U.S. patent application number 12/697127 was filed with the patent office on 2010-05-13 for apparatus, systems, and methods for gathering and processing biometric and biomechanical data.
This patent application is currently assigned to Applied Technology Holdings, Inc.. Invention is credited to Lee Norman Cusey, Jay Allen Shears, Harold Dan Stirling.
Application Number | 20100117837 12/697127 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 41138006 |
Filed Date | 2010-05-13 |
United States Patent
Application |
20100117837 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Stirling; Harold Dan ; et
al. |
May 13, 2010 |
APPARATUS, SYSTEMS, AND METHODS FOR GATHERING AND PROCESSING
BIOMETRIC AND BIOMECHANICAL DATA
Abstract
Apparatus, systems, and methods are provided for measuring and
analyzing movements of a body and for communicating information
related to such body movements over a network. In certain
embodiments, a system gathers biometric and biomechanical data
relating to positions, orientations, and movements of various body
parts of a user performed during sports activities, physical
rehabilitation, or military or law enforcement activities. The
biometric and biomechanical data can be communicated to a local
and/or remote interface, which uses digital performance assessment
tools to provide a performance evaluation to the user. The
performance evaluation may include a graphical representation
(e.g., a video), statistical information, and/or a comparison to
another user and/or instructor. In some embodiments, the biometric
and biomechanical data is communicated wirelessly to one or more
devices including a processor, display, and/or data storage medium
for further analysis, archiving, and data mining. In some
embodiments, the device includes a cellular telephone.
Inventors: |
Stirling; Harold Dan;
(Mission Viejo, CA) ; Shears; Jay Allen; (Mission
Viejo, CA) ; Cusey; Lee Norman; (Laguna Niguel,
CA) |
Correspondence
Address: |
KNOBBE MARTENS OLSON & BEAR LLP
2040 MAIN STREET, FOURTEENTH FLOOR
IRVINE
CA
92614
US
|
Assignee: |
Applied Technology Holdings,
Inc.
Laguna Niguel
CA
|
Family ID: |
41138006 |
Appl. No.: |
12/697127 |
Filed: |
January 29, 2010 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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12488491 |
Jun 19, 2009 |
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12697127 |
|
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|
11601438 |
Nov 17, 2006 |
7602301 |
|
|
12488491 |
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60757915 |
Jan 9, 2006 |
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60765382 |
Feb 3, 2006 |
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60772612 |
Feb 10, 2006 |
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60781612 |
Mar 10, 2006 |
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60794268 |
Apr 21, 2006 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
340/573.1 ;
348/77; 348/E7.085; 382/107 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61B 5/1124 20130101;
A63B 24/0062 20130101; G16H 20/30 20180101; A63B 2225/20 20130101;
A61B 5/6804 20130101; A61B 5/6824 20130101; A63B 2024/0012
20130101; A63B 2220/40 20130101; G16H 80/00 20180101; A61B 5/7405
20130101; A63B 69/3608 20130101; A61B 5/1127 20130101; A63B 2220/13
20130101; A61B 5/1114 20130101; A63B 2225/50 20130101; A61B
2562/0219 20130101; A63B 2209/08 20130101; A63B 2220/24 20130101;
A63B 2220/30 20130101; A63B 2220/836 20130101; A63B 5/11 20130101;
A63B 24/0006 20130101; A63B 2220/10 20130101; A63B 2220/803
20130101; A61B 5/4528 20130101; G06F 3/011 20130101; A63B 69/3623
20130101; A63B 2209/10 20130101; A63B 69/3667 20130101; G16H 40/67
20180101 |
Class at
Publication: |
340/573.1 ;
348/77; 382/107; 348/E07.085 |
International
Class: |
G08B 23/00 20060101
G08B023/00; H04N 7/18 20060101 H04N007/18; G06K 9/00 20060101
G06K009/00 |
Claims
1. A system for gathering body movement data related to sports
activities, the system comprising: a first sensor associated with a
first body portion, the first sensor being configured for sensing
movement of the first body portion during a sports activity, which
involves movement of the first body portion within a first range of
speeds; a second sensor associated with a second body portion, the
second sensor being configured for sensing movement of the second
body portion during the same sports activity, which involves
movement of the second body portion within a second range of
speeds, the average of which is faster than the first range of
speeds; a third sensor associated with a third body portion, the
third sensor being configured for sensing movement of the third
body portion during the same sports activity, which involves
movement of the third body portion within a third range of speeds,
the average of which is faster than the second range of speeds; a
control unit configured to receive data from at least the first,
second and third sensors; and a processor configured to communicate
with the control unit and generate information related to the
sensors; wherein the first sensor is configured to sense body
movement at a first sampling rate, the second sensor is configured
to sense body movement at a second sampling rate, the third sensor
is configured to sense body movement at a third sampling rate, the
second sampling rate is faster than the first sampling rate such
that the movement of the second body portion is recorded with
higher resolution than the movement of the first body portion, and
the third sampling rate is faster than the second sampling rate
such that the movement of the third body portion is recorded with
higher resolution than the movement of the second body portion.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the first sampling rate is in the
range of 1 Hz to 100 Hz, the second sampling rate is in the range
of 100 Hz to 1000 Hz, and the third sampling rate is greater than
1000 Hz.
3. The system of claim 1, wherein: the first body portion is
selected from the group consisting of a head, an ankle, a waist, or
a lower leg; the second body portion is selected from the group
consisting of a shoulder, hip, upper leg or upper arm; and the
third body portion is selected from the group consisting of an arm,
hand or foot.
4. A sports movement data apparatus comprising: a single first
sensor having a first sampling rate that is associated with a first
body portion of a user, the single first sensor being configured
for sensing movement of the first body portion at the first
sampling rate during activity that involves movement of the first
body portion within a first range of speeds; a single second sensor
having a second sampling rate that is associated with a second body
portion of the user, the single second sensor being configured for
sensing movement of the second body portion at the second sampling
rate during activity that involves movement of the second body
portion within a second range of speeds, the average of which is
slower than the first range of speeds; a control unit configured to
receive data from at least the first and second sensors; and a
processor configured to communicate with the control unit and
obtain information related to at least one of the first and second
sensors; wherein the single first sensor is configured to sense
body movement at the first sampling rate, the single second sensor
is configured to sense body movement at the second sampling rate,
and the first sampling rate is faster than the second sampling rate
such that the movement of the first body portion is recorded with
higher resolution than the movement of the second body portion.
5. The system of claim 4, wherein the first sampling rate that is
associated with a first body portion of a user is a sampling rate
at which the processor receives first-sensor data, and the second
sampling rate that is associated with a second body portion of the
user is a sampling rate at which the processor receives
second-sensor data.
6. The system of claim 4, wherein the single first sensor is
configured for sensing movement of the first body portion at the
first sampling rate during a first time period, and the single
second sensor is configured for sensing movement of the second body
portion at a second time period.
7. The system of claim 6, wherein the first time period overlaps
with the second time period.
8. The system of claim 6, wherein the single first sensor and the
single second sensor are configured for sensing movement at the
first sampling rate during the first time period, and the single
first sensor and the single second sensor are configured for
sensing movement at the second sampling rate during the second time
period.
9. The system of claim 4, wherein the first body portion is an
appendage of a user.
10. The system of claim 4, wherein the first and second sensors are
attached to or integrated into a garment worn by a user.
11. The system of claim 4, wherein the sampling rates of the
sensors are configured to be adjusted by a user.
12. The system of claim 4, wherein the control unit is configured
to be worn or carried by a user.
13. The system of claim 4, wherein the user is a human.
14. A method of evaluating a user's body movement, the method
comprising: providing a plurality of sensors for association with
portions of a user's body, including providing at least a single
first sensor having a first sampling rate and a single second
sensor having a second sampling rate; associating a control unit
with the user, the control unit being configured to receive data
from the plurality of sensors; configuring a processor to
communicate with the control unit and process information related
to the movement of the sensors; associating the single first sensor
with a first portion of the user's body, the first portion being
expected to move faster than a second portion of the user's body
during a planned activity for which movement is to be evaluated;
associating the single second sensor with the second portion of the
user's body; and configuring the single first sensor to achieve a
faster sampling rate than the single second sensor in order to
allow sufficient data for evaluating the movement of the first and
second body portions during the planned activity.
15. The method of claim 14, wherein associating at least the single
first sensor with a first portion of the user's body comprises
associating the single first sensor with an arm or hand.
16. A method of tracking body motion of a mover, the method
comprising: providing multiple sensors, each of which comprises at
least a multi-axis accelerometer for measurement of
three-dimensional movement and a gyroscopic sensor for measurement
of orientation; associating a single first one of the sensors with
a first body portion of a mover and associating a single second one
of the sensors with a second body portion of the mover; determining
a sample rate for each of the sensors--wherein the sample rate for
the single first one of the sensors associated with a faster moving
body portion is higher than the sample rate for the single second
one of the other sensors associated with a slower moving body
portion--and causing each sensor to begin sampling at the
determined sample rate; using the multiple sensors to collect
biometric data showing movement of the mover's body portions when
the mover moves; providing a first processor; communicating the
biometric data from the sensors to the first processor;
communicating the biometric data to a second processor comprising a
learning center configured as a web-connected computer system;
providing for access by a user to the learning center; displaying a
three-dimensional animation of the movement of the mover's body
portions resulting from the data; and storing the biometric data in
a database for comparison and analysis.
17. The method of claim 16, wherein providing a first processor
comprises providing a master control unit that accompanies the
mover during the movement to be tracked.
18. The method of claim 16, further comprising providing access to
the biometric data through a user interface in real time, wherein
real time comprises less than one minute after the movement has
occurred.
19. The method of claim 16 with additional steps for tracking body
motion of a second mover, the method comprising: providing
additional sensors for a second mover, each additional sensor
comprising at least a multi-axis accelerometer for measurement of
three-dimensional movement and a gyroscopic sensor for measurement
of orientation; associating one of the additional sensors with a
first body portion of the second mover and associating another one
of the additional sensors with a second body portion of the second
mover; using the multiple sensors to collect biometric data showing
movement of the second mover's body portions when the second mover
moves; communicating the biometric data from the additional sensors
to a processor; storing the biometric data of the second mover in
the database for comparison and analysis; and allowing for display
and comparison of biometric data from multiple movers.
20. The method of claim 19, wherein allowing for display and
comparison of biometric data from multiple movers comprises
displaying a three-dimensional animation of the biometric data
representing movement of one or more of the movers.
Description
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser.
No. 12/488,491, filed Jun. 19, 2009, titled "APPARATUS, SYSTEMS AND
METHODS FOR GATHERING AND PROCESSING BIOMETRIC AND BIOMECHANICAL
DATA" (Atty. docket No.: ATH.004C1), which is a continuation of
U.S. application Ser. No. 11/601,438, filed Nov. 17, 2006, and now
issued as U.S. Pat. No. 7,602,301, titled "APPARATUS, SYSTEMS, AND
METHODS FOR GATHERING AND PROCESSING BIOMETRIC AND BIOMECHANICAL
DATA" (Atty. docket No.: ATH.004A), which claims benefit under 35
U.S.C. .sctn.119(e) to each of the following provisional patent
applications: U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/757,915,
filed Jan. 9, 2006, titled "APPARATUS, SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR
GATHERING AND PROCESSING BIOMETRIC DATA" (Atty. docket No.:
ATH.001PR); U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/765,382,
filed Feb. 3, 2006, titled "APPARATUS, SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR
GATHERING AND PROCESSING BIOMETRIC DATA" (Atty. docket No.:
ATH.002PR); U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/772,612,
filed Feb. 10, 2006, titled "APPARATUS, SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR
GATHERING AND PROCESSING BIOMETRIC DATA" (Atty. docket No.:
ATH.004PR); U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/781,612,
filed Mar. 10, 2006, titled "APPARATUS, SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR
GATHERING AND PROCESSING BIOMETRIC DATA" (Atty. docket No.:
ATH.004PR2); and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No.
60/794,268, filed Apr. 21, 2006, titled "APPARATUS, SYSTEMS, AND
METHODS FOR GATHERING AND PROCESSING BIOMETRIC AND BIOMECHANICAL
DATA" (Atty. docket No.: ATH.004PR3). This application is also
related to U.S. application Ser. No. ______ (Atty. docket No.:
ATH.004C3) and Ser. No. ______ (Atty. docket No. ATH.004C4) filed
on even date herewith. The entirety of each of the above-listed
documents is hereby incorporated by reference herein, and each is
hereby made a part of this specification.
BACKGROUND OF THE DISCLOSURE
[0002] 1. Field of the Disclosure
[0003] The present disclosure relates to apparatus, systems, and
methods for measuring and analyzing movements of a body and for
communicating information related to such body movements over a
network.
[0004] 2. Description of the Related Art
[0005] Participants in sports, athletics, and recreational
activities often desire to measure their progress relative to their
earlier performance or to a performance benchmark such as a famous
athlete. Coaches and trainers may desire to monitor the performance
of a player or a team as a whole. Medical patients who have
suffered an injury that restricts movement of a limb or joint may
desire to track their improvement during rehabilitation, and an
attending health care provider may desire an object measurement of
the improvement.
[0006] Sensors can be attached to portions of the body to measure
body movements. Data from the sensors can be analyzed to determine
characteristics of the body movement (e.g., a range of motion). In
some cases, the player or the patient is at one location where he
or she performs movements measured by the sensors, while the coach
or health care provider is at another location distant from the
player or patient. In such cases, it may be inconvenient or
difficult to communicate sensor measurements to the coach or
healthcare provider resulting in delays in coaching instruction or
diagnosis. The present disclosure addresses this and other
problems.
SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE
[0007] Various non-limiting embodiments of apparatus, systems, and
methods for gathering and processing biometric and biomechanical
data are disclosed herein. An embodiment of a body movement sensor
system comprises at least two sensors associated with an appendage
of a user and a transceiver configured to accompany the user during
a sports activity. The transceiver is further configured to
communicate with the sensors and transmit data received from the
sensors. The system also comprises a first processor that is
configured to remotely receive the data from the sensors and
process the data. The first processor has an interface to
illustrate characteristics of the user's performance in real time.
The system also comprises a second processor configured to receive
and store the data for research or archival purposes.
[0008] In an embodiment of the body movement sensor system, at
least one of the sensors comprises a three-axis sensor. For
example, the three-axis sensor can comprise a three-axis
accelerometer, a three-axis magnetometer, and/or a three-axis
gyroscopic detector. In some embodiments, at least one of the
sensors is substantially water resistant.
[0009] In some embodiments of the body movement sensor system, at
least one of the sensors is associated with an appendage of a user
using a hook and loop material. In certain embodiments of the
system, least one of the sensors is associated with an appendage of
a user by being attached to a garment. In certain such embodiments,
the garment is configured not to substantially interfere with
movements of the user during the sports activity. Also, in certain
such embodiments, the garment is configured to substantially
conform to the appendage of the user.
[0010] In various embodiments of the body movement sensor system,
the sensors are configured to substantially maintain their
orientation and position relative to the appendage during the
sports activity. In certain embodiments of the body movement sensor
system, the appendage comprises a portion of an arm and/or a
leg.
[0011] In certain embodiments of the body movement sensor system,
the transceiver is further configured to communicate with the
sensors through wires. In other embodiments, the transceiver is
further configured to communicate with the sensors wirelessly. In
an embodiment of the body movement sensor system, the system
further comprises at least four sensors, two of which are
associated with a leg and two others of which are associated with
an arm of a user.
[0012] In certain embodiments of the body movement sensor system,
the first processor is disposed in a cellular telephone. In certain
such embodiments, the first processor comprises the cellular
telephone. In some embodiments of the body movement sensor system,
the second processor is configured to store received data in a
short-term data storage device and to transfer at least some of the
received data from the short-term data storage device to a
long-term data storage device for the archival purposes. In certain
such embodiments, the second processor is configured to transfer at
least some of the received data after the data has been stored in
the short-term data storage device for a threshold time. In some
embodiments of the system, the data is organized for efficient
communication over a wireless channel.
[0013] In some embodiments of the system, the research purposes
comprise extracting implicit, previously unknown, and potentially
useful information. In certain embodiments of the system, the
research purposes comprise medical research related to body
movements.
[0014] An embodiment of a measurement system is disclosed. The
measurement system comprises at least one sensor configured to
associate with a body portion and output data relating to the body
portion. The system also comprises a first processor configured to
receive and process the data, a second processor configured to
receive and process the data, and a transceiver configured to
communicate with the sensor and communicate wirelessly with the
first processor and the second processor. The data is organized for
efficient communication over a wireless channel.
[0015] In some embodiments of the measurement system, the data
comprises a plurality of packets having an ID header and a packet
length. In some such embodiments, the packet length is selected to
efficiently utilize a bandwidth of the wireless channel. In one
embodiment, the packet length is about 1 second.
[0016] Another embodiment of a measurement system is disclosed. In
this embodiment, the measurement system comprises at least one
sensor configured to associate with a body portion and output data
relating to the body portion. This system also includes a first
processor configured to receive and process the data, a second
processor configured to receive and process the data, and a
transceiver configured to communicate with the sensor and
communicate wirelessly with the first processor and the second
processor. In this embodiment, the at least one sensor is
configured to operate at a sample rate that is adjustable.
[0017] In some embodiments of this measurement system, the sample
rate is adjusted by the transceiver, the first processor, or the
second processor. In another embodiment of the system, the sample
rate may be adjusted by a user. In certain embodiments of the
system, the sample rate is in a range from about 1 Hz to about 10
kHz. In some embodiments, the sample rate is about 2 kHz. In
various embodiments of the measurement system, the sample rate can
correspond to a Nyquist sample rate for motion of the body part to
which the sensor is associated. In certain embodiments, at least
one of the first processor and the second processor comprises a
cellular telephone.
[0018] A further embodiment of a measurement system is disclosed
herein. This measurement system comprises at least one sensor
configured to associate with a body portion and to output data
relating to the body portion. The system also includes a first
processor configured to receive and process the data, a second
processor configured to receive and process the data, and a
transceiver configured to communicate with the sensor and
communicate wirelessly with the first processor and the second
processor. The data is stored by a storage system.
[0019] In some embodiments of this measurement system, the system
further comprises a third processor configured to search the data
stored in the storage system. In some of these embodiments, the
third processor is configured to extract from the data stored in
the storage system implicit, previously unknown, and potentially
useful information. In certain embodiments of the measurement
system, the storage system comprises a short-term storage system
configured to store data having an age less than a threshold, and a
long-term storage system configured to store data having an age
greater than the threshold.
[0020] An embodiment of a body movement monitoring system comprises
body movement sensors configured to sense and transmit data
relating to at least one of position, orientation, velocity, or
acceleration of the sensor. The system also comprises a master
control unit configured to receive information from the sensors and
transmit that information wirelessly and a storage medium having
reference information for comparison to the sensor information. The
system also includes a first processor configured to analyze the
sensor information, compare it to reference information, and
generate visual images related to the sensor information. The
system also includes a display device allowing the user to view the
visual images during or shortly after the body movements have been
made and a storage medium for retaining the sensor information for
later comparison.
