U.S. patent application number 12/593152 was filed with the patent office on 2010-05-27 for purinyl derivatives and their use as potassium channel modulators.
This patent application is currently assigned to NeuroSearch A/S. Invention is credited to Palle Christophersen, Birgitte L. Eriksen, Charlotte Hougaard, Dan Peters, Ulrik Svane Sorensen.
Application Number | 20100130516 12/593152 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 39473604 |
Filed Date | 2010-05-27 |
United States Patent
Application |
20100130516 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Eriksen; Birgitte L. ; et
al. |
May 27, 2010 |
PURINYL DERIVATIVES AND THEIR USE AS POTASSIUM CHANNEL
MODULATORS
Abstract
This invention relates to novel purinyl derivatives and their
use as potassium channel modulating agents. Moreover the invention
is directed to pharmaceutical compositions useful for the treatment
or alleviation of diseases or disorders associated with the
activity of potassium channels.
Inventors: |
Eriksen; Birgitte L.;
(Farum, DK) ; Sorensen; Ulrik Svane; (Soborg,
DK) ; Hougaard; Charlotte; (Bagsvaerd, DK) ;
Peters; Dan; (Malmo, SE) ; Christophersen; Palle;
(Ballerup, DK) |
Correspondence
Address: |
BIRCH STEWART KOLASCH & BIRCH
PO BOX 747
FALLS CHURCH
VA
22040-0747
US
|
Assignee: |
NeuroSearch A/S
Ballerup
DK
|
Family ID: |
39473604 |
Appl. No.: |
12/593152 |
Filed: |
March 27, 2008 |
PCT Filed: |
March 27, 2008 |
PCT NO: |
PCT/EP08/53659 |
371 Date: |
January 12, 2010 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
60908503 |
Mar 28, 2007 |
|
|
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
514/263.2 ;
544/277 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61P 25/00 20180101;
A61P 25/08 20180101; A61P 37/00 20180101; A61P 15/10 20180101; A61P
3/10 20180101; A61P 13/12 20180101; A61P 13/10 20180101; A61P 15/00
20180101; A61P 25/18 20180101; C07D 473/24 20130101; A61P 25/28
20180101; C07D 473/16 20130101; A61P 11/00 20180101; A61P 9/00
20180101; A61P 25/30 20180101; A61P 9/10 20180101; A61P 13/00
20180101; A61P 25/16 20180101; A61P 25/06 20180101; A61P 1/00
20180101 |
Class at
Publication: |
514/263.2 ;
544/277 |
International
Class: |
A61K 31/52 20060101
A61K031/52; C07D 473/34 20060101 C07D473/34; A61P 11/00 20060101
A61P011/00; A61P 25/08 20060101 A61P025/08; A61P 13/12 20060101
A61P013/12; A61P 13/10 20060101 A61P013/10; A61P 15/10 20060101
A61P015/10; A61P 9/10 20060101 A61P009/10; A61P 25/16 20060101
A61P025/16; A61P 25/28 20060101 A61P025/28; A61P 25/18 20060101
A61P025/18; A61P 25/06 20060101 A61P025/06 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Mar 28, 2007 |
DK |
PA 2007 00482 |
Claims
1. A purinyl derivative of Formula Ia or Ib ##STR00013## a
stereoisomer thereof or a mixture of its stereoisomers, an N-oxide
thereof, a prodrug thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt
thereof, wherein n is 0, 1, 2 or 3; X represents O, S or NR';
wherein R' represents hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, phenyl or
benzyl; Y represents alkyl, cycloalkyl or phenyl; which alkyl,
cycloalkyl and phenyl are substituted two or more times with
substituents selected from the group consisting of alkyl,
cycloalkyl, halo, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, hydroxy,
alkoxy, cyano, nitro and amino; R.sup.1 represents hydrogen, alkyl
or alkoxy-alkyl; and Het represents a heterocyclic group selected
from pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, indazolyl, benzimidazolyl and
pyridinyl, which pyrazolyl, imidazolyl indazolyl, benzimidazolyl
and pyridinyl may optionally be substituted with one substituent
selected from the group consisting of alkyl, hydroxy-alkyl,
cycloalkyl, cycloalkyl-alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, halo,
trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, hydroxy, alkoxy,
alkoxy-carbonyl, carboxy, cyano, nitro, amino, amino-carbonyl,
N,N-dialkyl-amino-carbonyl, phenyl and benzyl.
2. The purinyl derivative of claim 1, a stereoisomer thereof or a
mixture of its stereoisomers, an N-oxide thereof, a prodrug
thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein n
is 0, 1 or 2.
3. The purinyl derivative of claim 1, a stereoisomer thereof or a
mixture of its stereoisomers, an N-oxide thereof, a prodrug
thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein X
represents O, S or NR'; wherein R' represents hydrogen or
alkyl.
4. The purinyl derivative of claim 1, a stereoisomer thereof or a
mixture of its stereoisomers, an N-oxide thereof, a prodrug
thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Y
represents cycloalkyl or phenyl; which cycloalkyl and phenyl are
substituted two or more times with substituents selected from the
group consisting of alkyl, cycloalkyl, halo, trifluoromethyl,
trifluoromethoxy, hydroxy, alkoxy, cyano, nitro and amino.
5. The purinyl derivative of claim 1, a stereoisomer thereof or a
mixture of its stereoisomers, an N-oxide thereof, a prodrug
thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein
R.sup.1 represents hydrogen or alkyl.
6. The purinyl derivative of claim 1, a stereoisomer thereof or a
mixture of its stereoisomers, an N-oxide thereof, a prodrug
thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Het
represents a heterocyclic group selected from pyrazolyl,
imidazolyl, indazolyl, benzimidazolyl and pyridinyl, which
pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, indazolyl, benzimidazolyl and pyridinyl may
optionally be substituted with one substituent selected from the
group consisting of alkyl, hydroxy-alkyl, halo, trifluoromethyl,
trifluoromethoxy, hydroxy, alkoxy, alkoxy-carbonyl, cyano, nitro,
amino, phenyl and benzyl.
7. The purinyl derivative according to claim 6, a stereoisomer
thereof or a mixture of its stereoisomers, an N-oxide thereof, a
prodrug thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,
wherein Het represents pyrazolyl optionally substituted with one
substituent selected from the group consisting of alkyl,
hydroxy-alkyl, halo, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, hydroxy,
alkoxy, alkoxy-carbonyl, cyano, nitro, amino, phenyl and
benzyl.
8. The purinyl-pyrazole derivative of claim 1, which is
(3,4-Difluoro-phenyl)-[9-methyl-2-(3-methyl-pyrazol-1-yl)-9H-purin-6-yl]a-
mine or a stereoisomer thereof or a mixture of its stereoisomers,
an N-oxide thereof, a prodrug thereof, or a pharmaceutically
acceptable salt thereof.
9. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a
therapeutically-effective amount of a purinyl derivative according
to claim 1, a stereoisomer thereof or a mixture of its
stereoisomers, an N-oxide thereof, or a pharmaceutically-acceptable
addition salt thereof, or a prodrug thereof, together with at least
one pharmaceutically-acceptable carrier or diluent.
