2 Day-1 Aviary Group 2008 Oct.
26 2008 Oct. 27 2008 Oct. 28 Mean/birds Mean/group 1 Thiram 160
g/dt 15.46 22.81 21.82 20.03 20.4 2 20.93 24.49 21.01 22.14 3 14.10
20.52 22.65 19.09 4 Thiram 80 g/dt 12.42 18.38 18.25 16.35 18.5 5
19.04 23.16 21.61 21.27 6 15.20 18.25 20.30 17.92 7 Propineb 160
g/dt 10.83 18.02 3.50 10.78 10.1 8 5.02 16.62 12.45 11.36 9 3.88
16.14 4.68 8.23 10 Propinep 80 g/dtr 5.33 9.96 12.29 9.19 15.6 11
25.31 26.33 20.36 24.00 12 18.72 15.47 6.44 13.54
[0115] For 3 days each of the pigeons received 40 untreated and 40
g treated maize. Food was offered in 2 bowls, one with treated, the
other with untreated maize. The position of the two bowls was
changed from day to day as well as during the day. Food consumption
was again measured (see Table 2 below)
[0116] Group 1 (Aviary 1 to 3): Thiram 160 g/dt
[0117] Group 2 (Aviary 4 to 6): Thiram 80 g/dt
[0118] Group 3 (Aviary 7 to 9): Propineb 160 g/dt
[0119] Group 4 (Aviary 10 to 12): Propineb 80 g/dt
TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Food consumption of untreated and treated
maize (in g) Day 0 Day 1 Day 2 2008 Oct. 29 2008 Oct. 30 2008 Oct.
31 Mean/birds Mean/group Aviary Group U T U T U T U T U T 1 Thiram
160 g/dt 1.4 17.4 7.2 15.8 14.5 8.4 7.7 13.9 18.6 4.6 2 27.8 0.0
25.8 0.0 23.4 0.0 25.6 0.0 3 21.5 0.0 22.5 0.0 23.0 0.0 22.4 0.0 4
Thiram 80 g/dt 14.4 2.8 11.8 0.6 14.5 3.2 13.6 2.2 16.8 0.7 5 15.8
0.0 18.4 0.0 19.3 0.0 17.8 0.0 6 18.9 0.0 18.2 0.0 19.7 0.0 18.9
0.0 7 Propineb 160 g/dt 23.1 0.0 24.6 0.0 26.1 0.0 24.6 0.0 24.4
0.2 8 24.6 0.0 19.5 1.8 19.9 0.0 21.3 0.6 9 20.0 0.0 30.2 0.0 28.3
0.0 26.2 0.0 10 Propineb 80 g/dt 17.1 1.3 17.5 2.9 25.9 0.0 20.1
1.4 20.6 1.7 11 20.3 0.0 23.2 1.7 27.5 0.0 23.6 0.6 12 4.8 7.2 20.6
1.8 28.6 0.0 18.0 3.0 U. untreated; T:. treated
TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Mean food consumption of treated and
untreated maize per group and per day (in g) day 0 day 1 day 3
untreated treated untreated treated untreated treated Group 1
Thiram 160 g/dt 16.9 6.0 18.5 5.3 20.3 2.8 Group 2 Thiram 80 g/dt
16.4 0.9 16.1 0.2 17.8 1.1 Group 3 Propineb 160 g/dt 22.6 0.0 24.8
0.6 24.8 0.0 Group 4 Propineb 80 g/dt 14.1 2.8 20.4 2.1 27.3
0.0
[0120] From this example, it can be stated that Propineb achieved a
substantially better activity than Thiram when compared at the
registered rate of Thiram.
* * * * *