U.S. patent application number 11/989954 was filed with the patent office on 2010-08-19 for computerized information collection and training method and apparatus.
This patent application is currently assigned to VIGIL SYSTEMS PTY LTD. Invention is credited to Ian Haynes, Stephen Larkin, Sean Rogers, Bradley Schultz.
Application Number | 20100208070 11/989954 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 37727017 |
Filed Date | 2010-08-19 |
United States Patent
Application |
20100208070 |
Kind Code |
A2 |
Haynes; Ian ; et
al. |
August 19, 2010 |
COMPUTERIZED INFORMATION COLLECTION AND TRAINING METHOD AND
APPARATUS
Abstract
A method and apparatus (10) for collecting information relating
to a driver of a motor vehicle using portable computing apparatus
(12), cameras (13) for capturing an image or images relating to
operation of the vehicle by the driver and a location sensor (14)
for providing information relating to location of the vehicle. The
computing apparatus is capable of recording information from an
observer relating to operation of the vehicle by the driver to
enable the driver to be assessed. The method and apparatus may be
applied to capturing information relating to any observable scene.
Information collected as above may be used for a training or an
information program for drivers or users of vehicles.
Inventors: |
Haynes; Ian; (Brisbane,
AU) ; Schultz; Bradley; (Brisbane, AU) ;
Larkin; Stephen; (Brisbane, AU) ; Rogers; Sean;
(Brisbane, AU) |
Correspondence
Address: |
HOFFMAN WASSON & GITLER, P.C;CRYSTAL CENTER 2, SUITE 522
2461 SOUTH CLARK STREET
ARLINGTON
VA
22202-3843
UNITED STATES
7034150100
|
Assignee: |
VIGIL SYSTEMS PTY LTD
P.O. Box 4172 Eight Mile Plains
Brisbane
QL
4113
|
Prior
Publication: |
|
Document Identifier |
Publication Date |
|
US 20090262191 A1 |
October 22, 2009 |
|
|
Family ID: |
37727017 |
Appl. No.: |
11/989954 |
Filed: |
February 4, 2008 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
348/148;
348/E7.085; 382/190 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B60K 2370/566 20190501;
G07C 5/085 20130101; G07C 5/0858 20130101; G07C 5/0891 20130101;
G09B 19/167 20130101; B60K 2370/573 20190501 |
Class at
Publication: |
348/148; 382/190;
348/E07.085 |
International
Class: |
H04N 7/18 20060101
H04N007/18; G06F 17/00 20060101 G06F017/00; G06K 9/46 20060101
G06K009/46 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Aug 5, 2005 |
AU |
2005904216 |
Oct 19, 2005 |
AU |
2005905766 |
Claims
1-45. (canceled)
46. Apparatus for collecting information relating to an observable
scene or scenes, said apparatus comprising computing apparatus,
image capturing means for capturing an image or images of said
scene or scenes, means for recording in said computing apparatus
image data relating to said image or images captured by said image
capturing means, location sensing means for providing location data
relating to said captured images, means for recording in said
computing apparatus said location data from said location sensing
means, said location data being synchronized with said recorded
image data, and input means for external input of information
relating to said image data and/or said location data for recording
in said computing apparatus.
47. Apparatus as claimed in claim 46 wherein said imaging capturing
means and location sensing means are located in or on a vehicle
from which said image and location data are captured and
recorded.
48. Apparatus as claimed in claim 46 wherein said computing
apparatus includes image display means adapted to display a table
or form into which information may be inserted using said input
means for storage in said table or form.
49. Apparatus as claimed in claim 46 wherein said input means
comprising one or more of a stylus, touch screen, computer mouse,
trackball, smart pen for use with smart paper, keyboard, keypad, a
microphone associated with voice recognition software, a game pad
or a joystick.
50. Apparatus as claimed in claim 46 wherein said image data
comprises video image data and/or still image data captured using
one or more of a camera, a web cam, a separately recorded camcorder
video, a PDA camera, time and/or location stamped still camera, or
cell phone camera.
51. Apparatus as claimed in claim 46 wherein said location data
comprises geographical data derived from one or more of a GPS
positioning system, European Satellite Navigation System (GALILEO),
Russian Global Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS), radio beacon
based location technologies (802.11, Bluetooth, GSM),
micro-location sensors or from an RF ID tag.
52. Apparatus as claimed in claim 47 and used for assessing a
driver of a motor vehicle during operation of said vehicle by said
driver and wherein said observable scene or scenes comprise views
of said driver and/or views from said vehicle, said image capturing
means being adapted to capture image data relating to operation of
said vehicle by said driver, said location sensing means being
adapted to obtain location data of said vehicle, and wherein said
input means is adapted to receive input of data from an observer
during and relating to operation of said vehicle by said
driver.
53. Apparatus as claimed in claim 52 wherein said computing
apparatus includes means for analyzing said data and for providing
one or more reports relating to operation of the vehicle by said
driver based on said data.
54. Apparatus as claimed in claim 52 wherein said image data
comprises captured image data as recorded by one or more video
cameras showing a particular vehicle route traveled by a vehicle
and/or the vehicle operator and wherein said location data is
derived from a GPS sensor used to sense geographical location of
the vehicle.
55. Apparatus as claimed in claim 52 and including means for
monitoring and recording further data relating to operational
parameters of a vehicle, said monitored vehicle parameters comprise
one or more of the following: Pattern Recognition (position of the
vehicle on a road or within a lane on a road). Object Tracking
(distance to other vehicles). Vehicle inertia (to measure vehicle
acceleration, deceleration and vehicle body movement as in
cornering and stopping). Accelerator use. Brake use. Indicator use.
Engine RPM. Fuel use. Driver face/eye movement.
56. Apparatus as claimed in claim 52 wherein said input data
provided by the observer is input under predetermined categories
into the computing apparatus on a displayed form or table, said
predetermined categories relating to the vehicle operation and/or
the vehicle driver.
57. A method of collecting information relating to an observable
scene or scenes, said method comprising the steps of: capturing and
recording in computing apparatus, image data relating to said scene
or scenes, recording in said computer apparatus, location data
corresponding to said image data, said location data being
synchronised with said recorded image data, and recording in said
computing apparatus, external information relating to said recorded
image and/or location data.
