U.S. patent application number 12/688507 was filed with the patent office on 2010-06-10 for trap for catching woodland, garden and agricultural insect pests and method for trapping and storing woodland, garden and agricultural insect pests.
This patent application is currently assigned to BASF SE. Invention is credited to Andrzej BARCZYK, Leszek CWIKLINSKI.
Application Number | 20100139151 12/688507 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 34118047 |
Filed Date | 2010-06-10 |
United States Patent
Application |
20100139151 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
CWIKLINSKI; Leszek ; et
al. |
June 10, 2010 |
Trap for Catching Woodland, Garden and Agricultural Insect Pests
and Method for Trapping and Storing Woodland, Garden and
Agricultural Insect Pests
Abstract
A trap for catching woodland, garden, and agricultural insect
pests, consisting of a catching part (37) with an outlet opening,
and a container (31) for storing caught pests, has a device for
separating the captured pests from water and small debris. The
device for separating the captured pests from water and small
debris is placed between the outlet opening of the catching part
and the container. The device for separating the caught pests from
water and small debris has a shape of a funnel (135) having a
funnel inlet covered up by a mesh (32) and an funnel outlet (36)
situated outside of the container (31) for storing the caught
pests. The funnel inlet is placed below the outlet opening of the
catching part (37).
Inventors: |
CWIKLINSKI; Leszek; (Krakow,
PL) ; BARCZYK; Andrzej; (Wolbrom, PL) |
Correspondence
Address: |
BRINKS, HOFER, GILSON & LIONE
P.O. BOX 1340
MORRISVILLE
NC
27560
US
|
Assignee: |
BASF SE
Ludwighafen
DE
|
Family ID: |
34118047 |
Appl. No.: |
12/688507 |
Filed: |
January 15, 2010 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
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10566449 |
Jan 27, 2006 |
7669362 |
|
|
PCT/PL2004/000060 |
Jul 30, 2004 |
|
|
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12688507 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
43/107 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A01M 1/02 20130101; A01M
1/103 20130101; A01M 2200/011 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
43/107 |
International
Class: |
A01M 1/10 20060101
A01M001/10 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Jul 31, 2003 |
PL |
P.361513 |
Jul 22, 2004 |
PL |
P.369216 |
Claims
1-43. (canceled)
44. A trap for catching woodland, garden, and agricultural insect
pests, comprising a catching part with an outlet opening; a
container for storing caught pests; and a separating device for
separating the caught pests from water and small debris; wherein:
said separating device is placed on a movement path of the caught
pests, which extends from the outlet opening of the catching part
to the container; said separating device comprises a mesh; wherein
said mesh is adapted to let water pass therethrough while insect
pests are unable to pass therethrough and thus are separated from
water and small debris by said mesh, so that water entering the
trap does not enter into the container for storing the caught
pests.
45. The trap according to claim 44, wherein said container contains
a side-mounted water drain.
46. The trap according to claim 45, wherein the outlet of said
water drain is set in a bottom wall of the container.
47. The trap according to claim 45, wherein the outlet of said
water drain is situated vertically.
48. The trap according to claim 44 wherein the separating device
has a shape of a funnel, made out of rolled up edges of an opening
located in a bottom or in one of side walls of the container for
storing the caught pests, wherein an inlet of the funnel is covered
up by a mesh, and its outlet is situated outside of the container
for storing the captured pests and the inlet of the funnel is
placed below the outlet opening of the catching part and wherein
the inlet to the funnel overlaps a horizontal projection of the
outlet opening of the catching part.
49. The trap according to claim 48 wherein the mesh covering the
funnel inlet is situated in parallel relation to, or at an angle to
the bottom of the container for storing the caught pests.
50. The trap according to claim 44 wherein the separating device is
a mesh-made tube insert situated at an angle and connecting the
catching part with the container for storing the caught pests.
51. The trap according to claim 44 wherein the separating device is
a tube formed from mesh.
52. The trap according to claim 44 wherein the separating device is
a sloping partition, situated above the container, with drainage
openings, an edge of which adjoins an edge of an opening of an
additional container attached to a bottom or to a side wall of the
container.
53. The trap according to claim 52 wherein the sloping partition
contains a mesh-covered opening, situated below the outlet opening
of the catching part, wherein the outlet opening overlaps the
mesh-covered opening.
54. The trap according to claim 44 wherein the separating device
has a shape of a funnel covered at the top by a mesh and wherein a
lower outlet of the funnel is set in a double elbow with branching
tubes having ends set in openings made in side walls of the
container, wherein the funnel's inlet opening is situated under the
outlet opening of the trap's catching part, and is not smaller than
the outlet opening of the catching part.
55. The trap according to claim 44 wherein the separating device is
a mesh placed between the side wall and a sloping partition, which
protrudes outside the container, through an opening made in a side
wall of the container.
56. The trap according to claim 55 wherein the sloping partition,
located under the mesh, and the mesh itself, are situated at an
angle to a leveled bottom of the container and wherein a chamber
for storing the caught pests, is marked out by the partition and
the bottom of the container and at the same time, the mesh is
situated under the outlet opening of the trap's catching part, and
is not smaller than the said outlet opening of the catching
part.
57. The trap according to claim 44 wherein the catching part is
connected to the container through a reducer forming a device for
directing the caught pests.
58. The trap according to claim 57 wherein the separating device is
a mesh placed in openings made in sloping walls of the reducer.
59. The trap according to claim 44 wherein the container for
storing the caught pests is partially filled by a solution of
water, light and heavy alcohols, detergent, and an attracting
agent.
60. The trap according to claim 44 wherein the container for
storing the caught pests is partially filled by a solution of
water, ethylene glycol (20-100%), ethanol (10-50%), antitranspirant
(1-5%), and a functional form of a pheromone (3-20%).
61. The trap according to claim 44 wherein the container for
storing the caught pests is made of transparent material and a side
wall of the container is provided with a scale allowing to define
the amount of caught pests without taking them out and
counting.
62. The trap according to claim 57 wherein the reducer matches the
outlet opening of the catching part to a surface of a filtering
mesh placed in the container for storing the caught pests.
63. The trap according to claim 44 wherein the catching part is
topped by a roof containing an opening.
64. The trap according to claim 44 wherein the catching part has a
device directing pests towards the device for separating the caught
pests from water and small debris.
