U.S. patent application number 12/415825 was filed with the patent office on 2010-09-30 for method and apparatus to effect heat transfer.
Invention is credited to Richard J. Price.
Application Number | 20100243228 12/415825 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 42782690 |
Filed Date | 2010-09-30 |
United States Patent
Application |
20100243228 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Price; Richard J. |
September 30, 2010 |
Method and Apparatus to Effect Heat Transfer
Abstract
The disclosed methods and apparatus seek to effect heat transfer
through the use of one or more conductive fin devices. In addition,
the disclosed devices seek to reduce the discharge of pollutants
from primary combustion processes using carbonaceous fuel sources
by implementing secondary combustion features and other apparatus.
With more effective heat capture and utilization, the disclosed
heat exchange technologies provide methods and apparatus to reduce
heat dissipation to atmosphere. The methods and apparatus have
application in the areas of industrial incineration, power boilers,
water heaters, residential and commercial solid fuel waste heat
recovery appliances, and electric power generation. In addition,
the technology could have application in the areas of solar
systems, desalination systems, aircraft and vehicular engines,
electric motors, turbines, oil pans on internal combustion engines,
transmission cooling pans, cooling navigational and electronic
systems, and computer cooling and power supply.
Inventors: |
Price; Richard J.;
(Elizabeth, CO) |
Correspondence
Address: |
A LAW FIRM, P.C.
8753 YATES DRIVE, SUITE 215
WESTMINSTER
CO
80031
US
|
Family ID: |
42782690 |
Appl. No.: |
12/415825 |
Filed: |
March 31, 2009 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
165/185 ;
431/2 |
Current CPC
Class: |
Y02E 20/363 20130101;
F23M 9/003 20130101; Y02E 20/30 20130101; F23J 15/06 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
165/185 ;
431/2 |
International
Class: |
F28F 7/00 20060101
F28F007/00; F23M 9/00 20060101 F23M009/00 |
Claims
1. A device capable of providing for secondary combustion and waste
heat recovery, said apparatus comprising: one or more conductive
plates mounted substantially transverse an inner space and over an
inlet for an exhaust stream from a primary combustion unit, each of
said plates further comprising a first end and a second end
terminating at a position exterior to said inner space and
extendable through one or more media; wherein said exhaust stream
enters an aperture in said one or more plates and is directed
through said inner space; and wherein a portion of heat of said
exhaust stream is transferred by said one or more plates to a
medium in communication with said first and second ends of said
plate.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising one or more
conductive fins mounted substantially horizontal to said one or
more plates or acutely angled therefrom, each of said one or more
fins in spaced and stepped opposition with an opposing conductive
fin mounted substantially horizontal thereto or acutely angled
therefrom.
3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said aperture is offset from
the center of its respective plate.
4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said second end further
comprises a front edge and a back edge, each of said edges
extendable through one or more media.
5. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising a core capable of
housing a heat source or medium, said core mounted in spaced
relation to an adjacent pair of plates.
6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein said core is houseable in said
inner space or extendable therefrom.
7. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising one or more optional
fins mountable in a stack, a chamber, or a hood of said primary
combustion unit to transfer a portion of heat from said chamber to
a medium in communication with a distal end of said optional
fins.
8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein a medium in communication with
said first and second ends can also be in communication with an
adjacent or a distant plate.
9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein said distant plate resides in
another heat recovery unit.
10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said one or more plates is in
common with another heat recovery unit.
11. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising one or more
catalytic devices mountable in or adjacent to said aperture of said
one or more plates to enable further secondary combustion.
12. A method comprising the steps of: mounting one or more
conductive plates in a heat recovery device, each of said plates
extending outwardly from an inner space housing a heat-carrying
medium, each of said plates having distal ends in communication
with a terminus medium; contacting said one or more plates with
said heat-carrying medium; and routing a portion of available heat
from said heat-carrying medium to said terminus medium by means of
said one or more plates.
13. The method of claim 12, further comprising the step of
connecting a distal end of at least two of said one or more plates
to adjust a temperature of said terminus medium.
14. A system comprising: a plurality of combustion devices
configured in series, parallel, and/or grid format to form a family
or a gang of devices; each of said plurality of combustion devices
equipped with a heat exchanger comprising one or more conductive
plates mounted substantially transverse an inner space and over an
inlet for an exhaust stream, said one or more plates having two
ends terminating at a position exterior to said inner space,
wherein said exhaust stream is directed through said inner space to
make contact with said one or more plates; and wherein a portion of
heat of said exhaust stream is transferred by said one or more
plates to a medium in communication with said ends.
15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein one of said one or more
plates can be shared by some or all of said plurality of heat
exchangers.
16. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein said medium can also be in
communication with an end of an adjacent or a distant plate.
17. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein said medium is housed in a
core of a heat exchanger is capable of making a long distance
transfer of heat.
18. A heat exchanger comprising: one or more conductive plates
comprising ribs which extend radially from a hollow core; said core
being capable of housing a heat source; and wherein a portion of
heat from said heat source is transferred via said ribs to a medium
in communication with an outermost edge of said one or more plates.
Description
FIELD OF ART
[0001] The disclosed apparatus and methods relate generally to the
field of plate-type heat exchangers which can be conjoined with
secondary combustion devices, and more specifically to such
apparatus which are stand-alone devices or incorporated into one or
more systems of devices.
BACKGROUND
[0002] Mechanisms for conversion of energy contained in fuels to
mechanical work or electric energy necessarily produce large
quantities of byproduct heat or waste heat. Presently, technology
may utilize one or more heat exchangers to effect heat transfer
from one medium to another. Although engineers have attempted to
understand and control the flow of heat through the use of thermal
insulation, heat exchangers, and other devices, it is well known
that inefficiency has commonly been accepted as the norm. For
example, it is well known that most of the time the electrical
efficiency of thermal power plants, which is defined as the ratio
between the input and output energy, only amounts to about 30% to
about 40%. In addition, it is often difficult to find useful
applications for the large quantities of low quality waste heat
from these systems so the solution has been to reject waste heat to
the environment. Usually, heat is rejected to water from a sea,
lake, or river. This of course results in dissipative heating of
the water body which may also be an environmental detriment. If
sufficient cooling water is not available, the power plant would
require cooling tower technology to reject waste heat to
atmosphere. Although waste heat can typically be recovered if a
cogeneration system is used, the use of byproduct heat is often
limited due to difficulties in heat transport and heat storage.
There are huge potentials of waste heat.
[0003] Mechanisms for conversion of energy contained in fuels can
also produce unwanted pollutants. For example, it is well known
that combustion involving a fuel and an oxidizer results in a
transfer of energy. The fuel is usually a compound consisting of
hydrogen and carbon and the oxidizer is often air. In trying to
control combustion and the release of heat for beneficial use, the
idea is to carefully control the amount of fuel that is being
burned and try to keep the air-to-fuel ratio very close to the
stoichiometric proportion or the ideal ratio of air to fuel. In an
actual combustion process, however, it is not uncommon for the
combustion of the fuel to be incomplete, resulting in unoxidized
compounds and unburned fuel in the products. Impurities in the
fuel, poor control of air-fuel ratio, incomplete combustion, and
variation in the combustion temperature help to promote pollutants
such as sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, and
particulate matter.
[0004] With the recent global promotion of energy efficiency and
protection of the environment, the role of heat exchangers in
efficient utilization of energy has become increasingly important,
particularly for energy intensive industries such as electric power
generation, petrochemical, air conditioning/refrigeration,
cryogenics, food, and manufacturing. Although many types of
technology are currently available for the production of energy
and/or heat, it is asserted that only little progress to
conventional technology has been achieved over the last centuries
because of the availability of cheap fuel sources. With rising
energy costs, rising world temperatures, and the release of
pollutants and carbon emissions, consumers, businesses, and
governments worldwide are now faced with finding solutions to
achieve lower energy costs, lower consumption rates of natural and
fossil fuels, reduction or elimination of greenhouse gas emissions,
and which provide new and renewable energy technologies that will
have a lasting positive effect on the earth and its
environment.
[0005] It is believed that the disclosed devices offer true gains
in fuel utility with a corresponding decrease in greenhouse gas
emissions and substantially little heat dissipation to atmosphere.
Further, it is believed that the disclosed devices provide
solutions for the venting of emissions from various combustion
processes which utilize fossil fuels. Not only do the disclosed
devices seek to reduce the discharge of such pollutants to
atmosphere through secondary combustion processes, they can enhance
heat recovery by augmenting the primary combustion process with one
or more combustion processes, thereby providing for "sequential"
combustion processes. In addition, the disclosed devices can
provide a more effective means for heat to be transferred to a
desired environment or media.
[0006] Thermal energy is often mistakenly defined as being a
synonym for the word heat. It is acknowledged that an object cannot
possess heat, but only energy. Heat is energy or more precisely the
process of energy transfer from one kind of matter to another. The
term "thermal energy" thus when used in conversation is often not
used in a strictly correct sense, but is more likely to be only
used as a descriptive word. Where the term "thermal energy" is used
herein, the word "heat" is implied.
[0007] The disclosed devices seek to improve opportunities to use
this heat, not only for heating purposes but for energy production
by moderating and/or modifying heat transfer between objects in
proximity through the use of a multi-faceted approach to waste heat
recovery. By employing diverse materials in conjunction with the
structural advances disclosed herein, it is possible to customize
systems to take advantage of the inherent properties of these
materials and thereby allow and direct the movement of heat to a
desired medium and at the same time control heat loss. Applying
these technologies, the heat from virtually any source can be
routed to wherever it is can be best utilized. In addition, almost
any combustible material can be made into a fuel source that is
"clean" as compared to the use of the combustible materials without
the incorporation of these technologies. By
[0008] dramatically increasing the operating efficiency of a heat
exchanger, the technology will consequently generate a higher rate
of conversion. This can result in use of less fuel, which can lead
to less pollution and a decrease in system operating costs. As
operating costs decrease, higher rates of energy conversion can
translate into increased output.
[0009] Thus, there is a great need for more effective products
which provide higher efficiency in power generation, waste heat
recovery, and incineration applications. The improvements in
thermal energy transfer and utilization which are disclosed herein,
have a bearing on the heat exchange process of a transfer system,
and potentially have wide application in various industry sectors.
The disclosed devices present improvements in the area of heat
exchange products and applications that can provide superior
methods of thermal energy collection and transfer. The disclosed
devices can also provide drastic reduction or elimination of
emissions from combustion devices utilizing the technology.
[0010] It is contemplated that the disclosed devices can be used in
conjunction with primary sources of energy such as fossil fuels,
nuclear fuels and fuels from renewable sources such as the sun,
wind, earth (geothermal), water (hydraulic/hydro), and the oceans
(tides, waves, or ocean-temperature energy conversion). A solar
energy system could benefit in that thermal energy may be focused
or directed to a desired location or medium. A nuclear power plant
could utilize the full potential of its fuel source and could
conceivably reduce or eliminate the volume of its waste.
Mechanisms, such as engines, could be manufactured to be a fraction
of their original size. By better utilizing the energy produced,
such devices could have superior performance over their larger
predecessors. With the disclosed technology, it is also
contemplated that an overall reduction of hydrocarbon emissions and
dissipative heat could take place.
[0011] The disclosed devices have application in the areas of
industrial incineration, power boilers, water heaters, residential
and commercial solid fuel waste heat recovery appliances, and
electric power generation. In addition, the technology could have
application in the areas of solar systems, desalination systems,
aircraft and vehicular engines, electric motors, turbines, oil pans
on internal combustion engines, transmission cooling pans, cooling
navigational and electronic systems, and computer cooling and power
supply. Ecological applications could include agricultural crop
heat, heat drying of grain elevators, cooling towers, power plants,
military uses, remediation and hazardous materials cleanup among
others. The disclosed technology would be easily adapted with all
forms of fin type thermal dissipation heat exchangers.
SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE
[0012] The disclosed devices seek to effect heat transfer to be
employed for one or more uses or to one or more media. In addition,
the disclosed devices seek to reduce the discharge of pollutants
from primary combustion processes by implementing secondary
combustion processes. With more effective heat capture and
utilization, the disclosed heat exchange technologies provide
methods and apparatus to reduce heat dissipation to atmosphere.
[0013] Disclosed is a heat recovery unit capable of being
integrated in a combustion device, the apparatus comprising: a
plurality of conductive fins mounted substantially horizontal in a
wall of an inner space or acutely angled therefrom; one or more
opposing conductive fins mounted in spaced and stepped opposition
of each of the plurality of fins; an interior end of each of the
fins being positioned in the inner space and capable of being
exposed to an exhaust stream; a distal end of each of the fins
terminating at a position exterior to the inner space. A connecting
plate connects at least two of the distal ends. As the exhaust
stream contacts the interior ends, it is directed through the inner
space in a path as bounded by the interior ends. A portion of heat
of the exhaust stream is transferred by the fins to a medium in
communication with the distal ends. Heat transferable to the
connecting plates can be routed to one or more uses or media. A
front and a back end of each of the fins terminate at a position
exterior to the inner space. In addition, a locking means secures
the interior ends in the inner space. The fins further comprise
materials that are dissimilar from the material used to enclose the
inner space.
[0014] A heat recovery unit installable in a stack of a combustion
unit comprises: one or more conductive fins mounted substantially
perpendicular to a wall of an inner space or acutely angled
therefrom; each of the one or more fins in spaced and stepped
opposition with an opposing conductive fin mounted substantially
horizontal therewith or acutely angled therefrom; an interior end
of the fins being positioned in the inner space and capable of
being
[0015] exposed to an exhaust stream from a chamber of the
combustion unit; a distal end of said fins terminating at a
position exterior to said inner space. This embodiment further
comprises a conductive plate mounted substantially transverse the
inner space and over an inlet for the exhaust stream, the ends of
the plate terminating at a position exterior to the inner space and
extendable through one or more media. As the exhaust stream
contacts an aperture in the
[0016] plate, it is directed through the inner space in a path as
bounded by the interior fin ends. A portion of heat of the exhaust
stream is transferred by the fins to a medium in communication with
the distal end of the fins; and a portion of heat of the exhaust
stream is transferred by the plate to a medium in communication
with the ends of the plate. A front and a back end of each of said
fins terminate at a position exterior to said inner space. In
addition, a locking means secures the interior ends of the fins in
said inner space. Locking means also can secure the plate in the
inner space. The fins and/or plate comprise materials that are
dissimilar from the material used to enclose the inner space. One
or more optional fins are mountable in the stack, the chamber or a
hood of the combustion unit to transfer a portion of heat from the
chamber to a medium in communication with a distal end of the
optional fins.
