U.S. patent application number 12/718512 was filed with the patent office on 2010-09-02 for method for converting perylen-3,4:9,10-tetracarboxylic acid diimides into a form suitable for use as a fluorescent dye.
This patent application is currently assigned to BASF Aktiengesellschaft. Invention is credited to Harald Arms, Peter Blaschka, Arno Bohm, Peter Erk, Willi Helfer, Simone Schafer.
Application Number | 20100218321 12/718512 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 29594447 |
Filed Date | 2010-09-02 |
United States Patent
Application |
20100218321 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Erk; Peter ; et al. |
September 2, 2010 |
METHOD FOR CONVERTING PERYLEN-3,4:9,10-TETRACARBOXYLIC ACID
DIIMIDES INTO A FORM SUITABLE FOR USE AS A FLUORESCENT DYE
Abstract
Novel crystalline forms of and a process for converting
perylene-3, 4:9, 10-tetracarboximide of the general formula I
##STR00001## to a form used as a fluorescent dye. The process
including: a) dissolving or suspending the perylene-3, 4:9,
10-tetracarboximide in a solvent to obtain a solution or
suspension; and b1) cooling the solution obtained in step a) to a
temperature at or below the crystallization temperature of the
perylene-3, 4:9, 10-tetracarboximide and, if the solvent is
organic, removing excess solvent until the first crystals form,
otherwise, adding water or dilute aqueous solutions of the solvent
until the first crystals form, and maintaining the solution at that
temperature for further crystallization; or b2) cooling the
suspension obtained in step a) to or below the crystallization
temperature when the temperature in step a) was above the
crystallization temperature, and maintaining the suspension at the
temperature for further crystallization to form one or more solvate
crystals.
Inventors: |
Erk; Peter; (Frankenthal,
DE) ; Schafer; Simone; (Kleinfischlingen, DE)
; Bohm; Arno; (Mannheim, DE) ; Blaschka;
Peter; (Ludwigshafen, DE) ; Arms; Harald;
(Hohen-Suelzen, DE) ; Helfer; Willi;
(Friedelsheim, DE) |
Correspondence
Address: |
OBLON, SPIVAK, MCCLELLAND MAIER & NEUSTADT, L.L.P.
1940 DUKE STREET
ALEXANDRIA
VA
22314
US
|
Assignee: |
BASF Aktiengesellschaft
Ludwigshafen
DE
|
Family ID: |
29594447 |
Appl. No.: |
12/718512 |
Filed: |
March 5, 2010 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
|
|
|
|
|
|
Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
10514564 |
Jan 31, 2005 |
7753967 |
|
|
PCT/EP03/05937 |
Jun 6, 2003 |
|
|
|
12718512 |
|
|
|
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
8/506 ;
546/37 |
Current CPC
Class: |
C09B 67/0014 20130101;
C09B 67/0025 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
8/506 ;
546/37 |
International
Class: |
C09B 5/00 20060101
C09B005/00; D06P 5/00 20060101 D06P005/00 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Jun 12, 2002 |
DE |
102 26 181.4 |
Claims
1. A process for converting a perylene-3, 4:9, 10-tetracarboxylic
diimide of formula I ##STR00004## to a fluorescent dye, wherein
R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each unbranched, branched or cyclic
C.sub.1-C.sub.8-alkyl, said process comprising: a) dissolving or
suspending said perylene-3, 4:9, 10-tetracarboxylic diimide in an
organic or inorganic solvent, said solvent having a molecular
volume of .ltoreq.230 .ANG..sup.3, at a first temperature of from 0
to 250.degree. C. to obtain a solution or a suspension, b) cooling
said solution or said suspension obtained in step a) by a process
consisting of b1) or b2), b1) cooling said solution obtained in
step a) to a second temperature at or below the crystallization
temperature of said perylene-3, 4:9, 10-tetracarboxylic diimide of
formula I and, in the case of an organic solvent, if desired at the
same time removing excess solvent until the first crystals form,
or, in the case of an inorganic solvent, adding water or dilute
aqueous solutions of the solvent until the first crystals form,
wherein further crystallization continues in said solution at said
second temperature after the first crystals form, or b2) cooling
said suspension obtained in step a) to said second temperature at
or below the crystallization temperature when the temperature in
step a) was above the crystallization temperature, wherein further
crystallization continues in said solution at said second
temperature after the first crystals form to form one or more
solvate crystals, c) isolating said one or more solvate crystals
formed in step b) and d) then removing said solvent from said one
or more solvate crystals.
