U.S. patent application number 12/485134 was filed with the patent office on 2010-06-10 for torsionally loadable wind turbine blade.
This patent application is currently assigned to General Electric Company. Invention is credited to Axel Braicks, Jacob J. Nies.
Application Number | 20100143135 12/485134 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 42231278 |
Filed Date | 2010-06-10 |
United States Patent
Application |
20100143135 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Nies; Jacob J. ; et
al. |
June 10, 2010 |
TORSIONALLY LOADABLE WIND TURBINE BLADE
Abstract
A torsionally loadable wind turbine blade, includes a loading
member secured to a body of the wind turbine blade; and an adjuster
for actively displacing the loading member and torsionally
deforming the blade on a spanwise axis.
Inventors: |
Nies; Jacob J.; (Zwolle,
NL) ; Braicks; Axel; (Rheine, DE) |
Correspondence
Address: |
GE ENERGY GENERAL ELECTRIC;C/O ERNEST G. CUSICK
ONE RIVER ROAD, BLD. 43, ROOM 225
SCHENECTADY
NY
12345
US
|
Assignee: |
General Electric Company
|
Family ID: |
42231278 |
Appl. No.: |
12/485134 |
Filed: |
June 16, 2009 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
416/147 ;
416/226 |
Current CPC
Class: |
Y02E 10/722 20130101;
F03D 1/0675 20130101; F05B 2260/70 20130101; Y02E 10/723 20130101;
Y02E 10/72 20130101; Y02E 10/725 20130101; F03D 80/00 20160501;
F03D 7/0224 20130101; F03D 9/25 20160501; F05B 2240/31 20130101;
Y02E 10/721 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
416/147 ;
416/226 |
International
Class: |
F03D 7/02 20060101
F03D007/02; F03D 1/06 20060101 F03D001/06 |
Claims
1. A torsionally loadable wind turbine blade, comprising: a loading
member secured to a body of the wind turbine blade: and an adjuster
for actively displacing the loading member and torsionally
deforming the blade on a spanwise axis.
2. The torsionally loadable wind turbine blade recited in claim 1,
wherein the body comprises a spar of the wind turbine blade.
3. The torsionally loadable wind turbine blade recited in claim 1,
wherein the loading member comprises a tension member.
4. The torsionally loadable wind turbine blade recited in claim 1,
wherein the tension member comprises a cable.
5. The torsionally loadable wind turbine blade recited in claim 1,
wherein the adjuster comprises a tensioner.
6. The torsionally loadable wind turbine blade recited in claim 4,
wherein the adjuster comprises a cable tensioner.
7. The torsionally loadable wind turbine blade recited in claim 4,
further comprising at least one pulley for routing the cable along
the body of the wind turbine blade.
8. The torsionally loadable wind turbine blade recited in claim 1,
further comprising a controller for controlling the adjuster.
9. A wind turbine, comprising: a tower; a gearbox connected to an
electrical generator arranged on the tower; a blade, having a spar,
for rotating the gearbox and driving the generator; a loading
member secured to the spar: and an adjuster for actively for
actively displacing the loading member and torsionally deforming
the blade on a spanwise axis.
10. The wind turbine recited in claim 9, further comprising a
controller for controlling the adjuster.
11. The wind turbine recited in claim 10, wherein the loading
member comprises a tension member.
12. The wind turbine recited in claim 11, wherein the tension
member comprises a cable.
13. The wind turbine recited in claim 12, further comprising at
least one pulley for routing the cable along the spar.
14. The wind turbine recited in claim 9, further comprising a
second loading member secured to the spar at a different location
from the first loading member.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0001] 1. Technical Field
[0002] The subject matter described here generally relates to fluid
reaction surfaces with specific blade structures that are formed
with a main spar, and, more particularly, to torsion loading for
wind turbine blades.
[0003] 2. Related Art
[0004] A wind turbine is a machine for converting the kinetic
energy in wind into mechanical energy. If the mechanical energy is
used directly by the machinery, such as to pump water or to grind
wheat, then the wind turbine may be referred to as a windmill.
Similarly, if the mechanical energy is converted to electricity,
then the machine may also be referred to as a wind generator or
wind power plant.
[0005] Wind turbines are typically categorized according to the
vertical or horizontal axis about which the blades rotate. One
so-called horizontal-axis wind generator is schematically
illustrated in FIG. 1 and available from General Electric Company.