58. A method as claimed in claim 57 and used for assessing a driver
of a motor vehicle during operation of said vehicle by said driver,
said observable scene or scenes comprises views of said driver
and/or views from said vehicle and wherein said image data and
location data relate to operation of said vehicle by said driver,
and wherein said external information recorded in said computing
apparatus relating to said recorded image and/or location data
comprises input data from an observer during and relating to
operation of said vehicle by said driver.
59. A method as claimed in claim 57 and used for assessing an
operator of machinery or equipment during operation of said
machinery or equipment by said operator, and wherein said step of
capturing and recording said image data and location data comprises
the step of capturing data relating to operation of said machinery
or equipment by said operator, and wherein said step of recording
said external information comprises the step of recording input
data from an observer during and relating to operation of said
machinery or equipment by said operator, and comprising the further
step of analyzing said data and providing a report or reports of
operation of said machinery or equipment by said operator based on
said analysed data.
60. Apparatus as claimed in claim 46 and used for assessing an
operator of a machinery or equipment, and wherein said observable
scene or scenes comprise image data relating to operation of said
machinery or equipment by said operator, said location sensing
means being adapted to obtaining location data relating to
operation of said machinery or equipment by said operator, and
wherein said input means is adapted to receive input data from an
observer during and relating to operation of said machinery or
equipment by said operator.
61. Apparatus as claimed in claim 60 wherein said computing
apparatus includes means for analyzing said data and for providing
one or more reports relating to operation of said machinery or
equipment by the operator based on the data.
62. Apparatus for preparing a computer-base route training or
identification program in relation to a route to be undertaken by a
vehicle operator, said apparatus comprising computing apparatus,
image capturing means for capturing image data relating to said
route, location sensing means for obtaining location data relating
to said route, said computing apparatus being adapted to receive
and store said image data and location data, said location data
being synchronized with said image data, and input means associated
with said computing apparatus for receiving external input of data
from an observer relating to said route to enable compiling of a
computer-based training program based on said data.
63. Apparatus as claimed in claim 62 wherein said image capturing
means comprise a plurality of cameras mounted to the vehicle for
capturing video image data providing different images of said
training route.
64. Apparatus as claimed in any claim 63 and including means for
capturing and recording further data relating to the vehicle, said
further data comprising one or more of data from engine interfaces,
following distance sensors and inertial sensors.
65. Apparatus as claimed in claim 63 and including means for
displaying said image data and location data on a map a display
screen of said computing apparatus.
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] This invention relates to a computerised information
collection method and apparatus and a method of, and apparatus for,
training based on the information collected. The present invention
is particularly but not exclusively suited to use in collecting
information on drivers operating vehicles for assessment of drivers
undertaking a driver training or testing program. The present
invention is also particularly but not exclusively suited to the
training of or informing drivers or users of motor vehicles. The
method and apparatus of the invention however may be used for the
purposes of information collection and/or training in a wide range
of applications.
BACKGROUND ART
[0002] Driver error accounts for more than 90% of all road traffic
collisions. Most accidents are not caused by unsafe cars or
dangerous roads but by drivers making mistakes. Identifying,
managing and correcting unsafe driving behavior is crucial to
reducing the costs and risks associated with accidents. Passenger
transport organizations worldwide are facing similar challenges in
managing the risk profile of their drivers. There are significant
costs associated with accidents and incidents, including insurance,
liability claims, vehicle and property damage, injuries and
fatalities.
[0003] In our U.S. Pat. No. 6,470,240, we disclose a driver
training system to improve the safety and competency of drivers. In
that system, a portable sensing unit is temporarily mounted into a
vehicle to measure and record driver behaviour during an on-road
training session. Measurement and recording of the driver's
behaviour however is simply by means of the sensing unit with no
input from a third party such as a driver instructor or tester.
[0004] Currently, several in-vehicle technologies are available to
intervene when hazardous driving is detected. Antilock Braking
Systems (ABS), Electronic Stability Programs (ESP), Collision
avoidance systems (CAS), Lane Departure Warning systems and
Adaptive Cruise Control systems are all advanced `last-minute`
intervention technologies that have the ability to reduce the
incidence of injury during the vital seconds before a crash. These
technologies are predominantly found in passenger cars, as opposed
to large commercial vehicles, such as buses. These intervention
technologies do not allow the managers of professional transit
drivers to intervene as the likelihood of crash or other incident
increases nor do they provide information relating to correct
operation of a motor vehicle. Larger vehicles such as buses may
have "black box" technologies installed to record data however
these provide date only after an event has occurred.
[0005] In order to ensure safety and service standards are
maintained at all times, transport operators seek an effective
approach to monitor and assess drivers during service hours as well
as during training and licensing processes. These assessments may
include assessments of driving skill, conduct or business to
organizational standards, passenger interaction, driving to road
rules and other driving aspects. Ensuring the safety of passengers
and other road users is a primary objective for transport
operators.
[0006] It would be desirable for an onboard instructor or tester to
be able to collect information whilst observing a vehicle driver
during operation of a vehicle and provide advanced input upon which
a subsequent driver assessment report can be based so as to provide
an enhanced training facility for vehicle drivers.
[0007] Inspection of other non-driving procedures or processes to
ensure for example correct and efficient operation of those
procedures or processes is usually undertaken manually by trained
personnel using basic recording equipment which may be as simple as
a form or pad upon which information is written. Similarly, manual
inspections of factories, warehouses or other establishments are
generally undertaken as part of an auditing program using basic
recording equipment as above. It would be desirable to provide a
means whereby information relating to such procedures, processes or
establishments could be more efficiently recorded to provide an
enhanced means for assessment of such procedures, processes or
establishments or persons involved in such procedures, processes or
establishments.
[0008] It would also desirable to be able to train vehicle
operators as to particular geographical routes that the vehicle
controlled by the operator is required to travel and to train the
operator to recognize certain locations along that route. Potential
training applications include bus driver routes and other
application where training must be delivered related to an accurate
geographical location or route such as homeland security
applications, rail and light rail applications, dangerous goods
transport applications, oil and gas transport applications, mining
vehicle applications, airport flightside applications, marine and
military applications.