2. The process according to claim 1, wherein said solvent is a
di-C.sub.1-C.sub.4-alkyl sulfoxide; a sulfolane; an unsubstituted
or N--C.sub.1-C.sub.6-alkyl-substituted C.sub.4-C.sub.6-lactam; an
unsubstituted or N--C.sub.1-C.sub.6-alkyl-substituted aliphatic
C.sub.1-C.sub.6-carboxamide; an aliphatic nitrile having from 2 to
12 carbon atoms; an aromatic nitrile which may be substituted by
C.sub.1-C.sub.8-alkyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.8-alkoxy and/or halogen; an
aliphatic C.sub.1-C.sub.12-carboxylic acid or a
C.sub.1-C.sub.6-alkyl ester thereof having a total number of carbon
atoms of less than or equal to 12; a
hydroxy-C.sub.2-C.sub.6-carboxylic acid or an ester thereof; a
C.sub.2-C.sub.6-alkylene carbonate; a benzoic acid; a naphthoic
acid; a C.sub.1-C.sub.8-alkyl benzoate, a di-C.sub.2-C.sub.4-alkyl
phthalate; a monohydric or polyhydric, saturated or unsaturated,
aliphatic or cycloaliphatic C.sub.4-C.sub.12-alcohol; an
araliphatic alcohol; a mono- or oligo-C.sub.2-C.sub.3-alkylene
glycol mono- and -di-C.sub.1-C.sub.8-alkyl- and monophenyl ether;
an aliphatic C.sub.3-C.sub.12-ketone; an aromatic ketone which may
be substituted by C.sub.1-C.sub.8-alkyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.8-alkoxy
and/or halogen; an aliphatic or cycloaliphatic
C.sub.4-C.sub.12-ether; an aromatic ether which may be substituted
by C.sub.1-C.sub.8-alkyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.8-alkoxy and/or halogen; a
heterocycle; an aromatic hydrocarbon which may be substituted by
C.sub.1-C.sub.8-alkyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.8-alkoxy,
C.sub.1-C.sub.6-alkylamino, di-C.sub.1-C.sub.3-alkylamino, chlorine
and/or nitro; an aliphatic or cycloaliphatic
C.sub.6-C.sub.18-hydrocarbon; a chloro hydrocarbon; or a mixture or
combination thereof.
3. A crystalline solvate of said perylene-3,4:9,10-tetracarboxylic
diimide of the formula I according to claim 1, which comprises 1 or
2 mol of solvent per mole of perylene-3,4:9,10-tetracarboxylic
diimide.
4. A method for coloring one or more organic and/or inorganic
polymeric materials, said method comprising applying the
fluorescent dye obtained by the process according to claim 1 to
said one or more organic and/or inorganic polymeric materials.
5. A method for producing an electrooptical component, said method
comprising incorporating the fluorescent dye obtained by the
process according to claim 1 to said electrooptical component as
one or more emitter materials.
Description
[0001] The present invention relates to a novel process for
converting perylene-3, 4:9, 10-tetracarboximides of the general
formula I (referred to hereinbelow as "perylimides I" for
short)
##STR00002##
in which R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each unbranched, branched or
cyclic C.sub.1-C.sub.8-alkyl, to a form suitable for use as
fluorescent dyes.
[0002] The invention also relates to crystalline solvates of the
perylimides I which contain 1 or 2 mol of solvent per mole of
perylimide I.
[0003] The invention further relates to different crystalline forms
of N,N'-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)perylene-3, 4:9,
10-tetracarboximide which are characterized by X-ray powder
diagrams (CuK.sub..alpha.) having significant lines at the
following d values:
Form A ("perylimide A"): 10.2, 9.60, 8.17, 7.60, 7.07, 6.89, 6.02,
5.64, 4.89, 4.79, 4.63, 3.93, 3.81, 3.53 and 3.43 .ANG.; Form B
("perylimide B"): 15.3, 7.68, 7.32, 7.15, 5.99, 5.59, 5.33, 4.98,
4.24, 3.86 and 3.235 .ANG.; Form C ("perylimide C"): 10.67, 9.88,
9.36, 7.82, 7.16, 6.89, 5.74, 5.49, 4.68, 4.085, 3.354 and 3.252
.ANG.; Form D ("perylimide D"): 9.7, 8.6, 7.85, 6.88, 4.83, 4.13
and 3.81 .ANG.; Form E ("perylimide E"): 15.2, 14.7, 8.04, 7.76,
7.36, 6.43, 5.59, 4.99, 4.25, 4.14 and 3.863 .ANG..
[0004] The invention relates not least to the use of the
perylimides I and the perylimides A to E prepared according to the
invention as fluorescent dyes for coloring organic and inorganic
polymeric materials, and also as emitter materials in
electrooptical components.
[0005] EP-A-55 363 describes various perylimides which are
substituted on both imide nitrogen atoms by alkyl- or
chlorine-substituted phenyl, including
N,N'-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)perylimide.
[0006] These perylimides are prepared by reacting perylene-3, 4:9,
10-tetracarboxylic dianhydride with the correspondingly substituted
aniline in the presence of a zinc compound and sometimes also of
acetic acid as a catalyst in quinoline. The perylimides are then
precipitated by adding methanol, filtered off and washed with
methanol and water. To remove unconverted perylene-3, 4:9,
10-tetracarboxylic dianhydride, the perylimides isolated in this
way are usually then stirred in hot carbonate solution.