[0017] Disclosed is a device comprising: one or more conductive
plates mounted substantially transverse an inner space and over an
inlet for an exhaust stream from a primary combustion unit, each of
the plates further comprise a first end and a second end
terminating at a position exterior to the inner space and
extendable through one or more media. The exhaust stream enters an
aperture in the one or more plates and is directed through the
inner space; and a portion of heat of the exhaust stream is
transferred by the one or more plates to a medium in communication
with the first and second ends of the plate. The second ends
further comprise a front edge and a back edge, each of the edges
extendable through one or more media. One or more conductive fins
can be mounted substantially horizontal to the one or more plates
or acutely angled therefrom, each of the one or more fins in spaced
and stepped opposition with an opposing conductive fin mounted
substantially horizontal thereto or acutely angled therefrom. In
this embodiment, the aperture can be offset from the center of its
respective plate. In addition, the device could further comprise a
core capable of housing a heat source or medium, the core mounted
in spaced relation to an adjacent pair of plates. The core could be
houseable in the inner space or extendable therefrom. One or more
optional fins are mountable in a stack, a chamber, or a hood of the
primary combustion unit to transfer a portion of heat from the
chamber to a medium in communication with a distal end of the
optional fins.
[0018] According to the disclosed devices, a medium in
communication with the first and second ends of a plate can also be
in communication with an adjacent or a distant plate. Further, the
distant plate may reside in another heat recovery unit; one or more
plates could be in common with another heat recovery unit. To
enable further combustion or secondary combustion, one or more
catalytic devices can be mounted in or adjacent to the aperture of
the one or more plates.
[0019] Also disclosed is a heat recovery unit comprising: one or
more conductive plates mounted substantially transverse an inner
space, a first end and second end of each of the plates terminating
at a position exterior to the inner space and extendable through
one or more media; one or more cores capable of housing a
heat-carrying medium or an atomic heat source, at least one of the
cores positioned to transfer heat of the medium or the atomic heat
source to one of the plates; and wherein a portion of said heat is
transferred by the one or more plates to a medium in communication
with each of the first and second ends. Each of the second ends may
further comprise a front edge and a back edge, each of the edges
extendable through one or more media. In addition, the
heat-carrying medium or the atomic heat source can pass through an
aperture of one of the plates, thereby providing for a
longitudinally positioned core.
[0020] Another embodiment of the disclosed devices involves a
system comprising: a plurality of combustion devices configured in
series, parallel, and/or grid format to form a family or a gang of
devices; each of the plurality of combustion devices equipped with
a heat exchanger comprising one or more conductive plates mounted
substantially transverse an inner space and over an inlet for an
exhaust stream, the one or more plates having two ends terminating
at a position exterior to said inner space. The exhaust stream is
directed through the inner space to make contact with the one or
more plates. A portion of heat of the exhaust stream is transferred
by the one or more plates to a medium in communication with the
ends. The medium can be housed in a core of a heat exchanger that
is capable of making a long distance transfer of heat. The medium
can be in communication with an end of an adjacent or a distant
plate. In addition, one of the one or more plates can be shared by
some or all of the plurality of heat exchangers.
[0021] Also disclosed is a method comprising the steps of:
combining a heat recovery unit with one or more combustion devices,
the heat recovery unit comprises one or more conductive plates
which extend outwardly from a hollow core. The core is capable of
receiving and housing a portion of a heat-carrying medium. The
method further comprises the step of contacting the one or more
plates with the heat-carrying medium and routing heat from the
heat-carrying medium to one or more uses or media by means of the
one or more plates.
[0022] Another heat exchanger embodiment discloses: one or more
conductive plates comprising ribs which extend radially from a
hollow core. The core is capable of housing a heat source. A
portion of heat from the heat source is transferred via the ribs to
a medium in communication with an outermost edge of the one or more
plates.
[0023] In another embodiment, a heat exchanger comprises: one or
more conductive plates having ribs which extend outwardly from a
hollow or solid core, the core being capable of receiving and
housing heat transferred by the ribs from an outermost edge of the
plate. A portion of heat is transferred in the core to one or more
uses or mediums in communication with the core. The outwardly
extending ribs can be radial. Entropy controls may be utilized to
prevent undesired heat loss and to pull heat back to the core. In
accordance with this device, a plurality of heat exchangers can be
connected in series to form an extended core to provide for a long
distance transfer of heat.
[0024] In yet another embodiment, a heat exchanger comprises one or
more conductive plates which extend outwardly from a hollow core.
The core is capable of receiving and housing heat transferred from
an outermost edge of the one or more plates. The outermost edge of
the plate can receive heat from a solar source or a geothermal
source. A portion of the heat is transferred in the core to one or
more uses or mediums in communication with the core.
[0025] In another embodiment, a heat exchanger comprises one or
more conductive plates which extend outwardly from a hollow core,
the core being capable of receiving and housing a portion of heat
transferred from an exhaust stream. The exhaust stream contacts an
aperture in the one or more plates and is directed through the core
to an exit. A portion of heat of the exhaust stream is transferred
by the one or more plates to a medium in communication with an end
of the one or more plates. The medium is capable of being routed to
a distant space for heating purposes.
[0026] In yet another embodiment, a heat exchanger comprises a
plurality of conductive plates mounted substantially perpendicular
with a housing, each of the plates having a first and a second end.
The first and second ends extend through a respective surface of
said housing. A first connecting plate connects at least two of the
first ends and is mountable adjacent a heat source and separated
from the heat source by an adjustable distance. A second connecting
plate connects at least two of said second ends. The second
connecting plate is exposed to a cooling medium. A portion of heat
from the heat source can be transferred from the first connecting
plate to the second connecting plate. Heat transferred to the
second plate can be routed to one or more uses or media. In
addition, heat transferred can be controlled by adjusting the
distance. The various distances may also be adjusted
independently.
[0027] The disclosed devices also provide for an apparatus adapted
for use with an electric power generating device. The apparatus
comprises a heat recovery unit having one or more conductive plates
mounted substantially transverse an inner space and over an inlet
for a heat-carrying medium. A perimeter of the plates terminates at
a position exterior to the inner space. The heat-carrying medium
contacts apertures in the one or more plates and can be directed
through the inner space in a path as regulated by the apertures to
be routed to one or more power utilities. A portion of available
heat is transferred to a medium in communication with the perimeter
by means of the one or more plates. For example, the available heat
can be used to heat a boiler medium whereby electric power can be
generated. The apparatus can further comprise transport means to
enable the device to be moved. Specifically, a mobile apparatus can
comprise a carbonaceous feedstock and a combustion unit mounted in
a respective rail car of a train system. The carbonaceous feedstock
is capable of being burned in the combustion unit to generate a
heat-carrying exhaust stream. The combustion unit comprises a heat
recovery unit having one or more conductive plates mounted
substantially transverse an inner space and over an inlet for the
heat-carrying exhaust stream. A perimeter of the plates terminates
at a position exterior to inner space. The heat-carrying exhaust
stream contacts apertures in the one or more plates and can be
directed through the inner space in a path as regulated by the
apertures to be routed for electric power uses. A portion of
available heat is transferred to a medium in communication with the
perimeter by means of the one or more plates. Available heat can be
used to heat a boiler medium whereby additional electric power can
be generated.
[0028] A method comprises the steps of: combining one or more
combustion devices, wherein at least one of the combustion devices
comprises one or more conductive plates mounted substantially
transverse an inner space and having a perimeter which terminates
at a position exterior to the inner space; contacting apertures in
the one or more plates with the heat-carrying medium to be directed
through the inner space in a path as regulated by the apertures;
routing the heat-carrying medium to one or more power utilities;
transferring a portion of available heat to a medium in
communication with the perimeter by means of the one or more
plates. The available heat can be used to heat a boiler medium
whereby electric power can be generated.
[0029] Also disclosed is a power generating apparatus comprising a
compressor capable of generating a heat-carrying compressed gas
medium and a heat recovery unit having one or more conductive
plates mounted substantially transverse an inner space to receive
heat from the heat-carrying compressed gas medium. The heat can be
transferred to a perimeter of the plates to be used to heat a
boiler medium whereby electric power can be generated and whereby
the gas medium can be cooled. A condenser condenses the gas medium
into a pressurized liquid; and an expansion valve expands and
evaporates the liquid medium to be used for cooling an adjacent
enclosed space.
[0030] Yet another embodiment discloses a method comprising the
steps of: mounting one or more conductive plates in a heat recovery
device, each of the plates extending outwardly from an inner space
housing a heat-carrying medium. Each of the plates comprises distal
ends in communication with a terminus medium. The method further
comprises the step of contacting the one or more plates with the
heat-carrying medium and routing a portion of available heat from
the heat-carrying medium to the terminus medium by means of the one
or more plates. In addition, the method can comprise the step of
connecting a distal end of at least two of the one or more plates
to adjust a temperature of the terminus medium.
[0031] These and other advantages of the disclosed device will
appear from the following description and/or appended claims,
reference being made to the accompanying drawings that form a part
of this specification wherein like reference characters designate
corresponding parts in the several views.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0032] FIGS. 1A to IF depict various embodiments of a heat transfer
device disclosed herein.
[0033] FIGS. 2A, 2B illustrate various finned plate
embodiments.
[0034] FIGS. 3A to 3C illustrate retrofitted devices utilizing one
embodiment of the disclosed device.
[0035] FIGS. 4A, 4B each show the implementation of an embodiment
of the disclosed device.
[0036] FIGS. 5A, 5B present overall illustrations of how media can
be interrelated with respect to the disclosed device.
[0037] FIGS. 6A, 6B depict how the disclosed devices can be tied
into each other to form a collective system or gang of devices.
[0038] FIG. 7A depicts an embodiment of the disclosed device
adapted for use with an internal combustion engine.
[0039] FIGS. 7B, 7C depict embodiments of the disclosed device
adapted for use with a cooling pan.
[0040] FIGS. 8A, 8B show embodiments of the disclosed device
capable of transferring heat from and/or to a central core.
[0041] FIG. 9A depicts an embodiment of the disclosed device
adapted for long distance or long 10 range heat transport.
[0042] FIGS. 9B, 9C depict how the embodiment shown in FIG. 9A can
be adapted from use with a collective system or gang of
devices.
[0043] FIGS. 10A, 10B show embodiments of the disclosed device
adapted for use with solar heat.
[0044] FIG. 11 shows an embodiment of the disclosed device adapted
for use with geothermal energy.
[0045] FIGS. 12A, 12B, 12C show examples of how the disclosed
devices can be adapted into a system of conventional devices.
[0046] Before explaining the disclosed embodiments of the disclosed
device in detail, it is to be understood that the device is not
limited in its application to the details of the particular
arrangements shown, since the device is capable of other
embodiments. Also, the terminology used herein is for the purpose
of description and not of limitation.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DISCLOSED EMBODIMENTS
[0047] The following description is provided to enable any person
skilled in the art to make and use the disclosed apparatus. Various
modifications, however, will remain readily apparent to those
skilled in the art, since the generic principles of the present
apparatus have been defined herein specifically to provide for a
multi-faceted approach to waste heat recovery and utilization.
Furthermore, implementation of the disclosed devices and methods
will necessarily be determined through engineering and technically
sound design decisions to meet the goal(s) to be achieved. Thus, an
acceptable design or problem solution is likely to be based on many
different criteria, which might include thermodynamic performance,
available technology, material selection, and economics. Not only
should an energy analysis be performed, a thermodynamic assessment
of each system or systems would be incomplete without a second-law
analysis. It is to be understood that in some cases the system
boundary may be viewed as a closed system while in other cases the
thermodynamic system may be an open system.
[0048] Waste heat refers to heat produced by machines and
industrial processes for which no useful application is found and
is typically regarded as a waste byproduct. As stated above,
throughout history engineers have attempted to understand and
control the flow of heat through the use of thermal insulation,
heat exchangers, and other devices. It is well known that waste
heat is necessarily generated and has been commonly accepted as the
norm. For example, the simple burning of a natural fuel such as
wood in a residential wood burning stove can create a large amount
of waste thermal energy which is discharged from its chimney stack.
Attempts may have been made to capture the waste heat and reuse it.
However, it is probable that these attempts have only minimally
increased the efficiency of the system.
[0049] The disclosed devices, on the other hand, seek to take
advantage of waste heat which is discharged from combustion based
processes that utilize carbonaceous fuel sources and to lower fuel
use and emissions. As will be seen below, the disclosed devices can
be incorporated into the stacks of new and existing systems to
capture and direct waste heat to optimize the system with very
effective results. The disclosed devices are not limited to devices
having a chimney stack as they can be integrated into conventional
systems of energy production devices. The disclosed devices also
contemplate the use of nuclear fuels and renewable energy sources.
In addition, one having skill in the art would understand that
modifications of the apparatus and methods disclosed herein for the
purpose of transferring heat from low-temperature bodies to higher
temperature bodies could be achieved and still fall within the
scope of the disclosure.
[0050] FIGS. 1A-1F depict various embodiments of a heat transfer
device. Some of the embodiments comprise what is referred to herein
as fins, some of the embodiments comprise what is referred to
herein as finned plates, and some of the embodiments comprise a
combination of fin and finned plates. One of the functions of a fin
and a finned plate is to collect and conduct thermal energy from an
origin to a terminus.
[0051] In FIG. 1A is shown a perspective view of a unit comprising
four walls (front 10, back 20 and two sides 30, 40) and having a
series of thermally conductive fins A horizontally positioned in a
staggered or alternating arrangement above a primary combustion
core inlet, I.sub.A. For reasons discussed below, the walls would
employ relatively low thermal conductivity materials. The fins
disclosed herein could be substantially perpendicular or angled
relative to the surface of a unit's side walls; however, it is
believed that the inner portion of the fins should be mounted
substantially perpendicular to the direction of gas flow. The idea
is to create a structure that exposes the maximum surface area of
the fin material to the exhaust stream. The stepped arrangement
provides an increase of heating surface over the arrangement
without substantially impeding the flow of gases. The dotted lines
and arrows shown herein are used mainly to illustrate the concept
that the exhaust stream is making contact with the surface area of
the fins and finned plates and may not fully represent the actual
conditions in place.
[0052] The A series of fins are mounted in receiving slots S in
unit 100 and jut from side walls 30, 40 in a substantially
perpendicular fashion relative to the outer surface of side walls
30, 40. In application, a fin is inserted in a receiving slot S in
side wall 30. See for example fin A.sub.1. An opposing fin is
inserted in a receiving slot S in side wall 40. See for example fin
A.sub.2. If this were a conventional prior art fin, the outer front
surface 50 of a fin A would be substantially flush with the outer
surface of the front wall 10 and the outer back surface 60 of a fin
A would be substantially flush with the outer surface of the back
wall 20. In some cases, the fin profile would be shortened in one
or more directions x, y, z, or directions (-) (x, y, z) as
referenced in FIG. 2A.