[0021] In some embodiments of this body movement monitoring system,
at least one of the body movement sensors comprises an
accelerometer, a magnetometer, or a gyroscopic sensor. In certain
embodiments of the system, at least one of the body movement
sensors is configured to be substantially water resistant. In
certain embodiments of the body movement monitoring system, the
first processor comprises a cellular telephone having a graphics
display and the display device comprises the graphics display.
[0022] An embodiment of a golfer alignment system is disclosed. The
system comprises a first sensor associated with the head of a user,
a second sensor associated with the upper torso of the user, and a
third sensor associated with the lower torso of the user. The
system further includes a portable master control unit configured
to be worn or carried by the user and a remote processor having a
user interface and a wireless receiver. The master control unit is
configured to receive data from at least two sensors, and the
remote processor is configured to communicate wirelessly with the
portable master control unit and provide information related to at
least one of the user's stance, alignment, or swing to the user in
real time.
[0023] In some embodiments, the golfer alignment system further
comprises at least one foot sensor. In certain embodiments of the
system, the user interface of the remote processor comprises a
stance-width indicator that can display information relating to
data received from any foot sensors, and the information relates to
the distance between the user's feet. In other embodiments, the
user interface of the remote processor comprises a at least one
foot alignment indicator that can display information relating to
data received from any foot sensors, and the information relates to
the alignment of the user's feet. In some of these embodiments, the
user interface further comprises a visible reference line for use
in aligning the user interface with the golf target line. In
certain embodiments of the system, the user interface of the remote
processor further comprises a human form representation having
indicators showing the user any stance changes needed and which
portion of the body the stance change should affect.
[0024] In an embodiment of the golfer alignment system, the
indicators comprise light-emitting diodes. In certain embodiments
of the system, the remote processor comprises a cellular telephone.
In some embodiments, at least one of the first, second, and third
sensors is configured to be associated with a garment worn by the
user. In some of these embodiments, at least one of the first,
second, and third sensors is configured to be associated with the
garment by a hook-and-loop fastener. For some embodiments, at least
one of the first, second, and third sensors is configured to be
associated with the garment by being disposed in a sensor cavity in
the garment. In certain of these embodiments, at least one of the
first, second, and third sensors and the sensor cavity are shaped
or sized to resist relative movement therebetween.
[0025] Also disclosed herein is a method of evaluating a golfer's
form. The method comprises associating a plurality of sensors with
portions of a golfer's body and associating a master control with
the golfer. The master control unit is configured to receive data
from the plurality of sensors. The method includes calibrating the
plurality of sensors and the master control unit to provide a
calibration position. In this method, the golfer assumes a golfing
stance with respect to a target line and data from the plurality of
sensors is analyzed to evaluate the golfer's form.
[0026] In certain embodiments of the method of evaluating a
golfer's form, the action of associating a plurality of sensors
with portions of a golfer's body comprises associating a first
sensor with the head of the golfer, associating a second sensor
with the upper torso of the golfer and associating a third sensor
with the lower torso of the golfer. In some embodiments of the
disclosed method, the action of associating a master control unit
with the golfer comprises attaching the master control unit to a
portion of the golfer's clothes.
[0027] In some embodiments of the method of evaluating a golfer's
form, the action of calibrating the plurality of sensors comprises
assuming the calibration position (by the golfer) and communicating
information related to the calibration position to the master
control unit. In some of these embodiments, the calibration
position comprises a balanced, erect position of the golfer. In
another embodiment, the golfer's action of assuming the calibration
position comprises standing such that the golfer's left and right
shoulders are each located distances away from the ground that are
substantially the same and standing such that the golfer's left and
right hips are each located distances away from the ground that are
substantially the same.
[0028] In various embodiments of the method, the golfer's form
comprises the golfer's stance, alignment, or swing. In some of
these embodiments, the action of analyzing data from the plurality
of sensors comprises at least one of determining a width of the
golfer's stance, an alignment of regions of the golfer's body, and
a lean in an address position of the golfer. In certain of these
embodiments, the regions of the golfer's body include the golfer's
head, feet, hips, or shoulders.
[0029] Embodiments of the method of evaluating a golfer's form
further comprise aligning an interface box with the target line.
The interface box is configured to communicate with the master
control unit so as to provide visual or audible information to the
golfer. In some of these embodiments, the visual or audible
information relates to the golfer's stance, alignment, or swing. In
certain embodiments, the visual information comprises activating a
light-emitting diode. The audible information comprises activating
a sound-emitting device in some embodiments. The method of
evaluating a golfer's form may further comprise performing a golf
swing (by the golfer) and activating a rhythm indicator in response
to the golf swing.
[0030] Embodiments of a system for evaluating a body movement are
disclosed, wherein the system comprises a first sensor associated
with a first body portion of a user, a second sensor associated
with a second body portion of the user, and a third sensor
associated with a third body portion of the user. The system
further comprises a portable master control unit configured to be
worn or carried by the user. The master control unit is configured
to receive data from the first, the second, and the third sensors.
The system also includes a remote processor having a user interface
and a wireless receiver. The remote processor is configured to (i)
wirelessly receive body movement information from the portable
master control unit, (ii) calculate a performance evaluation based
at least in part on the body movement information, and (iii)
provide via the user interface information relating to the
performance evaluation. In certain embodiments, the remote
processor comprises a cellular telephone. In certain such
embodiments, the user interface comprises a display of the cellular
telephone.
[0031] The present disclosure describes a mouthpiece for receiving
a radio-frequency (RF) signal and communicating a message included
in the signal to a wearer of the mouthpiece. In certain
embodiments, the mouthpiece comprises a retainer configured to fit
over teeth in the mouth of the wearer, an antenna configured to
receive an RF signal that includes a message, and a processor that
is in communication with the antenna and that is configured to
determine the message from the received RF signal. The mouthpiece
further includes a modulator that is configured to receive from the
processor a signal indicative of the message and, in response to
the signal, to provide a sensory effect in the wearer's mouth that
is perceivable by the wearer. The sensory effect is capable of
communicating the message to the wearer. In various embodiments of
the mouthpiece, the retainer is configured to fit over the lower
teeth of the wearer or is configured to fit over the upper teeth of
the wearer.
[0032] In some applications, the RF signal comprises an RF carrier
and a modulated sub-carrier that includes the message. In certain
embodiments of the mouthpiece, the processor comprises a signal
discriminator capable of decoding the RF signal. In certain such
embodiments, the decoded RF signal comprises a sequence of
bits.
[0033] Embodiments of the mouthpiece may be configured such that
the modulator is a vibrator, and the sensory effect causes a
tactile stimulus to a portion of the wearer's mouth. For example,
in an embodiment, the tactile stimulus is a vibration. In another
embodiment of the mouthpiece, the modulator is a vibrator, and the
sensory effect causes an auditory stimulus capable of being
perceived in the wearer's ear. For example, the auditory stimulus
may comprise a frequency of about 1000 Hz.
[0034] In some embodiments, the mouthpiece further comprises a
power source. In some of these embodiments, the power source
comprises a supercapacitor. In an embodiment, the power source is
disposed within the wearer's mouth. In another embodiment, the
power source is capable of being charged by a portion of the
received RF signal.
[0035] Disclosed herein are embodiments of a method of
communication between at least two users. In an embodiment, the
method comprises associating a sensor with a first portion of a
first user's body and detecting a body position or a body movement
of the first portion of the first user's body with the sensor. The
sensor is configured to provide a message related to the body
position or the body movement to a radio frequency (RF)
transmission unit. The method further includes communicating, with
the RF transmission unit, an RF signal that includes the message,
and associating a signaling device with a second portion of a
second user's body. The signaling device comprises an RF receiver
and a modulator configured to provide a physical stimulus to the
second portion of the second user's body. Additionally, the method
includes receiving, with the RF receiver, the RF signal transmitted
by the RF transmission unit, and in response to the RF signal,
activating the modulator to provide a physical stimulus to the
second user that is capable of conveying the message to the second
user.
[0036] In various implementations of the method of communication,
the RF signal comprises an RF carrier and a sub-carrier that
includes the message. In other implementations, the message
comprises a brevity-code or a Morse-code. In some embodiments of
the method, the message is encrypted, and the signaling device is
configured to decrypt the message before activating the
modulator.
[0037] In certain embodiments of the method of communication, the
second portion of the user's body includes the second user's mouth,
and the signaling device is sized and shaped to be disposed at
least partially in the second user's mouth. In some embodiments of
the method, the physical stimulus includes a vibration. For
example, the vibration can comprise a frequency capable of being
perceived in an inner ear of the second user. In one embodiment,
the frequency is about 1000 Hz. In certain embodiments of the
method of communication between at least two users, the signaling
device comprises an embodiment of the above-described mouthpiece
for receiving a radio-frequency (RF) signal.
[0038] An embodiment of a method for providing biometric-enabled
devices to a consumer comprises forming a consortium comprising
members and establishing, by the consortium, a biometric data
protocol. The method further comprises providing to the consumer a
biometric-enabled device that conforms to the biometric data
protocol. The members of the consortium include at least a
biometric data provider and a device manufacturer. In certain
embodiments of this method, the members of the consortium further
comprise a telephone carrier.
[0039] In some embodiments of this method, the biometric-enabled
device comprises a telephone. For example, the telephone may
comprise a wireless telephone. The wireless telephone may be
disposable.
[0040] In certain embodiments of the method for providing
biometric-enabled devices to a consumer, the biometric data
protocol comprises a set of standards for communicating biometric
data over a communications channel. In certain such embodiments,
the biometric data comprises information related to the position,
velocity, or acceleration of one or more portions of a body. In
some of these embodiments, the information is produced by at least
one sensor attached to the body.
[0041] Certain embodiments of the disclosure are summarized above.
However, despite the foregoing description of certain embodiments,
only the appended claims (and not the present summary) are intended
to define the inventions. The summarized embodiments, and other
embodiments and equivalents, will become readily apparent to those
skilled in the art from the following detailed description of
preferred embodiments having reference to the attached drawings.
However, it is to be understood that the inventions disclosed
herein are not limited to any particular embodiments described.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0042] FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a system for gathering and
processing biometric and/or biomechanical data that may be used in
applications including athletics, medicine, and gaming.
[0043] FIG. 1A schematically illustrates an embodiment of a system
in accordance with the system of FIG. 1.
[0044] FIG. 1B schematically illustrates another embodiment of a
system in accordance with the system of FIG. 1.
[0045] FIG. 2 schematically illustrates a perspective view of one
embodiment of sensors and a master control unit (MCU).
[0046] FIG. 2A schematically illustrates how sensors can attach to
a portion of a garment, such as a sleeve.
[0047] FIGS. 2B and 2C are closeup views of two embodiments of a
wire channel and a sensor cavity in the garment of FIG. 2A.
[0048] FIG. 2D is a closeup view of a sensor cavity that can attach
a wireless sensor to a garment.
[0049] FIG. 3 schematically illustrates a close-up view of one
embodiment of an interface box.
[0050] FIG. 4A is a flowchart that illustrates measurement of
physical data by an embodiment of the system.
[0051] FIG. 4B is a flowchart that illustrates transfer of data
from the MCU to a personal computer for storage and/or data
analysis.
[0052] FIG. 5A is a block diagram that schematically illustrates
subcomponents of an MCU and schematically illustrates connections
along which data and/or signals can travel between those
subcomponents.
[0053] FIG. 5B is a block diagram that schematically illustrates
subcomponents of a gate array.
[0054] FIG. 5C is a flowchart that schematically illustrates a
process that can be performed by the gate array.
[0055] FIG. 5D is a block diagram that schematically illustrates an
embodiment of a wireless sensor.
[0056] FIG. 6 is a flowchart that illustrates one method of
determining whether a person's golf stance, alignment, and/or swing
meets certain criteria.
[0057] FIG. 7 is a flowchart that illustrates a process by which a
person can use the system of FIGS. 1A and 1B to evaluate his or her
golf swing.
[0058] FIG. 8 is a flowchart that illustrates a method for using
the disclosed system on a computer or web-based application.
[0059] FIG. 9 schematically illustrates an example system for data
collection and/or storage.
[0060] FIG. 10 schematically illustrates a data engine process.
[0061] FIG. 11 schematically illustrates an example of offline and
online registration options.
[0062] FIG. 12 is a flowchart that illustrates a process by which a
user can exchange data and obtain an analysis or consultation from
a network based application.
[0063] FIG. 13A schematically illustrates an example client/server
system that provides communication between a user and a host server
through a network.
[0064] FIG. 13B is a unified modeling language (UML) diagram
schematically illustrating an abstract model of a software
architecture that may be used to implement the client/server system
of FIG. 13A.
[0065] FIG. 14 schematically illustrates wireless communications in
a system according to the present disclosure.
[0066] FIG. 15 schematically illustrates various examples of
systems according to the present disclosure.
[0067] FIG. 16 is a block diagram that schematically illustrates an
embodiment of a system and process for providing a biometric and
biomedical data services protocol.
[0068] FIG. 17A is a top-view that schematically illustrates a
signaling device that can be placed in a user's mouth.
[0069] FIG. 17B schematically illustrates an embodiment of a
circuit that can be used with the signaling device illustrated in
FIG. 17A.
[0070] Reference symbols are used in the figures to indicate
certain components, aspects or features shown therein, with
reference symbols common to more than one figure indicating like
components, aspects or features shown therein.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
I. Overview
[0071] Systems and methods described herein can be used to gather
data relating to positions and movements of various body parts,
such as those movements performed in sports activities, for
example. The data can be conveyed rapidly so that a user can
perceive the data (e.g., in the form of a graphic representation,
histogram, and/or listing of numerical parameters) and evaluate the
movement. In some advantageous embodiments, the data is conveyed
wirelessly to reduce restriction of the movements of the body
parts. In some embodiments, a device embodying some aspects of the
described technology can be referred to as the "BodySensor" (or
BS). A BodySensor can be a remote device that senses body motion
and/or symmetry.
[0072] Some embodiments disclosed herein can help prevent injury
and improve athletic performance by enhancing confidence and
providing diagnostic options and services to athletic participants.
Some embodiments seek to foster the enjoyment of sports by
beginners, amateurs and professional athletes. Embodiments
disclosed herein can be used by consumers in various sports,
industries, and market segments. Examples of suitable sports
include, without limitation, golf, tennis, baseball, softball,
football, soccer, track and field, running, jogging, walking,
swimming, cycling, skateboarding, aerobics, yoga, weightlifting,
bowling, volleyball, gymnastics, skiing, snowboarding. Indeed, the
systems and methods described herein can be used in conjunction
with any form of body movement, athletics, exercise, and/or
recreation whether performed solo or in groups or teams. The
described technology and services are extendable across all sports
platforms and into other areas such as medical devices, orthopedic
medicine, military activities, law enforcement activities,
aviation, space travel, and gaming.
[0073] In some embodiments, a user can attempt to evaluate body
movement data (e.g., an athletic performance) using a remote
interface that can use digital performance assessment tools. In
some embodiments, the performance assessment and other data
analysis can be accomplished whenever, wherever, and however an
athlete, coach, or trainer wants it. Thus, in some embodiments, the
described technology can provide a competitive edge to athletes,
helping athletes perform better and/or reduce the possibility of
injury. A preferred embodiment can be used to track measurable
aspects of the athlete's physiology and document the performance
fingerprint at intervals (e.g., at programmable intervals such as
once every millisecond) during the athlete's performance. Thus,
embodiments of this technology can measure various flex, bend,
twist, torque, and/or symmetry of key body areas that are relevant
to various sport, therapy, industry, military, gaming, and/or
professional applications, for example.
[0074] In some embodiments, systems and methods are described that
allow for use of data gathered through such a system. The data from
multiple users can be gathered and used for research, medical
diagnosis, establishment of norms, averages, baselines,
aberrations, standards for athletic recruiting, calibrations, etc.
Creation of a database of body movement data can be advantageous
for these and various purposes. Thus, some embodiments can capture
training and/or performance data that can be used to develop
revenue through the lifetime of the customer and/or the product.
This development of revenue can be referred to as "lifetime value,"
or "LTV". Revenue can be created by marketing, selling, and/or
licensing the data, Firmware, software, and/or hardware through
data collection services (Research), data measurement services
(Consulting), performance enhancement services (Training) (e.g.,
for athletes). The technology can generate a performance
"fingerprint" of an athlete's performance (including, e.g., the
athlete's recorded movements, mechanics, techniques, physical
properties, etc.) which can be related to the athlete's skill,
physical characteristics, and/or talent.
A. Example Systems for Gathering and Processing Biometric Data
[0075] FIG. 1 illustrates a system 110 for gathering and processing
biometric and/or biomechanical data that can be useful in many
domains, including but not limited to athletics, medicine, and
gaming. A subject 120 can have various sensors 130 positioned on
his or her body and/or attached to (e.g., with snaps, hook and loop
fasteners, etc.) or positioned within (e.g., inserted into a pocket
of, woven into, etc.) his or her clothing. The sensors can be
associated with joints and/or appendages of the body in order to
track position and or movement of those joints and/or appendages.
In some embodiments, the sensors can be located in the mouth of a
user in order to sense movement and/or relative position of the
teeth or the tongue, for example.
[0076] The sensors 130 can connect to and/or communicate with a
transceiver 140. In some embodiments, the transceiver can be
attached to the body and/or clothing (e.g., the belt) of the
subject 120. The transceiver can have a data holder 142. In some
embodiments, the data holder 142 is a portable memory device that
can be removed such as a flash drive or data card or memory stick
or floppy disk, for example.
[0077] The sensors 130 can gather data relating to various physical
characteristics, positions, changes, performance, or properties of
the subject. This data can be referred to as "biometric" data.
Biometric data includes biomedical and biomechanical data, and can
include any of the following: data tracing the trajectory, speed,
acceleration, position, orientation, etc. of a subject's appendage
or other body part; data showing the heart rate, blood pressure,
temperature, stress level, moisture content, toxin level,
viability, respiration rate, etc. of a subject; data showing
whether or not a subject is performing a signal or communication
movement (e.g., teeth closed, arm cocked, etc.); data showing the
posture or other status of a subject (e.g., prone or erect,
breathing or not, moving or not); data showing the emotional state
of a subject; etc. For example, the sensors can track movement of
the subject and/or tension in the subject's muscles. In some
embodiments, the sensors 130 can include one or more of the
following technologies: accelerometer technology that detects
accelerations; gyroscope technology that detects changes in
orientation; compass or magnetic technology that senses position
and/or alignment with relation to magnetic fields; satellite-based,
"GPS"-style technology; radio-frequency technology; etc. More
details relating to sensors that can be used with this system are
discussed below in the text describing FIG. 2.
