U.S. patent application number 12/638151 was filed with the patent office on 2010-04-15 for pet food compositions.
Invention is credited to Michael Griffin Hayek, Stefan Patrick Massimino, George Roth.
Application Number | 20100092605 12/638151 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 35239720 |
Filed Date | 2010-04-15 |
United States Patent
Application |
20100092605 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Hayek; Michael Griffin ; et
al. |
April 15, 2010 |
Pet Food Compositions
Abstract
Disclosed herein are pet food compositions. In one embodiment,
pet food compositions which are described comprise a component
selected from 2-deoxy-D-glucose; 5-thio-D-glucose;
3-O-methylglucose; 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol; 2,5-anhydro-D-mannitol;
mannoheptulose; and mixtures thereof. In yet another embodiment,
pet food compositions which are described comprise an extract of
plant matter selected from avocado, alfalfa, fig, primrose, and
mixtures thereof. The pet food compositions may be prepared by any
of a variety of processes including, but not limited to, optional
processes described herein.
Inventors: |
Hayek; Michael Griffin;
(Dayton, OH) ; Massimino; Stefan Patrick;
(Kettering, OH) ; Roth; George; (Pylesville,
MD) |
Correspondence
Address: |
THE PROCTER & GAMBLE COMPANY;Global Legal Department - IP
Sycamore Building - 4th Floor, 299 East Sixth Street
CINCINNATI
OH
45202
US
|
Family ID: |
35239720 |
Appl. No.: |
12/638151 |
Filed: |
December 15, 2009 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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10842301 |
May 10, 2004 |
7666459 |
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12638151 |
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09950052 |
Sep 12, 2001 |
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10842301 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
426/2 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A23K 10/30 20160501;
A23K 50/40 20160501; Y10S 426/805 20130101; A23K 20/10 20160501;
A23K 20/163 20160501; A23K 50/48 20160501 |
Class at
Publication: |
426/2 |
International
Class: |
A23K 1/16 20060101
A23K001/16; A23K 1/18 20060101 A23K001/18 |
Claims
1. A method comprising providing an animal a daily amount of from
about 1 mg/kg to about 15 mg/kg of a component selected from the
group consisting of 2-deoxy-D-glucose; 5-thio-D-glucose;
3-O-methylglucose; 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol; 2,5-anhydro-D-mannitol;
mannoheptulose; and mixtures thereof.
2. The method of claim 1 and wherein the component is
mannoheptulose.
3. The method of claim 2 and wherein providing the daily amount
comprises providing one or more doses.
4. The method of claim 2 and wherein providing the daily amount
comprises providing only one dose.
5. The method of claim 2 and wherein the daily amount is from about
2 mg/kg to about 10 mg/kg mannoheptulose.
6. The method of claim 5 and wherein providing the daily amount
comprises providing one or more doses.
7. The method of claim 5 and wherein providing the daily amount
comprises providing only one dose.
8. The method of claim 2 and wherein the daily amount is from about
2 mg/kg to about 5 mg/kg mannoheptulose.
9. The method of claim 8 and wherein providing the daily amount
comprises providing one or more doses.
10. The method of claim 9 and wherein providing the daily amount
comprises providing only one dose.
11. The method of claim 2 and wherein the providing comprises
feeding the animal a pet food composition comprising the
mannoheptulose.
12. The method of claim 11 and wherein the pet food composition
comprises less than about 5% mannoheptulose.
13. The method of claim 11 and wherein the pet food composition
comprises less than about 2% mannoheptulose.
14. The method of claim 11 and wherein the pet food composition
comprises from about 0.0001% to about 0.5% mannoheptulose.
15. The method of claim 11 and wherein the pet food composition
comprises a kibble.
16. The method of claim 15 and wherein the pet food composition
comprises a nutritionally balanced kibble.
17. The method of claim 11 and wherein the pet food composition
comprises a supplement.