65. The trap according to claim 44 wherein the catching part has a
shape of a container, opened at its top, narrowing towards its
bottom and provided with a lower part forming a directing
device.
66. The trap according to claim 65 further comprising a roof above
the catching part.
67. The trap according to claim 66 wherein the space between the
catching part and the roof creates an entrance area facilitating
easier entry into the trap.
68. The trap according to claim 65 wherein the catching part and
the container for the caught pests are covered with a mesh sack,
top edges of which are fastened tightly with outer edges of the
container.
69. The trap according to claim 44 wherein an outer element of the
catching part has a shape of a pyramid having an opening at its
top.
70. The trap according to claim 69 further comprising an inner
element placed below the opening of the pyramid, the inner element
forming a directing device having an outlet opening, which is
placed above the separating device.
71. The trap according to claim 70 wherein an elastic flange is
place around the opening of the pyramid to seal the outer element
of the catching part to the inner element of the catching part.
72. The trap according to claim 70 wherein side walls of the
pyramid have a shape of a trapezoid and are set at an angle of
between 25 to 35 degrees relative to the ground level.
73. The trap according to claim 72 wherein the side walls of the
pyramid are made of a dark material fastened to a rigid frame.
74. The trap according to claim 73 wherein the side walls of the
pyramid end with an apron, which is partially buried in the
ground.
75. The trap according to claim 44 wherein the catching part is a
container in a shape of a truncated wedge finished at its bottom
with a directing device.
76. The trap according to claim 75 wherein side walls of the
container are provided with mini funnels, which narrow towards the
inside of the container.
77. The trap according to claim 76 wherein the mini funnels are
shaped as truncated cones or gutters.
78. The trap according to claim 76 wherein the mini funnels are
connected with U-shaped clamps.
79. The trap according to claim 76 wherein outer walls of the
container are harmonica-shaped and divided into multiple
symmetrical wedges connected by elastic links.
80. The trap according to claim 44 wherein the catching part is
formed from cuboids connected together and situated creating a
star-shape.
81. The trap according to claim 44 wherein the catching part is a
cuboid having walls with small openings or mini funnels on them and
larger entrance openings.
82. The trap according to claim 44 wherein the device for
separating the caught pests from water and small debris is an
additional container with walls made of material-penetrable by the
water and steam and not penetrable by the light.
83. The trap according to claim 82 wherein the additional container
has an opening in its upper part, which leads to a container, made
of material penetrable by the light, for storing the caught
pests.
84. A method for catching woodland, garden, and agricultural insect
pests, comprising providing a trap comprising a catching part, a
container for storing the captured pests, and a separating device
for separating the captured insect pests from water and small
debris, wherein said separating device is placed on a movement path
of the captured pests, which extends from an outlet opening of the
catching part to the container, said separating device comprises a
mesh, said mesh being adapted to let water pass therethrough while
insect pests do not pass therethrough and are thus separated by
said mesh from water and small debris, and hanging said trap with a
bottom of the container for storing the caught pests being in a
horizontal position, so that water entering the trap does not enter
into the container storing the captured pests.
85. The method for catching insect pests according to claim 84,
further comprising a directing device for directing the outlet
opening of the catching part towards the device for separating the
captured insects from water and small debris using a directing
device.
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present invention relates to a trap for catching
woodland, garden, and agricultural insect pests, as well as to a
method for trapping and storing harmful woodland, garden, and
agricultural insect pests.
BACKGROUND ART
[0002] There are many different types of traps used in Polish
forestry to fight and to control the appearance of harmful insects
or insect pests. Among these are the tube-type Borregaard traps,
the slit box Theysohn traps, as well as segment-shaped and
triangular barrier type ones. The Czech Republic, in turn, favors
the cross barrier-type Ecotrap traps.
[0003] The traps usually consist of a catching part and a container
for storing captured insects. With the noted exception of the
Theysohn trap, the storage containers are usually bottle-shaped.
Their bottoms usually have, in the center, a small opening, covered
with fine mesh. In the Theysohn traps the container for storing
captured insects has an oblong shape, and has the form of a
removable drawer, located at the bottom of the trap. The trap's
bottom contains three, symmetrically spaced out openings, covered
with metal mesh. In traps used in the Czech Republic, the entire
bottom of the trap is made up of a fine mesh.
[0004] In spite of the openings situated into the bottoms of the
catching containers used for storing the captured insects, they are
often fill up with rainwater. This is due to low permeability of
the mesh, its predisposition to getting clogged up, as well as to
the openings being placed in the center of the bottoms of the
containers. Due to the fact that it is practically impossible to
hang the traps in the field, in such a way that would assure the
horizontal position of the containers, rainwater tends to linger
within, following periods of precipitation. The increased moisture,
in such traps, accelerates the decomposition of the captured
insects. Their remains, together with other collected debris
(conifer needles, pieces of fallen buds and flowers, dust etc.), in
turn, contribute to the clogging of the mesh. Shortcomings in
system of drainage and storage of captured pests, result in
conditions attracting scavenging insects. The noxious odor coming
off the decomposing insects, in effect lowers the catch-off rate by
as much as fifty percent. Moreover, the alive insects, inside the
seldom-emptied containers, generate scents and sounds, which
frighten off other insects heading toward the traps. The above
mentioned drawbacks of the traps cause that the traps containers
have to be emptied at least once a week, which is extremely
burdensome, tedious, and expensive--especially in mountainous
areas.
[0005] The presently used traps are used to catch various insects.
However, as a rule, each single trap is designated for catching a
specific kind of insects. The Polish patent No. 110924 describes an
insect trap, using various types of baiting substances. Its main
element is a foil sleeve, mounted on a scaffold, and fastened to a
base. Edges of the foil sleeve are placed over the edge of a frame,
creating two pockets, into which the captured insects fall.
[0006] One of the known solutions is presented in the Polish patent
No. 120629, which describes an insect trap used mostly to catch
woodworms. The tube-shaped body of this trap is equipped with
projections, between which openings are placed. The projections are
arranged in corkscrew fashion, facilitating the insects'
progression towards the inlet openings.
[0007] Another solution is presented in Polish patent No. 123775,
which describes a trap for catching butterflies. It is made up of a
funnel, with a smooth inner surface, set inside a tube. The funnel
is surmounted by a roof with an attached ring, from which the bait
is hanged.