[0078] The transceiver 140 can collect and store data (e.g., analog
and/or digital data) from the sensors 130. In some preferred
embodiments, the data is converted from analog to digital in the
sensors or the transceiver to facilitate storage and/or
transmittance. In some embodiments, the data is sequenced, coded,
and or separated to make the reception, storage, and/or
transmission more efficient. In some embodiments, the transceiver
140 can be a cell phone, personal digital assistant (PDA), pocket
PC, or other portable communications and/or computing device. The
cell phone in some embodiments is a disposable cell phone or a
prepaid cell phone. In some embodiments, the transceiver 140 can
send signals to and/or receive signals from a portable
communications device such as those mentioned here, for
example.
[0079] As illustrated with the arrow 112, the transceiver 140 can
transmit data to a first processor 150. The data can be transmitted
in electronic or electromagnetic form, for example. In some
embodiments, the data is transmitted wirelessly (using radio
frequency transmissions, for example). Various communications
protocols can be used, including, for example, Bluetooth, TCP/IP,
802.11b, 802.11a, 802.11g, 802.11e, etc.). In certain embodiments,
the transceiver 140 transmits the data over the internet or over a
wired or wireless network.
[0080] The first processor 150 can be one of or a combination of
devices or components, such as those illustrated in FIG. 11. The
first processor 150 can be a computer and/or remote server such as
a laptop computer or computer chip/ASIC, for example. The first
processor 150 can be configured to receive signals from the
transceiver 140 and can have software that allows a first user 152
to view or otherwise use the data. In some embodiments, the first
processor 150 can be a cell phone, personal digital assistant
(PDA), pocket PC, or other portable communications and/or computing
device. In some embodiments, the functions described for the
transceiver 140 and the first processor 150 can be merged into a
single device. Thus, a portable communications device can be
configured to: collect data from the sensors 130; store data (e.g.,
on a memory card in the portable communications device); and/or
transmit data (and/or a processed form of that data). In some
advantageous embodiments, data transmission is accomplished
wirelessly to a second processor 160 as described further
below.
[0081] The first user 152 can be the same entity as the subject
120, for example. Thus, in some embodiments, the subject 120 can
gather physiological and/or biometric data using the sensors 130,
send that data to the transceiver 140 which in turn transmits the
data to the first processor 150, which can be the subject's laptop,
for example. The subject can then become the first user 152,
accessing the data from the first processor as shown by the arrow
114. The first user 152 can view the data in various formats, some
of which may involve some automated processing. For example, the
user can view three-dimensional animations (e.g., those created
using interpolation), histograms, or other graphical reports. In
certain preferred embodiments, the data collected by the sensors
permit the user to view an animation of the user's own movements as
reconstructed from the biomechanical data collected by the sensors.
Additionally, in some embodiments, the user can view animations of
another person's movements reconstructed from biomechanical data
collected on the other person's movements. For example, in an
embodiment, the user can view his or her own performance and then
view the performance of a friend, coach, competitor, instructor,
trainer, or professional. The first user 152 can be an athlete,
patient, coach, doctor, physical therapist, data analyst, etc., and
need not be the same entity as the subject 120.
[0082] The data (or a modified/processed form thereof) can be sent
from the first processor 150 to a second processor 160 (e.g., via a
wired or wireless network or the internet, for example). In some
embodiments, the second processor 160 can perform the functions
described above with respect to the first processor 150. In some
embodiments, the second processor 160 can perform additional
analysis or processing. Furthermore, as shown by the arrow 115, the
second processor 160 can make the data available to a second user
162. The second user 162 can be the subject 120 and/or the first
user 152, but the second user 162 can also be a different entity
such as a specialist, statistician, analyst, doctor, or coach, for
example. In some embodiments, the second user 162 can communicate
or interact with the first user 152 as shown using the arrow 116.
Thus, a second user 162 such as a coach can have access to the same
data being viewed by the first user 152 and/or subject 120 such as
an athlete. The second user 162 can then interpret and explain the
data to the subject 120, request more data, use automated analysis
methods (e.g., using the second processor 160) to extract
diagnostic information from the data, speak or send further
information to the first user 152, etc. In this way, the second
user 162 can provide a "virtual assessment" to the first user of
the first user's movements (e.g., golf swing, baseball pitch,
running stride, swimming stroke, rehabilitative movement,
etc.).
[0083] Additional users and additional processors can be used. For
example, a third user can comprise an institution that collects
data from multiple subjects or multiple users and processes that
data to find patterns or establish norms, for example. In some
embodiments, the system can comprise sports training monitoring
equipment that allows an athlete and/or trainer to monitor an
individual training program and to compare an exercise program to a
previously stored reference workout or other bench-mark. An
athletic trainer can monitor an athlete workout in real time by
monitoring sensor data captured and wirelessly transmitted to the
trainer display system. As used herein, the term "real time" is
used broadly to mean that the data is not available hours later,
but is instead available within less than one hour. Preferably, the
monitoring and some analysis can be done within a matter of
minutes. Advantageously, high-speed data transfer can allow
monitoring to occur within a short time (e.g., less than 5 minutes)
of the body movement. In some preferred embodiments, monitoring can
occur within less than one minute of the body movement. Preferably,
all data is stored so that analysis of that data can be compared to
other athletes and enhance the training programs.
B. Example BodySensor Systems
[0084] FIG. 1A shows an exemplary embodiment of a system 111 in
accordance with the description of FIG. 1 above. The illustrated
system can be termed a "BodySensor" system. The system 111 can be
used by a golfer 121 (an example of a subject 120 of FIG. 1) to
assist the golfer 121 in improving his golf game. The golfer 121
can attach various sensors 131 to his body or clothing as shown
(see also the garment 200 described with reference to FIGS. 2A-2D).
Sensors can also be woven into the fabric of the clothing. In some
embodiments, sensor can be incorporated into an undergarment so
they are less noticeable and/or cumbersome and conform more closely
to the user's body. In some embodiments, sensors can be embedded in
the skin of a user. The sensors 131 can gather data relating to the
golfer's form, balance, stance, posture, position, speed and shape
of swing, etc. The sensors 131 can then send data to a master
control unit, or "MCU" 141 (an example of a transceiver 140 of FIG.
1). A detail of an embodiment of the MCU 141 and some sensors 131
is provided in FIG. 2.
[0085] The MCU 141 can have a clip 145 on the back for attaching to
a belt, for example. The clip 145 can rotate in order to allow the
MCU 141 to be oriented in various ways, according to the need or
whim of the golfer 121. The MCU 141 can in turn transmit data
wirelessly (as shown by wavefronts 113) to a laptop computer 151
(which is an example of a device that can act as the first
processor 150 of FIG. 1). In some embodiments, the MCU 141 can
transmit data wirelessly via the World Wide Web through a built-in
Web server chip contained in the MCU. Alternatively, the MCU 141
can store data on an SD card 143 for later transfer to a processor.
In some embodiments, the MCU 141 can be a cell phone, personal
digital assistant (PDA), pocket pc, or other portable
communications and/or computing device. For example, an additional
chip and/or memory card can be inserted into a cell phone to make
the cell phone compatible with a system such as that described
herein. Other component options and combinations are illustrated in
FIG. 11.
[0086] When the data is on the laptop computer 151, a user (such as
the golfer 121) can use software on the laptop computer 151 to
analyze the data and provide, for example, a "performance
evaluation" with graphs, numbers, graphical depictions, charts,
histograms, etc. The performance evaluation can include statistical
analyses that, for example, determine the user's average
performance level and the user's deviations from this average.
Statistical techniques can be used to compare the user's
performance level with other suitable cohorts defined by
demographics, geography, performance level, etc. For example, a
golfer's performance evaluation may compare the golfer's
performance level with other golfers with the same gender, age,
geographic location, etc. or with amateur or professional golfers.
Statistical analyses may enable a coach to track the performance of
a particular player on a team as compared to other team members,
selected past teams, competitor teams, professional teams, etc. The
data relating to a particular performance by the user (e.g., the
golfer) can be referred to as a "performance fingerprint," and can
have unique characteristics. The performance fingerprint can be
sent from the laptop computer 151 to another computer such as a
desktop computer 161 (an example of the second processor 160 of
FIG. 1). This data transmission can occur via the World Wide Web,
including through a wireless connection, for example. In some
embodiments, a cell phone, personal digital assistant (PDA), pocket
PC, or other portable communications and/or computing device can
supplement or be substituted for the laptop computer 151 described
herein. For example, a cell phone, PDA, etc. can upload data to the
World Wide Web, and that data (in raw or processed form) can also
be accessed from the cell phone, PDA, etc. In some embodiments, a
user's data can be sent to a "learning center" via the World Wide
Web, and then that same user can thereafter access charts,
histograms, etc. that are visible on that user's cell phone, PDA,
etc. that provide insight to the user relating to the data and/or
the user's performance.
[0087] In some embodiments, the data can be viewed and/or analyzed
by a third party. The desktop computer 161 can be located at a
centralized data processing location where a golf coach, or
physical therapist for example, can look at the data and assist the
golfer 121 in understanding the performance fingerprint. The
desktop and/or second user can provide a "remote performance
evaluation" to the golfer 121. The data from the golfer's
performance can also be stored in raw and/or processed form for
later analysis and comparison.
[0088] FIG. 1B shows another embodiment of a system 109 in
accordance with the description of FIG. 1 above. In this
embodiment, a golfer 121 wears an MCU 141 on his belt, and the MCU
141 transmits data to an interface box 153. The interface box 153
is an example of the first processor 150 of FIG. 1, and the golfer
121 in this example is both the subject 120 and the first user 152
described with reference to FIG. 1. In this example, the golfer 121
can interface directly with the interface box 153. Thus, in some
embodiments, the second processor 160 depicted in FIG. 1 may be
optional. For example, a simple, inexpensive system can omit the
second processor. In some embodiments, the MCU 141 transmits data
to the interface box, which can provide visual or audible feedback
to the golfer 121. The feedback can relate to desirable adjustments
in stance, form, body position, etc.
[0089] In the illustrated embodiment, the system 109 employs three
body-mounted tilt sensors: a head sensor 132 mounted to the back
side of the head of the golfer 121 (e.g., attached or fastened to a
hat); a shoulder sensor 134 mounted in the center of the back at
shoulder level (e.g., fastened to a shirt under a collar); and a
hip sensor mounted on the lower back above the hips (e.g., located
in the MCU, which can be attached to a belt above the hips). Each
of these sensors can be placed into pockets or compartments of the
golfer's clothing, or woven or sewn into the golfer's clothing, for
example. Each tilt sensor can comprise an accelerometer and can
detect and indicate the tilt or deviation of the body away from
vertical. For example, the head sensor 132 can indicate the
vertical angle (tilt of the head side-to-side--generally in the
midsagittal plane) and the horizontal angle (tilt of the head
forward or back--generally in the frontal plane) of the head. The
shoulder sensor 134 can detect and indicate the shoulder angle
(whether the shoulders are tilted side-to-side--generally in the
frontal plane--such that a line taken between two analogous
portions of the two shoulders is not parallel to the ground) and
the vertical angle of the upper spine (tilt of the upper spine
forward or back--generally in the midsagittal plane). The hip
sensor can indicate the hip angle (whether the hips are tilted
side-to-side--generally in the frontal plane--such that a line
taken between two analogous portions of the two hips is not
parallel to the ground) and the vertical angle of the lower spine
(tilt of the lower spine forward or back--generally in the
midsagittal plane).
[0090] The system 109 can also have one or more sensors having
magnetometers for sensing direction relative to the magnetic field
of the earth. For example, a sensor can be associated with each
shoe of a golfer 121. These sensors can help determine if the
golfer's feet are parallel to each other and perpendicular to the
golf target line (the line along which the golf ball should be
launched). Similar sensors can also be associated with the MCU 141,
and with the interface box 153. Thus, shoe or foot sensors can
interact with sensors in the interface box 153 to determine the
angle of the feet with respect to the angle of the gold target line
as determined with respect to the position of the interface box
153.
[0091] The system 109 can also have one or more distance sensors
associated with the feet of the golfer 121. For example, a first
distance sensor on one foot can have a transmitter that transmits
an ultrasonic signal that reflects off a flat surface of another
sensor on the other foot and travels back along its original path
so that it is detected by a receiver in the first distance sensor.
The distance sensor can calculate the distance between the two feet
based on the time delay between transmitting and receiving the
ultrasonic signal. Laser distance sensors can also be used. In some
embodiments, a signal source on the feet can transmit to a receiver
(instead of a reflector) associated with the interface box 153 so
that the distance is calculated without the signal being reflected
back toward its origin. The distance sensors can be used to
indicate proper placement and alignment of the feet with respect to
the interface box 153 and the golf target line.
[0092] In some embodiments, various sensors can be combined. For
example, a distance measuring sensor can be combined with a
magnetometer so that the same sensor can measure both the distance
between the center line of the golfer's feet and the orientation of
each foot with respect to magnetic north (or the orientation of
each foot with respect to the golf target line, for example).
[0093] At the left, FIG. 1B shows a golfer 121 looking down at the
interface box 153 as the golfer 121 completes his swing. The
interface box 153 is depicted on the ground in a typical
orientation. At the right, a more detailed view of the top of an
embodiment of the interface box 153 is shown. FIG. 3 provides more
details about the functions and display of the interface box 153.
FIG. 14 provides a description of how the system 109 can use
wireless communication.
[0094] 1. Sensors
[0095] FIG. 2 shows a close-up view of one embodiment of the
sensors 131. The sensors 131 can be referred to as "Body Sensors."
Various kinds of sensors can be used to measure biometric data. For
example, some sensors have an accelerometer and can measure and
transmit data representing X, Y, and Z coordinates of the position
where the device is mounted. Such sensors can be referred to as
having three "sense points." Some sensors have, instead of or in
addition to an accelerometer, a magnetometer. A magnetometer can,
like a magnetic compass, sense orientation relative to the
surrounding magnetic fields. For example, magnetometers can use
earth's magnetic field to determine orientation with respect to
magnetic north. Some sensors have, instead of or in addition to the
components described above, have ultrasonic sensors. These sensors
can emit and/or receive ultrasonic signals and are generally used
to determine the distance between sensors or between a sensor and a
reflective surface. Some sensors have, instead of or in addition to
the components described above, a gyroscope. Gyroscopic sensor
components can establish an orientation and sense deviations from
that orientation based on the principle of conservation of angular
momentum. Some sensors have only an accelerometer, while other
sensors have an accelerometer, a magnetometer, and an ultrasonic
sensing component. Some sensors have an accelerometer, a
magnetometer, and a gyroscopic sensing component. Preferably, the
sensors employed are small and light-weight, with low power
requirements. Preferably, the sensor system measures nine (9)
degrees of motion using acceleration sensors, magnetometer, and
gyros.
[0096] In some embodiments, each sensor has a micro controller that
makes the physical measurement and converts the data into an
appropriate communication protocol. The data collected from each of
these sensors is processed and stored in real time in the MCU 141
which can be worn by the subject 120 (see FIG. 1).
[0097] In some embodiments, each body sensor 131 comprises a
three-axis accelerometer, a three-axis magnetometer, and a
three-axis gyroscopic sensor. One or more sensors can be used. In
certain embodiments, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 18, or more sensors are
used. In two golf-related embodiments shown in FIG. 1A, one shows
two arm sensors, and the other shows three arm sensors, a shoulder
sensor, and three leg sensors. In golf-related embodiments shown in
FIG. 1B, only two external sensors 131 are depicted, one on the
head, and one at the base of the neck. The data from each of the
sensor components are combined to determine the motion of the
sensor in three dimensions.
[0098] In some preferred embodiments, eighteen sensors are attached
to the user's as described in Table 1. Each sensor advantageously
includes a subsensor unit to determine the position, orientation,
velocity, and acceleration along each of the three dimensions. A
subsensor unit may comprise an accelerometer, a magnetometer,
and/or a gyroscopic detector to track the movement of the portion
of the user's body to which the sensor is attached.
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Sensor Position on User's Body Head Right
Shoulder Left Shoulder Right Upper Arm Left Upper Arm Right Forearm
Left Forearm Right Hand Left Hand Waist Right Hip Left Hip Right
Upper Thigh Left Upper Thigh Right Lower Leg Left Lower Leg Right
Ankle Left Ankle
[0099] In one embodiment, each subsensor takes data at data rates
up to about 2000 Hz and uses 16 bits per channel. In other
embodiments, some or all of the sensors may be programmed to take
data at a variable sampling rate. For example, the sampling rate
may be programmed based on the particular athletic or
rehabilitative activity for which the user desires to obtain
biometric performance information. In some implementations, the
user may set the sampling rate for some or all of the sensors, or
the sampling rate may be set by the MCU 141 prior to a movement by
the user. For example, in a golf application using the sensor
positions shown in Table 1, the user (or MCU 141) may select a slow
sampling rate for body portions that move relatively slowly (e.g.,
head, ankles, waist, lower legs), an intermediate sampling rate for
body portions that move at higher speeds (e.g., shoulders, hips,
upper legs), and a fast sampling rate for body portions that move
at relatively high speeds and/or which exhibit substantial
displacements from their initial positions (e.g., arms and
hands).
[0100] In one embodiment, the slow sampling rate may be about 10
Hz, the intermediate sampling rate may be about several hundred Hz,
and the fast sampling rate may be about a kHz. Other sampling rates
may be used for other applications. Embodiments providing variable
sampling rates beneficially may use less data storage and lower
data transfer rates, because fewer data samples are taken with
sensors that measure only relatively slow speeds or small
movements. In other embodiments, a uniform sampling rate may be
chosen for some or all of the sensors, which beneficially may
provide a simpler user initialization process and may reduce
possible synchronization problems between sensors.
[0101] In some preferred embodiments, each sensor 131 defines its
own coordinate system (e.g., "body coordinates"). A network of
sensors 131 is established, in which each sensor 131 is
mechanically (and/or electrically and/or wirelessly) linked, for
example, via the user's limb and torso connections, to a
neighboring sensor. In this embodiment, the sensors 131 are related
in a hierarchical tree network, with the root of the tree being,
for example, a master sensor (e.g., the MCU 141). One or more paths
can be defined through the hierarchical tree network. As an
example, one path in the tree could be: forearm sensor--upper arm
sensor--back of torso sensor (e.g., the master sensor). The body
coordinates from a sensor are transformed into an adjacent sensor's
body coordinate system, and so on among the sensors on the path,
resulting finally in body coordinates in the master sensor body
coordinate system. The body coordinates of the master sensor are
then transformed into an "Earth" coordinate system, e.g., a
coordinate system established for the environment in which the user
performs actions. Accordingly, in preferred embodiments, Earth
coordinates for each sensor may be calculated, which permits
tracking of all the sensors in a common coordinate system (e.g.,
the Earth coordinate system). In certain embodiments, a Kalman
filter (or other suitable signal processing filter, method, or
technique) is used to control error propagation in the data from
each sensor. In some embodiments, sensor position, orientation, and
rotation are represented using mathematical methods and algorithms
utilizing quaternions. Such embodiments may have improved
computational efficiency and/or computational speed.