18. The method of claim 11 and wherein the supplement is selected
from the group consisting of a gravy, drinking water, yogurt,
powder, suspension, chew, treat, biscuit, and mixtures thereof.
19. The method of claim 11 and wherein the pet food composition
comprises a gravy admixed with kibbles.
20. A method comprising feeding an animal a pet food composition
comprising an extract of plant matter selected from the group
consisting of avocado, alfalfa, fig, primrose, and mixtures
thereof, wherein the feeding comprises feeding a daily amount of
from about 1 mg/kg to about 15 mg/kg of component selected from the
group consisting of 2-deoxy-D-glucose; 5-thio-D-glucose;
3-O-methylglucose; 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol; 2,5-anhydro-D-mannitol;
mannoheptulose; and mixtures thereof.
Description
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
[0001] This application claims priority to and is a Continuation
Application of U.S. application Ser. No. 10/842,301, filed May 10,
2004, which is a Continuation-in-Part Application of U.S.
application Ser. No. 09/950,052, filed Sep. 12, 2001, now
abandoned.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0002] The present invention is directed to pet food compositions.
In certain embodiments, the pet food compositions may comprise a
selected carbohydrate component, or extract of plant material
selected from avocado, alfalfa, fig, primrose, and mixtures
thereof.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0003] Studies have indicated that restriction of caloric intake by
food deprivation slows down certain undesirable cellular processes
in laboratory animals, many associated with aging and age-related
diseases.
[0004] In particular, caloric restriction has been shown to
consistently extend the life span, delay onset and slow tumor
progression, and retard physiologic aging in many systems. Indeed,
research spanning more than sixty years has shown that caloric
restriction is a nutritional intervention that consistently extends
longevity in animals. See Weindruch and Walford, "The Retardation
of Aging and Disease by Dietary Restriction," Springfield, Ill.:
Charles C. Thomas (1988); Yu, "Modulation of Aging Processes by
Dietary Restriction," Boca Raton: CRC Press (1994); and Fishbein,
"Biological Effects of Dietary Restriction," Springer, N.Y. (1991).
These effects of caloric restriction on life span and tumorigenesis
have been reported numerous times since the early studies of McKay.
See McKay et al., "The Effect of Retarded Growth Upon the Length of
Lifespan and Upon Ultimate Body Size," J. Nutr., Vol. 10, pp. 63-79
(1935). Indeed, over the past two decades, a resurgence of interest
in caloric restriction in gerontology has led to the general
acceptance that this dietary manipulation slows physiologic aging
in many systems. See Weindruch and Walford, "The Retardation of
Aging and Disease by Dietary Restriction," Springfield, Ill.:
Charles C. Thomas (1988); Yu, "Modulation of Aging Processes by
Dietary Restriction," Boca Raton: CRC Press (1994); and Fishbein,
"Biological Effects of Dietary Restriction," Springer, N.Y.
(1991).
[0005] Reductions in fasting glucose and insulin levels are readily
measured biomarkers of caloric restriction. Calorically restricted
rodents exhibit lower fasting glucose and insulin levels, and the
peak glucose and insulin levels reached during a glucose challenge
are reduced in those on caloric restriction. See Kalant et al.,
"Effect of Diet Restriction on Glucose Metabolism and Insulin
Responsiveness and Aging Rats," Mech. Aging Dev., Vol. 46, pp.
89-104 (1988). It is also known that hyperinsulinemia is a risk
factor associated with several such disease processes, including
heart disease and diabetes (Balkau and Eschwege, Diabetes Obes.
Metab. 1 (Suppl. 1): S23-31, 1999). Reduced insulin levels and body
temperature are two of the most reliable indicators of this altered
metabolic profile (Masoro et al., J. Gerontol. Biol. Sci.
47:B202-B208, 1992); Koizumi et al., J. Nutr. 117: 361-367, 1987;
Lane et al., Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 93:4154-4164, 1996).