This particular configuration for a wind turbine 2 includes a tower
4 supporting a nacelle 6 enclosing a drive train 8. The blades 10
are arranged on a "hub 9 to form a "rotor" at one end of the drive
train 8 outside of the nacelle 6. The rotor drives a gearbox 12
connected to an electrical generator 14 at the other end of the
drive train 8 arranged inside the nacelle 6 along with a control
system 16 that may receive input from an anemometer 18. The
function of a general gearbox is to transfer high torques with low
rpm to low torques with high rpm. This can also be done with other
torque/speed transfer mechanisms, such as hydraulic systems.
Alternative drivetrains connect the rotor and the generator in a
way that the rotational speed of rotor and generator are equal.
[0006] The blades 10 generate lift and capture momentum from moving
air that is them imparted to the rotor as the blades spin in the
"rotor plane." Each blade 10 is typically secured to the hub 9 at
its "root" end, and then "spans" radially "outboard" to a free,
"tip" end. The front, or "leading edge," of the blade 10 connects
the forward-most points of the blade that first contact the air.
The rear, or "trailing edge,"of the blade 10 is where airflow that
has been separated by the leading edge rejoins after passing over
the suction and pressure surfaces of the blade. A "chord line"
connects the leading and trailing edges of the blade in the
direction of the typical airflow across the blade. The length of
the chord line is simply the "chord." The shape of the blade 10,
when viewed perpendicular to the direction of flow, is called the
"planform." The thickness of a blade 10 typically varies across the
planform and chord.
[0007] The blades 10 are typically fabricated by securing various
"shell" and/or "rib" portions to one or more "spar" members
extending spanwise along the inside of the blade for carrying most
of the weight and aerodynamic forces on the blade. Spars are
typically configured as I-shaped beams having a web, referred to as
a "shear web," extending between two flanges, referred to as "caps"
or "spar caps," that are secured to the inside of the suction and
pressure surfaces of the blade. However, other spar configurations
may also be used including, but not limited to "C-," "D-," "L-,"
"T-," "X-," "K-," and/or box-shaped beams. The shear web may also
be utilized without caps.
[0008] "Angle of attack" is a term that is used in to describe the
angle between the chord line of the blade 10 and the vector
representing the relative motion between the blade and the air.
"Pitching" refers to rotating the angle of attack of the entire
blade 10 along the spanwise axis into or out of the wind in order
to control the rotational speed and/or absorption of power from the
wind. For example, pitching the blade "towards feather" rotates of
the leading edge of the blade 10 into the wind, while pitching the
blades "towards stall" rotates the leading edge of the blade out of
the wind.
[0009] Since the speed of the blades 10 relative to air increases
along the span of the rotating blades, the shape of the blades is
typically twisted in order to maintain a generally consistent angle
of attack at most points along the span of the blade. However, such
fixed twist angles are generally optimized for only one set of
operating parameters for the wind turbine 2.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0010] These and other drawbacks associated with such conventional
approaches are addressed here in by providing, in various
embodiments, a torsionally loadable wind turbine blade, including a
loading member secured to a body of the wind turbine blade; and an
adjuster for actively displacing the loading member and torsionally
deforming the blade on a spanwise axis.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0011] Various aspects of this technology will now be described
with reference to the following figures ("FIGs.") which are not
necessarily drawn to scale, but use the same reference numerals to
designate corresponding parts throughout each of the several
views.
[0012] FIG. 1 is a schematic side view of a conventional wind
turbine.
[0013] FIG. 2 is a schematic orthographic view of a spanwise
portion of a wind turbine blade for use with the wind turbine shown
in FIG. 1.
[0014] FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the spar in
FIG. 2.
[0015] FIG. 4 is a schematic orthographic view of a spar for use
with the wind turbine blade shown in FIG. 2.
[0016] FIG. 5 is a plot of torque versus span for the wind turbine
blade shown in FIG. 5.
[0017] FIG. 6 is a plot of torsional deformation versus spanwise
location.
[0018] FIG. 7 is a plot of electrical power versus wind speed.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0019] FIG. 2 is a schematic orthographic view of a spanwise
portion of a torsionally loadable blade 20 for the wind turbine 2
shown in FIG. 1 or any other wind turbine. For example, the blade
20 may be used to replace the conventional blades 10 shown in FIG.
1.
