U.S. patent application number 12/602503 was filed with the patent office on 2010-07-08 for production of metalized textile fabric, metalized textile fabric and use of metalized textile fabric thus produced.
This patent application is currently assigned to BASF SE. Invention is credited to Stefan Kuhn, Antonino Raffaele Addamo, Christian Steinig-Nowakowski.
Application Number | 20100173548 12/602503 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 39832569 |
Filed Date | 2010-07-08 |
United States Patent
Application |
20100173548 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Kuhn; Stefan ; et
al. |
July 8, 2010 |
PRODUCTION OF METALIZED TEXTILE FABRIC, METALIZED TEXTILE FABRIC
AND USE OF METALIZED TEXTILE FABRIC THUS PRODUCED
Abstract
A process for producing a metalized textile fabric comprises a
textile fabric being (A) printed with a printing formulation
comprising at least one metal powder (a) as a component, the metal
in question having a more strongly negative standard potential than
hydrogen in the electrochemical series of the elements, (B)
thermally treated in one or more steps, (C) depositing a further
metal on the textile fabric, and coating before or after at least
one of the steps (A), (B) or (C) with at least one polymeric
compound (e) having an insulating effect with regard to electric
current.
Inventors: |
Kuhn; Stefan; (Frankenthal,
DE) ; Raffaele Addamo; Antonino; (Ludwigshafen,
DE) ; Steinig-Nowakowski; Christian; (Deidesheim,
DE) |
Correspondence
Address: |
OBLON, SPIVAK, MCCLELLAND MAIER & NEUSTADT, L.L.P.
1940 DUKE STREET
ALEXANDRIA
VA
22314
US
|
Assignee: |
BASF SE
LUDWIGSHAFEN
DE
|
Family ID: |
39832569 |
Appl. No.: |
12/602503 |
Filed: |
June 18, 2008 |
PCT Filed: |
June 18, 2008 |
PCT NO: |
PCT/EP08/57688 |
371 Date: |
December 1, 2009 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
442/72 ; 427/121;
427/203; 427/383.1; 427/458 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H05B 2203/007 20130101;
H05B 2203/013 20130101; H05B 2203/017 20130101; D06M 23/16
20130101; D06Q 1/04 20130101; Y10T 442/2107 20150401; D06M 11/83
20130101; C09D 11/52 20130101; H05B 3/342 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
442/72 ; 427/203;
427/383.1; 427/121; 427/458 |
International
Class: |
B32B 5/16 20060101
B32B005/16; B05D 1/38 20060101 B05D001/38; B05D 3/02 20060101
B05D003/02; B05D 5/12 20060101 B05D005/12; B05D 1/06 20060101
B05D001/06 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Jun 20, 2007 |
EP |
07110650.4 |
Claims
1. A process for producing a metalized textile fabric, comprising:
(A) printing a printing formulation on a textile fabric comprising
at least one metal powder (a) as a component, the metal in question
having a more strongly negative standard potential than hydrogen in
the electrochemical series of the elements, (B) thermally treating
said textile fabric, (C) depositing a further metal on the textile
fabric, and coating after (C) with at least one polymeric compound
(e) having an insulating effect with regard to electric
current.
2. The process according to claim 1 wherein the printing
formulation of (A) comprises: (a) at least one metal powder, (b) at
least one binder, (c) at least one emulsifier.
3. The process according to claim 1 wherein the textile fabric is
at least one synthetic fiber.
4. The process according to claim 1 wherein the polymeric compound
(e) is at least one crosslinking silicone.
5. The process according to claim 1 wherein a pattern of metal
powder (a) is printed onto the textile fabric in (A), so that the
metalized textile fabric once printed, thermally treated and
deposited with a further metal, partially conducts electric
current.
6. The process according to claim 1 wherein metal powder (a) is
obtained by a process comprising thermal decomposition of iron
pentacarbonyl.
7. The process according to claim 1 wherein no external source of
voltage is applied in (C) and the further metal in (C) has a more
strongly positive standard potential in the electrochemical series
of the elements than the metal underlying metal powder (a).
8. The process according to claim 1 wherein an external source of
voltage is applied in (C) and the further metal in (C) has a more
strongly or more weakly positive standard potential in the
electrochemical series of the elements than the metal underlying
metal powder (a).
9. The process according to claim 1 wherein a pattern is printed
onto the textile fabric in (A).
10. The process according to claim 2 wherein emulsifier (c) is
selected from nonionic emulsifiers.
11. A metalized textile fabric obtained by a process according to
claim 1.
12. (canceled)
13. A carpet having a partially conductive structure, comprising a
metalized textile fabric according to claim 11.
14. The process according to claim 2, wherein the printing
formulation of (A) further comprises at least one rheology
modifier.
Description
[0001] The present invention relates to a process for producing a
metalized textile fabric, which comprises a textile fabric being
[0002] (A) printed with a printing formulation comprising at least
one metal powder (a) as a component, the metal in question having a
more strongly negative standard potential than hydrogen in the
electrochemical series of the elements, [0003] (B) thermally
treated in one or more steps, [0004] (C) depositing a further metal
on the textile fabric, and coating before or after at least one of
the steps (A), (B) or (C) with at least one polymeric compound (e)
having an insulating effect with regard to electric current.
[0005] The present invention further relates to metalized textile
fabrics produced by the process of the present invention and to the
use of the metalized textile fabric thus produced.
[0006] The production of metalized textile fabrics is a field with
colossal potential for growth. Metalized textile fabrics can be
used for example as heating mantles, also as fashion articles, for
example for luminous textiles, or for producing textiles useful in
medicine including prophylaxis, for example for monitoring organs
and their function. Metalized textile fabrics can further be used
to screen off electromagnetic radiation.
[0007] However, existing processes for producing them are still
very costly and inconvenient and lack flexibility. Specific
equipment is needed and traditional equipment such as conventional
looms for example cannot be used. It is known for example to
incorporate metal threads into textile. However, in many cases it
is not possible to combine for example copper threads and polyester
threads satisfactorily with each other to form wovens, since
specific looms are needed.
[0008] If one attempts to circumvent the above-described
disadvantage by incorporating metal threads into a completely
made-up textile. Such a procedure generally requires a lot of work
by hand and is costly.
[0009] The use of electroconductive polymeric fibers has the
additional disadvantage that many electroconductive polymers such
as anoxidized polypyrrole for example are air and/or moisture
sensitive.