[0007] EP-A-55 363 proposes a further variant for isolating the
perylimides in which the entire reaction mixture is initially
brought into solution by adding a solvent which dissolves the
perylimide, such as N-methylpyrrolidone, dimethylacetamide or
dimethylformamide, and heating, the solution is filtered and the
perylimide is precipitated out again by adding lower alcohols, such
as methanol, optionally in a mixture with water. The perylimides
should usually be obtained in a sufficiently pure form.
[0008] However, according to in-house investigations, this method
of precipitation results only in products of insufficient purity
being obtained which contain by-products, in particular
N-substituted perylene-3,4-dicarboximide, in relatively large
amounts (generally >10%), and are substantially X-ray-amorphous,
and also finely crystalline and difficult to filter.
[0009] For further purification, EP-A-55 363 proposes
reprecipitation from sulfuric acid and also recrystallization,
without giving any further information.
[0010] It is an object of the present invention to provide a
process which makes it possible to efficiently purify perylimides I
and in which the perylimides I are obtained directly in a form
suitable for use as fluorescent dyes.
[0011] We have found that this object is achieved by a process for
converting perylene-3,4:9,10-tetracarboximides of the general
formula I
##STR00003##
in which R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each unbranched, branched or
cyclic C.sub.1-C.sub.8-alkyl to a form suitable for use as
fluorescent dyes, which comprises [0012] a) dissolving or
suspending the perylene-3, 4:9, 10-tetracarboximides whose
molecules have a molecular volume of 230 .ANG..sup.3 in an organic
or inorganic solvent at from 0 to 250.degree. C., [0013] b1)
cooling the solution obtained in step a) to or below the
crystallization temperature and, in the case of an organic solvent,
if desired at the same time removing excess solvent until the first
crystals form, or, in the case of an inorganic solvent, adding
water or dilute aqueous solutions of the solvent until the first
crystals form, and maintaining the solution at this temperature for
further crystallization or [0014] b2) cooling the suspension
obtained in step a) to or below the crystallization temperature
when the temperature in step a) was above the crystallization
temperature, and maintaining the suspension at this temperature for
further crystallization, [0015] c) isolating the solvate crystals
formed in step b) and [0016] d) then removing the solvent from the
solvate crystals.
[0017] It is essential to the process according to the invention
that the solvent molecules used in step a) have a molecular volume
of .ltoreq.230 .ANG..sup.3, preferably 200 .ANG..sup.3 and more
preferably 180 .ANG..sup.3, and are therefore able to form stable
binary crystal phases (solvates or else clathrates) with the
perylimide I which contain up to 2 molecules of solvent per
molecule of perylimide I.
[0018] The molecular volumes specified may be calculated from the
structure of the molecule by the method published by Gavezzotti (J.
Amer. Chem. Soc. 1989, 11, p. 1835).
[0019] Preference is given to using solvents in which the
perylimide I dissolves, optionally after heating, although solvents
may also be used in which the perylimide I only partially dissolves
at the treatment temperature. The conversion to the corresponding
solvates is then effected in suspension.
[0020] Accordingly, useful organic solvents are in particular (the
term alkyl is also intended to encompass cycloalkyl, in particular
cyclohexyl): [0021] di-C.sub.1-C.sub.4-alkylsulfoxides, such as
dimethyl sulfoxide; [0022] sulfolane; [0023] unsubstituted and
N--C.sub.1-C.sub.6-alkyl-substituted C.sub.4-C.sub.6-lactams, such
as pyrrolidone, N-methylpyrrolidone, N-cyclohexylpyrrolidone,
N-octylpyrrolidone, caprolactam and N-ethylcaprolactam; [0024]
unsubstituted and N--C.sub.1-C.sub.6-alkyl-substituted aliphatic
C.sub.1-C.sub.6-carboxamides, such as formamide, dimethylformamide,
dimethylacetamide, benzamide and N-acetylmorpholine; [0025]
aliphatic nitriles having from 2 to 12 carbon atoms, such as
acetonitrile and 2-methoxypropionitrile; [0026] aromatic nitriles
which may be substituted by C.sub.1-C.sub.8-alkyl,
C.sub.1-C.sub.8-alkoxy and/or halogen, such as benzonitrile and
3-methylbenzonitrile; [0027] aliphatic C.sub.1-C.sub.12-carboxylic
acids and their C.sub.1-C.sub.6-alkyl esters having a total number
of carbon atoms of 12, such as formic acid, acetic acid, propionic
acid, 2-ethylhexanoic acid and ethyl acetate; [0028]
hydroxy-C.sub.2-C.sub.6-carboxylic acids and their esters, such as
lactic acid, butyrolactone, valerolactone and caprolactone; [0029]
C.sub.2-C.sub.6-alkylene carbonates, such as ethylene carbonate and
propylene carbonate; [0030] benzoic acids, such as benzoic acid,
