U.S. patent application number 12/667876 was filed with the patent office on 2010-06-03 for high strength galvanized steel sheet and method for producing the same.
This patent application is currently assigned to JFE STEEL CORPORATION. Invention is credited to Takeshi Fujita, Hideyuki Kimura, Kaneharu Okuda, Yoshihiko Ono, Michitaka Sakurai.
Application Number | 20100132850 12/667876 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 40228715 |
Filed Date | 2010-06-03 |
United States Patent
Application |
20100132850 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Ono; Yoshihiko ; et
al. |
June 3, 2010 |
HIGH STRENGTH GALVANIZED STEEL SHEET AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING THE
SAME
Abstract
A high-strength hot-dip galvanized steel sheet that even on the
premise of ordinary CGL heat cycle, has a low yield stress and
excels in resistance to natural aging and baking hardenability
without reliance on the use of expensive Mo; and a process for
producing the same. The constituent composition thereof comprises
0.01 to less than 0.08% C, 0.2% or less Si, more than 1.0 to 1.8%
Mn, 0.10% or less P, 0.03% or less S, 0.1% or less Al, 0.008% or
less N and more than 0.5% Cr so that the relationship
1.95.ltoreq.Mn(mass %)+1.3Cr(mass %).ltoreq.2.8 is satisfied and
comprising the balance iron and unavoidable impurities. The
structure thereof has a ferrite phase and a martensite phase of 2
to 15% area ratio, and the cumulative area ratio of pearlite phase
and/or bainite phase is 1.0% or less. In the production of this
hot-dip galvanized steel sheet, the temperature and cooling rate
are controlled during the annealing/plating operation subsequent to
cold rolling.
Inventors: |
Ono; Yoshihiko; (Tokyo,
JP) ; Kimura; Hideyuki; (Tokyo, JP) ; Okuda;
Kaneharu; (Tokyo, JP) ; Fujita; Takeshi;
(Tokyo, JP) ; Sakurai; Michitaka; (Tokyo,
JP) |
Correspondence
Address: |
IP GROUP OF DLA PIPER LLP (US)
ONE LIBERTY PLACE, 1650 MARKET ST, SUITE 4900
PHILADELPHIA
PA
19103
US
|
Assignee: |
JFE STEEL CORPORATION
Tokyo
JP
|
Family ID: |
40228715 |
Appl. No.: |
12/667876 |
Filed: |
July 10, 2008 |
PCT Filed: |
July 10, 2008 |
PCT NO: |
PCT/JP2008/062878 |
371 Date: |
January 6, 2010 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
148/533 ;
148/330; 148/333; 148/334 |
Current CPC
Class: |
C22C 38/24 20130101;
C22C 38/32 20130101; C22C 38/26 20130101; C21D 2211/005 20130101;
C22C 38/001 20130101; C21D 9/48 20130101; C21D 2211/009 20130101;
C22C 38/04 20130101; C23C 2/28 20130101; C23C 2/06 20130101; C22C
38/02 20130101; C21D 8/0473 20130101; C21D 2211/002 20130101; C21D
2211/008 20130101; C22C 38/22 20130101; C23C 2/02 20130101; C22C
38/38 20130101; B32B 15/013 20130101; C22C 38/06 20130101; C22C
38/28 20130101; C22C 38/18 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
148/533 ;
148/333; 148/330; 148/334 |
International
Class: |
C23C 2/02 20060101
C23C002/02; C22C 38/26 20060101 C22C038/26; C22C 38/00 20060101
C22C038/00; C22C 38/22 20060101 C22C038/22; C21D 1/26 20060101
C21D001/26; C21D 8/02 20060101 C21D008/02; C22C 38/32 20060101
C22C038/32 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Jul 11, 2007 |
JP |
2007-181946 |
Claims
1. A high strength galvanized steel sheet having a composition
which contains, on a mass percent basis, 0.01% to less than 0.08%
of C, 0.2% or less of Si, more than 1.0% to 1.8% of Mn, 0.10% or
less of P, 0.03% or less of S, 0.1% or less of Al, 0.008% or less
of N, more than 0.5% of Cr, and the balance being iron and
inevitable impurities, wherein 1.95.ltoreq.Mn (mass percent)+1.3Cr
(mass percent).ltoreq.2.8 and the microstructure includes a ferrite
phase and 2% to 15% of martensite on an area ratio basis, and the
total area ratio of perlite and/or bainite is 1.0% or less.
2. The high strength galvanized steel sheet according to claim 1,
wherein, on a mass percent basis, the Cr content is more than
0.65%, and the Mn content is more than 1.0% to 1.6%.
3. The high strength galvanized steel sheet according to claim 1,
wherein the composition further contains, on a mass percent basis,
0.01% or less of B.
4. The high strength galvanized steel sheet according to claim 1,
wherein the composition further comprises, on a mass percent basis,
at least one selected from 0.15% or less of Mo, 0.5% or less of V,
0.1% or less of Ti, and 0.1% or less of Nb.
5. A method for manufacturing a high strength galvanized steel
sheet, comprising: performing hot rolling and cold rolling of a
steel slab having the composition according to claim 1; performing
annealing at an annealing temperature of more than 750.degree. C.
to less than 820.degree. C.; performing cooling at an average
cooling rate of 3 to 15.degree. C./s in a temperature range from
the annealing temperature to a temperature at which dipping into a
galvanizing bath is performed; performing galvanizing; and
performing cooling at an average cooling rate of 5.degree. C./s or
more.
6. The method according to claim 5, further comprising, after
performing galvanizing, performing an alloying treatment of a
galvanizing layer.
7. The high strength galvanized steel sheet according to claim 2,
wherein the composition further contains, on a mass percent basis,
0.01% or less of B.
8. The high strength galvanized steel sheet according to claim 2,
wherein the composition further comprises, on a mass percent basis,
at least one selected from 0.15% or less of Mo, 0.5% or less of V,
0.1% or less of Ti, and 0.1% or less of Nb.
9. The high strength galvanized steel sheet according to claim 3,
wherein the composition further comprises, on a mass percent basis,
at least one selected from 0.15% or less of Mo, 0.5% or less of V,
0.1% or less of Ti, and 0.1% or less of Nb.
10. The high strength galvanized steel sheet according to claim 7,
wherein the composition further comprises, on a mass percent basis,
at least one selected from 0.15% or less of Mo, 0.5% or less of V,
0.1% or less of Ti, and 0.1% or less of Nb.
11. A method for manufacturing a high strength galvanized steel
sheet, comprising: performing hot rolling and cold rolling of a
steel slab having the composition according to claim 2; performing
annealing at an annealing temperature of more than 750.degree. C.
to less than 820.degree. C.; performing cooling at an average
cooling rate of 3 to 15.degree. C./s in a temperature range from
the annealing temperature to a temperature at which dipping into a
galvanizing bath is performed; performing galvanizing; and
performing cooling at an average cooling rate of 5.degree. C./s or
more.
12. A method for manufacturing a high strength galvanized steel
sheet, comprising: performing hot rolling and cold rolling of a
steel slab having the composition according to claim 3; performing
annealing at an annealing temperature of more than 750.degree. C.
to less than 820.degree. C.; performing cooling at an average
cooling rate of 3 to 15.degree. C./s in a temperature range from
the annealing temperature to a temperature at which dipping into a
galvanizing bath is performed; performing galvanizing; and
performing cooling at an average cooling rate of 5.degree. C./s or
more.
