U.S. patent application number 12/728835 was filed with the patent office on 2010-09-16 for process to increase the area of microbial stimulation in methane gas recovery in a multi seam coal bed/methane dewatering and depressurizing production system through the use of horizontal or multilateral wells.
This patent application is currently assigned to Innovative Drilling Technologies LLC. Invention is credited to Robert Gardes.
Application Number | 20100230096 12/728835 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 41413710 |
Filed Date | 2010-09-16 |
United States Patent
Application |
20100230096 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Gardes; Robert |
September 16, 2010 |
PROCESS TO INCREASE THE AREA OF MICROBIAL STIMULATION IN METHANE
GAS RECOVERY IN A MULTI SEAM COAL BED/METHANE DEWATERING AND
DEPRESSURIZING PRODUCTION SYSTEM THROUGH THE USE OF HORIZONTAL OR
MULTILATERAL WELLS
Abstract
A process to increase the area of microbial stimulation in a
process of methane gas recovery in a multi seamed coal bed/methane
dewatering and depressurizing production system by first utilizing
an underbalanced multilateral drilling technique. At this point in
the process one could introduce the microorganisms into the
horizontal well bore to achieve a greater area of stimulation of
the coal bed than would a vertical well. An even more preferred
method would to first drill a series of lateral wells off of the
horizontally drilled well bore, so as to increase or maximize the
area of coal bed which is being covered. At that point, one would
take the steps of what is known in the art of introducing a
particular type of microorganism, such as the type disclosed in the
'535 patent, which would then be injected via the plurality of
lateral bores into the coal bed formation, to maximize the area of
penetration, which would include, most, if not all, of the area of
the coal bed through the series of lateral wells. After the
microbes have been injected into the formation through the lateral
wells, one would then undertake these further steps of completing
the production steps involved in recovering any methane gas
produced according to the process disclosed and claimed herein. The
methane gas produced would flow into the series of lateral
boreholes through the annulus between the drill string and the
carrier string, and the principal borehole would bring it to
surface, where the water would be separated from the methane gas to
be collected.
Inventors: |
Gardes; Robert; (Lafayette,
LA) |
Correspondence
Address: |
GARVEY SMITH NEHRBASS & NORTH, LLC
LAKEWAY 3, SUITE 3290, 3838 NORTH CAUSEWAY BLVD.
METAIRIE
LA
70002
US
|
Assignee: |
Innovative Drilling Technologies
LLC
Lafayette
LA
|
Family ID: |
41413710 |
Appl. No.: |
12/728835 |
Filed: |
March 22, 2010 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
12140484 |
Jun 17, 2008 |
7681639 |
|
|
12728835 |
|
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Current U.S.
Class: |
166/269 |
Current CPC
Class: |
E21B 43/16 20130101;
E21B 43/006 20130101; E21B 43/305 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
166/269 |
International
Class: |
E21B 43/16 20060101
E21B043/16 |
Claims
1. A process to maximize the area of microbial stimulation of a
coal bed to recover methane gas from a formation through a single
well system, comprising the following steps: a. drilling a first
substantially vertical bore hole to the depth of the coal bed; b.
drilling a horizontal well from the vertical bore hole at
substantially the depth of the coal bed and extending the well a
distance to cover substantially the length of the coal bed so that
the well can serve as an injection well; c. injecting microbes into
the coal bed through the injection well so that substantially a
maximum area of the coal bed is stimulated by the microbes within
the bed to maximize the production of methane throughout
substantially the entire area of the coal bed into which the
injection well was drilled; and d. allowing the methane gas
produced to flow up the well system so that the well serves as a
collection well where methane gas can be collected from the
collection well and moved up the vertical bore hole to be collected
and stored at the surface.
2. The process in claim 1, wherein the horizontal well being in
pressure communication with other horizontal and/or lateral wells
to maintain subsurface environments of chemistry, temperature,
salinity and pressure so the environment conditions in the
formation can be maintained for the maximum beneficial
microorganism conditions.
3. The process in claim 1, wherein the production process is
undertaken in an underbalanced condition.
4. The process in claim 1, wherein the process utilizes microbes
well known in the art.
5. The process in claim 1, wherein area of coal bed which is
stimulated by the microbes is substantially higher than the area
stimulated by a vertical bore hole.