[0008] The Polish patent No. 123776 describes a trap for catching
woodworms. It consists of two triangular pieces of foil, attached
to a crossbar. The edges of the foil are folded to form gutters.
The tops of the foil pieces are fastened with a clamp collar inside
a funnel, connected to a container.
[0009] One of the known solutions is presented in the Polish patent
No. 150897, which describes a segmented container for storing
caught woodworms. Between the top and bottom segments, intermediate
segments, equipped with mesh strainers, are placed. These are
arranged with the segments containing the most loosely woven mesh,
placed above those with the finer mesh.
[0010] Another known solution is presented in the Polish patent No.
154420, which describes an earth trap for catching insects. Its
main element is a container equipped with an inlet opening, around
which an earth mound--with a gradient of 5.degree. to
40.degree.--is made.
[0011] The Polish patent No. 167442 describes a ground surface
trap, used to catch weevils. It is made up of a closed container,
equipped with inlet openings, drainage openings, and a baiting
substance. The inlets to this trap are constructed of tubes, let
into its interior.
[0012] Another trap is presented in the Polish patent No. 170106
and this is a selective field trap for catching flies, including a
container with a removable lid, inside of which a source of fumes
of a chemical baiting agent is placed.
[0013] Known solution is also presented in the Polish patent No.
178779 describing an insect baiting station in the form of a hollow
body, with a base, and a cover attached to that base. The cover is
equipped with a bridge, situated over the bottom, and a chamber,
containing liquid bait.
[0014] The Polish patent No. 177998 describes an insert to a
grasping trap. It has the form of a truncated cone, with a funnel
covered with a nontoxic adhesive substance, applied to the funnel's
mantle in trapezoid-shaped strips.
AIM OF THE INVENTION
[0015] The purpose of the present invention is to develop a trap,
the field maintenance of which would be less laborious, and
which--thanks to improved drainage and method of storing the caught
insects--would be more efficient than the existing designs.
DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION
[0016] The present invention relates to a trap for catching
woodland, garden, and agricultural insect pests, consisting of a
catching part with an outlet opening, and a container for storing
caught pests. The trap has a device for separating the captured
pests from water and small debris, which is placed on a caught
pests movement path extending form the outlet opening to the
container that means that the device for separating the captured
pests from water and small debris is placed between the outlet
opening of the catching part and the container.
The device for separating the caught pests from water and small
debris can have a shape of a funnel having a funnel inlet covered
up by a mesh and an funnel outlet situated outside of the container
for storing the caught pests wherein the funnel inlet is placed
below the outlet opening of the catching part or a shape of a
funnel, made out of rolled up edges of an opening located in a
bottom or in one of side walls of the container for storing the
caught pests, wherein an inlet of the funnel is covered up by a
mesh, and its outlet is situated outside of the container for
storing the captured pests and the inlet of the funnel is placed
below the outlet opening of the catching part and wherein the inlet
to the funnel overlaps a horizontal projection of the outlet
opening of the catching part.
[0017] The mesh covering the funnel inlet can be situated
parallelly, or at an angle to the bottom of the container for
storing the caught pests.
[0018] It is possible that the device for separating the caught
pests from water and small debris is a mesh-made tube insert
situated at an angle and connecting the catching part with the
container for storing the caught pests or can be a tube formed from
mesh.
[0019] The device for separating the caught pests from water and
small debris can be a sloping partition, situated above the
container, with drainage openings, an edge of which adjoins an edge
of an opening of an additional container attached to a bottom or to
a side wall of the container.
[0020] The sloping partition contains a mesh-covered opening,
situated below the outlet opening of the catching part, wherein the
outlet opening overlaps the mesh-covered opening.
[0021] The device for separating the caught pests from water and
small debris can have a shape of a funnel covered at the top by a
mesh. A lower outlet of the funnel can be formed as a double elbow
with branching tubes having ends set in openings made in side walls
of the container. The funnel's inlet opening can be situated under
the outlet opening of the trap's catching part, and should be not
smaller than the outlet opening of the catching part.
[0022] The device for separating the caught pests from water and
small debris can be a mesh placed between the side wall and a
sloping partition, which protrudes outside the container, through
an opening made in a side wall of the container.
[0023] Preferably the sloping partition, located under the mesh,
and the mesh itself, are situated at an angle to a leveled bottom
of the container and wherein a chamber for storing the captured
insects, is marked out by the partition and the bottom of the
container and at the same time, the mesh is situated under the
outlet opening of the trap's catching part, and is not smaller than
the said outlet opening of the catching part.
[0024] Preferably the catching part is connected to the container
through a reducer forming a device for directing pests, water and
small debris towards the device for separating the captured pests
from water and small debris.
[0025] The device for separating the captured pests from water and
small debris can be a mesh placed in openings made in sloping walls
of the reducer.
[0026] Preferably the container for storing the caught pests is
partially filled by a solution of water, light and heavy alcohols,
detergent, and an attracting agent or by a solution of water,
ethylene glycol (20-100%), ethanol (10-50%), antitranspirant
(1-5%), and a functional form of a pheromone (3-20%).
[0027] Preferably the container for storing the caught pests is
made of transparent material and a side wall of the container is
provided with a scale allowing to define amount of caught pests
without taking them out and counting.
[0028] The reducer can match the outlet opening of the catching
part to a surface of a filtering mesh placed in the container for
storing the captured insects.
[0029] The catching part can be topped by a roof containing an
opening.
[0030] Preferably the mesh is made from a hydrophobic material.
[0031] Preferably the catching part has a device directing insects
towards the device for separating the captured insects from water
and small debris.
[0032] It is possible that the catching part has shape of a
container, opened at its top, narrowing towards its bottom and
provided with a lower part forming a directing device.
[0033] The space between the catching part and the roof can create
an entrance area facilitating easier entering the trap.
[0034] The catching part and the container for the caught pests can
be covered with a mesh sack, top edges of which are fastened
tightly with outer edges of the container.
[0035] An outer element of the catching part can have a shape of a
pyramid having an opening at its top.
[0036] Preferably below the opening of the pyramid an inner element
is placed, which forms a directing device, the outlet opening of
which is placed above the separating device.
[0037] Round the opening of the pyramid can be placed an elastic
flange sealing the outer element of the catching part to the inner
element of the catching part.