[0010] The unpublished application PCT/EP2006/069799 proposes
textile being printed with a printing formulation comprising as a
component at least one metal powder (a), which can be iron for
example, then thermally treated and thereafter depositing a further
metal on the textile fabric. Conductive structures can be applied
to textile very efficiently in this way, but in some cases it is
necessary to apply structures to textile which are particularly
resistant to mechanical effects and which, in particular, have
stability to mechanical rubbing. If, for example, it is desired to
produce a carpet having conductive structures incorporated by the
process described in PCT/EP2006/069799, there will be an interest
in achieving a higher rate of foot traffic on the carpet without
the conductive structures incurring damage.
[0011] The present invention thus has for its object to provide a
process for producing mechanically more durable metalized textile
fabrics which obviates the disadvantages described above. The
present invention further has for its object to provide metalized
textile fabrics. The present invention further has for its object
to provide uses for novel metalized textile fabrics.
[0012] We have found that this object is achieved by the process
defined at the beginning.
[0013] The process defined at the beginning proceeds from a textile
fabric, for example knits or preferably carpets, wovens or
nonwovens. Textile fabrics for the purposes of the present
invention can be flexible or stiff. Preferably, they are textile
fabrics which can be bent one or more times by hand for example
without it being possible to detect a visual difference between
before the bending and after the return from the bent state.
[0014] Textile fabrics for the purposes of the present invention
can be of natural fibers or synthetic fibers or mixtures of natural
fibers and synthetic fibers. Suitable natural fibers include for
example wool, flax and preferably rayon. Suitable synthetic fibers
include for example polyamide, polyester, modified polyester,
polyester blend fabric, polyamide blend fabric, polyacrylonitrile,
triacetate, acetate, polycarbonate, polypropylene, polyvinyl
chloride, polyester microfibers, preference here being given to
synthetic fibers such as in particular polyester.
[0015] The process of the present invention is carried out by
printing a textile fabric in step (A) with a printing formulation,
preferably an aqueous printing formulation, comprising at least one
metal powder (a), the metal in question having a more strongly
negative standard potential than hydrogen in the electrochemical
series of the elements.
[0016] Examples of printing formulations are nonjettable printing
inks, for example gravure printing inks, offset printing inks,
jettable printing inks such as, for example, inks for the Valvoline
process and preferably printing pastes, preferably aqueous printing
pastes.
[0017] Metal powder (a) whose metal has a more strongly negative
standard potential than hydrogen in the electrochemical series of
the elements will herein also be referred to as metal powder (a)
for short.
[0018] Metal powder (a) can be selected for example from
pulverulent Zn, Ni, Cu, Sn, Co, Mn, Fe, Mg, Pb, Cr and Bi, for
example pure or as mixtures or in the form of alloys of the
specified metals with each other or with other metals. Examples of
suitable alloys are CuZn, CuSn, CuNi, SnPb, SnBi, SnCu, NiP, ZnFe,
ZnNi, ZnCo and ZnMn. Preferred metal powders (a) comprise just one
metal, particular preference being given to iron powder and copper
powder and very particular preference to iron powder.
[0019] In one embodiment of the present invention, metal powder (a)
has an average particle diameter in the range from 0.01 to 100
.mu.m, preferably in the range from 0.1 to 50 .mu.m and more
preferably in the range from 1 to 10 .mu.m (determined by laser
diffraction measurement, for example using a Microtrac X100).
[0020] In one embodiment, metal powder (a) is characterized by its
particle diameter distribution. For example, the d.sub.10 value can
be in the range from 0.01 to 5 .mu.m, the d.sub.50 value in the
range from 1 to 10 .mu.m and the d.sub.90 value in the range from 3
to 100 .mu.m, subject to the condition:
d.sub.10<d.sub.50<d.sub.90. Preferably, no particle has a
diameter greater than 100 .mu.m.
[0021] Metal powder (a) can be used in passivated form, for example
in an at least partially coated form. Examples of suitable coatings
include inorganic layers such as oxide of the metal in question,
SiO.sub.2 or SiO.sub.2.aq or phosphates for example of the metal in
question.
[0022] The particles of metal powder (a) can in principle have any
desired shape in that for example acicular, lamellar or spherical
particles can be used; spherical and lamellar particles are
preferred.
[0023] It is particularly preferable to use metal powders (a)
having spherical particles, preferably predominantly having
spherical particles, most preferably so-called carbonyl iron
powders having spherical particles.
[0024] Metal powder (a) can be printed in one embodiment of step
(A) such that the particles of metal powder are so close together
that they are already capable of conducting electricity. In another
embodiment of step (A), metal powder (a) can be printed such that
the particles of metal powder (a) are so far apart from each other
that they are not capable of conducting electricity.
[0025] The production of metal powders (a) is known per se. For
example, common commercial goods can be used or metal powders (a)
produced by processes known per se, for example by electrolytic
deposition or chemical reduction from solutions of salts of the
metals in question or by reduction of an oxidic powder for example
by means of hydrogen, by spraying or jetting a molten metal, in
particular into cooling media, for example gases or water.
[0026] Particular preference is given to using such metal powder
(a) as was produced by thermal decomposition of iron pentacarbonyl,
herein also referred to as carbonyl iron powder.
[0027] The production of carbonyl iron powder by thermal
decomposition of, in particular, iron pentacarbonyl Fe(CO).sub.5 is
described for example in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial
Chemistry, 5.sup.th Edition, Volume A14, page 599. The
decomposition of iron pentacarbonyl can be effected for example at
atmospheric pressure and for example at elevated temperatures, for
example in the range from 200 to 300.degree. C., for example in a
heatable decomposer comprising a tube of heat-resistant material
such as quartz glass or V2A steel in a preferably vertical
position, the tube being surrounded by heating means, for example
consisting of heating tapes, heating wires or a heating mantle
through which a heating medium flows.
[0028] The average particle diameter of carbonyl iron powder can be
controlled within wide limits via the process parameters and
reaction management in relation to the decomposition stage, and is
in terms of the number average in general in the range from 0.01 to
100 .mu.m, preferably in the range from 0.1 to 50 .mu.m and more
preferably in the range from 1 to 8 .mu.m.
