U.S. patent application number 11/412164 was filed with the patent office on 2010-04-29 for high temperature biobased lubricant compositions from boron nitride.
This patent application is currently assigned to RENEWABLE LUBRICANTS, INC.. Invention is credited to William W. Garmier.
Application Number | 20100105583 11/412164 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 36781566 |
Filed Date | 2010-04-29 |
United States Patent
Application |
20100105583 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Garmier; William W. |
April 29, 2010 |
High temperature biobased lubricant compositions from boron
nitride
Abstract
This present invention discloses a method for the preparation of
an improved high temperature engine lubricant composition
comprising the steps of: 1) providing at least one biobased natural
oil or biobased synthetic oil selected from the group consisting of
natural or synthetic vegetable oil, natural or synthetic animal
oil, genetically modified vegetable oil, genetically modified
synthetic vegetable oil, natural or synthetic tree oil, and
mixtures thereof; 2) providing at least one boron nitride; and 3)
optionally, providing at least one base oil selected from the group
consisting of a synthetic ester, solvent refined petroleum oil, a
hydrocracked petroleum white oil, an all hydroprocessed synthetic
oil, Fischer Tropsch oil, petroleum oil group I, group II, group
III, a polyalphaolefin (PAO), and mixtures thereof; 4) optionally,
providing at least one additive or combination of additives
selected from the group consisting of anti-oxidant(s), corrosion
inhibitor(s), metal deactivator(s), viscosity modifier(s),
anti-wear inhibitor(s), friction modifier(s), and extreme pressure
agent(s); 5) blending 1), 2), 3), and 4) in any sequence to form
said composition.
Inventors: |
Garmier; William W.;
(Hartville, OH) |
Correspondence
Address: |
Emerson, Thomson & Bennett, LLC
777 W. Market Street
Akron
OH
44303
US
|
Assignee: |
RENEWABLE LUBRICANTS, INC.
|
Family ID: |
36781566 |
Appl. No.: |
11/412164 |
Filed: |
April 26, 2006 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
60675126 |
Apr 26, 2005 |
|
|
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
508/155 |
Current CPC
Class: |
C10M 2207/4045 20130101;
C10N 2020/065 20200501; C10M 2203/1006 20130101; C10M 2201/061
20130101; C10N 2020/067 20200501; C10M 2205/173 20130101; C10M
2207/401 20130101; C10M 169/04 20130101; C10M 2207/2805 20130101;
C10M 2205/0206 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
508/155 |
International
Class: |
C10M 103/00 20060101
C10M103/00 |
Claims
1. A liquid lubricant comprising: at least one biobased oil
selected from the group comprising: natural or synthetic vegetable
oils, natural or synthetic animal oils, genetically modified
vegetable oils, genetically modified synthetic vegetable oils,
natural or synthetic tree oils, and mixtures thereof; and, at least
one boron nitride, wherein the boron nitride is in suspension in
the biobased oil.
2. The lubricant of claim 1, wherein the lubricant further
comprises at least one base oil selected from the group comprising:
synthetic esters, solvent refined petroleum oils, hydrocracked
petroleum white oils, all hydroprocessed synthetic oils, Fischer
Tropsch oils, group I petroleum oils, group II petroleum oils,
group III petroleum oils, polyalphaolefins (PAOs), and mixtures
thereof, wherein the base oil, the biobased oil, and the boron
nitride are food grade.
3. The lubricant of claim 2, wherein the lubricant further
comprises: at least one additive or combination of additives
selected from the group comprising: anti-oxidants, corrosion
inhibitors, metal deactivators, viscosity modifiers, anti-wear
inhibitors, friction modifiers, and extreme pressure, wherein the
base oil, the biobased oil, the boron nitride, and the additive are
all H-1 approved food grade.
4. The lubricant of claim 1, wherein the oil is a triglyceride
having the formula ##STR00006## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and
R.sup.3 are aliphatic hydrocarbyl groups that contain from 7 to 23
carbon atoms, wherein the lubricant does not include a
thickener.
5. The lubricant of claim 4, wherein the aliphatic hydrocarbyl
groups are chosen from the group comprising: aliphatic hydrocarbon
groups, substituted aliphatic hydrocarbon groups, and hetero
groups.
6. The lubricant of claim 5, wherein the triglyceride has an oleic
acid profile of approximately 60% or above.
7. The lubricant of claim 4, wherein the triglyceride has a
monounsaturated character of approximately 60% or greater.
8. The lubricant of claim 7, wherein the triglyceride has a
monounsaturated character of approximately 70% or greater.
9. The lubricant of claim 8, wherein the triglyceride has a
monounsaturated character of approximately 80% or greater.
10. The lubricant of claim 1, wherein the oil is approximately 5%
to approximately 99.9% by weight of the lubricant and the boron
nitride is approximately 0.002% to approximately 50% by weight of
the lubricant, wherein the lubricant maintains stability at
temperatures above 500.degree. C.
11. The lubricant of claim 10, wherein the oil is approximately 65%
to approximately 99.9% by weight of the lubricant and the boron
nitride is approximately 0.002% to approximately 35% by weight of
the lubricant.
12. The lubricant of claim 11, wherein the oil is approximately 95%
to approximately 99.998% by weight of the lubricant and the boron
nitride is approximately 0.002% to approximately 5% by weight of
the lubricant.
13. The lubricant of claim 3, wherein the biobased oil is
approximately 5% to approximately 90% by weight of the lubricant,
the boron nitride is approximately 0.002% to approximately 80% by
weight of the lubricant, the base oil is approximately 20% to
approximately 80% by weight of the lubricant, and the additive is
approximately 0.001% to approximately 80% by weight of the
lubricant, wherein the lubricant maintains stability at
temperatures above 500.degree. C.
14. The lubricant of claim 13, wherein the biobased oil is
approximately 40% to approximately 80% by weight of the lubricant,
the boron nitride is approximately 0.002% to approximately 35% by
weight of the lubricant, the base oil is approximately 10% to
approximately 20% by weight of the lubricant, and the additive is
approximately 0.001% to approximately 40% by weight of the
lubricant.
15. The lubricant of claim 14, wherein the biobased oil is
approximately 60% to approximately 90% by weight of the lubricant,
the boron nitride is approximately 0.002% to approximately 5% by
weight of the lubricant, the base oil is approximately 1% to
approximately 10% by weight of the lubricant, and the additive is
approximately 0.001% to approximately 20% by weight of the
lubricant.
16. The lubricant of claim 1, wherein the oil is approximately 50%
by weight, or less, of the lubricant and the boron nitride is
approximately 50% by weight, or greater, of the lubricant, wherein
the lubricant maintains stability at temperatures above 500.degree.
C.
17. The lubricant of claim 3, wherein the biobased oil is
approximately 50% by weight, or less, of the lubricant, the base
oil, boron nitride, and additives together are approximately 50% by
weight, or greater, of the lubricant, wherein the lubricant
maintains stability at temperatures above 500.degree. C.
18. The lubricant of claim 3, wherein the biobased oil, boron
nitride, and additives together are approximately 50% by weight, or
less, of the lubricant, and the base oil is approximately 50% by
weight, or greater, of the lubricant, wherein the lubricant
maintains stability at temperatures above 500.degree. C.
19. A method for enhancing lubrication of equipment, the method
comprising the steps of: blending at least one food grade boron
nitride with at least one liquid food grade biobased oil selected
from the group comprising: natural or synthetic vegetable oils,
natural or synthetic animal oils, genetically modified vegetable
oils, genetically modified synthetic vegetable oils, natural or
synthetic tree oils, and mixtures thereof, wherein the boron
nitride is in suspension in the oil; and, adding an effective
amount of the oil and boron nitride to the equipment.
20. The method of claim 19, wherein the method further comprises
the step of: prior to adding to the equipment, blending at least
one base oil selected from the group comprising: synthetic esters,
solvent refined petroleum oils, hydrocracked petroleum white oils,
all hydroprocessed synthetic oils, Fischer Tropsch oils, group I
petroleum oils, group II petroleum oils, group III petroleum oils,
polyalphaolefins (PAOs), and mixtures thereof with the biobased oil
and boron nitride, wherein the composition contains substantially
no thickeners.
21. The method of claim 20, wherein the method further comprises
the step of: prior to adding to the equipment, blending at least
one additive or combination of additives selected from the group
comprising: anti-oxidants, corrosion inhibitors, metal
deactivators, viscosity modifiers, anti-wear inhibitors, friction
modifiers, and extreme pressure with the biobased oil, the base
oil, and the boron nitride.
22. The method of claim 20, wherein the method further comprises
the step of: providing a dry lubricating film of the boron nitride
when temperatures exceed the auto-ignition temperature of the
biobased oil, wherein the equipment is high temperature equipment,
wherein operation temperatures exceed 500.degree. C.
23. The method of claim 22, wherein the film is created without
developing hard carbon deposits.
24. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition creates a
dry lubricating film of the boron nitride when temperatures exceed
the auto-ignition temperature of the biobased oil.
25. The composition of claim 24, wherein the film is created
without developing hard carbon deposits.
26. The composition of claim 1, wherein the biobased oil is
sunflower oil, and the boron nitride is hexagonal boron nitride
powder, wherein the boron nitride is in an amount greater than 2%
by weight.
27. The lubricant of claim 1, wherein the lubricant is
substantially free of sulfur.
28. The lubricant of claim 1, wherein the boron nitride is
approximately 11% to approximately 80% by weight.
29. The lubricant of claim 28, wherein the boron nitride is
approximately 35% to approximately 80% by weight.
30. The lubricant of claim 1, wherein the boron nitride is
approximately 0.002% by weight.
31. The lubricant of claim 27, wherein the lubricant further
comprises at least one base oil selected from the group comprising:
all hydroprocessed synthetic oils, Fischer Tropsch oils, and
mixtures thereof.
