U.S. patent application number 12/745699 was filed with the patent office on 2010-10-14 for method for detecting a load-related change in thermal capacity of a water-bearing domestic appliance.
This patent application is currently assigned to BSH BOSCH UND SIEMENS HAUSGERATE GMBH. Invention is credited to Heinz Heissler, Kai Paintner.
Application Number | 20100258145 12/745699 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 40227548 |
Filed Date | 2010-10-14 |
United States Patent
Application |
20100258145 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Heissler; Heinz ; et
al. |
October 14, 2010 |
METHOD FOR DETECTING A LOAD-RELATED CHANGE IN THERMAL CAPACITY OF A
WATER-BEARING DOMESTIC APPLIANCE
Abstract
A water-bearing appliance, such as a dishwasher, and a method
for detecting the load-related change in thermal capacity of the
water-bearing domestic appliance, in order to optimize the drying
process. In an exemplary embodiment, the method includes detecting
a temperature gradient during the cooling of the items to be
cleaned.
Inventors: |
Heissler; Heinz; (Dillingen,
DE) ; Paintner; Kai; (Adelsried, DE) |
Correspondence
Address: |
BSH HOME APPLIANCES CORPORATION;INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY DEPARTMENT
100 BOSCH BOULEVARD
NEW BERN
NC
28562
US
|
Assignee: |
BSH BOSCH UND SIEMENS HAUSGERATE
GMBH
Munich
DE
|
Family ID: |
40227548 |
Appl. No.: |
12/745699 |
Filed: |
November 11, 2008 |
PCT Filed: |
November 11, 2008 |
PCT NO: |
PCT/EP08/65295 |
371 Date: |
June 2, 2010 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
134/18 ;
134/56D |
Current CPC
Class: |
A47L 2401/12 20130101;
A47L 15/4291 20130101; A47L 15/4295 20130101; A47L 2501/11
20130101; A47L 15/483 20130101; A47L 2401/04 20130101; A47L 2501/30
20130101; A47L 2401/34 20130101; A47L 15/0034 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
134/18 ;
134/56.D |
International
Class: |
A47L 15/00 20060101
A47L015/00 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Dec 11, 2007 |
DE |
10 2007 059 517.6 |
Claims
1-11. (canceled)
12. A method for detecting a load-related change in thermal
capacity of a water-bearing domestic appliance for optimizing a
drying process, comprising: measuring a temperature trend during
cooling of wash items in the appliance.
13. The method as claimed in claim 12, wherein the temperature
trend is a temperature trend of wash liquor in a circulation path
of the appliance.
14. The method as claimed in claim 12, wherein the temperature
trend is a temperature trend of a condensation surface of the
appliance.
15. The method as claimed in claim 12, wherein the temperature
trend is a temperature trend of a water reservoir of the
appliance.
16. The method as claimed in claim 15, wherein the temperature
trend is a temperature trend of wash liquor mixed with fresh water
measured in at least one of the circulation path and the
condensation surface.
17. The method as claimed in claim 12, wherein the temperature
trend is measured over a predefined period of time.
18. The method as claimed in claim 12, wherein the temperature
trend is measured within a predefined time interval.
19. The method as claimed in claim 12, wherein the temperature
trend is measured at least one of continuously and at predefined
intervals.
20. The method as claimed in claim 12, wherein the temperature
trend is a temperature trend of wash liquor measured during a wash
liquor heat-up phase.
21. A water-bearing domestic appliance, comprising: a sensor
structured to detect a load-related capacity for storing thermal
energy, and to measure a temperature trend during cooling of wash
items disposed in the appliance.
Description
[0001] The invention relates to a method as claimed in the preamble
of claim 1.
[0002] In water-bearing domestic appliances such as dishwashers,
the thermal behavior of said appliances varies as a function of the
amount and type of wash items, i.e. the items loaded cause a change
in thermal capacity, with the result that, for example, the
duration of cooling or drying processes is extended or reduced.
[0003] WO 2004/047608 A1 discloses a method for detecting the
amount of items in the washing compartment (tub) of a dishwasher,
wherein both motor operating data of a circulating pump and the
so-called heating gradient in the dishwasher are recorded at least
in a pre-wash phase and in a heating phase. The actual values
captured are compared with the stored setpoint values and the
amount of items in the washing compartment is inferred therefrom.
The wash program can then be adapted to suit the amount of items
ascertained. This method requires a high degree of open- and
closed-loop control complexity, as a large number of curve or
measurement data scenarios must be stored in a program control unit
and compared with the captured values for the setpoint/actual
comparison. In addition, the heating power of a dishwasher depends
on the locally available electricity supply voltage, with the
result that variations in the locally available supply voltage can
falsify the measurement result.