13. A method for manufacturing a high strength galvanized steel
sheet, comprising: performing hot rolling and cold rolling of a
steel slab having the composition according to claim 4; performing
annealing at an annealing temperature of more than 750.degree. C.
to less than 820.degree. C.; performing cooling at an average
cooling rate of 3 to 15.degree. C./s in a temperature range from
the annealing temperature to a temperature at which dipping into a
galvanizing bath is performed; performing galvanizing; and
performing cooling at an average cooling rate of 5.degree. C./s or
more.
14. A method for manufacturing a high strength galvanized steel
sheet, comprising: performing hot rolling and cold rolling of a
steel slab having the composition according to claim 7; performing
annealing at an annealing temperature of more than 750.degree. C.
to less than 820.degree. C.; performing cooling at an average
cooling rate of 3 to 15.degree. C./s in a temperature range from
the annealing temperature to a temperature at which dipping into a
galvanizing bath is performed; performing galvanizing; and
performing cooling at an average cooling rate of 5.degree. C./s or
more.
15. A method for manufacturing a high strength galvanized steel
sheet, comprising: performing hot rolling and cold rolling of a
steel slab having the composition according to claim 10; performing
annealing at an annealing temperature of more than 750.degree. C.
to less than 820.degree. C.; performing cooling at an average
cooling rate of 3 to 15.degree. C./s in a temperature range from
the annealing temperature to a temperature at which dipping into a
galvanizing bath is performed; performing galvanizing; and
performing cooling at an average cooling rate of 5.degree. C./s or
more.
Description
RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This is a .sctn.371 of International Application No.
PCT/JP2008/062878, with an international filing date of Jul. 10,
2008 (WO 2009/008553 A1, published Jan. 15, 2009), which is based
on Japanese Patent Application Nos. 2007-181946, filed Jul. 11,
2007, and 2008-177466, filed Jul. 8, 2008, the subject matter of
which is incorporated by reference.
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0002] This disclosure relates to a galvanized steel sheet which is
suitably used, for example, in an automobile and a home electric
appliance field and which has a low yield stress and superior
anti-aging property and bake hardenability and to a method for
producing the galvanized steel sheet.
BACKGROUND
[0003] In recent years, reduction in thickness of a steel sheet to
improve fuel consumption by lightening an automobile body and
increase in strength of a steel sheet to improve safety have been
pursued. However, the increase in strength of a steel sheet
generally causes deterioration of press-formability, i.e.,
wrinkles, which are called surface distortions, on the order of
approximately several tens of micrometers are generated, so that
degradation in the appearance of body shape disadvantageously
occurs.
[0004] To solve the above problem, a steel sheet (BH steel sheet)
which has low strength in press forming to be easily pressed and
which exhibits high bake hardenability in a paint baking step
performed after press formation has been developed. This steel
sheet is obtained by controlling a dissolved C amount by addition
of Ti and Nb to ultralow-carbon steel used as a base material, has
superior surface distortion resistance since a yield stress
(hereinafter referred to as "YP" in some cases) is low, such as
approximately 240 MPa at a strength level of 340 MPa, and ensures
dent resistance by increasing a yield stress (YP') after press
forming and paint baking to approximately 300 MPa.
[0005] However, in view of the weight reduction, a steel sheet
having a thickness smaller than that of a current 340BH steel sheet
having a thickness of 0.65 to 0.80 mm has been desired and, for
example, to reduce the thickness by 0.05 mm, the yield stress (YP')
after press formation and paint baking must be increased to
approximately 350 MPa or more. In addition, to ensure a high YP'
while a low YP is maintained, a steel sheet is required which has
high paint bake hardenability (hereinafter referred to as "BH" in
some cases) and work hardenability (hereinafter referred to as "WH"
in some cases).
[0006] From the situation as described above, for example, in
Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 6-122940, a
method for obtaining a steel sheet which has a low yield stress
besides high WH and BH properties and which further has superior
anti-aging property has been disclosed in which annealing and
cooling conditions of steel containing 0.005% to 0.0070% of C,
0.01% to 4.0% of Mn, and 0.01% to 3.0% of Cr are appropriately
controlled, and in which the microstructure obtained by annealing
is made to be a single phase transformed in low temperature.
[0007] In addition, in Japanese Unexamined Patent Application
Publication No. 2005-281867, a method for obtaining a steel sheet
having superior anti-aging property, shape fixability, and dent
resistance besides high WH and BH properties and a low yield stress
of 300 MPa or less has been disclosed. In that method, the steel
sheet is formed by appropriately controlling annealing and cooling
conditions of steel containing 0.04% or less of C, 0.5% to 3.0% of
Mn, and 0.01% to 1.0% of Mo so that after annealing, a composite
microstructure is obtained which includes 0.5% to less than 10% of
retained austenite on a volume fraction basis and the balance being
ferrite and a hard phase composed of bainite and/or martensite.
[0008] In Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No.
2006-233249, a method for obtaining a steel sheet having high
strength and high bake hardenability (BH) has been disclosed, which
is obtained by appropriately controlling cooling conditions after
annealing for steel containing 0.01% to less than 0.040% of C, 0.3%
to 1.6% of Mn, 0.5% or less of Cr, 0.5% or less of Mo, and 1.3% to
2.1% of Mn+1.29 Cr+3.29 Mo so that the microstructure after
annealing includes, on a volume fraction basis, 70% or more of
ferrite and 1% to 15% of martensite.
[0009] In Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No.
2006-52465, a method for obtaining a steel sheet having superior
bake hardenability, anti-aging property, and press-formability has
been disclosed, which is obtained by the steps of, after steel
containing 0.0025% to less than 0.04% of C, 0.5% to 2.5% of Mn, and
0.05% to 2.0% of Cr is annealed at a temperature between the Ac1
transformation point and less than the Ac3 transformation point,
performing cooling at a cooling rate of 15 to 200.degree. C./s in
the temperature range of 650 to 450.degree. C., and further
performing cooling at a cooling rate of less than 10.degree. C./s
in the temperature range defined by the amounts of C, Mn, and
Cr.
[0010] However, the above conventional techniques have the
following problems.
[0011] For example, in the technique disclosed in Japanese
Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 6-122940, as the
evaluation of the anti-aging property, the restoration amount of
yield point elongation (hereinafter referred to as "YPEl" in some
cases) after an artificial aging treatment at 100.degree. C. for 1
hour was used. However, when an equivalent aging time at 30.degree.
C. is calculated using Hundy's equation shown by equation (1)
(disclosed by Hundy, B. B "Accelerated Strain Ageing of Mild
Steel", J. Iron & Steel Inst., 178, pp. 34 to 38, (1954)), it
is approximately 18 days at 30.degree. C., and the technique
described above cannot be always said to be superior in terms of
anti-aging property. In addition, to obtain a single phase
microstructure transformed in low temperature, for example,
annealing was performed at an extremely high temperature region of
860 to 980.degree. C. However, in that case, troubles, such as
sheet breakage, may occur in some cases. Accordingly, development
is required to form a steel sheet having superior anti-aging
property without performing high temperature annealing.