10. A method of treatment, prevention or alleviation of a disease
or a disorder or a condition of a living animal body, including a
human, which disease, disorder or condition is responsive to
modulation of the potassium channels, and which method comprises:
administering to such a living animal body, including a human, in
need thereof a therapeutically-effective amount of a purinyl
derivative of claim 1, a stereoisomer thereof or a mixture of its
stereoisomers, an N-oxide thereof, a prodrug thereof, or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
11. The method according to claim 10, wherein the disease or a
disorder associated with the activity of potassium channels is a
respiratory disease, epilepsy, convulsions, seizures, absence
seizures, vascular spasms, coronary artery spasms, renal disorders,
polycystic kidney disease, bladder spasms, overactive bladder,
urinary incontinence, bladder outflow obstruction, interstitiel
cystitis, erectile dysfunction, gastrointestinal dysfunction,
secretory diarrhoea, ischaemia, cerebral ischaemia, ischaemic heart
disease, angina pectoris, coronary heart disease, autism, ataxia,
traumatic brain injury, Parkinson's disease, bipolar disorder,
psychosis, schizophrenia, anxiety, depression, mania, mood
disorders, dementia, memory and attention deficits, Alzheimer's
disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), dysmenorrhea,
narcolepsy, Reynaud's disease, intermittent claudication, Sjogren's
syndrome, arrhythmia, hypertension, myotonic muscle dystrophia,
spasticity, xerostomi, diabetes type II, hyperinsulinemia,
premature labour, baldness, cancer, irritable bowel syndrome,
immune suppression, migraine or pain, or withdrawal symptoms caused
by the termination of abuse of chemical substances, in particular
opioids, heroin, cocaine and morphine, benzodiazepines and
benzodiazepine-like drugs, and alcohol.
12. (canceled)
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] This invention relates to novel purinyl derivatives and
their use as potassium channel modulating agents. Moreover the
invention is directed to pharmaceutical compositions useful for the
treatment or alleviation of diseases or disorders associated with
the activity of potassium channels.
BACKGROUND ART
[0002] Ion channels are transmembrane proteins, which catalyse the
transport of inorganic ions across cell membranes. The ion channels
participate in processes as diverse as the generation and timing of
action potentials, synaptic transmissions, secretion of hormones,
contraction of muscles, etc.
[0003] All mammalian cells express potassium (K.sup.+) channels in
their cell membranes, and the channels play a dominant role in the
regulation of the membrane potential. In nerve and muscle cells
they regulate the frequency and form of the action potential, the
release of neurotransmitters, and the degree of broncho- and
vasodilation.
[0004] From a molecular point of view, the K.sup.+ channels
represent the largest and most diverse group of ion channels. For
an overview they can be divided into five large subfamilies:
Voltage-activated K.sup.+ channels (K.sub.v), long QT related
K.sup.+ channels (KvLQT), inward rectifiers (K.sub.IR), two-pore
K.sup.+ channels (K.sub.TP), and calcium-activated K.sup.+ channels
(K.sub.ca).
[0005] The latter group, the Ca.sup.2+-activated K.sup.+ channels,
consists of three well-defined subtypes: SK channels, IK channels
and BK channels. SK, IK and BK refer to the single-channel
conductance (Small, Intermediate and Big conductance K channel).
The SK, IK, and BK channels exhibit differences in e.g. voltage-
and calcium-sensitivity, pharmacology, distribution and
function.
[0006] SK channels are present in many central neurons and ganglia,
where their primary function is to hyperpolarize nerve cells
following one or several action potentials, in order to prevent
long trains of epileptogenic activity to occur. The SK channels are
also present in several peripheral cells including skeletal muscle,
gland cells, liver cells, and T-lymphocytes. The significance of SK
channels in normal skeletal muscle is not clear, but their number
is significantly increased in denervated muscle, and the large
number of SK channels in the muscle of patients with myotonic
muscle dystrophia, suggest a role in the pathogenesis of the
disease.
[0007] Studies indicate that K.sup.+ channels may be a therapeutic
target in the treatment of a number of diseases including asthma,
cystic fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and
rhinorrhea, convulsions, vascular spasms, coronary artery spasms,
renal disorders, polycystic kidney disease, bladder spasms,
overactive bladder, urinary incontinence, bladder outflow
obstruction, interstitiel cystitis, irritable bowel syndrome,
gastrointestinal dysfunction, secretory diarrhoea, ischaemia,
cerebral ischaemia, ischaemic heart disease, angina pectoris,
coronary heart disease, traumatic brain injury, psychosis, anxiety,
depression, dementia, memory and attention deficits, Alzheimer's
disease, dysmenorrhea, narcolepsy, Reynaud's disease, intermittent
claudication, Sjogren's syndrome, migraine, pain, arrhythmia,
hypertension, absence seizures, myotonic muscle dystrophia,
xerostomi, diabetes type II, hyperinsulinemia, premature labour,
baldness, cancer and immune suppression.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0008] The present invention resides in the provision of novel
chemical compounds capable of modulating SK channels, or subtypes
of SK channels.
[0009] Accordingly, in its first aspect, the invention provides
novel purinyl derivative of formula Ia or Ib
##STR00001##
an isomer thereof or a mixture of its isomers, an N-oxide thereof,
a prodrug thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,
wherein n is 0, 1, 2 or 3; X represents O, S or NR'; wherein R'
represents hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, phenyl or benzyl; Y
represents alkyl, cycloalkyl or phenyl; which alkyl, cycloalkyl and
phenyl are substituted two or more times with substituents selected
from the group consisting of alkyl, cycloalkyl, halo,
trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, hydroxy, alkoxy, cyano, nitro
and amino; R.sup.1 represents hydrogen, alkyl or alkoxy-alkyl; and
Het represents a heterocyclic group selected from pyrazolyl,
imidazolyl, indazolyl, benzimidazolyl and pyridinyl, which
pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, indazolyl, benzimidazolyl and pyridinyl may
optionally be substituted with one substituent selected from the
group consisting of alkyl, hydroxy-alkyl, cycloalkyl,
cycloalkyl-alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, halo, trifluoromethyl,
trifluoromethoxy, hydroxy, alkoxy, alkoxy-carbonyl, carboxy, cyano,
nitro, amino, amino-carbonyl, N,N-dialkyl-amino-carbonyl, phenyl
and benzyl.
[0010] In another aspect, the invention provides pharmaceutical
compositions comprising an effective amount of a compound of the
invention.
[0011] In further aspects the invention relates to the use of a
derivative of the invention for the manufacture of a medicament for
the treatment or alleviation of diseases or disorders associated
with the activity of potassium channels, and to method of treatment
or alleviation of disorders or conditions responsive to modulation
of potassium channels.