[0102] In certain embodiments, the orientation of the sensor 131 is
determined by measuring a local magnetic field vector and a local
gravity vector and using those measurements to determine the
orientation of the sensor. Some embodiments can include measuring
the magnetic field vector and the local gravity vector using
quaternion coordinates. Other methods for determining sensor
orientation comprise measuring a local magnetic field vector, a
local gravity vector, and the angular velocity of the sensor. These
three vectors are processed to determine the orientation of the
sensor. In certain embodiments, the three vectors are measured in
quaternion coordinates.
[0103] Another method for determining sensor orientation comprises
determining a local gravity vector by providing an acceleration
detector, moving the detector from a start point to an end point
over a time period, and summing acceleration measurements over the
time period. The local gravity vector is calculated using the
summed acceleration measurements. In another embodiment, the
orientation of a sensor 131 can be tracked by measuring an angular
velocity of the sensor 131 so as to generate angular rate values
that are integrated and normalized to produce an estimated sensor
orientation. Additionally, a local magnetic field vector and a
local gravity vector can be measured by magnetic and acceleration
sensors, respectively, and these measurements can be used to
correct the estimated sensor orientation.
[0104] Many other methods and techniques can be used to determine
and track sensor orientation. For example, certain preferred
embodiments use methods substantially similar to the methods
disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,820,025, titled "Method and Apparatus
for Motion Tracking of an Articulated Rigid Body," issued Nov. 16,
2004, which is hereby incorporated by reference herein in its
entirety and made part of the specification hereof. In some
implementations, kinematic equations of motion for determining
sensor position and/or orientation are solved using methods
disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,061,611, titled "Closed-Form
Integrator for the Quaternion (Euler Angle) Kinematics Equations,"
issued May 9, 2000, which is hereby incorporated by reference
herein in its entirety and made part of the specification
hereof.
[0105] In some embodiments, other mathematical methods and
algorithms are used, e.g., Euler angles, roll/pitch/yaw angles,
matrix techniques, etc. For example, some embodiments utilize
techniques to track the orientation and movement of the sensors
including those described in, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 6,305,221,
titled "Rotational Sensor System," issued Oct. 23, 2001, and/or
U.S. Pat. No. 6,636,826, titled "Orientation Angle Detector,"
issued Oct. 21, 2003, each of which is hereby incorporated by
reference herein in its entirety and each of which is made part of
the specification hereof.
[0106] FIG. 2 also shows a close-up view of one embodiment of a
transceiver 140, in the form of an MCU 141. The MCU 141 can process
data from the sensors 131, managing the data in real time. Real
time can refer to very fast processing speed. In some embodiments,
real time can refer to data transmission and processing that allows
a display to show movement so quickly after the corresponding real
movement was made that the display appears to a human observer to
be synchronized with, or approximately synchronized with the actual
movement. In some embodiments, the movement does not appear to be
precisely synchronized, but it can be positively related to the
real movement by a human observer.
[0107] The MCU 141 can be a computer-based device and can operate
on battery power (e.g., it can use a standard 9-volt battery, a
rechargeable battery, or some other source of power). A housing 210
can enclose not only a battery (not shown), but also various other
electronic circuitry in the MCU 141. Cables 220 can connect with
the housing 210 through connectors 222, extending from the housing
210 to the sensors 131. In some embodiments, the cables 220 are not
necessary because the sensors 131 transmit wirelessly to the MCU
141. The MCU 141 can have a screen 230 that provides a visual
display or interface for a user. The MCU 141 can also have features
that allow a user to control or otherwise interact with the MCU
141. For example, a first button 241 can change the "mode" of the
MCU 141, a second button 242 can select a command from a menu
(which can be visible on the screen 230, for example), a third
button 243 can scroll up on a menu or move a cursor up, and a
fourth button 244 can scroll down on a menu or move a cursor
down.
[0108] Although FIG. 2 illustrates an embodiment wherein the
sensors 131 are connected to the MCU 141 via wired connections
(e.g., the cables 220), in other embodiments the sensors 131
communicate with the MCU 141 (or other transceivers, processors,
and/or networks) via wireless techniques, as further described
herein.
[0109] 2. Sensor Attachment to the User's Body
[0110] The sensors 131 may be attached to suitable portions of the
user's body via straps, bands, wire or string, harnesses, Velcro
connectors, or by any other suitable attachment method or device.
It is advantageous if the position and orientation of the sensors
131 relative to the user's body does not substantially change
during the user's movements. In some preferred embodiments, some or
all of the sensors 131 are attached to a garment that is worn by
the user while biometric data is being taken.
[0111] FIG. 2A illustrates one manner of attaching sensors to a
garment (e.g., a sleeve). If the sensors are securely fastened,
they can remain in place during body movement. If the sensors are
associated with clothing that is fitted tightly against the body of
the wearer, accuracy of sensor data can be improved. However, it is
desirable for any such garment fitted with the sensors not to
impede the movement of the wearer. FIG. 2A schematically
illustrates a user's arm within a garment 200 comprising a sleeve
202. Three sensors 204 (which may be similar to the sensors 131)
are shown as attached to the sleeve 202, but fewer or more sensors
can be used in other embodiments. A "Velcro" (e.g., hook and/or
loop material) base 208 can be attached (e.g., stitched, adhered,
snapped, bonded, etc.) to a portion of the garment 200 such as a
portion of the sleeve 202.
[0112] In some embodiments, the garment 200 conforms to the user's
body so that the garment does not shift or move with respect to the
user's body or a portion of the user's body (e.g., the user's arm)
when the user engages in athletic activities. As shown in FIG. 2B,
the Velcro base 208 can include a wire channel 212 and a sensor
cavity 216 for holding one of the sensors 204. It is preferred, but
not required, that the sensor cavity 216 have a size and shape
suitable to hold a sensor 204 without substantial relative movement
or rotation of the sensor 204 with respect to the user's body or a
portion of the user's body. In some embodiments, the sensor 204 has
a shape, such as a rectangular shape, and the sensor cavity 216 has
a corresponding shape, such as a rectangular shape, configured to
snugly hold the sensor 204 so as to limit relative movement and/or
rotation of the sensor 204. In other embodiments, the sensors 204
are sewn, stitched, glued, bonded, attached with Velcro, or
otherwise held in place within the cavity 216. In some embodiments,
the wire channel 212 has a width of about 1/8 inch, the sensor
cavity 216 has dimensions of about 1 inch by 11/2 inches, and the
Velcro base 208 has a transverse width of about 1 inch. In certain
embodiments, a strip 214 can cover the wire channel 212 and the
sensor cavity 216 as shown in FIG. 2C. The strip 214 can be made
from cloth, Velcro, or other suitable material. The strip 214 can
be configured to resemble a racing stripe. In some embodiments, the
strip 214 is reflective.
[0113] Various attachment methods can be used, including snaps,
buttons, zippers, etc. As shown in FIG. 2D, some embodiments of the
garment 200 do not include the wire channel 212, and may be
advantageously used with wireless sensors. In some embodiments,
some or all of the sensors are in physical contact with the wearer.
Thus, they can be attached to the inside of a garment sleeve, for
example.
[0114] 3. Water-Resistant Systems
[0115] Some embodiments of the present inventions are configured
for use when the user is swimming or is likely to become wet (e.g.,
triathlons, water polo, beach volleyball, etc.). In some
embodiments, some or all of the sensors 131 are configured to be
substantially water resistant. This can be accomplished, for
example, by encasing or enclosing the sensors in a waterproof or
watertight material or container. In some embodiments, the sensor
cavity 216 in the garment 200 is configured to be waterproof or
watertight. In an embodiment, the strip 214 is configured to
provide further water resistance. In some embodiments, a swimmer
wears a swimming garment or swim suit made from a material that
conforms to the shape of at least a portion of the swimmer's body
(e.g., a material such as Spandex or Lycra), and the sensors 204
are snugly attached in the cavities 216. In embodiments suitable
for swimming, it is advantageous, although not always necessary,
that sensors 131 be wireless sensors to avoid electrical shorting
problems with wired connections. Embodiments of the present
inventions are particularly advantageous in swimming contexts,
because the present system can provide biometric data that
conventional optical sensor systems cannot provide due to
distortion of the swimmer's image by the water.
[0116] As described, some or all of the sensors 131 may be
configured to be water resistant (e.g., waterproof, water tight,
and/or water-repelling) devices, for example, by enclosing the
sensors 131 in a material or casing or container that is resistant
to penetration by water, moisture, and/or humidity. In other
embodiments, some or all of the components (e.g., the housing 210,
the MCU 141, the cables 220, and/or the connectors) are water
resistant. The sensors 131 may have connectors that allow them to
be daisy chained to other sensors 131. In an embodiment, the
connectors are coated or covered with a silicon compound to make
the connection to the sensor 131 sufficiently water resistant for
the application in which the sensors 131 are to be used. In some
applications the sensors 131 may be highly waterproof (e.g., scuba
diving, swimming, triathlons, military marine operations,
underwater construction), while in other applications the sensors
131 may be only water or sweat resistant (e.g., running,
steeplechase). In some embodiments, the sensor 131 is further
inserted into a protective plastic enclosure.
[0117] The MCU 141 may utilize a water protective covering similar
to the sensors 131. If the MCU 141 includes a replaceable power
source (e.g., a battery), the sensor 131 may include a
water-protected opening having rubber gaskets that compress to seal
the opening. If the MCU 141 power source includes a rechargeable
power source (e.g., a rechargeable battery), then in some
embodiments the MCU 141 may be charged as follows. The enclosure of
the MCU 141 may comprise a portion of an electrical coil (e.g., 1/2
of a transformer), while the exterior of the enclosure comprises
another portion of the coil, thereby forming a complete
transformer. The electrical field created by the transformer is
converted to direct current (DC) by rectification and filtering.
The DC voltage is then used to charge the MCU power source. In some
embodiments, the MCU 141 comprises a water sensor, so that if the
MCU 141 is in the water, the wireless transmitter may be disabled.
When the MCU 141 is not in the water, the MCU 141 can be commanded
to transmit internally stored data to an external storage device.
In water environments where only a low rate of data from the MCU
141 is needed, one or more ultrasonic sensors can be used for
transmitting and receiving data underwater. Ultrasonic data may be
transmitted on a single frequency or on multiple frequencies via
frequency hopping. One embodiment uses a reference time pulse by
which to key transmission, so that distance can also be measured in
the water.
[0118] In some implementations, some or all of the water-resistant
sensors 131 include data storage within the sensor housing (or
within a water-resistant fitting). The data storage stores data
taken by the sensor 131, for later retrieval and analysis. Such
implementations are advantageous in applications, e.g., swimming or
diving, where water would inhibit the transfer of data from the
sensor 131 to the MCU 141.
[0119] 4. Alternative MCU Systems
[0120] MCU systems can be configured in a variety of ways, with
varying features, which can be manufactured and sold for different
amounts. One example configuration can be referred to as the
"Introductory" MCU system. This MCU embodiment can support various
sensor configurations used to monitor real time motion. The
introductory MCU system can have a slot or connector for plugging
in a Flash Memory card for storing collected data and moving the
data to a personal computer. The Introductory MCU system can also
support an optional low cost wireless interface to transfer the
stored data to a personal computer with a wireless interface (which
can be offered as an optional accessory, for example). A
"Mid-Level" system embodiment can contain all of the functionality
of the introductory embodiment and also include both a Flash Memory
card and a low cost wireless interface. A "Professional" MCU system
embodiment may support the Flash Memory card and a high-end
industry standard wireless interface (e.g., 802.11A, 802.11B,
802.11G, etc.). The Professional MCU system can also have an
additional, real-time memory to store events lasting two to three
times the normal time period. The Professional MCU system can also
have an additional server chip that can allow the MCU to transmit
data directly to the World Wide Web without the use of an
intermediate personal or laptop computer.
[0121] In some embodiments, the system (including, for example, the
sensors 131 and the MCU 141) can be configured to take data within
a range of sample rates. For example, the range may include sample
rates from about 1 Hz to about 10 kHz. It is preferable that the
sample rate be at least as large as the appropriate Nyquist sample
rate corresponding to the motion of the body part to which the
sensor is attached. In one embodiment, the sensors 131 use a sample
rate of 2 kHz. In some preferred embodiments, the sensor 131 may be
configured to use two or more sample rates so as to provide a
sample rate that is adjustable or programmable. For example,
referring to Table 1, an ankle sensor may be configured to sample
at about 10 Hz, a shoulder sensor at 1 kHz, and a hand sensor at 2
kHz. Advantageously, the sample rate can be adjustable by a
manufacturer, retailer, and/or user. In certain embodiments, the
sample rate can be adjusted by a transceiver and/or processor
(e.g., the MCU 141). For example, in one embodiment the sensor 131
is configured to receive a signal and to adjust the sample rate in
response to the signal. The signal can come from a transceiver, or
processor. In an embodiment, the sensors 131 are configured to
receive such a signal via wireless communication protocols (e.g.,
Bluetooth, 802.11, RF, etc.).
[0122] In other embodiments, the sensor 131 is configured to be
coupled to a docking station that can provide the signal through
one or more electrical connectors. In some embodiments, a user can
change a configuration setting that affects sampling rate to tune
or adjust the system for a particular use. Thus, a system such as
those described herein can be useful in various markets, with
various sports, to track various movements, etc. Another feature
that can allow great expandability is to provide open architecture
modular code. A programmable sampling rate can have many
advantages. For example, it can provide the ability to increase or
decrease the rate each sensor is sampled, independently of the
other sensors. This can reduce the duplication of data and storage
requirements. Another advantage of programmable and/or independent
sample rates for various sensors is that different parts of the
body can move at different rates. Thus, having the ability to
sample the actual rate of movement can reduce data storage needed
and/or allocate data storage resources efficiently, providing more
resources to be used for data relating to sensors that need to take
more data (e.g., those sensors attached to areas where movement is
faster). An example is a baseball pitcher. The highest sample rate
may only be needed on his pitching arm to capture the high speed
motion, while the sensors associated with rest of his body can
operate at a small fraction of the sampling rate to capture the
rest of (or at least enough of the relevant) body motion data. In
some embodiments, an electromyogram (EMG) sensor can be included in
such a system to provide additional data. Such sensors can also
take advantage of a system with programmable data sample rates,
because they may have different data sampling requirements from
those of the other sensors.
[0123] The sensors 131 (and/or the MCU 141 or other suitable
processors) may be configured to use remote signal strength
indication ("RSSI") to estimate, for example, the relative
distances between the sensors 131 and/or between the sensors 131
and the MCU 141. For example, using RSSI, sensors 131 that are
farther apart will communicate smaller RSSI indexes, whereas
sensors 131 that are closer together will communicate larger RSSI
indexes. In other embodiments, distance between sensors 131 is
determined by measuring a time of arrival of a reference signal and
a return response to indicate an elapsed time. Distance is
calculated from the elapsed time by multiplying by the signal speed
(e.g., the speed of light for electromagnetic reference signals or
the speed of sound for ultrasonic reference signals).
[0124] In certain embodiments the sensors 131 are configured to
communicate bidirectionally, e.g., to send and to receive
information and/or data. In one such embodiment, the sensors 131
are configured to receive instructions that update firmware
disposed within the sensor 131. In another embodiment, the sensors
131 are configured to receive instructions that permit adjustment
or resetting of a programmable sample rate. In certain embodiments,
instructions can be communicated to the sensors 131 (and/or the MCU
141) that, for example, unlock certain features of the sensor 131.
For example, a sensor 131 may include acceleration, magnetic, and
gyroscopic detectors. Such a sensor may have the acceleration
detectors activated by default, but the magnetic and gyroscopic
detectors disabled by default. Rather than having to purchase a new
sensor, a user desiring enhanced capabilities provided by the
magnetic and gyroscopic detectors can simply pay a fee and a
command to unlock the magnetic and/or gyroscopic detectors will be
transmitted to the sensor 131 (e.g., via a wireless network, the
internet, the MCU 141, etc.).
C. Example Golf Interface Box
[0125] FIG. 3 shows a close-up view of one embodiment of an
interface box 352 (which can play the role of the interface box 153
of FIG. 1B). The interface box 153 is an example of the first
processor 150 of FIG. 1. The interface box 153 can be referred to
as a "remote display system" because in use, it can be located on
the ground, away from, but visible to the golfer 121, as
illustrated in FIG. 1B. Although the depicted embodiment is
described below, it should be understood that any of the visible
features/aspects of the device can also appear on a screen such as
an LCD screen. Thus, a body alignment indicator 322 and/or a
stance-width indicator 332, etc. can appear as a portion of a
screen display rather than having a separate, dedicated indicator
for each function.
[0126] The interface box 352 has a line 312 with arrows at either
end that can be generally aligned with the golf target line, or the
line between the place where the golf ball rests and the hole into
toward which the golfer 121 intends to propel the golf ball.
[0127] The interface box 352 can include a body alignment indicator
322 with one or more audible or visual indicators. The interface
box 352 shown in FIG. 3 includes three visual indicators, although
fewer or more visual (and/or audible) indicators may be used. The
visual indicators may comprise Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs), bulbs
(e.g., incandescent, fluorescent, halogen), fiber optic light
indicators, or other suitable light-indicating devices. The audible
indicators may comprise a bell, beep, buzzer, chime, alarm, or
other suitable sound-producing device. The interface box 352 can
communicate with the MCU 141, and the alignment of the magnetometer
in the MCU 141 can be compared to the alignment of the magnetometer
in the interface box 352. Generally, the golfer 121 should be
aligned parallel to the golf target line. In the interface box 352
shown in FIG. 3, if the MCU 141 indicates that the golfer 121 is
facing too far to the left, an LED at the left of the body
alignment indicator 322 lights up; if the MCU 141 indicates that
the golfer 121 is facing too far to the right, an LED at the right
of the body alignment indicator 322 lights up. If the golfer 121 is
aligned correctly, a middle LED lights up. In other embodiments, an
audible indicator additionally (or alternatively) provides a
distinctive sound when the golfer is aligned (or misaligned). Such
embodiments advantageously provide feedback to the golfer without
requiring the golfer to look up (or move his or her eyes) to detect
a visual indicator.