phthalic acid and terephthalic acid; [0031] naphthoic acids, such
as .alpha.- and .beta.-naphthoic acid; [0032] C.sub.1-C.sub.6-alkyl
benzoates, such as methyl benzoate and ethyl 3-methylbenzoate;
[0033] di-C.sub.1-C.sub.2-alkyl phthalates, such as diethyl
phthalate; [0034] monohydric and polyhydric, saturated and
unsaturated, aliphatic and cycloaliphatic
C.sub.4-C.sub.12-alcohols, such as butanol, isoamyl alcohol,
cyclohexanol, octanol, 3-methyl-1-pentyn-3-ol, methoxypropanol,
furfuryl alcohol, tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol and 1,5-pentanediol;
[0035] araliphatic alcohols, such as benzyl alcohol,
2-phenylethanol and 4-methoxybenzyl alcohol; [0036] mono- and
oligo-C.sub.2-C.sub.3-alkylene glycol mono- and
-di-C.sub.1-C.sub.8-alkyl- and monophenyl ethers, such as ethylene
glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, ethylene
glycol monophenyl ether and diethylene glycol dimethyl ether;
[0037] aliphatic C.sub.3-C.sub.12-ketones, such as acetone, methyl
isobutyl ketone, diacetone alcohol, cyclohexanone and
2-methylcyclohexanone; [0038] aromatic ketones which may be
substituted by C.sub.1-C.sub.8-alkyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.8-alkoxy and/or
halogen, such as isophorone, acetophenone, propiophenone,
3-chloroacetophenone and 3-ethylacetophenone; [0039] aliphatic and
cycloaliphatic C.sub.4-C.sub.12-ethers, such as methyl tert-butyl
ether, ethyl isobutyl ether, 2-ethylhexyl methyl ether,
tetrahydrofuran and dioxane; [0040] aromatic ethers which may be
substituted by C.sub.1-C.sub.8-alkyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.8-alkoxy and/or
halogen, such as diphenyl ether; [0041] heterocycles, such as
pyridine, picoline, lutidine, quinoline, methylquinoline,
imidazole, methylimidazole and 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone;
[0042] aromatic hydrocarbons which may be substituted by
C.sub.1-C.sub.8-alkyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.8-alkoxy,
C.sub.1-C.sub.6-alkylamino, di-C.sub.1-C.sub.3-alkylamino, chlorine
and/or nitro, such as toluene, o-, m- and p-xylene, ethylbenzene,
cumene, methoxybenzene, chlorobenzene, o-dichlorobenzene,
1,2,4-trichlorobenzene, nitrobenzene, phenol, 3-methylphenol,
p-chlorophenol, o-nitrophenol, N-hydroxyethylaniline,
1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene, 2-chloronaphthalene,
2-methoxynaphthalene and dimethylnaphthalene; [0043] aliphatic and
cycloaliphatic C.sub.6-C.sub.18-hydrocarbons, such as limonene,
decalin and methylcyclohexane; [0044] chlorohydrocarbons, such as
methylene chloride, chloroform, tetrachloromethane, dichloroethane,
trichloroethane and tetrachloroethane.
[0045] It will be appreciated that mixtures of these solvents may
also be used.
[0046] Preferred organic solvents are xylene, toluene,
N-methylpyrrolidone, dimethylacetamide, dimethylformamide, methyl
isobutyl ketone, methylene chloride, ethylene glycol monophenyl
ether and ethylene glycol monobutyl ether.
[0047] It is also possible to use combinations of these solvents,
i.e. to initially form a solvate with a first solvent (for example
N-methylpyrrolidone) and to exchange the solvent in this solvate by
treating with a second solvent (for example acetic acid).
[0048] Useful inorganic solvents are in particular acids, in
particular sulfuric acid.
[0049] In step a) of the process according to the invention, the
perylimide I is either dissolved in the solvent or suspended
therein.
[0050] Accordingly, when organic solvents are used, the procedure
in accordance with the invention may be as follows: a mixture of
perylimide I and solvent is heated to a temperature at which the
perylimide I dissolves in the solvent, the resulting solution is
then cooled in step b1) to or below the crystallization temperature
of the perylimide I and the solution is maintained at this
temperature for further crystallization; the crystallization may,
if desired, be promoted by at the same time removing excess
solvent. Or the perylimide I is suspended in the solvent,
preferably at elevated temperature, to increase the purifying
effect, the resulting suspension is then cooled in step b2) to or
below the temperature at which the solvate crystals crystallize out
and the suspension is maintained at this temperature for further
crystallization.
[0051] When inorganic solvents are used, the procedure may
similarly be as follows: the perylimide I is dissolved at a
suitable temperature in substantially anhydrous to highly
concentrated solvent and the crystallization is initiated in step
b1) by diluting the solvent with water or aqueous solutions of the
solvent. Or the perylimide I is stirred directly for several hours
in a less concentrated solvent, preferably at temperatures around
room temperature, likewise resulting in the formation of solvate
crystals.