[0009] It would also be desirable to enable information to be
collected on operation of other machinery or equipment to enables
assessment thereof to ensure machinery or other equipment is
operated by operators in an efficient, correct or safe manner or to
ensure trainee operators are trained correctly in the operation of
such machinery and equipment.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0010] The present invention thus aims to provide in one aspect a
computerised information collection method and apparatus which are
particularly but not exclusively suited to use in collecting
information on operators of machinery or equipment or individuals
undertaking other observable tasks for the purposes of assessing
the operation of the machinery or equipment. In a particular
aspect, the present invention aims to provide a method and
apparatus for collecting information on operation of vehicles by
drivers of vehicles to enable assessment of drivers undertaking a
driver training or testing program. In a further aspect, the
present invention aims to provide a method and apparatus for
collecting information of other observable scenes such as for
collecting information on certain processes or establishments for
auditing or inspection purposes. In yet another aspect, the present
invention aims to provide a training method and apparatus for
vehicle operators and in particular to a route training method and
apparatus. The present invention further aims to provide a method
and apparatus for preparing a computer-based route training program
using the above referred to information collection method and
apparatus. Other objects and advantages of the invention will
become apparent from the following description.
[0011] The present invention thus provides in a first preferred
aspect, a method of collecting information relating to an
observable scene comprising the steps of capturing and recording in
computing apparatus, image data relating to said scene, recording
in said computer apparatus, location data corresponding to said
image data, said location data being synchronised with said
recorded image data, and providing in said computing apparatus,
means for recording information relating to said recorded image
and/or location data.
[0012] The present invention in further aspect provides apparatus
for collecting information relating to an observable scene, said
apparatus including computing apparatus, image capturing means for
capturing an image or images of said scene, means for recording in
said computing apparatus, image data capturing by said image
capturing means, location sensing means, means for recording in
said computing apparatus, location data sensed by said location
sensing means, said location data being synchronized with said
recorded image data, and input means for recording in said
computing apparatus, information relating to said image data and/or
said location data.
[0013] The computing apparatus may comprise a portable computer
such as a tablet PC, a pocket or palm PC or laptop computer.
Alternatively the computing apparatus may, depending upon the
application, comprise a fixed computer or an onboard computer on a
vehicle from which images are captured and recorded. Preferably the
imaging capturing means, location sensing means and computing means
are located in a vehicle from which the image and location data are
captured and recorded.
[0014] The apparatus may additionally include one or more sensors
for sensing further data and means are suitably provided for
recording the further data in the computing apparatus at the same
time as recording of the image and/or location data.
[0015] The computing apparatus may comprise a single computer for
the recording of all data including the image and location data.
Alternatively the computing apparatus may include first computer
means for recording the image and location data or any other data
and a second computer means comprising the input means for
recording the information relating to the image and/or location
data.
[0016] The first computer means may comprise a tablet PC, a PDA
(pocket or palm PC), a laptop computer, an in-vehicle PC, a desktop
PC, a cell phone, a customized embedded computer or any other
computing device.
[0017] The second computer means may comprise a tablet PC, a PDA
(pocket or palm PC), a cell phone, smart paper, a laptop computer
or other computing platform. The interface to the input means may
comprise one or more of a stylus, touch screen, mouse, trackball,
smart pen for use with smart paper, keyboard, keypad, microphone
associated with voice recognition software, a game pad or a
joystick.
[0018] The computer means or apparatus for recording information
relating to the image data and/or location data may display a table
or form into which information may be inserted using an interface
as referred to above and stored.
[0019] The image data may be video or still image data captured
using any form of camera, a web cam, a separately recorded
camcorder video, a PDA camera, time and/or location stamped still
camera, or cell phone camera.
[0020] The location data may be data derived from any positioning
system such as GPS, European Satellite Navigation System (GALILEO),
Russian Global Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS), radio beacon
based location technologies (802.11, Bluetooth, GSM),
micro-location sensors or from an RF ID tag.
[0021] The information recorded and derived as above may be stored
in single or multiple files from which particular information can
be extracted to permit assessment of the stored information. In the
case where a person undertaking a particular task is being
monitored using the apparatus and method of the invention, the
stored information can be extracted to determine whether that
person is undertaking the task correctly or efficiently which
enables corrective or counselling actions to be formulated if
required. The information can be extracted by any standard database
and reporting tools. Custom algorithms may be used to extract
further information from the data not available using standard
databases or reporting tools. Algorithms can be used to detect
certain patterns which may require correction. The recorded data
may also be subject to statistical analysis for any purposes.
[0022] In a particular aspect of the invention relating to motor
vehicle drivers, the present invention provides a method of
assessing a driver of a motor vehicle during operation of said
vehicle by said driver, said method comprising the steps of
monitoring and recording in computing apparatus, image data and
location data relating to operation of said vehicle by said driver,
said location data being synchronized with said image data,
recording in said computing apparatus, input data from an observer
during and relating to operation of said vehicle by said
driver.
[0023] Preferably the computing apparatus is capable of analyzing
the recorded data and providing a report or reports of operation of
the vehicle by the driver based on the recorded data.
[0024] The present invention in another aspect provides apparatus
for assessing a driver of a motor vehicle during operation of said
vehicle by said driver, said apparatus comprising computing
apparatus, image capturing means for capturing image data relating
to operation of said vehicle by said driver, location sensing means
for obtaining location data of said vehicle, said computing
apparatus being adapted to store said image data and location data
synchronized with said image data, and input means associated with
said computing apparatus for input of data from an observer during
and relating to operation of said vehicle by said driver.
[0025] Preferably the computing apparatus includes means for
analyzing the data and for providing one or more reports relating
to operation of the vehicle by said driver based on the data.
[0026] The image data most preferably includes captured image data
as recorded for example by one or more video cameras showing a
particular vehicle route traveled by a vehicle and/or the vehicle
operator. The location data typically may be derived from a GPS
sensor used to sense geographical location of the vehicle.
[0027] The apparatus may also include means for monitoring and
recorded in the computing apparatus further data relating to
operational parameters of a vehicle. The monitored vehicle
parameters may comprise one or more of the following: [0028]
Pattern Recognition (position of the vehicle on a road or within a
lane on a road). [0029] Object Tracking (distance to other
vehicles). [0030] Vehicle inertia (to measure vehicle acceleration,
deceleration and vehicle body movement such as in cornering and
stopping). [0031] Accelerator use. [0032] Brake use. [0033]
Indicator use. [0034] Engine RPM. [0035] Fuel use. [0036] Driver
face/eye movement.