[0128] The interface box 352 can also include a left foot alignment
indicator 324 and a right foot alignment indicator 326, each with
three LEDs that operate similarly to those of the body alignment
indicator 322. These alignment indicators display the result of a
comparison between the alignment of the magnetometers in the
sensors on the feet of the golfer 121 and the magnetometer in the
interface box 352. In some embodiments, this comparison is made in
the MCU 141, and the result of the comparison is sent to the
interface box 352. Generally, the feet should be aligned
perpendicularly to the golf target line. Thus, if the MCU 141
indicates that either of the feet of the golfer 121 is facing too
far to the left, the LED at the left of the corresponding foot
alignment indicator lights up; if the MCU 141 indicates that either
of the feet of the golfer 121 is facing too far to the right, the
LED at the right of the corresponding foot alignment indicator
lights up. If the feet of the golfer 121 are aligned correctly, the
middle LED lights up in each of the foot alignment indicators 324
and 326.
[0129] The interface box 352 can also include a stance width
indicator 332. This indicator receives a signal from the MCU 141
that corresponds to the width calculated from the distance sensor
or sensors associated with the feet or shoes of the golfer 121. The
stance width indicator can indicate the distance between sensors on
the golfer's two feet. In some embodiments, the stance width
indicator 332 can display three digits of both alphanumerical and
or just numerical data. In some embodiments, the stance width
indicator can display a number showing the distance (in units of
inches or centimeters, for example) between the centerline of one
of the golfer's feet and the centerline of the golfer's other
foot.
[0130] In the center of the interface box 352 is a human profile
330 or other relevant profile. The human profile can have various
indicators providing information to a golfer 121 about the golfer's
stance or body position. For example, a head LED 332 on the head of
the human profile 330 can provide information relating to signals
received from the head sensor 132 on the back of the golfer's head.
Similarly, the shoulder LED 334 can provide information relating to
signals received from the shoulder sensor 134 on the back of the
golfer 121 in between the shoulders, and the hip LED 338 can
provide information relating to signals received from a hip sensor
located in the MCU 141 that can be attached to the golfer's belt,
for example. A mid-back LED 336 can provide information relating to
signals received from both a head sensor 132 and a shoulder sensor
134.
[0131] Various LED, LCD, or other visual interface configurations
are possible. For example, in some embodiments, the color of the
LED (e.g., green, amber, red, etc.) can indicate whether or not the
correct alignment has been reached. In other embodiments, different
LEDs can light up when alignment is correct. In some advantageous
embodiments, each LED has two colors, amber and green. When the
golfer's head is far from being correctly aligned and/or tilted,
the head LED 332 flashes rapidly in amber. As the golfer's head
approaches the correct alignment and/or tilt, the intervals between
flashes decrease but the flashing head LED 332 continues to be
amber colored. When the golfer's head is in correct alignment (or
within a certain pre-set range that is considered to be or
programmed to be "correct") the head LED 332 changes to emit steady
green light. The shoulder LED 334 and the hip LED 338 operate
similarly, flashing amber with decreasing flash intervals and
finally shining steady green light when the correct alignment is
approached and then achieved. The mid-back LED has a similar
pattern, but it requires the proper alignment and/or tilt from both
the head sensor 132 and the shoulder sensor 334 before it will turn
green. In this way, it can indicate to the golfer when the proper
back and head angles are achieved when addressing the ball.
[0132] In addition to using LEDs and other graphical displays, the
interface box 153 can also provide information to a user by way of
audio signals. In some embodiments, the interface box 153 (and/or
the MCU 141 itself) can announce or otherwise audibly communicate
information (including the displayed information described above
with respect to the interface box 352) to a user. This audio
interface can be achieved, for example, through audio signals
emitted from a speaker 340 that can be located in the interface box
153. For example, an audio signal can be generated to indicate body
rhythm. When a golfer swings a golf club, for example, different
sounds can be emitted that indicate whether or not the swing is
smooth. Smoothness can be measured by sensors comparing the
relative orientations, positions, velocities, or accelerations of
various readings or other data taken during a sports movement
(e.g., a golf swing).
[0133] In some embodiments, the sounds audible to the user (e.g., a
golfer or other sports participant) can be descriptive: one sound
(e.g., a clicking sound, a buzz, a beep of one tonality) can
indicate that the swinging motion is too jerky or random; another
sound (e.g., a swoosh sound, a pleasant chord, or a beep of a
different tonality) can indicate that the swinging motion is
smooth. In some embodiments, sounds can be prescriptive: a series
of sounds can be emitted that correspond to the proper rhythm of
the golf swing, and the golfer can match the swing to the cadence
of the sounds. Visual indicators can be prescriptive or descriptive
as well. In some embodiments, the pitch, intensity, and/or repeat
rate of the sound can change to provide information about how much
the user's movement and/or position varies from a certain value or
range of values or to provide other information to the user.
II. Methods for Gathering and Analyzing Biometric Data
A. Communication Methods
[0134] Components of the system 110 can be configured to
communicate using wired and/or wireless techniques. For example,
the MCU 141 can communicate with the interface box 153 using any
number of communication protocols, including, but not limited to,
2.4 GHz devices, Bluetooth devices, wireless local area network
(WLAN) channels, etc. In some embodiments, the communication occurs
using an nRF24XX, available from Nordic Semiconductor ASA of
Tiller, Norway. The nRF24XX can use a low-level Frequency Agility
Protocol (nAN24-07) that protects against disturbing traffic from
frequency stationary systems like WLAN and frequency hopping
devices like Bluetooth.
[0135] In some embodiments, the data capture and/or transmittal are
performed using methods and apparatus substantially as disclosed in
U.S. Pat. No. 6,820,025, titled "Method and Apparatus for Motion
Tracking of an Articulated Rigid Body," issued Nov. 16, 2004, U.S.
Pat. No. 6,305,221, titled "Rotational Sensor System," issued Oct.
23, 2001, and/or U.S. Pat. No. 6,636,826, titled "Orientation Angle
Detector," issued Oct. 21, 2003. The entirety of each of these
documents is incorporated by reference herein and made part of this
specification.
[0136] As illustrated in FIG. 4A, a sensor's micro controller can
make a physical measurement. The micro controller can then convert
the data from the measurement into an agent based transaction model
(ABT) communication protocol, which may be advantageous for
distributed network services environment. The sensor can then send
the converted data to an MCU. The MCU can then store and/or process
the data. Thus, in some embodiments, the sensor data is sampled and
transmitted to the MCU 141 for processing and/or storage. In some
embodiments, the sensors 131 can include micro controllers that
output digital data. The micro controllers can convert the measured
data into a special communication protocol (e.g., an AST
communication protocol) that is compatible with the MCU 141.
[0137] As illustrated in FIG. 4B, in some embodiments, the MCU 141
can store the sensor data. The MCU 141 can also further process the
sensor data. As shown, the MCU 141 can send data to a first
processor (e.g., the first processor 150 of FIG. 1), which can be a
personal computer or a laptop computer. This data transfer can be
accomplished via a wireless interface, which can allow a sports
participant great mobility, even while connected to the electronic
sensors and/or MCU. As illustrated, the personal computer can
receive the data, store and/or analyze the data. In some
embodiments, the first processor is an interface box 153. Thus, in
some embodiments, after the data and/or information is processed,
the results are transmitted to the interface box 153, which in turn
communicates the results to the user (e.g., a golfer).
[0138] FIG. 5A schematically illustrates examples of subcomponents
of an MCU 541 (e.g., the MCU 141) and shows connections along which
data and/or signals can travel between those components. The
subcomponents of the MCU 541 can be implemented with suitable
electronic components including a field programmable gate array
(FPGA), a complex programmable logic device (CPLD), and/or a
programmable logic device (PLD). Although not illustrated in FIG.
5A, data from sensors (e.g., the sensors 131) can flow into the
depicted gate array 512. Data and/or address information can flow
from the gate array 512 to the N Processor 520, the SRAM 530 and/or
the program ROM 540 as shown, using a data bus, for example.
Buffered address information can flow from the gate array 512 to
the SRAM 530 and/or the program ROM 540 as shown. The SRAM can
provide temporary storage of data (e.g., for buffering). Control
signals and other data can also flow to and from the SD flash
memory 550 from the gate array 512. To or from the gate array 512,
analog/digital control signals and other data can flow from or to a
wireless device 560 (e.g., a 2.46 gigahertz device), which can
transmit or receive data to other wireless devices. An LCD display
570 and a key pad 580 can also be connected to the gate array 512,
and data from memory (e.g., the program ROM 540) can be displayed
on the LCD display 570.
[0139] FIG. 5B schematically illustrates examples of subcomponents
of a component (such as the gate array 512 shown in FIG. 5A.) Data
and signals to and/or from sensors can flow into the illustrated
component. Channel 1 is shown, and channels 2-4 can have similar
components and layouts. For example, each channel can have a
parallel to serial component 582, a first-in, first-out (FIFO)
buffer out 584, and a data out component 586, which can send data
to outside components (e.g., sensors). Each channel can also have a
serial to parallel component 583, a first-in, first-out (FIFO)
buffer in 585, and a data input component 587, which can receive
data from outside components (e.g., sensors). The FIFO buffer out
584 can, in some embodiments, exchange places with the parallel to
serial component 582. Similarly, in some embodiments, the FIFO
buffer in 585 can exchange places with the serial to parallel
component 583. The parallel and serial component 582 and the serial
to parallel component 583 can be connected to a command storage
buffer 592, which can also be connected to a channel one command
sequencer 590. The channel one command sequencer 590, as well as
the command storage buffer 592 and the two parallel/serial
components 582 and 583 can be connected to a channel one clock 594,
which is in turn connected to a channel one clock out 596. In some
embodiments, the component (e.g., the gate array 512) can include a
microcontroller, which can be programmed to generate an executable
set of commands. For example, the commands may enable signal
processing (e.g., filtering) of the data received from the
sensors.
[0140] FIG. 5C schematically illustrates a process that can be
performed by a component (e.g., the gate array 512 of FIG. 5B). In
some embodiments, a command can be received, and that command can
be written to a channel one sequencer 590, as shown at 522. The
system can then determine if the command is the last one, as shown
at 523. If not, the system can iterate, writing the next command to
the sequencer 590, as shown at 522. However, if the command is the
last command, the system can wait for interrupt, as shown at 524,
and read a sensor (e.g., sensor x), as shown at 525. The sensors
read can be the sensors 131, for example.
[0141] FIG. 5D is a block diagram that schematically illustrates an
embodiment of a wireless sensor 501. The wireless sensor 501 can be
implemented using electronic circuitry including, for example, an
FPGA or CPLD. The wireless sensor 501 comprises a magnetometer 502,
an accelerometer 503, and a gyroscopic sensor 504 attached via
serial lines to a serial interface 505 (e.g., an inter-integrated
circuit (I2C) serial interface), which communicates via a data and
control bus with a microcontroller 506. The sensors 502-504 may
include analog-to-digital converters. The microcontroller 506 can
act as the bus master and coordinate the flow of data, for example,
to on-board data storage memory 507 and to a wireless data
interface 508 for transmission to a wireless data network via an
antenna 509.
B. Golf Methods
[0142] In some embodiments, optical or other sensors can be used to
determine whether a person's golf stance meets a certain criteria.
An example process is illustrated in FIG. 6. For example, sensors
can help determine the distance between and/or orientation of two
feet of a golfer as shown at 612. In some embodiments, a position
and/or orientation of a knee is also detected or determined as
shown at 614. In some embodiments, sensors can be used instead of a
yardstick to determine separation distance and/or orientation of a
user's body. Sensors may transmit data to an MCU, as shown at 616.
The MCU 141 can comprise a user interface, or it can transmit data
relating to feet and/or knee position and or orientation to a
separate user interface, as shown at 618. A user interface can be,
for example, a device worn on the belt of or located in the pocket
of a user, and the device can emit a sound to alert the user to
correct or incorrect stance and/or positioning, for example. In
some embodiments, a user can determine correct stance and/or
positioning using one or a plurality of markings on a user's golf
club that has been marked to show proper distances. The golf club
thus marked can act as a template or measuring device that can be
used instead of a yardstick, for example.
[0143] As illustrated in FIG. 7, a subject/user (e.g., a golfer)
can follow some or all of the following steps to make use of a
device such as those described above. A golfer can associate the
sensors 131 with his body 712 by attaching them to his skin or
placing them in pockets on his clothing. The golfer can then
associate the MCU 141 with his body 714 (e.g., by clipping the MCU
141 to his belt). The golfer can then calibrate the system 715,
e.g., by standing erect, with his back held straight against a
vertical surface such as a door frame, with shoulders parallel to
the ground and hips parallel to the ground (such that his left and
right shoulders are each located generally the same distance from
the ground, and such that his left and right hips are located
generally the same distance from the ground). When this balanced,
erect position is assumed, the golfer can push a button or
otherwise communicate to the system that a calibration position is
achieved. The system can then measure subsequent positions relative
to the calibration position.
[0144] With continued reference to FIG. 7, after calibration, the
user is ready to begin a sports activity (e.g., golfing). The
golfer can ascertain the golf target line and place the interface
box 153 on the ground such that the line 312 is aligned with the
golf target line as shown at 722. The golfer can assume a golfing
stance 724 by standing on the opposite side of the ball from where
the interface box 153 is placed. The golfer can then check his
alignment 726 by looking at (or listening to) the golfer interface
box 153.
[0145] With continued reference to FIG. 7, the various aspects of
proper alignment can be checked in various orders. For example, the
golfer may first check the alignment of his feet 732 by observing
the left foot alignment indicator 324 and the right foot alignment
indicator 326. The golfer can also check the alignment of his body
734 using the body alignment indicator 322. The golfer can check
his stance width 736 by observing the stance width indicator 332.
The golfer can also check his shoulder alignment and/or balance 738
by referring to the shoulder LED 334, check his hip alignment
and/or balance 740 by referring to the hip LED 338, and check his
head alignment 742 by referring to the head LED 332. The golfer can
then address the ball 744 by leaning forward, and check to see that
the lean is correct 746 (e.g., that the head is up at the proper
angle) by referring to the mid-back LED 336. The golfer can then
take his back-swing and forward-swing 748, while listening to a
rhythm indicator through the speaker 340, for example.
[0146] In some embodiments, the data produced and/or transmitted by
the first processor 150 and/or the second processor 160 (see FIG.
1) can be stored, processed, and analyzed by a user (e.g., second
user 162) that is different from the first user 152. The second
user 162 can be a company that sells the data (in raw or processed
form) to other users. The second user 162 can also perform research
using the data to show statistical trends or quantities. Data can
be used to in medical research studies, physical therapy studies
(relating to both pre- and post-injury periods) to analyze a
patient's recovery cycle, in addition to many other possible
applications. The data collection, storage, processing, analysis,
etc. can be accomplished as follows.
C. Data Collection Methods
[0147] An advantageous embodiment of the present invention
comprises hardware and software that can measure body movement. The
hardware and software can be inexpensive to manufacture. In some
embodiments, a device can capture training data that reflects an
athlete's or a patient's progress and/or training history. A system
that can collect and store such historical data can become more and
more valuable to a user over time, because a user may desire to see
his or her own trends or patterns. Such a system can also have
value to a data collection entity, because a data collection entity
can provide research services (e.g., comparing the user's data to
other users' data, comparing to the average user, comparing to a
standard selected or designated by a coach, etc.) A data collection
entity can also provide consulting services (e.g., providing
automatic and/or personalized analysis of data, providing ways to
improve accuracy and/or reliability of data, providing ideas of how
to use the data collection device more effectively, etc.) A data
collection entity can also provide performance enhancement services
(e.g., advice on how to improve performance, training, etc.) Data
collected during these activities can be stored and analyzed (e.g.,
to allow for better averages, better comparisons, more robust
statistical analysis, etc.) The data can also be licensed and/or
sold to other users such as researchers, coaches, scouts for
professional athletics, etc., and can be used for many purposes
(e.g., physiological studies, medical studies, sports performance
studies, rehabilitation studies, etc.) In some embodiments, that
data can allow research to be done on trends or averages of
biometric data across various demographic groups. This data can be
valuable, for example, to physical therapists attempting to analyze
various treatment methods and/or to coaches researching improved
training or coaching techniques. This data can be valuable, for
example, to establish new industry benchmarks or indices or to
establish normal or exceptional performance parameters.
[0148] In some embodiments, the data can be protected by separating
the name of the user from which the data originated and the stored
data itself. For example, the data can be stored by identification
number, and approval can be required before the name and the data
are associated. Permissions can be tracked and stored in a
database. Various other encryption and password technologies can be
employed to protect user data.
D. Example Data Engine
[0149] A "data engine" can be a series of computers that utilize
software to collect, process, store, and/or data-mine information
from the data collected using systems as described above (e.g.,
movement data, balance data, position, speed, or velocity data,
direction data, rotation data, etc.). In addition to this data,
sensors can also monitor temperatures, heart rate, EKG, EMG, blood
pressure, blood oxygen content, glucose levels, etc.
[0150] As illustrated in FIG. 8, an example data collection process
can start at a web site describing products and services available
that utilize the described technology, as shown at 812. A customer
(e.g., using an online, web-based, or telephone ordering system)
can purchase products, as shown at 814, and have them delivered
directly to the user's home or office, for example. The system can
record information related to the user's interaction with the
website and/or the user's purchase. When a customer purchases a
technology that utilizes any of the described products (e.g.,
BodySensor products) a support software application package can be
installed (e.g., by the user) on the user's computer, as shown at
816. The installation process can require the user to provide data.
The product purchased may be connected with an existing telephone
line, Internet connection, cable connection, or other communication
medium that supports an appropriate communication protocol, as
shown at 818. Using this protocol, data can be communicated to and
stored by a server. In some embodiments, a customer can interact
with the software, supplying the company or operator of the data
engine system with data about the customer, as shown at 820. When
utilizing sensor products, the customer can subscribe to additional
services, as shown at 822. These services can include, for example,
processing the data for a physical therapist, monitoring the
training exercises of a baseball coach's players, etc.
[0151] In some embodiments, the data engine has the ability to
associate a client with a service provider, as shown at 824. The
service provider can be a professional in any field. For example,
the service provider can be a doctor seeking to assist patients, a
major-league sports team searching for athletes, etc. For example,
the service provider can be a licensee and/or original equipment
manufacturer (OEM) of products. Each client can be required to
authorize any service provider, thus granting that service provider
(or class of service providers) access to the client's information.
More than one service provider can access a client's data. Personal
information about the client can be locked, as shown at 826, so
that service providers can not access the data without specifically
requesting the locked information.
[0152] FIG. 9 illustrates an example system for data collection
and/or storage. With regard to the purchase of products and
services, a world-wide-web server 910 can allow users 912 to access
information (through a firewall 914) from servers 916, and
potentially purchase products and/or services. A sales database 920
can store client-specific information and data relating to services
purchased, as shown at 922 and 924. A corporate network 940 can
include an accounting database 930, accessed through a server 934,
that can include the same information described above, and other
information relating to billing, etc., as shown at 932. The data
described above can be accessed through corporate workstations 942,
for example.