[0038] Preferably side walls of the pyramid have a shape of a
trapezoid and are set at an angle of between 25 to 35 degrees to
the ground level. Furthermore, the side walls of the pyramid can be
made of a dark material fastened to a rigid frame. The side walls
of the pyramid can end with an apron, which is partially buried in
the ground.
[0039] The catching part can be a container in a shape of a
truncated wedge finished at its bottom with a directing device.
[0040] Side walls of the container can be provided with mini
funnels, which narrow towards container's inside.
[0041] Preferably the mini funnels are shaped as truncated cones or
gutters connected with U-shaped clamps.
[0042] Outer walls of the container can be harmonica-shaped divided
into multiple symmetrical wedges connected by elastic links.
[0043] Preferably the catching part is formed from cuboids
connected together and situated creating a star-shape or is a
cuboid having walls with small openings or mini funnels on them and
larger entrance openings.
The device for separating the caught pests from water and small
debris can be an additional container with walls made of material
penetrable by the water and steam and not penetrable by the light.
The additional container can have an opening in its upper part,
which leads to a container, made of material penetrable by the
light, for storing the caught pests.
[0044] The present invention also relates to a method for catching
woodland, garden, and agricultural insect pests, using a trap
consisting of a catching part and a container for storing the
captured insects characterized in that the trap with a device
separating the captured pests from water and small debris, placed
on a path along which the caught pests move, is hung with a bottom
of the container for storing the caught insects being in horizontal
position. The outlet opening of the catching part can be directed
towards the device for separating the captured insects from water
and small debris using a directing device.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0045] The object of this invention is shown in implementation
examples in the enclosed drawings, in which:
[0046] FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of a segmented trap, with a
container for storing the caught insects;
[0047] FIG. 2 shows a funnel and post trap with a set of containers
for storing the caught insects;
[0048] FIG. 3 shows the container for storing the caught insects,
affording a view of its interior;
[0049] FIG. 4 shows a partial cross-section through a box-type
container for storing the caught insects;
[0050] FIG. 5 shows a cross-section of a connecting element,
culminating in a container for storing the caught insects;
[0051] FIG. 6 shows a cross-section of the connecting element, with
the funnel positioned downwards;
[0052] FIG. 7 shows a cross-section of the container for storing
the caught insects, including a reducer;
[0053] FIGS. 8, and 9 show a side drained container for storing the
caught insects;
[0054] FIGS. 10, and 11 show a container for storing the caught
insects, with an additional tank for storing the caught
insects;
[0055] FIGS. 12, and 13 show containers for storing the caught
insects, with side-mounted water drains;
[0056] FIG. 14 shows the first embodiment of a cross-shaped trap
having a container for the caught insects;
[0057] FIG. 15 shows the second embodiment of a cross-shaped trap
having a container for the caught insects;
[0058] FIG. 16 and FIG. 17 show a trap suited for catching insects
roving on the ground;
[0059] FIG. 18 shows a trunk trap;
[0060] FIG. 19 shows a cross-section of the trunk trap;
[0061] FIG. 20 presents a perspective view of a cross-perpendicular
trap type with mini funnels;
[0062] FIG. 21 shows a perspective view of a edge-perpendicular
trap type with immerse walls, which forms a pyramid;
[0063] FIG. 22 shows a funnel-type trap; and
[0064] FIG. 23 shows a trap with an additional separating
container.
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
[0065] The best mode for carrying out the invention will be
presented according to the accompanying set of drawings where first
the novel container of the trap and water drainage system will be
presented and second the novel catching part of the trap will be
disclosed.
[0066] A trap shown in FIG. 1 is basically made up of a catching
part 12 and a container 11 used for storing the caught insects,
including pests. The catching part 12 of the trap is made up of a
number (which varies depending on the solution) of funnel-shaped
segments 13. The catching part is surmounted by a cover 14, with a
handle 16. A bottom of the catching part ends in a device directing
the insects and water or a reducer 17 with an outlet opening. The
bottom of the container 11 has an opening 15. The edge of the
opening 15 is rolled, forming a funnel, covered on top with a mesh.
The surface of the reducer 17 outlet is smaller than the
mesh-covered inlet opening of the funnel. The insects, which enter
the trap, fall onto the mesh covering the funnel of the container
(not shown), and after sliding down its sides, fall into the
container 11. Water dripping onto the mesh, cleans it of small
debris and dust, and then flows outside through the opening 15. The
mesh is constructed of hydrophobic and antistatic material, which
holds the additional benefit of being bereft of lingering water and
dust particles.
[0067] FIG. 2 shows a funnel-post type trap, the catching part 22
which is made up of a post-shaped box 23, containing openings,
through which the insects enter inside of the trap. The box 23 is
surmounted by a roof 24, containing an opening 20, through which
the insects fall into the trap. The handle 26, is used as an
attachment point for hanging the trap (for instance, on a tree).
Such handles may also be located on the sidewalls of the trap. The
bottom part of the box 23, contains a runner 29, into which slides
a reducer 27, equipped with fasteners 28. To the bottom part of the
reducer 27, is fastened the detachable container 21, along with a
set of subcontainers 121, 221, which are connected by a three-way
element 122. The three-way element 122, contains an opening
25--situated below the outlet of the reducer 27--through which
water and small debris exit the trap. Above the opening 25--at the
level of the three-way element--a mesh, separating the water and
small debris from the captured insects is placed. There is a
similarly placed mesh (a finer one) over the subcontainer 121
(which constitutes a part of the container 21). A flattened reducer
27--the shape and size of which matches to the upper opening, and
which may have dimensions corresponding to those of the drawer in
the Theysohn trap--was set between the catching part and a
container holding an attracting-conserving liquid. The walls of the
reducer, or the sloping walls of the catching part (in the case of
a solution not including a reducer), are steep enough not to allow
the captured insects to climb out of the trap. The sloping walls of
the catching part, or the walls of the reducer 27, contain
mesh-covered drainage openings 125. The upper part of the reducer
comprises (similarly as the original drawer-shaped containers)
protruding strips that can be drawn back, tightly corresponding to
the dimensions of the trap, which allows the sliding of the
flattened reducer into the fastening grooves of the catching part.
The bottom of the reducer contains a threaded protrusion, onto
which the bottle-like container can be screwed.