Log.sub.10(t.sub.r/t)=4,400(1/T.sub.r-1/T)-log.sub.10(T/T.sub.r)
(1) [0012] T: Acceleration aging temperature (K) [0013] T.sub.r:
Temperature (K) to be evaluated [0014] t: Aging time (Hr) at
acceleration aging temperature T [0015] t.sub.r: Equivalent aging
hour (Hr) converted at temperature T.sub.r (K) to be evaluated
[0016] According to the technique described in Japanese Unexamined
Patent Application Publication No. 2005-281867, to enhance work
hardenability (WH), 0.01% to 1.0% and preferably 0.1% to 0.6% of Mo
is contained, and as a microstructure, retained austenite is used.
However, since Mo is a very expensive element, and when 0.18% to
0.56% of Mo is added as disclosed in the example, the cost is
considerably increased. On the other hand, in the comparative
example among the examples in which the addition amount of Mo is
extremely low, YR is high, and WH is extremely low. Accordingly,
development of a steel sheet having a low YR and a high WH must be
performed without using expensive Mo.
[0017] According to the technique disclosed in Japanese Unexamined
Patent Application Publication No. 2006-233249, the volume fraction
of martensite and the solute C in ferrite are controlled, and as
cooling after annealing to obtain high bake hardenability, cooling
is performed from a temperature of 550 to 750.degree. C. to a
temperature of 200.degree. C. or less at a cooling rate of
100.degree. C./s. However, to satisfy the cooling conditions as
described above, a specific method must be performed in which, for
example, quenching is performed in jet water, as disclosed in
Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2006-233249,
and it is difficult to perform manufacturing in a current
continuous galvanizing line.
[0018] According to the technique disclosed in Japanese Unexamined
Patent Application Publication No. 2006-52465, when cooling is
performed after annealing, cooling in the temperature range of 650
to 450.degree. C. is performed at a cooling rate of 15 to
200.degree. C./s, and cooling in the temperature range defined by
the amounts of C, Mn, and Cr is performed at less than 10.degree.
C./s. According to the example, cooling from the annealing
temperature to 680.degree. C. is performed at 3.degree. C./s, rapid
cooling is performed at a rate of 80.degree. C./s to a temperature
represented by Ts, slow cooling is performed at a rate of less than
10.degree. C./s to a temperature represented by Tf, and
subsequently, cooling to 180.degree. C. and then to room
temperature are performed at 15.degree. C./s and 100.degree. C./s,
respectively. The technique described above can be performed in a
CAL which performs no galvanizing treatment and which is provided
with an overaging zone. However, the technique is difficult to
perform in a CGL which performs a galvanizing treatment during
cooling and which is not generally provided with an overaging
apparatus (when a galvanizing treatment is performed, a steel sheet
must be dipped in a galvanizing bath at a temperature of
approximately 460.degree. C. for several seconds, and when alloying
is further performed, a steel sheet must be heated to 500 to
600.degree. C. and maintained for several tens of seconds). In
addition, when a CGL, which has a galvanizing treatment apparatus,
is provided with an overaging zone, the line length is extremely
increased. Hence, in general, an overaging zone is not provided
therefor, and after a galvanizing treatment, gas cooling is
performed. Hence, the case shown in the example in which the
temperature range of 650 to 450.degree. C. is cooled at a rate of
15.degree. C./s or more, and the temperature range of 390.degree.
C. or less is cooled at an extremely low cooling rate of
approximately 1.3.degree. C./s is difficult to perform by a heat
cycle performed in a current CGL. After cooling is performed to
room temperature in accordance with the above cooling pattern,
galvanizing may be performed. However, the cost is seriously
increased in this case. Hence, it is necessary to develop a method
for obtaining a superior material by a general heat treatment cycle
in a CGL without using the thermal history as described above.
[0019] It could therefore be helpful to provide a high strength
galvanized steel sheet having a low yield stress and superior
anti-aging property and bake hardenability and a method for
manufacturing the high strength galvanized steel sheet and, even if
a general heat treatment cycle in a CGL is performed, this high
strength galvanized steel sheet can be obtained without using
expensive Mo.
SUMMARY
[0020] We found that, by controlling Mn and Cr, which have high
hardening properties in a specific region, pearlite and bainite are
suppressed even in a heat treatment cycle in a CGL, which has a low
cooling rate. Hence, a low yield stress and high work hardenability
can be obtained.
[0021] In addition, at the same Mn equivalent, as the Mn content is
decreased, the A1 and A3 lines in a Fe--C phase diagram are shifted
to a higher temperature side and a higher C content side. Hence the
amount of solute C in ferrite is increased. Accordingly, when the
Mn content is decreased, the BH property, which is a strain aging
phenomenon of solute C, is improved. However, when the Mn content
is excessively decreased, the aging property is degraded. Hence, it
is important to control the Mn content in an appropriate range to
simultaneously obtain the anti-aging property and the bake
hardenability.
[0022] That is, we found that when the anti-aging property and the
bake hardenability are well balanced at a high level by an
appropriate control of the Mn content, and when the Mn equivalent
(=Mn+1.3Cr) is controlled in an appropriate range by adjustment of
the Cr content, a high strength galvanized steel sheet having a low
yield stress and a high work hardenability can be manufactured.
[0023] We thus provide: [0024] [1] A high strength galvanized steel
sheet has a composition containing, on a mass percent basis, 0.01%
to less than 0.08% of C, 0.2% or less of Si, more than 1.0% to 1.8%
of Mn, 0.10% or less of P, 0.03% or less of S, 0.1% or less of Al,
0.008% or less of N, more than 0.5% of Cr, and the balance being
iron and inevitable impurities, in which 1.95.ltoreq.Mn (mass
percent)+1.3Cr (mass percent).ltoreq.2.8 holds, wherein the
microstructure includes a ferrite phase and 2% to 15% of martensite
on an area ratio basis, and the total area ratio of pearlite and/or
bainite is 1.0% or less. [0025] [2] According to the above [1], in
the high strength galvanized steel sheet having excellent press
formability, on a mass percent basis, the Cr content is more than
0.65%, and the Mn content is more than 1.0% to 1.6%. [0026] [3]
According to the above [1] or [2], in the high strength galvanized
steel sheet having excellent press formability, the composition
further contains, on a mass percent basis, 0.01% or less of B.
[0027] [4] According to one of the above [1] to [3], in the high
strength galvanized steel sheet having excellent press formability,
the composition further contains, on a mass percent basis, at least
one selected from 0.15% or less of Mo, 0.5% or less of V, 0.1% or
less of Ti, and 0.1% or less of Nb. [0028] [5] A method for
manufacturing a high strength galvanized steel sheet, comprises the
steps of: performing hot rolling and cold rolling of a steel slab
having the composition according to one of the above [1] to [4];
then performing annealing at an annealing temperature of more than
750.degree. C. to less than 820.degree. C.; performing cooling at
an average cooling rate of 3 to 15.degree. C./s in a temperature
range from the annealing temperature to a temperature at which
dipping into a galvanizing bath is performed; performing
galvanizing; and then performing cooling at an average cooling rate
of 5.degree. C./s or more. [0029] [6] According to the above [5],
the method for manufacturing a high strength galvanized steel sheet
having excellent press formability further comprises the step of,
after the step of performing galvanizing, performing an alloying
treatment of a galvanizing layer.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0030] % indicating the composition of steel is always on a mass
percent basis. In addition, the high strength galvanized steel
sheet is a galvanized steel sheet having a tensile strength of 340
MPa or more.
[0031] A high strength galvanized steel sheet having a low yield
stress and superior anti-aging property and bake hardenability can
be obtained. As a result, when the above steel sheet is used for
automobile inner and outer panel application, weight reduction can
also be achieved by thickness reduction.