[0153] With regard to body movement or other system data, client
servers 980 can allow users 988 to upload and/or download data
(through a firewall 984) to or from servers 986. A user's
workstation 982 can be a cell phone, a desktop computer, a laptop
computer, a personal digital assistant, an MCU as described above,
etc. The system data 972 can be stored in a client short term
database 970 using server 974, for example. In some embodiments,
even if a user does not choose (or pay for) long term storage of
the system data, it can be stored in a long term research database
960. The research data 962 can be accessed through a server 964
from a corporate research network 950 using workstations 952, for
example.
[0154] As illustrated in FIG. 9, client and system information can
stored in a number of different databases. The association of a
client's name to the user ID can be stored in a secure database
that can require executive level approval to access the data from
the client's name and/or ID. This can guarantee the client's
privacy but also allows a company administering the program to use
the clients' data. In some embodiments, a client can approve a
company's use of the data by agreeing to the licensing terms in a
contract, for example. In some embodiments, a client may want to
make his or her data available to another individual. An example is
a college baseball player trying out for a major league time and
the team specifically asking for data on his performance starting
in high school. This type of a request can be processed either
using the client's service agreement and or a contract with the
major league baseball team.
[0155] 1. Example Operation of a Data Engine
[0156] A data engine process can begin when a user requests
demonstration software or purchases a sensor product, as
illustrated in FIG. 10. From a main page 1012, a user can begin a
registration process 1013 and fill out a registration form 1014.
Upon receipt (and/or verification) of the registration form, the
system can send the user a registration code to authorize the
demonstration or other program, as shown at 1016. Thus, when the
customer checks out (e.g., from an on-line store) the customer can
receive an authorization code that will allow him or her to
download software from a Web server and install the software right
away and start using it. The demonstration or other program can
then be downloaded, as shown at 1018, or sent to the customer on a
disc or other physical medium as shown at 1020. In some cases,
(e.g., if the customer doesn't download the software), a copy of
the software can be shipped with the product (e.g., sensor units).
In some embodiments, the software is required to access any of the
related services provided online.
[0157] FIG. 11 illustrates offline and online registration options.
For example, once the customer installs the software and enters the
registration code at a main page 1112, the client software can
display a welcome message 1114, while attempting to connect with a
services server. The registration server can request an approval
for the registration code from an account authorization server. The
registration code can be linked to a user's account, which can have
information about which applications and/or service levels have
been purchased by (or which demos have been sent to) that user.
This information can be returned to the client application,
enabling each item. Thus, the registration code can determine to
which "business unit(s)" the user is titled to have access. Once
the client applications are enabled, the client application
displays a registration page (e.g., an online registration page
1116 or an offline registration page 1118) for the user to
complete. The client application will send a second request to
register the new user and an account ID created and the association
with the sales order. Support can be supplied if the purchaser and
the user are two different individuals. Online registration can
enable online demonstration and level 1 access, for example, as
shown at 1120. Offline registration can enable demo application
from a demo CD as shown at 1122. Thus, once registered, the user
can have access to all of the services purchased and any specific
features that are offered to individuals that have not purchased
services. Applications can be available on a corporate server 1124
for online registration, and on a CDROM 1126 for offline
registration.
[0158] In some embodiments, the user can install on his or her body
the sensors purchased and collect a sample of data to review. Once
the data is captured, it is transferred to the client computer
using either an SD Flash memory card (like a digital camera) or a
wireless interface if purchased. In some embodiments, at this point
the user can view the data collected and playback the motions that
were captured.
[0159] The user, after capturing the data, can select the upload
command and the client computer can automatically log the user into
the account ID that was registered. In some embodiments, all of the
data captured can be automatically uploaded when the authorization
is approved to the appropriate file server. The data stored on the
appropriate file server can be available for a time (e.g., about 90
days or about 30 days or about 60 days) before it is transferred to
the Long Term Research Database 960 (see FIG. 9) where it can be
stored indefinitely. In some embodiments, some data about the user
can be stored that can reveal information about the user including
all physical measurements, age, sex, etc. These data can be used
when searching for specific age or height groups for research
studies. Customers can request services to be performed on their
data. For example, a customer's golf backswing can be analyzed
(e.g., to determine why the customer's golf game has changed in the
last two week or months). The Long Term Research Database 960
(illustrated in FIG. 9) can contain all of the customer records and
can be used to search for contracted data types. The research group
can convert company-specific data formats to customer-specific
requirements.
[0160] As illustrated in FIG. 12, a web server (WS) (e.g., the web
server 910 or client servers 980 shown in FIG. 9) can give users
and/or customers access to various aspects of communication with
the provider (e.g., a company) and the provider's "learning center"
to satisfy the user needs. New users can build accounts that allow
additional users (max number per license) access to different
support levels. In some embodiments, all software update and
customer upgrades can be handled using the WS. In some embodiments,
the WS can be configured to be easy to use for any person with or
without computer knowledge.
[0161] In some embodiments, a user may log in 1212 to a server
(e.g., using a username and password) and gain access to a data
storage and analysis page. The system can determine if any new data
is available to be uploaded to the server, as shown at 1214. If
not, the system can proceed to analysis steps discussed below
(e.g., at 1220), but if so, the data is uploaded, as shown at 1216.
Once uploaded, the data on the user PC can be marked as uploaded,
as shown at 1218.
[0162] The system can prompt the user to indicate if the
customer-controlled data should be analyzed, as shown at 1220. If
so, the data can be analyzed by the user (or the user's PC), as
shown at 1222, but if not, the user can be prompted to request or
decline an analysis or consultation on data as shown at 1228. If
requested, the consultation is performed, as shown at 1230. The
data analysis options can be offered based on level of service a
customer has purchased. The data can either be "raw" data that the
user analyzes independently (with or without the help of the user's
system or personal computer, for example) as shown at 1222, or it
can be analyzed by a consultant or another server, as shown at 1228
and 1230. An analysis report can be sent to the user.
Alternatively, a coach can have access to the data of a user and
perform evaluations and analysis of the data.
[0163] At this point, the system can check for software and
hardware updates, as shown at 1224. If there are updates, the
system can go to an update page 1226 that provides the user more
information about those updates and allows software updates to be
ordered, downloaded, etc. Information can be provided to the user
about new products or the user can also be directed to an on line
store, for example. If there are not updates, or once any updates
have been installed or declined, the system can prompt the user, as
shown at 1232, about whether or not to exit 1234. If a user
declines to exit, the system can repeat the analysis steps,
beginning at 1220, as shown. If a user elects to exit, the
connection to a web server can be closed with a message thanking
them for using the services, with further company contact
information offered by email response, or via a customer
representative telephone number.
[0164] In some embodiments, an athlete's performance can be
enhanced and research can be advanced using data collected from
that athlete. Furthermore, an athlete can receive consulting
services that can be automated or personalized.
[0165] 2. Example System Configuration for Use with a Network
[0166] FIG. 13A schematically illustrates an example client/server
system 1300 that provides communication between a user and a host
server through a network. The system 1300 can be used to transfer
biometric and biomechanical data, biomechanical performance
fingerprints, biometric instruction, images, video, audio, and
other information between a user and the host server. The system
1300 can be implemented in the context of the systems shown and
described with reference to FIG. 9 (and with FIGS. 14 and 15
described below).
[0167] In block 1304 of FIG. 13A, the user can interact with the
system 1300 with a client application such as, for example, a
browser that can display text, graphics, multimedia data, etc. The
client application can run on a processor such as a personal
computer, cell phone, personal digital assistant (PDA), pocket PC,
or other portable communications and/or computing device. The
client application may include a static and/or dynamic user
interface (e.g., an HTML or ASP-based browser). Information may be
transferred over a network 1312 using a suitable formatting
protocol that enables the definition, validation, and/or
interpretation of data. For example, information content may be
described using an extensible markup language (e.g., XML or SGML),
and the format or style of the information can be described using
an extensible style language (e.g., XSL). In some world-wide-web
applications, hypertext markup language (HTML) is used. The
formatting of the client side applications, browsers, and
information can be selected to provide a "user experience" that
makes it easy for the user to transfer information between the
client applications and the server applications.
[0168] The network 1312 may be any suitable network suitable for
communicating data and information such as, for example, the
Internet or a telecommunications network such as a cell phone
network. Information is communicated via the network 1312 between
the client applications (in block 1304) and the host server system
(in blocks 1316-1340). The host server may include one or more
processors (e.g., server computer systems, workstations, and/or
mainframes) that implement the server functions. For example, the
server system may include a business logic layer indicated in
blocks 1316 and 1320 that provides a set of data management
functions and business specific logic. For example, the business
logic layer may determine an access level for the user which
determines, in part, the data the user can access and the functions
the user can invoke. The business logic layer may include
server-side scripting such as, e.g., active server pages (ASP)
scripting and other data resource management workflow components.
Other scripting languages such as Perl, Java Server Pages (JSP), or
hypertext preprocessor (PHP) are used in other implementations.
[0169] The system 1300 also includes a data layer in block 1324
that provides the business logic layer (blocks 1316 and 1320) with
access to data stored in one or more databases. For example, data
may be stored in a sales database 1328, a user information database
1332, a file fragment database 1336, and a learning center database
1340. The business logic components in block 1320 may include a
database management system (DBMS) that provides database access and
manipulation functions. In some implementations, a structured query
language (SQL) is used to implement the database functions, and
information from queries is returned in XML format. The databases
1328-1340 advantageously may be stored in normalized form (e.g.,
3NF) to reduce or minimize data redundancy, data restructuring, and
input/output (I/O) rates by reducing the transaction size.
Additionally, the DBMS may enforce referential integrity to prevent
users or components from entering inconsistent data in the
databases 1328-1340. In some implementations, one or more of the
databases 1328-1340 may comprise short term storage and long term
storage as discussed below with reference to FIG. 14. In order to
maintain privacy of a user's biomechanical data, it is advantageous
to structure the databases 1328-1340 so that the data is associated
with a unique user identification string but not with the user's
personal name or address.
[0170] In certain embodiments, the sales database 1328 includes
information related to purchase of biometric and biomechanical
products and services by a user. For example, the data may include
user identification information, user address and contact
information, user payment information, and user purchase
information. The user information database 1332 include
user-specific information needed for certain biometric and
biomechanical applications such as, for example, a user's gender,
birth date, height, and weight. The user information database 1332
may also include a user-type to identify a category for the user
(e.g., player, team, coach, trainer, billed user, patient, medical
provider, etc). Users of the system can have various identified
relationships between or among each other, for example:
player/coach; player/billed user; player/team; player/medical
provider; player/trainer, etc.
[0171] The user information database 1332 may also include
information related to the user's body such as the length or size
of the user's arms, legs, torso, waist, etc. Such information may
be further subdivided into, for example, the user's forearm and
upper arm length, hand length, wrist size, etc. User body
information such as this may be measured during an initial
calibration session with the user, or such information may be
measured from a garment used to hold the sensors (e.g., the garment
200 shown in FIG. 2A). User body information may be updated as the
user ages or as the user's body shape changes. User body
information stored in the user information database 1332 may be
used to calculate sensor positions and orientations (e.g., via the
quaternion methods described above).
[0172] The file fragment database 1336 contains information for
storage and retrieval of user files. For example, in one
implementation, a root folder is created to store data records and
information generated during a particular day. Each day a new root
folder is created, up to a maximum of N root folders. For example,
in one embodiment, N can be set to 90 to store ninety days of data.
When a new root folder is created, data stored in the oldest root
folder may be deleted or may be archived in a long term database
(e.g., the long term research database 960 shown in FIG. 9; see
also the discussion of short term storage 1462 and long term
storage 1464 below with reference to FIG. 14).
[0173] The learning center database 1340 may include information
related to the user's biometric and/or biomechanical movements
(e.g. a golfer's swing, a pitcher's throw, a patient's movements
during rehabilitation). For example, the learning center database
1340 may include a time sequence of acceleration, velocity,
position, and/or orientation data read out from some (or all) of
the sensors while the user performs a movement. The business logic
components in block 1320 may include executable program components
that access the biometric data in the learning center database 1340
so as to provide a biometric analysis of the user's movements. For
example, the biometric analysis may provide a performance
fingerprint, graph, chart, or video. The biometric analysis may
include statistical data (e.g., histograms, performance comparisons
to a suitable population, etc.) by which the user can track his or
her biometric progress.
[0174] The client/server system 1300 shown in FIG. 13A can be used
to transfer user data into the databases 1328-1340 and/or to
access, modify, and extract data from the databases 1328-1340. For
example, the client applications in block 1304 can run on a user's
cell phone and the network 1312 can be a cell phone network. The
user can access program components (block 1320) that calculate the
user's performance fingerprint (or other biometric information)
from the user's biometric data stored in the learning center
database 1340. The performance fingerprint (or other biometric
information) can be transferred back through the cell phone network
1312 for audio and/or visual display on the user's cell phone. Many
variations are possible and some variations are discussed below
with reference to FIGS. 14 and 15.
[0175] FIG. 13B is a unified modeling language (UML) diagram
schematically illustrating an abstract model of a software
architecture 1350 that may be used to implement the client/server
system 1300 of FIG. 13A. FIG. 13B schematically illustrates the
flow of data and commands in the architecture 1350 and depicts
abstractions and interfaces used with the business logic layer of
the system 1300 (blocks 1316 and 1320). In the embodiment shown in
FIG. 13B, Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) is used to provide
an XML-based protocol for exchanging structured and typed
information across the network 1312 (e.g., the Internet). Blocks
1354 and 1358 are the server and client SOAP objects, respectively,
which work together to proxy calls from the client to the server
and to return requested data. The client SOAP objects 1358 may be
invoked remotely by the client. The server SOAP objects 1354 may be
executed by the server as an extension to a Network Information
Server (NIS) 1362. In some implementations, the NIS 1362 is an
Internet Information Server (IIS). Application service objects 1386
are provided to mediate user rights at a login session,
authenticate user name and password, and to manage session
tokens.
[0176] The database abstraction layer 1366 may provide access and
data formatting between a caller and the database 1328-1340. In the
architecture 1350 shown in FIG. 13B, the SOAP layer is a consumer
of the database abstraction layer 1366. Various helper objects 1370
may be created for each data type that is exchanged between the
client and the server. For example, helper objects 1370 may monitor
the progress of the data transfer, set file paths for data storage,
etc. Local data management objects 1374 are used to facilitate
storage of data on the user's client-side system. In some
implementations, the local data management objects 1374 are
configured to work like a file system in order to simplify storage
requirements.
[0177] Data and files may be exchanged between the client and the
server via a client framework 1372, client-side file transfer agent
1378, and server-side file transfer agent 1382. It is advantageous
for the client-side and server-side file transfer agents 1378 and
1382 to share a common protocol to manage file transfers between
the client and server computer systems. In some implementations the
file transfer agents 1378 and 1382 manage software upgrades and
exchange of motion data captured by the sensors described
herein.
[0178] 3. Alternative System Configurations
[0179] In some embodiments (e.g., a golf system such as the example
system 109 shown in FIG. 1B), a second processor may not be
included in the system. However, in some embodiments, a second
processor 160 (see FIG. 1), and/or additional processors (not
shown) can also be included in the system. Indeed, various
components can be included in various embodiments that can be
configured for different users.
[0180] In some embodiments, a system (e.g., a "BodySensor" system)
can have three components: the sensors, a Master Control Unit (MCU)
(see FIG. 2 for illustrations of each), and a Software ProPack
(SPP). Each component can have various (e.g., three) different
configurations. For example, a lower level system can include fewer
sensors, an MCU with less functionality, and an SPP with fewer or
less-advanced features. In contrast, a higher level system can
include more sensors, an MCU with more functionality, and an SPP
with more numerous or more-advanced features.
[0181] In some embodiments, the Software ProPacks ("SPP"s) are
computer programs that operate using any of a number of operating
systems, including, for example, Microsoft Windows, Linux, etc. In
some implementations of the system, there are three software packs
having increasing numbers of advanced features: "Introductory,"
"Mid-Level," and "Professional." The three packs may be provided as
three separate software packages or as three different modes within
a single software package. In other implementations, fewer or
greater levels of features may be provided. Each software pack
provides the customer with access to certain levels of provider
services. For example, each software pack can allow the user to
log-in to the provider's web site and, based on the user's service
level, obtain updates to the MCU, the sensors, and/or the SPP
features.
[0182] In one implementation, non-limiting examples of three SPP
packs (or modes) are the following:
[0183] An Introductory SPP is designed for a personal user and can
allow a user and/or a web service to track the movement and
position of the arm and upper torso. Movement tracking is
accomplished in one embodiment by positioning four sensors at
different locations on the arm. For example, sensors can be located
on the back of the hand, on the lower forearm, on the upper forearm
and on the rear side of the shoulder. Each of the sensors can be
connected to an MCU 141 that collects, monitors, and stores data.
The Introductory SPP may support monitoring of fewer (e.g., only
one) sensor. The user can utilize the provider's services to
compare new data to previously stored data and obtain professional
services to analyze the data and/or to make personalized
recommendations on improvements.
[0184] A Mid-Level SPP can offer enhancements over the Introductory
SPP including, for example, functionality to gather and process
data from an additional set of sensors for the opposite arm. The
second set of sensors can allow the MCU 141 to monitor and store
collected data for the upper body, including waistline motion, for
example. The user may have access to more local analysis of data
and the ability to set multiple data points to monitor and view.
The user can have increased access to the provider's consulting
services.
[0185] A Professional SPP can have all the functionality of the
Mid-Level SPP and can also include functionality to gather and
process data from additional sensors attached to the user's lower
body. Lower body sensors can include ankle, lower leg, and upper
leg sensors for each leg. The Professional SPP may provide
increased access to professional trainers, swing coaches, and the
like.
[0186] The software ProPacks can be executed by a computing device
(e.g., the first processor 150 or the second processor 160 [see
FIG. 1]), which can execute the functions illustrated in the
figures and described herein. The SPP may allow a user to monitor
and play back a recorded event (e.g., a golf swing or a baseball
pitch) in real time or slow motion, for example. A user can
manipulate an image corresponding to the recorded event in order to
view it from any three-dimensional position. The recorded event may
correspond to recorded movements of the user or recorded movements
of another person such as, a teammate, an instructor, a trainer, a
professional, etc. The user can invoke a reference point for
comparing his or her data to an existing stored reference (e.g.,
the user's or another's recorded events). The user may compare his
or her training exercise to the stored reference to determine
potential for improvement, for example.
[0187] Embodiments of the described invention can also be helpful
in the prevention of both serious and minor injury among sports
participants. Such injuries may include painful joint, tendon,
& muscle injuries, and more. One advantageous function is to
improve performance, training, technique, and confidence. The
product may also serve to protect its wearer from the more severe
outcomes resulting from incorrect techniques over time. Injuries
caused by poor techniques in athletics are a serious problem.