[0053] Generally heat would be transferred to the terminus of a fin
as defined by the dimensions of the protruding fin. The rate of
heat flow from one side of an object to the other (or between
objects that touch) depends on the cross-sectional area of flow,
the conductivity of the material and the temperature difference
between the two surfaces or objects. The heat transfer rate by
conduction can thus be expressed as
q = kA .DELTA. T L ##EQU00001##
where L is the conductor thickness (or length), k is thermal
conductivity, .DELTA.T is the temperature difference between side 1
and side 2, and A is the area of the body. As long as there is a
temperature gradient across a system boundary, e.g., one degree
differential, heat transfer is supported. The disclosed devices
seek to apply the principles of conductance and differential
temperatures to the disclosed apparatus and their media so as to
optimize the opportunities to recover and make beneficial use of
waste heat. For example, if a fin originates in the primary medium
M.sub.1 having temperature T.sub.1 and extends into a medium or
environment M.sub.2 immediately adjacent the fin having temperature
T.sub.2 wherein T.sub.2<T.sub.1 but no further, the fin is said
to terminate in medium M.sub.2. If a finned plate originates in the
primary medium M.sub.1 having temperature T.sub.1 and extends
beyond medium M.sub.2 that is immediately adjacent the finned plate
and into a third medium M.sub.3 having temperature T.sub.3 wherein
T.sub.3<T.sub.1, the finned plate is said to terminate in medium
M.sub.3. See also FIGS. 5A, 5B which depict media separated by a
solid wall so that they never mix as well as media which are in
direct contact with each other.
[0054] In a conventional prior art fin, front surface 50 and back
surface 60 would be flush with walls 10, 20 (or have a shortened
fin profile). Heat would thus be transferred away from slot S to
the fin's perimetric edges which are located directly to the right
and the left of the heat exchanger apparatus. The fin of the
disclosed apparatus, however, extends outwardly from the front and
back walls. Thus, front surface 50 can extend in the z direction
and back surface 60 can extend in the (-) z direction. Such a fin
profile differs from conventional fins that are known in the art
and are more akin to the "finned plates" which are discussed more
fully below. The finned plates that are disclosed herein can be
lengthened in one or more directions x, y, z or directions (-) (x,
y, z).
[0055] Receiving slot S extends into front wall 10 and/or back wall
20 by a distance S.sub.X to allow the A series of fins to protrude
the appropriate distance frontwardly and/or rearwardly. In short,
the profile of the disclosed fins can be lengthened in directions z
and/or (-) z as illustrated by fins A.sub.1, A.sub.2. Because the
disclosed fins may extend outwardly from walls 10, 20 thereby
providing for a larger fin volume, heat can be transferred not only
to the perimetric edges located directly to the right and the left
of the heat exchanger apparatus, but also to those located in front
and behind the apparatus. Thus, heat may be transferred to
environments in front of or rearward of a unit due to the increased
surface area of the disclosed fin. It will be apparent to one of
ordinary skill in the art from this disclosure the length of
S.sub.X as measured from respective walls 30, 40 that is necessary
to achieve the goal for which the disclosed devices are
implemented.
[0056] As stated above, the A series of fins are mounted in
receiving slots S in walls 30, 40 of the disclosed device. The
material, thickness, or stiffness of the fins disclosed herein, as
well as that of the finned plates, should be adequate to provide a
dimensionally stable structure that can be reliably brazed or
otherwise fastened to the system's walls to seal the system
boundaries. In discussing the disclosed fins, it is contemplated
that the same would apply to the finned plates unless otherwise
noted. Therefore where applicable, the fins and/or finned plates
will be referred to as "fin devices".
[0057] Distance S.sub.X of slot S serves as a locking mechanism for
a fin device. Due to its substantially rigid nature, a fin device
can be mounted in a receiving slot S a distance S.sub.X and then
press fit in place. Not only can the press fit hold a fin device in
place, it serves as a sealing means to segregate the media
environments. For ease of manufacturing and installation, a
plurality of fins can first be inserted in respective receiving
slots S in side wall 30 wherein the plurality is press fit in
place. An opposing plurality of fins can be inserted in respective
receiving slots S in side wall 40. The plurality of opposing fins
can then be press fit in place to complete the construction of the
disclosed device.
[0058] A slot S could be of the same width as the thickness of a
fin device. Alternately, slot widths and thicknesses of a fin
device could be varied as any materials selected may expand and
contract with temperature. Flanges or other sealing means including
press fits could be utilized so as to prevent leakage or undesired
losses of heat at the system boundary. In other words, the contact
points along slot S should be sealed to ensure a discrete boundary
wall between the unit's side wall and the fin device. A tongue and
groove engagement and a soldered joint provide an alternate method
of application. Metals and materials can vary in thickness,
expansion rates, etc. at various temperature and pressure
parameters. It will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art
from this disclosure the types of sealing, e.g., press fits, welds,
sealants, etc. to be utilized to ensure the suitable sealing
means.
[0059] Different materials or media have varying abilities to
conduct heat. Some materials are said to conduct heat poorly, i.e.,
wood, Styrofoam.RTM., etc., while others are said to conduct heat
well, i.e., metals, glass, some plastics, etc. It is desirable that
the fin devices be thermally conductive and constructed from
materials that are dissimilar from the material used in the side
walls, and preferably from materials that promote the amount of
heat transfer desired. Not only should the heat collecting fin
devices have sufficient heat conductivity, it is contemplated that
they be sufficiently refractory and resistant to corrosion. It is
also conceivable that one or more of the fin devices could be
constructed such that they are dissimilar one from another. The fin
devices themselves could also be impregnated with dissimilar
materials. In addition, the fin devices themselves could have fins
to enhance the efficiency of heat conduction.
[0060] The fin devices are illustrated herein as being smooth or
planar, however, it is contemplated that the surfaces of the fin
devices could be non-uniform, corrugated or otherwise varied to
promote or enhance turbulence and thereby increase heat transfer.
Fin type, dimension, configuration, surface structure, etc. are all
factors to be considered. For example, one could choose from any
number of known fin types and configurations. One could increase
the cross-sectional area of an object to increase its heat transfer
rate. Alternately, one could decrease an object's thickness to
decrease thermal resistivity. Depending on the goal to be achieved,
a fin device could be uniform in thickness throughout its area
while in other circumstances a fin device could have varying
thicknesses.
[0061] The fin devices may also be selected from materials that are
known to be catalysts. If one or more of the fin devices were
constructed of a ceramic that is coated with a metal catalyst,
e.g., platinum, rhodium and/or palladium, the device could
facilitate the process of secondary combustion whereby the device
removes most or all pollution emissions, i.e., nitrogen oxide
emissions, unburned hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, etc. from the
appliance or system. It is also contemplated that the inner walls
of the disclosed devices can comprise a medium to allow for heat
capture and/or for gas scrubbing. For example, as combustion gases
pass through the various embodiments and makes contact with the
inner walls, scrubber media can act to scour the gas to ensure a
cleansed vented gas.
[0062] Embodiment 100 receives combustion gases from a combustion
unit (not shown). The A series of fins originate from an inner
portion of device 100 and extend outwardly through each of walls
10, 20, 30 or walls 10, 20, 40. Combustion core inlet I.sub.A is
offset from fin A.sub.1. Flow from core inlet I.sub.A is directed
in a substantially serpentine path as bounded by the A series of
fins and as shown conceptually by the dotted lines and arrows. Not
only do the fins collect and conduct thermal energy, they serve to
restrict the flow of combustion gases through a unit and can be
used to promote turbulence. In all forms, the fin devices close to
the source of heat receive heat from the products of combustion
delivered from the combustion unit and/or burner, and conduct heat
to the designated medium. In an alternate configuration, core inlet
I.sub.A could be placed directly under fin A.sub.1 if required by
the particular application.
[0063] To increase the likelihood that combustible substances are
joined with sufficient oxygen to complete combustion, the devices
disclosed herein contemplate the injection of excess air and/or the
use of catalytic devices to promote combustion. Although not shown,
excess air could be introduced at core inlet I.sub.A to enhance
combustion. Catalytic devices useful for enhancing secondary
combustion (or for providing sequential combustion) can be
incorporated into any of the disclosed devices. In this embodiment,
one or more conduits 150 can be mounted along the surface of front
wall 10 or back wall 20 so as not to interfere with the function of
fins A.sub.1, A.sub.2. Entry means (not shown) appropriately
penetrate wall 10 (or 20) to allow the injection of air. The level
of excess air required in a given combustion process is dependent
on the type of fuel, the configuration of the combustion chamber,
the nature of the fuel firing equipment, and the effectiveness of
mixing combustion air with the fuel. Since excess air serves to
dilute and thereby reduce the temperature of the products of
combustion, thereby reducing heat energy available for useful work,
the actual excess air used in the combustion process is a balance
between the desire to achieve complete combustion and the need to
maximize the heat energy available for useful work. It will be
apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art from this disclosure
the configuration for implementing excess air, the amount of excess
air, and the type and location of catalytic devices necessary to
achieve the goal for which the disclosed devices are
implemented.
[0064] In the FIG. 1A embodiment, the placement of the A series of
fins could conceivably allow a stream of exhaust gas to rise
vertically up the stack with substantially no obstruction. In other
words, there could be a vertical pathway formed adjacent to the
internal end of the staggered fins. This may be useful in
preventing clogging problems. In addition, a vertical pathway may
facilitate cleaning of the unit. For example, a swab may be
inserted into the device's vent. In some cases it may be desirable
to overlap the staggered fins to cause a more dramatic meandering
of exhaust gas through the heat exchanger. It is to be understood
that such designs, however, could result in sooting and/or lead to
other buildup problems.
[0065] For fluid systems (either liquid or gases), the pressure on
the wall of a container holding the fluid is due to the cumulative
effect of individual molecules striking the walls of the container,
causing a normal force on the surface. Each fin device therefore
should be mounted substantially perpendicular to the flow to
potentially increase the amount of normal force acting on each
surface. In operation, a stream of combustion gas from core inlet
I.sub.A strikes the fin device and is thrown outwardly in all
directions with a whirling motion into the passing combustion gas,
producing a condition of turbulence. Some of the gas flows to the
edges and corner areas adjacent the system boundary between the
walls and the fin devices. It is contemplated that a sheet-type fin
device would provide the most effective surfaces for receiving gas
flow (or impacts); however, tubular or cylindrical fin devices
could also be used.
[0066] The volume or region, which is created by the unit's four
walls and the stepped arrangement of the fin devices, forms a
substantially discrete thermodynamic system. Thus, one unit may
comprise a number of system boundaries as bounded by the
appropriate wall sections of the unit walls and portions of the
relevant upper and lower fin device. As shown in the 1A embodiment,
there could be five discrete systems, each potentially providing
for a discrete combustion area. While the stepped arrangement does
not substantially impede the flow of gases, these systems can serve
to increase the dwell time of the gas therein. Although the manner
in which the disclosed device effectively creates eddy currents may
not be fully understood at this time, it is surmised that gas
flowing to the edges and corner areas of these volumes is being
momentarily entrapped adjacent the fin as combustion gases pass by.
Eddies occur at the bottom and top surfaces of the fins. The
entrapped gas swirls as a reverse current is created by the
combustion gas flowing past. The molecules in the hot gas of the
system move fast so that they collide more rapidly and with more
force against each other and the surface of the fin. This motion
causes the molecules to push each other farther apart against the
walls of the system volume, compressing the gas.
[0067] Gradients in chemical potential tend to cause substances to
be transferred from one phase to another. At the surface of a fin
device, conduction occurs as rapidly moving or vibrating atoms and
molecules of the waste heat interact with the neighboring atoms and
molecules of the fin device, transferring some of the energy as
heat to these neighboring atoms. As temperature increases in the
system, molecular activity increases. Since the disclosed
technology contemplates the use of dissimilar materials having high
thermal conductivity (such as metals), the forward transport of
energy would increase as temperature increases. The system's
environment could also encourage combustion as it would be
accelerated by the heat which is reflected on to the gas stream
from the surrounding fin devices. The eddies could be beneficially
ignited. It is surmised that an angling of the fins could alter the
turbulent flow patterns which may exist in the fluid chamber.
[0068] In the embodiment of FIG. 1A, three media are involved. As
flow from core inlet I.sub.A comes into contact with the surface of
a fin device, heat is transferred from a primary medium (internal
portion of the heat exchanger unit) to the fin device (second
medium) at the system boundary between the gas and the fin device.
From thence, heat is transferred from the fin device to a third
medium at the system boundary between the fin device and that
medium.
[0069] For the remainder of the discussion, it is assumed that the
center of the fin device will have the same temperature as that of
the primary medium (internal portion of the heat exchanger unit) or
core. Thus, the fin device itself can be referred to herein as the
primary medium. Because a fin device can extend into one or more
media, heat can be dissipated in the one or more media--namely a
second medium, a third medium, and so forth. With the technology
disclosed herein, heat transfer can be controlled by engineering
the location of the terminus of a fin device. Additional discussion
about system media is set forth below.
[0070] Plates 160 provide for the connecting of the outer ends of
one or more of the A series of fins to form a modified fin A'.
Although not shown, a similar plate could reside in the interior of
device 100 to connect the internal ends of one or more of the A
fins. The inner plate (not shown) could provide a larger surface
area by which heat may be transferred. As stated above, energy is
dissipated at the terminus of a fin device. If the heat exchanger
unit with its modified fins A' is bathed in a cooling media within
an outer sheath (a medium M.sub.2), energy can be dissipated at a
greater rate. One or more knock out holes (discussed below) could
be positioned in the fin devices to direct or enhance the flow of
gas. The connecting plates could also be non-uniform, corrugated or
otherwise varied to provide turbulence and thereby increase heat
transfer. A cooling medium passes through a hollow modified fin A'
by means of feed line 170. A conduit 180 serves to deliver the
resulting heat-carrying medium to other uses or media. As shown,
the disclosed device can be used to transfer heat from a first
medium M.sub.1 to some third medium M.sub.3.
[0071] As an example of the utility of the 1A embodiment, unit 100
could be installed as a replacement of a section of the flue pipe
of an existing residential wood, coal, or pellet burning stove.
Thus, the device could be offered as a retrofit for an existing
unit. As will be later shown, the devices disclosed herein can also
be integrated into a newly designed product or system of products
with a particular application in mind. These devices could also
comprise an integrated side arm that could be used for purposes
such as boiling water for potable and non-potable uses.
[0072] In FIG. 1B is shown a perspective view of a four walled unit
200 having a series of thermally conductive fins B mounted
horizontally in a staggered or alternating arrangement. It is
important to note that although the disclosed devices are
illustrated to be square or rectangular in shape, other
configurations are possible, i.e., cylinders, cones, pyramids,
etc.
[0073] A monolithic plate-like structure P.sub.B having an aperture
250 stratifies or bridges the width of a primary combustion core
and core inlet I.sub.B. Aperture 250 is illustrated here as being
centrally aligned, however, it could be placed offset to any side
in the finned plate if required by the particular application.