[0052] This will now be illustrated in detail using the example of
the particularly preferred solvent sulfuric acid. In the first
variant, it is advisable to dissolve the perylimide I at
approximately room temperature (approx. 20-30.degree. C.) in about
96 to 100% by weight sulfuric acid, then to gradually reduce the
sulfuric acid concentration by adding water or more dilute sulfuric
acid (for example 20% by weight sulfuric acid) to about 70 to 93%
by weight and thus effect the crystallization of a sulfate of the
perylimide I. In the second variant, about 70 to 90% by weight
sulfuric acid is used directly.
[0053] Depending on the molecular size of the solvent, the
crystalline solvates which are obtained in step c) of the process
according to the invention and are likewise according to the
invention have a molar composition of solvent to perylimide I of
1:1 (for example in the case of xylene, N-methylpyrrolidone,
methoxybenzene and dimethylacetamide solvates) or 2:1 (for example
in the case of methylene chloride and acetic acid solvates).
Despite the same gross composition, the crystalline phases may have
different crystal structures. In the case of some of these solvates
(for example in the case of methylene chloride and acetic acid
solvates), the solvent molecules may leave the perylimide host
lattice without its crystalline structure changing significantly.
In such cases, nonstoichiometric binary phases of solvent and
perylimide I may also be formed.
[0054] The exact composition of the sulfuric acid solvates
generally cannot be determined, since the solvates rapidly lose
sulfuric acid when isolated. However, characterization by X-ray
powder diffractometry is just as possible as in the case of the
solvates with organic solvents.
[0055] The solvent is then removed from the solvate crystals in
step d), resulting substantially in the retention of the
crystalline structures formed in step b) or else the formation of
new crystalline phases. The solvent is advantageously removed by
drying solvate crystals, optionally under reduced pressure and at
elevated temperature. If desired, the solvate crystals may have
been additionally treated (washed) before drying, with a solvent
which itself does not form a solvate, preferably with water or
mixtures of organic solvents with water.
[0056] The crystalline forms of the perylimides I obtained
according to the invention may be characterized by X-ray powder
diffractometry or by single crystal structural analysis. This
resulted in the crystalline perylimides A to E which are likewise
according to the invention being found, which are obtainable by
crystallization from methylene chloride (perylimide A), acetic acid
(perylimide B), sulfuric acid (perylimides C and D) and
M-methylpyrrolidone/acetic acid (perylimide E). The X-ray powder
diagrams of these perylimides are depicted in FIGS. 1 and 3 to
6.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0057] FIG. 1 illustrates the x-ray powder diagram of perylimide Ia
in the crystalline form A.
[0058] FIG. 2 illustrates the x-ray powder diagram of an NMP-damp
crystalline product.
[0059] FIG. 3 illustrates the x-ray powder diagram of perylimide Ia
in the crystalline form B.
[0060] FIG. 4 illustrates the x-ray powder diagram of perylimide Ia
in the crystalline form C.
[0061] FIG. 5 illustrates the x-ray powder diagram of perylimide Ia
in the crystalline form D.
[0062] FIG. 6 illustrates the x-ray powder diagram of perylimide Ia
in the crystalline form E.
[0063] The process according to the invention has a series of
advantages which could not have been predicted. For instance, not
only was it made easier to crystallize the perylimides I, but
coarsely crystalline crystals were also formed which are easy to
filter, can be washed without significant product loss and
additionally have high purities of generally >90% (by-products
formed in the synthesis such as N-monoalkylation products can be
removed without any problem). The use of sulfuric acid as solvent
generally allows the degree of purity to be further increased to
>96% by additional removal of decarboxylation products occurring
in the synthesis, so that, irrespective of the way in which the
crude materials I used are synthesized, product qualities can be
obtained in a simple manner which are otherwise only obtainable by
chromatography. The crystals formed are notable not least for their
high dissolution rates which allow them to be particularly readily
incorporated into plastics.
[0064] Accordingly, the perylimides I obtained according to the
invention, in particular the perylimides A to E, have outstanding
suitability as fluorescent dyes for coloring organic and inorganic
polymeric materials and also as emitter materials in electrooptical
components, for example displays and emissive color filters, for
which the perylimide A in particular is suitable owing to its
marked solid state fluorescence.
EXAMPLES
Conversion of N,N'-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)perylene-3, 4:9,
10-tetracarboximide (perylimide Ia) in a form suitable for use as a
fluorescent dye
Example 1
[0065] 6 g of the perylimide Ia were dissolved in 800 ml of boiling
methylene chloride and stirred for a further 60 min at the boiling
temperature of the solvent. After filtration under pressure via a
G4 glass frit, the filtrate was stirred under reflux for a further
60 min and then cooled by heat exchange with the environment to
room temperature (approx. 20.degree. C.). A vacuum of approx. 50
kPa was then applied at this temperature to gradually remove
methylene chloride until the first crystals formed. The mixture was
then cooled to -20.degree. C. After storing for one day at this
temperature, the crystals formed were filtered off, washed with
cold methylene chloride and dried at 20.degree. C.