Description
[0001] This application claims priority to a provisional patent
application, Ser. No. 60/675,126, filed Apr. 26, 2005, entitled
HIGH TEMPERATURE BIOBASED LUBRICANT COMPOSITIONS FROM BORON
NITRIDE.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0002] This invention relates to biobased lubricant compositions
made from natural and/or synthetic vegetable, animal, plant or tree
oil and boron nitride. These compositions provide improved
lubricity, anti-wear, and extreme pressure performance at extreme
high temperatures up to and over 1000.degree. C. These compositions
can be particularly useful in high temperature applications for
lubricating combustible engines, ovens, chains, cables, gears,
hinge pins, bearings, and sliding surfaces. The lubricant
composition can also be formulated into hydraulic fluids, turbine
oils, compressor oils, penetrating lubricants, greases, anti-seize
compounds, thread compounds, deep drawing compounds, rolling oils,
metal working fluids, release agents, and any lubricant that
requires antiwear and extreme pressure performance. In addition,
these lubricant compositions provide high dielectric strength that
is useful in electrical insulation fluids and compound.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0003] Biobased oils are obtainable in large volumes from renewable
resources derived from vegetables, animals, plants, or trees and in
general are characterized as readily biodegradable or
"environmentally non-toxic". As a result, such oils are potentially
attractive for use in a wide variety of applications and are
defined in the 2002 Farm Bill as biobased. These biobased oils are
obtained in natural and synthetic form.
[0004] With respect to use for lubrication purposes, biobased oils
have not been fully desirable. Many biobased oils do not possess
the desired spectrum of characteristics relating to: pour point;
oxidative stability; and compatibility with additives among others.
Biobased oils do however possess many desirable properties for use
as a lubricant. In particular, biobased oils typically provide high
flash point, good boundary lubrication, and very high viscosity
index that can provide fuel economy, and are less than 1%
volatility in the NOACK test which has shown to reduce engine oil
emissions. In addition, biobased oils are generally nontoxic and
readily biodegradable. For example, under standard test conditions
(e.g., OCED 301D and ASTM D-5864 test methods), a typical vegetable
oil can biodegrade up to 80% into carbon dioxide and water in 28
days, as compared to 25% or less for typical petroleum-based
lubricating fluids. The composition has exceptional benefits
whenever there is direct loss of the lubricant into the
environment. Sensitive areas include forestry, mining, marine,
agriculture, heavy industry, transportation, rail and shipping,
pulp and paper mills, saw mills, plywood mills, hoist cables and
chains in marine shipping areas, draglines, drives on straddle lift
lumber carriers, motorcycle and ATV chains, etc.
[0005] The biobased materials and the boron nitride in this
composition are listed by the USDA and NSF as food grade approved
and are environmentally non-toxic. The equipment used in the food
processing industry varies by segment with the three leading
segments comprising meat and poultry, beverages, snack foods,
vegetables, and dairy. While the equipment varies from segment to
segment, the moving parts such as bearing, gears and slide
mechanisms are similar and often require lubrication. The
lubricants most often used in these applications include oven
lubricants, chain lubricants, cable lubricants, penetrating
lubricants, anti-seize compound, thread compound, deep drawing
compound, rolling oils, mold release agents, gear oils as well as
all-purpose greases. These food industry oils must meet more
stringent standards than other industry lubricants.
[0006] Due to the importance of ensuring and maintaining safeguards
and standards of quality for food products, the food industry must
comply with the rules and regulation set forth by the United States
Department of Agriculture (USDA). The Food Safety Inspection
Service (FSIS) of the USDA is responsible for all programs for the
inspection, grading and standardization of meat, poultry, eggs,
dairy products, fruits, and vegetables. These programs are
mandatory, and this inspection of non-food compounds used in
federally inspected plants is required.
[0007] The FSIS is custodian of the official list of authorized
compounds for use in federally inspected plants. The official list
(see page 11-1, List of Proprietary Substances and Non-food
Compounds, Miscellaneous Publication Number 1419 (1989) by the Food
Safety and Inspection Service, United States Department of
Agriculture) states that lubricants and other substances that are
susceptible to incidental food contact are considered indirect food
additives under USDA regulations. Therefore, these lubricants,
classified as either H-1 or H-2, are required to be approved by the
USDA before being used in food processing plants. The most
stringent classification, H-1 is for lubricants approved for
incidental food contact. The H-2 classification is for uses where
there is no possibility of food contact and assures that no known
poisons or carcinogens are used in the lubricant. The instant
invention pertains to H-1 and H-2 approved lubricating oil. H-1 and
H-2 approved oil and the terms "food grade" will be used
interchangeably for the purpose of this application.
[0008] Although the USDA is no longer approving new ingredients and
compositions, the H-1 and H-2 classifications are still recognized
by the world food industry. NSF is now listing and approving the
food grade classification.
[0009] In addition to meeting the requirements for safety set by
federal regulatory agencies, the product must be an effective
lubricant. Lubricating oils for food processing plants should
lubricate machine parts, resist viscosity change, resist oxidation,
protect against rusting and corrosion, provide wear protection, and
resist the formation of deposits and sludge in service. The product
should also perform effectively at various lubrications regimes
ranging from hydrodynamic thick film regimes to boundary thin film
regimes.
[0010] The oxidation, and thermal characteristics of a lubricating
oil helps predict how effectively an oil will maintain its
lubricating properties over time and resist sludge and deposit
formation. Hydrocarbon oils are partially oxidized when contacted
with oxygen at elevated temperatures for prolonged periods of time
and can develop hard carbon deposits that cause seizer in close
tolerant metal to metal contact areas.
[0011] Although such lubricants have been designed to be non-toxic
as a food source contaminant their lubricating properties are often
less effective compared to conventional lubricants e.g., lubricants
not having ingredients approved for direct food contact. The
lubrication industry has, to some degree, overcome this problem by
incorporating specialty additives into the lubricant compositions.
For example, the inclusion of performance additives have been used
to enhance antiwear properties, oxidation inhibition,
rust/corrosion inhibition, metal passivation, extreme pressure,
friction modification, foam inhibition, and lubricity. Such
chemistries are described in the following patents: U.S. Pat. No.
5,538,6545 (Lawate, et al.); U.S. Pat. No. 4,062,785 (Nibert); U.S.
Pat. No. 4,828,727 (McAninch); U.S. Pat. No. 5,338,471 and U.S.
Pat. No. 5,413,7254 (Lai).
[0012] A drawback with the food-grade-lubricants described in the
related art relates to oxidation resistance, limited formulating
capability for viscosity breadth, and limited viscosity protection.
The lubricants often have poor oxidation and rheology
characteristics when subjected to prolonged heat and mechanical
stress.
[0013] Therefore, there remains a need for a lubricant that
exhibits excellent extreme pressure and anti-wear with substantial
improvements in dielectric strength, oxidation resistance,
viscosity index, viscosity breadth formulating capability, and
viscosity stability when subjected to the thermal and mechanical
stresses. In addition, this composition can provide a dry
lubricating film when temperatures exceed the auto-ignition
temperatures of the biobase oils without developing hard carbon
deposits.
[0014] U.S. Pat. No. 4,783,274 (Jokinen et al., Nov. 8, 1988) is
concerned with an anhydrous oily lubricant, which; is based on
vegetable oils, which is substituted for mineral lubricant oils,
and which, as its main component, contains triglycerides that are
esters of saturated and/or unsaturated straight-chained C.sub.10 to
C.sub.22 fatty acids and glycerol. The lubricant is characterized
in that it contains at least 70 percent by weight of a triglyceride
whose iodine number is at least 50 and no more than 125 and whose
viscosity index is at least 190. As its basic component, instead of
or along with the said triglyceride, the lubricant oil may also
contain a polymer prepared by hot-polymerization out of the said
triglyceride or out of a corresponding triglyceride. As additives,
the lubricant oil may contain solvents, fatty acid derivatives, in
particular their metal salts, organic or inorganic, natural or
synthetic polymers, and customary additives for lubricants.
[0015] U.S. Pat. No. 5,538,654 (Lawate et al., Jul. 23, 1996)
describes a food grade lubricant composition which is useful as
hydraulic oil, gear oil, and compressor oil for equipment in the
food service industry. This composition comprises (A) a major
amount of a genetically modified vegetable oil and (B) a minor
amount of a performance additive. In other embodiments the
composition contains either (C) a phosphorus compound or (D) a
non-genetically modified vegetable oil.
[0016] U.S. Pat. No. 5,580,482 (Chassan et al., Dec. 3, 1996)
relates to a lubricant composition stabilized against the
deleterious effects of heat and oxygen said composition comprising
a triglyceride oil or an oil which is an ester wherein unsaturation
is present in either the alcohol moiety or the acid moiety and an
effective stabilizing amount of either an N,N-disubstituted
aminomethyl-1,2,4-triazole or an N,N-disubstituted
aminomethyl-benzotriazole and a higher alkyl substituted amide of
dodecylene succinic acid.
[0017] U.S. Pat. No. 5,888,947 (Lambert et al., Mar. 30, 1999
relates to a composition that has three main components: a base
oil, an oil source containing hydroxy fatty acids and an oil source
containing vegetable or animal waxes. The base oil used in the
reference needs to consist of primarily triglycerols
(triglycerides) and mono- and diglycerols (glycerides) and free
fatty acids. The composition further consists of vegetable oils
where the glycerols contain hydroxy fatty acids, making up 5% to
20% of the oil. A third component is waxes composing 5% to 10% of
the oil additives by volume. Additional synthetic mimics or natural
products derived from animal or vegetable compounds may be added up
to 5% of the compositional volume.
[0018] U.S. Pat. No. 6,300,292 (Konishi et al., Oct. 9, 2001
relates to a hydraulic oil composition comprising vegetable oil
with a total degree of unsaturation of 0.3 or less as base oil, and
comprising at least one antioxidant selected from the group
consisting of a phenol antioxidant, an amine antioxidant and a zinc
dithiophosphate antioxidant in an amount of 0.01 to 5% by mass
based on the total amount of the composition.
[0019] U.S. Pat. No. 6,312,623 (Oommen et al., Nov. 6, 2001) is
directed to an electrical insulation fluid comprising at least 75%
of a high oleic acid triglyceride composition that comprises fatty
acid components of at least 75% oleic acid, less than 10%
diunsaturated fatty acid component; less than 3% triunsaturated
fatty acid component; and less than 8% saturated fatty acid
component; and wherein said composition is further characterized by
the properties of a dielectric strength of at least 35 KV/100 mil
gap, a dissipation factor of less than 0.05% at 25.degree. C.,
acidity of less than 0.03 mg KOH/g, electrical conductivity of less
than 1 pS/m at 25.degree. C., a flash point of at least 250.degree.