Plate P.sub.B resembles a fin but differs in that it is elongated
in length and width and is conceptually continuous, thereby
facilitating its ability to originate in a first medium M.sub.1 and
extend into one or more media, M.sub.2 to M.sub.n, thereby
transferring heat to the terminus environment of the fin device
wherever that terminus is. This device is referred to as a finned
plate and not only extends outwardly in a right to left
configuration from a unit's side walls, it may also extend
outwardly in a front to back configuration from a unit's front and
back walls, respectively (see FIGS. 2A, 2B ). The monolithic and
expansive construction of the finned plate facilitates continuous
heat transfer until the finned plate terminates.
[0074] The monolithic and expansive construction of the finned
plate also facilitates mounting of catalytic devices useful for
enhancing secondary combustion or providing sequential combustion
at the finned plates. It is contemplated that a catalytic device
could be molded directly into the aperture of a finned plate or
mounted adjacent thereto by means of brackets, housings, etc.
[0075] As stated above, the profile of the disclosed fins can be
lengthened in directions z and/or (-) z. That of the finned plates
can be lengthened in one or more directions x, y, z or directions
(-) (x, y, z). In embodiment 200, plate P.sub.B extends outwardly
in a right to left configuration from side walls 30, 40. Outer
front surface 55 of finned plate P.sub.B is shown to be
substantially flush with the inner surface of the front wall 10.
Correspondingly, the outer back surface of the finned plate would
be substantially flush with the inner surface of the back wall
20.
[0076] The B series of fins originate from an inner portion of
device 200 and extend outwardly through each of walls 10, 20, 30 or
walls 10, 20, 40. The fins are mounted in receiving slots S in the
side walls of unit 200. The B series of fins jut from side walls
30, 40 in a substantially perpendicular fashion relative to the
outer surface of side walls 30, 40. The outer front surfaces 50, 60
of the B series of fins extend outwardly from walls 10, 20 by means
of a receiving slot of distance S.sub.X to allow heat to be
transferred to environments in front of or rearward of unit 200. It
will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art from this
disclosure the length of S.sub.X as measured from respective walls
30, 40 necessary to achieve the goal for which the disclosed
devices are implemented. A connecting plate similar to plate 160 of
device 100 could be used to connect the outer and/or inner ends of
the one or more of the B fins if desired.
[0077] Like the embodiment of FIG. 1A, combustion gases from a
combustion unit (not shown) pass through a combustion core inlet.
Combustion core inlet I.sub.B in FIG. 1B is centrally aligned such
that combustion gases flow through unit 200 substantially as shown
by the dotted lines and arrows. Finned plate P.sub.B which
transverses core inlet I.sub.B collects or extracts thermal energy
from the primary combustion core via aperture 250. A portion of
heat from the exhaust stream can be transferred continuously along
the pathway provided by finned plate P.sub.B until that pathway is
disconnected or interrupted, each finned plate operating as a
delivery system for thermal energy. Viewed as a whole, a finned
plate could conceivably transfer heat in any desired direction
depending on the product or application desired. Because finned
plate P.sub.B terminates in this illustration, energy is dissipated
to the terminus environment. Because the finned plates disclosed
herein may be designed with other media in mind, it is conceivable
that a finned plate may be used to collect and conduct thermal
energy until it terminates in a second, third, fourth, etc.
adjacent medium or in connection with another unit or system
M.sub.n. Some illustrations are set forth below.
[0078] A fin device could be solid or it could have a hollow core.
Alternately, a fin device could be half hollow. The other half
could comprise solid tubes. It will be apparent to one of ordinary
skill in the art from this disclosure the suitable fin and/or
finned plate design necessary to achieve the goal for which the
disclosed devices are implemented. In some cases, the fin devices
may be engineered with a gradient which diminishes from one
location to another. It is contemplated that with the use of the
knockout holes (discussed below) to enable gas flow and turbulence
and the apertures to allow heat to enter and pass through a fin
device, thermal energy may transferred to intended media in
accordance with second law thermodynamics. See also FIG. 5A.
[0079] The B series of fins should be positioned in relation to the
source such that a maximum fin surface area can be exposed to the
exhaust stream. For example, the B series of fins could be mounted
substantially perpendicular to gas flow. It is contemplated that
the fin devices that are closest to the heat source can receive a
maximum heat from the products of combustion delivered from the
burner and readily conduct heat to the terminus environments.
Therefore, the surface area of the lower fins could be larger than
that of the uppermost fins. The fins also serve to restrict or
direct the flow of combustion gases through the unit. It will be
apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art from this disclosure
the fin design necessary to achieve the goal for which the
disclosed devices are implemented. Excess air could be introduced
at core inlet I.sub.B or at aperture 250 to enhance combustion. In
this embodiment, a conduit 150 delivering excess air can be mounted
along the surface of front wall 10 so that it does not interfere
with the function of finned plate P.sub.B. Entry means can
appropriately penetrate wall 10 or 20 to allow the injection of air
to finned plate P.sub.B. Catalytic device(s) can be mounted at
finned plate P.sub.B or at one or more of the B fins to promote
combustion.
[0080] FIG. 2A depicts a top perspective view of a device having
rectangular finned plates. To facilitate the use of the finned
plate as a continuous pathway to and through multiple media as
described herein, it is desirable to construct the finned plate as
a one-piece unit. In application, an insertable end 5 of a finned
plate PB.sub.2 is inserted in a receiving slot S in side wall 30
and through a receiving slot S in side wall 40 whereby insertable
end 5 protrudes therethrough somewhat like a conventional fin. An
inner section 7 of finned plate PB.sub.2 is mounted substantially
transverse inner space housing medium M.sub.1 to overlie core
opening I.sub.B. An outer front surface of finned plate PB.sub.2 is
thus substantially flush with the inner surface of the front wall
10. Correspondingly, the outer back surface of finned plate
PB.sub.2 would be substantially flush with the inner surface of the
back wall 20. Distance S.sub.X2 of slot S serves as a locking
mechanism for finned plate PB.sub.2 which can be press fit in
place. The noninsertable end 6 of finned plate PB.sub.2 juts from
walls 10, 20, 30 in a substantially perpendicular fashion relative
to the outer surface of wall 10, 20, 30.
[0081] An insertable end 5 of an opposing finned plate PB.sub.1 is
inserted in a receiving slot S in side wall 40 and through a
receiving slot S in side wall 30 whereby insertable end 5 protrudes
therethrough somewhat like a conventional fin. An inner section 7
of finned plate PB.sub.1 is mounted substantially transverse inner
space housing medium M.sub.1 to overlie core opening I.sub.B.
Distance S.sub.X1 of slot S serves as a locking mechanism for
finned plate PB.sub.1 which can be press fit in place. The
noninsertable end 6 of finned plate PB.sub.1 juts from walls 10,
20, 40 in a substantially perpendicular fashion relative to the
outer surface of walls 10, 20, 40. The series of finned plates can
have substantially similar dimensions. This is done for ease of
manufacturing and installation so that substantially uniform plates
can be easily stamped or otherwise produced and/or stored. It is
contemplated however, that a finned plate could be custom built to
extend in directions x, y, z or directions (-) (x, y, z) to
encapsulate the combustion core unit yet maintain the monolithic
construction of the finned plate if desired. In embodiment 300A,
the width of slots S is substantially the same as the thickness of
finned plates PB.sub.1 and PB.sub.2.
[0082] It can be seen that a finned plate can comprise one or more
knockout holes 70. Although the boundaries are not specifically
shown, the knockout holes would each reside in a separate medium,
M.sub.2, M.sub.3, etc. In addition, a finned plate could comprise
one or more orifices or apertures 250. Not only can a knockout hole
or aperture provide entry to the finned plate so the plate can
become a thermal energy pathway, each can also provide a means to
encourage gas movement. It will be apparent to one of ordinary
skill in the art from this disclosure the suitable placement of
knockout holes and/or apertures. For example, in finned plate
PB.sub.1 a knockout hole 70 could be positioned to the left of the
aperture 250 to allow heat passage to the upper finned plate
P.sub.B2. In the upper finned plate P.sub.B2 a knockout hole 70
could be positioned to the right of the aperture 250. It is
generally desirable to place a knockout hole in opposition to an
adjacent knockout hole for draft purposes and to aid in combustion.
The physical location and engineering of the knockout can be
important in relation to the location of a catalytic device, oxygen
injector, and other devices that can strategically enhance the
dynamics, performance, properties and combustion characteristics of
the disclosed device.
[0083] Core opening I.sub.B and apertures 250 shown in FIG. 2A are
round and centered but could be any suitable shape and located as
called for by the particular application. For example, core opening
I.sub.B and aperture 250 shown in FIG. 2B are semi-circular. The
one or more orifices or apertures 250 facilitate the transfer of
heat from the gas to the finned plate. As an exhaust stream passes
through core opening I.sub.B and apertures 250 a portion of heat of
the exhaust stream is transferred to a medium in communication with
the perimeter edges of end 6 and/or end 5 of finned plate PB.sub.1.
Likewise, a portion of heat of the exhaust stream is transferred to
a medium in communication with the perimeter edges of end 6 and/or
end 5 of finned plate PB.sub.2.
[0084] In FIG. 2B is shown a rounded or disc-shaped finned plate
embodiment 200A. Finned plate P.sub.B1 is mounted in a receiving
slot in the outer wall of a cylindrical unit 15. A disc-shaped
finned plate would extend from a cylinder wall in the same manner
as a square or rectangular finned plate described above. In
addition, the disc-shaped finned plate could also extend in a
substantially perpendicular or angled fashion relative to the
cylinder wall.
[0085] In application, an insertable end 5 of finned plate P.sub.B1
is inserted in a receiving slot in the cylinder and through a
receiving slot in the opposite side whereby insertable end 5
protrudes therethrough somewhat like a conventional fin. An inner
section 7 of finned plate P.sub.B1 is mounted substantially
transverse inner space housing medium M.sub.1 to overlie core
opening I.sub.B. Distance S.sub.S serves as a locking mechanism for
finned plate P.sub.B1 which can be press fit in place. The
noninsertable end 6 of finned plate P.sub.B1 juts from wall 15 in a
substantially perpendicular fashion relative to the outer surface
of wall 15.
[0086] An opposing finned plate (not shown) would be inserted in a
receiving slot in the opposite side whereby the insertable end
protrudes therethrough somewhat like a conventional fin. It is
contemplated however, that a finned plate could be custom built to
extend in a circular fashion to encapsulate the combustion core
unit yet maintain the monolithic construction of the finned plate
if desired. Heat may be transferred to the terminus of the finned
plate as defined by the dimensions of the protruding surface.
[0087] It will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art from
this disclosure that any number of configurations of fin devices is
possible and still the result will come within the scope of the
disclosure. Using the center of combustion core I.sub.B as a
benchmark, a finned plate could extend in all directions therefrom
and preferably, though not necessarily, in a substantially
symmetric manner. A round embodiment could extend in one or more
directions, n. Like the fins disclosed herein, a finned plate
collects and conducts thermal energy. Because a finned plate can be
elongated, it is capable of being used to transfer heat to other
units and/or systems connected thereto and to media with which it
makes contact or is designed to contact.
[0088] To illustrate the utility of a finned plate embodiment,
assume the device is installed in a stand-alone furnace used for
space heating. See for example FIG. 3A. The device could also be
embodied as a retrofit unit atop an existing residential wood
burning stove. See for example FIG. 3B. These embodiments depict a
device like that disclosed in FIG. 1B having a series of thermally
conductive fins B mounted horizontally relative to the unit's side
walls and substantially perpendicular to gas flow. The unit accepts
waste heat from a primary combustion chamber. The devices disclosed
herein can also be integrated into a newly designed product or
system of products with a particular application in mind. See for
example FIGS. 4A and 4B which depict a device like that disclosed
in FIG. 1B that has been integrated into ducting for home heating.
A more detailed discussion of these various devices is set forth
below.
[0089] In FIG. 1C is shown an embodiment 300 comprising walls 10,
20, 30, 40 and a series of thermally conductive fins C.sub.1,
C.sub.2, C.sub.3, C.sub.4 mounted horizontally in walls 30, 40.
Finned plates P.sub.C1, P.sub.C2 and P.sub.C3 extend beyond walls
30, 40. A finned plate P.sub.C1 extends across the primary
combustion core, the inlet of which is centrally aligned. A
discrete stage is formed between finned plates P.sub.C1 and
P.sub.C2 and between P.sub.C2 and P.sub.C3. As shown, there could
be two discrete stages having three sub-stages. Each of the two
discrete systems potentially provide for a discrete combustion
area. With the appropriate catalytic device(s) and/or excess air,
sequential combustion can be achieved. In other words, inlet gas
through core I.sub.Ccould undergo a combustion process at finned
plate P.sub.C1. Heat capture can occur at finned plates P.sub.C2,
P.sub.C3 whereby heat can be transferred to its terminus. Inlet gas
could also undergo a combustion process at finned plate P.sub.C2 or
in the systems bounded by finned plates P.sub.C1 and P.sub.C2 and
finned plates P.sub.C2 and P.sub.C3. Heat capture can occur at
finned plate P.sub.C3 whereby heat can be transferred to its
terminus.
[0090] In embodiment 300 flow is directed in a substantially
serpentine path until a transfer point is encountered or allowed to
occur, the transfer point being a finned plate. Flow from core
inlet I.sub.C is directed through apertures 350, 360 and 370 in the
respective finned plates P.sub.C1, P.sub.C2 and P.sub.C3 whereby
heat may be transferred. The finned plates also serve to restrict
or direct the flow of combustion gases through the unit. It will be
apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art from this disclosure
the plate positioning necessary to achieve the goal for which the
disclosed devices are implemented.
[0091] As referenced above, fins C.sub.1, C.sub.2, C.sub.3, C.sub.4
and finned plates P.sub.C1, P.sub.C2, P.sub.C3 can be selected from
materials that are dissimilar from the material used in the unit's
walls. For example, the finned plates could be composed of a
conductor such as copper while the unit 300 is formed from
cold-rolled steel. As conduction occurs, the hot and rapidly moving
or vibrating atoms and molecules of the combustion gas in unit 300
interact with neighboring copper atoms and molecules in the finned
plates. Although not a traditional siphon (siphons usually allow
for liquid to drain from a reservoir by means of hydrostatic
pressure without any need for pumping), thermal energy is said to
be "siphoned" to beneficial uses inside and outside of the system.
It is desirable for the finned plates to transfer the heat as
quickly and efficiently as possible. The fins operate similarly but
thermal energy transfer is limited by the terminus of the fin. It
is important to note that one or more of the fins and finned plates
of the disclosed devices may be materially dissimilar one from
another depending on the application involved.