[0032] In addition, since the high strength galvanized steel sheet
has the superior properties described above, besides an automobile
steel sheet, it can be widely used for home electric appliance
application and the like. Hence, the steel sheet has industrial
advantages.
[0033] The composition is defined such that the Mn content is more
than 1.0% to 1.8% and the Cr content is more than 0.5, and in
addition, the Mn equivalent is controlled in an appropriate range
that satisfies 1.9.ltoreq.Mn (mass percent)+1.3Cr (mass
percent).ltoreq.2.8. In addition, the microstructure is designed
such that a ferrite phase and 2% to 15% of martensite on an area
ratio basis are included, and that the total area ratio of pearlite
and/or bainite is 1.0% or less. These are the most important
features. When the composition and the microstructure as described
above are prepared, as a result, a high strength galvanized steel
sheet having a low yield stress and superior anti-aging property
and bake hardenability can be obtained.
[0034] In addition, to manufacture the high strength galvanized
steel sheet as described above which has a low yield stress and
superior anti-aging property and bake hardenability,
annealing/galvanizing conditions must be controlled, and annealing
is performed at an annealing temperature of more than 750.degree.
C. to less than 820.degree. C., cooling is performed at an average
cooling rate of 3 to 15.degree. C./s in a temperature range from
the annealing temperature to a temperature at which dipping into a
galvanizing bath is performed, and after galvanizing is performed,
cooling is performed at an average cooling rate of 5.degree. C./s
or more.
[0035] Hereinafter, our steels and methods will be described in
detail.
[0036] First, the reasons for selecting chemical compositions of
the steel will be described.
C: 0.01% to Less than 0.08%
[0037] C is effective to increase strength and is one of important
elements. The content is set to 0.01% or more to ensure a
predetermined amount or more of martensite. On the other hand, when
the C content is 0.08% or more, since the amount of martensite is
excessively large, YP is increased, the BH amount is decreased, and
in addition, the weldability is degraded. Hence, the C content is
set to less than 0.08% and, to obtain a lower YP and a higher BH,
the C content is preferably set to less than 0.06% and more
preferably set to 0.05% or less.
Si: 0.2% or Less
[0038] Si has a high solid-solution strengthening ability, and a
lower Si content is preferable in terms of decrease in yield
strength (decrease in YP). However, since a Si content of up to
0.2% is permissible, the Si content is set to 0.2% or less.
Mn: More than 1.0% to 1.8%
[0039] Mn is the most important element. When the Mn content is
more than 1.8%, the amount of solute C in ferrite is decreased, and
the BH property is degraded. In addition, when the Mn content is
1.0% or less, a high BH property is obtained since the amount of
solute C in ferrite is large. However, on the other hand, the
anti-aging property may be degraded in some cases. Hence, to
simultaneously obtain the BH property and the anti-aging property,
the Mn content is set in the range of more than 1.0% to 1.8% and is
preferably set in the range of more than 1.0% to 1.6%.
P: 0.10% or Less
[0040] P is an effective element to increase strength. However,
when the P content is more than 0.10%, the yield strength (YP) is
increased, and surface-distortion resistance is degraded.
Furthermore, an alloying speed of a galvanizing layer is decreased,
surface defect occur, and in addition, resistance against secondary
work-embrittlement is degraded due to segregation in grain
boundaries of a steel sheet. Accordingly, the P content is set to
0.10% or less.
S: 0.03% or Less
[0041] S degrades ductility in hot rolling and enhances sensitivity
of cracking in hot rolling. Hence, the content is preferably
decreased. Further, when the S content is more than 0.03%, the
ductility of the steel sheet is degraded due to precipitation of
fine MnS, and the press formability is degraded. Hence, the S
content is set to 0.03% or less. In addition, in view of the press
formability, the S content is preferably set to 0.015% or less.
Al: 0.1% or Less
[0042] Al decreases inclusions in steel as a deoxidizing element
and, in addition, it also functions to fix unnecessary solute N in
steel in the form of a nitride. However, when the Al content is
more than 0.1%, alumina inclusions in the form of clusters are
increased, the ductility is degraded, and the press formability is
also degraded. Hence, the Al content is set to 0.1% or less. To
effectively use Al as a deoxidizing element and to sufficiently
decrease oxygen in steel, 0.02% or more of Al is preferably
contained.
N: 0.008% or Less
[0043] Since N in a solid solution state is not preferably present
in view of anti-aging property, the content is preferably
decreased. In particular, when the N content is more than 0.008%,
the amount of a nitride forming element necessary to fix N is
increased. Hence, manufacturing cost is increased. In addition, due
to excessive generation of nitrides, the ductility and toughness
are degraded. Hence, the N content is set to 0.008% or less. The N
content is preferably set to less than 0.005% to ensure ductility
and toughness.
Cr: More than 0.5%
[0044] Cr is a hardenability improving element and is a very
important element for formation of martensite. In addition, since
having a high hardenability and a low solid-solution hardenability
as compared to those of Mn, Cr is effective to decrease YP, and Cr
is positively added. However, when the Cr content is 0.5% or less,
the hardenability and YP decreasing effect may not be obtained in
some cases. Hence, the content is set to more than 0.5% and is
preferably more than 0.65%.
[0045] In addition, as described above, to simultaneously obtain
the BH property and the anti-aging property, the content of Mn is
limited. Hence, even in a heat treatment cycle in a CGL in which
the cooling rate is low, to suppress pearlite and bainite and to
decrease YP, the Mn equivalent must be controlled to be a
predetermined level by adjusting the Cr content. Accordingly, the
Cr content is set to more than 0.5% and is preferably set to more
than 0.65%.
Mn+1.3Cr: 1.9% to 2.8%
[0046] The value of Mn+1.3Cr is one index indicating the
hardenability and it is important to control the value to form
martensite. When the value of Mn+1.3Cr is less than 1.9%, the
hardenability becomes insufficient, and pearlite and bainite are
liable to be generated during cooling performed after annealing, so
that YP is increased. On the other hand, when the value of Mn+1.3Cr
is more than 2.8, the hardenability effect is saturated, and by
excessive addition of alloying elements, manufacturing cost is
increased. Hence, the value of Mn+1.3Cr is set in the range of 1.9%
to 2.8% and is preferably set in the range of more than 2.3% to
2.8%.
[0047] Targeted properties of the steel can be obtained by those
essential addition elements described above. However, besides those
elements, whenever necessary, the following elements may also be
added.
B: 0.01% or Less
[0048] B is a hardenability improving element and can be added in
an amount of 0.0005% or more to stably form martensite.
Furthermore, when 0.0015% to 0.004% of B is added, besides
improvement in grain growth properties of ferrite, BH can be
improved, and balance between decrease in YP and increase in BH can
be further improved. However, when more than 0.01% of B is added,
adverse influence on the mechanical properties and the productivity
in casting are enhanced. Hence, when B is added, the content
thereof is set to 0.01% or less. At least one of Mo: 0.15% or less,
V: 0.5% or less, Ti: 0.1% or less, and Nb: 0.1% or less
Mo: 0.15% or Less
[0049] Mo is an expensive element and is an element to increase YP.