[0029] In one embodiment of the present invention, step (A)
utilizes a printing formulation comprising: [0030] (a) at least one
metal powder, the metal in question having a more strongly negative
standard potential than hydrogen in the electrochemical series of
the elements, preferably carbonyl iron powder, [0031] (b) at least
one binder, [0032] (c) at least one emulsifier, which may be
anionic, cationic or preferably nonionic, [0033] (d) if appropriate
at least one rheology modifier.
[0034] Printing formulations in accordance with the present
invention may comprise at least one binder (b), preferably at least
one aqueous dispersion of at least one filming polymer, for example
polyacrylate, polybutadiene, copolymers of at least one
vinylaromatic with at least one conjugated diene and if appropriate
further comonomers, for example styrene-butadiene binders. Further
suitable binders (b) are selected from polyurethane, preferably
anionic polyurethane, or ethylene-(meth)acrylic acid copolymer.
[0035] Useful binder (b) polyacrylates for the purposes of the
present invention are obtainable for example by copolymerization of
at least one C.sub.1-C.sub.10-alkyl(meth)acrylate, for example
methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, n-butyl
methacrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, with at least one further
comonomer, for example with a further
C.sub.1-C.sub.10-alkyl(meth)acrylate, (meth)acrylic acid,
(meth)acrylamide, N-methylol(meth)acrylamide, glycidyl
(meth)acrylate or a vinylaromatic compound such as styrene for
example.
[0036] Useful binder (b) polyurethanes for the purposes of the
present invention, which are preferably anionic, are obtainable for
example by reaction of one or more aromatic or preferably aliphatic
or cycloaliphatic diisocyanate with one or more polyesterdiols and
preferably one or more hydroxy carboxylic acids, for example
hydroxyacetic acid, or preferably dihydroxy carboxylic acids, for
example 1,1-dimethylolpropionic acid, 1,1-dimethylolbutyric acid or
1,1-dimethylolethanoic acid.
[0037] Particularly useful binder (b) ethylene-(meth)acrylic acid
copolymers are obtainable for example by copolymerization of
ethylene, (meth)acrylic acid and if appropriate at least one
further comonomer such as for example
C.sub.1-C.sub.10-alkyl(meth)acrylate, maleic anhydride, isobutene
or vinyl acetate, preferably by copolymerization at temperatures in
the range from 190 to 350.degree. C. and pressures in the range
from 1500 to 3500 bar and preferably in the range from 2000 to 2500
bar.
[0038] Particularly useful binder (b) ethylene-(meth)acrylic acid
copolymers may for example comprise up to 90% by weight of
interpolymerized ethylene and have a melt viscosity .nu. in the
range from 60 mm.sup.2/s to 10 000 mm.sup.2/s, preferably in the
range from 100 mm.sup.2/s to 5000 mm.sup.2/s, measured at
120.degree. C.
[0039] Particularly useful binder (b) ethylene-(meth)acrylic acid
copolymers may for example comprise up to 90% by weight of
interpolymerized ethylene and have a melt flow rate (MFR) in the
range from 1 to 50 g/10 min, preferably in the range from 5 to 20
g/10 min and more preferably in the range from 7 to 15 g/10 min,
measured at 160.degree. C. under a load of 325 g in accordance with
EN ISO 1133.
[0040] Particularly useful binder (b) copolymers of at least one
vinylaromatic with at least one conjugated diene and if appropriate
further comonomers, for example styrene-butadiene binders, comprise
at least one ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid or
dicarboxylic acid or a suitable derivative, for example the
corresponding anhydride, in interpolymerized form. Particularly
suitable vinylaromatics are para-methylstyrene,
.alpha.-methylstyrene and especially styrene. Particularly suitable
conjugated dienes are isoprene, chloroprene and in particular
1,3-butadiene. Particularly suitable ethylenically unsaturated
carboxylic acids or dicarboxylic acids or suitable derivatives
thereof are (meth)acrylic acid, maleic acid, itaconic acid, maleic
anhydride or itaconic anhydride, to name just some examples.
[0041] In one embodiment of the present invention, particularly
suitable binder (b) copolymers of at least one vinylaromatic with
at least one conjugated diene and if appropriate further comonomers
comprise in interpolymerized form:
[0042] 19.9% to 80% by weight of vinylaromatic,
[0043] 19.9% to 80% by weight of conjugated diene,
[0044] 0.1% to 10% by weight of ethylenically unsaturated
carboxylic acid or dicarboxylic acid or a suitable derivative, for
example the corresponding anhydride.
[0045] In one embodiment of the present invention, binder (b) has a
dynamic viscosity at 23.degree. C. in the range from 10 to 100 dPas
and preferably in the range from 20 to 30 dPas, determined for
example by rotary viscometry, for example using a Haake
viscometer.
[0046] Emulsifier (c) may be an anionic, cationic or preferably
nonionic surface-active substance.
[0047] Examples of suitable cationic emulsifiers (c) are for
example C.sub.6-C.sub.18-alkyl-, -aralkyl- or
heterocyclyl-containing primary, secondary, tertiary or quaternary
ammonium salts, alkanolammonium salts, pyridinium salts,
imidazolinium salts, oxazolinium salts, morpholinium salts,
thiazolinium salts and also salts of amine oxides, quinolinium
salts, isoquinolinium salts, tropylium salts, sulfonium salts and
phosphonium salts. Examples which may be mentioned are
dodecylammonium acetate or the corresponding hydrochloride, the
chlorides or acetates of the various
2-(N,N,N-trimethylammonium)-ethylparaffinic esters,
N-cetylpyridinium chloride, N-laurylpyridinium sulfate and also
N-cetyl-N,N,N-trimethylammonium bromide,
N-dodecyl-N,N,N-trimethylammonium bromide,
N,N-distearyl-N,N-dimethylammonium chloride and also the Gemini
surfactant N,N-(lauryldimethyl)ethylenediamine dibromide.
[0048] Examples of suitable anionic emulsifiers (c) are alkali
metal and ammonium salts of alkyl sulfates (alkyl radical: C.sub.8
to C.sub.12), of acid sulfuric esters of ethoxylated alkanols
(degree of ethoxylation: 4 to 30, alkyl radical: C.sub.12-C.sub.18)
and of ethoxylated alkylphenols (degree of ethoxylation: 3 to 50,
alkyl radical: C.sub.4-C.sub.12), of alkylsulfonic acids (alkyl
radical: C.sub.12-C.sub.18), of alkylarylsulfonic acids (alkyl
radical: C.sub.9-C.sub.18) and of sulfosuccinates such as for
example sulfosuccinic mono- or diesters. Preference is given to
aryl- or alkyl-substituted polyglycol ethers and also to substances
described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,218,218, and homologs with y (from the
formulae of U.S. Pat. No. 4,218,218) in the range from 10 to
37.