C. and a pour point of at least -15.degree. C., and one or more
additives selected from the group of an antioxidant additive, a
pour point depressant additive and a copper deactivator.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0020] One aspect of the present invention is to extend the variety
and compass of additives and base oils useful for improving the
properties of high temperature, environmental, and
food-grade-lubricants. The applicant has now discovered that when
boron nitrides are formulated into the inventive compositions, the
compositions show enhanced lubricity, anti-wear, extreme pressure,
and oxidation resistance in extreme high temperatures up to and
above 1000.degree. C. In addition, the present invention provides a
high dielectric strength that is beneficial in insulating fluids
and compounds. These compositions can be particularly useful in
high temperature applications for lubricating combustible engines,
ovens, chains, cables, gears, hinge pins, bearings, and sliding
surfaces. The lubricant composition can also be formulated into
hydraulic fluids, turbine oils, compressor oils, penetrants,
greases, anti-seize compounds, thread compounds, deep drawing
compounds, rolling oils, metal working fluids, release agents, and
any lubricant that requires anti-wear and extreme pressure
performance. Because of the chemical structure of the lubricant
base oil(s) with the boron nitrides these inventive compositions
burns relatively free from abrasive hard carbon deposits allowing
the boron nitride white powder to remain on the surface to be
lubricated. This inventive composition also helps prevent the
continuous build up of hard carbon deposits that cause seizing in
the contact zone of close tolerant areas, which is a known problem
with petroleum hydrocarbons.
[0021] Furthermore, the inventive compositions have shown to have
improved lubricity, anti-wear, and extreme pressure performance at
temperatures above 500.degree. C. where graphite and molybdenum are
known to fail.
[0022] Furthermore, the inventive compositions have shown to have
environmental benefits in engine oils by improving fuel economy and
reducing emissions.
[0023] Furthermore, the inventive compositions can be formulated to
be food grade and have shown to have improved biodegradability
making them environmentally non-toxic.
[0024] Another aspect of the present invention relates to an
environmentally non-toxic and food-grade high temperature lubricant
comprising: a) at least one biobased natural oil and biobased
synthetic oil selected from the group consisting of natural or
synthetic vegetable oil, natural or synthetic animal oil,
genetically modified vegetable oil, genetically modified synthetic
vegetable oil, natural or synthetic tree oil, and mixtures thereof;
b) providing at lease one boron nitride and c) optionally, other
base oils and d) optionally, other additives wherein said
composition ingredients have H-1 and H-2 approval as required by
the United States Department of Agriculture. It is understood that
the H-1 and H-2 designation will ultimately relate to a comparable
classification in countries outside the United States in most
cases.
[0025] In another aspect, the present invention discloses a method
for the preparation of an environmentally non-toxic and food grade
high temperature lubricant composition comprising the steps of 1)
providing at least one biobased natural oil or biobased synthetic
oil selected from the group consisting of natural or synthetic
vegetable oil, natural or synthetic animal oil, genetically
modified vegetable oil, genetically modified synthetic vegetable
oil, natural or synthetic tree oil, and mixtures thereof; 2)
providing at least one boron nitride; and 3) optionally, providing
at least one base oil selected from the group consisting of a
synthetic ester, solvent refined petroleum oil, a hydrocracked
petroleum white oil, an all hydroprocessed synthetic oil, Fischer
Tropsch base oil, petroleum oil group I, group II, group III, a
polyalphaolefin (PAO), and mixtures thereof; 4) optionally,
providing at least one additive selected from the group consisting
of anti-oxidant(s), corrosion inhibitor(s), metal deactivator(s),
viscosity modifier(s), anti-wear inhibitor(s), friction
modifier(s), extreme pressure agent(s), and emulsifier(s); 5)
blending 1), 2), 3), and 4) to form said composition.
[0026] Another aspect of the invention relates to a method of
enhancing the lubrication of equipment that require biodegradable
fluids, engine oils that reduce environmental emissions and improve
fuel economy, and equipment used in the food service industry,
comprising the steps of: 1) providing at least one environmentally
non-toxic and food-grade high temperature lubricant composition
comprising; a) at least one biobased natural oil or biobased
synthetic oil selected from the group consisting of natural or
synthetic vegetable oil, natural or synthetic animal oil,
genetically modified vegetable oil, genetically modified synthetic
vegetable oil, natural or synthetic tree oil, and mixtures thereof;
b) at least one boron nitride; and c) optionally, other base oils
and; d) optionally, other additives 2) adding an effective amount
of said composition into said equipment.
[0027] In accordance with another aspect of the present invention,
a lubricant includes at least one biobased oil selected from the
group comprising: natural or synthetic vegetable oils, natural or
synthetic animal oils, genetically modified vegetable oils,
genetically modified synthetic vegetable oils, natural or synthetic
tree oils, and mixtures thereof and at least one boron nitride.
[0028] In accordance with another aspect of the present invention,
the lubricant further comprises at least one base oil selected from
the group comprising: synthetic esters, solvent refined petroleum
oils, hydrocracked petroleum white oils, all hydroprocessed
synthetic oils, Fischer Tropsch oils, group I petroleum oils, group
II petroleum oils, group III petroleum oils, polyalphaolefins
(PAOs), and mixtures thereof.
[0029] In accordance with another aspect of the present invention,
the lubricant further includes at least one additive or combination
of additives selected from the group comprising: anti-oxidants,
corrosion inhibitors, metal deactivators, viscosity modifiers,
anti-wear inhibitors, friction modifiers, and extreme pressure.
[0030] In accordance with another aspect of the present invention,
the oil is a triglyceride having the formula
##STR00001##
wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 are aliphatic hydrocarbyl
groups that contain from about 7 to about 23 carbon atoms.
[0031] In accordance with another aspect of the present invention,
the aliphatic hydrocarbyl groups are chosen from the group
comprising: aliphatic hydrocarbon groups, substituted aliphatic
hydrocarbon groups, and hetero groups.
[0032] In accordance with another aspect of the present invention,
the triglyceride has an oleic acid profile of approximately 60% or
above. In another embodiment, the oleic acid profile can be any of
the following percentages: 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69,
70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86,
87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, and 100.
[0033] In accordance with another aspect of the present invention,
the triglyceride has a monosaturated character of approximately 60%
or greater. In another embodiment, the monosaturated character can
be any of the following percentages: 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66,
67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83,
84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, and
100.
[0034] In accordance with another aspect of the present invention,
the triglyceride has a monosaturated character of approximately 70%
or greater. In another embodiment, the monosaturated character can
be any of the following percentages: 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76,
77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93,
94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, and 100.
[0035] In accordance with another aspect of the present invention,
the triglyceride has a monosaturated character of approximately 80%
or greater. In another embodiment, the monosaturated character can
be any of the following percentages: 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86,
87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, and 100.
[0036] In accordance with another aspect of the present invention,
the oil is approximately 5% to approximately 99.9% by weight of the
lubricant and the boron nitride is approximately 0.002% to
approximately 50% by weight of the lubricant. In another
embodiment, the oil can be any of the following percentages: 5, 6,
7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23,
24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40,
41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57,
58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74,
75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91,
92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, and 99.
[0037] In accordance with another aspect of the present invention,
the oil is approximately 65% to approximately 99.9% by weight of
the lubricant and the boron nitride is approximately 0.002% to
approximately 35% by weight of the lubricant. In another
embodiment, the boron nitride can be any of the following
percentages: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16,
17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33,
34, and 35.
[0038] In accordance with another aspect of the present invention,
the oil is approximately 95% to approximately 99.998% by weight of
the lubricant and the boron nitride is approximately 0.002% to
approximately 5% by weight of the lubricant.
[0039] In accordance with another aspect of the present invention,
the biobased oil is approximately 5% to approximately 90% by weight
of the lubricant, the boron nitride is approximately 0.002% to
approximately 80% by weight of the lubricant, the base oil is
approximately 20% to approximately 80% by weight of the lubricant,
and the additive is approximately 0.001% to approximately 80% by
weight of the lubricant.
[0040] In accordance with another aspect of the present invention,
the biobased oil is approximately 40% to approximately 80% by
weight of the lubricant, the boron nitride is approximately 0.002%
to approximately 35% by weight of the lubricant, the base oil is
approximately 10% to approximately 20% by weight of the lubricant,
and the additive is approximately 0.001% to approximately 40% by
weight of the lubricant.
[0041] In accordance with another aspect of the present invention,
the biobased oil is approximately 60% to approximately 90% by
weight of the lubricant, the boron nitride is approximately 0.002%
to approximately 5% by weight of the lubricant, the base oil is
approximately 1% to approximately 10% by weight of the lubricant,
and the additive is approximately 0.001% to approximately 20% by
weight of the lubricant.
[0042] In accordance with another aspect of the present invention,
the oil is approximately 50% by weight, or less, of the lubricant
and the boron nitride is approximately 50% by weight, or greater,
of the lubricant.
[0043] In accordance with another aspect of the present invention,
the biobased oil is approximately 50% by weight, or less, of the
lubricant, the base oil, boron nitride, and additives together are
approximately 50% by weight, or greater, of the lubricant.
[0044] In accordance with another aspect of the present invention,
the biobased oil, boron nitride, and additives together are
approximately 50% by weight, or less, of the lubricant, and the
base oil is approximately 50% by weight, or greater, of the
lubricant.
[0045] In accordance with another aspect of the present invention,
a method for enhancing lubrication of equipment includes the steps
of blending at least one boron nitride with at least one biobased
oil selected from the group comprising: natural or synthetic
vegetable oils, natural or synthetic animal oils, genetically
modified vegetable oils, genetically modified synthetic vegetable
oils, natural or synthetic tree oils, and mixtures thereof and
adding an effective amount of the oil and boron nitride to the
equipment.
[0046] In accordance with another aspect of the present invention,
the method further comprises the step of prior to adding to the
equipment, blending at least one base oil selected from the group
comprising: synthetic esters, solvent refined petroleum oils,
hydrocracked petroleum white oils, all hydroprocessed synthetic
oils, Fischer Tropsch oils, group I petroleum oils, group II
petroleum oils, group III petroleum oils, polyalphaolefins (PAOs),
and mixtures thereof with the biobased oil and boron nitride.