DETAILED DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION
Potassium Channel Modulating Agents
[0012] In its first aspect, the invention provides novel purinyl
derivatives of Formula Ia or Ib
##STR00002##
a stereoisomer thereof or a mixture of its stereoisomers, an
N-oxide thereof, a prodrug thereof, or a pharmaceutically
acceptable salt thereof, wherein n is 0, 1, 2 or 3; X represents O,
S or NR'; wherein R' represents hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, phenyl
or benzyl; Y represents alkyl, cycloalkyl or phenyl; which alkyl,
cycloalkyl and phenyl are substituted two or more times with
substituents selected from the group consisting of alkyl,
cycloalkyl, halo, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, hydroxy,
alkoxy, cyano, nitro and amino; R.sup.1 represents hydrogen, alkyl
or alkoxy-alkyl; and Het represents a heterocyclic group selected
from pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, indazolyl, benzimidazolyl and
pyridinyl, which pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, indazolyl, benzimidazolyl
and pyridinyl may optionally be substituted with one substituent
selected from the group consisting of alkyl, hydroxy-alkyl,
cycloalkyl, cycloalkyl-alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, halo,
trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, hydroxy, alkoxy,
alkoxy-carbonyl, carboxy, cyano, nitro, amino, amino-carbonyl,
N,N-dialkyl-amino-carbonyl, phenyl and benzyl.
[0013] In another embodiment the derivative of the invention is a
purinyl-pyrazole derivative of Formula IIa or IIb
##STR00003##
a stereoisomer thereof or a mixture of its stereoisomers, an
N-oxide thereof, a prodrug thereof, or a pharmaceutically
acceptable salt thereof, wherein n, X, Y and R.sup.1 are as defined
above; and R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 represent hydrogen, or two
of R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 represent hydrogen; and the
remaining one of R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 represent alkyl,
hydroxy-alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkyl-alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl,
halo, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, hydroxy, alkoxy,
alkoxy-carbonyl, carboxy, cyano, nitro, amino, amino-carbonyl,
N,N-dialkyl-amino-carbonyl, phenyl or benzyl.
[0014] In another embodiment the derivative of the invention is a
purinyl-indazolyl derivative of Formula IIIa or IIIb
##STR00004##
a stereoisomer thereof or a mixture of its stereoisomers, an
N-oxide thereof, a prodrug thereof, or a pharmaceutically
acceptable salt thereof, wherein n, X, Y, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3
and R.sup.4 are as defined above.
[0015] In another embodiment the derivative of the invention is a
purinyl-indazolyl derivative of Formula IVa or IVb
##STR00005##
a stereoisomer thereof or a mixture of its stereoisomers, an
N-oxide thereof, a prodrug thereof, or a pharmaceutically
acceptable salt thereof, wherein n, X, Y, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3
and R.sup.4 are as defined above.
[0016] In another embodiment the derivative of the invention is a
purinyl-benzimidazolyl derivative of Formula Va or Vb
##STR00006##
a stereoisomer thereof or a mixture of its stereoisomers, an
N-oxide thereof, a prodrug thereof, or a pharmaceutically
acceptable salt thereof, wherein n, X, Y, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3
and R.sup.4 are as defined above.
[0017] In another embodiment the derivative of the invention is a
purinyl-pyridinyl derivative of Formula VIa or VIb
##STR00007##
a stereoisomer thereof or a mixture of its stereoisomers, an
N-oxide thereof, a prodrug thereof, or a pharmaceutically
acceptable salt thereof, wherein n, X, Y, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3
and R.sup.4 are as defined above.
[0018] In a another embodiment the derivative of the invention is a
compound of formula Ia, Ib, IIa, IIb, IIIa, IIIb, IVa, IVb, Va, Vb,
VIa or VIb, wherein n is 0, 1, 2 or 3.
[0019] In another embodiment n is 0, 1 or 2.
[0020] In another embodiment n is 0 or 1.
[0021] In another embodiment n is 0.
[0022] In another embodiment n is 1.
[0023] In another embodiment n is 2.
[0024] In another embodiment the derivative of the invention is a
compound of formula Ia, Ib, IIa, IIb, IIIa, IIIb, IVa, IVb, Va, Vb,
VIa or VIb, wherein X represents O, S or NR'; wherein R' represents
hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, phenyl or benzyl.
[0025] In another embodiment X represents NR'; wherein R'
represents hydrogen, alkyl or cycloalkyl.
[0026] In another embodiment X represents NR'; wherein R'
represents hydrogen or methyl.
[0027] In another embodiment X represents O, S or NH.
[0028] In another embodiment X represents O.
[0029] In another embodiment X represents S.
[0030] In another embodiment X represents NH.
[0031] In another embodiment the derivative of the invention is a
compound of formula Ia, Ib, IIa, IIb, IIIa, IIb, IVa, IVb, Va, Vb,
VIa or VIb, wherein Y represents alkyl, cycloalkyl or phenyl; which
alkyl, cycloalkyl and phenyl are substituted two or more times with
substituents selected from the group consisting of alkyl,
cycloalkyl, halo, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, hydroxy,
alkoxy, cyano, nitro and amino.
[0032] In another embodiment Y represents cycloalkyl or phenyl;
which cycloalkyl and phenyl are substituted two or more times with
substituents selected from the group consisting of alkyl,
cycloalkyl, halo, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, hydroxy,
alkoxy, cyano, nitro and amino.
[0033] In another embodiment Y represents cycloalkyl or phenyl;
which cycloalkyl and phenyl are substituted two or more times with
substituents selected from the group consisting of halo, in
particular fluoro or chloro, or trifluoromethyl.
[0034] In another embodiment Y represents cycloalkyl or phenyl;
which cycloalkyl and phenyl are substituted two or more times with
halo, in particular fluoro, chloro or bromo.
[0035] In another embodiment Y represents cycloalkyl, which
cycloalkyl is substituted two or more times with substituents
selected from the group consisting of alkyl, cycloalkyl, halo,
trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, hydroxy, alkoxy, cyano, nitro
and amino.
[0036] In another embodiment Y represents cycloalkyl, which
cycloalkyl is substituted two or more times with alkyl.
[0037] In another embodiment Y represents cycloalkyl, which
cycloalkyl is substituted two or more times with halo, in
particular fluoro, chloro or bromo.
[0038] In another embodiment Y represents phenyl; which phenyl is
substituted two or more times with substituents selected from the
group consisting of halo, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, cyano,
nitro and amino.
[0039] In another embodiment Y represents phenyl; which phenyl is
substituted two or more times with substituents selected from the
group consisting of halo, trifluoromethyl, cyano, nitro and
amino.
[0040] In another embodiment Y represents phenyl; which phenyl is
substituted two or more times with halo, in particular fluoro,
chloro or bromo.
[0041] In another embodiment Y represents phenyl; which phenyl is
substituted two times with halo.
[0042] In another embodiment Y represents phenyl; which phenyl is
substituted two times with fluoro.
[0043] In another embodiment Y represents phenyl; which phenyl is
substituted two times with chloro.
[0044] In another embodiment Y represents phenyl; which phenyl is
substituted two or more times with trifluoromethyl.