6. A process to increase the area of a seam of coal into which
microbes can be introduced to stimulate the recovery of methane gas
from the seam of coal, comprising the following steps: a. drilling
a first substantially vertical bore hole; b. drilling a horizontal
bore hole from the vertical bore hole at substantially the depth of
the seam of coal; c. extending the horizontal bore hole a distance
to cover substantially the length of the seam of coal; d. providing
an injector string system within the bore hole to introduce
microbes into the seam of coal to stimulate the coal within the
seam to produce methane throughout substantially the length of the
horizontal bore hole; e. the horizontal well being in pressure
communication with other horizontal and/or lateral wells to
maintain subsurface environments of chemistry, temperature,
salinity and pressure so the environment conditions in the
formation can be maintained for the maximum beneficial
microorganism conditions; and f. retrieving the methane gas from
the horizontal bore hole and moving the gas up the vertical bore
hole to be collected and stored at the surface.
7. The process in claim 6, wherein the entire process of drilling
the vertical, horizontal and lateral bore holes is done in an
underbalanced condition.
8. The process in claim 6, wherein the lateral bore holes are
drilled substantially at the same depth as the horizontal bore hole
within the coal bed.
9. The process in claim 6, wherein the microbes introduced into the
coal bed are of the type known in the art.
10. The process in claim 6, wherein the quantity of coal bed
stimulated is substantially maximized through the use of the
plurality of lateral bore holes.
11. A process to increase the area of microbial stimulation of a
coal bed to recover methane gas, comprising the following steps: a.
drilling a first substantially vertical bore hole to the depth of
the coal bed; b. drilling a horizontal bore hole from the vertical
bore hole at substantially the depth of the coal bed; c. extending
the horizontal bore hole a distance to cover substantially the
length of the coal bed; d. drilling a plurality of lateral well
bores from the horizontal bore hole to penetrate a greater area of
the coal bed; e. injecting microbes into the coal bed through the
various lateral bore holes to stimulate the coal within the bed to
produce methane throughout substantially the entire area of the
coal bed into which the lateral wells were drilled; f. the lateral
wells extending from the horizontal well being in pressure
communication with other horizontal and/or lateral wells to
maintain subsurface environments of chemistry, temperature,
salinity and pressure so the environment conditions in the
formation can be maintained for the maximum beneficial
microorganism conditions; and g. recovering the methane gas from
the various lateral bore holes into the horizontal bore hole and
moving the gas up the vertical bore hole to be collected and stored
at the surface.
12. The process in claim 11, wherein the entire process of drilling
the vertical, horizontal and lateral bore holes is done in an
underbalanced condition.
13. The process in claim 11, wherein the lateral wells are drilled
substantially at the same depth as the horizontal well within the
coal bed.
14. The process in claim 11, wherein the microbes introduced into
the coal bed are of the type known in the art.
15. The process in claim 11, wherein the quantity of coal bed
stimulated is substantially maximized through the use of the
plurality of lateral wells.
16-18. (canceled)
Description
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This is a continuation of co-pending U.S. patent application
Ser. No. 12/140,484, filed Jun. 17, 2008, which is incorporated
herein by reference.
STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT
[0002] Not applicable
REFERENCE TO A "MICROFICHE APPENDIX"
[0003] Not applicable
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0004] 1. Field of the Invention
[0005] The process with present invention relates to downhole
drilling in shales/coal seams. More particularly, the present
invention relates to a process to increase the area of microbial
stimulation in a methane gas recovery area in a multi seam coal
bed/methane dewatering and depressurizing production system through
the use of horizontal or multilateral wells in place of a plurality
of vertical wells.
[0006] 2. General Background of the Invention
[0007] It is being increasingly recognized in the industry in
recent years that methane production can be obtained within shallow
to very deep coal or shale beds within the earth's strata. Such an
observation was deduced from studies of coal gases, changes in coal
gas chemistry, and the bio-degraded nalcane pattern of some coal
extract samples. In fact, the inventor in this application has
developed a process utilizing underbalanced drilling into multiple
coal and shale formations and dewatering the drill formations,
which includes a process so that a lateral or horizontal borehole
can be drilled within the coal seam, through a process which is
covered in U.S. Pat. No. 6,923,275 and its related U.S. Pat. No.