However, Mo is also an effective element which improves zinc
coating surface quality, or improves hardenability and stably
obtains martensite, and 0.01% or more of Mo may be added. However,
when the Mo content is more than 0.15%, the effects thereof is
saturated, and cost is seriously increased. Hence, when Mo is
added, 0.15% or less of Mo may be added so that an adverse
influence thereof, increase in YP, is not so significant. In view
of reduction in cost and decrease in YP, the content of Mo is
preferably decreased as small as possible, and Mo is preferably not
to be added (0.02% or less of Mo being present as an inevitable
impurity).
V: 0.5% or Less
[0050] V is a hardenability improving element and may be added in
an amount of 0.01% or more to stably form martensite. However, even
when V is excessively added, an effect corresponding to the cost
cannot be obtained. Hence, when V is added, the content thereof is
set to 0.5% or less.
Ti: 0.1% or Less, and Nb: 0.1% or Less
[0051] Ti and Nb each form carbide, nitride and carbonitride and
decrease the amounts of solute C and N, and to prevent degradation
of mechanical properties during aging, each element in an amount of
0.01% or more may be added. However, even when the element in an
amount of more than 0.1% is excessively added, the effect is
saturated, and an effect corresponding to the cost cannot be
obtained. Hence, when Ti and/or Nb is added, the content of each
element is set to 0.1% or less.
[0052] In addition, the balance other than those elements described
above includes Fe and inevitable impurities. As the inevitable
impurities, for example, since O forms non-metal inclusions and has
an adverse influence on the quality, the content of O is preferably
decreased to 0.003% or less.
[0053] Next, the microstructure of the high strength galvanized
steel sheet having excellent press formability will be
described.
A Ferrite Phase and 2% to 15% of Martensite on an Area Ratio
Basis
[0054] The galvanized steel sheet has a dual phase microstructure
containing a ferrite phase and 2% to 15% of martensite on an area
ratio basis. When the martensite is controlled in the range
described above, the surface-distortion resistance and
work-hardenability are improved, so that a steel sheet usable for
automobile outer panel application can be obtained. When the area
ratio of the martensite is more than 15%, the strength is
significantly increased, and for example, as a steel sheet for an
automobile inner/outer plate panel, that is typically intended,
sufficient surface-distortion resistance and press formability
cannot be obtained. Hence, the area ratio of martensite is set to
15% or less. On the other hand, when the area ratio of martensite
is less than 2%, YPEl is liable to remain and, in addition, YP is
increased, so that the surface-distortion resistance is degraded.
Hence, the area ratio of martensite is set in the range of 2% to
15% and is preferably set in the range of 2% to 10%.
Total Area Ratio of Pearlite and Bainite: 1.0% or Less
[0055] In the case in which slow cooling is performed after
annealing and, in particular, an alloying treatment is performed,
when the Mn equivalent is not optimized, fine pearlite or bainite
is generated primarily adjacent to martensite, so that YR is
increased. That is, since YP can be decreased when the total area
ratio of pearlite and/or bainite is set to 1.0% or less, this total
area ratio is set to 1.0% or less.
[0056] In addition, besides the ferrite phase, martensite,
pearlite, and bainite, retained .gamma. and/or inevitable carbides
having an area ratio of approximately 1.0% may be contained.
[0057] Here, the area ratio can be obtained by the steps of
polishing an L cross-section (vertical cross-section parallel to a
rolling direction) of a steel sheet, etching the cross-section
using nital, observing 12 visual fields at a magnification of 4,000
times power using a SEM, and performing image analysis of an
obtained microstructure photograph. In the microstructure
photograph, a blackish contrast region indicates ferrite, a region
in which carbides are generated in the form of lamellas or points
is regarded as pearlite and bainite, and particles having a white
contrast are regarded as martensite.
[0058] When the Mn equivalent and the cooling conditions after
annealing are appropriately controlled, the microstructure can be
controlled in the above area ratio range.
[0059] Next, conditions for manufacturing the high strength
galvanized steel sheet will be described. The high strength
galvanized steel sheet is manufactured by the steps of forming a
slab by melting steel adjusted in the above chemical composition
range; then performing hot rolling, followed by (pickling) cold
rolling; then, after annealing, performing cooling at an average
cooling rate of 3 to 15.degree. C./s in a temperature range from
the annealing temperature to a temperature at which dipping into a
galvanizing bath is performed; and after galvanizing, performing
cooling at an average cooling rate of 5.degree. C./s or more.
[0060] In this case, the method for melting and refining steel is
not particularly limited, and an electric furnace may be used, or a
converter may be used. In addition, as a method for casting steel
after the melting and refining, a cast slab may be formed by a
continuous casting method, or an ingot may be formed by an
ingot-making method.
[0061] When the slab is hot-rolled after continuous casting,
rolling may be performed after the slab is re-heated in a heating
furnace, or direct rolling may be performed without heating the
slab. In addition, after blooming is performed for the ingot thus
formed, hot rolling may be performed.
[0062] Hot rolling may be performed in accordance with an ordinary
method, for example, such that the temperature for heating the slab
is set to 1,100 to 1,300.degree. C., the finish rolling temperature
is set to the Ar3 point or more, the cooling rate after the finish
rolling is set to 10 to 200.degree. C./s, and the coiling
temperature is set to 400 to 750.degree. C. The reduction ratio of
cold rolling may be set to 50 to 85% which is the range performed
in a general operation.
[0063] Hereinafter, annealing and galvanizing steps (CGL process)
will be described in detail.
Annealing Temperature: More than 750.degree. C. to Less than
820.degree. C.
[0064] The annealing temperature must be increased to an
appropriate temperature to obtain a microstructure containing a
ferrite phase and martensite. When the annealing temperature is
750.degree. C. or less, since austenite is not sufficiently formed,
a predetermined amount of martensite cannot be obtained. Hence, for
example, due to remaining YPEl, increase in YP, the
surface-distortion resistance is degraded. On the other hand, when
the annealing temperature is 820.degree. C. or more, the amount of
solute C in ferrite is decreased, and a high BH amount may not be
obtained in some cases. In addition, enrichment of C in austenite
is not sufficiently performed, and pearlite and bainite are liable
to be generated during the subsequent cooling and alloying
treatments, so that increase in YP ccurs. Hence, the annealing
temperature is set to more than 750.degree. C. to less than
820.degree. C.
Primary Average Cooling Rate: 3 to 15.degree. C./s
[0065] In manufacturing the galvanized steel sheet, after the
annealing, the primary average cooling rate from the annealing
temperature to a temperature at which dipping into a galvanizing
bath is performed is set to 3 to 15.degree. C./s. When the cooling
rate is less than 3.degree. C./s, since the pearlite and bainite
significantly generate during cooling, YP is increased. In
addition, since pearlite and bainite are generated, a predetermined
amount of martensite cannot be obtained, and since YPEl remains, YP
is increased. On the other hand, when the cooling rate is more than
15.degree. C./s, enrichment of C, Mn, and Cr in austenite is not
sufficiently performed, and austenite is decomposed into pearlite
and bainite during the subsequent cooling and alloying treatments,
so that the amounts thereof are increased. Hence, YP is increased.
In addition, enrichment of C in ferrite is suppressed, and a high
BH amount may not be obtained in some cases. Hence, after the
annealing, the primary average cooling rate is set to 3 to
15.degree. C./s from the annealing temperature to a temperature at
which dipping into a galvanizing bath is performed. A preferable
average cooling rate is 5 to 15.degree. C./s. In addition, a
galvanizing bath temperature in a galvanizing treatment may be a
common temperature, such as approximately 400 to 480.degree. C.