[0066] X-ray structural analysis at 203 K showed a solvate having 2
molecules of methylene chloride per molecule of perylimide Ia
having the following crystallographic data: space group P
2.sub.1/n, Z=2, a=1003.2(2) pm, b=1907.8(6) pm, c=1156.3(2) pm,
.beta.=96.794(10).degree., R1=0.1151, wR2=0.2308.
[0067] Complete removal of the methylene chloride under reduced
pressure gave the perylimide Ia in the crystalline form A
(perylimide A) having significant lines in the X-ray powder diagram
(CuK.sub..alpha.) at the following d values (FIG. 1): 10.2, 9.60,
8.17, 7.60, 7.07, 6.89, 6.02, 5.64, 4.89, 4.79, 4.63, 3.93, 3.81,
3.53 and 3.43 .ANG.. Rietveld refinement of the powder diagram
resulted in the following crystallographic data being obtained for
the perylimide A: space group P 2.sub.1/c, Z=2, a=1207.3(3) pm,
b=1918.3(5) pm, c=1433.1(4) pm, p=141.10(1).degree., R1=0.1615,
wR2=0.2041.
Example 2
[0068] 10.1 g of a mixture of 6 parts of the perylimide Ia and 4
parts of N-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)perylene-3,4-dicarboximide were
dissolved in 1 200 ml of p-xylene in the heat of boiling. After
filtration at this temperature via a G4 glass frit, the filtrate
was cooled to room temperature and concentrated to half its volume
at 20.degree. C. by passing a gentle air stream over it. After
formation of the first crystals, the vessel was sealed. The red
rhombohedra formed after 8 d were filtered off and washed with a
little cold petroleum ether.
[0069] No N-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)perylene-3,4-dicarboximide could
be detected in the crystals by chromatography, which shows that the
process according to the invention makes it possible to effectively
remove the decarboxylation products from crude materials of the
perylimides I.
[0070] X-ray structural analysis showed a solvate of perylimide Ia
with p-xylene in a molar ratio of 1:1 having the following
crystallographic data: space group P ca2.sub.1, a=1825.1(3) pm,
b=830.9(1) pm, c=2988.9(5) pm, R1=0.0638, wR2=0.1682.
Example 3
[0071] A mixture of 3 g of the perylimide Ia and 30 ml of
N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) was stirred at 80.degree. C. for 8 d.
After cooling to 20.degree. C., the resulting crystal slurry was
filtered off and washed briefly with cold NMP.
[0072] The X-ray powder diagram (CuK.sub..alpha.) of the NMP-damp
crystalline product had significant lines at d values of 15.3,
8.36, 7.64, 7.36, 6.48, 5.95, 5.85, 5.65, 5.56, 5.10, 4.36, 4.14
and 3.87 .ANG. (illustrated in FIG. 2). The comparison of the X-ray
powder diagrams of Example 2 and Example 3 gave the isomorphicity
of the two solvates.
[0073] The crystals dried under gentle conditions lost a total of
12.1% of their weight under thermal treatment at 201-218.degree.
C., which corresponds to the loss of 1 mol of NMP from a solvate of
molar composition 1: 1 (calc. 12.2% by weight).
[0074] Elemental analysis (% by weight calc./found):
[0075] C, 78.6/78.2; H, 6.4/6.8; N, 5.2/5.2; O, 9.9/10.4.
Comparative Example C
[0076] 6 g of the perylimide Ia were dissolved in 200 ml of NMP at
100.degree. C. After stirring for 20 minutes at this temperature,
the solution was filtered at 100.degree. C. and poured into 2 000
ml of a 1:1 mixture (v/v) of methanol and water within 5 min with
vigorous stirring.
[0077] The red, voluminous precipitate which precipitated out was
filtered off, washed with water and dried under reduced pressure at
100.degree. C. for 24 h.
[0078] The X-ray powder diagram of the material obtained only
showed 4 broad lines whose average d values (15.7, 6.95, 5.88, 3.47
.ANG.) correspond to the molecular dimensions of the perylimide Ia
and it therefore proved to be substantially X-ray-amorphous.
Example 4
[0079] A mixture of 2 g of the perylimide Ia and 50 ml of glacial
acetic acid was stirred at room temperature for 14 h. The crystals
were filtered off and separated into two halves.
[0080] One half was dried under air at room temperature. The X-ray
powder diagram (CuK.sub..alpha.) of the product dried in this way
had significant lines at d values of 14.7, 8.64, 7.73, 7.27, 6.69,
6.14, 5.75, 5.68, 4.98, 4.54, 4.49, 4.35, 4.13 and 3.87 .ANG..