[0047] In accordance with another aspect of the present invention,
the method further comprises the step of prior to adding to the
equipment, blending at least one additive or combination of
additives selected from the group comprising: anti-oxidants,
corrosion inhibitors, metal deactivators, viscosity modifiers,
anti-wear inhibitors, friction modifiers, and extreme pressure with
the biobased oil, the base oil, and the boron nitride.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
(A) The Triglyceride Oil
[0048] In practicing this invention, the base oil is a synthetic
triglyceride or a natural oil of the formula
##STR00002##
wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are aliphatic hydrocarbyl
groups that contain from about 7 to about 23 carbon atoms. The term
"hydrocarbyl group" as used herein denotes a radical having a
carbon atom directly attached to the remainder of the molecule. The
aliphatic hydrocarbyl groups include the following: (1) Aliphatic
hydrocarbon groups; that is, alkyl groups such as heptyl, nonyl,
undecyl, tridecyl, heptadecyl; alkenyl groups containing a single
double bond such as heptenyl, nonenyl, undecenyl, tridecenyl,
heptadecenyl, heneicosenyl; alkenyl groups containing 2 or 3 double
bonds such as 8,11-heptadecadienyl and 8,11,14-heptadecatrienyl.
All isomers of these are included, but straight chain groups are
used in this embodiment. (2) Substituted aliphatic hydrocarbon
groups; that is groups containing non-hydrocarbon substituents
which, in the context of this invention, do not alter the
predominantly hydrocarbon character of the group. Those skilled in
the art will be aware of suitable substituents; examples are
hydroxy, carbalkoxy, (especially lower carbalkoxy) and alkoxy
(especially lower alkoxy), the term, "lower" denoting groups
containing not more than 7 carbon atoms. (3) Hetero groups; that
is, groups which, while having predominantly aliphatic hydrocarbon
character within the context of this invention, contain atoms other
than carbon present in a chain or ring otherwise composed of
aliphatic carbon atoms. Suitable hetero atoms will be apparent to
those skilled in the art and include, for example, oxygen, nitrogen
and sulfur.
[0049] The triglyceride oils suitable for use in this invention are
the vegetable and animal oils and modified vegetable and animal
oils. The biobased oil triglycerides are naturally occurring oils.
By "naturally occurring" it is meant that the seeds from which the
oils are obtained have not been subjected to any genetic altering.
Further, by "naturally occurring" it is meant that the oils
obtained are not subjected to esterification hydrogenation or any
chemical treatment that alters the di- and tri-unsaturation
character. The naturally occurring biobased oils having utility in
this invention comprise at least one of soybean oil, rapeseed oil,
sunflower oil, coconut oil, lesquerella oil, canola oil, peanut
oil, corn oil, cottonseed oil, palm oil, safflower oil, meadowfoam
oil, animal oil, or castor oil.
[0050] The triglyceride oils may also be modified vegetable and
animal oils. Triglyceride oils are modified either chemically or
genetically. Hydrogenation of naturally occurring triglycerides is
the primary means of chemical modification. Naturally occurring
triglyceride oils have varying fatty acid profiles. The fatty acid
profile for naturally occurring sunflower oil is
TABLE-US-00001 palmitic acid 70 percent stearic acid 4.5 percent
oleic acid 18.7 percent linoleic acid 67.5 percent linolenic acid
0.8 percent other acids 1.5 percent
[0051] By chemically modifying sunflower oil by hydrogenation, it
is meant that hydrogen is permitted to react with the unsaturated
fatty acid profile present such as oleic acid, linoleic acid and
linolenic acid. The object is not to remove all the unsaturation.
Further, the object is not to hydrogenate such that the oleic acid
profile is reduced to a stearic acid profile. The object of
chemical modification via hydrogenation is to engage the linoleic
acid profile and reduce or convert a substantial portion of it to
an oleic acid profile. The linoleic acid profile of naturally
occurring sunflower oil is 67.5 percent. It is a goal of chemical
modification to hydrogenate such that the linoleic acid is reduced
to about 25 percent. That means that the oleic acid profile is
increased from 18.7 percent to about 61 percent (18.7 percent
original oleic acid profile plus 42.5 percent generated oleic acid
from linoleic acid).
[0052] Hydrogenation is the reaction of a biobased oil with
hydrogen gas in the presence of a catalyst. The most commonly used
catalyst is a nickel catalyst. This treatment results in the
addition of hydrogen to the oil, thus reducing the linoleic acid
profile and linolenic acid profile. Only the unsaturated fatty acid
profiles participate in the hydrogenation reaction. During
hydrogenation, other reactions also occur, such as shifting of the
double bonds to a new position and also twisting from the cis form
to the higher melting trans form.
[0053] Table I shows the oleic acid (18:1), linoleic acid (18:2)
and linolenic acid (18:3) profiles of selected naturally occurring
vegetable oils. It is possible to chemically modify, via
hydrogenation, a substantial portion of the linoleic acid profile
of the triglyceride to increase the oleic acid profile to above 60
percent.
TABLE-US-00002 TABLE I Oil 18:1 18:2 18:3 Corn oil 25.4 59.6 1.2
Cottonseed oil 18.6 54.4 0.7 Peanut oil 46.7 32.0 -- Safflower oil
12.0 77.7 0.4 Soybean oil 23.2 53.7 7.6 Sunflower oil 18.7 67.5
0.8
[0054] Genetic modification occurs in the seed stock through
natural field hybridization or in a controlled laboratory under
more direct genetic modification. The harvested crop then contains
a triglyceride oil that when extracted has a much higher oleic acid
profile and a much lower linoleic acid profile. Referring to Table
I above, a naturally occurring sunflower oil has an oleic acid
profile of 18.7 percent. A genetically modified sunflower oil has
an oleic acid profile of 81.3 percent and linoleic acid profile of
9.0 percent. One can also genetically modify the various vegetable
oils from Table I to obtain an oleic acid profile of above 90
percent. The chemically modified vegetable oils comprise at least
one of a chemically modified corn oil, chemically modified
cottonseed oil, chemically modified peanut oil, chemically modified
palm oil, chemically modified coconut oil, chemically modified
castor oil, chemically modified canola oil, chemically modified
rapeseed oil, chemically modified safflower oil, chemically
modified soybean oil, chemically modified animal oil, and
chemically modified sunflower oil.
[0055] In one embodiment, the aliphatic hydrocarbyl groups of
R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 are such that the triglyceride has a
monounsaturated character of at least 60 percent, in another
embodiment, at least 70 percent, and in another embodiment, at
least 80 percent. Triglycerides having utility in this invention
are exemplified by vegetable oils that are genetically modified
such that they contain a higher than normal oleic acid content.
Normal sunflower oil has an oleic acid content of 25-30 percent. By
genetically modifying the seeds of sunflowers, a sunflower oil can
be obtained wherein the oleic content is from about 60 percent up
to about 90 percent. That is, the R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3
groups are heptadecenyl groups and the R.sup.1COO--, R.sup.2COO--
and R.sup.3COO-- to the 1,2,3-propanetriyl group CH.sub.2CHCH.sub.2
are the residue of an oleic acid molecule. U.S. Pat. No. 4,627,192
and U.S. Pat. No. 4,743,402 are herein incorporated by reference
for their disclosure of the preparation of high oleic sunflower
oil.
[0056] For example, a triglyceride comprised exclusively of an
oleic acid moiety has an oleic acid content of 100% and
consequently a monounsaturated content of 100%. Where the
triglyceride is made up of acid moieties that are 70% oleic acid,
10% stearic acid, 13% palmitic acid, and 7% linoleic acid, the
monounsaturated content is 70%. In one embodiment, the triglyceride
oils are high oleic acid, that is, genetically modified vegetable
oils (at least 60 percent) triglyceride oils. Typical high oleic
vegetable oils employed within the instant invention are high oleic
safflower oil, high oleic canola oil, high oleic peanut oil, high
oleic corn oil, high oleic rapeseed oil, high oleic sunflower oil,
high oleic cottonseed, high oleic lesquerella oil, high oleic palm
oil, high oleic castor oil, high oleic meadowfoam oil and high
oleic soybean oil. Canola oil is a variety of rapeseed oil
containing less than 1 percent erucic acid. One high oleic
vegetable oil is high oleic sunflower oil obtained from Helianthus
sp. This product is available from AC Humko, Cordova, Tenn., 38018
as TriSun.TM. high oleic sunflower oil. TriSun 80 is a high oleic
triglyceride wherein the acid moieties comprise 80 percent oleic
acid. Another high oleic vegetable oil is high oleic canola oil
obtained from Brassica campestris or Brassica napus, also available
from AC Humko as RS high oleic oil. RS80 oil signifies a canola oil
wherein the acid moieties comprise 80 percent oleic acid.
[0057] It is further to be noted that genetically modified
vegetable oils have high oleic acid contents at the expense of the
di-and tri-unsaturated acids. A normal sunflower oil has from 20-40
percent oleic acid moieties and from 50-70 percent linoleic acid
moieties. This gives a 90 percent content of mono- and
di-unsaturated acid moieties (20+70) or (40+50). Genetically
modifying vegetable oils generate a low di- or tri-unsaturated
moiety vegetable oil. The genetically modified oils of this
invention have an oleic acid moiety:linoleic acid moiety ratio of
from about 2 up to about 90. A 60 percent oleic acid moiety content
and 30 percent linoleic acid moiety content of a triglyceride oil
gives a ratio of 2. A triglyceride oil made up of an 80 percent
oleic acid moiety and 10 percent linoleic acid moiety gives a ratio
of 8. A triglyceride oil made up of a 90 percent oleic acid moiety
and 1 percent linoleic acid moiety gives a ratio of 90. The ratio
for normal sunflower oil is 0.5 (30 percent oleic acid moiety and
60 percent linoleic acid moiety).