6,457,540. In the patented process, the methane gas can be
collected from multiple coal seams through the gas collection
annulus and the water when collected where the methane gas is
entrained, can be returned downhole for disposal and/or
isolation.
[0008] What has become well known in the art, is that one can
undertake a process for stimulating microbial activity in
hydrocarbon-bearing subterranean formations. Such a process is
found, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 6,543,535 (the '535 patent)
for stimulating the activity of microbial consortia in a
subterranean formation to convert hydrocarbons to methane, which
then can be produced. The presence of microbial consortia is
determined and a characterization made of at least one
microorganism of the consortia, being a methanogenic microorganism.
Therefore, by stimulating the coal/shale bed, the methane gas can
be produced more readily, and it is then returned to the surface
for collection in at least one of the processes as discussed
above.
[0009] Currently, in the art of injecting microbes to stimulate a
coal formation, of which applicant is aware, the only type of
delivery system which is undertaken in the art, would be to drill a
vertical well down into the formation, for example, as found in
U.S. Pat. No. 6,817,411 and as discussed and found in U.S. Pat. No.
5,669,444. In the reading of the current state of the art, the
vertical well is drilled to a depth within the coal seam, and at
that point, the coal bed is stimulated with a consortia of
microorganisms pumped into the formation and allowed to react with
the coal/shale bed, and in turn enhance the production of methane
within the confined area around where the vertical well is drilled.
One of the short-comings in this particular current state of the
art, is that usually a coal bed, although not necessarily thick, is
spread over a wide area, and therefore, if one were to attempt to
stimulate all of the coal bed through the use of a vertical well,
it is foreseen that there would be a need for numerous vertical
wells to be drilled into the subterranean coal formation in order
to maximize the stimulation of the coal formation cleats. One can
only surmise that the drilling of numerous vertical wells or
directional wells from numerous well location pads, would be an
extremely expensive and time-consuming undertaking and would not
necessarily be a viable method of achieving maximum areal contact
and sweep within the coal formation, in addition due to low
injection pressures as to not exceed the fracture gradient in
vertical wells it would be impossible to maintain constant
reservoir pressure via inter-wellbore connectivity. Therefore there
is a need in the industry for a process which would enable one to
enter the subterranean formation with non fluid invasive and
contaminating drilling and completion techniques. A process to
stimulate a vast area of the subterranean coal seams with a large
areal contact with the cleat system of the coal formation. This can
be performed at low injection pressures while maintaining an
ecological environment that promotes the in-situ microbial
degradation of hydrocarbons to methane gas.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0010] The process of the present invention solves the problems in
the art in a simple and straightforward manner. What is provided is
a process to increase the areal content and sweep efficiency with
the ability to control an in-situ environment needed for microbial
growth. This system of pressure communication between laterals,
adjacent horizontal and or multi-lateral wells will allow for the
formation environment to be maintained for maximum conversion of
hydrocarbons to methane gas. Bottom hole pressures can be
maintained over a large area for maximum desorption as well as
modification of the area's environmental factors such as chemistry,
temperature and salinity for proper microbial growth. The microbial
stimulation system is a process of methane gas recovery in a multi
seamed coal bed/methane dewatering and depressurizing production
system by first utilizing an under balanced multilateral drilling
technique, which includes the steps of drilling a first borehole
into the coal or shale formation, setting casing and isolating the
coal seams from other formations, lowering a carrier string with a
deflection member down the first borehole to the level of the coal
or shale formations, lowering a drill string into the carrier
string to drill a horizontal borehole off of the first vertical
borehole which would run along the length of the coal bed formation
structure utilizing non invasive and formation contaminating fluids
harmful to microbial action. At this point in the process one could
introduce via injection the microorganisms into the horizontal
wellbore to achieve a greater area of stimulation of the coal bed
than would be accomplished in a vertical well. An even more
preferred method would to first drill a series of lateral wells off
of the horizontally drilled wellbore, so as to increase or maximize
the area of coal bed which is being covered. At that point, one
would take the steps of what is known in the art of introducing a
particular type of microorganism, such as the type disclosed in the
'535 patent, known in the art, which would then be injected via the
plurality of lateral bores into the coal bed formation, to maximize
the area of penetration, which would include, most, if not all, of
the area of the coal bed through the series of lateral wells. After
the microbes have been injected into the formation through the
lateral wells, one would then undertake these further steps of
completing the production steps involved in recovering any methane
gas produced according to the process as disclosed in the
invention. The methane gas produced would flow into the series of
lateral boreholes through the annulus between the tubing and pump
system and the cased wellbore, where the produced water could be
analyzed and treated for maintaining proper subsurface environment
for microbial ecology.