Furthermore, recovery rates from injuries caused by improper
techniques are poor and recovery techniques can cause further
injury. Recovery techniques can be less valuable than prevention
techniques when muscle, joint or tendon damage occur. Injuries
produced by trauma can be more related to function than biological
structure. Trauma may produce a variety of muscle, electrical &
physiological abnormalities.
[0188] Embodiments can be used in gaming to track the movements of
the body of a game player. Instead of using a controller that is
hand-operated, for example, a player can move his or her body in a
way to control the player's character in a game. Information can be
transmitted from the sensors on a player to a processor (e.g., an
MCU) as described above with respect to sports embodiments (e.g.,
wirelessly).
III. Wireless Communication Systems and Methods
[0189] FIG. 14 illustrates an example system 1410 with components
that can communicate data wirelessly. The illustrated system 1410
is similar to that described above with respect to FIG. 1B. The
system 1410 can include a wireless telecommunications device 1412,
e.g., a mobile telephone or a cellular phone ("cell phone"). The
wireless telecommunications device 1412 can function as the
transceiver 140, the first processor 150, and/or the second
processor 160 of the system 110 (see FIG. 1). The wireless
communications device 1412 may be a disposable cell phone or a
prepaid cell phone. The wireless telecommunications device 1412 may
be capable of transmitting and/or receiving electromagnetic signals
(e.g., RF signals). The wireless telecommunications device 1412 may
include a visual display having, for example, text and/or graphics
capabilities. Graphics capabilities can include two-dimensional
graphics and/or three-dimensional graphics.
[0190] The telecommunications device 1412 can include internal data
storage and/or one or more internal processors. In some embodiments
of the system 110, some or all of the processing of the signals
from the sensors 140 is performed by the wireless
telecommunications device 1412. The wireless telecommunications
device 1412 can be used to transmit data, images, graphics,
messages, etc. between the first and second users 152 and 162 (see
the arrow 116), between either of the processors 150, 160 and the
users 152, 162 (see the arrows 114, 115), and/or between the
sensors 130 and the transceiver 140, and/or between the transceiver
140 and the first processor 150 (see the arrow 112). Many
variations are possible, and the aforementioned description of the
telecommunications uses of the device 1412 is intended to be
illustrative and non-limiting. It is recognized that the wireless
telecommunications device 1412 can be used for virtually any
component of the system 110 wherein it is desired or feasible to
receive, transmit, and/or process data.
[0191] In some embodiments the wireless telecommunications device
1412 is, for example, a conventional cell phone; however, in other
embodiments, the device 1412 is, for example, a cell phone
augmented or enhanced with additional processor and/or transceiver
components that are configured for biometric data processing,
analysis, data packetizing, transmission, or reception. For
example, an expansion slot in a personal digital assistant or cell
phone can be filled with microchips or other electronic devices
configured to allow collection of body movement data. In some
embodiments, the augmented cell phone is delivered to the end user
(e.g., the first or second users 152, 162). In some embodiments,
the cell phone is equipped with one or more card slots (e.g., a
PCMCIA slot) that are configured for a separate biometric data
device that performs suitable biometric data analysis, processing,
transmission, and/or reception functions. It is preferred, but not
necessary, that the biometric analysis, processing, transmission,
and/or reception functions be carried out according to an industry
standard or protocol so that biometric data is readily
transportable from and/or between different devices 1412 and
systems 110.
[0192] FIG. 14 shows one example embodiment that illustrates
certain features of the system 310. In this embodiment, four
sensors (e.g., "head," 1422, "upper back," 1424, "lower back,"
1426, and "shoe" 1428) are attached to the user, although fewer or
more sensors can be used in other embodiments. This embodiment is
an implementation of a system for a user playing golf (similar to
the system shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B). In other embodiments, the
sensors can be configured for use with, for example, baseball,
softball, swimming, tennis, or another sport or exercise. In this
embodiment, wireless sensors are used that transmit signals over a
suitable wireless network (e.g., Bluetooth, 802.11, RF, etc.). The
sensor signals may be received by a display 1430 (e.g., the
interface box 153 shown in FIG. 1B). The sensor signals may also be
sent to the wireless telecommunications device 1412 (e.g., a cell
phone). In some embodiments, a laptop 1440 can be connected (e.g.,
via a USB cable 1442 or internal wiring) to a wireless transmitter
1444 that can communicate with the display 1430 and/or the sensors
1422-1428. The wireless device 1412 (and/or the laptop 1440) can
communicate through a wireless network (and/or the internet) 1450
to a remote server 1460, which can be connected to short-term data
storage 1462 and/or long-term data storage 1464.
[0193] In some embodiments, sensor signals relating to the
biometric and biomechanical movements of the user are transmitted
to the wireless telecommunications device 1412, through a wireless
network, and then through the same and/or a different wireless
network, to the server. The server is preferably configured to
perform processing (e.g., biometric processing) of the sensor
signals. For example, the server can preferably convert the sensor
output (which in some embodiments comprises position, orientation,
velocity, acceleration, and/or magnetic field data) to a graphics
format that illustrates the biomechanical motions performed by the
user. The biomechanical motions can include, for example, the
movement and rotation of the limbs and torso of the user during an
athletic act. In some embodiments, the server processes the sensor
signals so as to generate a graphics output that can be used by a
graphical display to show the position and movements of the user's
body. In other embodiments, the server can combine the sensor
signal data to generate a performance "fingerprint" as further
discussed herein. The server can communicate the graphics output
and/or the fingerprint information through the wireless network
(and/or the internet) to the telecommunications device 1412 (and/or
the laptop).
[0194] In certain embodiments, the telecommunications device 1412
is configured to display the performance fingerprint or the
graphics output so that the user can obtain real-time (or near
real-time) feedback on his or her athletic performance or other
movement. For example, the telecommunications device 1412 can be
configured to display an image, graphic, movie, or video showing,
e.g., the user's golf swing. The telecommunications device 1412 can
also optionally display the performance fingerprint, and/or other
performance metrics to enable the user to track his or her athletic
or rehabilitation progress. The telecommunications device 1412 can
display instructional information to improve the user's athletic
performance. Many types of information can be communicated between
the server, the telecommunications device 1412, and/or the laptop,
and the above examples are intended as non-limiting illustrations
of the types of possible information.
[0195] In some embodiments, the server 1460 stores the sensor
signal data and/or the graphics output and/or the performance
fingerprint information in data storage (e.g., short term storage
1462 and/or long term storage 1464) where it can be retrieved later
as needed. In some embodiments, the server is configured to compare
the present user data with prior user data so as to generate a
performance metric indicative of the user's athletic progress. For
example, the server may communicate (e.g., through the wireless
network 1450) graphics output of a prior golf swing by the user (or
by a professional or an instructor or a coach) to be compared with
the present golf swing of the user.
[0196] In some embodiments, the data storage comprises short term
data storage and long term data storage. For example, certain data
may be stored in short term data storage 1462 for easy retrieval
(e.g., the short term storage may comprise an array of hard disks
having fast access times), while other data may be stored in long
term data storage 1464 (e.g., an archival data storage system that
may comprise, for example, hard disks, optical disks, magnetic
tapes, etc.). The server 1460 in some implementations is configured
to access the data storage to perform data mining operations
designed to extract implicit, previously unknown, and potentially
useful information from the data. For example, the server 1460 may
mine the stored data for correlations among performance
fingerprints. After finding a group of users with similar
performance fingerprints, the server can communicate this
information to, for example, a coach, an athletic gear
manufacturer, or other product or service provider, which can then
efficiently offer suitable products and/or services to the
group.
[0197] The stored data can be mined for biometric, biomechanical,
medical, performance, and marketing information related to the
users of the system. Many examples are possible, and the following
are intended to be non-limiting. The data may be retrieved for
segmentation studies of the types of athletes who use the system.
The data may be mined for marketing related purposes, such as to
gather sell-through data, to obtain customer relationship
management ("CRM") data, to provide bundled products and devices
having sports content and/or a biometric theme (e.g., a golf phone
with golf content cards, ring tones, wallpapers designed to match
the user's performance fingerprint or other stored data). The CRM
data and the sell-through data can be further mined, for example,
to deliver targeted offers, updates, incentives, rebates, and/or
upgrades to selected users.
[0198] In some embodiments, the user can communicate with one or
more web sites that offer content, instruction, products, and/or
services related to sports, athletics, exercise, and/or biometric
and biomechanical applications. The user can access the web site(s)
via the telecommunications device 1412 and/or a computer (e.g., the
laptop 1440). Data related to the user's web site access (e.g., CRM
data and/or sell-through data) can be stored on the data storage
system and then tracked and mined. It is recognized that many
marketing, advertising, and promotional opportunities are provided
by the user performance data and web site(s) access data that can
be stored by the storage device and processed or mined by the
server.
IV. Biometric and Biomechanical Data Services System
[0199] FIG. 15 illustrates further examples and embodiments of a
system, including optional combinations of components. Users 1552,
such as baseball or softball players, golfers, runners, and the
like, can attach one or more sensors 1531 to portions of their body
to collect and/or process biometric data. In some embodiments, the
users 1552 are examples of the subject 120 (FIG. 1). In some
embodiments, the users 1552 are also examples of the first user 152
(FIG. 1). The biometric data can be intercommunicated among some or
all of the various components of the system as shown by the
examples in FIG. 15.
[0200] In some embodiments, the biometric data is communicated to
one or more devices 1512 such as, for example, the MCU 141, the
interface device 153, and/or a wireless telecommunications device
1412a (e.g., a cell phone). The devices 1512 are examples of the
first processor 150 (FIG. 1). In some embodiments, the devices 1512
include a storage device 1510 such as a flash memory device (e.g.,
an SD memory card) that can be used to store the data for transport
to another hardware device (e.g., a computer such as a laptop
computer). The device 1512 can also include a component that
performs biometric data processing or data packaging, transmission,
or reception. For example, the processing component may be an
add-on or built-in feature of the telecommunications device 1412a
(e.g., a card inserted into a card slot in a cell phone). In some
embodiments, the storage device 1510 is combined with one of the
other devices 1512 so that a wireless or other connection is not
necessary. Data can be stored on the storage device 1510 and
manually transported when the storage device 1510 is decoupled from
a slot in another device (such as a slot in the MCU 141 or the cell
phone 1412a, for example).
[0201] With further reference to FIG. 15, biometric data can be
communicated to a processor 1514 (e.g., a desktop or laptop
computer), which is an example of the second processor 160 (FIG.
1). In other embodiments, biometric information is additionally (or
optionally) communicated through the internet (or a wireless
network) 1515 to other processors or devices. For example, the
biometric information can be communicated through the internet 1515
to a learning center 1516 (which may be a web-based computer
system). The learning center 1516 can comprises processors and
server computers that also are examples of the second processor
160. The second user 162 can access the biometric information in
the learning center 1516. For example, some examples of the second
user 162 include the subject 120 (FIG. 1) (which can be the user
1552), the user him or herself 1562a (which can be the same as the
user 1552), a coach or instructor 1562b, a doctor, physician, sport
psychologist, or trainer 1562c, etc. In various embodiments, the
biometric data can be stored in a storage device 1520 (e.g., stored
in a database). In some embodiments, the data is stored in a
database 1520 before being made available to a learning center
1516.
[0202] In some embodiments, the biometric data can be transferred
to a device 1518 such as a computer (e.g., a laptop computer)
and/or a telecommunications device 1412d. The device 1518 can
communicate the biometric information to, e.g., the learning center
1516 and/or the users 1562a-1562c, and/or the database 1520
substantially similarly as described above. In this embodiment,
either the device 1518, the telecommunications device 1412d, or a
combination of both can be the first processor 150, and can perform
some of the functions described above with respect to the MCU 141,
for example.
[0203] In some embodiments, the user 1552 can have a device such as
the cell phone 1412b that performs both the role of the first
processor 150--by obtaining data from the sensors 1531 and relaying
it to a database 1520 and or a web-based learning center 1516--and
also allows the user 1552 to access the learning center 1516 via
the web 1515. For example, a golfer can upload data relating to a
golf swing, that data can be processed, and the results can be
relayed back to the golfer by way of the screen on the golfer's
telecommunications device 1412b.
[0204] In certain embodiments, the user 1552 can utilize a
telecommunications device 1412b (e.g., a cell phone and/or personal
digital assistant) to communicate biometric data through a wireless
network (and/or the internet) to the learning center 1516, other
telecommunications devices 1412c, other computers, processors,
storage devices, etc. In some embodiments, the second user 162
(e.g., another user 1562a, the coach 1562b, or the doctor 1562c)
can use a telecommunications device 1412c to communicate with the
first user 152 (e.g., the person 1552 engaged in the athletic
activity). The second user 162 can, for example, view the biometric
data from the user 1552 (e.g., at the learning center 1516 or on a
computer, or on a display screen of the telecommunications device
1412c), and then can further use the telecommunications device
1412c to give personalized recommendations, instructions, coaching,
and/or diagnosis to the user 1552.
[0205] In some embodiments, the first user 152 (e.g., any of the
example users 1552 shown in FIG. 15) can communicate with the
second user 162 (e.g., any of the example users 1562a-1562c) via
the telecommunications device 1412b. This communication is
preferably a wireless communication and can include not only the
usual voice communication between the first and second users 152
and 162, but more particularly can include audible and/or visual
communication regarding biometric information (e.g., graphics or a
performance fingerprint) that is displayed on, for example, the
telecommunications devices 1412b and 1412c. In this manner, the
second user 162 and the first user 152 can use a pair of
telecommunications devices 1412b and 1412c to share biometric
information, recommendations, and instruction at any suitable time
and/or place. Additionally, in various embodiments, the user 1552
can share his or her biometric information with other users,
friends, teammates, parents, children, etc. via one or more
telecommunications devices 1412a-1412d. Since the biometric data is
stored in the storage device 1520 in many embodiments, the users
152 and 162 can retrieve, analyze, compare, process, and discuss
biometric information acquired at earlier times and/or places. The
various users 152, 162 can examine the current and prior biometric
information to, for example, assess performance improvements and
intercompare performances (e.g., between users or between a user
and a coach, a professional athlete, etc.).
[0206] Accordingly, certain preferred embodiments of the system
permit the various first and second users 152 and 162 to preserve
and share biometric data, performance data, graphical views,
performance fingerprints, assessment data via any of the devices
shown in FIG. 15 (e.g., via cell phones, laptop computers, the
internet) so as to empower the users 152, 162 to feel and stay
connected whenever, wherever, and however they need to. Embodiments
of the system provide a verbal and visual connection, which allows
users to share needs, ideas, and emotions so as to further increase
feelings of connection. Users can utilize features of the system to
stay genuinely and affirmatively connected to performance
assessment, coaches, and trainers through the connectivity provided
by embodiments of the present system.
[0207] A biometric and biomechanical data services provider (e.g.,
the provider of the sensors 1531, the operator of a website, the
server 1460 (FIG. 14), the storage systems (FIGS. 14, 15), and the
database 1520) can collect, store, and mine any of the acquired
biometric data for any suitable instructional, health-related,
marketing, promotional, advertising, or business objective. The
biometric data can be shared among doctors, trainers, and health
professionals to develop new methods to prevent or reduce injury or
to help improve recovery from injury. As is apparent from FIG. 15
(and the other Figures described herein), many types of devices and
many wired and wireless channels of communication are possible to
share biometric and biomechanical data derived from one or more
sensors 1531 among various users 1552, 1562a-1562c, devices
1412a-1412c, 1510, 1512, 1515, 1518, 1520, learning centers 1516,
websites, etc. Many uses are possible and the examples discussed
herein are intended to be illustrative and non-limiting.
V. Wireless Access Management Systems and Methods for Biometric
Data
[0208] As described above, embodiments of the disclosed system are
particularly advantageous for sharing biometric data. As used
herein, biometric data can include without limitation biomechanical
and biomedical data. Accordingly, it is beneficial to provide a
biometric data management system architecture and protocol
("Protocol") for sharing, communicating, processing, analyzing, and
otherwise using biometric data.
[0209] FIG. 16 illustrates an embodiment of a system and a process
for providing a protocol 1616. In this example, a consortium 1610
comprising two or more members is formed. The central member is a
biometric data services provider ("BDSP") 1612. An example BDSP is
an entity that provides embodiments of the systems and methods
disclosed herein. The BDSP 1612 may generally be responsible for
activities such as, for example, developing, coordinating,
producing, disseminating, and marketing intellectual property
concepts relating generally to biometric data. For example, the
BDSP 1612 may implement the systems and methods disclosed herein.
The BDSP 1612 may develop sensor technology, and the mathematical
algorithms and methods for converting sensor data to usable
biometric performance fingerprints and/or graphics. The BDSP 1612
may develop communication standards for transmitting and receiving
biometric information. For example, the BDSP 1612 may develop
standards for packetizing the biometric sensor data so as to
efficiently utilize available bandwidth in one or more
communications channels, particularly in wireless communications
channels.
[0210] In certain embodiments, the BDSP 1612 can develop hardware,
firmware, and/or software usable by the components and devices of
the system (e.g., any of the devices shown in FIGS. 14 and 15). For
example, the BDSP 1612 may develop a hardware card that is
insertable into a standard or proprietary slot on a
telecommunications device that enables the device to be compatible
with the Protocol. The BDSP 1612 may develop website(s), learning
centers (e.g., learning center 1516 in FIG. 15), instructional
tools or aids, biometric fingerprint algorithms or formulas,
graphical user interfaces, interface devices such as device 163,
etc.
[0211] The consortium 1610 may include one or more other members.
In the example shown in FIG. 16, the consortium further includes a
manufacturer 1614. The manufacturer may be a telecommunications
device manufacturer such as, for example, a wireless
telecommunications device manufacturer. The manufacturer 1614 may
have primary responsibility for producing one or more products or
devices that are compatible with the systems and methods
established by the BDSP 1612.
[0212] Another member of the consortium 1610 may be a carrier such
as, for example, a telecommunications carrier 1613, and in
particular a wireless telecommunications carrier. The carrier 1613
may, for example, develop transmission and reception standards that
are compatible with the systems and methods developed by the BDSP
1612. The carrier 1613 provides the network (e.g., a wireless
network and/or internet) that can be used to carry user's biometric
data among the components of the system (see, e.g., FIGS. 14 and
15). The carrier 1613 may also provide websites, information,
advertising, and marketing to provide easier access to products
developed by the manufacturer and sold to consumers.
[0213] Another member of the consortium 1610 can be a distributor
such as, for example, a distributor 1615 of telecommunications
devices suitable for use on the carrier's telecommunications
network. The distributor 1615 may be the direct access point by
which consumers obtain products and services from the consortium
1610.
[0214] The consortium 1610 can include fewer or more members.
Furthermore, the consortium 1610 can include more than one member
of a particular class (e.g., more than one carrier 1613).