[0045] In another embodiment Y represents phenyl; which phenyl is
substituted two or more times with cyano.
[0046] In another embodiment Y represents phenyl; which phenyl is
substituted two or more times nitro.
[0047] In another embodiment Y represents phenyl; which phenyl is
substituted two or more times amino.
[0048] In another embodiment the derivative of the invention is a
compound of formula Ia, Ib, IIa, IIb, IIIa, IIIb, IVa, IVb, Va, Vb,
VIa or VIb, wherein R.sup.1 represents hydrogen, alkyl or
alkoxy-alkyl.
[0049] In another embodiment R.sup.1 represents hydrogen.
[0050] In another embodiment R.sup.1 represents alkyl.
[0051] In another embodiment R.sup.1 represents methyl.
[0052] In another embodiment R.sup.1 represents ethyl.
[0053] In another embodiment R.sup.1 represents alkoxy-alkyl.
[0054] In another embodiment R.sup.1 represents methoxy-ethyl.
[0055] In another embodiment the derivative of the invention is a
compound of formula Ia or Ib, wherein Het represents a heterocyclic
group selected from pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, indazolyl,
benzimidazolyl and pyridinyl, which pyrazolyl, imidazolyl,
indazolyl, benzimidazolyl and pyridinyl may optionally be
substituted with one substituent selected from the group consisting
of alkyl, hydroxy-alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkyl-alkyl, alkenyl,
alkynyl, halo, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, hydroxy, alkoxy,
alkoxy-carbonyl, carboxy, cyano, nitro, amino, amino-carbonyl,
N,N-dialkyl-amino-carbonyl, phenyl and benzyl.
[0056] In another embodiment the derivative of the invention is a
compound of formula Ia or Ib, wherein Het represents a heterocyclic
group selected from pyrazolyl and pyridinyl, which pyrazolyl and
pyridinyl may optionally be substituted with one substituent
selected from the group consisting of alkyl, hydroxy-alkyl, halo,
trifluoromethyl, alkoxy-carbonyl, nitro, amino and phenyl.
[0057] In another embodiment the derivative of the invention is a
compound of formula Ia or Ib, wherein Het represents pyrazolyl
optionally substituted one time with alkyl.
[0058] In another embodiment the derivative of the invention is a
compound of formula Ia or Ib, wherein Het represents pyrazolyl
substituted with methyl.
[0059] In another embodiment the derivative of the invention is a
compound of formula Ia or Ib, wherein Het represents pyrazolyl
optionally substituted one time with halo.
[0060] In another embodiment the derivative of the invention is a
compound of formula Ia or Ib, wherein Het represents pyrazolyl
optionally substituted one time with trifluoromethyl.
[0061] In another embodiment the derivative of the invention is a
compound of formula Ia or Ib, wherein Het represents pyrazolyl
optionally substituted one time with nitro.
[0062] In another embodiment the derivative of the invention is a
compound of formula Ia or Ib, wherein Het represents pyrazolyl
optionally substituted one time with amino.
[0063] In another embodiment the derivative of the invention is a
compound of formula Ia or Ib, wherein Het represents pyrazolyl
optionally substituted one time with phenyl.
[0064] In another embodiment the derivative of the invention is a
compound of formula Ia or Ib, wherein Het represents pyrazolyl.
[0065] In another embodiment the derivative of the invention is a
compound of formula Ia or Ib, wherein Het represents pyridinyl.
[0066] In another embodiment the derivative of the invention is a
compound of formula IIa, IIb, IIIa, IIIb, IVa, IVb, Va, Vb, VIa or
VIb, wherein two of R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 represent
hydrogen; and the remaining one of R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4
represents alkyl, hydroxy-alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkyl-alkyl,
alkenyl, alkynyl, halo, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, hydroxy,
alkoxy, alkoxy-carbonyl, carboxy, cyano, nitro, amino,
amino-carbonyl, N,N-dialkyl-amino-carbonyl, phenyl or benzyl.
[0067] In another embodiment two of R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4
represent hydrogen; and the remaining one of R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and
R.sup.4 represents alkyl, hydroxy-alkyl, halo, trifluoromethyl,
alkoxy-carbonyl, nitro, amino or phenyl.
[0068] In another embodiment two of R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4
represent hydrogen; and the remaining one of R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and
R.sup.4 represents alkyl.
[0069] In another embodiment two of R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4
represent hydrogen; and the remaining one of R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and
R.sup.4 represents methyl.
[0070] In another embodiment two of R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4
represent hydrogen; and the remaining one of R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and
R.sup.4 represents halo.
[0071] In another embodiment two of R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4
represent hydrogen; and the remaining one of R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and
R.sup.4 represents trifluoromethyl.
[0072] In another embodiment two of R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4
represent hydrogen; and the remaining one of R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and
R.sup.4 represents hydrogen.
[0073] In another embodiment R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 represent
hydrogen.
[0074] In another embodiment of the invention alkyl represents
methyl.
[0075] In another embodiment of the invention alkyl represents
ethyl.
[0076] In another embodiment of the invention halo represents
fluoro.
[0077] In another embodiment of the invention halo represents
chloro.
[0078] In another embodiment the derivative of the invention is
(3,4-Difluoro-phenyl)-[9-methyl-2-(3-methyl-pyrazol-1-yl)-9H-purin-6-yl]--
amine or a stereoisomer thereof or a mixture of its stereoisomers,
an N-oxide thereof, a prodrug thereof, or a pharmaceutically
acceptable salt thereof.
[0079] Any combination of two or more of the embodiments described
herein is considered within the scope of the present invention.
Definition of Substituents
[0080] In the context of this invention halo represents fluoro,
chloro, bromo or iodo.
[0081] In the context of this invention an alkyl group designates a
univalent saturated, straight or branched hydrocarbon chain. The
hydrocarbon chain preferably contain of from one to eighteen carbon
atoms (C.sub.1-18-alkyl), e.g. from one to six carbon atoms
(C.sub.1-6-alkyl; lower alkyl), including pentyl, isopentyl,
neopentyl, tertiary pentyl, hexyl and isohexyl. In another
embodiment alkyl represents a C.sub.1-4-alkyl group, including
butyl, isobutyl, secondary butyl, and tertiary butyl. In another
embodiment of this invention alkyl represents a C.sub.1-3-alkyl
group, which may in particular be methyl, ethyl, propyl or
isopropyl.
[0082] In the context of this invention an alkenyl group designates
a carbon chain containing one or more double bonds, including
di-enes, tri-enes and poly-enes. In another embodiment the alkenyl
group of the invention comprises of from two to eight carbon atoms
(C.sub.2-8-alkenyl), e.g. from two to six carbon atoms
(C.sub.2-6-alkenyl), including at least one double bond. In another
embodiment the alkenyl group of the invention is ethenyl; 1- or
2-propenyl; 1-, 2- or 3-butenyl, or 1,3-butenyl; 1-, 2-, 3-, 4- or
5-hexenyl, or 1,3-hexenyl, or 1,3,5-hexenyl; 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-,
6-, or 7-octenyl, or 1,3-octenyl, or 1,3,5-octenyl, or
1,3,5,7-octenyl.