[0068] FIG. 3 shows a container for storing the caught insects,
which is connected to reducer or the catching part 37 of the trap,
by the means of a threaded connection, the nut 39, which is
attached to the catching part 37 in such a way that it may be
twisted, and which is screwed onto the threaded neck 38 of the
container 31. The catching part 37, is let into the container 31
through the funnel-shaped outlet 30. The bottom of the container 31
has an opening 35, the rolled/folded up edges of which form a
funnel 135, which in turn is covered by a mesh cap or a screw-on
mesh 32, with a band 33, clasping the funnel 135. In the solution
shown in FIG. 3, the funnel 135 is truncated diagonally in relation
to the horizontal part of the container's bottom, so that the
insects 34, which have fallen into the container 31, slide down the
sloping mesh 32 and fall into a chamber, formed by the wall of the
funnel 135, the ring-shaped part of the container 31, and by its
side walls. The funnel should be truncated at the angle of between
a few, and 45 degrees. Such an angle of truncation facilitates the
insects and debris falling into the container, instead of lingering
on the mesh. In this way, one avoids the clogging of the mesh, and
the seeping of rainwater into the conserving liquid--which is a
solution of water, a light and heavy alcohol mixture, detergent,
and pheromone. Also the seeping of rainwater into the conserving
liquid is prevented by the construction of the catching part
outlet, the essence of which lies in that, as seen face on, the
area of the outlet 36 of the catching part 37 is at least equal to
that of the funnel 135 inlet opening, and is within the surface
size of that funnel 135 opening.
[0069] FIG. 4 shows a cross-section through the container for
storing the caught insects. This container is an obtuse-angled or a
parallelogram-shaped box 41, opened at the top, and made from
plastic or cardboard. It is partially filled with a conserving
liquid 40, together with an insect-attracting agent. The bottom of
the box 41 has a rectangular opening, the folded up edges of which
form a funnel 145. The funnel 145 is diagonally truncated at the
top, and its inlet is covered with a mesh 44 --situated at .alpha.
angle to the surface of the conserving liquid 40, and the bottom of
the container. The captured insects move down the angled mesh 44
and fall into the conserving liquid, which prevents the
decomposition of the dead insects. The conserving liquid can be a
solution of water, light and heavy alcohols, detergent, and an
attracting agent or a solution of water, ethylene glycol (20-100%),
ethanol (10-50%), antitranspirant (1-5%), and a functional form of
a pheromone (3-20%). The inlet of the funnel 145, is situated under
the opening of the trap's catching part 43. Seen face on, the area
of the funnel's inlet opening, is at least equal to that of the
outlet opening 143 of the reducer 42. From both top edges of the
container 41, fastening strips 48 protrude, which tightly fit to
the runner grooves 49, in such a way as to allow the container 41
to be slid in, or hanged below the trap's catching part. The
reducer 42 serves to fit the size of the catching part outlet, to
that of the funnel 145 inlet. It may be an integral part of the
trap's catching part, or be inserted into the container 41. The
lower part of the reducer 42, contains an opening 143, through
which rainwater is directed over the surface of the funnel mesh.
The reducer outlet is shaped in such a way, which does not allow
the escape of captured insects. It also prevents larger
insects--especially scavengers--from entering the container.
[0070] FIGS. 5, and 6 show elements used to connect the catching
part of the trap with the container for storing the captured
insects. The connecting element 52, has a shape of a bent tube. Its
lower end has an interior thread allowing attaching the connecting
element 52 to the container 51. The connecting element contains a
tube insert 53, made up of a mesh 54. The insert may be secured, in
the connecting element, in such a way as to allow twisting. In the
tube insert 53--located along the path of the insects movement from
the catching part to the container 51--the water is drained and the
insects fall into the container 51 for storing the captured
insects. The thread 55, allows for attaching the connecting element
to the catching part of the trap.
[0071] The connecting element 62, in turn, has an opening 65,
covered with a mesh 66. The edges of the opening 65 are rolled
down, forming a funnel 61. The upper part of the connecting element
62 culminates in a protrusion 64. The bottom part of the connecting
element 62 has an interior thread 63 for attaching the container,
which store the captured insects.
[0072] FIG. 7 shows a cross-section of the container 71 for storing
the captured insects. It is cylindrical in shape, with its open top
end being threaded, and the closed bottom containing an opening,
the edge of which forms a funnel 76. The funnel 76 is surmounted by
a conical or convex mesh 75. Over the inlet of the funnel, the
opening 74 of the reducer 73 is located, through which the captured
insects fall into the container 71, the inside wall of which is
covered with an attracting and toxic substance 70. After sliding
down the mesh 75, the insects gather in the chamber 72, formed by
the wall of the funnel 76, the ring-shaped container bottom, and
the side wall of the container 71. The inside wall of the container
71 is partially covered with a toxic and attracting substance. An
intermediate element 77, with a threaded protrusion 78 of the
catching part, is screwed onto the container 71. The purpose of the
intermediate element 77, is to position the reducer 73, that allows
for matching the outlet opening of the trap's catching part to the
inlet of the funnel 76.
[0073] FIG. 8 shows a container 81, with a section of its side wall
cut out in order to show the shape of its funnel. The container 81
for storing captured insects contains a side-mounted water drain,
the outlet 85 of which is set in the bottom wall of the container.
The container is a drawer with an opened box-shaped top part made
of plastic or cardbox. In another embodiment, the outlet 86 is
situated vertically. The insects, falling in from the catching part
(not shown), land on the mesh 82 situated on the path along which
the insects move, along with water and debris. The water and small
debris pass through the mesh and fall into the funnel 84, the
bottom of which slopes from the center of the container to the side
wall of the container. The water, along with small debris, flows
out of the outlet 85. After landing on the mesh 82, the insects
slide down and are gathered in the catching chamber formed by the
side walls of the container 81, and the side walls of the funnel
84. The container 81 is equipped with protruding clasps 83, by
means of which the container 81 is attached to the catching part of
the trap.
[0074] FIG. 9 shows the container 91, with a section of the side
wall cut out in order to show a device for separating water and
small debris from the captured insects. This device is made up of a
mesh 92, covering an opening in the folded wall 94 of a chamber
with a side-mounted water drain 95. The insects, falling in from
the catching part (not shown), land on the mesh 92 situated on the
path along which the insects move with water 97 and debris. The
water 97 and small debris pass through the mesh and fall into the
chamber with a side-mounted water drain 95. After landing on the
mesh 92, the insects 98 slide down and are gathered in the chamber
formed by the folded wall 94, and the side walls of the container
91. The container 91 is equipped with protruding clasps 93, by
means of which the container 91 is attached to the catching part of
the trap.