[0004] The object of the invention is therefore to provide an
improved method.
[0005] The object of the invention is achieved by a method for
detecting the load-related change in thermal capacity of a
water-bearing domestic appliance, in particular a dishwasher, to
optimize a drying process.
[0006] It is provided according to the invention that a temperature
trend during cooling of the wash items is captured. For example,
during the main cleaning cycle, the temperature of the cooling wash
liquor, which is in temperature equilibrium with the wash items, is
measured. Because a large load cools down more slowly than a small
one, the captured temperature trend of the wash liquor can be used
as a measure for the load. It can be captured in a technically
simple manner via a temperature sensor, because the sensor can be
incorporated in the circulation path without great technical
complexity. Alternatively or in addition, the temperature trend can
be captured on a condensation surface, e.g. on the inside of a door
or on the outside of a water tank used as a container for
temporarily storing water and/or wash liquor. Advantageously, in
both variants for determining the temperature trend, pairs of
temperature values are captured at two different locations in the
appliance. A first value can be determined in an area upstream of
the wash items, and a second downstream thereof. A temperature
difference e.g. of the wash liquor can therefore be obtained from
values before and after contact with the wash items. The change in
thermal capacity due to the wash items can be determined from the
change in the difference. Similarly, the correlation between
temperature trend and thermal capacity also applies to measuring a
temperature on the condensation surface.
[0007] In another embodiment of the invention it is provided that
the temperature trend is captured after mixing of wash liquor with
fresh water, i.e. the change in thermal capacity due to the load is
determined calorimetrically by measuring a mixing temperature from
one of the two temperature values in the event of a change or at
least partial change in the wash liquor. This can take place, for
example, during the cleaning cycle or an intermediate wash cycle.
On completion of a first cleaning cycle with warm water, it can be
wholly or partially pumped off and cold fresh water supplied to the
wash tub. The fresh water is heated by contact with the warm wash
items and possibly by mixing with warm water remaining from the
cleaning cycle. Disregarding the temperature of the wash items
prior to the supply of fresh water, the thermal capacity can be
derived by means of a calorimetric calculation from the temperature
and amount of fresh water supplied, possibly the quantity and
temperature of the fresh water remaining from the cleaning cycle,
and the mixing temperature. This data can also be obtained in a
technically simple manner--in some cases using means already
present, i.e. with a low degree of technical complexity.
[0008] Such a procedure would not be convenient. In an advantageous
embodiment of the invention, a time dependence of a temperature
indicative of the temperature of the wash items themselves and/or
the time dependence of a temperature indicative of the temperature
of a condensation surface are captured. The time dependence of the
temperature of the wash items or condensation surface is to be
understood as meaning the temperature trend. The humidity in the
wash tub during cooling as part of a drying process is formed on
the condensation surface. In particular, determining the
temperature on the condensation surface provides a capturing
possibility that is both simple and independent of the wash liquor
and circulating pump or rather its performance data. The invention
therefore makes use of the recognition that the trend of the wash
item temperature, i.e. its change over a particular time period, is
directly correlated to the thermal capacity and temperature of the
wash items. This provides a technically simple calculation method
for indirectly determining, or rather estimating within tight
limits, the per se difficult to detect size of the thermal
capacity.
[0009] In the above mentioned embodiments, a fit function
describing the time dependence of the temperature during cooling or
mixing can be matched to the time dependence during cooling or
mixing, said fit function having the thermal capacity of the wash
items as a fit parameter. The thermal capacity of the wash items
can also be determined in a simple manner as a measure for the load
in this way.
[0010] In addition to measuring the temperature trend during a
cool-down phase and/or of a mixing temperature, it can preferably
also be provided to capture the temperature trend during a wash
liquor heat-up phase, particularly of re-circulated wash liquor, in
order thus to increase the accuracy by combining these
measurements.
[0011] The invention also relates to a water-bearing domestic
appliance, in particular a dishwasher, at least having means for
detecting the load-related ability to store thermal energy.
According to the invention, the water-bearing domestic appliance
has means for measuring a temperature trend during cooling of the
wash items. The current load is determined automatically, i.e.
without operator input, thereby considerably simplifying the
operation of the dishwasher.
[0012] According to the invention, the load can be detected
indirectly by determining the thermal capacity of the wash items.