[0083] In the context of this invention an alkynyl group designates
a straight or branched carbon chain containing one or more triple
bonds, including di-ynes, tri-ynes and poly-ynes. In another
embodiment the alkynyl group of the invention comprises of from two
to eight carbon atoms (C.sub.2-8-alkynyl), e.g. from two to six
carbon atoms (C.sub.2-6-alkynyl), including at least one triple
bond. In another embodiment the alkynyl group of the invention is
ethynyl; 1-, or 2-propynyl; 1-, 2-, or 3-butynyl, or
1,3-butadiynyl; 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-pentynyl, or 1,3-pentadiynyl; 1-, 2-,
3-, 4-, or 5-hexynyl, or 1,3-hexadiynyl or 1,3,5-hexatriynyl; 1-,
2-, 3-, 4-, 5- or 6-heptynyl, or 1,3-heptdiynyl, or
1,3,5-hepttriynyl; 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6- or 7-octynyl, or
1,3-octdiynyl, or 1,3,5-octtriynyl, or 1,3,5,7-octtetraynyl.
[0084] In the context of this invention a hydroxy-alkyl group
designates an alkyl group as defined above, which hydroxy-alkyl
group is substituted with one or more hydroxy groups. Examples of
hydroxy-alkyl groups of the invention include 2-hydroxy-ethyl,
3-hydroxy-propyl, 4-hydroxy-butyl, 5-hydroxy-pentyl and
6-hydroxy-hexyl.
[0085] In the context of this invention a cycloalkyl group
designates a cyclic alkyl group, preferably containing of from
three to ten carbon atoms (C.sub.3-10-cycloalkyl), e.g. from three
to eight carbon atoms (C.sub.3-8-cycloalkyl), including
cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl and
cyclooctyl; or e.g. from three to six carbon atoms
(C.sub.3-6-cycloalkyl), including cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl,
cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl.
[0086] In the context of this invention a cycloalkyl-alkyl group
designates a cycloalkyl group as defined above, which cycloalkyl
group is substituted on an alkyl group as also defined above.
Examples of cycloalkyl-alkyl groups of the invention include
cyclopropylmethyl and cyclopropylethyl.
[0087] In the context of this invention an alkoxy group designates
an "alkyl-O-"group, wherein alkyl is as defined above. Examples of
alkoxy groups of the invention include methoxy and ethoxy.
[0088] In the context of this invention an alkoxy-alkyl group
designates an "alkyl-O-alkyl-"group, wherein alkyl is as defined
above. Examples of alkoxy-alkyl groups of the invention include
methoxy-methyl, methoxy-ethyl, ethoxy-methyl, and ethoxy-ethyl.
[0089] In the context of this invention an alkoxy-carbonyl group
designates an "alkyl-O--CO-"group, wherein alkyl is as defined
above. Examples of alkoxy-carbonyl groups of the invention include
the methyl-, ethyl- and propyl-ester group. In the context of this
invention an amino-carbonyl group designates an
"amino-CO-"group.
[0090] In the context of this invention an
N,N-dialkyl-amino-carbonyl group designates a (tertiary)
amino-carbonyl group, disubstituted with alkyl groups as defined
above.
Isomers
[0091] The derivatives of the present invention may exist in
different stereoisomeric forms, including enantiomers,
diastereomers, as well as geometric isomers (cis-trans isomers).
The invention includes all such isomers and any mixtures thereof
including racemic mixtures.
[0092] Racemic forms can be resolved into the optical antipodes by
known methods and techniques. One way of separating the
diastereomeric salts is by use of an optically active acid, and
liberating the optically active amine compound by treatment with a
base. Another method for resolving racemates into the optical
antipodes is based upon chromatography on an optical active matrix.
Racemic compounds of the present invention can thus be resolved
into their optical antipodes, e.g., by fractional crystallisation
of d- or l-(tartrates, mandelates, or camphorsulphonate) salts for
example.
[0093] The chemical compounds of the present invention may also be
resolved by the formation of diastereomeric amides by reaction of
the chemical compounds of the present invention with an optically
active activated carboxylic acid such as that derived from (+) or
(-) phenylalanine, (+) or (-) phenylglycine, (+) or (-) camphanic
acid or by the formation of diastereomeric carbamates by reaction
of the chemical compound of the present invention with an optically
active chloroformate or the like.
[0094] Additional methods for the resolving the optical isomers are
known in the art. Such methods include those described by Jaques J,
Collet A, & Wilen S in "Enantiomers, Racemates, and
Resolutions", John Wiley and Sons, New York (1981).
[0095] Moreover, some of the chemical compounds of the invention
being oximes, may thus exist in two forms, syn- and anti-form (Z-
and E-form), depending on the arrangement of the substituents
around the --C.dbd.N-- double bond. A chemical compound of the
present invention may thus be the syn- or the anti-form (Z- and
E-form), or it may be a mixture hereof.
Pharmaceutically Acceptable Salts
[0096] The derivatives of the invention may be provided in any form
suitable for the intended administration. Suitable forms include
pharmaceutically (i.e. physiologically) acceptable salts, and pre-
or prodrug forms of the chemical compound of the invention.
[0097] Examples of pharmaceutically acceptable addition salts
include, without limitation, the non-toxic inorganic and organic
acid addition salts such as the hydrochloride derived from
hydrochloric acid, the hydrobromide derived from hydrobromic acid,
the nitrate derived from nitric acid, the perchlorate derived from
perchloric acid, the phosphate derived from phosphoric acid, the
sulphate derived from sulphuric acid, the formate derived from
formic acid, the acetate derived from acetic acid, the aconate
derived from aconitic acid, the ascorbate derived from ascorbic
acid, the benzenesulfonate derived from benzensulfonic acid, the
benzoate derived from benzoic acid, the cinnamate derived from
cinnamic acid, the citrate derived from citric acid, the embonate
derived from embonic acid, the enantate derived from enanthic acid,
the fumarate derived from fumaric acid, the glutamate derived from
glutamic acid, the glycolate derived from glycolic acid, the
lactate derived from lactic acid, the maleate derived from maleic
acid, the malonate derived from malonic acid, the mandelate derived
from mandelic acid, the methanesulfonate derived from methane
sulphonic acid, the naphthalene-2-sulphonate derived from
naphtalene-2-sulphonic acid, the phthalate derived from phthalic
acid, the salicylate derived from salicylic acid, the sorbate
derived from sorbic acid, the stearate derived from stearic acid,
the succinate derived from succinic acid, the tartrate derived from
tartaric acid, the toluene-p-sulphonate derived from p-toluene
sulphonic acid, and the like. Such salts may be formed by
procedures well known and described in the art.
[0098] Other acids such as oxalic acid, which may not be considered
pharmaceutically acceptable, may be useful in the preparation of
salts useful as intermediates in obtaining a derivative of the
invention and its pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition
salt.