[0006] Components such as 2-deoxy-D-glucose have been described
which block or inhibit certain aspects of carbohydrate metabolism
and may therefore mimic the effects of caloric restriction (Rezek
et al., J. Nutr. 106:143-157, 1972; U.S. Patent Application
Publication No. 2002/0035071). These components exert a number of
physiological effects, including reduction of body weight, decrease
in plasma insulin levels, reduction of body temperature,
retardation of tumor formation and growth, and elevation of
circulating glucocorticoid hormone concentrations. (For a review
see Roth et al., Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 928:305-315, 2001). These
effects result from inhibition of carbohydrate metabolism.
[0007] However, the commercial utility of such components has been
limited, particularly as practical applications had yet been
identified. The present inventors herein provide compositions which
may be commercially utilized, and further provide processes for
preparation of such compositions. In particular, it has been found
that the components herein may be processed from plant matter, or
otherwise provided, and then subjected to traditional pet food
processing (such as, for example, extrusion or other such vigorous
methods) without compromising the integrity of the component.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0008] The present invention is directed to pet food compositions.
In one embodiment, the invention is directed to pet food
compositions comprising a component selected from the group
consisting of 2-deoxy-D-glucose; 5-thio-D-glucose;
3-O-methylglucose; 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol; 2,5-anhydro-D-mannitol;
mannoheptulose; and mixtures thereof. In yet another embodiment,
the invention is directed to pet food compositions comprising an
extract of plant matter selected from the group consisting of
avocado, alfalfa, fig, primrose, and mixtures thereof. The pet food
compositions may be prepared by any of a variety of processes
including, but not limited to, optional processes described
herein.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0009] Various documents including, for example, publications and
patents, are recited throughout this disclosure. All such documents
are hereby incorporated by reference. The citation of any given
document is not to be construed as an admission that it is prior
art with respect to the present invention.
[0010] All percentages and ratios are calculated by weight unless
otherwise indicated. All percentages and ratios are calculated
based on the total composition unless otherwise indicated.
[0011] Referenced herein are trade names for components including
various ingredients utilized in the present invention. The
inventors herein do not intend to be limited by materials under a
certain trade name. Equivalent materials (e.g., those obtained from
a different source under a different name or reference number) to
those referenced by trade name may be substituted and utilized in
the descriptions herein.
[0012] In the description of the invention various embodiments or
individual features are disclosed. As will be apparent to the
ordinarily skilled practitioner, all combinations of such
embodiments and features are possible and can result in preferred
executions of the present invention.
[0013] The compositions herein may comprise, consist essentially
of, or consist of any of the features or embodiments as described
herein.
[0014] While various embodiments and individual features of the
present invention have been illustrated and described, various
other changes and modifications can be made without departing from
the spirit and scope of the invention. As will also be apparent,
all combinations of the embodiments and features taught in the
foregoing disclosure are possible and can result in preferred
executions of the invention.
[0015] As used herein, the term "pet" means a domestic dog or
cat.
[0016] As used herein, the term "pet food composition" means a
composition that is intended for ingestion by the pet. Pet food
compositions may include, without limitation, nutritionally
balanced compositions suitable for daily feed, as well as
supplements (e.g., treats) which may or may not be nutritionally
balanced.
Compositions of the Present Invention
[0017] The present invention is directed to pet food compositions.
In one embodiment, the invention is directed to pet food
compositions comprising a component selected from the group
consisting of 2-deoxy-D-glucose; 5-thio-D-glucose;
3-O-methylglucose; 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol; 2,5-anhydro-D-mannitol;
mannoheptulose; and mixtures thereof. Without intending to be
limited by theory, it is believed that these components are glucose
anti-metabolites. See e.g., U.S. Patent Application Publication No.
2002/0035071. In another embodiment, the components may be present
in the recited compositions by virtue of a component of plant
matter such as avocado, or other enriched source of mannoheptulose
such as alfalfa, fig, or primrose.