[0011] Therefore, it is a principal object of the present invention
to provide a process for increasing the area that microorganisms
can be introduced into a subterranean coal bed beneath the earth,
so as to maximize the area of the coal bed which is fed by the
microorganisms in order to maximize the production of methane gas
therein;
[0012] It is a further object of the present invention to provide
the process for increasing the area of microbial introduction by
utilizing a horizontal bore hole in the coal bed and introduce the
microbes through the length of the horizontal wellbore to reach a
greater portion of the coal bed and allow the microbes to entrained
into the coal bed for increased methane gas production in the
process as disclosed.
[0013] It is a further object of the present invention to provide a
process for utilizing a plurality of lateral boreholes off of the
horizontal bore which would therefore allow a single vertical
borehole to be drilled into the coal bed yet the horizontal and
series of lateral bores would feed into the maximum portion of the
coal bed and allow the microbes to entrained into the coal bed for
maximum methane gas production in the process of the present
invention.
[0014] It is a further object of the present invention to provide a
process for utilizing a plurality of lateral boreholes off of a
horizontal well to be in pressure communication with other
horizontal and or multilateral wells to maintain the subsurface
environments of chemistry, temperature, salinity and pressure so
the environment conditions in the formation can be maintained for
the maximum beneficial microorganism conditions.
[0015] It is a further object of the present invention to provide a
process for utilizing a single stand alone injection well and a
single stand alone completion well which do not need to be in
communication with other injection and completion wells to carry
out the process.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0016] For a further understanding of the nature, objects, and
advantages of the present invention, reference should be had to the
following detailed description, read in conjunction with the
following drawings, wherein like reference numerals denote like
elements and wherein:
[0017] FIGS. 1 and 1A illustrate in overall side view and isolated
view respectively, a typical vertical borehole which is known in
the art drilled into the level of each coal bed, illustrating the
limited area of recovery therefrom;
[0018] FIG. 2 illustrates the use of a single horizontal borehole
for introducing microbes into the coal bed at that level which
illustrates an increased area of penetration of the microbes into
the coal bed;
[0019] FIG. 3 illustrates a plurality of lateral boreholes drilled
from the horizontal borehole into the coal bed, which would
maximize the penetration of the microbes into the coal bed so as to
achieve a maximum stimulation of the coal bed for maximizing the
recovery of methane gas;
[0020] FIG. 4 illustrates a fractured horizontal well with unlined
multilateral legs and the components utilized therein;
[0021] FIG. 5 illustrates a series of frac multi lateral wells;
[0022] FIG. 6 illustrates areal communication surrounding
horizontal well patterns compared to multilateral patterns of the
present invention;
[0023] FIG. 7 illustrates a depiction of the large areal contact of
the coal bed wherein microbes have been introduced through the use
of multiple lateral wells;
[0024] FIG. 8 illustrates a depiction of multilateral wells in
pressure communication with other horizontal and or multilateral
wells for maintaining proper ecological subterranean conditions for
maximum microbial growth;
[0025] FIG. 9 illustrates parallel horizontal injector and
collection wells in communication with each other;
[0026] FIG. 10 illustrates a depiction of multiple lateral wells in
multiple coal seams where microbial action can be introduced from a
single wellbore;
[0027] FIG. 11 illustrates a stand alone injection well used in the
present invention;
[0028] FIG. 12 illustrates a stand alone completion well used in
the present invention; and
[0029] FIG. 13 illustrates a detail cutaway view of the stand alone
completion well illustrated in FIG. 12.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
[0030] FIGS. 2 through 13 illustrate the preferred embodiment of
the method of the present invention, while FIGS. 1 and 1A
illustrate the current state of the art in the stimulation of coal
beds with microbes to stimulate the production of methane gas.