[0049] Particular preference is given to nonionic emulsifiers (c)
such as for example singly or preferably multiply alkoxylated
C.sub.10-C.sub.30 alkanols, preferably with three to one hundred
mol of C.sub.2-C.sub.4-alkylene oxide, in particular ethoxylated
oxo process or fatty alcohols.
[0050] Examples of particularly suitable multiply alkoxylated fatty
alcohols and oxo process alcohols are
[0051] n-C.sub.18H.sub.37O--(CH.sub.2CH.sub.2O).sub.80--H,
[0052] n-C.sub.18H.sub.37O--(CH.sub.2CH.sub.2O).sub.70--H,
[0053] n-C.sub.18H.sub.37O--(CH.sub.2CH.sub.2O).sub.60--H,
[0054] n-C.sub.18H.sub.37O--(CH.sub.2CH.sub.2O).sub.50--H,
[0055] n-C.sub.18H.sub.37O--(CH.sub.2CH.sub.2O).sub.25--H,
[0056] n-C.sub.18H.sub.37O--(CH.sub.2CH.sub.2O).sub.12--H,
[0057] n-C.sub.16H.sub.33O--(CH.sub.2CH.sub.2O).sub.80--H,
[0058] n-C.sub.16H.sub.33O--(CH.sub.2CH.sub.2O).sub.70--H,
[0059] n-C.sub.16H.sub.33O--(CH.sub.2CH.sub.2O).sub.60--H,
[0060] n-C.sub.16H.sub.33O--(CH.sub.2CH.sub.2O).sub.50--H,
[0061] n-C.sub.16H.sub.33O--(CH.sub.2CH.sub.2O).sub.25--H,
[0062] n-C.sub.16H.sub.33O--(CH.sub.2CH.sub.2O).sub.12--H,
[0063] n-C.sub.12H.sub.25O--(CH.sub.2CH.sub.2O).sub.11--H,
[0064] n-C.sub.12H.sub.25O--(CH.sub.2CH.sub.2O).sub.18--H,
[0065] n-C.sub.12H.sub.25O--(CH.sub.2CH.sub.2O).sub.25--H,
[0066] n-C.sub.12H.sub.25O--(CH.sub.2CH.sub.2O).sub.50--H,
[0067] n-C.sub.12H.sub.25O--(CH.sub.2CH.sub.2O).sub.80--H,
[0068] n-C.sub.30H.sub.61O--(CH.sub.2CH.sub.2O).sub.8--H,
[0069] n-C.sub.10H.sub.21O--(CH.sub.2CH.sub.2O).sub.9--H,
[0070] n-C.sub.10H.sub.21O--(CH.sub.2CH.sub.2O).sub.7--H,
[0071] n-C.sub.10H.sub.21O--(CH.sub.2CH.sub.2O).sub.5--H,
[0072] n-C.sub.10H.sub.21O--(CH.sub.2CH.sub.2O).sub.3--H,
[0073] and mixtures of the aforementioned emulsifiers, for example
mixtures of n-C.sub.18H.sub.37O--(CH.sub.2CH.sub.2O).sub.50--H and
n-C.sub.16H.sub.33O--(CH.sub.2CH.sub.2O).sub.50--H,
the indices each being number averages.
[0074] In one embodiment of the present invention, printing
formulations used in step (A) can comprise at least one rheology
modifier (d) selected from thickeners (d1) and viscosity reducers
(d2).
[0075] Suitable thickeners (d1) are for example natural thickeners
or preferably synthetic thickeners. Natural thickeners are such
thickeners as are natural products or are obtainable from natural
products by processing such as purifying operations for example, in
particular extraction. Examples of inorganic natural thickeners are
sheet silicates such as bentonite for example. Examples of organic
natural thickeners are preferably proteins such as for example
casein or preferably polysaccharides. Particularly preferred
natural thickeners are selected from agar agar, carrageenan, gum
arabic, alginates such as for example sodium alginate, calcium
alginate, ammonium alginate, calcium alginate and propylene glycol
alginate, pectins, polyoses, carob bean flour (carubin) and
dextrins.
[0076] Preference is given to using synthetic thickeners selected
from generally liquid solutions of synthetic polymers, in
particular acrylates, in for example white oil or as aqueous
solutions, and from synthetic polymers in dried form, for example
spray-dried powders. Synthetic polymers used as thickeners (d1)
comprise acid groups, which are neutralized with ammonia completely
or to a certain percentage. In the course of the fixing operation,
ammonia is released, reducing the pH and starting the actual fixing
process. The pH reduction necessary for fixing may alternatively be
effected by adding nonvolatile acids such as for example citric
acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid or malic acid.
[0077] Very particularly preferred synthetic thickeners are
selected from copolymers of 85% to 95% by weight of acrylic acid,
4% to 14% by weight of acrylamide and 0.01 to not more than 1% by
weight of the (meth)acrylamide derivative of the formula I
##STR00001##
having molecular weights M.sub.w in the range from 100 000 to 2 000
000 g/mol, in each of which the R.sup.1 radicals may be the same or
different and may represent methyl or hydrogen.
[0078] Further suitable thickeners (d1) are selected from reaction
products of aliphatic diisocyanates such as for example
trimethylene diisocyanate, tetramethylene diisocyanate,
hexamethylene diisocyanate or 1,12-dodecane diisocyanate with
preferably 2 equivalents of multiply alkoxylated fatty alcohol or
oxo process alcohol, for example 10 to 150-tuply ethoxylated
C.sub.10-C.sub.30 fatty alcohol or C.sub.11-C.sub.31 oxo process
alcohol.
[0079] Suitable viscosity reducers (d2) are for example organic
solvents such as dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), N-methylpyrrolidone
(NMP), N-ethylpyrrolidone (NEP), ethylene glycol, diethylene
glycol, butylglycol, dibutylglycol and for example alkoxylated
n-C.sub.4-C.sub.8-alkanol free of residual alcohol, preferably
singly to 10-tuply and more preferably 3- to 6-tuply ethoxylated
n-C.sub.4-C.sub.8-alkanol free of residual alcohol. Residual
alcohol refers to the respectively nonalkoxylated
n-C.sub.4-C.sub.8-alkanol.