[0075] FIGS. 10 and 11 show a container for storing the captured
insects, with an additional container for storing the captured
insects. A device directing the insects and water or a reducer 102,
shown in FIG. 10, directs water and insects over the mesh 104 in
the container 101, located on the sloping wall 103. The insects are
separated out on the mesh 104. They next fall through the opening
106 into the additional container 107 for storing the captured
insects. The water drains out of the openings 105, located in the
bottom of the container 101. The container 111, shown in FIG. 11,
is located beneath a device directing the insects and water or a
reducer 112. It also contains a sloping wall 113, equipped with
mesh 114. The two embodiments differ only in that the additional
container 117 (detachable) for storing the captured insects, namely
the container shown in FIG. 11, is attached to the bottom of the
container, and not to the side wall, as is the case shown in FIG.
10. The insects, after being separated out over the mesh 114, fall
through the opening 116 into the additional container 117, which
may be filled with a solution containing an attracting substance.
The water, which seeped through the mesh, flows out through
openings 115.
[0076] FIG. 12 shows the container 201 for storing the captured
insects, together with a device separating the insects from water
and small debris. The device has a shape of a funnel 203,
surmounted by a mesh 202. The bottom outlet of the funnel 203, is
set within a double elbow 206 with branching tubes 205, the ends of
which are set within openings in the side wall of the container
201. The inlet opening of the funnel 203, is situated under the
outlet of the trap's catching part (not shown), and is at least
equal in area to the surface area of the outlet of the trap's
catching part. Rainwater, flowing down from the trap's catching
part, seeps through the mesh 202 of the funnel 203. Then it flows
out the funnel outlet--which is set within the top opening of the
double elbow 206--through the branching tubes 205, and drains out
of the container 201. The captured insects fall into a chamber,
formed by the bottom and the side wall of the container 201. If
need should arise, the double elbow may be substituted with a
coupling of three or more outlets, each with its own branching tube
leading to the exterior of the container. The top part of the
container is threaded 207, which allows for connecting the
container 201 with a cover 209, which, in turn, comes equipped with
interior threading 208. The cover 209, has a threaded protrusion
210, which allows for connecting the container for storing the
captured insects to a reducer, or to the catching part of the
trap.
[0077] FIG. 13 shows a container 301 for storing the captured
insects 308, the cover 306 of which culminates in a threaded
protrusion 307, used to attach it to the catching part of the trap.
The opening in the cover is not centered, but located directly over
an opening covered with a mesh 302, below which is placed a sloping
wall, which protrudes out of the container through an opening in
the side wall of it. In another embodiment, below the opening
covered with the mesh 302, may be located a funnel, the outlet of
which is set within the side wall of the container. The mesh 302,
as well as the sloping wall or the bottom of the funnel 303, are
situated at an angle to the horizontal bottom of the container 301.
The area of the inlet of the funnel 303, covered with mesh 302,
fits into the size of the outlet of the catching part (not shown),
and is located entirely beneath it. In this way, water from
precipitation flowing out of the outlet of the trap's catching
part, seeps through the mesh onto the bottom of the funnel, and
then flows out of the container through the funnel outlet. The
cover 306 connects with the cylindrical part of the container, by
the means of the interior threading 305 of the cover, and the
exterior threading 304 of the cylindrical part of the
container.
[0078] The trap shown in FIG. 14 consists of a catching part 417,
and a container 415, joined together with a joining element 414.
The catching part 417 is made up of a cone-shaped casing 413,
oriented tapered end down, and a cross-shaped construction 419. The
cone-shaped casing 413 ends with the device that helps to keep the
container 415 in the vertical position and also helps in directing
the insects, water and small debris towards the middle of the
device 408 separating the captured insects from water and small
debris, which in this solution functions also as a ventilating
funnel, which facilitates the diffusions of the pheromones. In the
presented embodiment the directing device has a shape of a funnel.
Its lower opening is situated above the separating device 408
thanks to a flexible connection between the funnel of catching part
and the separating device. The flexible connection forms is formed
by a soft and closed joint 407. The cone-shaped casing 413 is
attached to the trap's roof 410, using fasteners 412. These
fasteners 412 are most often made of wire. The diameter of the roof
410 is slightly larger than a diameter of the cone-shaped casing. A
hook 409 attached to the roof 410 is used to hang the trap on a
branch. The cone-shaped casing contains inside a cross-shaped
construction 419, protruding over the cone-shaped casing 413. The
outside edges of the cross-shaped construction 419 adjoin the inner
walls of the cone-shaped casing 413 and the roof 410. It is
advisable, that the inner walls of the cone-shaped casing 413, and
also the walls of the cross-shaped construction has a tucking or
roofing tile structure 406. Between the roof 410 and the
cone-shaped casing 413, is an inlet space or an entrance area 411,
facilitating the passage of insects. The aforementioned space
between the cone-shaped catching part 413 and the roof 410, amounts
from one to three centimeters. In the bottom part of the flexible
connection 407 or a susceptible element there is a threaded funnel,
used as a connector with cover of the container 415 for storing the
caught insects. The bottom of the container 415 for storing the
caught insects is situated in horizontal position.
[0079] The trap shown in FIG. 15 is a further embodiment of the
trap presented in FIG. 14. It consists of a catching part 527, a
container 525 for storing the caught insects, a joining element
524, a funnel 528, a device 528 directing the insects and water, a
roof 520 connected with a cone-shaped catching part 523 by
fasteners 522 made of wire, a catching part 527, a mesh sack 526
and a cross-shaped construction 521. The caching part 527 ends with
the device 528 directing the insect and water, which is a flexible
pipe or a susceptible element, for instance a follicle-shaped
element. In this embodiment, the catching part 527, the device 528
directing the insects and water, and a container 525 for storing
the caught insects are situated in the mesh sack 526. The outer
edges of the sack 526 adjoin the outside edges of the cone-shaped
casing 523. The bottom of the sack 526 finishes in a lock 529, such
as a zipper. It provides easy access to the catching container 525
useful for checking an amount of the caught insects. The large
outside surface of the sack 526 facilitates the passage of
attracted insects towards the trap's inlet opening. It is
advisable, like in the previous trap, that the inner walls of the
cone-shaped casing 523, and also the walls of the cross-shaped
construction 521, can have tucking or roofing tile structure.