[0031] As seen in FIG. 1, there is a representation of a vertical
borehole or well 12, having a vertically aligned vertical
production string 14, extending from the surface 16 down through
the earth 18 to reach the depth of a coal bed 20, which would be
the type of bed which would be capable of producing methane gas. As
illustrated in FIG. 1, the lower end 22 of the vertical string 14
would be lowered down to the precise depth of the coal bed 20, and
upon reaching that depth, the consortia of microbes 24 would be
released, through the end 22 of string 14 in order to penetrate the
area or collection zone 28 around the lower end 22 of the vertical
string 14 with microbes 24. As depicted in FIG. 1, the collection
zone 28 into which the microbes 24 would be introduced is rather
limited in size, numerous coal seams have low permeability and
cleat structure and in many cases the coal seams are in close
proximity to aquifers they cannot be stimulated with out breaching
and communicating with the aquifers making it extremely difficult
to have any large contact with the coal seam, since it is the area
in the direct vicinity 30 of the end of the vertical string 14.
[0032] This state of the art process as discussed earlier, is very
limited in its ability to have maximum contact of microbes 24 into
the coal bed 20. As illustrated in isolated view in FIG. 1A, as the
well is produced, water 27 is either pumped up vertical string 14
after the coal has had time to soak with the microbial injection,
allowing for desorption to take place; or gas is produced without
pumping fluid up the vertical string 14, gas 25 would migrate up
the annulus between string 14 and the vertically cased wellbore 12.
Turning now to FIG. 2, there is depicted, as seen in
[0033] FIG. 1, a representation of a vertical borehole 12, having a
vertically aligned production string 14, extending from the surface
16 down through the earth 18 to reach the depth of a coal bed 20,
which would be the type of bed which would be capable of producing
methane gas. As was illustrated in FIG. 1, the lower end 22 of the
vertical string 14 would be lowered down to the precise depth of
the coal bed 20.
[0034] In the preferred embodiment, as discussed earlier, the
process for undertaking the drilling of the wells as will be
discussed in regard to FIGS. 2 and 3, is done so by the process of
underbalanced drilling 1 referenced earlier. Since that process is
a patented process of this inventor, its specific steps will not be
discussed further.
[0035] Returning to FIG. 2, after the vertical borehole 12 has
reached the coal bed 20, one would then drill a horizontal bore
hole 30 from the vertical bore hole 12 at a depth within the coal
bed 20, so that the horizontal bore hole 30 penetrates a distance
through the coal bed 20, as predetermined by the production
company. After the horizontal well 31 is complete, then the steps
are taken to introduce the microbes 24 thru injection into the
length of the horizontal bore hole 30, and allow the microbes to
travel into the coal bed 20 through cleating in the coal matrix 34
throughout the length of the horizontal bore hole 30, so that the
entire area along the horizontal path of the bore hole 30 is
saturated with the microbes 24. This would then allow a much larger
area of coal bed 20 to be stimulated by the microbes 24, which
would in turn provide a much greater production of methane gas 25
to be returned and collected at the surface.
[0036] Reference is now made to FIG. 3, where there is illustrated
the most productive method of increasing the area in which microbes
24 are introduced into a coal seam 20 in order to stimulate the
production of methane gas 25. In this FIG. 3, following the
completion of the horizontal bore hole 30, as discussed in regard
to FIG. 2, the process would then entail drilling a plurality of
lateral bore holes 50 directed out from the wall of the horizontal
bore hole 30, each of the lateral bore holes 50 drilled at a
similar depth and pressure communicated within the coal seam 20, as
the horizontal bore hole 30, so as to provide an even larger area
of coal bed 20 into which the microbes 24 can be introduced, as
seen in FIG. 3. Again, following the drilling of the lateral bore
holes 50, preferably in an underbalanced condition, as stated
earlier, the microbes 24 are introduced into the coal bed 20
through cleating and fractures 34 in the wall of the lateral
boreholes 50, and, in doing so, the maximum stimulation of the coal
bed 20 is achieved, so that the maximum amount of methane gas 25 is
returned to the surface 16 for collection.
[0037] FIGS. 4 and 5 are provided to provide a view of the typical
fracturing technique for multiple laterals 50 which are utilized in
the process of the present invention to achieve the maximum
stimulation of the coal bed 20 with microbes 24 in an underbalanced
drilling condition, as discussed earlier.
[0038] FIGS. 6 and 7 illustrate representational views of the coal
bed 20 wherein the microbes have been introduced through multi
lateral wells 50 through the process of the present invention, and
the increased area of coal bed 20 affected in the process for
achieving maximum methane gas delivery.