Additionally, the consortium 1610 can include different classes
than shown in FIG. 16, e.g., wholesale and retail stores, dealers,
agents, etc. In some embodiments, the members of the consortium
1610 can perform some or all of the tasks described above, while in
other embodiments the members of the consortium 1610 perform
different tasks. The tasks may dynamically evolve as the consortium
1610 acquires new members, information, etc. In some embodiments,
the members of the consortium 1610 may share responsibility for
carrying out the tasks of the consortium. For example, the BDSP
1612 may coordinate the development of the Protocol 1616 by the
other members of the consortium 1610. Many variations are
possible.
[0215] In preferred embodiments, the consortium 1610 will produce a
biometric and biomechanical data management system architecture
(the protocol 1616) that comprises standards, rules, guidelines for
the sharing, communication, processing, analysis, and other uses of
biometric information. The protocol 1616 may reflect a consensus
among the members of the consortium 810 regarding the most
technologically efficient ways to share, communicate, and use the
biometric data. The protocol 1616 may include compatibility
standards to ensure that products and services meet the
requirements of the protocol 1616. Compliance with the protocol
1616 will ensure that products developed by the consortium 1610
(e.g., by the manufacturer) are interoperable. In one embodiment,
the consortium 1614 may promulgate a certification mark (or other
suitable trademark or trade dress) for use on protocol-compliant
products and services. In preferred embodiments, the standards of
the protocol 1616 will be compliant with and generally determined
by the systems and methods provided by the BDSP.
[0216] Members of the consortium 1610 generally will agree to
provide products and services that conform to the Protocol 1614.
Entities not members of the consortium 1610 generally will be
precluded from providing products and services that claim to be
protocol compliant, without, for example, paying licensing fees or
royalties to the consortium.
[0217] The consortium 1610 generally will develop a
Protocol-compliant line 1618 of products and services including,
for example and without limitation, goods, devices, components,
hardware, firmware, software, websites, learning or training
centers, training, instruction, and treatment methodologies. The
consortium 1610 may develop proprietary trade secrets relating to
the protocol 1614. Additionally, the consortium 1610 may develop
other valuable intellectual property relating to biometric data and
its uses. Typically, the protocol-compliant line 1618 will be
marketed and sold to consumers 1622. An important group of
consumers 1622 include the first and second users 152 and 162 of
the system 110. However, in other embodiments the
protocol-compliant line 1618 may be sold or marketed to non-members
of the consortium 1610 for further sales or marketing to
wholesalers, retailers, and/or consumers. Many variations are
possible.
[0218] One embodiment relates generally to providing
protocol-compliant wireless technology devices such as, for
example, cellular telephones (cell phones). The cell phones may
bear a mark (such as a certification mark) indicating to the
consumer 1622 that the cell phone is compliant with the Protocol
1614 and can be used to share and communicate biometric data with
other Protocol-compliant devices. In one embodiment, the cell
phones can be delivered straight to consumers, activated,
protocol-compliant, and ready to use. In some embodiments, the cell
phones may include internal or external devices or components
manufactured by a member of the consortium 1610 so that the cell
phone can reliably and efficiently transmit biometric data over the
member carrier's network. In certain embodiments, the BDSP 1612
markets cell phones to the consumer 1622. The carrier may permit a
consumer 1622 to keep his or her current cell phone number when
purchasing a protocol-compliant cell phone. Some cell phones may
include sports-specific content (e.g., a golf or baseball phone
with suitable content cards, ring tones, and/or wallpapers). In
some embodiments, the cell phone is a disposable or prepaid cell
phone. When a consumer 1622 buys a cell phone from the BDSP 1612
and subscribes to the carrier's telecommunications network, the
BDSP 1612 may retain a fee for providing a customer to the carrier.
In other embodiments, the members of the consortium 1610 may adopt
a range of methods for sharing income streams, license fees,
royalties, etc. among themselves.
[0219] The consortium 1610 may capture and store CRM data and
sell-through data regarding the access, use, and purchase of goods
and services on websites operated by the consortium 1610 or by its
individual members. Data mining operations can examine and extract
information and correlations between CRM data, sell-through data,
and biometric data. For example, the data mining operations may
indicate that, for example, golfers having a performance
fingerprint within a certain range (e.g., corresponding to a
particular skill level) may preferentially purchase golf equipment
from one or a small group of suppliers. The consortium 1610 can
provide such information to the suppliers (for a suitable fee or
royalty) so that the suppliers can directly market or advertise to
such golfers. It is apparent that many marketing variations are
possible.
[0220] In some embodiments, the consortium 1610 may desire to
fulfill some or all of the following objectives: providing
Protocol-compliant products and services to consumers, minimizing
cross-shopping within carrier channels, driving post-sale accessory
and content purchases, facilitating analysis of promotional
campaigns, building consortium 1610 brand equity with consumers
1622, collecting CRM data to facilitate continuous marketing
dialog/relationship/research, bundling devices with sports specific
content, targeting products and services to certain segments of the
consumer market, providing offers, incentives, and rebates to
premium customers, or other suitable objectives.
[0221] FIG. 16 illustrates one example embodiment of a consortium
1610 that promotes a Protocol 1616 and protocol-compliant goods and
services 1618 to consumers 1622. Many variations are possible, and
the illustration in FIG. 16 is intended as one non-limiting
example.
VI. Applications for Military and Police Enforcement Entities
[0222] Some embodiments are systems with multiple devices (which
can be used, for example, by military entities such as dismounted
soldiers or by police entities such as a SWAT team or by other
first responders such as firefighters, emergency response
technicians, etc.). The devices can be designed to operate in a
local area network so that a group of devices can be monitored in
real time while interacting with each other (e.g., on the
battlefield). A time division multiplex system can be used to allow
monitoring of some or all of the devices and communication with
individual units and or groups through the devices. Sensors can be
miniaturized, attached to human bodies, and adapted to incorporate
a tactile feed back system for bi-directional communication of real
time graphics. For this application, sensors can be advantageously
low-power. Adding additional sensors can provide additional
information for monitoring the stance and/or status of a human:
standing, sitting, prone, firing position, injured position,
biological/medical vital signs, etc. Signals can be transmitted in
code or using a modified sign language to represent many of the
same commands that are used where visual communication is used. For
example, if a certain arm or finger position has a visual meaning
between soldiers, that same arm or finger position can be used and
monitored by sensors even when that signal is not directly visible
to the other soldier.
[0223] Sensors can be incorporated into the combat attire of
soldiers to allow collection of individual location and action
information. That information can later be presented to a unit
commander, for example. Such information can be useful in showing
heroism of a soldier or investigating alleged criminal behavior by
a soldier, for example. To demonstrate the technology, a system can
be configured to interface with current communication systems. In
some advantageous embodiments, a device that accompanies a soldier
is battery-operated and has power-conservation features. The
device's radio interface advantageously supports both standard
microphone and data interface modes, enabling the user to select
the mode of operation.
[0224] In the data mode, the transmitted data can be packetized,
coded, multiplexed, or otherwise modulated to minimize the amount
of data transmitted and the length of transmission time, while at
the same time reporting the relevant information such as location
of the user, body position, vitals, etc. Transmitted data can be
sent or broadcast by each user (e.g., each soldier, war fighter,
law enforcement personnel, etc.), and the data can be stored by the
communication system. Data from users that are out of range (e.g.,
if a user's signal is being blocked by a structure or terrain) can
be forwarded to another user that is within the signal range (and
field of view, if line-of-sight methods are used) of both units. In
some advantageous embodiments, each user can visibly see the
location (and/or other information) of other users on a display
system, which can include security settings to make sure that
information is safe. The display system can be hand-held or mounted
to be seen by a user hands-free.
[0225] In some embodiments, a unit commander can send and receive
commands to a group or individual users using brevity codes, which
provide shortened commands without concealing the content of the
commands. The brevity codes can control signaling devices.
Signaling devices can include vibration, tactile stimulus, and/or
devices that are attached to a mouth type of teeth retainer that
can modulate or vibrate a tooth or jaw. For example, a Morse code
message or other coded sequence could be transmitted to the
signaling device.
A. Mouthpiece Signaling Device
[0226] FIG. 17A is a top-view that schematically illustrates a
signaling device 1710 that can be placed in a user's mouth. In some
embodiments, the signaling device 1710 includes a tooth retainer
1718 much like those used to straighten teeth. The retainer 1718
may be configured to snap into a user's mouth to position a
miniature audio and/or tactile transducer 1742 near, for example,
the rear teeth 1715, gum, or jaw bone. The retainer 1718 may be
attached to the user's upper teeth or lower teeth. In some
implementations, retainers 1718 for both the upper and the lower
teeth are used. It is advantageous to attach the retainer 1718 to
the user's upper teeth to provide a substantially free range of
movement of the user's tongue, which allows the user to speak, eat,
and drink more naturally.
[0227] The signaling device 1710 schematically illustrated in FIG.
17a comprises a base 1720 that is attached to the retainer 1718 by
one or more clips 1722. The base 1720 may be shaped so as to
conform to the user's mouth or palate and may advantageously be
flexible to be more comfortable to wear. The base 1720 can be used
to support and position electronic circuitry within the user's
mouth. In some embodiments, the base 1720 comprises a flexible
printed circuit board (PCB) to electrically connect electronic
components of the device 1710. Although the electronic circuits are
shown in FIG. 17a as disposed on the base 1720, in other
embodiments, the circuits are disposed in or on the retainer 1718.
Such embodiments beneficially may provide less of an impediment to
speech and eating by the user.
[0228] The signaling device 1710 can contain microcircuits (e.g.,
disposed in or on the base 1720) similar to those present in radio
frequency identification (RFID) technology. Power can be supplied
to the microcircuits by an internal and/or an external power
supply. In the embodiment depicted in FIG. 17a, the device 1710
comprises a microcontroller 1730, a signal discriminator 1738, an
internal power source 1734, and an RF antenna 1726, which are
disposed on the base 1720. The microcontroller 1730 is used to
control and coordinate the functions and operation of the device
1710. The microcontroller 1730 may be configured to decode or
decrypt coded signals. The power source 1734 may include a battery
and/or a capacitive storage device, such as a supercapacitor. In
some embodiments, the device 1710 utilizes an external power
source, and the internal power source 1734 is used for backup
and/or standby power needs. In such embodiments, the internal power
source 1734 can be charged by the external power source.
[0229] The embodiment of the device 1710 shown in FIG. 17a also
includes a vibrator or modulator 1742 that provides a tactile
stimulus to a portion of the user's mouth. The modulator 1742 may
be disposed near the user's teeth, gums, or jawbone. In the
embodiment shown in FIG. 17a, the device 1710 is configured so that
the modulator 1742 is disposed adjacent the rear teeth 1715 of the
user. The modulator 1742 vibrates in response to signals from the
microcontroller 1730, and the user detects the vibrations in his or
her teeth and/or gums. In some embodiments, more than one modulator
1742 is used. For example, the device 1710 may include modulators
1742 disposed on the right and the left sides of the user's mouth,
or the front and the back of the mouth. Multiple modulators 1742
are advantageously used in applications where signals from
different senders are communicated to the user. For example, a
first modulator may indicate signals from a central command post,
while a second modulator may indicate signals from a field command
post. Many variations are within the contemplation of the present
disclosure.
[0230] Information such as, e.g., data, commands, and messages, can
be communicated to the signaling device 1710, which is configured
to communicate this information to the user through one or more
modulators 1742. For example, the device 1710 can be configured to
receive radio frequency (RF) signals transmitted from an external
transmitter, transceiver, or antenna. For example, in one
implementation, the external transmitter comprises a broom-like
microphone device including a transmitter circuit and a small
antenna. The broom-like microphone picks up voice commands to be
transmitted from a sender to the user of the device 1710. In
various implementations, the microphone and transmitter are
integrated into an existing radio assembly used by the sender,
e.g., a unit commander, or are integrated into a head set worn by
the sender. The microphone and/or transmitter can be powered by,
for example, a battery pack worn by the sender. In some
implementations, the biomechanical sensors described herein are
used to detect body movements of the sender (or sequences of body
movements), for example, hand signals, which are converted into
suitably coded signals by a controller (e.g., the MCU of FIG. 1),
and then transmitted to the user (e.g., via an RF signal). In a
preferred embodiment, the transmitted information includes both
voice commands and body movement commands.
[0231] The transmitter circuit may transmit signals
electromagnetically by means of an RF carrier plus a modulated
sub-carrier that includes the information to be communicated to the
user. In some applications, the carrier is rectified, and
electromagnetic energy in the transmitted signal is used to charge
the power source 1734. The antenna 1726 of the device 1710 can
receive the RF signals transmitted by the RF transmitter.
Information may be transmitted from remote locations via satellite
or other suitable communications link (e.g., a digital RF
link).
[0232] The transmitted signal can include information, data,
messages, commands, etc., which may be encoded via Morse or brevity
codes. The signal may be encrypted in some cases. The antenna 1726
receives the transmitted signal. In applications wherein the signal
is transmitted via an RF carrier and a modulated sub-carrier, the
RF carrier typically is present during both the transmission and
the reception of the signal. The microcontroller 1730 can be used
to decode the information carried by the sub-carrier signal. In
some implementations, information is transmitted via the
sub-carrier signal at a relatively low rate so that the
microcontroller 1730 can decode bit sequences suitable for
communicating minimal command sequences. In certain such
implementations, data can be sent to the microcontroller 1730 while
the transmit carrier is present, if the microcontroller 1730 is
configured to request the data from the transmitter. In some
embodiments, the device 1710 includes a transceiver that can be
used to establish bi-directional communications. For example, the
transceiver can request data at a polled rate from one or more
sources of transmitted signals.
[0233] As depicted in FIG. 17a, the signal received by the antenna
1726 is communicated to the signal discriminator 1738, which
decodes the received signal. For example, the decoded signal may
include a binary sequence of "1's" and "0's." The decoded signal is
communicated to the microcontroller 1730, which can determine the
message or command contained in the decoded signal (e.g., by
processing the binary sequence). In some applications, the
information may have been encrypted, and the microcontroller 1730
may decrypt the received information.
[0234] The microcontroller 1730 is configured to provide a signal
to the modulator 1742 in the user's mouth so as to provide a
physical sensation capable of being perceived by the user. The
modulator 1742 shown in FIG. 17a is a vibrator that vibrates in
response to the signal, and the vibrations can be felt by the
user's teeth or jawbone, for example. In some embodiments, the
vibration of the teeth is at a frequency (e.g., 1000 Hz) capable of
being perceived in the user's inner ear as the vibrations propagate
to the inner ear through oral and nasal bony structures. In some
embodiments, the modulator 1742 causes a physical sensation in the
mouth. The type and magnitude of the physical sensation can depend
on the frequency of modulator vibrations. In some embodiments,
vibrations can be directional (e.g., a right vibration or a left
vibration). By perceiving the physical sensation, the user can
determine the information transmitted by the sender. In some
embodiments, multiple modulators 1742 are used, for example, a
modulator 1742 on the left side and the right side of the user's
mouth. Each such modulator 1742 may cause a distinctive physical
sensation (e.g., a vibration), and the physical sensations may be
different for different modulators 1742. Multiple modulators 1742
advantageously may be used, for example, to communicate information
from multiple transmission sources (e.g., a central command post
and a field command post) or from different parts of a
battlefield.
[0235] Signals transmitted to multiple modulators 1742 may indicate
to the user a desired or commanded direction of movement (or other
action). For example, in one implementation, the modulator 1742
provides a physical sensation to indicate whether the user should
move forward, backward, right, or left. Additional or alternative
user actions can be indicated by the modulator 1742 as well, e.g.,
stand up, lie down, halt, run, return to a base, etc. It will be
recognized that many types of commands, actions, and movements can
be indicated to the user by the modulator 1742.
[0236] FIG. 17b schematically illustrates an embodiment of a
circuit 1750 that can be used with the signaling device 1710. The
circuit 1750 comprises the antenna 1726, the internal power source
1734 (depicted as a capacitor, e.g., a supercapacitor), the signal
discriminator 1738, the microcontroller 1730, and the modulator
1742. In this embodiment of the circuit 1750, the antenna 1726
receives a signal transmitted by a sender (e.g., an RF signal). The
discriminator 1738 decodes the received signal into, e.g., a binary
sequence. The microcontroller 1730 interprets the binary sequence
as commands, data, or messages to be communicated to the modulator
1742, which causes a sensory effect in the user's mouth in response
to the commands, data, or messages. The sensory effect is
perceivable by the user (e.g., as a vibration in the mouth or as a
sound in the ear) and conveys the commands, data, or messages to
the wearer.
[0237] The systems and devices described in detail above with
respect to sports applications can also be used for military
applications. As described above, depending on the number of
sensors and types of sensors, a body limb can be measured with
3-dimensional representation. Advanced motion sensor devices can
measure acceleration, rotation, speed and direction. Biometric
sensors can measure heart rate, body temperature, etc. With
multiple motion sensors, the human body position can be monitored
and measured, while transmitting the position in real time. For
example, the sensors and sensor configurations that can be used to
improve a golf swing or baseball form can also be used to indicate
that a soldier is standing, sitting, firing, or in an injured
position. This information can be displayed on local and/or remote
display units in real time and simulated playback mode. The
position or movement of arms, head, legs, etc. can be used to
signal and or indicate a response to a command. Thus, a soldier in
remote communication with his commander using this system can
acknowledge receipt of instructions with a silent nod of the head,
detectable by the body movement sensors. The sensor sampled data at
the originating user can be converted to digital data and sent to a
central communication system to be digitally transmitted to the
field unit commander. In some embodiments, the sensor data can be
relayed to a remote command center. In addition to body position,
health, etc., the speed and direction of a user can be reported by
including GPS capabilities. Preferably, the system can be used to
communicate with a user through coded signaling devices that can
instruct the wearer or user to perform actions without using audio
voice transmission.
[0238] Certain objects and advantages of the inventions are
described herein. It is to be understood that not necessarily all
such objects or advantages may be achieved in accordance with any
particular embodiment. Thus, for example, those skilled in the art
will recognize that the inventions may be embodied or carried out
in a manner that achieves or optimizes one advantage or group of
advantages as taught herein without necessarily achieving other
objects or advantages as may be taught or suggested herein. Also,
in any method or process disclosed herein, the acts or operations
making up the method/process may be performed in any suitable
sequence and are not necessarily limited to any particular
disclosed sequence.
[0239] The foregoing description sets forth various preferred
embodiments and other exemplary but non-limiting embodiments of the
inventions disclosed herein. The description provides details
regarding combinations, modes, and uses of the disclosed
inventions. Other variations, combinations, modifications,
equivalents, modes, uses, implementations, and/or applications of
the disclosed features and aspects of the embodiments are also
within the scope of this disclosure, including those that become
apparent to those of skill in the art upon reading this
specification. Accordingly, the scope of the inventions disclosed
herein is to be determined according to the following claims and
their equivalents.
* * * * *