[0020] The blade 20 includes one or more loading member(s) 22
secured at one or more locations of a body of the wind turbine
blade 20. For example, as illustrated in FIG. 2, the loading member
22 may be secured to the spar 24. Although FIG. 2 illustrates the
loading member 22 being wrapped around the inside of the spar 24,
it may also be arranged in other configurations, including on the
outside of the spar. An adjuster 26 is also provided for actively
displacing the loading member 22 and torsionally deforming the
blade 20 on its spanwise axis. Suitable elasticity may also be
provided with air pressure in cylinders or bellows.
[0021] In various embodiments, the loading member 22 may be as
stiff as possible along its loaded axis and as flexible as possible
along the bending axis so that it does not interfere with the
bending deformation of the blade 10. For example, the flexibility
may be elastic in a linear or non-linear configuration. The loading
member 22 may also be arranged in such a way that the spar cap is
torsionally loaded.
[0022] As illustrated in the schematic cross-sectional view of the
spar 24 shown in FIG. 3, the loading member 22 includes a rope, or
cable 28. The cable 28 is slideably supported on the inside of the
spar 24 by pulleys 30. Although three pulleys 30 are illustrated in
the corners of the spar 24, any other number and/or arrangement may
also be used. Alternatively, or in addition, the cable 28 may be
supported by hooks or loops. A tensioner 32 is provided for
actively tensioning and/or releasing the cable 28. For example, the
tensioner 32 may be a cable winder that is controlled by the
control system 16 (FIG. 1) or pitch drive in response to one or
more operating parameters of the wind turbine 2.
[0023] Other arrangements for the cable 28 may also be provided.
For example, as illustrated for the I-shaped spar 24 in FIG. 4, the
cable 28 may be arranged to extend between upper an lower flanges
on opposites sides of the spar. A second cable may also be provided
on the opposite side of the spar 24 for rotationally-deforming the
spar in the opposite direction.
[0024] Multiple loading members 22 and adjusters 26 may be provided
in different sections of the blade 20. For example, since the blade
20 is relatively stiff near the root as compared to at the tip,
torsional loads may be concentrated in areas that have a lower than
average stiffness in order to achieve maximum deformation.
Alternatively, or in addition, as illustrated in FIG. 5, loading
may be provided by rotation and/or incremental steps. For example,
higher levels of torque T may be provided near the root of the
blade 20 as compared to sections of the blade closer to the tip in
order to achieve a desired rate of deformation along the span. If
more than one location is used, the amount of torsion applied at a
particular point may be tuned by providing flexible isolation
elements 33 that are mounted between the blade structure (e.g.,
ribs) and the loading member 22. The torque and corresponding
deformation is each of the resulting sections of the blade 20 may
then be controlled independently in order to achieve various
deformation rates along the span of the blade 20. A torsional
rotation range may also be provided in which no load is
transmitted.
[0025] For example, it is expected that the technology described
above will provide a typical forty-meter blade 10 available from
General Electric Corporation with a roughly exponentially
increasing torsional deformation D, in degrees, along the length of
the span L, in meters, as shown in FIG. 6. The force needed to
rotate the tip by about 4 degrees using a cable 28 that is attached
inside the spar 24 is expected to be about 40 kN, using 70% of the
height and 60% of the width of the spar. An aramid rope of 11 mm
diameter will elongate about 2% at this load, over the used length
that means 2% over approximately 80 meter or about 1.5 meters. A
winch or a linear actuator may then be used to load the rope.
[0026] FIG. 7 shows a power curve 34 for a typical blade 34 and a
power curve 36 for the blade 20 having the torsional deformation
illustrated in FIG. 6. FIG. 7 illustrates the increased power that
is expected to be obtained for the torsionally deformable blade 20,
particularly just below rated wind speeds, whereby the annual
energy production is expected to increase by about 1.1%.
[0027] The technology described above offers various advantages
over conventional approaches. It allows the blade 20 to be
torsionally deformed so that the angle of attack for a given pitch
at off-design wind speeds is closer to an optimum value. The
optimum angle of attack over the blade length may then be obtained
at a wider range of wind speeds. Energy capture can therefore be
enhanced.
[0028] It should be emphasized that the embodiments described
above, and particularly any "preferred" embodiments, are merely
examples of various implementations that have been set forth here
to provide a clear understanding of various aspects of this
technology. One of ordinary skill will be able to alter many of
these embodiments without substantially departing from scope of
protection defined solely by the proper construction of the
following claims.
* * * * *