[0092] This embodiment can be used to illustrate how one or more
devices could be tied-in to each other so each singular device can
operate discretely, if desired, and yet be part of a system. For
example, assume that device 200 as shown in FIG. 1B and device 300
as shown in FIG. 1C are separated by a distance but joined by a
continuing finned plate such that P.sub.B equals P.sub.C1. In other
words, the right end of P.sub.B is connected to the left end of
P.sub.C1. Flow via inlet core I.sub.B passes through aperture 250
in finned plate P.sub.B. A portion of the heat is directed towards
fins B.sub.1, B.sub.2, B.sub.n. Some of the available heat however
is transferred via finned plate P.sub.B-P.sub.C1 to unit 300 where
it may be combined with available heat from inlet core I.sub.C
passing through aperture 350. The "siphoned" thermal energy can be
transferred continuously along the pathway provided by the
thermally conductive finned plate P.sub.B-P.sub.C1 until that
pathway is disconnected or interrupted at the terminus of finned
plate P.sub.C1. Because finned plate P.sub.C1 terminates in this
illustration, energy is dissipated to the terminus environment to
the right of unit 300. Here, there are three potential pathways in
the form of P.sub.C1, P.sub.C2 and P.sub.C3 by which thermal energy
may be transferred to some media M.sub.n, each finned plate
operating as a delivery system for heat. Heat may also be
transferred continuously along the pathway provided by the
thermally conductive finned plate P.sub.B-P.sub.C1 until that
pathway is disconnected or interrupted at the terminus of finned
plate P.sub.B, e.g., to the left of unit 200, if so engineered or
if dictated by the thermal gradient.
[0093] With the multiple-staged embodiments disclosed herein, one
single unit could even perform discrete functions. For example, the
lower section of a multi-sectioned unit could be used for a
particular preheating purpose. When a predetermined temperature is
reached for a process such as a turbine, a controller could signal
a blower to force thermal energy into the upper section of the
multi-sectioned unit or along pathway of the finned plate as
desired. To illustrate, the stage formed between finned plates
P.sub.C1 and P.sub.C2 could be designated a preheat stage while the
stage formed between P.sub.C2 and P.sub.C3 could be a primary
heating stage.
[0094] Combustion core inlet I.sub.C is substantially centrally
aligned allowing heat to be directed toward fins C.sub.1, C.sub.2,
C.sub.3 and C.sub.4. Apertures 350, 360 and 370 of finned plates
P.sub.C1, P.sub.C2 and P.sub.C3 are also centrally aligned. As
combustion gas from core inlet I.sub.C comes into contact with a
surface of a fin, some of the gas flows to the edges and corner
areas adjacent the system boundary between the walls and the fins.
Some of the gas also flows to the edges and corner areas adjacent
the system boundary between the walls and the finned plates. Gas is
momentarily entrapped and compressed. Due to the larger surface
area of the finned plate, it is contemplated that gas compression
would occur more prevalently. In addition, it is contemplated that
thermal "siphoning" from a finned plate can occur more quickly than
from a fin because of the finned plate's apertures and the larger
surface of the finned plate; heat transfer may occur more readily
if dictated by the thermal gradient.
[0095] One or more conduits 150, 150A, 150B delivering excess air
can be mounted along the surface of wall 10 or wall 20 so that each
does not interfere with the function of the finned plates or fins.
Entry means can appropriately penetrate wall 10 or 20 to allow the
injection of air. Air can be injected at varying pressures,
concentrations, etc. if desired. It will be apparent to one of
ordinary skill in the art from this disclosure the combustion
environment necessary to achieve the goal for which the disclosed
devices are implemented. Apertures 350, 360 and 370 could be placed
offset to any side in the finned plate if required by the
particular application. As discussed below, a manifold may be
utilized. Because the uppermost finned plate may be the final stage
an heat transfer system, it may be useful to place means to control
the final venting of gases. For example, a finned plate can
comprise an air pollution control means such as scrubber, fluidized
bed, etc. and/or other controls.
[0096] FIG. 1D depicts an embodiment that can provide a great level
of industrial utility. Instead of the conductive fins of the
embodiments shown in FIGS. 1A, 1B and 1C, unit 400 comprises a
series of thermally conductive finned plates D positioned
horizontally, one above the other. A finned plate D.sub.1 extends
across the centrally aligned primary combustion core inlet I.sub.D.
An inner section of each of the D series of finned plates is
mounted substantially transverse the core opening I.sub.D. Discrete
stages are formed between finned plates D.sub.1 and D.sub.2,
D.sub.2 and D.sub.3, etc.
[0097] Flow from core inlet I.sub.D is directed through a series of
apertures 450, 455, 460, 465, 475 and 485 in the finned plates.
Apertures 450, 460 and 475 are offset from the center of finned
plates D.sub.1, D.sub.3 and D.sub.5. Apertures 455, 465 and 485 are
opposingly offset from the center of finned plates D.sub.2, D.sub.4
and D.sub.6. The placement of the apertures can aid in directing
flow through the unit. Flow from core inlet I.sub.D is directed in
a substantially serpentine path as bounded by the apertures of the
D series of finned plates and as shown conceptually by the dotted
lines and arrows. One or more knock out holes (not shown) could be
utilized to direct or enhance the flow of gas. The D series of
finned plates can be selected from materials that are dissimilar
from the material used in the side walls and may be materially
dissimilar one from another.
[0098] As in the cases illustrated above, some of the gases eddy
near the edges and corner areas adjacent the system boundary
between the walls and the D series of finned plates. Gas that is
entrapped can be readily compressed because of the larger surface
area of the finned plate and turbulent flow of the fluid. Molecular
agitations increase in relation to the larger surface of the
disclosed finned plate. The exchanger's performance can also be
affected by the addition of fins or corrugations in one or both
directions which further increase surface area and may channel
fluid flow or further induce turbulence. Due to the placement of
multiple finned plates in this particular embodiment, the heat
exchanger is thus designed to maximize the surface area of the
boundary between the fluids. As stated above, the monolithic and
expandable construction of the finned plate facilitates mounting of
catalytic devices useful for enhancing secondary combustion at the
finned plates. The use of multiple finned plates serves to maximize
thermal energy transfer to other media.
[0099] A conduit delivering excess air can be mounted along the
surface of wall 10 or wall 20 so that it does not interfere with
the function of the finned plates. Given that this embodiment
comprises a series of finned plates, it may be appropriate to
employ a manifold. Entry means (not shown) can appropriately
penetrate wall 10 or 20 to allow the injection of air. Air could be
injected at varying pressures, concentrations, etc. It will be
apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art from this disclosure
the combustion environment necessary to achieve the goal for which
the disclosed devices are implemented. As one example, a conduit
150 could be mounted adjacent walls 10, 20 to aid combustion
adjacent aperture 450. The same or separate conduit could be used
to inject excess air at aperture 460. The shaded areas 450, 460,
475 indicate areas in which catalytic devices may be implemented to
enhance secondary and/or sequential combustion.
[0100] For ease of manufacturing and installation, a plurality of
finned plates can be inserted in respective receiving slots S in
side wall 30 wherein the plurality is press fit in place. An
opposing plurality of finned plates can be inserted in respective
receiving slots S in side wall 40 wherein the plurality of opposing
fins is press fit in place to complete the construction of the
disclosed device. Because of the monolithic and expansive
construction of the finned plates, each may be singularly installed
if desired.
[0101] FIG. 1E provides for an embodiment similar to that shown in
FIG. 1D except that each aperture area 560, 570, 580, 590 and 599
has been shaded to indicate that each finned plate in a system can
integrate a catalytic device to enhance secondary and/or sequential
combustion. In unit 500 a series of thermally conductive finned
plates E are shown. Finned plate E.sub.1 extends across the primary
combustion core inlet I.sub.E. An inner section of each of the E
series of finned plates is mounted substantially transverse the
core opening I.sub.E. Aperture 550 is centrally aligned as are
apertures 560, 570, 580, 590 and 599. Discrete stages are formed
between each of the E series of finned plates. Flow from core inlet
I.sub.E is directed through apertures 550, 560, 570, 580, 590 and
599 in finned plates E.sub.1, E.sub.2, E.sub.3, E.sub.4, E.sub.5
and E.sub.6 in a substantially vertical path as bounded by the
apertures and as shown conceptually by the dotted lines and arrows.
The E series of finned plates can be selected from materials that
are dissimilar from the material used in the side walls and may be
materially dissimilar one with another.
[0102] Although each finned plate in the series may be equipped
with one or more catalytic devices (not shown) and/or oxygen
injectors (see conduit 150), in other embodiments such apparatus
may be mounted in an alternating or stepped fashion (see for
example finned plates E.sub.1, E.sub.3, E.sub.5). Air can be
injected at varying pressures, concentrations, etc. It will be
apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art from this disclosure
the combustion environment necessary to achieve the goal for which
the disclosed devices are implemented. The same or separate conduit
could be used to inject air at the various apertures. In addition,
it may be desirable to utilize a manifold.
[0103] In the embodiment of FIG. 1F flow is directed in a
substantially vertical pathway through the implementation of a
number of finned plates mounted horizontally above a
centrally-aligned primary core inlet. In unit 600 a series of
thermally conductive finned plates F are used. Finned plate F.sub.1
extends across core inlet I.sub.F. An inner section of each of the
F series of finned plates is mounted substantially transverse the
core opening I.sub.F. Aperture 650 is centrally aligned as are
apertures 660, 670, 680, 690 and 699. Flow from core inlet I.sub.F
is directed through apertures 650, 660, 670, 680, 690 and 699 in
respective finned plates F.sub.1, F.sub.2, F.sub.3, F.sub.4,
F.sub.5 and F.sub.6. In this embodiment, flow can be augmented with
heat from one or more cores 655 capable of housing a heat-carrying
medium. As illustrated by the dotted lines, cores 655 could extend
beyond walls 10, 20. Alternately, unit 600 could be modified to
house the length of cores 655. The F series of finned plates can be
selected from materials that are dissimilar from the material used
in the unit's walls and may be materially dissimilar one from
another.
[0104] In an embodiment employing an augmentation core 655, heat
can be directed from core inlet I.sub.F through aperture 650 of
finned plate F.sub.1 and around hollow tube/core 655 so that it may
contact the overlying finned plate F.sub.2 (assuming that hollow
tube/core 655 sustains a higher temperature region). Heat
dissipating from hollow tube/core 655 can also be transferred to
finned plate F.sub.2. In this fashion, finned plate F.sub.2 and
each subsequent finned plate in the system is capable of collecting
and conducting thermal energy until each terminates in a second,
third, fourth, etc. medium. It is contemplated that hollow
tube/core 655 could allow for the use of a liquid or gas
medium.
[0105] The design of this embodiment can lend itself to use with
atomic fuel sources. In such an alternate configuration, hollow
tube/core 655 could house a nuclear rod. Because the rod(s) could
be a consistent source of heat depending on the material, one or
more of the F series of finned plates having a lower temperature
region would invariably create the necessary temperature gradient
for heat transfer to occur. In the atomic energy embodiment, the F
series of finned plates could be capable of collecting and
conducting thermal energy over long distances until each
terminates. In another alternate embodiment, the augmentation cores
are replaced by a nuclear rod mounted vertically in the apparatus,
passing through the centrally-aligned apertures. It is contemplated
that the FIG. 1F embodiment can also be implemented in the
industrial boiler industry, in applications having stable liquids
environments and for electric power generation by means of
steam.
[0106] It is contemplated that one or more of the finned plates may
be physically connected to each other as further described below.
In addition, one or more cores can be connected if so
engineered.
[0107] FIGS. 3A to 3C illustrate the utility of the embodiment of
FIG. 1B. It is contemplated that the devices disclosed herein could
be used in indoor and outdoor applications for domestic and
commercial purposes, e.g. for heating, for cooking, for
agricultural/farm purposes as well as for light industrial
applications. It is recognized that some heat transfer to the
surrounding environment will be primarily through radiation, but
the discussions herein will primarily involve conduction.
[0108] As shown in FIG. 3A a four-walled heat exchanger 710 is
equipped with four fins B in furnace embodiment 700. Finned plate
720 overlies a combustion chamber 730 which may vary in shape and
form. To facilitate the ability of core inlet I to receive heat
from chamber 730, a blower or fan may be utilized. Though not
shown, the blower/fan could be located below or behind the
combustion chamber. An induction unit could also be used if
suitable for the application. If the heat exchanger embodiment is
to be positioned against a wall or structure, it may be desirable
to also locate the air moving means adjacent the unit. An ash
pullout bin 780 can be placed below chamber 730 for
convenience.
[0109] Aperture 750 is centrally aligned. Fins B originate from an
inner portion of device 710 and extend outwardly through each of
walls 30, 40. In some cases, device 710 could be cylindrical. Heat
from aperture 750 is directed through device 710 as shown by the
dotted lines and arrows. One or more catalytic devices (not shown)
and/or oxygen injectors (not shown) can be strategically mounted so
as not to interfere with the function of finned plate 720 but to
aid in enhancing combustion. A portion of available heat is
collected by finned plate 720 and transferred along the pathway
until finned plate 720 terminates. In this embodiment, fins B and
finned plate 720 terminate in the same medium or the atmosphere
760. Heat transfer between media 760, 770 occurs if there is a
temperature gradient at the system boundary.
[0110] If finned plate 720 were to extend into another medium,
e.g., an adjacent room at a lower temperature M.sub.n, flow from
aperture 750 could be delivered to that medium M.sub.n. Thus, the
fins could be used to conduct heat to medium 760 while the finned
plate could be used to conduct heat to subsequent adjacent media
M.sub.n. Although not shown, it is contemplated that fin devices
may be installed in the back wall or side walls of the combustion
chamber 730 of furnace 700. In addition, the fin devices can be
installed in the unit's hood and/or stack. In this way, heat from
the chamber can be transferred along the available pathways for
beneficial uses.
[0111] In the FIG. 3A embodiment, furnace 700 comprises a finned
plate 720 and four fins B. It is important to note that any number
of fin-to-finned plate combinations could be employed depending on
the goal to be achieved. For example, one embodiment could be
equipped one finned plate and eight fins. Another embodiment could
be equipped with just fins and another could be equipped with just
finned plates. It will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the
art from this disclosure the suitable fin device configurations to
implement. A unit could be made transportable with the addition of
wheels. Some units may be small enough so as to be carried.
[0112] In FIG. 3B is shown a retrofit unit to be implemented in
conjunction with a device such as an existing residential wood
burning stove, i.e., a cast-iron pot-belly stove (not shown). Since
it is contemplated that the unit would replace an existing flue
pipe, in operation, heat exchanger 800 could be mounted atop the
stove and in-line with the flue pipe of the stove. Although the
retrofit could be permanently mounted to the stove, it may be
desirable to temporarily affix the unit or have it be movable and
inspectable for maintenance purposes.
[0113] Heat exchanger 800 is equipped with five fins B. A
partitioning wall 810 divides fins B.sub.1, B.sub.3, B.sub.5 and
fins B.sub.2, B.sub.4. Finned plate 820 overlies the combustion
chamber (not shown) of the stove (not shown). A blower/fan 830 may
be used to force air movement. Here, fins B originate from an inner
portion of device 800 adjacent partitioning wall 810 and extend
outwardly through walls 30, 40. In some cases, walls 30, 40 could
be cylindrical.