[0081] Thermal treatment at 115-196.degree. C. resulted in the
crystals dried under air losing a total of 13.8% of their weight,
which corresponds to the loss of 2 mol of acetic acid from a
solvate of the molar composition 2: 1 (calc. 14.4%).
[0082] The other half was dried under reduced pressure at
80.degree. C. This resulted in acetic acid-free perylimide Ia being
obtained in the crystalline form B (perylimide B) having
significant lines in the X-ray powder diagram (CuK.sub..alpha.) at
the following d values (FIG. 3): 15.3, 7.68, 7.32, 7.15, 5.99,
5.59, 5.33, 4.98, 4.24, 3.86 and 3.235 .ANG..
Example 5
[0083] 3 g of the perylimide Ia were dissolved in 50 ml of
methoxybenzene in the heat of boiling. The solution was then
initially cooled gradually to room temperature and then cooled
further in an ice bath. The crystals were filtered off, washed with
a little cold methoxybenzene and dried at room temperature and a
pressure of 10 kPa for 24 h.
[0084] The X-ray powder diagram of the perylimide Ia present in the
form of shiny platelets suggested that there was a mixture of
different solvate phases of the molar composition 1:1. Grinding
with a mortar resulted in a further change in the line positions,
while the composition remained unchanged.
[0085] Elemental analysis (96 by weight calc./found):
[0086] C, 80.7/80.4; H, 6.2/6.1; N, 3.4/3.4; O, 9.8/9.7.
Example 6
[0087] 2 g of the perylimide Ia were dissolved in 150 ml of
dimethylacetamide in the heat of boiling. The solution was then
gradually cooled to room temperature. After storing for three days
at room temperature, the crystals were filtered off, washed with a
little cold dimethylacetamide and dried at room temperature and a
pressure of 10 kPa for 24 h.
[0088] Elemental analysis of the perylimide Ia present in the form
of shiny platelets showed a solvate of molar composition 1: 1 whose
X-ray powder diagram (CuK.sub..alpha.) showed significant lines at
the following d values: 15.2, 7.60, 7.35, 6.46, 5.07, 4.34, 3.87
and 3.47 .ANG..
[0089] Elemental analysis (% by weight calc./found):
[0090] C, 78.3/77.9; H, 6.4/6.4; N, 5.3/5.4.
Example 7
[0091] 2 g of the perylimide Ia were dissolved in 40 g of oleum
(100% by weight sulfuric acid) at room temperature. After stirring
for 15 minutes, the sulfuric acid concentration was reduced to 82%
by weight by metering in a total of 10.2 ml of 20% by weight
sulfuric acid within 120 min while maintaining a temperature of
25-30.degree. C. The resulting crystal suspension was stirred at
20.degree. C. for 48 h and then filtered through a G4 glas
frit.
[0092] The resulting red crystals which were damp with sulfuric
acid were characterized with exclusion of air by a Debye-Scherrer
diagram. There were significant lines at the following d values:
10.24, 7.80, 6.77, 6.24, 5.61, 5.34, 4.58, 4.42, 4.01, 3.805 and
3.415 .ANG.. A similar experimental procedure and the setting of
end sulfuric acid concentrations of 80% by weight, 84% by weight
and 86% by weight resulted in crystals having identical X-ray
powder diagrams being obtained.
Example 8
[0093] A mixture of 2 g of the perylimide Ia and 40 g of 84% by
weight sulfuric acid was stirred at 20.degree. C. for 48 h. The
resulting crystal slurry was filtered through a G4 glass frit.
[0094] The resulting red crystals which were damp with sulfuric
acid were characterized with exclusion of air by a Debye-Scherrer
diagram (CuK.sub..alpha.). There were significant lines at the
following d values: 10.24, 7.80, 6.77, 6.24, 5.61, 5.34, 4.58,
4.42, 4.01, 3.805 and 3.415 .ANG..
[0095] A similar experimental procedure and the setting of end
sulfuric acid concentrations of 86% by weight and 90% by weight
resulted in crystals having identical X-ray powder diagrams being
obtained.
Example 9
[0096] A mixture of 2 g of the perylimide Ia and 40 g of 82% by
weight sulfuric acid was stirred at 20.degree. C. for 48 h. The
resulting crystal slurry was filtered through a G4 glass frit.
[0097] The resulting red crystals which were damp with sulfuric
acid were characterized with exclusion of air by a Debye-Scherrer
diagram (CuK.sub..alpha.). There were significant lines at the
following d values: 9.74, 9.27, 7.73, 7.13, 5.80, 4.7 and 4.11
.ANG..
[0098] A similar experimental procedure and the setting of end
sulfuric acid concentrations of 80% by weight resulted in crystals
having identical X-ray powder diagrams being obtained.