[0080] In one embodiment of the present invention, the printing
formulation used in step (A) comprises
[0081] from 10% to 90% by weight, preferably from 50% to 85% by
weight and more preferably from 60% to 80% by weight of metal
powder (a),
[0082] from 1% to 20% by weight and preferably from 2% to 15% by
weight of binder (b),
[0083] from 0.1% to 4% by weight and preferably up to 2% by weight
of emulsifier (c),
[0084] from 0% to 5% by weight and preferably from 0.2% to 1% by
weight of rheology modifier (d),
[0085] weight % ages each being based on the entire printing
formulation used in step (A) and relating in the case of binder (b)
to the solids content of the respective binder (b).
[0086] One embodiment of the present invention comprises printing
in step (A) of the process of the present invention with a printing
formulation which, in addition to metal powder (a) and if
appropriate binder (b), emulsifier (c) and if appropriate rheology
modifier (d), comprises at least one auxiliary (f). Examples of
suitable auxiliaries (f) are hand improvers, defoamers, wetting
agents, leveling agents, urea, actives such as for example biocides
or flame retardants:
[0087] Suitable defoamers are for example siliconic defoamers such
as for example those of the formula
HO--(CH.sub.2).sub.3--Si(CH.sub.3)[OSi(CH.sub.3).sub.3].sub.2 and
HO--(CH.sub.2).sub.3--Si(CH.sub.3)[OSi(CH.sub.3).sub.3][OSi(CH.sub.3).sub-
.2OSi(CH.sub.3).sub.3], nonalalkoxylated or alkoxylated with up to
20 equivalents of alkylene oxide and especially ethylene oxide.
Silicone-free defoamers are also suitable, examples being multiply
alkoxylated alcohols, for example fatty alcohol alkoxylates,
preferably 2 to 50-tuply ethoxylated preferably unbranched
C.sub.10-C.sub.20 alkanols, unbranched C.sub.10-C.sub.20 alkanols
and 2-ethylhexan-1-ol. Further suitable defoamers are fatty acid
C.sub.8-C.sub.20-alkyl esters, preferably C.sub.10-C.sub.20-alkyl
stearates, in each of which C.sub.8-C.sub.20-alkyl and preferably
C.sub.10-C.sub.20-alkyl may be branched or unbranched.
[0088] Suitable wetting agents are for example nonionic, anionic or
cationic surfactants, in particular ethoxylation and/or
propoxylation products of fatty alcohols or propylene
oxide-ethylene oxide block copolymers, ethoxylated or propoxylated
fatty or oxo process alcohols, also ethoxylates of oleic acid or
alkylphenols, alkylphenol ether sulfates, alkylpolyglycosides,
alkyl phosphonates, alkylphenyl phosphonates, alkyl phosphates or
alkylphenyl phosphates.
[0089] Suitable leveling agents are for example block copolymers of
ethylene oxide and propylene oxide having molecular weights M.sub.n
in the range from 500 to 5000 g/mol and preferably in the range
from 800 to 2000 g/mol. Very particular preference is given to
block copolymers of propylene oxide-ethylene oxide for example of
the formula EO.sub.8PO.sub.7EO.sub.8, where EO represents ethylene
oxide and PO represents propylene oxide.
[0090] Suitable biocides are for example commercially obtainable as
Proxel brands. Examples which may be mentioned are:
1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one (BIT) (commercially obtainable as
Proxel.RTM. brands from Avecia Lim.) and its alkali metal salts;
other suitable biocides are 2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) and
5-chloro-2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (CIT).
[0091] In one embodiment of the present invention, the printing
formulation used in step (A) comprises up to 30% by weight of
auxiliary (f), based on the sum total of metal powder (a), binder
(b), emulsifier (c) and if appropriate rheology modifier (d).
[0092] In one embodiment, a pattern of metal powder (a) is printed
onto the textile fabric by printing some areas of textile with
printing formulation comprising metal powder (a) and not other
areas. Preference is given to printing patterns wherein metal
powders (a) are arranged on textile in the form of straight or
preferably bent stripy patterns or line patterns, wherein the lines
mentioned may have for example a width and thickness each in the
range from 0.1 .mu.m to 5 mm and the stripes mentioned may have a
width in the range from 5.1 mm to for example 10 cm or if
appropriate more and a thickness in the range from 0.1 .mu.m to 5
mm.
[0093] In one specific embodiment of the present invention, stripy
patterns or line patterns of metal powder (a) are printed wherein
the stripes or lines neither touch nor intersect.
[0094] In another specific embodiment of the present invention,
stripy patterns or line patterns of metal powder (a) are printed
wherein the stripes or lines cross, for example if the intention is
to manufacture printed circuits.
[0095] In one embodiment of the present invention, printing in step
(A) is effected by various processes which are known per se. One
embodiment of the present invention utilizes a stencil through
which the printing formulation comprising metal powder (a) is
pressed using a squeegee. This process is a screen printing
process. Further suitable printing processes are gravure printing
processes and flexographic printing processes. A further suitable
printing process is selected from valve-jet processes. Valve-jet
processes utilize printing formulation comprising preferably no
thickener (d1).
[0096] The process of the present invention is carried out by
treating a printed textile fabric in step (B) thermally, in one or
more steps. If it is desired to carry out a plurality of steps for
thermal treatment, a plurality of steps can be carried out at the
same temperature or preferably at different temperatures.
[0097] Treatment temperatures in step (B) or each individual step
(B), hereinafter also referred to as step (B1), (B2), (B3), etc.,
may range for example from 50 to 200.degree. C.
[0098] Treatment duration in step (B) or each individual step (B)
may range for example from 10 seconds to 15 minutes and preferably
from 30 seconds to 10 minutes.
[0099] Particular preference is given to treating in a first step
(B1) at temperatures in the range of for example 50 to 110.degree.
C. for a period of 30 seconds to 3 minutes and in a second step
(B2), subsequently, at temperatures in the range from 130.degree.
C. to 200.degree. C. for a period of 30 seconds to 15 minutes.
[0100] Step (B) or each individual step (B) may be carried out in
equipment known per se, for example in atmospheric drying cabinets,
tenters or vacuum drying cabinets.
[0101] The process of the present invention is carried out by
depositing a further metal on the textile fabric in step (C).
"Textile fabric" here refers to the textile fabric previously
printed in step (A) and thermally treated in step (B).