[0099] Metal salts of a chemical compound of the invention include
alkali metal salts, such as the sodium salt of a chemical compound
of the invention containing a carboxy group.
[0100] In the context of this invention the "onium salts" of
N-containing compounds are also contemplated as pharmaceutically
acceptable salts. Examples of "onium salts" include the alkyl-onium
salts, the cycloalkyl-onium salts, and the cycloalkylalkyl-onium
salts.
[0101] The derivative of the invention may be provided in
dissoluble or indissoluble forms together with a pharmaceutically
acceptable solvent such as water, ethanol, and the like. Dissoluble
forms may also include hydrated forms such as the monohydrate, the
dihydrate, the hemihydrate, the trihydrate, the tetrahydrate, and
the like. In general, the dissoluble forms are considered
equivalent to indissoluble forms for the purposes of this
invention.
Methods of Preparation
[0102] The derivatives of the invention may be prepared by
conventional methods of chemical synthesis, e.g. those described in
the working examples. The starting materials for the processes
described in the present application are known or may readily be
prepared by conventional methods from commercially available
chemicals.
[0103] The end products of the reactions described herein may be
isolated by conventional techniques, e.g. by extraction,
crystallisation, distillation, chromatography, etc.
Biological Activity
[0104] The derivatives of the invention have been subjected to in
vitro experiments and found useful as potassium channel modulating
agents. The compounds of the invention are capable of selectively
modulating SK1, SK2 and/or SK3 channels.
[0105] Therefore, in another aspect, the invention relates to the
use of the derivatives of the invention for the manufacture of
medicaments, which medicament may be useful for the treatment or
alleviation of a disease or a disorder associated with the activity
of potassium channels, e.g. SK channels, e.g. SK1, SK2 and/or SK3
channels.
[0106] In another embodiment, the disease or a disorder associated
with the activity of potassium channels is a respiratory disease,
epilepsy, convulsions, seizures, absence seizures, vascular spasms,
coronary artery spasms, renal disorders, polycystic kidney disease,
bladder spasms, overactive bladder (OAB), urinary incontinence,
bladder outflow obstruction, interstitiel cystitis (IC), erectile
dysfunction, gastrointestinal dysfunction, secretory diarrhoea,
ischaemia, cerebral ischaemia, ischaemic heart disease, angina
pectoris, coronary heart disease, autism, ataxia, traumatic brain
injury, Parkinson's disease, bipolar disorder, psychosis,
schizophrenia, anxiety, depression, mania, mood disorders,
dementia, memory and attention deficits, Alzheimer's disease,
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), dysmenorrhea, narcolepsy,
Reynaud's disease, intermittent claudication, Sjogren's syndrome,
arrhythmia, hypertension, myotonic muscle dystrophia, spasticity,
xerostomi, diabetes type II, hyperinsulinemia, premature labour,
baldness, cancer, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), immune
suppression, migraine or pain, e.g. pelvic pain or abdominal pain,
or withdrawal symptoms caused by the termination of abuse of
chemical substances, in particular opioids, heroin, cocaine and
morphine, benzodiazepines and benzodiazepine-like drugs, and
alcohol.
[0107] In another embodiment the disease or a disorder associated
with the activity of potassium channels is a respiratory disease,
urinary incontinence, erectile dysfunction, anxiety, epilepsy,
psychosis, schizophrenia, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) or
pain.
[0108] In another embodiment the disease or a disorder associated
with the activity of potassium channels is a respiratory disease,
in particular asthma, cystic fibrosis, chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease (COPD) or rhinorrhea.
[0109] In another embodiment the disease or a disorder associated
with the activity of potassium channels is overactive bladder, e.g.
urinary incontinence.
[0110] In another embodiment the disease or a disorder associated
with the activity of potassium channels is epilepsy, seizures,
absence seizures or convulsions.
[0111] In another embodiment the disease or a disorder associated
with the activity of potassium channels is schizophrenia.
[0112] In another embodiment the disease or a disorder associated
with the activity of potassium channels is pain.
[0113] The compounds tested showed a biological activity determined
as described herein in the micromolar and sub-micromolar range,
i.e. of from below 1 to above 100 .mu.M e.g. from below 0.1 to
about 10 .mu.M.
Pharmaceutical Compositions
[0114] In yet another aspect the invention provides novel
pharmaceutical compositions comprising a therapeutically effective
amount of the derivatives of the invention.
[0115] While a derivative of the invention for use in therapy may
be administered in the form of the raw chemical compound, it is
preferred to introduce the active ingredient, optionally in the
form of a physiologically acceptable salt, in a pharmaceutical
composition together with one or more adjuvants, excipients,
carriers and/or diluents.
[0116] In another embodiment, the invention provides pharmaceutical
compositions comprising the derivative of the invention, or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt or derivative thereof, together
with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers therefore
and, optionally, other therapeutic and/or prophylactic ingredients.
The carrier(s) must be "acceptable" in the sense of being
compatible with the other ingredients of the formulation and not
deleterious to the recipient thereof.
[0117] Pharmaceutical compositions of the invention may be those
suitable for oral, rectal, bronchial, nasal, topical (including
buccal and sub-lingual), transdermal, vaginal or parenteral
(including cutaneous, subcutaneous, intramuscular, intraperitoneal,
intravenous, intraarterial, intracerebral, intraocular injection or
infusion) administration, or those in a form suitable for
administration by inhalation or insufflation, including powders and
liquid aerosol administration, or by sustained release systems.
Suitable examples of sustained release systems include
semipermeable matrices of solid hydrophobic polymers containing the
compound of the invention, which matrices may be in form of shaped
articles, e.g. films or microcapsules.
[0118] The derivates of the invention, together with a conventional
adjuvant, carrier, or diluent, may thus be placed into the form of
pharmaceutical compositions and unit dosages thereof. Such forms
include solids, and in particular tablets, filled capsules, powder
and pellet forms, and liquids, in particular aqueous or non-aqueous
solutions, suspensions, emulsions, elixirs, and capsules filled
with the same, all for oral use, suppositories for rectal
administration, and sterile injectable solutions for parenteral
use. Such pharmaceutical compositions and unit dosage forms thereof
may comprise conventional ingredients in conventional proportions,
with or without additional active compounds or principles, and such
unit dosage forms may contain any suitable effective amount of the
active ingredient commensurate with the intended daily dosage range
to be employed.
[0119] The derivative of the present invention can be administered
in a wide variety of oral and parenteral dosage forms. It will be
obvious to those skilled in the art that the following dosage forms
may comprise, as the active component, either a chemical compound
of the invention or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a
chemical compound of the invention.
[0120] For preparing pharmaceutical compositions from a chemical
compound of the present invention, pharmaceutically acceptable
carriers can be either solid or liquid. Solid form preparations
include powders, tablets, pills, capsules, cachets, suppositories,
and dispersible granules. A solid carrier can be one or more
substances which may also act as diluents, flavouring agents,
solubilizers, lubricants, suspending agents, binders,
preservatives, tablet disintegrating agents, or an encapsulating
material.