[0037] Preferably the input data provided by the observer is input
under predetermined categories into the computing apparatus, the
predetermined categories relating to the vehicle operation and/or
the vehicle driver. Preferably the predetermined categories can be
selectively displayed on the computing apparatus to enable input by
the observer under a predetermined category or categories.
Preferably the categories are displayed on a form or table, which
can receive input from the observer under one or more of the
categories. Typically the observer is a driver trainer or tester or
other person skilled or expert in driving. The input means may
comprise any known input device associated with the computing
platform being used. For example the input may be input provided by
a stylus in the case of a tablet or pocket PC or a mouse in the
case of a laptop PC. The input may be a simple logic type answer
such as a YES/NO answer. The form or table may include a default
answer which may be accepted by or changed by the trainer or
tester.
[0038] The input data provided by the trainer or tester is recorded
with the image and location data suitably in a database and
analysis of that data by the computing apparatus provides
information on operation of the vehicle operation which may produce
a report or reports relating to vehicle operation.
[0039] Whilst the method and apparatus of the invention as
described above are typically applicable to driver training and
testing, they may be applied to the operation of other machinery or
equipment and thus reference to monitored parameters include where
relevant reference to monitored parameters of machinery or
equipment.
[0040] The present invention thus provides in a further preferred
aspect, a method of assessing an operator of machinery or equipment
during operation of said machinery or equipment by said operator,
said method comprising the steps of monitoring and recording in
computing apparatus, image data and location data synchronized with
said image data relating to operation of said machinery or
equipment by said operator, recording in said computing apparatus,
input data from an observer during and relating to operation of
said machinery or equipment by said operator, and analyzing said
data and providing a report or reports of operation of said
machinery or equipment by said operator based on said analysed
data.
[0041] The present invention in yet another aspect provides
apparatus for assessing an operator of a machinery or equipment,
said apparatus comprising computing apparatus, image capturing
means for capturing image data relating to operation of said
machinery or equipment by said operator, location sensing means for
obtaining location data relating to operation of said machinery or
equipment by said operator, said computing apparatus being adapted
to record said image data and location data synchronized with said
image data and input means associated with said computing apparatus
for receiving input data from an observer during and relating to
operation of said machinery or equipment by said operator.
[0042] Preferably the computing apparatus includes means for
analyzing the data and for providing one or more reports relating
to operation of said machinery or equipment by the operator based
on the data. Analyzing of the data and providing of the reports is
suitably undertaken by using suitable software.
[0043] The reference to an observer above includes an instructor or
expert in the operation of a vehicle or machinery or other
equipment.
[0044] The present invention in another preferred aspect provides a
method of collecting information on a procedure, process or
establishment, said method comprising the steps of recording in
computing apparatus image data and location data synchronized with
said image data relating to said procedure, process or
establishment and recording in said computing apparatus, input data
from an observer relating to said procedure, process or
establishment
[0045] The present invention in yet a further aspect provides
apparatus for collecting information on a procedure, process or
establishment, said apparatus comprising computing apparatus, image
capturing means for capturing image data relating to said
procedure, process or establishment, locating sensing means for
obtaining location data relating to said procedure, process or
establishment, said computing apparatus being adapted to store said
image data and location data synchronized with said image data
relating to said procedure, process or establishment and input
means for receiving input of data from an observer relating to said
procedure, process or establishment.
[0046] The present invention provides in another preferred aspect,
a method of preparing a computer-base route training program for
vehicle operators comprising the steps of selecting a route in
relation to which training is to be undertaken, recording and
storing in computing apparatus video image data and location
information data about said selected route, and compiling a
computer-based training program based on said recorded and stored
data.
[0047] Typically the image data and location data are recorded on
image capturing means and location sensing means on a vehicle
traveling along said route. Preferably the method also includes the
step of recording further input data from an observer or trainer
relating to the selected route, the further data being used in the
training program.
[0048] The present invention provides in another preferred aspect,
apparatus for preparing a computer-base route training or
identification program in relation to a route to be undertaken by a
vehicle operator, said apparatus comprising computing apparatus,
image capturing means for capturing image data relating to said
route, location sensing means for obtaining location data relating
to said route, said computing apparatus being adapted to store said
image data and location data, and input means associated with said
computing apparatus for receiving input of data from an observer
relating to said route to enable compiling of a computer-based
training program based on said data.
[0049] Preferably the computer-based training or identification
program is prepared at a fixed location and using appropriate
authoring tools after recording of the above referred to data.
[0050] The image data and location data may be recorded using any
vehicle, a laptop computer, and recording hardware. The recording
hardware can be attached to any vehicle of any type (including
bicycles and motorcycles). Typically the location recording
hardware fits in a briefcase and will function anywhere location
information data can be ascertained for example from a satellite, a
global positioning system (GPS), from radio location, a track
sector or speed transponder or from any other deployed location
mechanism or system.
[0051] The image capturing means suitably comprises one or more
cameras but preferably a plurality of video cameras. Most
preferably four video cameras mounted to the vehicle for capturing
video image data providing different images or perspectives of the
route. Recording software associated with the hardware allows the
operator to focus on capturing the highest quality information
concerning the route. The computer based training or identification
program may also be prepared using other data relating to the
vehicle such as data derived from vehicle sensors such as engine
interfaces, following distance sensors and inertial sensors. This
data may also be recorded and stored for use in preparation of the
training or identification program.
[0052] Preferably the video image data from the video cameras is
synchronized with location, speed and other sensed and recorded
data. The aforesaid data may be synchronized and multiplexed into
the audio stream of Windows media files using real time
multiplexing and compression algorithms. This information can then
be de-multiplexed into vehicle information data, and audio, video
and location information to be displayed to a trainee.
Alternatively, multiple files for video and other data may be
employed using time-based synchronization.
[0053] The training program of the invention can be used for
training tasks focused on routes to be traversed as well as
locations to be visited, for example transit bus routes and
pick-up/delivery locations, mining haul roads, parcel delivery
routes and pick-up/delivery locations, fuel delivery routes and
drop off locations and military patrols routes and locations.
[0054] Trainers or authors of the program can integrate their own
existing training materials into the training program including
slideshows, animations, video, narrations and written
documents.
[0055] The training or identification program may have the
capability of presenting multiple windows including video images,
mapping, other computer-based training content (macromedia flash
animations, video etc) and text.