[0102] A plurality of further metals may be deposited in step (C),
but it is preferable to deposit just one further metal.
[0103] One embodiment of the present invention utilizes carbonyl
iron powder as metal powder (a) and silver, gold and in particular
copper as further metal.
[0104] In one embodiment of the present invention, hereinafter also
referred to as step (C1), no external source of voltage is used in
step (C1) and the further metal in step (C1) has a more strongly
positive standard potential in the electrochemical series of the
elements, in alkaline or preferably in acidic solution, than the
metal underlying metal powder (a) and than hydrogen.
[0105] One possible procedure is for textile fabric printed in step
(A) and thermally treated in step (B) to be treated with a basic,
neutral or preferably acidic preferably aqueous solution of salt of
further metal and if appropriate one or more reducing agents, for
example by placing the fabric into the solution in question.
[0106] One embodiment of the present invention comprises treating
in step (C1) in the range from 0.5 minute to 12 hours and
preferably up to 30 minutes.
[0107] One embodiment of the present invention comprises treating
in step (C1) with a basic, neutral or preferably acidic solution of
salt of further metal, the solution having a temperature in the
range from 0 to 100.degree. C. and preferably in the range from 10
to 80.degree. C.
[0108] One or more reducing agents may be additionally used in step
(C1). When, for example, copper is chosen as further metal,
possible reducing agents added include for example aldehydes, in
particular reducing sugars or formaldehyde as reducing agent. When,
for example, nickel is chosen as further metal, examples of
reducing agents which can be added include alkali metal
hypophosphite, in particular NaH.sub.2PO.sub.2.2H.sub.2O, or
boranates, in particular NaBH.sub.4.
[0109] In another embodiment, hereinafter also referred to as step
(C2), of the present invention, an external source of voltage is
used in step (C2) and the further metal in step (C2) can have a
more strongly or more weakly positive standard potential in the
electrochemical series of the elements in acidic or alkaline
solution than the metal underlying metal powder (a). Preferably,
carbonyl iron powder may be chosen for this as metal powder (a) and
nickel, zinc or in particular copper as further metal. In the event
that the further metal in step (C2) has a more strongly positive
standard potential in the electrochemical series of the elements
than hydrogen and than metal underlying metal powder (a) it is
observed that additionally further metal is deposited analogously
to step (C1).
[0110] Step (C2) may be carried out for example by applying a
current having a strength in the range from 10 to 100 A and
preferably in the range from 12 to 50 A.
[0111] Step (C2) may be carried out for example by using an
external source of voltage for a period in the range from 1 to 60
minutes.
[0112] In one embodiment of the present invention, step (C1) and
step (C2) are combined by initially operating without and then with
an external source of voltage and the further metal in step (C)
having a more strongly positive standard potential in the
electrochemical series of the elements than metal underlying metal
powder (a).
[0113] One embodiment of the present invention comprises adding one
or more auxiliaries to the solution of further metal. Examples of
useful auxiliaries include buffers, surfactants, polymers, in
particular particulate polymers whose particle diameter is in the
range from 10 nm to 10 .mu.m, defoamers, one or more organic
solvents, one or more complexing agents.
[0114] Acetic acid/acetate buffers are particularly useful
buffers.
[0115] Particularly suitable surfactants are selected from
cationic, anionic and in particular nonionic surfactants.
[0116] As cationic surfactants there may be mentioned for example:
Examples of suitable cationic emulsifiers (c) are for example
C.sub.6-C.sub.18-alkyl-, -aralkyl- or heterocyclyl-containing
primary, secondary, tertiary or quaternary ammonium salts,
alkanolammonium salts, pyridinium salts, imidazolinium salts,
oxazolinium salts, morpholinium salts, thiazolinium salts and also
salts of amine oxides, quinolinium salts, isoquinolinium salts,
tropylium salts, sulfonium salts and phosphonium salts. Examples
which may be mentioned are dodecylammonium acetate or the
corresponding hydrochloride, the chlorides or acetates of the
various 2-(N,N,N-trimethylammonium)ethylparaffinic esters,
N-cetylpyridinium chloride, N-laurylpyridinium sulfate and also
N-cetyl-N,N,N-trimethyl-ammonium bromide,
N-dodecyl-N,N,N-trimethylammonium bromide,
N,N-distearyl-N,N-dimethylammonium chloride and also the Gemini
surfactant N,N-(lauryldimethyl)-ethylenediamine dibromide.
[0117] Examples of suitable anionic surfactants are alkali metal
and ammonium salts of alkyl sulfates (alkyl radical: C.sub.8 to
C.sub.12), of acid sulfuric esters of ethoxylated alkanols (degree
of ethoxylation: 4 to 30, alkyl radical: C.sub.12-C.sub.18) and of
ethoxylated alkylphenols (degree of ethoxylation: 3 to 50, alkyl
radical: C.sub.4-C.sub.12), of alkylsulfonic acids (alkyl radical:
C.sub.12-C.sub.18, of alkylarylsulfonic acids (alkyl radical:
C.sub.9-C.sub.18) and of sulfosuccinates such as for example
sulfosuccinic mono- or diesters. Preference is given to aryl- or
alkyl-substituted polyglycol ethers and also to substances
described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,218,218, and homologs with y (from the
formulae of U.S. Pat. No. 4,218,218) in the range from 10 to
37.
[0118] Particular preference is given to nonionic surfactants such
as for example singly or preferably multiply alkoxylated
C.sub.10-C.sub.30 alkanols, preferably with three to one hundred
mol of C.sub.2-C.sub.4-alkylene oxide, in particular ethoxylated
oxo process or fatty alcohols.
[0119] Suitable defoamers are for example siliconic defoamers such
as for example those of the formula
HO--(CH.sub.2).sub.3--Si(CH.sub.3)[OSi(CH.sub.3).sub.3].sub.2 and
HO--(CH.sub.2).sub.3--Si(CH.sub.3)[OSi(CH.sub.3).sub.3][OSi(CH.sub.3).sub-
.2OSi(CH.sub.3).sub.3], nonalkoxylated or alkoxylated with up to 20
equivalents of alkylene oxide and especially ethylene oxide.