[0018] The inclusion of glucose anti-metabolites as part of the pet
food compositions herein are useful, for example, to alter
utilization of glucose or other energy sources and to mimic
metabolic effects of caloric restriction. Without intending to be
limited by theory, the present use of glucose anti-metabolites to
alter glucose metabolism serves to lower the metabolic rate through
inhibition of glucose as an energy source on the cellular level.
Judicious use of components that block the normal metabolism of
cellular glucose can result in changes in physiological function
that are similar to those arising from caloric restriction. Caloric
restriction has been consistently shown to extend longevity in
animals. See Weindruch and Walford, "The Retardation of Aging and
Disease by Dietary Restriction," Springfield, Ill.: Charles C.
Thomas (1988); Yu, "Modulation of Aging Processes by Dietary
Restriction," Boca Raton: CRC Press (1994); and Fishbein,
"Biological Effects of Dietary Restriction," Springer, N.Y.
(1991).
[0019] Components which are useful herein include
2-deoxy-D-glucose, 5-thio-D-glucose, 3-O-methylglucose,
anhydrosugars including 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol,
2,5-anhydro-D-glucitol, and 2,5-anhydro-D-mannitol, and
mannoheptulose. Mannoheptulose is preferred for use herein.
Advantageously, mannoheptulose or any other component may be
present in the recited compositions as a component of plant matter
such as avocado, or other enriched source of mannoheptulose such as
alfalfa, fig, or primrose. The plant matter may include the fruit,
seed (or pit), branches, leaves, or any other portion of the
relevant plant or combination thereof.
[0020] Avocado (also commonly referred to as alligator pear,
aguacate, or palta) contains unusually enriched sources of
mannoheptulose, as well as related sugars and other carbohydrates.
Avocado is a sub-tropical evergreen tree fruit, growing most
successfully in areas of California, Florida, Hawaii, Guatemala,
Mexico, the West Indies, South Africa, and Asia. [0021] Species of
avocado include, for example, Persea Americana and Persea nubigena,
including all cultivars within these illustrative species.
Cultivars may include `Anaheim,` `Bacon,` `Creamhart,` `Duke,`
`Fuerte,` `Ganter,` `Gwen,` `Hass,` `Jim,` `Lula,` `Lyon,`
`Mexicola,` `Mexicola Grande,` `Murrieta Green,` `Nabal,`
`Pinkerton,` `Queen,` `Puebla,` `Reed,` `Rincon,` `Ryan,` `Spinks,`
`Topa Topa,` `Whitsell,` `Wurtz,` and `Zutano.` The fruit of the
avocado is particularly preferred for use herein, which may contain
the pit or wherein the pit is removed or at least partially
removed. Fruit from Persea Americana is particularly preferred for
use herein, as well as fruit from cultivars which produce larger
fruits (e.g., about 12 ounces or more when the fruit is mature),
such as Anaheim, Creamhart, Fuerte, Hass, Lula, Lyon, Murrieta
Green, Nabal, Queen, Puebla, Reed, Ryan, and Spinks.
[0022] Plant matter from alfalfa, fig, or primrose are also
reported to provide relatively high levels of mannoheptulose.
Alfalfa is also referred to as Medicago sativa. Fig, or Ficus
carica (including Cluster fig or Sycamore fig, for example) may
also be used, as well as primrose or Primula officinalis.