[0121] In powders, the carrier is a finely divided solid which is
in a mixture with the finely divided active component.
[0122] In tablets, the active component is mixed with the carrier
having the necessary binding capacity in suitable proportions and
compacted in the shape and size desired.
[0123] The powders and tablets preferably contain from five or ten
to about seventy percent of the active compound. Suitable carriers
are magnesium carbonate, magnesium stearate, talc, sugar, lactose,
pectin, dextrin, starch, gelatin, tragacanth, methylcellulose,
sodium carboxymethylcellulose, a low melting wax, cocoa butter, and
the like. The term "preparation" is intended to include the
formulation of the active compound with encapsulating material as
carrier providing a capsule in which the active component, with or
without carriers, is surrounded by a carrier, which is thus in
association with it. Similarly, cachets and lozenges are included.
Tablets, powders, capsules, pills, cachets, and lozenges can be
used as solid forms suitable for oral administration.
[0124] For preparing suppositories, a low melting wax, such as a
mixture of fatty acid glyceride or cocoa butter, is first melted
and the active component is dispersed homogeneously therein, as by
stirring. The molten homogenous mixture is then poured into
convenient sized moulds, allowed to cool, and thereby to
solidify.
[0125] Compositions suitable for vaginal administration may be
presented as pessaries, tampons, creams, gels, pastes, foams or
sprays containing in addition to the active ingredient such
carriers as are known in the art to be appropriate.
[0126] Liquid preparations include solutions, suspensions, and
emulsions, for example, water or water-propylene glycol solutions.
For example, parenteral injection liquid preparations can be
formulated as solutions in aqueous polyethylene glycol
solution.
[0127] The derivative according to the present invention may thus
be formulated for parenteral administration (e.g. by injection, for
example bolus injection or continuous infusion) and may be
presented in unit dose form in ampoules, pre-filled syringes, small
volume infusion or in multi-dose containers with an added
preservative. The compositions may take such forms as suspensions,
solutions, or emulsions in oily or aqueous vehicles, and may
contain formulation agents such as suspending, stabilising and/or
dispersing agents. Alternatively, the active ingredient may be in
powder form, obtained by aseptic isolation of sterile solid or by
lyophilization from solution, for constitution with a suitable
vehicle, e.g. sterile, pyrogen-free water, before use.
[0128] Aqueous solutions suitable for oral use can be prepared by
dissolving the active component in water and adding suitable
colorants, flavours, stabilising and thickening agents, as
desired.
[0129] Aqueous suspensions suitable for oral use can be made by
dispersing the finely divided active component in water with
viscous material, such as natural or synthetic gums, resins,
methylcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, or other well known
suspending agents.
[0130] Also included are solid form preparations which are intended
to be converted, shortly before use, to liquid form preparations
for oral administration. Such liquid forms include solutions,
suspensions, and emulsions. These preparations may contain, in
addition to the active component, colorants, flavours, stabilisers,
buffers, artificial and natural sweeteners, dispersants,
thickeners, solubilizing agents, and the like.
[0131] For topical administration to the epidermis the chemical
compound according to the invention may be formulated as ointments,
creams or lotions, or as a transdermal patch. Ointments and creams
may, for example, be formulated with an aqueous or oily base with
the addition of suitable thickening and/or gelling agents. Lotions
may be formulated with an aqueous or oily base and will in general
also contain one or more emulsifying agents, stabilising agents,
dispersing agents, suspending agents, thickening agents, or
colouring agents.
[0132] Compositions suitable for topical administration in the
mouth include lozenges comprising the active agent in a flavoured
base, usually sucrose and acacia or tragacanth; pastilles
comprising the active ingredient in an inert base such as gelatin
and glycerine or sucrose and acacia; and mouthwashes comprising the
active ingredient in a suitable liquid carrier.
[0133] Solutions or suspensions are applied directly to the nasal
cavity by conventional means, for example with a dropper, pipette
or spray. The compositions may be provided in single or multi-dose
form. In the latter case of a dropper or pipette, this may be
achieved by the patient administering an appropriate, predetermined
volume of the solution or suspension. In the case of a spray, this
may be achieved for example by means of a metering atomising spray
pump.
[0134] Administration to the respiratory tract may also be achieved
by means of an aerosol formulation in which the active ingredient
is provided in a pressurised pack with a suitable propellant such
as a chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) for example dichlorodi-fluoromethane,
trichlorofluoromethane, or dichlorotetrafluoroethane, carbon
dioxide, or other suitable gas. The aerosol may conveniently also
contain a surfactant such as lecithin. The dose of drug may be
controlled by provision of a metered valve.
[0135] Alternatively the active ingredients may be provided in the
form of a dry powder, for example a powder mix of the compound in a
suitable powder base such as lactose, starch, starch derivatives
such as hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose and polyvinylpyrrolidone
(PVP). Conveniently the powder carrier will form a gel in the nasal
cavity. The powder composition may be presented in unit dose form
for example in capsules or cartridges of, e.g., gelatin, or blister
packs from which the powder may be administered by means of an
inhaler.
[0136] In compositions intended for administration to the
respiratory tract, including intranasal compositions, the compound
will generally have a small particle size for example of the order
of 5 microns or less. Such a particle size may be obtained by means
known in the art, for example by micronization.
[0137] When desired, compositions adapted to give sustained release
of the active ingredient may be employed.
[0138] The pharmaceutical preparations are preferably in unit
dosage forms. In such form, the preparation is subdivided into unit
doses containing appropriate quantities of the active component.
The unit dosage form can be a packaged preparation, the package
containing discrete quantities of preparation, such as packaged
tablets, capsules, and powders in vials or ampoules. Also, the unit
dosage form can be a capsule, tablet, cachet, or lozenge itself, or
it can be the appropriate number of any of these in packaged
form.
[0139] In one embodiment, the invention provides tablets or
capsules for oral administration
[0140] In another embodiment, the invention provides and liquids
for intravenous administration and continuous infusion.
[0141] Further details on techniques for formulation and
administration may be found in the latest edition of Remington's
Pharmaceutical Sciences (Maack Publishing Co., Easton, Pa.).
[0142] A therapeutically effective dose refers to that amount of
active ingredient which ameliorates the symptoms or condition.
Therapeutic efficacy and toxicity, e.g. ED.sub.50 and LD.sub.50,
may be determined by standard pharmacological procedures in cell
cultures or experimental animals. The dose ratio between
therapeutic and toxic effects is the therapeutic index and may be
expressed by the ratio LD.sub.50/ED.sub.50. Pharmaceutical
compositions which exhibit large therapeutic indexes are
preferred.
[0143] The dose administered must of course be carefully adjusted
to the age, weight and condition of the individual being treated,
as well as the route of administration, dosage form and regimen,
and the result desired, and the exact dosage should of course be
determined by the practitioner.