Silicone-free defoamers are also suitable, examples being multiply
alkoxylated alcohols, for example fatty alcohol alkoxylates,
preferably 2 to 50-tuply ethoxylated preferably unbranched
C.sub.10-C.sub.20 alkanols, unbranched C.sub.10-C.sub.20 alkanols
and 2-ethylhexan-1-ol. Further suitable defoamers are fatty acid
C.sub.8-C.sub.20-alkyl esters, preferably C.sub.10-C.sub.20-alkyl
stearates, in each of which C.sub.8-C.sub.20-alkyl and preferably
C.sub.10-C.sub.20-alkyl may be branched or unbranched.
[0120] Suitable complexing agents are such compounds as form
chelates. Preference is given to such complexing agents as are
selected from amines, diamines and triamines bearing at least one
carboxylic acid group. Suitable examples are nitrilotriacetic acid,
ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and diethylenepentaminepentaacetic
acid and also the corresponding alkali metal salts.
[0121] One embodiment of the present invention comprises depositing
sufficient further metal as to produce a layer thickness in the
range from 100 nm to 100 .mu.m and preferably in the range from 1
.mu.m to 10 .mu.m.
[0122] Step (C) is carried out by metal powder (a) being in most
cases partially or completely replaced by further metal, and the
morphology of further deposited metal need not be identical to the
morphology of metal powder (a).
[0123] The process of the present invention is carried out by
coating before or after at least one of the steps (A), (B) and (C)
with at least one polymeric compound (e) having an insulating
effect with regard to electric current, i.e., which behaves like an
insulator and which will herein also be referred to as polymeric
compound (e) for short. Preference is given to coating with at
least one polymeric compound (e) after step (C) has been carried
out. Coating may be effected for example by drenching, spraying,
padding or knife coating.
[0124] One embodiment of the present invention comprises coating
twice with at least one polymeric compound (e), preferably before
step (A) and after step (C) is carried out.
[0125] In one embodiment of the present invention, polymeric
compound (e) comprises crosslinking silicones. Crosslinking
silicones for the purposes of the present invention are silicones
(for example polyphenylmethyl silicones or in particular
polydimethyl silicones) having reactive groups capable of leading
to a reaction, preferably a coupling reaction, of at least two
silicone molecules. Examples are Si--H groups and Si--OH groups.
Preferably, crosslinking silicones have one or two reactive groups
per molecule.
[0126] One embodiment of the present invention comprises coating
with 0.1 to 200 g/m.sup.2 of polymeric compound (e).
[0127] On completion of the deposition of further metal and if
appropriate coating with polymeric compound (e), a textile fabric
metalized in accordance with the present invention is obtained.
Textile fabric metalized in accordance with the present invention
can be rinsed one or more times with water for example.
[0128] To produce for example such textile fabrics as are to be
used for producing electrically heatable car seats, electric leads
can be secured to the ends in a conventional manner, for example by
soldering.
[0129] A specific embodiment of the present invention comprises an
optional step (D) of fixing at least one article requiring or
generating electric current at two or more locations at which
formulation comprising metal powder (a) was applied in step (A).
Such articles are herein also referred to as articles (D). Step (D)
is preferably carried out after step (B) and before step (C).
[0130] "Two or more locations" shall for the purposes of the
present invention refer to such locations of the pattern from step
(A) as comprise metal powder (a).
[0131] In one embodiment of the present invention, any two of the
locations printed in step (A) and to which at least one article
needing or generating electric current is fixed in step (D) belong
to different parts, for example stripes, of the pattern printed in
step (A).
[0132] Preferably, any two of the locations specified in step (D)
are close together, for example in the range from 0.1 to 5 mm and
preferably up to 2 mm.
[0133] In one embodiment of the present invention, the articles
needing or generating electric current which are fixed in step (D)
are relatively small, for example having an average diameter in the
range from 1 to 5 mm or less.
[0134] In one embodiment of the present invention, articles (D)
have at least two terminals of which one is fixed at the
abovementioned location.
[0135] Articles (D) may be different in kind or the same.
[0136] One embodiment of the present invention selects articles (D)
from light-emitting diodes, liquid-crystalline display elements,
Peltier elements, transistors, electrochromic dyes, resistive
elements, capacitive elements, inductive elements, diodes,
transistors, actuators, electromechanical elements and solar
cells.
[0137] Light-emitting diodes, liquid-crystalline display elements,
Peltier elements, transistors, electrochromic dyes, resistive
elements, capacitive elements, inductive elements, diodes,
transistors, actuators, electromechanical elements and solar cells
are known as such and are commercially available.
[0138] In one embodiment of the present invention, the fixing of
articles (D) is carried out in conventional mounting processes and
systems. Examples of mounting processes and systems are known from
circuit-board manufacture for example (surface mount technology).
Automatic placement machines place for example one or more articles
(D) at the particular desired location of the textile surface
processed by step (A).
[0139] One embodiment of the present invention, where sufficiently
small articles (D) are to be fixed, proceeds from articles (D)
packed in belts of cardboard or plastic. The belts have pockets
holding the articles (D). The upper surface of the pocket is sealed
for example by a film which can be peeled off to remove article
(D). The belts themselves are wound up on a roll. On at least one
side, the roll has holes at regular intervals via which the belt
can be forwarded by the automatic placement machine. These rolls
are fed to the automatic placement machine by means of feeders. The
articles (D) are removed for example with vacuum tweezers or
grippers and then placed in the desired position of the textile
substrate. This operation is repeated for all articles (D) to be
fixed.
[0140] The present invention further provides metalized textile
fabrics obtainable by the process described above. Metalized
textile fabrics in accordance with the present invention are not
just produced in an efficient and specific manner. For instance,
the flexibility and electrical conductivity, for example, can be
influenced in a specific manner by the identity of the printed
pattern of metal powder (a) and by the amount of deposited further
metal for example. Metalized textile fabrics in accordance with the
present invention are also flexible in use, for example in
applications for electroconductive textiles.
[0141] In one embodiment of the present invention, metalized
textile fabrics in accordance with the present invention which have
been printed with a line or stripy pattern have a specific
resistance in the range from 1 m.OMEGA.g/cm.sup.2 to 1
M.OMEGA./cm.sup.2 or in the range from 1 .mu..OMEGA./cm to 1
M.OMEGA./cm, measured at room temperature and along the stripes or
the lines in question.
[0142] In one embodiment of the present invention, metalized
textile fabrics printed with a line or stripy pattern and in
accordance with the present invention comprise at least two leads
secured in a conventional manner, for example soldered, to the
respective ends of lines or stripes.