Example 10
[0099] 12.5 g of the perylimide Ia were dissolved in 250 g of oleum
(100% by weight sulfuric acid) at room temperature. After stirring
for 15 minutes, the sulfuric acid concentration was reduced to
92.4% by weight by metering in a total of 23 ml of 20% by weight
sulfuric acid within 300 min while maintaining a temperature of
25-30.degree. C. The resulting crystal suspension was stirred for 4
h and then filtered through a G4 glass frit. The crystal slurry was
spread out thinly and hydrolyzed under air for 12 h. During this
time, the sulfuric acid took up further water. After stirring the
crystal suspension in 500 ml of water, the crystals were filtered
off, washed to neutrality with water and dried to constant weight
at 80.degree. C.
[0100] The crystalline form C of the perylimide Ia (perylimide C)
was obtained in the form of dark orange-colored crystals having
significant lines in the X-ray powder diagram (CuK.sub..alpha.) at
the following d values (FIG. 4): 10.67, 9.88, 9.36, 7.82, 7.16,
6.89, 5.74, 5.49, 4.68, 4.085, 3.354 and 3.252 .ANG..
Example 11
[0101] 9.6 kg of the perylimide Ia were introduced into 144 kg of
concentrated sulfuric acid (96% by weight) with vigorous stirring
within 20 min. The stirring was continued for 90 min at an internal
temperature of 28.degree. C. until complete dissolution. The
sulfuric acid concentration was then reduced to 92% by weight by
metering in 6.2 kg of water within 240 min. The resulting crystal
slurry was filtered off, washed three times with 10 l of 87% by
weight sulfuric acid and then stirred in 70 l of water at
50-60.degree. C. for 60 min. The crystal slurry was filtered off,
washed to neutrality with water and dried to constant weight at
100.degree. C.
[0102] The crystalline form D of the perylimide Ia (perylimide D)
was obtained in the form of dark orange-colored crystals having
significant lines in the X-ray powder diagram (CuK.sub..alpha.) at
the following d values (FIG. 5): 9.7, 8.6, 7.85, 6.88, 4.83, 4.13
and 3.81 .ANG..
Example 12
[0103] 23 g of the 1:1 solvate of the perylimide Ia with NMP
(Example 4) were stirred under reflux in 146 g of glacial acetic
acid for 15 h. The crystal suspension was allowed to cool to
70-80.degree. C. The crystal slurry was then filtered off, and
washed initially with 32 g of glacial acetic acid at 60-70.degree.
C., then with 140 ml of water and afterwards with 500 ml of 2% by
weight ammonia solution. After washing to neutrality with water and
driving out the water with ethanol, the filter cake was dried at
100.degree. C.
[0104] The crystalline form E of the perylimide Ia (perylimide E)
was obtained in the form of orange-colored crystals having
significant lines in the X-ray powder diagram (CuK.sub..alpha.) at
the following d values (FIG. 6): 15.2, 14.7, 8.04, 7.76, 7.36,
6.43, 5.59, 4.99, 4.25, 4.14 and 3.863 .ANG..
Examples 13 to 21
[0105] 2 g of the perylimide Ia were dissolved in x ml of the
solvent L at T.degree. C. Undissolved starting material was
filtered off at T.degree. C. The filtrates were cooled to room
temperature within t h. The orange to orange-red crystals formed
were filtered off and dried under reduced pressure at room
temperature.
[0106] Further details of these experiments and also the d values
of the significant lines in the particular X-ray powder diagrams
are compiled in the following table.
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE d values Ex. x [ml] L T [.degree. C.] t [h]
[.ANG.] 13 100 Nitro- 150 4 20.4, 11.8, 8.32, 7.81, 7.20, benzene
6.80, 6.49, 6.14, 5.408, 4.947, 4.083, 3.927 14 100 Phenyl 150 4
16.1, 14.2, 10.3, 8.48, 7.61, glycol 6.793, 5.180, 4.237 15 100
n-Butanol 90 2 14.7, 8.26, 7.47, 6.44, 5.633, 4.879, 4.240, 3.923,
3.842, 3.743 16 150 Methyl 60 2 14.7, 14.45, 7.45, 7.31, glycol
6.40, 4.834, 4.212, 3.894 17 100 Cyclo- 80 2 11.8, 8.4, 7.17, 6.48,
5.89, hexanol 5.44, 5.284, 4.68, 4.49, 3.55 18 100 Chloro- 120 6
20.5, 13.6, 11.8, 7.75, 7.20, benzene 6.84, 6.58, 6.19, 4.53, 3.956
19 50 Benzyl 130 6 15.6, 9.62, 9.28, 8.296, alcohol 7.973, 6.369,
6.045, 5.155, 4.462, 4.157, 3.888, 3.353 20 150 Butyl 130 4 7.94,
7.232, 7.12, 5.92, glycol 4.96, 4.79, 4.62, 3.986, 3.63, 3.555 21
75 Methyl 130 4 15.2, 14.8, 14.4, 8.86, 7.82, benzoate 6.84, 6.75,
5.8, 5.00, 4.42
* * * * *