[0056] Points of interest along a particular route can be inserted
by a trainer or author using the input means and may be classified
for example as "Customer Service Issues", "Operator Issues" or
"Safety Issues", and the trainer/author can define these issues in
the context of the route. These points of interest may be linked to
a timeline and a geographical location along the route and linked
to specific frames or sections of video.
[0057] The use of a route database allows trainers/authors to
define many routes typically hundreds of routes, and update them as
routes change or as other issues with the routes become evident.
Route changes can then be tracked using route modification
history.
[0058] Using standard computer based training authoring tools; HTML
quizzes can be embedded in the training program. Links can also be
provided to other program materials. Sub-titles and voice-over
support can additionally be added to the program to allow the
trainer/author to provide a running commentary to the route. The
resultant program can be published into a single deployable file. A
trainee or other person using the program is able to navigate
vehicle information data, audio, video and information location in
synchronization by navigating in time, space (maps) or by specific
events. Information "kiosk-style" navigation means that trainees or
other persons with no previous computer experience can view the
route information
[0059] Navigation buttons may be provided to allow trainees or
other persons to work through the route at their own pace,
absorbing as much information as possible. Each point of interest
along the route is linked to the training materials inserted and
authored by the trainer/author.
[0060] Trainees can be tested at any time during use of the program
before being allowed to progress to the next phase of training.
[0061] Detailed aerial photography or satellite imagery and the
video camera views help to orientate trainees in the route
environment.
[0062] Points of interest highlighted by driver trainers ensure
that trainees concentrate on significant parts of the route, and do
not waste time on learning about irrelevant parts of a journey.
[0063] Whilst the program of the invention is particularly suited
to use by persons undergoing a driver training program in relation
to a particular route to be undertaken, it may also be used by
other persons wishing to obtain information about a particular
route to be undertaken. Whilst the program is usually undertaken at
a fixed location remote from a vehicle, the program may also be
used within a vehicle by a driver seeking information about a
route.
[0064] In another aspect of the invention, each recorded route may
be broken up into individual route segments with each segment
comprising part of the route in relation to which training is to be
undertaken and containing relevant video images and location
information relating to that route segment. Each route segment also
may contain "hotspot" and/or "hotzone" information. Each route
segment is stored in a database as a separate file. Thus should a
change occur in a portion of a route, the route segment of that
route portion can be updated and re-recorded rather than requiring
re-recording of the entire route. To view a required route, the
appropriate route segments which constitute that route can be
played back in the correct order. Furthermore where different
routes have some overlap, overlapping route segments are only
required to be recorded once. Thus video image information,
location data information and "hotspot" and "hotzone" information
could be captured and recorded in database in separate route
segment files of all roads in a country.
[0065] A user may then in seeking driving directions for a
particular route search the database and receive information and
directions relating to the particular route assembled from a
plurality of route segment files which make up that route, the
route being presented as video images, location data (as indicated
on a map) and where relevant "hotspot" or "hotzone"
information.
[0066] Whilst the route training program is capable of being played
back through a software programmed computing platform, it may be
streamed through a web-based viewing/learning tool so as to be
accessible to persons requiring information on a particular route
as well as to trainee drivers.
[0067] The present invention provides in another preferred aspect,
a method of training or informing a vehicle operator or user in
relation to a route to be undertaken, said method comprising the
steps of providing to said vehicle operator or user, a
computer-base route training program, said program being adapted to
display information concerning said route including location
information relating to said route to be undertaken and video
images of said route corresponding to said location
information.
[0068] Preferably the location information comprises information
presented on a map.
[0069] The present invention provides in yet another preferred
aspect, a computer based route training or information program for
training or informing a vehicle operator or user in relation to a
route to be undertaken, said program being adapted to display on a
computer display screen information concerning said route including
location information relating to said route to be undertaken and
video images of said route corresponding to said location
information. Preferably the location information is displayed on a
map of said route or part of said route.
[0070] Preferably the displayed route includes a number of points
of interest designated as "hotspots" or "hotzones" along the route.
The points of interest may be designated in any manner for example
as a number or cross on a particular route. Preferably information
corresponding to respective points of interest along the route is
accessible and displayable to the vehicle operator or user. That
information may be displayed for example by positioning a cursor on
the point of interest. The cursor may be positioned with a computer
mouse or other positioning device and the information may be
displayed by depressing a button on the mouse. That information may
be a particular property relating to that point of interest for
example road conditions at that marked location or any other
information to be noted by the vehicle operator/trainee.
[0071] Where used in a training application, for example for
training trainee drivers in relation to a route to be undertaken,
means may be provided for tracking and recording routes or route
segments viewed by a particular trainee. Such means which may
comprise a software/web based tool may also advise of changes to a
route or route segment and notify trainees or other persons of the
changes or track trainees or other persons who know about the
changes. A record may also be maintained of which trainees or other
persons may need to be advised of the changed route. Thus if a
route or route segment is updated or changed, drivers are notified
to re-learn changed routes or route segments. Drivers additionally
may be prevented from traveling along a route unless they have
viewed the updated route information.
[0072] The present invention thus provides in a further preferred
aspect, means for monitoring the above route training program, said
monitoring means including means for recording information on each
said operator or user, and means for recording in relation to each
said operator or user, route segments in relation to which training
has been undertaken by said operator or user.
[0073] Preferably the monitoring means includes means for notifying
operators or users of changes in route segments. The monitoring
means suitably includes a database for recording the relevant
information.