Another advantage is that the roof 520 is two-story, and the
diameter of the opening, that is situated under an additional
roofing 530, should amount from 1/4 to 1/3 the diameter of the
roof.
[0080] FIGS. 16 and 17 present a trap for catching insects crawling
on the surface of the ground. It is particularly adept for catching
weevils. FIG. 16 shows a perspective view of the trap. FIG. 17
shows a fragment of the trap top in cross-section. This trap
consists of a rising catching part or an outer element 658 and the
sloping catching part, which consist of a large funnel 645 and a
small funnel 632, to which the container 644 for storing the caught
insects is attached by a directing device 636. Four trapezoidal
walls 638--preferably made of dark cloth--are the main elements of
the rising catching part. Lower edges 643 of the trapezoidal walls
638 are set on a rigid square frame 639. Their upper edges are
attached to the external edges of the large funnel 645, which is
suspended by a wire fastener 637 attached to a load-bearing brace
641. The trapezoidal walls 638, making up the sides of the trap,
are set at 20-25 degrees to the ground surface, making up a
truncated pyramid. The surfaces of the trapezoidal walls 638, below
the rigid square frame 639 form an apron 640, which is partially
buried in the ground 643. The apron 640 protects the trap from
swilling out the ground by the water. Vertical directing lists 642
are placed along the seams between the said edges of the walls. At
the center of the bottom of the container 644 is located a drainage
device 635--the top of which is covered with a mesh 634 or a
separating device--which is placed directly below the outlet
opening of the funnel 636 forming the directing device. Such form
of the bottom of the catching container 644 allows for better
ventilation of the trap and for better pheromone turbulence. It
also facilitates the drainage of rainwater outside of the catching
part, and allows for the use of the attracting-conserving liquid,
utilized to store the captured insects. The synthetic attracting
agent, in currently accessible form, can be placed under the cover
of the catching container or in the funnel of the separating
device, underneath the mesh. Above the opening there is a roof 631,
which will additionally overshadow the container 644 for storing
the caught insects, with conserving liquid and an attracting agent
and it will also protect the trap from the dirt, in case of traps
set under the forest stand.
[0081] One of the known insects is horse chestnut leaf miner
(Cameraria ohridella). It occurs almost in the whole Europe and it
damages very seriously the leaves of horse-chestnut every year.
There aren't any natural enemies to fight with this insect. The
great expansion of it, also in our country, is connected with it's
still growing population, from one to three or even to four
generations per year. Its artificial sex-pheromone, called
CAMERIAWIT, is used usually with the glue type traps, seldom with
the funnel type, like VARIOTRAP. One of the substantial
disadvantages of such traps is--in case of the glue traps--quick
filling and neutralizing of the catching surface, caused by in
masses bumping butterflies, whereas in case of VARIATRAP--the main
disadvantage is its structure, which is adapted to catch only large
butterflies, not the small ones. Moreover, both types of the traps
are put out in upper branches of a tree.
[0082] The most effective means of catching the male horse chestnut
leaf miner (Cameraria ohridella) using an artificial pheromone, may
be achieved with the aid of an adhesive-free mini-funnel trap,
located at the bottom section of the tree trunk. This trap, named
the trunk trap, was presented as a perspective view in FIG. 18, and
in cross-section in FIG. 19.
[0083] This trap is made up of a catching part 753, and a catching
container 751 for storing the caught insects, equipped with a
drainage device 752, separating the captured insects from water and
small debris. The novel feature, specific to this trap, lies in the
use of mini-funnels 755 in the catching part, thus increasing its
catching surface.
[0084] The catching part 753 is a container having a shape of a
truncated wedge, or a truncated pyramid, the upper part of which
may hug the trunk of the horse chestnut, or some other tree or some
directing collar 757. The side walls of the pyramid slope at an
angle from 35 to 65 degrees to the pyramid's axis of symmetry. The
wall facing the tree trunk, and the main catching wall, have the
shape of a trapezoid, the upper base of which may be slightly
longer than the circumference of the tree trunk or the stake to
which the trap is secured. These walls may also take the shape of
ring segments. In order to assure better fit of the trap walls to
horse chestnut tree trunks of various circumferences, the catching
part may--at least in part--be structures like an accordion. Convex
triangular surfaces, and the individual ring sections are
permanently connected using accordion hinges 758. The sides of the
clod of the catching part are fastened by two walls, shaped as
oblong rectangles, that are simultaneously the external sides of
the external wedges, that are the part of the clod, which is a part
of a catching part, to which the collar 757, directing the insects,
is adjoined. The upper wall 759 contains mini-funnels, in the form
of tapering hollows ending in openings, through which the insects
may enter the catching part interior. It is important that the
surface of the base of the mini-funnel lay in the surface of the
main wall of catching part, and the edges of the mini-funnels
doesn't protrude above it. The mini-funnels should be located as
near as it's possible to the shorter, inner edge of the upper wall,
preferably when they encircle in 1/4 or 1/3 width of the inner main
wall. Then the mini-funnels fit close to the trunk, and they will
be the best bridge between the trunk and the interior of the trap.
The mini-funnels 755 can also be situated, spaced out every 10-12
mm, on the external triangular wall of each wedge that form the
catching part.
[0085] A variation on this solution may include, instead of
individual mini-funnels 755, a funnel-gutter with the spacing of
walls at the top equal to the diameter of the mini-funnel's inlet
opening, and at the bottom to the diameter of the mini-funnel's
outlet opening. The depth of the gutter should be approximate to
the depth of the mini-funnel 755. The gutter, or the mini-funnels
755, should be oriented with the narrower opening facing down
towards the interior of the container of the catching part 753.
[0086] Most of the inlet openings of neighboring mini-funnels 755
are connected with rectangular clamps 756. They are preferably made
of 1 mm thick wire, with side arms about 2 mm longer than the depth
of the mini-funnels 755. Due to the fact that these pest
butterflies like to walk along the edges of objects, these buckles
are meant to intercept the insects roving on the surface of the
trap, and direct them to its interior. Similar clamps also connect
the external edge of the ring section with mini-funnels 755
situated on its surface. They are also meant to "intercept" insects
moving along its upper surface, which is the surface located
closest to the bark surface, and in that the most catch able
surface of the trap. It's inside edge should be as flush with the
tree trunk as possible, thus for older trees, with thick bark, it
is advisable to level the trunk at the spot the trap edge to come
into better contact with. With regard to relation between the
behavior of the insect connected with direction of blowing wind,
the catching part 753 may encircle only the part of a trunk.