[0143] The present invention further provides for the use of
metalized textile fabrics in accordance with the present invention,
for example for producing heatable textiles, in particular heatable
car seats and heatable carpets, wall coverings and clothing, also
bedding and bedlinen.
[0144] The present invention further provides for the use of
metalized textile fabrics in accordance with the present invention
as or for producing textiles that convert electricity into heat,
furthermore, textiles able to screen off natural or artificial
electric fields, textile-integrated electronics and RFID textiles.
RFID textiles are for example textiles capable of identifying a
radio frequency, for example by means of a transponder or an RFID
tag. Such devices do not require an internal source of
electricity.
[0145] Examples of textile-integrated electronics are
textile-integrated sensors, transistors, chips, light-emitting
diodes (LEDs), solar modules, solar cells and Peltier elements.
Textile-integrated sensors are suitable for example for monitoring
the bodily functions of infants or older people.
[0146] The present invention accordingly provides processes for
producing heatable textiles, for example heatable wall coverings
and curtains, heatable car seats and heatable carpets, also for
producing such textiles as convert electricity into heat, also such
textiles as are capable of screening off electric fields,
textile-integrated electronics and RFID textiles using metalized
textile fabrics in accordance with the present invention. Present
invention processes for producing heatable textiles, such textiles
as convert electricity into heat, also such textiles as are capable
of screening off electric fields, and RFID textiles using metalized
textile fabrics in accordance with the present invention can be
carried out for example by making up metalized textile fabric in
accordance with the present invention.
[0147] The present invention specifically provides heatable car
seats produced using metalized textile fabrics in accordance with
the present invention. Heatable car seats in accordance with the
present invention require for example little current to produce a
pleasant seat temperature, and therefore relieve the car's battery,
an advantage in winter in particular. Furthermore, the process of
the present invention makes it possible to produce heatable car
seats in a flexible design, and this ensures a comfortable
distribution of heat, for example due to few hot spots.
[0148] The present invention specifically provides wall coverings,
curtains and in particular carpets produced using or consisting of
metalized textile fabrics in accordance with the present
invention.
[0149] The invention is elucidated by working examples.
[0150] I. Production of a Printing Paste
[0151] The following are stirred together:
[0152] 54 g of water
[0153] 750 g of carbonyl iron powder, not passivated, d.sub.10 3
.mu.m, d.sub.50 4.5 .mu.m, d.sub.90 9 .mu.m.
[0154] 125 g of an aqueous dispersion, pH 6.6, solids content 39.3%
by weight, of a random emulsion copolymer of
[0155] 1.9 parts by weight of N-methylolacrylamide, 1.3 parts by
weight of acrylic acid, 9.8% by weight of styrene, 40 parts by
weight of n-butyl acrylate, 47 parts by weight of ethyl acrylate,
parts by weight all based on total solids, average particle
diameter (weight average) 172 nm, determined by Coulter Counter,
T.sub.g: -19.degree. C. (binder b.1) dynamic viscosity (23.degree.
C.) 70 mPas,
[0156] 20 g of compound of the formula
##STR00002##
[0157] 20 g of a 51% by weight solution of a reaction product of
hexamethyl diisocyanate with
n-C.sub.18H.sub.37(OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2).sub.15OH in isopropanol/water
(volume fractions 2:3)
[0158] Stirring was done for 20 minutes at 5000 rpm (Ultra-Thurrax)
to obtain a printing paste having a dynamic viscosity of 30 dPas at
23.degree. C., measured using a Haake rotary viscometer.
[0159] II. Printing of Textile: Coating with Polymeric Compound
(e.1), Step (A), and Step (B)
[0160] First, a crosslinking silicone (e.1) was applied to one side
of a polyester nonwoven, basis weight 90 g/cm.sup.2.
[0161] Thereafter, the polyester nonwoven was printed on the side
treated with silicone (e.1) with a printing paste of I, using a 60
mesh sieve with a stripy pattern.
[0162] This was followed by drying in a drying cabinet at
100.degree. C. for 10 minutes. Thereafter, fixing was carried out
in a drying cabinet at a temperature of 150.degree. C. for a period
of 5 minutes.
[0163] A printed and thermally treated polyester nonwoven was
obtained.
[0164] III. Depositing a Further Metal, Step (C)
[0165] III.1 Depositing Copper without External Source of
Voltage
[0166] Printed and thermally treated polyester nonwoven of II. was
treated for 10 minutes in a bath (room temperature) having the
following composition:
[0167] 1.47 kg of CuSO.sub.4.5 H.sub.2O
[0168] 382 g of H.sub.2SO.sub.4
[0169] 5.1 l of distilled water
[0170] 1.1 g of NaCl
[0171] 5 g of
C.sub.13/C.sub.15-alkyl-O-(EO).sub.10(PO).sub.5--CH.sub.3
[0172] (EO: CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2--O, PO:
CH.sub.2--CH(CH.sub.3)--O)
[0173] The polyester nonwoven was removed, rinsed twice under
running water and dried at 90.degree. C. for one hour.
[0174] Inventive metalized textile T-1 was obtained.
[0175] III.2 Depositing Further Metal by Electroplating
[0176] Printed and thermally treated polyester nonwoven of II. was
in each case treated in an electroplating bath having the following
composition:
[0177] 1.47 kg of CuSO.sub.4.5H.sub.2O
[0178] 382 g of H.sub.2SO.sub.4
[0179] 5.1 l of distilled water
[0180] 1.1 g of NaCl
[0181] 5 g of
C.sub.13/C.sub.15-alkyl-O-(EO).sub.10(PO).sub.5--CH.sub.3
[0182] The polyester nonwoven was removed, rinsed twice under
running water and dried at 90.degree. C. for one hour.
[0183] III.2.1 Electroplating for 10 Minutes
[0184] Electroplating was carried out in an above-described
electroplating bath for 10 minutes using an electrode as cathode
and connecting the anode at the contact of the printed polyester
nonwoven.
[0185] Inventive metalized textile T-2 was obtained.
[0186] III.2.1 Electroplating for 30 Minutes
[0187] Electroplating was carried out in an above-described
electroplating bath for 30 minutes using an electrode as cathode
and connecting the anode at the contact of the printed polyester
nonwoven.
[0188] Inventive metalized textile T-3 was obtained.
[0189] This was followed by coating.
[0190] Textile metalized according to the present invention was
obtained with excellent performance characteristics.
* * * * *