[0144] The actual dosage depends on the nature and severity of the
disease being treated and the route of administration, and is
within the discretion of the physician, and may be varied by
titration of the dosage to the particular circumstances of this
invention to produce the desired therapeutic effect. However, it is
presently contemplated that pharmaceutical compositions containing
of from about 0.1 to about 500 mg of active ingredient per
individual dose, e.g. from about 1 to about 100 mg, e.g. from about
1 to about 10 mg, are suitable for therapeutic treatments.
[0145] The active ingredient may be administered in one or several
doses per day. A satisfactory result can, in certain instances, be
obtained at a dosage as low as 0.1 .mu.g/kg i.v. and 1 .mu.g/kg
p.o. The upper limit of the dosage range is presently considered to
be about 10 mg/kg i.v. and 100 mg/kg p.o. Other ranges are from
about 0.1 mg/kg to about 10 mg/kg/day i.v., and from about 1
.mu.g/kg to about 100 mg/kg/day p.o.
Methods of Therapy
[0146] In another aspect the invention provides a method for the
prevention, treatment or alleviation of a disease or a disorder or
a condition of a living animal body, including a human, which
disease, disorder or condition is responsive to modulation of
potassium channels, in particular SK channels, and which method
comprises comprising administering to such a living animal body,
including a human, in need thereof a therapeutically-effective
amount of a derivative of the invention.
[0147] The indications contemplated according to the invention are
those stated above.
[0148] It is at present contemplated that suitable dosage ranges
are 0.1 to 1000 milligrams daily, 10-500 milligrams daily, or
30-100 milligrams daily, dependent as usual upon the exact mode of
administration, form in which administered, the indication toward
which the administration is directed, the subject involved and the
body weight of the subject involved, and further the preference and
experience of the physician or veterinarian in charge.
[0149] A satisfactory result can, in certain instances, be obtained
at a dosage as low as 0.005 mg/kg i.v. and 0.01 mg/kg p.o. The
upper limit of the dosage range is about 10 mg/kg i.v. and 100
mg/kg p.o. Other ranges are from about 0.001 to about 1 mg/kg i.v.
and from about 0.1 to about 10 mg/kg p.o.
EXAMPLES
[0150] The invention is further illustrated with reference to the
following examples, which are not intended to be in any way
limiting to the scope of the invention as claimed.
Example 1
2,6-Dichloro-9-methyl-9H-purine and 2,6-Dichloro-7-methyl-7H-purine
(Intermediate compounds)
##STR00008##
[0152] Sodium hydride (60% in mineral oil, 2.53 g, 63.5 mmol) was
added to an ice-cooled solution of 2,6-dichloropurine (10.0 g, 52.9
mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (75 mL) and the mixture was stirred for 30
min. Methyl iodide (3.29 mL, 52.9 mmol) was added drop-wise and the
reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature over night. Water
was added and the aqueous phase was extracted twice with ethyl
acetate. The combined organic phases were dried over magnesium
sulphate, filtrated and concentrated in vacuo. Dichloromethane was
added and undissolved material was filtered off. The crystalline
compound turned out to be 2,6-dichloro-7-methyl-7H-purine (1.19 g,
11%) The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo and purified by flash
chromatography with ethyl acetate/hepatane as eluent to give
2,6-dichloro-9-methyl-9H-purine (3.0 g, 28%).
Example 2
N-(3,4-Difluoro-phenyl)-formamide (Intermediate compound)
##STR00009##
[0154] 3,4-Difluoroaniline (5.0 g, 30.9 mmol) and formic acid (25
mL, 663 mmol) were heated to reflux for 30 min. The mixture was
concentrated in vacuo. Saturated aqueous sodium carbonate was added
and the aqueous phase was extracted twice with ethyl acetate. The
combined organic phases were dried over magnesium sulphate,
filtered and concentrated in vacuo to give
N-(3,4-difluoro-phenyl)-formamide (5.5 g, 94%) as a beige
crystalline compound.
Example 3
(2-Chloro-9-methyl-9H-purin-6-yl)-(3,4-difluoro-phenyl)-amine
(Intermediate compound)
##STR00010##
[0156] N-(3,4-difluoro-phenyl)-formamide (1.31 g, 8.4 mmol) was
dissolved in N,N-dimethylformamide (10 mL). Sodium hydride (60% in
mineral oil, 402 mg, 10.1 mmol) was added and the mixture was
stirred for 30 min. 2,6-Dichloro-9-methyl-9H-purine (1.7 g, 8.4
mmol) was added and the reaction mixture was heated to reflux for
one hour, cooled to room temperature and poured into water. The
beige solid was collected by filtration, washed with water and
dried to give
(2-chloro-9-methyl-9H-purin-6-yl)-(3,4-difluoro-phenyl)-amine (2.5
g, 100%) as a beige solid.
Example 4
(3,4-Difluoro-phenyl)-(2-hydrazino-9-methyl-9H-purin-6-yl)-amine
(Intermediate compound)
##STR00011##
[0158]
(2-Chloro-9-methyl-9H-purin-6-yl)-(3,4-difluoro-phenyl)-amine (2.42
g, 8.18 mmol) was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (40 mL). Hydrazine
monohydrate (20 mL, 403 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture
was heated to reflux over night. The next day water was added and
the resulting solid was collected, washed with water and dried to
give
(3,4-difluoro-phenyl)-(2-hydrazino-9-methyl-9H-purin-6-yl)-amine
(2.15 g, 90%) as a grey crystalline compound.
Example 5
(3,4-Difluoro-phenyl)-[9-methyl-2-(3-methyl-pyrazol-1-yl)-9H-purin-6-yl]-a-
mine (Compound 5.1)
##STR00012##
[0160]
(3,4-Difluoro-phenyl)-(2-hydrazino-9-methyl-9H-purin-6-yl)-amine
(1.88 g, 6.45 mmol) and acetylacetaldehyde dimethyl acetal (1.2 mL,
9.04 mmol) in ethanol (40 mL) were heated to reflux over night.
Upon cooling a white precipitate was formed. The white crystals was
collected by filtration, washed with ethanol and dried to give
(3,4-difluoro-phenyl)-[-methyl-2-(3-methyl-pyrazol-1-yl)-9H-purin-6-yl]-a-
mine (1.07 g, 49%) as a white crystalline compound.
[0161] LC-ESI-HRMS of [M+H]+ shows 342.1282 Da. Calc. 342.127874
Da, dev. 1 ppm.
Example 6
Biological Activity
[0162] The example below demonstrates the biological activity of
the compound of the invention. The ionic current through
small-conductance Ca.sup.2+-activated K.sup.+ channels (SK
channels, subtype 3) is recorded using the whole-cell configuration
of the patch-clamp technique in a classic patch-clamp set-up using
HEK293 tissue culture cells expressing hSK3 channels as described
in e.g. WO 2006/100212.
[0163] The SC.sub.100 value determined is defined as the
Stimulating Concentration required for increasing the baseline
current by 100%. The below SC.sub.100 value is an indication of the
SK3 activating properties of the compound of the invention.
TABLE-US-00001 Compound The SC.sub.100 (.mu.M) 5.1 0.04
* * * * *