[0114] Heat from aperture 850 is directed through device 800.
Catalytic devices (not shown) and/or oxygen injectors (not shown)
can be utilized if suitable. A portion of available heat is
collected by finned plate 820 and transferred along the provided
pathway. Air from blower 830 can be used to cool the sides and the
rear of unit 800 to optimize heat transfer. Heat can be ventilated
from units 800 by means of vents 860.
[0115] It is important to note that any number of fin-to-finned
plate combinations could be employed depending on the goal to be
achieved. In the FIG. 3B embodiment, unit 800 comprises a finned
plate 820 and five fins B. Another embodiment could be equipped one
finned plate and six fins and so forth. Also, the retrofits could
be incorporated into service with furnaces fired by any number of
carbonaceous fuel sources, e.g., solid, fossil, biomass, tires,
propane, mixed fuels (such as trash, garbage, waste oils), etc. It
will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art from this
disclosure the suitable arrangement to employ.
[0116] A dual-unit retrofit is shown in FIG. 3C. Like the
embodiment of FIG. 3B, this retrofit unit can be implemented in
conjunction with a device such as an existing residential wood
burning stove. In effect the existing flue pipe of the stove
(typically about 6'' to about 8'' diameter) is replaced with heat
exchanger 900. The lower unit 910 is equipped with five fins B and
a respective partitioning wall 911. The upper unit 915 is shown
equipped with seven fins B and a respective partitioning wall 916.
Finned plate 920 overlies the combustion chamber (not shown) of the
stove (not shown). A blower/fan 912, 917 may be used to force air
movement. Here, fins B originate from an inner portion of devices
910, 915 and extend outwardly through walls 30, 40, which could be
cylindrical if desired.
[0117] Heat from aperture 950 is directed through device 910.
Catalytic devices (not shown) and/or oxygen injectors (not shown)
can be utilized if suitable. A portion of available heat is
collected by finned plate 920 and transferred along the provided
pathway. Air from blower 912, 917 can be used to cool the sides and
the rear of respective units 910, 915 to optimize heat transfer.
Heat is ventilated from units 910, 915 by means of vents 913, 918,
respectively.
[0118] In the FIG. 3C embodiment, the dual-unit retrofit comprises
a finned plate 920 in the lower unit 910. It is contemplated,
however, that both the upper and the lower units could each
comprise a finned plate. In addition, any number of fin
combinations and fin/finned plate combinations could be used
depending on the goal to be achieved. For example, one embodiment
could be equipped with five fins and one finned plate in a lower
unit and six fins in an upper unit. Another embodiment could be
equipped with five fins and one finned plate in each of a lower and
an upper unit. Another embodiment could be equipped with just
finned plates. Any number of combinations is possible. It will be
apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art from this disclosure
the suitable fin and/or finned plate configuration.
[0119] FIGS. 4A to 4B illustrate how the device of FIG. 1D can be
incorporated into a residential heating program. As shown in FIG.
4A, a four-walled heat exchanger 1010 is equipped with three finned
plates in furnace embodiment 1000. Finned plate D.sub.1 overlies a
combustion chamber 1020 which may vary in shape and form. Each of
the finned plates extends outwardly through walls 30, 40. In some
cases, device 1010 could be cylindrical.
[0120] To facilitate the ability of core inlet I to receive heat
from chamber 1020, air movement means may be utilized. An ash
pullout bin 1030 can be placed below chamber 1020 for convenience.
Aperture 1050 is centrally aligned. Heat from aperture 1050 is
directed through device 1010. One or more catalytic devices (not
shown) and/or oxygen injectors (not shown) can be strategically
mounted so as not to interfere with the function of the finned
plates but may aid in enhancing combustion. Combustion air for the
furnace can come from domestic or outside air intakes by means of
adjustable louvers.
[0121] Flow from core inlet I is directed through apertures 1050,
1065, 1075. A portion of available heat is collected by each of the
finned plates and transferred along the provided pathways. In this
embodiment, the finned plates terminate in the same medium or the
atmosphere 1060. Heat transfer between media 1060, 1070 occurs if
there is a temperature gradient at the system boundary. Heat of
medium 1060 is directed to ducting 1080 where it may be delivered
to the living space and medium 1070 by vents V. Heat of medium 1060
may also be directly ventilated from unit 1000 by means of vents
locatable in the front of the apparatus.
[0122] Although not shown, it is contemplated that fins and/or
finned plates may be installed in the back wall or side walls of
the combustion chamber 1020 of furnace 1000. In this way, heat flow
in the chamber can be transferred along those pathways for
beneficial uses. Any number of fin combinations and fin/finned
plate combinations could be used depending on the goal to be
achieved. It will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art
from this disclosure the suitable fin and/or finned plate
configuration.
[0123] In FIG. 4B is shown a heating system utilizing a
free-standing open space heating apparatus commonly seen in a
lodge. A four-walled heat exchanger 1110 is equipped with four
finned plates in furnace embodiment 1100. Finned plate D.sub.1
overlies a combustion chamber 1120 which may vary in shape and
form. Each of the finned plates extends outwardly through walls 30,
40. In some cases device 1110 could be cylindrical.
[0124] To facilitate the ability of core inlet I to receive heat
from chamber 1120, air movement means would be utilized. For
example, an extractor hood (not shown) could be mounted in unit
1100 for forced ventilation. One or more catalytic devices (not
shown) and/or oxygen injectors (not shown) could be utilized to aid
in combustion.
[0125] Flow from core inlet I is directed through apertures 1150,
1155, 1165, 1175. A portion of available heat is collected by each
of the finned plates and transferred along the provided pathways.
In this embodiment, the finned plates terminate in the same medium
or the atmosphere 1160. Heat transfer between media 1160, 1170
occurs if there is a temperature gradient at the system boundary.
The heat of medium 1160 is directed to ducting 1180 where it may be
delivered to the living space and medium 1170 by vents V.
[0126] As was discussed above, the finned plate disclosed herein
may extend outwardly from the core in conceivably all directions.
As long as there is a temperature gradient across a system
boundary, the finned plate could conduct heat to any number of
media. In FIG. 5A is shown a media profile. The starting point of
heat conduction is the region having the highest temperature. In
this illustration, the starting point is point "A" which is also
referred to as the primary medium M.sub.1. In the case of a finned
plate having contact with the primary medium, the region having the
highest temperature on the finned plate is also point "A". In this
illustration, point "B" is located to the left of primary medium
M.sub.1 while point "C" is located to the right of primary medium
M.sub.1. Points B and C are located in fifth medium M.sub.5. If
points "B" and "C" are the desired ending points, both ends of a
finned plate P would be designed to terminate in M.sub.5. If points
"C" and "D" are the desired ending points, one end of a finned
plate P would be designed to terminate in M.sub.5 while the other
end would be designed to terminate in M.sub.6. Any number of
combinations is possible. For example, one end of a finned plate
could extend into M.sub.3 while the other end could extend into
M.sub.2. In a symmetrical design, the finned plate could terminate
in the same media such as the illustration above with points "B"
and "C" where each end terminates in M.sub.5. Multiple media
M.sub.n are contemplated, each potentially becoming a heat transfer
interface to bring about the thermal energy "siphoning" process. It
will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art from this
disclosure how to control and/or modify the heat transfer rate to
achieve the goal for which the disclosed devices are
implemented.
[0127] To ensure that heat transfer at each surface boundary is
optimized, a good seal between each medium should be achieved. All
points of contact between media or environments should be sealed to
prevent leakage therefrom so as to prevent losses (or cross
contamination) and thereby maximize the amount of heat transferred.
Therefore, it is conceivable that heat could be prevented from
dissipating in one or more media. A system could be designed so
that heat can "bypass" a medium by means of insulators or other
controls so that it may be transferred to a destined medium.
[0128] In this illustration, it is stated the starting point is
point "A" or the region having the highest temperature on the
finned plate (also point "A"). It is to be understood, however,
that with respect to the devices disclosed herein, the starting
point of heat conduction may vary, e.g. in applications involving
cooling where heat may travel inwardly or where heat dissipation
has occurred in which cases heat may travel inwardly and outwardly
as engineered. Here, the depiction of multiple finned plates serves
to illustrate that it is possible to create multiple tiers of heat
exchange which may extend in any configuration of directions. Using
appropriate insulating means, the system can be designed so as to
direct heat in any desired direction. For example, if desired, one
embodiment of the disclosed device could direct heat from a
stationary unit using one or more finned plates but only in the z
direction.
[0129] FIG. 5B depicts how the finned plates could be looped so as
to provide energy for its own system. Assuming that the starting
point of heat conduction is "A" and ignoring for now the dotted
lines, it can be seen that heat can be transferred to media M.sub.1
and M.sub.1 via finned plate 1204 and to media M.sub.2 and M.sub.1
via finned plate 1201. Similarly, heat can be transferred to media
M.sub.2 and M.sub.3 via finned plate 1205. With finned plates 1202,
1203 heat from point "A" that is dissipating via plate 1203 can be
looped back to point "A" if desired by running the appropriate
medium in plate 1202. This is one advantage of looping finned
plates. To achieve this, the ends of finned plates 1202, 1203 can
be physically tied together.
[0130] A greater advantage of looping finned plates is to adjust
the temperature of one or more media for a desired use. Using
finned plates 1205 and 1201 to illustrate, assume that the left
ends of the plates are physically tied together (see dotted lines)
such that both finned plates communicate with a medium M.sub.3.
Because finned plate 1205 is close to the heat source, a
substantially large amount of heat can be readily transferred to
media M.sub.3, whereby the temperature T.sub.1 of M.sub.3 at depth
d.sub.1 adjacent finned plate 1205 is raised to T.sub.2. As the
fluid mixes, the temperature of M.sub.3 at depth d.sub.2 may not be
T.sub.2. Because mixing occurs in M.sub.3 the temperature of
M.sub.3 at depth d.sub.2 may be lower than what is required, e.g.,
for heating a boiler medium. If necessary, the temperature of
M.sub.3 at depth d.sub.2 may be augmented by heat transferred via
finned plate 1201. Since finned plate 1201 is not as close to the
heat source as finned plate 1204, it may be useful to implement a
combustion device adjacent the aperture (point "A") of finned plate
1201 to generate heat for transfer to media M.sub.3. In some
instances it may be desirable to slow down the amount and rate of
heat transferred. The devices disclosed herein can incorporate
media having single or multiple pass flows, parallel flows,
counterflows, cross-flows, etc. within or adjacent the devices. Any
number of combinations is possible. It will be apparent to one of
ordinary skill in the art from this disclosure how to implement the
controls necessary to achieve the goal for which the disclosed
devices are implemented.
[0131] One or more of the disclosed devices can be grouped to form
a collective system or gang of devices. An example of a vertical
gang of devices can be seen in the retrofit of FIG. 3C. Although
examples of the disclosed devices will be discussed below, any
number of configurations is possible and should not be limited
thereto.
[0132] FIG. 6A provides an illustration of how the disclosed
devices could be tied together. Here, three FIG. 1D units are
joined. Though it appears that the three units are in series, in
application they could be configured as suitable. For example, one
unit may be positioned in an end of a row of townhouses while the
others could be situated in the same or different rows or
staggered. Not only can the devices be aligned linearly, a grid
pattern may be achieved using appropriate piping and ducting. It
will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art from this
disclosure the placement of the finned plates and tie-ins necessary
to achieve the goal for which the disclosed devices are
implemented.
[0133] In system 1300 units 1301, 1302 and 1303 each comprise a
four-walled heat exchanger 1310A, 1310B and 1310C, respectively.
Finned plate 1320 is common to devices 1310A, 1310B and 1310C.
Specifically, a portion of finned plate 1320 overlies combustion
chambers 1331, 1332 and 1333. Finned plate 1330 is common to
devices 1310A, 1310B and 1310C.
[0134] Finned plates 1340, 1350 and 1360, on the other hand,
pertain respectively to devices 1301, 1302 and 1303. Finned plate
1340 extends to the left through media M.sub.2 and M.sub.1 and to
the right through media M.sub.3, M.sub.4, M.sub.5, and M.sub.6.
Finned plate 1350 extends to the left through media M.sub.10,
M.sub.9, M.sub.8, M.sub.7 and M.sub.6 and to the right through
media M.sub.11, M.sub.12, M.sub.13, and M.sub.14. Finned plate 1360
extends to the left through media M.sub.16, M.sub.15, and M.sub.14
and to the right through media M.sub.17 and M.sub.18.
[0135] It is important to note that the numbering of each of the
media M is for illustrative purposes. In some cases, one medium
could be a unique medium unto itself and in other cases it may
designate a medium in common with another. For example, M.sub.2 and
M.sub.3 could comprise the same cooling fluid, whereas M.sub.6
could comprise a fluid unique to itself. In some cases however,
M.sub.8 and M.sub.13 could comprise two different media even though
the illustration shows the media are interrelated, and so forth. It
is contemplated (but not shown) that each unit in the gang of
devices could be distant from one another but the media could still
be in communication. Therefore, in a different configuration,
M.sub.3 which is shown adjacent heat exchanger 1310A could
communicate with M.sub.11, as an example, which is shown adjacent
heat exchanger 1310B.
[0136] Heat from apertures 1370A, 1370B and 1370C is directed
through devices 1310A, 1310B and 1310C. A portion of available heat
is collected by finned plate 1320 and transferred along its length.
In this illustration, heat from units 1301, 1302 and 1303 passing
through devices 1310A, 1310B and 1310C may be vented as 1301A,
1302A and 1303A. If desired, heat from 1370A can be transferred via
1320, 1340 and 1330 over various distances to positions in media
M.sub.1 and M.sub.2 as well as to positions in media M.sub.3,
M.sub.4, M.sub.5, M.sub.6 and so on and dissipated at the same or
different rates depending on the selected media and as depicted
generally by the arrows. Heat from 1370B can be transferred via
1320, 1350 and 1330 over various distances to positions in, for
example, media M.sub.6, M.sub.7, M.sub.8, M.sub.9, M.sub.10 as well
as to positions in media M.sub.11, M.sub.12, M.sub.13, M.sub.14 and
dissipated at the same or different rates depending on the selected
media and as depicted generally by the arrows. Similarly, heat from
1370C can be transferred via 1320, 1360 and 1330 over various
distances to positions in, for example, media M.sub.14, M.sub.15,
M.sub.16 as well as to positions in media M.sub.17, M.sub.18 and
dissipated at the same or different rates depending on the selected
media and as depicted generally by the arrows. Heat transfer
between media occurs as long as there is a temperature gradient at
the system boundary. Thus, it is possible to create a dissipation
of heat in a desired medium by proper placement of the finned plate
and selection of the media. As in the other embodiments, it will be
apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art from this disclosure
how to implement catalytic devices, oxygen injectors, and
blowers/fans (all not shown) so as to achieve the goal for which
the disclosed devices are implemented.