[0023] The present inventors have discovered that particular levels
of a component selected from 2-deoxy-D-glucose; 5-thio-D-glucose;
3-O-methylglucose; 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol; 2,5-anhydro-D-mannitol;
mannoheptulose; and mixtures thereof, are useful herein. In
particular, it has been found that relatively low levels, as well
as relatively high doses of the component, while useful, may
provide less than optimal efficacy for desired purposes. In
particular, an optimal dose to the pet, on a daily basis, has been
surprisingly discovered to be from about 1 mg/kg to about 15 mg/kg,
more advantageously from about 2 mg/kg to about 10 mg/kg, even more
advantageously from about 2 mg/kg to about 5 mg/kg, wherein (as
will be commonly understood in the art) the "mg" refers to level of
the component and the "kg" refers to kilograms of the pet. In
certain embodiments, this may translate to pet food compositions
comprising less than about 5%, or less than about 2%, or from about
0.0001% to about 0.5% of the component, all by weight of the
composition. The level of component may be determined by one of
ordinary skill in the art based on a variety of factors, for
example, the form of the pet food composition (e.g., whether a dry
composition, semi-moist composition, wet composition, or
supplement, or any other form or mixture thereof). The ordinarily
skilled artisan will be able to utilize the preferred optimal
doses, and use these to determine the optimal level of component
within a given pet food composition.
[0024] Similarly, wherein an extract of plant matter is utilized in
the pet food compositions herein, optimal levels of extract will of
course be dependent upon level of efficacious component within such
extract. Optimal extracts have been found herein which comprise
from about 1% to about 99% of the component, alternatively from
about 5% to about 75% of the component, alternatively from about
10% to about 50% of the component, all by weight of the
extract.
[0025] Pet food compositions will advantageously include foods
intended to supply necessary dietary requirements, as well as
treats (e.g., dog biscuits) or other food supplements. Optionally,
the composition herein may be a pet food composition such as a dry
composition (for example, kibble), semi-moist composition, wet
composition, or any mixture thereof. Alternatively or additionally,
the composition is a supplement, such as a gravy, drinking water,
yogurt, powder, suspension, chew, treat (e.g., biscuits) or any
other delivery form.
[0026] Moreover, in one embodiment the pet food composition is
nutritionally balanced. As used herein, the term "nutritionally
balanced," with reference to the pet food composition, means that
the composition has known required nutrients to sustain life in
proper amounts and proportion based on recommendations of
recognized authorities in the field of pet nutrition.
[0027] The compositions used herein may optionally comprise one or
more further components. Other components are beneficial for
inclusion in the compositions used herein, but are optional for
purposes of the invention. In one embodiment, the food compositions
may comprise, on a dry matter basis, from about 10% to about 90%
crude protein, alternatively from about 20% to about 50% crude
protein, alternatively from about 20% to about 40% crude protein,
by weight of the food composition, or alternatively from about 20%
to about 35% crude protein, by weight of the composition. The crude
protein material may comprise vegetable proteins such as soybean,
cottonseed, and peanut, or animal proteins such as casein, albumin,
and meat protein. Non-limiting examples of meat protein useful
herein include a protein source selected from the group consisting
of beef, pork, lamb, poultry, fish, vegetable, and mixtures
thereof.
[0028] Furthermore, the compositions may comprise, on a dry matter
basis, from about 5% to about 40% fat, alternatively from about 10%
to about 35% fat, by weight of the food composition.
[0029] The compositions of the present invention may further
comprise a source of carbohydrate. Grains or cereals such as rice,
corn, milo, sorghum, barley, wheat, and the like are illustrative
sources.
[0030] The compositions may also contain other materials such as
dried whey and other dairy by products.
Optional Processes for Preparing the Compositions of the Present
Invention
[0031] The pet food compositions may be prepared by any of a
variety of processes including, but not limited to, optional
processes described herein. Disclosed herein are optional processes
for preparing the present inventive compositions. The ordinarily
skilled artisan will understand, however, that the compositions are
not limited by the following described processes.
[0032] A process for preparing the present compositions may
comprise: [0033] (a) providing plant matter selected from the group
consisting of avocado, alfalfa, fig, primrose, and mixtures
thereof; [0034] (b) combining the plant matter with an aqueous
solution and optionally with an enzyme, further optionally with
heating, to provide a digested plant mixture; [0035] (c) optionally
separating any fractions present in the digested plant mixture, if
any, to provide a carbohydrate extract; [0036] (d) concentrating
the digested plant mixture to enhance the concentration of
carbohydrate therein; and [0037] (e) combining the digested plant
mixture with one or more pet food composition components.