To determine the thermal capacity, the dishwasher can incorporate a
temperature sensor for capturing a temperature indicative of the
wash items, and means for evaluating the captured temperature
and/or its time dependence. The temperature sensor can be disposed
in the washing compartment or in the circulation path and comes
into contact with water circulated during a cleaning cycle, said
water in turn being in heat-exchanging contact with the wash items.
It must therefore be disposed such that it can at least indirectly
capture the temperature of the wash items. A second temperature
sensor with associated evaluation means for measuring the
temperature of freshly supplied, not yet heated fresh water can
also be provided. In the case of dishwashers of the type
incorporating a heat store, the second temperature sensor can be in
heat-exchanging contact with the heat store. The second temperature
sensor and the evaluation means enable the thermal capacity of the
load to be determined according the method last described
above.
[0013] The dishwasher can incorporate a control unit which is
designed to process the data of the temperature sensor(s), i.e.
carry out the above described method or sections thereof and their
variants.
[0014] The principle of the invention will now be explained in
greater detail using examples and with reference to the
accompanying drawings in which:
[0015] FIG. 1: shows a temperature trend in the tub of a
dishwasher,
[0016] FIG. 2: shows a segment of such a temperature trend for
different loads,
[0017] FIG. 3: shows a schematic sectional view of a first
dishwasher, and
[0018] FIG. 4: shows a schematic sectional view of another
dishwasher.
[0019] FIG. 1 shows the known cycles in a dishwasher with residual
heat drying. These comprise a pre-wash 2, a heat-up phase 4, a
cleaning cycle 6, an intermediate wash cycle 8, a rinse 10, and a
drying cycle 12 completing this sequence of operations. In the
pre-wash 2, cold fresh water (approx. 3.4-3.9 l) is supplied and
circulated through the wash tub 14 (see FIGS. 3 and 4) for a
predetermined time of approx. 15 min by a circulating pump 20. A
heater 56 (see FIGS. 3 and 4) in the hydraulic circuit heats up the
fresh water of the pre-wash 2 in approx. 13 to 14 min to an initial
cleaning temperature of approx. 51.degree. C. This also heats up
the wash items 28 in the tub 14. In the subsequent cleaning cycle
6, the heated wash liquor provided with detergent is circulated,
thereby essentially cleaning the wash items 28.
[0020] Between the cleaning cycle 6 and the intermediate wash cycle
8, the wash liquor is pumped out of the tub 14 and clean, cold
fresh water is supplied. During the intermediate wash cycle 8, the
fresh water is circulated for a period of approx. 5 min, heating up
as it does so primarily due to contact with or rather heat transfer
from the wash items 28 still warm from the cleaning cycle 6 and
possibly a heat exchanger 38 (FIG. 4). For the change from the
intermediate wash cycle 8 to the subsequent rinse 10, the
intermediate wash water is pumped out of the tub 14 and cold fresh
water is re-supplied.
[0021] In conventional dishwashers with residual heat drying, the
cold fresh water supplied is circulated in the rinse cycle 10 for a
predetermined, fixed time of e.g. approximately 15 min during which
it is heated to the initial temperature T.sub.o for the final
drying cycle 12, e.g. to approx. 65.degree. C., using a
predetermined, fixed heating power.
[0022] FIG. 2 illustrates the trend over time of the characteristic
temperature, i.e. the time dependence of the temperature in the tub
for different loads during the rinse 10 and drying cycle 12. The
middle curve in FIG. 2 shows the temperature trend in the tub for a
defined standard load B.sub.standard. The upper and lower curves in
FIG. 2 represent the temperature trend in the tub for a (compared
to the standard load B.sub.standard) higher load
B+:=B.sub.standard+AB and lower load B-:=B.sub.standard-.DELTA.B
respectively. Due to the supply of heat energy, the temperature in
the tub 14, and therefore also the temperature of the wash items
28, increases essentially proportionally to the time t during the
rinse 10. The less than proportional temperature rise shown in FIG.
2 is the result of heat transfer losses through the walls of the
tub 14 and the loading door 16, among other things.
[0023] For the standard load B.sub.standard, the temperature during
the heat-up phase in the rinse 10 is adjusted to an initial
temperature T.sub.0,standard according to the middle curve in FIG.
2. Immediately thereafter there commences the residual heat drying
cycle 12, i.e. the complete evaporation of the water film on the
wash items. If a higher or lower load was detected, a
correspondingly larger or smaller heat energy input is required for
residual heat drying. Accordingly, the temperature during the
heat-up phase is set to a higher or lower initial temperature
T.sub.o-FAT or T.sub.o-AT for the residual heat drying cycle
12.