[0137] Heat dissipates unless it is insulated from doing so.
Therefore, heat can also be ventilated from units 1301, 1302 and
1303 by means of vents (not shown). Also not shown are the fin
devices that may be installed in the back wall or side walls of the
combustion chambers 1331, 1332 and 1333 of units 1301, 1302 and
1303, respectively. In addition, the fin devices can be installed
in the hoods and/or stacks. In this way, heat flow in the chamber
can be transferred along those pathways for beneficial uses.
Exchangers 1310A, 1310B, 13010C could be cylindrical. An ash bin
1381, 1382 and 1383 can be placed below combustion chambers 1331,
1332 and 1333 for convenience.
[0138] In FIG. 6B the units introduced in FIGS. 1C and 1D can be
joined to form a collective system or gang of devices. Here, two
FIG. 1D units are joined to a FIG. 1C unit. Two of the units are
shown in series with the third unit being offset at a distance. In
application, each group of units could be configured as is
suitable. Not only can the devices be aligned linearly, a grid
pattern may also be achieved. It will be apparent to one of
ordinary skill in the art from this disclosure the appropriate
engineering and design necessary to achieve the goal for which the
disclosed devices are implemented. See for example FIG. 9C.
[0139] In system 1400 units 1401, 1402 and 1403 each comprise a
heat exchanger 1410, 1420 and 1430 respectively having any desired
configuration, e.g., rectangular and cylindrical (as shown),
trapezoidal, pyramid-shaped, etc. Heat exchanger 1410 is equipped
with finned plates 1411 and 1412 and fins 1413, 1414, 1415 and
1416. The fins in this embodiment originate in medium A. The fins
and finned plates terminate in medium M.sub.1. Medium M.sub.2
represents some environment adjacent the unit 1401. Heat exchanger
1420 is equipped with finned plates 1421, 1422, 1423, 1424, 1425
and 1426. The finned plates in this embodiment terminate in medium
M.sub.4. Medium M.sub.3 represents some environment adjacent units
1401 and 1402. Medium M.sub.5 represents some environment adjacent
units 1402 and 1403.
[0140] Heat exchanger 1430 is equipped with finned plates 1431,
1432, 1433 and 1434. Finned plates 1433 and 1434 terminate in media
M.sub.6. One end of finned plate 1431 also terminates in media
M.sub.6; however its other end extends to the right through media
M.sub.6 and terminates in M.sub.7. One end of finned plate 1432
also terminates in media M.sub.7; however its other end extends to
the left through media M.sub.6 and terminates in M.sub.5. Medium
M.sub.8 represents some environment adjacent the unit 1403 that is
not M.sub.7.
[0141] FIG. 7A depicts an embodiment of the disclosed device
adapted for use with an internal combustion engine. Heat from the
exhaust manifold 1502 of an internal combustion engine 1501 is
directed into heater/muffler unit 1500.
[0142] In heater/muffler unit 1500 apertures 1505 of finned plates
1506 serve to create orifices through which exhaust and sound waves
pass. When a sound wave encounters an aperture 1505, a muffling
effect takes place before the sound exits by means of conduit 1510.
Part of the wave may be reflected back to the unit's back wall or
against other finned plates which can also help to reduce sound.
When exhaust encounters an aperture 1505, heat present in the gas
can be transferred via finned plates 1506 to media or chamber 1508.
Intake air from a car's cabin (not shown) enters via conduit 1504
and can be used for reheating purposes after it passes by the
terminus ends of finned plates 1505 in media 1508. A portion of
heat can be transferred to the atmosphere within the cabin via
conduit 1503 by means of recirculated intake air. Oxygen injectors
1511 can be strategically mounted so as not to interfere with the
function of the finned plates but to aid in enhancing combustion.
Not only can finned plates 1505 provide a baffling function which
can help to reduce sound, they can utilize the exhaust gas for
heating the car's cabin (not shown). After being utilized, the
exhaust exits by means of conduit 1510. Alternately, heated air can
be routed to an adjacent domestic living space. In this latter
embodiment (not shown), the exhaust could originate from an
internal combustion engine on a trailer. It is conceivable that the
heat source could also be a nuclear rod mounted laterally in the
apparatus, passing through centrally-aligned apertures.
[0143] As stated herein, the finned plates can be selected from
materials that are dissimilar from the material used in the unit's
walls having relatively low conductivity, and preferably from
materials that promote the amount of heat transfer desired. The
finned plates may also be selected from materials that are known to
be catalysts. If one or more of the finned plates were constructed
of a ceramic coated with a metal catalyst, e.g., platinum, rhodium
and/or palladium, the device would function as a catalytic
converter to help reduce the nitrogen oxide emissions as well as
the amount of unburned hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide.
[0144] FIG. 7B depicts an embodiment of the disclosed device
adapted for use with a cooling pan exposed to moving air. Though
the illustration shows unit 1600 positioned laterally, it can have
vertical utility. Medium 1601 contained in housing 1602 is in
direct communication with one or more finned plates 1603. Finned
plates 1603 are mounted in receiving slots S substantially
perpendicular to housing 1602. The contact points along slots S
should be sealed to ensure a discrete boundary wall between the
unit's wall and the finned plates. The ends of the one or more
finned plates 1603 are connected to lateral plates 1604, 1605.
[0145] A heat source (not shown) can be mounted so as to
communicate with one of the lateral plates, either 1604 or 1605.
The other lateral plate extends into an outer atmosphere or medium
exposed to a cross flow of air. Heat present in the lateral plate
adjacent the heat source is transferred to the outer lateral plate
exposed to the cross flow of air. Thus, the heat source may be
cooled.
[0146] It is contemplated that the position of an inner plate (as
it relates to an adjacent heat source) may be shifted based on the
amount of cooling required. For example, a thermostat (not shown)
could communicate a signal to increase or decrease the distance
between the heat source and the inner plate. If the distance
between the heat source and the inner plate is relatively small,
whereby more cooling is required, this could also signal the device
creating the cross flow of air to increase its throughput. This
device may be useful in applications relating to large main frame
computers. In addition, the room air present in a building (not
shown) may be drawn by a fan to the inner lateral plate so that the
heat may be transferred to the cooler air atmosphere. Like the
device of FIG. 1A, a conduit can be connected to the outer lateral
plate to transfer heat from the plate to other uses or media
M.sub.n.
[0147] Embodiment 1650 of FIG. 7C resembles the embodiment shown in
FIG. 1A except that the connecting plates 160 of device 100 connect
a staggered pair of fins A while the connecting plates 1660, 1661
of device 1650 connect an aligned set of fins 1603. The set can
comprise a pair of fins, or three or four fins, and so on.
Connecting plates 1660 can be mounted adjacent a heat source and
separated from said heat source by an adjustable distance.
Connecting plates 1661 can be mounted adjacent a cooling medium.
Heat from the heat source can be transferred from connecting plates
1660 to connecting plates 1661. Like device 1600 disclosed in FIG.
7B the position of connecting plates 1660 may be shifted based on
the amount of cooling required. However, here the position of
connecting plates 1660 can be shifted independent from one another.
One or more conduits (not shown) can also be connected to
connecting plates 1661 can be used to transfer the collected heat
to other uses or media M.sub.n.
[0148] Although not shown, an embodiment could comprise one or more
embodiments 1600 and/or 1650 connected serially. Alternately, one
or more fins 1603 could extend through various media. For example,
a device 1600 could be mounted vertically in relation to a heated
wall of a main frame. Fins 1603 are thus positioned substantially
perpendicular in relation to the heated wall. It is contemplated
that fins 1603 originating in a medium M.sub.1 could extend through
a medium M.sub.2 and terminate in a medium M.sub.3. One or more
conduits housing a cooling medium can be mounted in a portion of a
fin 1603 to carry heat to one or more uses or media.
[0149] FIGS. 8A, 8B depicts a heat exchanger 1700 that can function
as a housing for a source of heat to be transferred from the
housing core 1710. A source of heat (not shown) could take the form
of an armature, shaft, nuclear rod, etc. Heat exchanger 1700
comprises a round finned plate structure 1720 comprising ribs or
extensions 1725 which radiate outwardly through medium M.sub.2.
Heat from the heat source is collected and conducted by means of
inner tube 1723 and ribs 1725 to the outer tube 1728 of finned
plate 1720. As shown in FIG. 8B a medium M.sub.2 can be utilized to
promote a thermal gradient. In this illustration, medium M.sub.2 is
housed in a tube 1730 that encapsulates inner tube 1723. One having
skill in the art would understand that the device's core 1710 may
also receive heat from the surface of device 1700, whereby heat is
transferred inwardly, if so engineered.
[0150] It is contemplated that M.sub.2 in FIGS. 8A and 8B may
comprise a porous medium that can provide for heat storage and
dissipation. For example, the porous medium could take the form of
an aggregate such as concrete which is also formable and/or
moldable. The advantage of using concrete for example, would be a
low cost method of casting in place one or more sections of a heat
transfer device. This way, the heat can be collected and dispersed
evenly through the concrete encasement or aggregate structure.
[0151] In an alternate embodiment (not shown), heat exchanger 1700
could comprise flexible elements so as to be wrapped around a heat
source. Inner tube 1723 is positioned adjacent a heat source
whereby heat is collected and conducted by means of inner tube 1723
and ribs 1725 to the outer tube 1728 of finned plate 1720.
[0152] In another alternate embodiment (not shown), a heat
exchanger 1700 could comprise a mesh sheet. To illustrate, it may
be useful to envision the unrolling of a flexible version of heat
exchanger 1700. In an unrolled assemblage, outer tube 1728 of
finned plate 1720 becomes the lower outer edges of the sheet
embodiment. Ribs 1725 become vertical extensions of the sheet
having a thickness t. Inner tube 1728 of finned plate 1720 becomes
the upper outer edges of the sheet embodiment. This type of
embodiment could have uses in composites, specialty woven products,
textiles, performance fabrics, fiber reinforced materials, etc.
[0153] FIG. 9A depicts an embodiment of the disclosed device
adapted for long distance transfer of heat. A section 1801 of heat
exchanger 1800 comprises at least one round finned plate structure
1820 having a thickness (not shown). Finned plate 1820 comprises
ribs 1825 which radiate outwardly through media M.sub.1 and M.sub.2
from an inner ring 1823 to outer ring 1827. Heat is collected at
outer ring 1827 (or at ends 1829 of one or more ribs 1825) and
conducted therefrom by means of ribs 1825 and inner ring 1823 to
core 1810. It is contemplated that one or more sections 1801 can be
connected one to another via known fastening means and
substantially aligned so as to construct a system capable of making
long distance transfers of heat.
[0154] As stated herein, the disclosed devices seek to implement
finned plates and the use of temperatures of various media so as to
optimize the opportunities to recover and make beneficial use of
waste heat. In this illustration, medium M.sub.1 is housed in tube
1830 which encapsulates inner ring 1823. Medium M.sub.2 is housed
in tube 1840 coincident with outer ring 1827. Cylinder 1850 serves
as a protective sleeve which encases the finned plate(s) 1820 and
core 1810. Cylinder 1850 could comprise a solar membrane or a
low-reflectivity skin that can effectively absorb heat. M.sub.3
denotes a medium between tube 1840 and cylinder 1850 and may
comprise an insulating medium to control thermal energy dissipation
during long distance or long range thermal energy transfers. A
female slot/connector on the inner surface of cylinder 1850 can be
designed to receive a male end of a connector located on outer ring
1827 (or vice versa) when cylinder 1850 is slipped over finned
plate(s) 1820. M.sub.X represents the environment adjacent unit
1800. M.sub.X may or may not have the same thermal value at various
points along the length of heat exchanger 1800.
[0155] Because thermal energy spontaneously flows from one object
to another where there is a temperature difference between objects
in proximity, heat transfer between the objects cannot be stopped;
it can only be slowed down. Core 1810 may be hollow or solid
depending on the application and comprises a substantially cool
center. As contemplated, heat will be transferred to the system's
core 1810 where it can then be directed (work is performed on the
system) to beneficial uses downstream. Because the disclosed device
is capable of making long distance transfers of heat, heat can be
directed to one or more utilities ducted into the system as shown
or some medium M.sub.n. In this illustration, point A is shown to
be the initial collection point. This device can be used to
transfer heat in solids, liquids, or gas. It is also contemplated
that the device could house a nuclear rod or armature in its
core.
[0156] It is well known that, in the absence of work, thermal
energy transitions spontaneously from the areas of high temperature
to areas of low temperature. Heat is the amount of energy dispersed
to a system at temperature T from the surroundings at a temperature
that is only slightly higher than temperature T, e.g., at one
degree differential (or vice versa) from the system at only a
slightly higher temperature than the surroundings at temperature T.
Because the temperatures can be small, the gradual dispersal of
heat in either direction is essentially reversible. When two bodies
of different temperature come into thermal contact, they will
exchange internal energy until their temperatures are equalized
thermally. Thus, energy of all kinds disperses or spreads out if it
is not hindered from doing so.
[0157] As fluid carrying heat travels through the core 1810, heat
will attempt to disperse to a cooler medium. To control heat
dissipation as a liquid travels through the device carrying heat
for beneficial uses; insulators or other entropic controls may be
utilized to prevent undesired heat loss and to pull heat back to
the core, thereby ensuring that the available heat may be
transferred to a destined medium. It is well-known that the system
will attempt to reach a point where cylinder 1850, finned plate(s)
1820 and core 1810 will be at the same temperature. In this
situation, nothing else can happen although heat exists in the
system. As there are no more heat transfers, the heat would be
unable to do useful work. Therefore, various media may be employed
to influence the entropy of the system and ensure heat transfers.
Also, the finned plate(s) 1820 may be strategically placed to draw
heat back to the core. It will be apparent to one of ordinary skill
in the art from this disclosure how to employ the media and place
the finned plates to achieve the goal for which the disclosed
devices are implemented. In addition, a skilled artisan would
understand that heat can be transferred outwardly from core 1810 if
so engineered.
[0158] FIGS. 9B, 9C depict a gang of heat exchangers that also
incorporate the utility of the long distance transfer of heat
described in FIG. 9A. It is contemplated that this system could be
used on the industrial scale since it can incorporate thermal
energy from multiple fuel sources. System 1900 comprises four heat
exchanger units 1901, 1902, 1903 and 1904 that are each capable of
receiving waste heat from industrial processes. In this
application, units 1901, 1902, 1903 and 1904 would likely comprise
the technology of units 400, 500 as shown in FIGS. 1D, 1E. Those
embodiments utilize a series of thermally conductive finned plates
positioned horizontally, one above the other. In application, units
1901, 1902, 1903 and 1904 could derive waste heat from boilers,
industrial incinerators, e.g. facilities that to burn fuels such as
mixed waste and/or biomass.
[0159] The heat from one or more of units 1901, 1902, 1903, 1904
can be transferred to junction 1905 by means of one or more finned
plates FP that are thermally connected thereto. Junction 1905 is
similar to the initial collection point "A" described above in FIG.