[0058] It is further to be noted that a triglyceride can be
processed into a biobased synthetic ester and any of the above
natural, chemically modified, and genetically modified, vegetable
oils, tree oils, plant oils, and animal oils can be made into
synthetic esters through an esterification process described
further in this patent. Synthetic esters include polyesters,
diesters, complex esters, and simple esters including methyl and
ethyl esters. Additional patents that describe esterification
include U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,051,539; 6,018,063; 5,885,946; 5,427,704;
5,338,471; 6,018,063; 5,994,278; 5,773,391; 6,583,302B 1;
6,774,091; and US 2003/0069146.
(B) Boron Nitrides
[0059] Advanced Ceramics Corporation is the world's largest
producer of boron nitride powders, shapes and coatings, as well as
other specialty ceramics.
[0060] Boron nitride powder is a soft, white lubricious (slippery)
powder with unique characteristics that make it an attractive,
performance-enhancing alternative to graphite, molybdenum disulfide
and other frequently used inorganic solid lubricants. With its
superior adherence and thermochemical stability, boron nitride
presents an opportunity for applications where conventional solid
lubricants break down or fail to deliver the desired
performance.
[0061] This inorganic solid powder retains its ability to lubricate
in extreme cold or heat and is well suited to extreme pressure (EP)
applications. It is environmentally friendly and inert to most
chemicals. It displays excellent electrical insulating properties
and maintains those properties in vacuum, unlike graphite.
[0062] Current lubrication applications include solid polymer
composite shapes, dispersed additives in petroleum solvents, oils
and greases, metal-ceramic electrode-position coatings, aqueous and
oil dispersions used as release agents, and constituents of epoxy
coatings, thermal spray coatings and plasma spray coatings.
[0063] Boron nitride is a highly refractory (heat-resistant,
stable) material with physical and chemical properties comparable
to graphite. But, unlike graphite, it does not occur naturally in
nature. It is typically synthesized from boric oxide or boric acid
in the presence of urea or urea derivatives and ammonia, at
temperatures ranging from 800.degree. C. to 2000.degree. C.
[0064] The two common crystalline structures of BN are cubic and
hexagonal. Cubic boron nitride, (c)BN, is like diamond, being hard
and abrasive; and hexagonal boron nitride, (h)BN, is like graphite,
being soft and lubricious.
[0065] The following discusses the key material properties of (h)BN
that make it an ideal solid lubricant for high performance
applications.
[0066] Hexagonal boron nitride powder exhibits the same
characteristics of solid lubricants found in graphite and
molybdenum disulfide. These include crystalline structure, low
shear strength, adherence of the solid lubricant film, low
abrasivity, and thermochemical stability. In many instances, (h)BN
exceeds the performance levels of these conventional solid
lubricant characteristics, particularly adherence and
thermochemical stability.
[0067] Until recently, methods for measuring the coefficient of
friction or "slip" characteristics of powders were vague at best.
For example, the INSTRON method commonly used for determining
coefficient of friction, is unable to discern the difference
between various grades of (h)BN powder, although the differences
are clearly perceptible by feel. To compare the "slip" of (h)BN to
other solid lubricants, a new test apparatus was developed in
conjunction with Falex Corporation.
[0068] The results of this test, seen in FIG. 1, clearly show that
(h)BN yielded the lowest coefficient of friction versus all the
other materials tested by this method.
[0069] To compare the extreme pressure (EP) characteristics of
(h)BN to graphite, molybdenum disulfide and other lubricants, Falex
4-Ball EP tests were conducted on Fomblin.RTM. oil samples
containing 5 wt % of each material.
[0070] Two grades of (h)BN, two grades of graphite, molybdenum
disulfide (MoS.sub.2), antimony oxide (SbO.sub.2) and Teflon (PTFE)
were tested. Table 2 shows the results of these tests. Both the
(h)BN samples showed higher weld points than any of the others.
(The weld point is the amount of applied weight-kilograms of force
[kgf]--that causes the lubricant to break down, allowing welding or
metal-to-metal transfer.) Scar data (s pattern of metal removal
prior to reaching the weld point) shows that, at baseline loading,
one grade of (h)BN has slightly higher values than other solid
lubricants; but at 400 kgf, both grades of (h)BN compare favorably
to the group. (Baseline loading is defined as the weld point of the
pure test fluid that--for this figure--was 315 kgf.)
[0071] Advanced Ceramics produces several grades of boron nitrides
for lubricants. The New Boron Nitride Powder NX Grades are listed
for lubricants and include NX1, NX5, NX9, and NX10. In one
embodiment, the grade for filtration and solubility is NX1 which
has a particle size of 1 micron or smaller.
TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 2 Weld Average Scar Diameter (mm) Sample Point
(kgf) @ 315 kgf @ 400 kgf Fomblin .RTM. (F), control 315.000 WELD
F/5% BN (Grade E) 620.000 0.902 1.024 F/5% BN (Grade B) 620.000
0.850 0.984 F/5% MoS.sub.2 500.000 0.861 1.001 F/5% SbO.sub.2
400.000 0.082 WELD F/5% Graphite (S4742) 400.000 0.839 WELD F/5%
Graphite (GP603) 400.000 0.851 WELD F/5% Teflon 500.000 no data
1.110
(C) The Other Oils
[0072] The (A) and (B) composition of this invention may further
comprise other additives and oils comprising (C) (1) a synthetic
ester base oil, (C) (2) a polyalphaolefin or (C) (3) unrefined,
refined or rerefined oils, (C) (4) a synthetic all hydroprocessed
oil and Fischer Tropsch base oils, as well as mixtures of two or
more of any of (C) (1), (C) (2), (C) (3), and (C) (4). The
synthetic ester base oil (C) (1) comprises the reaction of a
monocarboxylic acid of the formula
R.sup.8COOH,
a dicarboxylic acid of the formula
##STR00003##
or an aryl carboxylic acid of the formula
R.sup.10--Ar(COOH).sub.p
wherein R.sup.8 is a hydrocarbyl group containing from about 4 to
about 24 carbon atoms, R.sup.9 is hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group
containing from about 4 to about 50 carbon atoms, R.sup.10 is
hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group containing from 1 up to about 24
carbon atoms, m is an integer of from zero to about 6 and p is an
integer of from 1 to about 4; with an alcohol of the formula
##STR00004##
wherein R.sup.11 is an aliphatic group containing from 1 to about
24 carbon atoms or an aromatic group containing from 6 to about 18
carbon atoms, R.sup.12 is hydrogen or an alkyl group containing 1
or 2 carbon atoms, t is from 0 to about 40 and n is from 1 to about
6.
[0073] Within the monocarboxylic acid, R.sup.8, in this embodiment,
contains from about 6 to about 18 carbon atoms. An illustrative but
non-exhaustive list of monocarboxylic acids are the carboxylic
acids of butanoic acid, hexanoic acid, octanoic acid, nonanoic
acid, decanoic acid, undecanoic acid, dodecanoic acid, palmitic
acid, stearic acid and oleic acid, as well as isomers of these
acids and mixtures thereof.
[0074] Within the dicarboxylic acid, R.sup.9, in this embodiment,
contains from about 4 to about 24 carbon atoms and m is an integer
of from 1 to about 3. An illustrative, but non-exhaustive, list of
dicarboxylic acids are succinic, glutaric, adipic, pimelic,
suberic, azelaic, sebacic, maleic, and fumaric acids.
[0075] As aryl carboxylic acids, R.sup.10, in this embodiment,
contains from about 6 to about 18 carbon atoms and p is 2. Aryl
carboxylic acids having utility are benzoic, toluic, ethylbenzoic,
phthalic, isophthalic, terephthalic, hemimellitic, trimellitic,
trimeric, and pyromellitic acids.
[0076] Within the alcohols, R.sup.11, in this embodiment, contains
from about 3 to about 18 carbon atoms and t is from 0 to about 20.
The alcohols may be monohydric, polyhydric or alkoxylated
monohydric and polyhydric. Monohydric alcohols can comprise, for
example, primary and secondary alcohols. In one embodiment, the
monohydric alcohols, however, are primary aliphatic alcohols,
especially aliphatic hydrocarbon alcohols such as alkenols and
alkanols. Examples of the monohydric alcohols from which R.sup.11
is derived include 1-octanol, 1-decanol, 1-dodecanol,
1-tetradecanol, 1-hexadecanol, 1-octadecanol, oleyl alcohol,
linoleyl alcohol, linolenyl alcohol, phytol, myristyl alcohol
lauryl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol,
and behenyl alcohol.
[0077] Examples of polyhydric alcohols are those containing from 2
to about 6 hydroxy groups. They are illustrated, for example, by
the alkylene glycols such as ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol,
triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol,
tripropylene glycol, dibutylene glycol, tributylene glycol, and
other alkylene glycols. One class of alcohols suitable for use in
this invention are those polyhydric alcohols containing up to about
12 carbon atoms. This class of alcohols includes glycerol,
erythritol, pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol, gluconic acid,
glyceraldehyde, glucose, arabinose, 1,7-heptanediol,
2,4-heptanediol, 1,2,3-hexanetriol, 1,2,4-hexanetriol,
1,2,5-hexanetriol, 2,3,4-hexanetriol, 1,2,3-butanetriol,
1,2,4-butanetriol, quinic acid, 2,2,6,6-tetrakis (hydroxymethyl)
cyclohexanol, 1-10-decanediol, digitaloal, and the like.
[0078] Another class of polyhydric alcohols for use in this
invention are the polyhydric alcohols containing 3 to 10 carbon
atoms and particularly those containing 3 to 6 carbon atoms and
having at least three hydroxyl groups. Such alcohols are
exemplified by a glycerol, erythritol, pentaerythritol, mannitol,
sorbitol, 2-hydroxymethyl-2-methyl-1,3,propanediol
(trimethylolpropane), bis-trimethylolpropane, 1,2,4-hexanetriol and
the like.
[0079] The alkoxylated alcohols may be alkoxylated monohydric
alcohols or alkoxylated polyhydric alcohols. The alkoxy alcohols
are generally produced by treating an alcohol with an excess of an
alkylene oxide such as ethylene oxide or propylene oxide. For
example, from about 6 to about 40 moles of ethylene oxide or
propylene oxide may be condensed with an aliphatic alcohol.
[0080] In one embodiment, the aliphatic alcohol contains from about
14 to about 24 carbon atoms and may be derived from long chain
fatty alcohols such as stearyl alcohol or oleyl alcohol.