[0024] With the removal of the heating power supplied to the
circulated wash liquor during the rinse 10, the drying cycle 12
begins. The temperature in the tub essentially follows a falling
exponential function during which a film of moisture present on the
wash items 28 evaporates and condenses on a condensation surface.
At a time t.sub.12, as a characteristic feature, a temperature
T.sub.12 is reached which then changes only insignificantly and
marks the attainment of an essentially asymptotic state. The film
of moisture on the wash items 28 is then completely evaporated and
the drying process 12 can be terminated. As the reaching of time
t.sub.12 is dependent on the load, its detection is critically
important for controlling the drying process in respect of energy
input and time trend.
[0025] According to the invention, the time dependence T1(t) of an
actual temperature T1 in the tub during the cool-down phase of the
cleaning cycle 6, i.e. the temperature trend over time t, is
captured. From this is obtained the thermal capacity of the load as
a measure for the actual load B.sub.act. The time dependence T1(t)
of the temperature during the cool-down phase essentially follows
an exponential function in time t
T1(t).apprxeq.e.sup.-c.sup.tot.sup.(t-t.sup.0.sup.) (1)
where C.sub.tot=C(B.sub.act)+C(water) is the total thermal capacity
which is understood as being the sum of the thermal capacity
C(B.sub.act) of the current load B.sub.act and the thermal capacity
C(water) of the circulated water. t.sub.0 is the time at which the
cool-down phase begins. The thermal capacity C(water) of the
circulated wash liquor depends on the admitted amount of water
which is measured when the tub is filled with fresh water. The
total thermal capacity C.sub.tot is determined by matching a fit
function to the cool-down curve T1(t) with C.sub.tot as the fit
parameter. Finally, the change in thermal capacity C(B.sub.act) due
to the current load B.sub.act is calculated by subtracting the
measured thermal capacity C(water) from the thermal capacity
C.sub.tot derived from the cool-down curve T1(t).
[0026] According to an alternative embodiment of the invention for
determining the change in thermal capacity due to the load, the
mixing temperature obtaining in the intermediate wash cycle 8 is
measured. For this purpose, a function is matched by fitting to the
time dependence of the temperature measured in the intermediate
wash cycle 8, and the mixing temperature obtaining after the supply
of the cold fresh water at the start of the intermediate wash cycle
8 due to temperature equalization with the wash items 28 still warm
from the cleaning cycle 6 is determined as an asymptotic
approximation to the temperature-time dependence in the
intermediate wash cycle 8 using known mathematic equations or
models for calorimetric temperature mixing.
[0027] The dishwasher shown in FIG. 3 comprises a tub 14 in which
the wash items 28 are placed in a dish rack 30, a loading door 16
attached to the tub 14, a rotary water spray arm 24 pivotally
disposed in the tub 14, a circulating pump 20 disposed below a base
wall 19 of the tub 14 for circulating the wash liquor, a feed 22a
connecting the circulating pump 20 to the spray arm 24, a drain 22b
in the base wall 19 of the tub 14 which is connected to the suction
side of the circulating pump 20, a heater 56 on the feed 22a for
heating up the circulated water, a first temperature sensor 32 and
a second temperature sensor 34, a control unit 58 for controlling
the cycles and devices of the dishwasher and for reading and
evaluating the measurement signals of the temperature sensors 32,
34, a supply pipe 48 for supplying fresh water, a drain pipe 52 for
removing used wash liquor, and a heating device 56 on the feed 22a
with a control line 56s to the control unit 58.
[0028] The first temperature sensor 32 is disposed in the
circulating pump 20 and is used to capture the temperature T1 of
the water or rather wash liquor in the circulation path. However,
it can also be disposed in other positions in the circulation path,
such as in the feed 22a, in the drain 22b or in a recess in the
base wall of the tub 14 near the opening of the drain 22b. The
second temperature sensor 34 is disposed in contact with the inside
wall, i.e. the wall of the loading door 16 facing the tub 14, and
is used for measuring a reference temperature T2 indicative of the
temperature of a cold surface in the tub 14. It can also be
disposed, for example, in a control panel 18 in the loading
temperature 16 (sic).
[0029] The temperature sensor 32 in the circulating pump 20
captures a temperature trend of the wash liquor over time and
forwards the data to the control device 58. The temperature of the
wash liquor is determined, on the one hand, by the output
temperature of the fresh water from the domestic supply pipe. As
the fresh water first passes into the circulating pump 20 before it
is pumped further, the sensor 32 is able to capture its
temperature. The heating power subsequently supplied to the fresh
water is likewise known. Largely constant or of at least only
relatively slight effect are the energy losses via the line 22a and
the walls of the tub 14. The control device 58 can therefore
determine the temperature of the wash liquor when it enters the tub
14 before it comes into contact with the wash items 28.