Because of the practical reasons, in case of the horse-chestnuts
with large circuits, it is advisable for the two outermost
mini-funnels in the base of the trap come into contact with the
peaked lower ends of collars, situated at an angle in relation to
vertical axis of the tree trunk.
[0087] It is advisable, that the inner side of the inner main wall,
and also inner sides of the directing device walls, have the
folding or tiling structure.
[0088] FIG. 20 presents an insect trap, consisting of a catching
part 763, made up of cuboids connected by one of their walls, and
radiating from the center of the trap. The trap consists of two
crossing, in its middle part, cuboids, which bottom walls are
slopping to the middle of the trap--at about 40-45 degrees. On the
side walls of the cuboids there are mini-funnels 764, which outlets
are situated in the interior of the catching part. The cuboids,
forming the catching part, devolve into a device 768 directing the
insects onto an element separating them from water and small
debris. The catching part is connected with the catching container
766 through a connective element 769.
[0089] To achieve better results, it is advisable, that the
external edges of the cuboids, at least partially, are connected
with the most neighboring mini-funnels, using directing buckles,
likewise in case of the trunk trap. This kind of buckles should
also join the nearest mini-funnels, by arranging the buckles in
fir's shape.
[0090] FIG. 21 presents an insect trap made up of a catching part
775--with a shape reminiscent of a parallelepiped, with walls
containing mini-funnels 774, directing device 773, joining element
778 and a container 771 for storing the caught insects, that is
equipped with a drainage device 779. In one variation of the
catching part, its side walls form hollows in the shape of a
truncated pyramid, with the inlet opening in the center. The
catching part has on its bottom a directing element 773, the lower
end of which is located over the trap's separating device, and the
upper end connects to the parallelepiped element. The inner walls
of the trap may be covered with folding or tiling structure.
[0091] The trap shown in FIG. 22 consists of a catching part 894, a
catching container 897 for storing the caught insects, a connective
element 896, and a funnel 895 directing the insects onto a
separating-draining device 898, which is integral to the catching
container 897. In the bottom part of the device directing the
insects, there is a container 899, designed for larger dirt, which
gather in it, that's why they don't clog the small openings of the
drainage device 898. The container 899, designed for larger dirt,
is situated above the drainage device 898, which separates the
insects from water and small debris.
[0092] In yet further embodiment shown in FIG. 23, the drainage
device is an additional container 901, that has the shape of
inversed and closed cone or pyramid, or a clod with the walls made
of dark material, penetrable by the water and steam and not
penetrable by the light. The additional container 901 is joined
with the catching part 904, which is equipped with a directing
device 905. All the dirt, insects, as well as water may fall into
the additional container. In the upper part of the container there
is an opening 903, which leads to the container 903 for storing the
caught insects. The walls of the container 903 for storing the
caught insects and the walls of connective tube 902, are
transparent, thanks to this, the insects which fell down, through
the upper opening, to the interior of a dark additional container
901, direct along the slopping walls to the brighter part of the
separating device. This is caused by the phototropic effect. From
that part of the container, they are penetrating through the
opening 906 and connector or connective tube 902, to the container
903 for storing the caught insects, which is filled with the
conserving liquid.
[0093] The presented solutions show a perfected method for draining
precipitation water--which enters the interior of a trap--through
redesigning the container for storing the captured insects.
Protecting the container from periodical flooding by precipitation
water, allows changing the method of storing the captured insects
by introducing an attracting-conserving liquid. The drainage system
applied in drawer-type containers, has the form of an oblong double
wall, with an empty space between these walls. The upper parts of
these walls are folded outwards. In order to assure the proper
slope of the mesh, one of the oblong walls is higher than the
other. The mesh stretched over the top parts of the walls, is thus
situated at an angle to the bottom of the container. The insects
falling into the container through the oblong narrowing in the
bottom of the catching part, bounce off the diagonally placed mesh,
and fall into the attracting-conserving liquid filling the
container. They may remain there for up to a few months, without
the need to remove them. Proper drainage of the container prevents
the diluting of the applied liquid. The constancy of its
composition, as well as the presence of detergent, causes the
insects to quickly sink. They are thus unable to release
pheromones, or emit warning signals. The insects in the liquid do
not decay, and thus do not attract scavenging insects. In order to
prevent the liquid from spilling from a flat drawer, it may be
triangular in cross-section. It may also contain barriers, located
at preset intervals. These improvements assure that water entering
the trap during rainfall does not enter into the container storing
the captured insects, where it would dilute the liquid.
[0094] With methods currently in use during the insect season
(about 5 months), the traps need to be serviced some dozen or more
times in a single season. The greatest benefit of using the
presented method during catch-off, is that there is no need to
empty the traps during the season, which facilitates observation,
as well as reduces the work load and expenses involved in servicing
the traps. Furthermore the quick sinking of the captured insects,
and the stalling of decay, causes that the insects approaching the
traps are not frightened off, which improves the effectiveness of
the catch-off.
[0095] Uniform conservation does away with the need to count each
batch of captured insects individually. The scale incorporated into
the wall of the container allows determining the number of pests
fairly accurately--during, and at the end of the observation
season--without the need of removing and laboriously counting the
captured woodworms.
[0096] Considerable savings in time and expenses involved, allow
for increasing the number of traps set in the field, even in remote
or hard to get locations, which is currently unfeasible. This
should serve to improve sanitation, and decrease the damage caused
by the insects.
[0097] The method for catching insects using traps according to the
present invention is in itself not complicated. The traps are set
up prior to the expected start of the insect season. The insects
enter the trap, next fall through the narrowing of the reducer onto
a mesh, from where they slide into the container filled with the
attracting-conserving liquid.
[0098] The trap, which is the subject of the present invention, may
be utilized in forestry, orchardy, and wherever pheromone, or other
insect traps are used. Thanks to the application of the
attracting-conserving liquid, the effect of frightening off
(through anti-pheromones, scent of decay, striudulative sounds) of
approaching insects is done away with, which serves to improve the
catch-off. The greatest benefit is the lack of need for frequent
control and servicing related with emptying the containers.
* * * * *