[0038] The plant matter provided in the optional processes may be
avocado, alfalfa, fig, primrose, and mixtures thereof. The plant
matter may be any portion or whole of the plant, such as the
leaves, fruit, seed or pit, particularly at least those portions of
the plant that contain elevated levels of carbohydrate such as
2-deoxy-D-glucose, 5-thio-D-glucose, 3-O-methylglucose,
1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol, 2,5-anhydro-D-mannitol, or mannoheptulose.
In one optional process herein, the avocado is provided, and the
process may commence with whole avocado fruit, including the pit or
devoid (or partially devoid) of the pit. If the plant matter which
is provided contains a pit, or partial pit, the pit or portion
thereof may be optionally removed prior to further processing.
Alfalfa, fig, or primrose may be similarly processed.
[0039] In one optional process, production of a digested plant
mixture comprises combination of the plant matter with an aqueous
solution, such as water, to assist with maceration of the plant
into manageable constituents. Optionally but preferably, an enzyme
having cellulose or pectin activity, or any combination thereof
(such as a cellulase, hemicellulase, or pectinase) is included to
assist with such maceration, including to assist with dissolution
and release of carbohydrates via cell wall disruption. The utility
of such an enzymatic treatment may be enhanced through heating
during such maceration, such as from above ambient temperature to
about 120.degree. C., or to about 100.degree. C., or from about
60.degree. C. to about 120.degree. C., or from about 60.degree. C.
to about 100.degree. C. Agitation is further prefe utilized,
typically for up to about 24 hours, but dependent upon the batch
under processing. In one embodiment, the pH is controlled such to
preserve enzyme activity, often in the range of pH from about 4 to
about 6, preferably in the range of pH from about 5 to about 6. As
such, depending upon such factors as ripeness of plant matter,
quality of process aqueous solution (such as water added for
process, for example), and the like, amounts of acid or base may be
desirable as will be appreciated by one of ordinary skill in the
art.
[0040] Optionally, to assist with deactivation of the enzymes
present, heating may be increased at the time of, or after, initial
heating and agitation to form the digested plant mixture. Water is
optionally heated to processing temperatures prior to the addition
of the plant matter. Heat may be applied by a jacketed tank where
low pressure steam is utilized.
[0041] The digested plant mixture may result in fractions which may
be separated in accordance with common techniques. For example,
fractions present in the digested plant mixture may be separated by
filtration to provide the carbohydrate extract as the resulting
filtrate, with the filter cake being discarded. Other methods may
include, but not be limited to, gravimetric, centrifugal, other
filtrations, or combinations thereof.
[0042] The carbohydrate extract may then be concentrated,
optionally utilizing at least one concentration method selected
from the group consisting of heating, vacuum drying, evaporation,
refractance window drying, freeze drying, spray drying, any other
useful technique, or any combination of the foregoing. In one
embodiment, at least one technique such as refractance window
drying is used.
[0043] Once concentrated, the carbohydrate extract may be utilized
in the pet food compositions of the present invention. In one
embodiment herein, the present processes result in preferred yields
of mannoheptulose or other carbohydrate, or carbohydrate extract,
based on the starting mass of the plant matter (e.g., avocado). In
one embodiment, the yield of mannoheptulose present in the
carbohydrate extract subsequent to concentration is less than about
20%, or from about 0.1% to about 10%, or from about 1% to about 7%,
based on the starting mass of the plant matter. In another
embodiment, the yield of the carbohydrate extract subsequent to
concentration is less than about 30%, or from about 5% to about
25%, or from about 8% to about 20%, based on the starting mass of
the plant matter. Of course, even higher yields may be desirable,
and lower yields may also be acceptable.
Examples
[0044] The following examples are provided to illustrate the
invention and are not intended to limit the scope thereof in any
manner.