[0066] In addition, after the galvanizing treatment is performed,
whenever necessary, the alloying treatment may be performed. In
this case, the alloying treatment after the galvanizing is
performed, for example, such that after the dipping in a
galvanizing bath is performed, whenever necessary, heating is
performed to a temperature range of 500 to 700.degree. C., and the
temperature is maintained for several seconds to several tens of
seconds. According to a conventional steel sheet in which the Mn
equivalent is not specified, the mechanical properties are
seriously degraded by the alloying treatment as described above.
However, according to our steels, the increase in YP is small even
if the alloying treatment as described above is performed.
[0067] In addition, as the galvanizing conditions, a coating amount
per one surface is preferably 20 to 70 g/m.sup.2, and when the
alloying treatment is performed, the Fe content in the coating
layer is preferably set to 6% to 15%.
Secondary Cooling Rate: 5.degree. C./s or More
[0068] In the secondary cooling to be performed after the
galvanizing treatment or the alloying treatment, to obtain a
predetermined amount of martensite, cooling is performed at an
average cooling rate of 5.degree. C./s or more to a temperature of
the Ms point or less. By slow cooling in which the secondary
cooling rate is less than 5.degree. C./s, pearlite or bainite is
generated at approximately 400 to 500.degree. C., so that YP is
increased. On the other hand, although it is not necessary to limit
the upper limit of the secondary cooling rate, when it is more than
100.degree. C./s, martensite is excessively hardened, so that the
ductility is degraded. Hence, the second cooling rate is preferably
100.degree. C./s or less. Accordingly, the secondary cooling rate
is set to 5.degree. C./s or more and is preferably set to 10 to
100.degree. C./s.
[0069] Furthermore, temper rolling may also be performed on the
steel sheet after the heat treatment for shape flattening. In
addition, a steel material is supposed to be manufactured by the
steps including general steel making, casting, and hot rolling.
However, by omitting part of the hot rolling step or all thereof, a
steel material may be manufactured, for example, by thin-slab
casting.
[0070] In addition, the surface of the galvanized steel sheet may
be further processed by an organic film treatment.
EXAMPLES
Example 1
[0071] Hereinafter, our steel sheets and methods will be further
described with reference to Examples.
[0072] Several types of steel having chemical compositions of steel
A to Y shown in Table 1 were melted by vacuum melting, so that
slabs were formed. After these slabs were heated to 1,200.degree.
C. and were then hot rolled at a finish temperature of 850.degree.
C., cooling was performed, and coiling was then performed at
600.degree. C., so that a hot-rolled band having a thickness of 2.5
mm was manufactured. After pickling was performed for the
hot-rolled band thus obtained, cold rolling was performed at a
reduction ratio of 70%, so that a cold-rolled steel sheet having a
thickness of 0.75 mm was obtained.
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Chemical Compositions (Mass Percent) Mn +
1.3Cr Steel C Si Mn P S Sol. Al N Cr Others (%) Remarks A 0.042
0.02 1.08 0.010 0.015 0.035 0.0045 0.70 -- 1.99 Invention Steel B
0.034 0.01 1.25 0.009 0.005 0.040 0.0043 0.71 -- 2.17 Invention
Steel C 0.028 0.01 1.42 0.009 0.005 0.040 0.0043 0.71 -- 2.34
Invention Steel D 0.021 0.02 1.56 0.013 0.005 0.050 0.0040 0.72 --
2.50 Invention Steel E 0.013 0.01 1.78 0.009 0.012 0.040 0.0040
0.71 -- 2.70 Invention Steel F 0.035 0.01 1.57 0.015 0.009 0.040
0.0040 0.57 -- 2.31 Invention Steel G 0.032 0.02 1.56 0.010 0.015
0.035 0.0050 0.72 -- 2.50 Invention Steel H 0.028 0.02 1.55 0.011
0.005 0.035 0.0050 0.92 -- 2.75 Invention Steel I 0.022 0.01 1.56
0.009 0.005 0.040 0.0043 0.71 -- 2.48 Invention Steel J 0.032 0.02
1.58 0.013 0.005 0.050 0.0040 0.73 -- 2.53 Invention Steel K 0.042
0.01 1.57 0.009 0.012 0.040 0.0040 0.71 -- 2.49 Invention Steel L
0.074 0.01 1.56 0.011 0.025 0.040 0.0040 0.72 B: 0.0017 2.50
Invention Steel M 0.032 0.01 1.58 0.011 0.009 0.030 0.0055 0.71 --
2.50 Invention Steel N 0.031 0.05 1.57 0.011 0.015 0.035 0.0035
0.71 Mo: 0.08 2.49 Invention Steel O 0.033 0.05 1.56 0.011 0.005
0.050 0.0050 0.70 Mo: 0.05 2.47 Invention B: 0.002 Steel P 0.033
0.05 1.55 0.010 0.012 0.035 0.0040 0.71 Ti: 0.02 2.47 Invention V:
0.05 Steel Q 0.032 0.02 1.58 0.011 0.009 0.035 0.0045 0.71 Nb: 0.01
2.50 Invention Steel R 0.028 0.02 1.85 0.011 0.005 0.050 0.0040
0.45 -- 2.44 Comparative Steel S 0.050 0.02 0.95 0.010 0.005 0.050
0.0040 0.90 -- 2.12 Comparative Steel T 0.055 0.02 2.02 0.011 0.005
0.040 0.0035 0.58 -- 2.77 Comparative Steel U 0.050 0.02 1.12 0.009
0.005 0.050 0.0040 0.52 -- 1.80 Comparative Steel V 0.004 0.01 1.77
0.011 0.025 0.040 0.0040 0.77 -- 2.77 Comparative Steel W 0.040
0.02 1.02 0.026 0.012 0.081 0.0018 0.7 B: 0.0015 1.93 Invention
Steel X 0.029 0.01 1.37 0.018 0.005 0.064 0.0037 0.6 B: 0.0031 2.15
Invention Steel Y 0.028 0.01 1.38 0.008 0.0008 0.056 0.0029 0.64 B:
0.0015, 2.21 Invention Ti: 0.004 Steel
[0073] Next, samples obtained by cutting off from the cold-rolled
steel sheets, which were obtained as described above, were
sequentially processed by the steps of performing annealing at
annealing temperatures shown in Table 2 for 60 seconds in an
infrared image furnace; performing primary cooling under conditions
shown in Table 2; performing galvanizing (galvanizing bath
temperature: 460.degree. C.); performing an alloying treatment
(520.degree. C..times.15 s); performing secondary cooling to a
temperature of 150.degree. C. or less; and performing temper
rolling at an extension rate of 0.4%. In this case, the galvanizing
treatment was adjusted to have a coating weight of 50 g/m.sup.2 per
one surface, and the alloying treatment was adjusted so that the Fe
content in the coating layer was 9% to 12%.