[0081] The alkoxy alcohols useful in the reaction with the
carboxylic acids to prepare synthetic esters are available
commercially under such trade names as TRITON.RTM., TERGITOL.RTM.
from Union Carbide, ALFONIC.RTM. from Vista Chemical, and
NEODOL.RTM. from Shell Chemical Company. The TRITON.RTM. materials
are identified generally as polyethoxylated alkyl phenols which may
be derived from straight chain or branched chain alkyl phenols. The
TERGITOLS.RTM. are identified as polyethylene glycol ethers of
primary or secondary alcohols; the ALFONIC.RTM. materials are
identified as ethyoxylated linear alcohols which may be represented
by the general structure formula
CH.sub.3(CH.sub.2).sub.xCH.sub.2(OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2).sub.nOH
wherein x varies between 4 and 16 and n is a number between about 3
and 11. Specific examples of ALFONIC.RTM. ethoxylates characterized
by the above formula include ALFONIC.RTM. 1012-60 wherein x is
about 8 to 10 and n is an average of about 5.7; ALFONIC.RTM.
1214-70 wherein x is about 10-12 and n is an average of about 10.6;
ALFONIC.RTM. 1412-60 wherein x is from 10-12 and n is an average of
about 7; and ALFONIC.RTM. 1218-70 wherein x is about 10-16 and n is
an average of about 10.7.
[0082] The NEODOL.RTM. ethoxylates are ethoxylated alcohols wherein
the alcohols are a mixture of linear and branched alcohols
containing from 9 to about 15 carbon atoms. The ethoxylates are
obtained by reacting the alcohols with an excess of ethylene oxide
such as from about 3 to about 12 or more moles of ethylene oxide
per mole of alcohol. For example, NEODOL.RTM. ethoxylate 23-6.5 is
a mixed linear and branched chain alcoholate of 12 to 13 carbon
atoms with an average of about 6.5 ethoxy units.
[0083] As stated above, the synthetic ester base oil comprises
reacting any above-identified acid or mixtures thereof with any
above-identified alcohol or mixtures thereof at a ratio of not more
than 1 COOH per 1 OH group using esterification procedures,
conditions and catalysts known in the art.
[0084] In some instances, not all the OH groups are reacted with
the COOH groups. Examples of these synthetic ester base oils are
glycerol mono-oleate and glycerol di-oleate whose reactions
respectively, appear below.
##STR00005##
[0085] When glycerol mono-oleate and glycerol di-oleate are used as
(C) (1), it is common for a mixture of isomers of glycerol
mono-oleate to be present and also for a mixture of isomers of
glycerol di-oleate to be present.
[0086] Additional information on biobased synthetic esters and
esterification procedures was included in a recently published
paper presented to the United Soybean Board by Dr. Herman Benecke,
a researcher at the Battelle Memorial Institute in Columbus, Ohio,
titled "Recent Developments in Soybean Oil-Based Biolubricants."
Dr. Benecke reported the work conducted by Renewable Lubricants,
Inc. that was contracted by Battelle to evaluate and determine
methods of application to use Battelle inventive biobased synthetic
esters.
[0087] A non-exhaustive list of companies that produce synthetic
esters and their trade names are BASF as Glissofluid, Ciba-Geigy as
Reolube, JCI as Emkarote, Oleofina as Radialube and the Emery Group
of Henkel Corporation as Emery.
[0088] The polyalphaolefins (C) (2) such as alkylene oxide polymers
and interpolymers and derivative thereof where the terminal
hydroxyl groups have been modified by esterification,
etherification, etc., constitute another class of oils that can be
used. These are exemplified by the oils prepared through
polymerization of ethylene oxide or propylene oxide, the alkyl and
aryl ethers of these polyoxyalkylene polymers (e.g.,
methylpolyisopropylene glycolether having an average molecule
weight of about 1000, diphenyl ether of polyethylene glycol having
a molecular weight of about 500-1000, diethyl ether of
polypropylene glycol having a molecular weight of about 1000-1500,
etc.) or mono- and polycarboxylic esters thereof, for example, the
acetic acid esters, mixed C.sub.3-C.sub.8 fatty acid esters, or the
C.sub.13 Oxo acid diester of tetraethyleneglycol.
[0089] The unrefined, refined and rerefined oils, (C) (3), as well
as mixtures of two or more of any of these can be used in the
lubricant composition of the present invention. Unrefined oils are
those obtained directly from a natural or synthetic source without
further purification treatment. For example, a shale oil obtained
directly from retorting operations, a petroleum oil obtained
directly from distillation or ester oil obtained directly from an
esterification process and used without further treatment would be
an unrefined oil. Within the context of this invention, mineral
oils are under the purview of petroleum oils. Refined oils are
similar to the unrefined oils except they have been further treated
in one or more purification steps to improve one or more
properties. Many such purification techniques, such as
distillation, solvent extraction, acid or base extraction,
filtration and percolation are known to those skilled in the art.
Rerefined oils are obtained by processes similar to those used to
obtain refined oils applied to refined oils which have been already
used in service. Such rerefined oils are also known as reclaimed or
reprocessed oils and often are additionally processed by techniques
for removal of spent additives and oil breakdown products.
[0090] The all-hydroprocessed base oils (C) (4) are considered and
marketed by the lubricant industry as synthetic base oils. Recent
refining processes have formed a new class of synthetic oils. For
example, a technical paper by the Chevron Products Company
entitled: "The Synthetic Nature Of Group III Base Oils", Presented
at the 1999 Lubricants & Waxes Meeting, November 11-12, Houston
Tex. (National Petrochemical & Refiners Association) discloses
an all-hydroprocessing manufacturing route that combines three
catalytic processes to significantly and selectively change the
size, shape, and heteroatom content of the molecules to improve
their lubricating properties. Hydrogen is added at high temperature
and pressure in all three steps to make oil of exceptional
stability. Impurities such as sulfur and nitrogen are essentially
completely removed. In Group III manufacturing, feedstock is
converted to saturates, which are enriched in isoparaffins.
Reactive species, such as those containing aromatics, sulfur, and
nitrogen are virtually gone and species that create problems with
low temperature performance, such as normal paraffins, are also
eliminated. Finally, the paper concludes the analysis of the feed
and product from a commercial Group III production run, which shows
that a vast majority of feed molecules are synthetically altered by
the three catalytic processes used to make modern
all-hydroprocessed Group III base oils. These results support the
claim that modern Group III base oils, made utilizing an
all-hydroprocessing route, are essentially man-made or synthetic
and have advantages over old technology hydrocracked base oils. In
addition, their high performance in lubricant applications allows
them to be used in high performance products often formulated with
traditional synthetics such as polyalphaolefin (PAO). The reference
did not teach the use of all-hydroprocessed group III base oils as
a raw material for the preparation of biodegradable vegetable oil
based lubricants.
[0091] Patents that generally disclose lubricants that can be
formed using vegetable oil and group III oils include U.S. Pat. No.
6,103,673; U.S. Pat. No. 6,251,840; U.S. Pat. No. 6,451,745; and
U.S. Pat. No. 6,528,458 all of which are from the Lubrizol
Corporation (Wickliffe, Ohio). Additional patents include U.S. Pat.
No. 6,303,547 and U.S. Pat. No. 6,444,622 both from the Ethyl
Corporation (Richmond, Va.).
[0092] U.S. Pat. No. 6,528,458 discloses that compositions
comprising (a) an oil of lubricating viscosity; (b)
2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole (DMTD), a derivative of DMTD, or
mixtures thereof; (c) a friction modifier; and (d) a dispersant,
are useful for lubricating a transmission having a plurality of wet
clutches and a plurality of partial power transmission shafts,
wherein shifting of gears occurs by a process comprising
synchronization of an engaged and a non-engaged partial
transmission shaft and engagement of a wet clutch.
[0093] U.S. Pat. No. 6,451,745 discloses that a continuously
variable transmission can be lubricated by supplying to them a
composition of (a) an oil of lubricating viscosity; (b) a
dispersant; and (c) a detergent. At least one of the dispersant (b)
and the detergent (c) is a borated species, and the amount of boron
present in the composition is sufficient to impart improved
friction and anti-seizure properties to the composition when
employed in said transmission.
[0094] U.S. Pat. No. 6,444,622 discloses mixtures of the reaction
product of at least one C.sub.5-C.sub.60 carboxylic acid and at
least one amine selected from the group comprising: guanidine,
aminoguanidine, urea, thioruea and salts thereof and a
phosphorus-containing dispersant are useful as gear oil
additives.
[0095] U.S. Pat. No. 6,303,547 discloses that the reaction product
of at least one C.sub.5-C.sub.60 carboxylic acid and at least one
amine selected from the group comprising: guanidine,
aminoguanidine, urea, thioruea, and salts thereof is useful as a
gear oil additive.
[0096] U.S. Pat. No. 6,251,840 discloses a lubricating/functional
fluid composition which exhibits in use improved antiwear and
antifoaming properties. The improvements result from use of
2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole and derivatives thereof together
with silicone and/or fluorosilicone antifoam agents.
[0097] U.S. Pat. No. 6,103,673 discloses a composition comprising
of an oil of lubricating viscosity; a shear stable viscosity
modifier; at least 0.1 percent by weight of an overbased metal
salt; at least 0.1 percent by weight of at least one phosphorus
compound; and 0.1 to 0.25 percent by weight of a combination of at
least two friction modifiers provides an improved fluid for
continuously variable transmissions. At least one of the friction
modifiers is selected from the group comprising: zinc salts of
fatty acids having at least 10 carbon atoms, hydrocarbyl
imidazolines containing at least 12 carbon atoms in the hydrocarbyl
group, and borated epoxides. The total amount of the friction
modifiers is limited to those amounts which provide a
metal-to-metal coefficient of friction of at least about 0.120 as
measured at 110.degree. C. by ASTM G-77.
[0098] The references do not disclose enabling lubricant
formulations containing a combination of vegetable oil and
hydroprocessed base oils (group III) and thus fail to teach or
suggest the advantages associated with such formulations. Because
all-hydroprocessed Group III stocks are manufactured with no
solvent refining steps, when it comes to purity, they far surpass
Group II or III base oils made in "hybrid" plants that maintain
some solvent processing. In fact, they contain the lowest levels of
impurities currently available in mineral-based oils, which, in
turn gives them a significant performance advantage.