Example 1
[0045] Avocado extract containing enhanced levels of mannoheptulose
is prepared in accordance with the following optional process, and
utilized in pet food compositions of the present invention:
[0046] Whole avocado fruit (about 900 kilograms) is provided. The
fruit is split and the pits are removed, either partially or
wholly, providing about 225 kilograms of pitted avocado halves. The
raw avocado is charged to a disintegrator, whereupon some
agitation, water (about 3000 kilograms) and CELLUBRIX (commercially
available from Novozymes A/S) (about 1 liter) is further charged.
The mixture is further agitated and concurrently heated to about
66.degree. C. Upon completion of the charge, further CELLUBRIX
(about 1 liter) is added, and the entire mixture is held under
agitation for about 12 hours at a controlled pH of about 5.5. The
temperature is then further increased to about 80.degree. C. and
then held for at least about 2 hours. The resulting digested plant
mixture is then filtered at 80.degree. C. to provide the
carbohydrate extract as the filtrate. The carbohydrate extract is
then evaporated in a simplified recirculation system at 80.degree.
C., under vacuum, to a provide the carbohydrate extract having
about from about 10% to about 20% solids and a pH of about 5.5. The
extract is then further concentrated using a refractance window
dryer to provide about 100 kilograms of the extract as a
crystalline or powder (a yield of about 11% carbohydrate extract,
based on the starting mass of the whole avocado fruit, which is
analyzed as a yield of about 4.5% mannoheptulose, based on the
starting mass of the whole avocado fruit). The extract may be used
in the pet food compositions of the present invention.
Example 2
[0047] Two kibble compositions having the following components at
the approximate indicated amounts are prepared using methods which
are standard in the art, including extrusion, and are fed to cats
as a daily feed:
TABLE-US-00001 Example 1A Example 1B (Component Amount (Component
Amount indicated as indicated as Component Wt %) Wt %) Extract of
Avocado 0.02 0.01 Chicken, Chicken By- 44 47 product Meal, and Fish
Meal Chicken Fat 8 6 Beet Pulp 2 3 Salts 2.5 2 Vitamins and
Minerals** 1 1 Minors 3.5 4 Grains Remainder Remainder (corn,
sorghum) *Avocado may be substituted with other plant matter having
enhanced mannoheptulose content. **Vitamins and Minerals include:
Vitamin E, beta-carotene and Vitamin A, Zinc Oxide, Ascorbic Acid,
Manganese Sulfate, Copper Sulfate, Manganous Oxide, Calcium
Pantothenate, Biotin, Vitamin B.sub.12, Vitamin B.sub.1, Niacin,
Vitamin B.sub.2, Vitamin B.sub.6, Vitamin D.sub.3, Folic Acid.
Example 3
[0048] A beef-flavor gravy composition is prepared by combining the
following components in a conventional manner:
TABLE-US-00002 Component Wt % Mannoheptulose* 0.14 Chicken Fat 3.0
Spray-Dried Beef Particles and Broth 3.0 Xanthan Gum 0.5 Flax Seed
0.2 Vegetables 0.2 Vitamins** 0.06 Minerals 0.04 Phosphoric Acid
0.95 Beef Flavor 0.1 Water Remainder *Mannoheptulose may be
substituted with another component as described herein. **Vitamins
and Minerals include: Vitamin E, beta-carotene and Vitamin A, Zinc
Oxide, Ascorbic Acid, Manganese Sulfate, Copper Sulfate, Manganous
Oxide, Calcium Pantothenate, Biotin, Vitamin B.sub.12, Vitamin
B.sub.1, Niacin, Vitamin B.sub.2, Vitamin B.sub.6, Vitamin D.sub.3,
Folic Acid.
[0049] One fluid ounce of the gravy composition is admixed with
one-half cup of standard dog kibble diet daily prior to feeding to
a dog. Amounts of the gravy composition are determined as desired
by the guardian of the dog.
* * * * *