[0074] From the galvanized steel sheets obtained as described
above, samples were obtained, and the area ratio of martensite and
the total area ratio of pearlite and/or bainite were measured. In
addition, the tensile properties, work hardening amount (WH), bake
hardening amount (BH), and yield point elongation (YPEl) obtained
after an acceleration aging test were measured. The detailed
measurement methods are described below: [0075] (1) Area ratio of
Martensite: After an L cross-section (vertical cross-section
parallel to the rolling direction) was mechanically polished and
was then etched with nital, 12 visual fields were observed by a
scanning electron microscope (SEM) at a magnification of 4,000
times power, and quantification was performed using an obtained
photograph (SEM photograph) of microstructure. In the photograph,
particles having a white contrast were regarded as martensite, and
remaining parts having a black contrast were regarded as ferrite,
so that the ratio of martensite with respect to the overall area
was obtained. [0076] (2) Tensile Properties: JIS No. 5 test pieces
were obtained in a 90.degree.-direction (C direction) with respect
to the rolling direction, and a tensile test in accordance with JIS
Z2241 was performed, so that the yield stress (YP) and the tensile
strength (TS) were measured. [0077] (3) Work Hardenability Amount
(WH): The difference between a stress at a pre-strain of 2% and the
yield stress (YP) was measured. [0078] (4) Bake Hardenability
Amount (BH): The difference between a stress at a pre-strain of 2%
and the yield stress obtained by a heat treatment corresponding to
paint baking at 170.degree. C. for 20 minutes. [0079] (5) Yield
Point Elongation (YPEl) after Acceleration Aging Test: After a heat
treatment at 100.degree. C. for 24 hours, YPEl was measured by the
tensile test (in accordance with HS Z2241). In consideration of the
case in which a steel sheet crosses the red line for export, the
acceleration aging conditions were set so that the equivalent aging
times obtained from Hundy's equation were 1.2 years at 30.degree.
C. and approximately 2 months at 50.degree. C.
[0080] The measurement results are shown in Table 2 together with
the manufacturing conditions.
TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Annealing and Galvanizing Conditions Temper
Microstructure Primary Secondary Rolling Total Area Annealing
Cooling Cooling Extension Primary Martensite Ratio of Steel
Temperature Rate Alloying Rate Rate Microstructure Area Ratio
Pearlite and No. No. (.degree. C.) (.degree. C./s) Conditions
(.degree. C./s) (%) E* (%) Bainite (%) 1 A 770 12 520.degree. C.
.times. 15 s 40 0.4 F + M + P/B 2.9 0.95 2 B 770 12 520.degree. C.
.times. 15 s 40 0.4 F + M + P/B 2.8 0.73 3 C 780 5 520.degree. C.
.times. 15 s 20 0.4 F + M + P/B 2.6 0.69 4 D 780 5 520.degree. C.
.times. 15 s 20 0.4 F + M + P/B 2.6 0.58 5 E 800 5 520.degree. C.
.times. 15 s 20 0.4 F + M + P/B 2.5 0.54 6 F 780 5 520.degree. C.
.times. 15 s 20 0.4 F + M + P/B 4.2 0.72 7 G 780 5 520.degree. C.
.times. 15 s 20 0.4 F + M + P/B 4.0 0.58 8 H 780 5 520.degree. C.
.times. 15 s 20 0.4 F + M + P/B 4.1 0.52 9 I 780 5 520.degree. C.
.times. 15 s 20 0.4 F + M + P/B 2.9 0.58 10 J 780 5 520.degree. C.
.times. 15 s 20 0.4 F + M + P/B 4.6 0.60 11 K 780 5 520.degree. C.
.times. 15 s 20 0.4 F + M + P/B 5.6 0.59 12 L 780 5 520.degree. C.
.times. 15 s 20 0.4 F + M + P/B 13.3 0.51 13 M 780 5 520.degree. C.
.times. 15 s 20 0.4 F + M + P/B 4.2 0.61 14 N 780 5 520.degree. C.
.times. 15 s 20 0.4 F + M + P/B 4.4 0.63 15 O 780 5 520.degree. C.
.times. 15 s 20 0.4 F + M + P/B 4.3 0.64 16 P 780 5 520.degree. C.
.times. 15 s 20 0.4 F + M + P/B 4.3 0.62 17 Q 780 5 520.degree. C.
.times. 15 s 20 0.4 F + M + P/B 4.5 0.64 18 R 780 5 520.degree. C.
.times. 15 s 20 0.4 F + M + P/B 4.5 0.53 19 S 780 5 520.degree. C.
.times. 15 s 20 0.4 F + M + P/B 2.2 0.96 20 T 780 5 520.degree. C.
.times. 15 s 20 0.4 F + M + P/B 11.6 0.52 21 U 780 12 520.degree.
C. .times. 15 s 40 0.4 F + M + P/B 1.4 1.44 22 V 780 12 520.degree.
C. .times. 15 s 40 0.4 F + M + P/B 1.1 0.53 40 W 785 12 520.degree.
C. .times. 15 s 40 0.4 F + M + P/B 4.0 0.34 41 X 785 5 520.degree.
C. .times. 15 s 20 0.4 F + M + P/B 3.9 0.24 42 Y 785 5 520.degree.
C. .times. 15 s 20 0.4 F + M + P/B 3.8 0.26 Mechanical Properties
YPEI After YP TS YR WH BH YP' Aging No. (MPa) (MPa) (%) (MPa) (MPa)
(MPa) (%) Remarks 1 244 461 52.9 59 81 384 0.2 Invention Example 2
234 455 51.4 61 78 373 0.1 Invention Example 3 223 453 49.2 64 72
359 0 Invention Example 4 217 452 48.0 67 66 350 0 Invention
Example 5 215 451 47.7 70 55 340 0 Invention Example 6 235 477 49.3
70 66 371 0 Invention Example 7 228 473 48.2 71 67 366 0 Invention
Example 8 224 475 47.2 75 66 365 0 Invention Example 9 219 452 48.5
65 66 350 0 Invention Example 10 237 484 49.0 72 67 376 0 Invention
Example 11 243 498 48.8 80 66 389 0 Invention Example 12 254 529
48.0 110 61 425 0 Invention Example 13 228 475 48.0 72 66 366 0
Invention Example 14 238 480 49.6 68 71 377 0 Invention Example 15
236 478 49.4 67 68 371 0 Invention Example 16 238 479 49.7 71 67
376 0 Invention Example 17 240 481 49.9 72 66 378 0 Invention
Example 18 235 482 48.8 71 48 354 0 Comparative Example 19 230 443
51.9 63 82 375 1.8 Comparative Example 20 272 566 48.1 102 41 415 0
Comparative Example 21 245 441 55.6 62 78 385 1.6 Comparative
Example 22 261 432 60.4 63 57 381 1.2 Comparative Example 40 219
469 46.7 77 87 383 0 Invention Example 41 207 454 45.6 73 79 359 0
Invention Example 42 210 458 45.9 72 80 362 0 Invention Example *F:
Ferrite, M: Martensite, P: Pearlite, B: Bainite
[0081] In Table 2, the compositions and the manufacturing
conditions of Nos. 1 to 17 and 40 to 42 are within our range, and
the microstructures thereof are our examples in which the area
ratio of martensite is in the range of 2% to 15%, and the total
area ratio of pearlite and/or bainite is 1.0% or less. Compared to
comparative examples, our examples have a low YR and a high BH, and
YPEl after aging is also low, such as 0.2% or less.
[0082] On the other hand, according to Nos. 18 to 22 of the
comparative examples manufactured using steel R to V which are
outside our predetermined composition, at least one of YR, BH, and
YPEl after aging are inferior.