[0039] FIG. 8 illustrates a depiction of multilateral wells 60 in
pressure communication with other horizontal and or multilateral
wells 60 for maintaining proper ecological subterranean conditions
for maximum microbial growth. As seen in the Figure, there are
provided injection wells 62 for injecting the microbes into the
coal bed 20 and collection wells 64 for recovering the gas from the
stimulated formations into which the multilateral wells 60 are
producing. The process would utilize a plurality of lateral
boreholes 50 off of a horizontal well 31 to be in pressure
communication with other horizontal and or multilateral wells to
maintain the subsurface environments of chemistry, temperature,
salinity and pressure so the environment conditions in the
formation can be maintained for the maximum beneficial
microorganism conditions. As illustrated there may be additional
injection wells 62 and collection wells 64 as required to maintain
the ecological condition for microbial activity.
[0040] As illustrated in FIG. 9 there is provided an injection well
62 and a collection well 64 with pressure communication as
described in FIG. 8. FIG. 10 provides a view of a collection well
64 with multiple seams and multi-lateral wells 60 in
completion.
[0041] FIGS. 11 through 13 illustrate a single stand alone vertical
well 12 having the capability of serving both as an injection well
62 and a collection well 64 without the need to be in communication
with any other wells. As seen in FIG. 11, there is a vertical well
12 drilled, and then there is a horizontal well 31 from which a
plurality of multilateral boreholes 50 are drilled. Next, microbial
fluid (arrows 24) is injected down the vertical well 12 into the
horizontal well 31 and out of the various openings in the
multilateral wells 60 and the horizontal well 31. Once that is
done, and the collection zone 28 is stimulated with the microbes
24, FIGS. 12 and 13 illustrate a mixture 33 of methane gas 25 and
water 27 entering the collection ports 26 into the collection zone
28 of the wells 31. This is illustrated in greater detail in FIG.
13, where the methane gas 25 is returned to surface 16 in an
annulus 40 between the casing 42 and the tubing string 44, and the
water 27 is returned up the inner bore 46 of the tubing string 44.
The methane gas 25 is collected through line 48 at the surface 16,
and the water 27 collected through line 49 at the surface 16. As
stated earlier, in this embodiment, the well 12 does not have to be
in communication with any other well 12, since it is a stand alone
well. This type of well 12 could be designated as a "Huff and Puff"
type program. Microbial fluid 24 is injected into the horizontal
well 31 or injected into the multilateral wells 60 and then methane
gas 25 could flow back into the pattern and be produced between the
casing 42 and tubing string 44 as depicted in the completion
drawing. Pressure maintenance can be maintained by fluid level in
the substantially vertical wellbore 12. This method offers
diversity to the system by the process can be done with one well or
a combination of wells in pressure communication with each
other.
[0042] For clarity, the types of microbes could vary a great deal,
but for purposes of the present process, the microbes used would be
of the type disclosed in the '535 patent, noted above. The process
depicted illustrates how fluid can be injected down injection wells
and ecological conditions are maintained with fluid and gas
extracted from collection wells.
PARTS LIST
[0043] Part Number Description
[0044] 12 vertical borehole or well
[0045] 14 vertical production string
[0046] 16 surface
[0047] 18 earth
[0048] 20 coal bed
[0049] 22 lower end
[0050] 24 microbes
[0051] 24 injection
[0052] 24 arrows
[0053] 25 gas
[0054] 27 water
[0055] 28 collection zone
[0056] 28 producing zone
[0057] 30 horizontal borehole
[0058] 31 horizontal well
[0059] 33 mixture
[0060] 34 fractures
[0061] 37 collection zone
[0062] 40 annulus
[0063] 42 casing
[0064] 44 tubing string
[0065] 46 inner bore
[0066] 50 lateral borehole
[0067] 60 multi-lateral wells
[0068] 62 injection wells
[0069] 64 collection wells
[0070] All measurements disclosed herein are at standard
temperature and pressure, at sea level on Earth, unless indicated
otherwise. All materials used or intended to be used in a human
being are biocompatible, unless indicated otherwise.
[0071] The foregoing embodiments are presented by way of example
only; the scope of the present invention is to be limited only by
the following claims.
* * * * *