[0074] The stored information concerning route information, changes
in route or route segment and drivers who have undertaken training
in relation to a route or an updated route may be linked to an
organization learning management system, human resource database
and an advance transportation management system.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0075] In order that the invention may be more readily understood
and put into practical effect, reference will now be made to the
accompanying drawings which illustrate preferred embodiments of the
invention described in relation to vehicle driver training or
testing. The method and apparatus of the invention however may be
used in many applications as referred to above other than that
described in the embodiment set out below. In the drawings:--
[0076] FIG. 1 illustrates typical components of information
collection apparatus as used in the present invention for
collecting information relating to assessment of a vehicle driver
when operating a vehicle;
[0077] FIG. 2 illustrates a typical driver assessment form as
displayed on a display screen of the apparatus of the
invention;
[0078] FIG. 3 illustrates schematically the manner in which the
apparatus of the invention is used in relation to vehicle driver
training or testing;
[0079] FIG. 4 illustrates typical driver assessment report
generated by the apparatus of the invention;
[0080] FIG. 5 illustrates apparatus for preparing a route training
program according to another aspect of the invention;
[0081] FIG. 6 illustrates a typical preview screen display on a
computer for use in preparing the route training program;
[0082] FIGS. 7 and 8 illustrate typical authoring screen displays
for use in preparing the route program with the of a route marked
with "hotspots" and "hotzones";
[0083] FIGS. 9 and 10 illustrate alternative screen displays for
defining "hotspots" and "hotzones" along the route;
[0084] FIG. 11 illustrates a presentation window as used during
route training; and
[0085] FIG. 12 illustrates a typical screen display for selection
of a route for route training.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
[0086] Referring to the drawings and firstly to FIG. 1, there is
illustrated apparatus 10 according to an embodiment of the present
invention for collecting information relating to a driver of a
vehicle for subsequent assessment of a driver, the apparatus 10
including a tablet computer 11 having a display screen 12, one or
more video cameras 13, a GPS sensor 14 for sensing speed and
location, a comfort sensor 15, and a junction box 16 which has
inputs 17 to receive up to four outputs from up to four cameras 13,
and the outputs from a GPS sensor 14 and comfort sensor 15 and an
output 18 which is connectable to the tablet computer 11. The
computer 11 has any known input device such as a stylus or mouse.
In a simplified version, the junction box 16 may have only three
inputs for connection to two cameras 13 and a GPS sensor 14. In
some applications however, the junction box 16 is not required as
the sensors 14 and 15 and camera/s 13 may be connected directly to
the computer 11. The comfort sensor 15 typically comprises an
inertial sensor or other sensors to sense movements of the vehicle.
Data from this or these sensors can be processed to determine the
comfort level of the driver undertaking the drive.
[0087] The apparatus 10 is used within a suitable training vehicle
for example a bus and the video cameras 13 are mounted on the
vehicle to record different views from the vehicle such as views to
the front and rear of the vehicle and/or a view or views of a
vehicle driver. The location of a vehicle in addition is monitored
by the GPS sensor 14 also mounted on or within the vehicle. The
computer 11 is programmed with driver recording software to enable
the computer display screen 12 to show in a video window, the view
or views 19 from the one or more video cameras 13. The display
screen 12 also can display as shown in FIG. 3 route and location on
a map display 20 and vehicle speed 21 derived from the GPS sensor
14 corresponding to the route being traveled by the vehicle and to
the images captured by the video camera/s 13.
[0088] The computer 11 is also programmed to display a customizable
input form 22 in this case a driver assessment form which enables
input by a driver trainer or tester. The input form can be
generated by a low-level wizard application supplied as part of the
software, or by using a third-party form authoring application to
create more in-depth forms.
[0089] A typical driver assessment form 22 is shown in FIG. 2 and
includes in this case six assessment headings 23 or categories
relating to operation of a vehicle in this case "Following
Distance", "Turns", "Traffic lights and Signs", "Intersections",
"Braking" and "Speed". Each heading or category is assessed in
accordance with sub-headings which are indicative of the correct
(or incorrect) operation of a vehicle. For example the sub-headings
24 under the "Following Distance" heading are "Uses proper stopping
distance behind other vehicles", "Maintains safe following distance
at city driving speeds", and "Proper following distance at freeway
driving speeds". Input selection boxes 25 enable the driver trainer
using the computer stylus or mouse to indicate whether the event
defined by the sub-headings 24 has or has not occurred. In
addition, the assessment form 20 has a text box 26 enabling
freehand text and/or freehand diagrams to be entered by the driver
trainer.
[0090] In use, the apparatus 10 is set up in a vehicle where a
driver is to be assessed such as in a bus with the GPS sensor 14
positioned to provide sensed location and movement data to the
computer 11 through the junction box 16. The cameras 13 are set up
on the vehicle to capture required video signals which are supplied
to the computer 11 which is typically held by a trainer or tester
in the vehicle observing the operation of the vehicle by the
driver. The video window on the computer display screen 12 can show
the views 19 from two or more cameras 13 (see FIG. 3). A video
preview window allows accurate setup of cameras view prior to
driver training testing session. This window also includes a
display of current speed 21 derived from the GPS.
[0091] During the driver training or testing session, the route and
location of the vehicle is recorded for subsequent display on a map
using a circuit overview menu whilst the entire journey is recorded
by the cameras 13. The driver tester or trainer then can enter
information into the assessment form 22 in accordance with
operation of the vehicle by the driver. Thus if an event indicated
in a sub heading for example a sub heading 24 has occurred, the
trainer or tester uses the mouse or stylus 27 to select the
relevant event box which will display the numeral "1" or any other
indicator in the box.
[0092] GPS, video and other data is collected by the computer 11
while the driver tester/trainer is inputting the customised
information. Each time an event is selected or input by the driver
trainer, the location, video and speed at that time are recorded so
that the event is linked to or synchronized with location
information (as for example shown on a map 26) as well as video
images 19 of or adjacent to that location.
[0093] In addition to entering data into a customised form 22,
miscellaneous events may be recorded by using a free-form field
such as in the box 26. This field allows the input of diagrams,
text and symbols. Handwriting recognition software may be used to
turn the notes into text.
[0094] After the data collection has been completed, the customised
information entered into the form 20 is integrated with a database
and may be viewed by time, location or by other customisable
categories or standard or customized reporting tools. Using the
information entered by the instructor/operator, the large video
data files may then be sliced into smaller pieces, with irrelevant
information being deleted. This decreases storage requirements.
These smaller slices of the video/data files may then be integrated
into the database. Automated tools/neural network style algorithms
can be used to interrogate the database to facilitate the automated
detection of driving events.
[0095] A typical driver assessment report 28 derived from a driver
training or assessment session is illustrated in FIG. 4. The
generated report shows the number of times certain instructor
detected events have occurred, how this links to the sub-headings
in the report and advice that should be adhered to reduce the risk
of this behavior occurring again.
[0096] Optionally each type of event can be highlighted on a map of
the drive undertaken on the report. This report is customizable
from a database that stores this information and preferably can
only be modified by a user with administrator privileges. The
results of individual test drives and synchronized information
regarding the completion of the training may be stored in corporate
databases.