[0099] All-hydroprocessing includes three steps as follows:
hydrocracking, hydroisomerization, and hydrofinishing. In the first
step, hydrocracking, the majority of sulfur, nitrogen, and
essentially all other non-hydrocarbon impurities are removed and
most aromatics are saturated via hydrogen addition. Molecular
reshaping of remaining saturated species occurs as rings are opened
and paraffin isomers are redistributed, driven by thermodynamics
with reaction rates facilitated by catalysts. Clean fuels are
by-products of this and subsequent steps of the process. In the
second step, hydroisomerization, n-paraffins and other molecules
with waxy side chains are isomerized into branched molecules with
much lower pour points. The majority of remaining aromatics are
saturated and the majority of remaining sulfur and nitrogen species
are removed. In the final step, hydrofinishing, any remaining
non-isoparaffin impurities (sulfur species, nitrogen species,
aromatics, and olefins) are removed to trace levels.
[0100] It is known that the all-hydroprocessed synthetics are
grouped into the old Group III base oils but because of the
synthetic process they can be improved upon and structured
(chemically and physically) to out perform the Group III range.
[0101] Another paper, "Base Oil Supply/Demand And Quality Issues"
by Dave Kramer, Chevron Texaco Global Lubricants, Presented at the
8.sup.th Annual Fuels & Lubes Asia Conference and Exhibition at
the Shangri-La Hotel, Singapore from Jan. 29 through Feb. 1, 2002
discusses another process stating that "By 2007 Fischer Tropsch
base oils (FTBOs) should emerge as the next quantum leap in base
oil quality. These oils should have higher VIs than PAOs and
outperform PAOs and existing Group IIIs in most respects. Because
Fischer Tropsch projects are driven by environmental and crude oil
production incentives, the volumes of FTBOs produced may greatly
exceed the demand for Group III and PAOs. Kline & Company
estimates that FTBO supply will swell to 10MM MT, or about 30% of
the entire base oil market by 2015."
[0102] These oils in (C) are discussed further in this patent's
references and the following patents: U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,990,055,
5,863,872, 5,736,493, 6,534,454 B1, 6,774,091.
(D) Other Additives
[0103] Anti-oxidant(s) useful in this inventions including, but not
limited to, are butyrated hydroxytoluene (BHT),
phenl-a-naphthylamine (PANA), and further information on
anti-oxidants are listed and explained in the following patents:
U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,536,493, 5,863,872, 5,990,055, 6,534,454 B1,
6,774,091.
[0104] Corrosion Inhibitor(s), Dispersant Inhibitor(s) including,
but not limited to, those previously listed and also the following:
surface-active organic acids, oxyacids, hydroxy acids, keto acids,
borated amine, paraffin wax, imadazoline derivative, alkenyl
succinic acid half ester, organic polycarboxylic acid, paraffin
wax, nonyl phenoxy acetic acid, phenates, phenolic and amine
anitoxidants, n-oleyl sarcosine, phosphorus, carboxylic acid
derivatives, zincnapthenates, Ca sulphonate(s), Ba sulphonate(s),
Ca dialkylbenzene sulphonate(s), Mg sulfonate(s), calcium
dialkabezene sulphonate, sodium oxidate, calcium oxidate, barium
oxidate, fatty acid amines, sulfurized fatty acids, amine nitrite
salts, calcium nitrite, calcium acetate, calcium dichromate,
calcium hypophosphite, disodium sebacate, sodium sulfonate(s),
sodium mercaptobenzothiazole, sodium nitrite, sodium hydroxides,
sodium salts of succinic acid/sulfonic acid, barium nitrite, barium
bromate, monoethanolamine borate, dimercapto, thiediapoles,
phosphate amines, potassium salts, potassium hydroxides, phosphate
esters, amine salts of carboxylic acids, monocarboxylic acids,
dicarboxylic acids, tall oil imidazoline, oleyl imidazoline,
vegetable waxes, alkyl zinc dithiophosphates, succinimides, esters,
or Mannich dispersant, etc. and further information on corrosion
inhibitors and dispersant inhibitors are listed and explained in
the following patent: U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,536,493, 5,863,872,
5,990,055, 6,534,454 B1, 6,774,091.
[0105] Metal Deactivator(s) including, but not limited to,
tolutriazole, tolytriazole, triazole, benzotriazole, benzothiazole,
benzoimidazole, and their derivatives. These metal deactivators and
others are discussed further in this patent's references and the
following patents: U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,990,055, 5,863,872, 5,736,493,
6,774,091.
[0106] Viscosity modifier(s), Pour Point Depressants including, but
not limited to, alone or in combination with, ethylene vinyl
acetate copolymer, polyisobutylenes, polybutenes,
polymethacrylates, olefin copolymers, esters of styrene maleic
anyhdride copolymers, hydrogenated styrene-diene copolymers,
styrene isoprene compounds, alkylated polystyrene, hydrogenated
radial polyisoprene, polyacrylate acid esters, fumed silicas, food
grade tackifiers like natural rubber, etc. These viscosity
modifiers and pour point depressants and others are discussed
further in this patent's references and the following patents: U.S.
Pat. Nos. 5,990,055, 5,863,872, 5,736,493, 6,534,454 B1,
6,774,091.
[0107] Anti-wear inhibitor(s), friction modifier(s), extreme
pressure additive(s) are, but not limited to, alone or in
combination with, as follows: synthetic ester, sulfurized synthetic
esters, synthetic ester polymers, phosphorous sulfurs, fatty
phosphites, phosphites, phosphate esters, borate ester, boron
oxide, calcium sulfonates, sodium sulfonates, polysulfides,
sulfurized fats, sulferized olefin, sulferized vegetable oils,
antimony, zinc (ZDP), copper, polytetrafluoroethylene, molybdenum,
and graphite compounds. Some of these additives serve as
multifunctional additives including antioxidants, for example zinc
dithiophosphate is a multi-function additive in that it functions
as a corrosion inhibitor, antiwear agent, and antioxidants added to
organic materials to retard oxidation. These additives and others
are discussed further in this patent's references and the following
patents: U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,990,055, 5,863,872, 5,736,493, 6,534,454
B1, 6,774,091.
[0108] Emulsifier(s) including, but not limited to, anionic and
non-ionic can also be added to the invention to improve water
emulsification or solubility of the formulas.
[0109] The invention also contemplates the use of an effective
amount of other additives in the lubricating and functional fluid
compositions of this invention. Such additives include, for
example, detergents and dispersants of the ash-producing or ashless
type, corrosion and oxidation-inhibiting agents, pour point
depressing agents, auxiliary extreme pressure and/or antiwear
agents, color stabilizers and anti-foam agents.
[0110] Complete additive packages which incorporate a dispersant
inhibitor with a conventional detergent and/or a corrosion
inhibitor could be purchased off the shelf with or in substitution
of the dispersion inhibitor. Lubrizol's LZ8955 and/or LZ9802 or
combinations thereof with each other and/or other dispersion
inhibitors may be used. The newest additive packages produced by
Lubrizol include the Core API SL LZ 20001, Anti Oxidant booster LZ
8676, and Friction Modifier booster LZ 8650 for ILSAC GF3/GF4.
[0111] These additives and others are discussed further in
Lubrizol's Data and MSDS Sheets, this patent's references, and the
following patents: U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,990,055, 5,863,872, 5,736,493,
6,534,454 B1, 6,774,091.
[0112] The compositions of the present invention comprising
components (A) and (B) or (A), (B), and (C), or (A), (B), (C), and
(D) are useful as high temperature biodegradable lubricants, food
grade lubricants, and engine oils.
[0113] When the composition comprises components (A) and (B), the
following states the ranges of these components in parts by
weight.
TABLE-US-00004 Compo- nent First Embodiment Second Embodiment Third
Embodiment (A) 5-99.9 65-99.9 95-99.998 (B) 0.002-50 0.002-35 .sup.
0.002-5
[0114] When the composition comprises components (A), (B), (C) and
(D), the following states the ranges of these components in parts
by weight.
TABLE-US-00005 Compo- nent First Embodiment Second Embodiment Third
Embodiment (A) 5-90 40-80 60-90 (B) 0.002-80 0.002-35 0.002-5 (C)
20-80 10-20 1-10 (D) 0.001-80 0.001-40 0.001-20
[0115] It is also to be recognized that concentrates of the
invention can be formed. The concentrates comprise a minor amount
of (A) with a major amount of (B), a minor amount of (A) and a
major amount of the combination of (B), (C), and (D) or a minor
amount of the combination of (A), (C), and (D) with a major amount
of (B).
[0116] The term "minor amount" as used in the description and
appended claims is intended to mean that when a composition
contains a "minor amount" of a specific material that amount is
less than 50 percent by weight of the composition.
[0117] The term "major amount" as used in the description and
appended claims is intended to mean that when a composition
contains a "major amount" of a specific material that amount is
more than 50 percent by weight of the composition.
[0118] It is understood that other components besides (A), (B),
(C), and (D) may be present within the composition of this
invention.
[0119] The components of this invention are blended together
according to the above ranges to effect solution. Order of addition
is of no consequence, although typically (B), (C), and (D) are
added to (A).
[0120] Below are some formulated examples:
[0121] NP 343 is a polyol ester from ExxonMobil that has been
identified as biobased by the USDA, Indopol H 1500 is a food grade
polybutene from British Petroleum (BP), PD23 is a white food grade
mineral oil from Witco Corporation, and Boron Nitrides are food
grade.
TABLE-US-00006 Component Viscosity % weight Formula #883 Bio High
Temperature (HT) Oven Chain and Cable Lubricant NP343 19.30 73.00
NX5 Boron Nitride Powder 3.00 Indopol H 1500 50,000.00 24.00
Specific gravity 0.952 @ 15.6.degree. C. Viscosity, cSt 174.16
@40.degree. C. Formula #883A Bio HT Lubricant ISO 100 for
multifunctional applications NP343 19.30 80.00 NX5 Boron Nitride
Powder 3.00 Indopol H 1500 50,000.00 17.00 Viscosity, cSt 96.35
@40.degree. C. Formula #883B Bio HT Oven Chain Lubricant USDA H-2
NP343 19.30 73.00 NX5 Boron Nitride Powder 3.00 Indopol H 1500
50,000.00 19.00 PD 23 2.40 5.00 Viscosity, cSt 97.19 @40.degree. C.