[0030] Also affecting the temperature of the wash liquor is the
temperature of the wash items 28 on which the wash liquor can be
heated or cooled. When the wash liquor is repeatedly circulated
e.g. during the heat-up phase 4 (cf. FIG. 1), after each discharge
from the tub 14 the liquor acquires a lower temperature than it had
in the feed pipe 22a because it is cooled on the wash items 28. The
control device 58 can infer the degree of loading of the tub 14
both from the captured temperature difference between the wash
liquor flowing into and out of the tub 14 and from the change in
said temperature difference over time. For a smaller amount of wash
items 28, a lower thermal capacity is present in the tub 14, which
means that the wash liquor is cooled less. The wash items 28
therefore heat up more quickly, thereby enabling the heat-up phase
4 to be shortened or the power of the heater 56 to be reduced.
Conversely, for a larger load it is necessary to extend the heat-up
phase 4 or increase the heating power.
[0031] Alternatively or additionally, namely to improve the data
set of the control unit 58 for determining the load, a second
temperature sensor 34 can be mounted in or on the loading door 16.
The loading door 16 constitutes a relatively cool condensation
surface in the residual heat drying cycle 12. The wash items 28
heated up in the preceding rinse 10 evaporate the moisture adhering
thereto which forms on the loading door 16 as a cool condensation
surface. The trend of the temperature of the condensation surface
is also an indication of the degree of loading of the tub 14, as a
larger amount of wash items 28 can bind a correspondingly larger
amount of moisture on their surface. The subsequent condensation
delivers more heat to the condensation surface of the loading door
16 than a smaller load can.
[0032] The second embodiment of the dishwasher shown in FIG. 4
differs from the first embodiment shown in FIG. 3 in that it has a
water reservoir 38 used as a heat store. Identical elements of the
first and second embodiment are denoted by the same reference
characters.
[0033] The dishwasher shown in FIG. 4 comprises the supply pipe 48
provided with the controllable valve 50 for filling the heat
exchanger 38 with fresh water and a connecting pipe 40 between the
heat exchanger 38 and the circulating pump 20, and also a third
temperature sensor 36 disposed in the reservoir 38 for recording
the temperature T3 of the water in the reservoir 38. The connecting
pipe 40 is opened and closed by the controllable connecting valve
42. The valve 42 can be controlled via a line 42s to the control
unit 58. If the valve 42 is closed and the valve 50 is open, the
reservoir 38 is filled with cold fresh water. If the valve settings
are reversed, it is filled with water from the circulation path
which can be heated if necessary.
[0034] The reservoir 38 is implemented in the form of a container
disposed parallel to the sidewall of the tub 14 and abutting said
sidewall. The third temperature sensor 36 is disposed in contact
with the wall of the reservoir 38 facing the tub 14. To improve the
heat drying efficiency, the reservoir 38 is filled with cold fresh
water during the drying cycle 12, which means that the sidewall of
the tub 14 facing the reservoir 38 becomes a cooled condensation
surface. On the one hand, therefore, the temperature sensor 36
fulfills the same purpose as the sensor 34 in the last described
example. However, as it is only in the fresh water flow of the
circulating pump 20, it can capture the output temperature of the
fresh water more precisely than the temperature sensor 32.
Consequently, it provides a better data set for load determination
by the control unit 58.
LIST OF REFERENCE CHARACTERS
[0035] 2 pre-wash [0036] 4 heat-up phase/heat up [0037] 6 cleaning
cycle/clean [0038] 8 intermediate wash cycle/intermediate wash
[0039] 10 rinse [0040] 12 drying cycle/drying [0041] 14 tub [0042]
16 loading door [0043] 18 control panel [0044] 19 base plate [0045]
20 circulating pump [0046] 20s control line for circulating pump
[0047] 22a feed [0048] 22b drain [0049] 24 rotary spray arm [0050]
28 wash items [0051] 30 dish rack [0052] 32 first temperature
sensor (circulation path) [0053] 34 second temperature sensor
condensation surface (e.g. loading door) [0054] 36 third
temperature sensor (heat exchanger) [0055] 38 heat exchanger [0056]
40 connecting pipe [0057] 42 connecting valve [0058] 42s control
line for connecting valve [0059] 44 supply [0060] 48 supply pipe
[0061] 52 drain pipe [0062] 56 heater [0063] 56s control line for
heater [0064] 58 control unit
* * * * *