8A. It is contemplated that core 1910 shown in FIG. 9A is a tube
containing liquids, gases, or solids capable of carrying heat from
junction 1905. Though not to be limited to these applications, heat
transferred via the material in core 1910 could be used to power
industrial scale electrical power and utility plants. Core 1910 may
be hollow or solid and comprises a substantially cool center. As
contemplated, heat will be transferred to the system's core 1910
where it can then be directed (work is performed on the system) to
beneficial uses downstream. Because the disclosed device is capable
of making long distance transfers of heat, heat can be directed to
one or more utilities U.sub.n or media M.sub.n. It is also
contemplated that if a particular unit is out of service for
scheduled maintenance, as an example, or underperforming, the other
units could still function to recover and transfer waste heat to
junction 1905 as designed.
[0160] The heat from one or more of units 1901, 1902, 1903, 1904
need not be routed to a junction 1905 as it can be directly ducted
to core 1910 from 1901, 1902, 1903, 1904 independently. With the
technology disclosed herein, heat from one or more of units 1901,
1902, 1903, 1904 may also be transferred directly to one or more
utilities X.sub.n or media M.sub.n. Heat can also be transferred to
one or more of units 1901, 1902, 1903, 1904 themselves for use
therein. It will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art
from this disclosure how to configure the finned plates, ducting,
and associated devices to achieve the goal for which the disclosed
devices are implemented.
[0161] FIGS. 10A, 10B show how finned plate technology may be
adapted for use with solar heat. It is well known that the process
of concentrating sunlight on an object can create the high
temperatures necessary to undertake a variety of power
applications. In FIG. 10A a heat exchanger unit 2100 is capable of
receiving radiative heat that is transferred directly into its
surface 2110. In this application, unit 2100 comprises a series of
thermally conductive finned plates 2120 in a cylindrical housing
2130. Surface 2110 could comprise a solar membrane or a
low-reflectivity skin that can effectively absorb heat.
[0162] A lower end 2101 of unit 2100 is positioned below ground.
Utilizing the cool temperatures of the earth (medium M.sub.1) as
well as cool air adjacent the earth (media M.sub.2, M.sub.3), it is
contemplated that the core 2140 can be maintained at a lower
temperature than surface 2110. Heat from surface 2110 is delivered
to a central core location 2140 via finned plates 2120. It is
contemplated that core 2140 is a cylinder containing liquids or
gases capable of carrying heat. Though not shown, core 2140 could
also be bathed in a cooling medium.
[0163] Heat flows spontaneously from surface 2110 to core 2140. As
heat is transferred from the finned plates, the low-temperature
carrying fluid will begin to heat up. Commonly an increase in
temperature produces a reduction in density. Heated fluid rises,
displacing colder denser liquid which falls. Mixing and conduction
result eventually in a nearly homogeneous density and even
temperature at which time, gravity and buoyancy forces drive the
fluid's movement toward upper end 2102. Heat transferred via the
fluid in core 2140 could be delivered to another utility.
[0164] FIG. 10B depicts an alternate embodiment adapted for use
with solar heat. A heat exchanger unit 2200 capable of receiving
radiative heat at its surface 2210 comprises a series of thermally
conductive finned plates 2220 in a light pole 2230. Surface 2210
comprises a dark-colored solar membrane or skin that can
effectively absorb heat.
[0165] A lower end 2201 of unit 2200 could be positioned below
ground so that the cool temperatures of the earth (medium M.sub.1)
and cool air adjacent the earth (media M.sub.2, M.sub.3) can be
used to maintain a low temperature core 2240. Though not shown,
core 2240 could also be bathed in a cooling medium. Heat from
surface 2210 is delivered to core 2240 via finned plates 2220. It
is contemplated that core 2240 is a cylinder containing liquids or
gases capable of carrying heat.
[0166] The flow of heat is induced by a temperature difference
between surface 2210 and core 2240. As heat is transferred from
finned plates 2220, the low-temperature carrying fluid in core 2240
will begin to heat up and rise. The surrounding cooler fluid moves
to replace it and becomes heated. As the process continues, a
convection current forms, driving the heated fluid to upper end
2202 where it may be sent to a utility for beneficial uses.
[0167] FIG. 11 illustrates the general application of an embodiment
adapted for use with geothermal energy. A heat exchanger 2300 is
capable of receiving geothermal radiative heat from indirect
magmatic hot rock applications. Unit 2300 comprises thermally
conductive finned plates 2320 embedded in a subterranean medium
M.sub.1. Finned plates 2320 extend outwardly from core 2310, each
terminating in medium M.sub.1. It is contemplated that unit 2300
can be used to transfer heat from solids, liquids, or gas. A core
2310 may be hollow or solid depending on the application and may
comprise a cool center.
[0168] The depth of the device 2300 would be partially determined
by the thermal conductivity of the medium and the goal to be
achieved. For example, this unit can be used for cooling the room
air present in building 2301. Fan 2302 could draw air from building
2301 to core 2310. Heat is transferred into the cooler subterranean
medium by means of the finned plates 2320 in communication with
core 2310. In this cooling application, it may be useful to locate
the unit 2300 nearer to the earth's surface.
[0169] It is commonly known that the earth's temperature changes
with depth. As depth increases, the earth's temperature increases.
Thus, for heating purposes, it is more likely that the unit 2300
will be located at an increased depth. Heat is collected at finned
plates 2320. As heat is transferred from finned plates 2320 to the
low-temperature region, core 2310 will begin to heat up. As the
process continues, convection drives the heated fluid into building
2301. Fan 2302 may also be used to draw heated air from core 2310
into building 2301, if desired.
[0170] This device could also be useful in any number of systems
that combine alternate energy sources. In one example, a suitably
equipped building is capable of receiving radiative heat at its
surface from a solar source and transferring the heat therefrom by
means of a series of horizontally positioned conductive finned
plates to a receiving body or ducting housed within the building.
The receiving body/ducting is thermally connected to the apparatus
that is positioned below ground and having a series of horizontally
positioned conductive finned plates. Heat is transferred into the
cooler subterranean medium by means of the finned plates. The cool
temperatures of the earth can be used to maintain a low temperature
of the receiving body/ducting medium. It will be apparent to one of
ordinary skill in the art from this disclosure how to configure the
finned plates in a subterranean medium to achieve the goal for
which the disclosed devices are implemented.
[0171] In another example (not shown), a building's HVAC system is
thermally connected to apparatus having a series of horizontally
positioned conductive finned plates that is positioned below
ground. Heat is collected at these subterranean finned plates and
transferred into ducting of the building's HVAC system by
convection. Flow reversing check valves may be utilized to
facilitate the self-containment of the system for both heating and
cooling purposes.
[0172] FIGS. 12A, 12B show examples of how the disclosed devices
can be adapted into a system of conventional devices. Larger power
systems typically comprise several pieces of equipment. For
example, a simple steam power plant may consist of devices such as
a boiler, turbine, condenser and pump. The disclosed devices employ
one or more heat exchange devices to utilize waste heat and
maximize available energy values. The disclosed devices can be
installed in conjunction with one or more existing systems to
enhance the recovery of waste heat from a combustion source. In
FIG. 12A, a FIG. 1D or FIG. 1E device is combined with conventional
steam power plant technology. In this example, heat from a
combustion source is used directly for utility purposes while the
waste heat is transferred to the water in a boiler and then finally
to the point of end use.
[0173] A source of carbonaceous feedstock 2401 is shown adjacent a
conveyer 2402 and a mill 2403. Fuel 2405 is fed to a gas-fired
(e.g., natural gas) combustion chamber 2406. The heated products of
combustion rise from the combustion chamber 2406 and sequentially
impact thermally conductive finned plates, thereby transferring
heat present in the gases through the finned plates and into the
designated media. For example, gases are directed into four-walled
heat exchanger 2410 that is equipped with finned plates 2412, 2414,
2416 and 2418. Excess air 2404 can be injected at inlet I or at
apertures 2413, 2415, 2417 or 2419 to enhance combustion.
[0174] A portion of available heat is collected by finned plates
2412 and 2414 and transferred along the pathway until each
terminates in medium M.sub.1. Heat can be ventilated from M.sub.1
by means of vents (not shown) or by radiation into medium M.sub.2.
Heat from M.sub.1 can also be transferred at the boundary between
device 2410 and boiler 2460. A portion of available heat from
apertures 2413, 2415 is directed through heat exchanger 2410
whereby a portion thereof is collected by finned plate 2416 and
transferred along its respective pathway to utilities 2450 or to
some medium M.sub.n. As stated above, heat from the combustion
source is used directly for utility purposes. As shown, finned
plate 2416 may also receive heat from utilities 2450 or medium
M.sub.n if so engineered.
[0175] The heat that is not used directly for utility purposes is
nonetheless beneficially used. As described below, waste heat is
transferred to the water in the boiler 2460. Available heat from
aperture 2417 is directed through heat exchanger 2410 to finned
plate 2418 whereby a portion thereof is collected by finned plate
2418 and transferred until the plate terminates in medium M.sub.3
which may or may not be the same as M.sub.1. A portion of heat from
aperture 2419 is used to heat the liquid medium M.sub.4 of steam
turbine 2420. Generator 2430 directly extracts electric power for
utility purposes by means of steam-driven shaft 2421 of turbine
2420. Steam rises and contacts the evaporator coils 2445 of the
condenser system. As steam condenses, it is returned to the system
as boiler feed water. Battery 2435 can be used as a storage cell
for excess energy that may be subsequently used for condenser,
igniter, etc. functions.
[0176] It is contemplated that a portion of heat from aperture 2419
could be directed through a venture device to provide for a
directed use. For example, it is known in the art to utilize vent
gases to drive a turbine device. In the disclosed devices, it may
useful to alter the geometry of the inner space to maximize the
utility of the gases to be vented.
[0177] FIG. 12B illustrates further utility of the 2400 embodiment
shown in FIG. 12A. System 2500 is set aboard a train or one or more
railcars. This arrangement has utility in instances where power may
not be available or reliable, for example, in remote locations or
in rescue/hazard situations. In this example, heat from a
combustion source is used directly for utility purposes while the
waste heat is transferred to the water in a boiler and then finally
to the point of end use. It is contemplated that this arrangement
could be useful for rescue or hazardous materials cleanup
operations. Once an emergency is eradicated or a site has been
remediated, the train or railcars could be routed to alternate
locations. The use of the system is facilitated in that the device
is capable of transporting its own fuel source.
[0178] In railcar 2592 is supplied a source of carbonaceous
feedstock 2501. Crane 2508 aboard railcar 2591 facilitates the
loading of feedstock 2501. Conveyor 2502 conveys feedstock 2501 to
mill 2504 aboard railcar 2593. In this embodiment, railcar 2593
also transports a gas fuel tank 2505 to feed an incinerator 2506.
If desired, the incinerator may be fed with solid fuels that are
locally obtained. For example, trash, wood, garbage, debris, etc.
are all potential fuel sources. It is contemplated that this device
could be used by forestry managers and others for the burning of
slash, field burning and other controlled burns. The heated
products of combustion rise from the combustion chamber 2507 and
sequentially impact thermally conductive finned plates, thereby
transferring heat present in the gases through the finned plates
and into the designated media. One or more of the finned plates
could be constructed of materials useful in removing most or all
pollution emissions. Devices capable of generating excess air to
enhance combustion can also be transported by the railcars of this
embodiment. As illustrated, the boiler devices are employed in an
industrial arrangement. One having skill in the art would
understand that modifications of the apparatus and methods
disclosed herein could be achieved for the residential and
commercial arrangements and still fall within the scope of the
disclosure.
[0179] In FIG. 12C, a FIG. 1D or FIG. 1E device is combined with
conventional boiler technology in an alternate configuration with a
compressor 2601 containing a refrigerant. Compressor 2601 increases
the pressure and proportionately reduces the volume of refrigerant
(not shown) entering the compressor. As it is pressurized, the
refrigerant heats up. At an elevated pressure, the energy of the
refrigerant can do work downstream in the system. Typically, the
heated gas dissipates heat of pressurization by means of
heat-exchanging coils (not shown) adjacent the compressor 2601. In
this embodiment, one or more thermally conductive finned plates
2610 are arranged to transfer heat present in the heated gas by
means of apertures (not shown) mounted in the finned plates 2610 to
liquid medium M.sub.1 of boiler unit 2615.
[0180] Generator 2630 directly extracts electric power for utility
purposes by means of steam-driven shaft 2621 of turbine 2620. As
shown, this energy can be routed to utilities 2650 for beneficial
purposes. Steam rises and contacts evaporator coils (not shown) of
a condenser system (not shown). As steam condenses, it can contact
another coil set 2604 before it is returned to tank 2603 containing
boiler feed water 2605. Battery 2635 can be used as a storage cell
for excess energy that may be subsequently to power one or more
units of device 2600, e.g., compressor, condenser, igniter,
evaporator, etc. Outlets 2636 can be strategically positioned, for
example, in a panel to facilitate the battery usages.
[0181] Having transferred its heat to M.sub.1 for steam-generating
purposes, cooled refrigerant condenses into liquid form. Since it
is still pressurized, it can be routed to an expansion valve 2605
where the gas is allowed to move from a high-pressure zone to a
low-pressure zone, thereby causing it to expand and flash
evaporate. During the evaporation process, the gas can absorb heat
from the inside of an adjacent enclosed space, i.e., an adjacent
house (not shown), in turn making the enclosed space cold. The
cooled air can provide air conditioning for the adjacent house. The
evaporator rejects the absorbed heat to condenser coils 2604
whereby the resulting refrigerant vapor returns to compressor inlet
2602 to complete the thermodynamic cycle. This embodiment could
have residential, commercial, and industrial uses.
[0182] In a very large scale contemplation, a system of conjoined
devices could be designed to collect and deliver thermal energy
values anywhere, i.e., all over the country, for any desired
purpose. For example, a system could be designed to begin with a
solar collection system, whereupon it may tap into geothermal heat.
From thence, it may utilize an oceanic system before it taps into a
land-based industrial incineration system. It is contemplated that
the disclosed devices could be used in conjunction with ocean water
or other brine sources to generate steam.
[0183] In summary, the devices and methods disclosed herein relate
to thermal energy "siphoning" technology or heat transfer
technology which can be used in conjunction with any number of
waste heat combustion processes using hydrocarbon-based fuel
sources in the residential, commercial and utility markets. As
stated at the outset, attempts may have been made to capture the
waste heat and reuse it. The disclosed devices operate to enhance
the recovery of waste heat from a system so that it can be put to
beneficial use. In conclusion, the disclosed devices present
methods and apparatus to effect heat transfer.
[0184] Although the disclosed device and method have been described
with reference to disclosed embodiments, numerous modifications and
variations can be made and still the result will come within the
scope of the disclosure. No limitation with respect to the specific
embodiments disclosed herein is intended or should be inferred.
* * * * *