[0083] As for No. 18 (steel R), the Mn content and the Cr content
are outside our range and, since the Mn content is particularly
high, the BH amount is low. As for No. 19 (steel S), since the Mn
content is low, the amount of solute C in ferrite is large, and a
high BH is obtained. However, on the other hand, YPEl after aging
is high, so that the anti-aging property is inferior. As for No. 20
(steel T), since the Mn content is high, the amount of solute C in
ferrite is small, so that BH is low. In addition, since ferrite is
sold-solution strengthened, YP is relatively high, and the
surface-distortion resistance is inferior. As for No. 21 (steel U),
since the value of Mn+1.3Cr is low, pearlite and bainite are
generated during cooling performed after annealing, and a
predetermined amount of martensite can not be ensured. Hence, YR is
relatively high, and YPEl after aging is also high. As for No. 22
(steel V), since the amount of C is small, a predetermined amount
of martensite can not be obtained. Hence, YR is high, and YPEl
after aging is also high.
Example 2
[0084] Several types of steel having chemical compositions of steel
C, D, E, and G shown in Table 1 were melted by vacuum melting, and
under conditions similar to those in Example 1, they were then
processed by hot rolling, pickling, and cold rolling, followed by
annealing at annealing temperatures shown in Table 3 for 60
seconds. Subsequently, after primary cooling under conditions shown
in Table 3 and a galvanizing treatment (galvanizing bath
temperature: 460.degree. C.) were performed, an alloying treatment
was performed, and secondary cooling to a temperature of
150.degree. C. or less and temper rolling were then performed.
[0085] Samples were obtained from the galvanized steel sheets thus
obtained, and by methods similar to those in Example 1, the area
ratio of martensite and the total area ratio of pearlite and/or
bainite were measured. In addition, the tensile properties, work
hardenability amount (WH), bake hardenability amount (BH), and YPEl
after an acceleration aging test were measured.
[0086] The obtained results are shown in Table 3 together with the
manufacturing conditions.
TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Annealing and Temper Microstructure Plating
Conditions Rolling Total Area Annealing Primary Secondary Extension
Martensite Ratio of Steel Temperature Cooling Rate Alloying Cooling
Rate Rate Primary Area Ratio Pearlite and No. No. (.degree. C.)
(.degree. C./s) Conditions (.degree. C./s) (%) Microstructure* (%)
Bainite (%) 23 C 780 5 520.degree. C. .times. 15 s 20 0.4 F + M +
P/B 2.6 0.69 24 740 5 520.degree. C. .times. 15 s 20 0.4 F + M +
P/B 1.4 0.32 25 760 5 520.degree. C. .times. 15 s 20 0.4 F + M +
P/B 2.5 0.66 26 800 5 520.degree. C. .times. 15 s 20 0.4 F + M +
P/B 3.2 0.72 27 840 5 520.degree. C. .times. 15 s 20 0.4 F + M +
P/B 4.3 1.06 28 D 780 5 520.degree. C. .times. 15 s 20 0.4 F + M +
P/B 2.6 0.58 29 780 5 520.degree. C. .times. 15 s 20 NONE F + M +
P/B 2.7 0.56 30 800 5 NONE 20 0.4 F + M + P/B 3.3 0.34 31 E 800 5
520.degree. C. .times. 15 s 20 0.4 F + M + P/B 2.5 0.54 32 800 2
520.degree. C. .times. 15 s 20 0.4 F + M + P/B 1.1 1.45 33 770 20
520.degree. C. .times. 15 s 20 0.4 F + M + P/B 1.3 1.31 34 780 5
520.degree. C. .times. 15 s 3 0.4 F + M + P/B 1.4 1.41 35 800 5
520.degree. C. .times. 15 s 40 0.4 F + M + P/B 3.2 0.55 36 G 780 5
520.degree. C. .times. 15 s 20 0.4 F + M + P/B 4.0 0.58 37 760 5
520.degree. C. .times. 15 s 20 NONE F + M + P/B 4.2 0.57 38 800 10
520.degree. C. .times. 15 s 20 0.4 F + M + P/B 5.4 0.62 39 800 5
NONE 30 0.4 F + M + P/B 4.8 0.28 Mechanical Properties YPEI After
YP TS YR WH BH YP' Aging No. (MPa) (MPa) (%) (MPa) (MPa) (MPa) (%)
Remarks 23 223 453 49.2 64 72 359 0 Invention Example 24 248 428
57.9 52 83 383 1.0 Comparative Example 25 215 443 48.5 61 75 351 0
Invention Example 26 223 459 48.6 67 68 358 0 Invention Example 27
249 478 52.1 68 59 376 0 Comparative Example 28 217 452 48.0 67 66
350 0 Invention Example 29 197 448 44.0 83 68 348 0 Invention
Example 30 217 461 47.1 69 66 352 0 Invention Example 31 215 451
47.7 70 55 340 0 Invention Example 32 232 411 56.4 44 86 362 2.0
Comparative Example 33 233 421 55.3 48 82 363 1.0 Comparative
Example 34 236 429 55.0 49 80 365 0.8 Comparative Example 35 227
459 49.5 71 53 351 0 Invention Example 36 228 473 48.2 71 65 364 0
Invention Example 37 208 472 44.1 93 66 367 0 Invention Example 38
243 495 49.1 79 65 387 0 Invention Example 39 240 486 49.4 75 67
382 0 Invention Example *F: Ferrite, M: Martensite, P: Pearlite, B:
Bainite
[0087] As shown in Table 3, the compositions and the manufacturing
conditions of Nos. 23, 25, 26, 28 to 31, and 35 to 39 are within
our range, and the microstructures thereof are our examples in
which the area ratio of martensite is in the range of 2% to 15%,
and the total area ratio of pearlite and/or bainite is 1.0% or
less. Compared to comparative examples, our examples have a lower
YR and a higher BH, and YPEl after aging is also smaller, such as
0.2% or less.
[0088] On the other hand, as for No. 24, since the annealing
temperature is low, a predetermined amount of martensite can not be
obtained, YR is high, and YPEl after aging is also high, so that
the anti-aging property is inferior.
[0089] As for No. 27, since the annealing temperature is high,
enrichment of elements in austenite during annealing is
insufficient. Hence, pearlite and bainite are generated during the
alloying treatment. As a result, compared to our example having the
same strength as that of No. 27, YR is relatively high.
[0090] As for No. 32, since the primary cooling rate is low, its
cooling curve come across pearlite and bainite noses, and the
generation amounts thereof are increased, so that YP is increased.
In addition, since pearlite and bainite are generated, a
predetermined amount of martensite can not be obtained, and due to
remaining YPEl, YP is increased. Hence, YR is relatively high, and
YPEl after aging is also relatively high.
[0091] As for No. 33, since the primary cooling rate is high,
enrichment of elements in austenite is insufficient, and pearlite
and bainite are liable to be generated during the alloying
treatment. As a result, the martensite area ratio obtained after
cooling is decreased, YR is relatively high, and YPEl after aging
is also high.
[0092] As for No. 34, since the secondary cooling rate is low,
austenite is decomposed into pearlite and bainite in a temperature
range of approximately 400 to 500.degree. C. during the secondary
cooling, and the amounts thereof are increased. Hence, the
martensite area ratio obtained after cooling is decreased.
Accordingly, YR is relatively high, and YPEl after aging is also
high.
INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY
[0093] Since our high strength galvanized steel sheet has a low
yield stress and also has superior anti-aging property and bake
hardenability, the steel sheet can be applied to parts which
require high formability, such as automobile inner and outer plate
application.
* * * * *