Formula #883C Bio HT Grease Base Oil NP343 19.30 79.50 NX1 Boron
Nitride Powder 2.50 Indopol H 1500 50,000.00 18.00 Viscosity, cSt
131.64 @40.degree. C. Formula #883D Bio HT Oven Chain Lubricant
USDA H-1 High Oleic Canola 38.71 82.50 NX1 Boron Nitride 1.10 2.50
Indopol H 1500 50,000.00 15.00 Viscosity, cSt 156.92 @40.degree.
C.
[0122] Another aspect of the invention relates to a method of
enhancing the lubrication of an engine by improving oxidation,
stability, reducing emission volatility, and reducing friction that
improves fuel economy. Reference patents that teach high
temperature oxidation stability, reducing deposits and volatility,
and friction reduction include the following: U.S. Pat. Nos.
5,990,055, 5,863,872, 5,736,493, 6,534,454 B1, 6,774,091.
[0123] These patents also teach the utilization of a synergy of two
or more antioxidants and/or antiwear extreme pressure agents and
the benefits of combining these components to reduce oxidation and
greatly lower the coefficient of friction.
[0124] Most of the informative reference patents are owned by the
applicant and/or Renewable Lubricants, Inc. with the exception of
U.S. Pat. No. 6,774,091, which is owned by Ashland Inc.
(Valvoline).
[0125] The applicant has now found that boron nitride can be used
in combination with molybdenum compounds and/or
polytetrafluoroethylene to replace one of the additives.
[0126] This present invention discloses a method for the
preparation of an improved high temperature engine lubricant
composition comprising the steps of: 1) providing at least one
biobased natural oil or biobased synthetic oil selected from the
group consisting of natural or synthetic vegetable oil, natural or
synthetic animal oil, genetically modified vegetable oil,
genetically modified synthetic vegetable oil, natural or synthetic
tree oil, and mixtures thereof; 2) providing at least one boron
nitride; and 3) optionally, providing at least one base oil
selected from the group consisting of a synthetic ester, solvent
refined petroleum oil, a hydrocracked petroleum white oil, an all
hydroprocessed synthetic oil, Fischer Tropsch oil, petroleum oil
group I, group II, group III, a polyalphaolefin (PAO), and mixtures
thereof; 4) optionally, providing at least one additive or
combination of additives selected from the group consisting of
anti-oxidant(s), corrosion inhibitor(s), metal deactivator(s),
viscosity modifier(s), anti-wear inhibitor(s), friction
modifier(s), and extreme pressure agent(s) selected in patents U.S.
Pat. Nos. 5,990,055, 5,863,872, 5,736,493, 6,534,454 B1, 6,774,091,
6,620,772, 6,624,124, 6,383,992 and provisional patents filed by
Renewable Lubricants, Inc. to include 60/474,572 and 60/502,669; 5)
blending 1), 2), 3), and 4) in any sequence to form said
composition.
[0127] It is theorized that the combination of chemical
constituents comprising the instant invention result in a reduction
of friction between moving parts of the engine so that in operation
an extremely fine film of the chemical constituents is formed on
the metal surfaces.
[0128] At the high temperature and high pressure within the engine,
the surface active ingredients react with the film continuously
forming an extremely thin lubricating layer thereon having an
extremely low coefficient of friction and wear even under extreme
temperature and pressure providing superior lubrication during the
start-up and running phase of the engine.
[0129] Below are some formulated examples that have been formulated
to 10.5-10.7 cSt. (SAE 30) with the 5W meeting the cold temperature
pumpability for the Mini Rotor Viscometer at -35.degree. C.:
TABLE-US-00007 Component Viscosity % weight Passenger Car Motor Oil
(PCMO) Synthetic SAE 5W30 Group III 4.10 67.35 LZ7070D 1150.00 9.20
LZ20001 210.00 9.15 NP343 4.30 13.00 LZ6662 500.00 1.00 LZ8676 8.00
0.50 LZ8650 8.00 0.50 Molyvan 855 55.00 0.15 NX1 Boron Nitride
Powder 0.15 Passenger Car Motor Oil Synthetic SAE 5W30 PAO4 4.10
9.85 PAO6 5.80 61.20 LZ7070D 1150.00 6.50 LZ20001 210.00 9.15
LZ8676 8.00 0.50 LZ8650 8.00 0.50 NP343 4.30 13.00 Molyvan 855
55.00 0.15 NX1 Boron Nitride Powder 0.15 Passenger Car Motor Oil
Synthetic SAE 5W30 Group III 4.10 66.70 LZ7070D 1150.00 9.20
LZ20001 210.00 9.15 NP343 4.30 13.00 LZ6662 500.00 1.00 LZ8676 8.00
0.50 LZ8650 8.00 0.50 Molyvan 855 55.00 0.10 NX1 Boron Nitride
Powder 0.10 Teflon 8.00 0.10 Passenger Car Motor Oil Synthetic SAE
5W30 PAO4 4.10 11.20 PAO6 5.80 61.20 LZ7070D 1150.00 6.50 LZ20001
210.00 9.15 LZ8676 8.00 0.50 LZ8650 8.00 0.50 NP343 4.30 13.00
Molyvan 855 55.00 0.10 NX1 Boron Nitride Powder 0.10 Teflon 8.00
0.10 Passenger Car Motor Oil Synthetic SAE 5W30 Group III 4.10
67.50 LZ7070D 1150.00 9.20 LZ20001 210.00 9.15 LZ8676 8.00 0.50
LZ8650 8.00 0.50 NP343 4.30 13.00 LZ6662 500.00 1.00 NX1 Boron
Nitride Powder 0.15 Passenger Car Motor Oil Synthetic SAE 5W30 PAO4
4.10 10.00 PAO6 5.80 61.20 LZ7070D 1150.00 6.50 LZ20001 210.00 9.15
LZ8676 8.00 0.50 LZ8650 8.00 0.50 NP343 4.30 13.00 NX1 Boron
Nitride Powder 0.15
[0130] The boron nitride particle additives sometimes disperse
better when formulated into the base oil carrier and/or biobased
oil prior to formulating. An example would be, but does not limit
to, 1 part boron nitride dispersed in 3-10 parts NP343.
TABLE-US-00008 Passenger Car Motor Oil Concentrated Additive
Formula as a Biobased Booster Package (Bio-Booster Pak) to Top
Treat Conventional Motor Oils Component Viscosity % weight NP343
4.30 66.85 LZ8676 8.00 59.00 LZ7070D 1150.00 9.00 LZ20001 210.00
9.15 LZ6662 500.00 1.00 LZ8650 8.00 3.00 Molyvan 855 55.00 2.00 NX1
Boron Nitride Powder 2.00 Teflon 8.00 2.00
[0131] This concentrated additive is formulated where an 8 ounce
bottle will treat 4-5 quarts of motor oil. Bio-Booster Pak can be
added to gasoline engines to extend the oil life and increase the
life of the engines by reducing wear and improving fuel economy.
The package has a higher percentage of extreme pressure friction
modifiers and antiwear (LZ8650 identified by Lubrizol as a friction
modifier supplement for crank case engine oils) and antioxidant
(LZ8676 identified by Lubrizol as an antioxidant supplement for
crank case engine oils to meet the new API SL/SM and ILSAC
GF3/GF4). The concentrated balance of these additives does not
exceed the treat rates when added as a concentrate to the motor
oils. The engine additive package LZ20001, the pour point
depressant LZ6662, and the viscosity modifier LZ7070D are added at
the proper percentages to help balance and not dilute the additives
already in the fully formulated engine oils. The Molyvan 855, NX1
Boron Nitride, and Teflon have also been increased to match the
percentages in the above formulas when fully formulated.
Bio-Booster Pak has been formulated to the viscosity of 12 cSt. so
when adding the additive at approximately 5% (8 ounces to 5 quarts)
to an SAE 20, SAE 30, SAE 40, or SAE 50 viscosity it will not take
the formulation out of the SAE engine oil viscosity
specification.
[0132] The Bio-Booster Pak can be formulated in the same method as
described above to meet heavy duty diesel motor (HDMO)
specifications by replacing LZ20001 with LZ4998 diesel engine
additive package with booster additives LZ8790, LZ8791, and LZ8791Z
that are commercially available and identified from the Lubrizol
Corporation. The Bio-Booster Pak can also be varied in viscosity,
for example older vehicles will receive benefits by boosting the
standard factory fill 10.5 cSt. oil to the high side of the SAE
grade of 12 cSt. This can be done by increasing the polymer or
adding a heavier viscosity biobased oil. The polymer can also be
improved by adding a more shear stable polymer as in LZ7075F
replacing LZ7070D. A proper procedure would be to formulate a
booster pack for HDMO as well as one for PCMO.
Modifications
[0133] Specific compositions, methods, or embodiments discussed are
intended to be only illustrative of the invention disclosed by this
specification. Variation on these compositions, methods, or
embodiments are readily apparent to the person of skill in the art
based upon the teachings of this specification and are therefore
intended to be included as part of the inventions disclosed
herein.
[0134] The foregoing detailed description is given primarily for
clearness of understanding and no unnecessary limitations are to be
understood therefrom, for modification will become obvious to those
skilled in the art upon reading this disclosure and may be made
upon departing from the spirit of the invention and scope of the
appended claims. Accordingly, this invention is not intended to be
limited by the specific exemplifications presented hereinabove.
Rather, what is intended to be covered is within the spirit and
scope of the appended claims.
[0135] Notwithstanding that the numerical ranges and parameters
setting forth the broad scope of the invention are approximations,
the numerical values set forth in the specific examples are
reported as precisely as possible. Any numerical value, however,
inherently contain certain errors necessarily resulting from the
standard deviation found in their respective testing
measurements.
[0136] The invention has been described with reference to several
embodiments. Obviously, modifications and alterations will occur to
others upon a reading and understanding of the specification. It is
intended by applicant to include all such modifications and
alterations insofar as they come within the scope of the appended
claims or the equivalents thereof.
* * * * *