[0097] During debrief, the "jump to event" function will jump up to
30 seconds before a marked event. Events of interest can be
selected for display by selecting that item on the pull down
menu
[0098] In the embodiment of the apparatus of the invention, the
computer 11 used comprises a tablet PC however any other computing
platform may be used such as a Laptop or Pocket PC or an in-car PC
or customized PC either permanently or temporarily mounted. A
portable computer however is preferred to allow portability of the
apparatus.
[0099] Whilst the described embodiment uses inputs from up to four
cameras 13, and a GPS sensor 14, the apparatus may also include
other sensors to sense vehicle operation such as the inertial
sensors 15 or following distance sensors, and ECU interfaces.
[0100] The present invention, by automating reporting
functionality, improves the productivity of driver instructors as
paperwork is eliminated. Initial experiments have shown up to 2
hours per day productivity improvement potential. By automated
links to corporate databases, robustness of risk management and
training processes is assured. Effectiveness of training is assured
as interactive debriefing can provide a strong link between
classroom training and on-road performance
[0101] The link between skills required, observed performance and
video images provides evidence for personal change. Personalized
action plans are directly related to observed problems. Improved
interaction between trainers and trainees also results. The
apparatus is easy to transport, setup and install.
[0102] Whilst the invention has been described with reference to
vehicle driver training and testing, it may be applied to many
different applications where training or testing in the use of
machinery or equipment is required, for pipeline and powerline
auditing, road maintenance checking, minesite, refinery and
powerplant safety documentation, homeland security documentation
and audits, military base audits and pilot, marine captain training
as well as efficiency audits for establishments such as factories,
hotels or warehouses.
[0103] For auditing purposes, only two cameras may be necessary
combined with a GPS sensor for sensing location and a computer such
as a tablet PC. The cameras may be vehicle mounted and the vehicle
driven around the establishment being audited with photographic and
video images being recorded linked to GPS location information.
Alternatively, the location information may be derived from a RF ID
tag. Information is then input by the person undertaking the audit
(in the same manner that information is inserted into the form 22)
with that information being linked to the images and location.
Assessments can then be undertaken of all the data for audit or any
other purposes.
[0104] Referring now to FIGS. 5 to 12, there is illustrated an
application of the information collection function of the above
described apparatus for the purpose of creating a computer based
training program for training vehicle drivers in relation to
particular routes which a driver may be required to undertake for
example a route to be traversed by a bus driven by the driver so
that the driver can be trained in relation to the route. The
computer based route training system of this embodiment however may
be applied to a wide range of applications where a person is to be
trained or informed in relation to a particular route. For example
persons may be required to be trained in relation to the
transportation of dangerous goods along a particular route.
Similarly military personnel may be required to be trained in
relation to the transportation of military equipment along a route.
The general public however may also require information in relation
to a particular route to be undertaken. The description below is
primarily related to the training of bus drivers however it will be
appreciate that the system may be equally applied to other
applications as referred to above.
[0105] The computer based training system 30 shown schematically in
FIG. 5 uses a computer 31 such as a laptop computer or a tablet
computer which is software programmed to have a first recording
administration/trainer mode and a second student/trainee mode. In
the first mode, the administrator/trainer initially records video
and locating information whilst traveling in a vehicle traveling
along the route for which the training program is to be created.
For the purpose of recording the route, one or more image capturing
means or cameras 32 are mounted to the vehicle, the image capturing
means or cameras 32 being provided with quick-release vehicle
mounting hardware to enable them to be readily mounted to the
vehicle. The image capturing means in this embodiment comprise two
to four CCD cameras which capture images at 10 frames per second at
1/4 VGA resolution. The cameras 32 also have day and night
capability and may have wide-angle and telephoto options. Images
captured by the cameras 32 are stored in the memory of the computer
30 as the vehicle travels along the route.
[0106] Additionally, as the vehicle is traveling along the route,
location data is captured in the computer 30 from a GPS sensor 33
which in the illustrated embodiment may comprise Wide Area
Augmentation System (WAAS) or a differential GPS system. The GPS
sensor 33 used provides location information once per second at a
2-5 m accuracy. Data obtained from the GPS sensor 33 can be
displayed on a map so that the position of the vehicle along a
particular route can be viewed on a map display. A mapping
interface is used to allow the importation of any data in standard
GIS format and display it on the display screen. A
user-customisable map display can include road styles, parkland,
water and other features. Maps of this type are known and can be
accessed free or from commercial mapping suppliers
[0107] FIG. 6 illustrates a typical screen display 35 of the
computer 31 as generated by the recording software using four
cameras with images 37 from each camera being displayed during
recording of the route. As shown, the images are different view
from the vehicle comprising clockwise from the top image 37, a view
of the adjacent vehicle lane views to the front and rear of the
vehicle and a view of the driver. The screen display 35 also
includes a display 38 of speed. This display is similar to the
display used in the embodiment of FIG. 3. The typical file size of
the file storing this information is 400 MBytes per hour.
[0108] During the recording mode, the administrator/trainer 34 can
insert information relating to the route by operation of an event
button. In addition, the administrator/trainer 34 can record with a
microphone verbal notes which can be used as reminders for later
preparation of the training program. The administrator/trainer 34
by using an authoring tool or screen, examples of which are
illustrated in FIGS. 7 and 8 can mark the route 39 in relation to
which training is to be undertaking and can also mark different
points of interest or zone of interest on the route which have
important information attached to them. These points referred to
herein as "hotspots" and "hotzones" respectively are defined to
focus trainees only on sections of the route or important points
along the route 39 that are required learning. Hotspots can be
classified into one or more pre-defined categories for quick
browsing. For example, hotspot types may be locations of traffic
issues, accident black spots, significant customer service issues,
bathroom locations, and rest stop locations during layovers between
runs. In the authoring tools or screens illustrated in FIGS. 7 and
8, the categories which relate to a bus route are defined by icons
40, 41 and 42 which are customer issues, conductor issues and
safety issues respectively.
[0109] After recording of all of the above information whilst
traveling the route, the administrator/trainer can open the file
and manage the hotspots and hotzones by inserting information
relating to each hotspot. In the authorizing screen of FIGS. 7 and
8, various hotspots 43 along the route have been identified by
icons. Different types of hotspots can be made by the
trainer/trainer to appear as different icons or colours on the map.
Thus the icons 43 may be one or more of the icons 40, 41 and 42
referred to above. Hotzones 44 along the route 39 can be marked in
different colours.
[0110] By positioning the cursor on a hotspot or hotzone and
clicking, a pop-up window is triggered and appears as in FIG. 9
which allows the administrator/trainer to enter any text
information as required. The pop-up window alternatively can be
overlaid on the route creating authoring screen as in FIG. 10.
[0111] Within the trigger window, the administrators/trainers can
adjust the map zoom to displayed of the hotspot or hotzone. The
administrator/trainer can also determine within the trigger window
whether to include a video as recorded by the cameras 32 for
playback by marking the appropriate box 47 within the pop-up
window. The administrator/trainer can determine the duration, start
and finish of the video. The administrator/trainer can also
determine whether to include playback of audio by marking the box
48. The box 49 allows the administrator/trainer to add a text
message relating to the hotspot or a warning such as the speed
limit warning in the trigger window shown in FIG. 10.
[0112] The trigger widows thus trigger the display of certain
information at specific times determined by the properties defined
in the trigger. Triggers allow trainer control of map zoom, video
angle (1-4 cameras), audio play in any Windows audio format display
of information in a rich text box including symbols and images.
[0113] The administrator/trainer in preparing the program can add a
new event or hotspot or hotzone or remove an unnecessary event or
hotspot or hotzone. A training program can include one or many
hotspots or hotzone on a route without limit. Hotspots or hotzones
can be from one second to the entire route length. The
administrator/trainer can also show a single camera view and
determine the size of the camera view window.
[0114] The windows shown in FIGS. 9 and 10 allows the display of a
map together with a video display. In this case hotspots are
visualized on the map as a different icons and hotzones as
different color regions and on a timeline as block of time. A zoom
ability can give finer visualisation of the sequence of events in a
hotspot or hotzone. The author however has full dynamic control of
map viewing for different parts of the route--zoom, pan, etc.
[0115] For video and audio purposes, scripted control of camera
angle from one to four cameras at trigger points in the route is
provided. Video is synchronized to map location and timeline for
easy navigation to points of interest. Other video can be embedded
in computer based training window in place of the map. Audio can be
played at trigger points or embedded in the training program.
[0116] Instead of the map display as illustrated in FIGS. 9 and 10,
a presentation window for presentation to the trainee as
illustrated in FIG. 11 can replace a mapping window at pre-defined
points in hotspots.
[0117] The computer based training program prepared as above can
contain any content within HTML specification. It may include
video, sound, Flash animation, text, Powerpoint.RTM. slides. It may
include HTML-based quizzes. It may support Lectora.RTM. and other
multimedia authoring software packages with Web publishing
capability. It further may refer to external documents of any type,
including Microsoft Word.RTM. documents, Microsoft Excel.RTM.
spreadsheets, and Adobe.RTM. PDFs. It further may play audio files,
such as WAVs, MP3s or WMAs and additionally may display image
files, such as JPEGs, GIFs, and BMPs. The program may describe in
detail a route of up to two hours in length and may draw a map of
the route with the ability to zoom and pan automatically.
[0118] At the completion of authoring process as described above,
the program is saved in a suitable file format and is published for
student or trainee access such as over a network.
[0119] For use of the computer based training program, a trainee is
presented with a list of available routes to learn and the trainee
selects which route they need to learn as presented on the screen
display illustrated in FIG. 12. A multimedia introduction to the
route can be played which may include standard materials for all
routes, or the particular issues that make the selected route
different from others. Alternatively, an overview of the entire
route complete with all hotspots is displayed. The trainee can be
taken to the first hotspot skipping parts of the route that are
irrelevant. The first hotspot will often be the "deadhead", the
journey from the depot to the start of the route as in FIG. 8. The
trainee by clicking on a hotspot will be shown a display as
determined by an administrator. Thus a defined video may be played,
text notes will be displayed and any link to an external program
will be activated by clicking the relevant button. As the hotspot
is processed, map zooms change to show more detail, camera angles
change to show the best view of points of interest or caution, and
cautionary and advisory text and graphics appear (for example
changes in speed zones) in the text box as hotspots are processed
by the system. Each hotspot visited by the student will change
colour or otherwise be marked so that a track can be kept of the
visited hotspots. The trainee can thus be focused on the important
aspects of the route to be learned.
[0120] As presentations are reached, the program hands total
control to the content that appears to replace the map. Familiar
presentations reinforce in a practical manner the classroom
training received on topics such as turns, railroad crossings,
schools, entering and leaving premises, loading docks, etc.
[0121] The trainee may be presented with quiz materials during the
presentation, if these have been authored using SCORM compliant
tools, then results can be communicated back to learning management
systems
[0122] When the trainee has completed learning the route, they are
returned to the route menu. Routes may be structured to allow
"branching" from the main route to minor route for example similar
to a branch line on a railway. Certain conditions may require this
branching functionality.
[0123] Routes may be assembled from existing sub-components or
segments of routes. For example a new bus route may be composed 50%
of an existing bus route and 50% of a new route.
[0124] Thus a route may be broken up into individual route segments
which may be prepared in the above described manner using cameras
32, a GPS sensor 33 and input from an administrator/author 34. The
segments may be prepared after recording the full route and broken
up into different files or separate files for each segment may be
prepared during the recording process. Each route segment thus
contains video images and location information and may additionally
contain "hotspot" and/or "hotzone" information input by the
administrator/author.
[0125] If there are amendments to a route segment such as a new
roundabout, only that a particular route segment will be required
to be changed or amended.
[0126] To view a required route, the appropriate route segments
which constitute that route can be played back in the correct order
with the route segments being combined similar to the task of
editing a movie made up of scenes to define the whole route.
[0127] Where different routes have some overlap, overlapping route
segments are thus only required to be recorded once. A user may
then, in seeking driving directions or information for a particular
route, search the database and receive information and directions
relating to the particular route assembled from a plurality of
route segment files which make up that route. The driver is thus
presented with video images, location data (as indicated on a map)
and where relevant "hotspot" or "hotzone" information along the
route.
[0128] The terms "comprising" or "comprises" as used throughout the
specification and claims are taken to specify the presence of the
stated features, integers and components referred to but not
preclude the presence or addition of one or more other feature/s,
integer/s, component/s or group thereof.
[0129] Whilst the above has been given by way of illustrative
embodiment of the invention, all such variations and modifications
thereto as would be apparent to persons skilled in the art are
deemed to fall within the broad scope and ambit of the invention as
herein described.
* * * * *