U.S. patent application number 12/556932 was filed with the patent office on 2010-03-11 for heat, grease, and cracking resistant release paper and process for producing the same.
This patent application is currently assigned to Copamex, S.A. De C.V.. Invention is credited to ESTEBAN GARCIA MELGAREJO, FABIOLA RODRIGUEZ MATA.
Application Number | 20100059191 12/556932 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 41558999 |
Filed Date | 2010-03-11 |
United States Patent
Application |
20100059191 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
GARCIA MELGAREJO; ESTEBAN ;
et al. |
March 11, 2010 |
HEAT, GREASE, AND CRACKING RESISTANT RELEASE PAPER AND PROCESS FOR
PRODUCING THE SAME
Abstract
A heat, grease, and cracking resistance release paper, said
release paper is composed by 55% to 68% by weight of cellulose
fiber, 3% to 6% by weight of one or more sizing agents, 27% to 37%
by weight of one or more fillers, and 1% to 3% by weight of one or
more binding agents.
Inventors: |
GARCIA MELGAREJO; ESTEBAN;
(San Nicolas de los Garza, MX) ; RODRIGUEZ MATA;
FABIOLA; (San Nicolas de los Garza, MX) |
Correspondence
Address: |
MICHAEL WINFIELD GOLTRY
4000 N. CENTRAL AVENUE, SUITE 1220
PHOENIX
AZ
85012
US
|
Assignee: |
Copamex, S.A. De C.V.
San Pedro Garza Garcia
MX
|
Family ID: |
41558999 |
Appl. No.: |
12/556932 |
Filed: |
September 10, 2009 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
162/141 ;
162/158; 162/164.1; 162/164.6; 162/164.7; 162/168.1; 162/168.3;
162/175; 162/177; 162/181.2; 162/181.5; 162/181.6; 162/181.8 |
Current CPC
Class: |
D21H 17/45 20130101;
D21H 17/68 20130101; D21H 17/66 20130101; D21H 17/28 20130101; D21H
17/33 20130101; D21H 11/00 20130101; D21H 23/00 20130101; D21H
27/10 20130101; D21H 17/25 20130101; D21H 17/53 20130101; D21H
27/001 20130101; D21H 17/63 20130101; C08K 3/013 20180101 |
Class at
Publication: |
162/141 ;
162/158; 162/177; 162/181.2; 162/181.8; 162/181.5; 162/181.6;
162/175; 162/164.1; 162/164.6; 162/164.7; 162/168.1; 162/168.3 |
International
Class: |
D21H 11/00 20060101
D21H011/00; D21H 23/00 20060101 D21H023/00; D21H 17/25 20060101
D21H017/25; D21H 17/66 20060101 D21H017/66; D21H 17/68 20060101
D21H017/68; D21H 17/63 20060101 D21H017/63; D21H 17/28 20060101
D21H017/28; D21H 17/33 20060101 D21H017/33; D21H 17/45 20060101
D21H017/45; D21H 17/53 20060101 D21H017/53 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Sep 11, 2008 |
MX |
MX/A/2008/011629 |
Claims
1. A heat, grease, and cracking resistance release paper, which
comprising: from 55% to 68% by weight of cellulose fiber; from 3%
to 6% by weight of one or more sizing agents; from 27% to 37% by
weight of one or more fillers; and from 1% to 3% by weight of one
or more binding agents.
2. The paper of claim 1, wherein the cellulose fiber is selected
from a group consisting of softwood pulp, hardwood pulp, and
combinations thereof.
3. The paper of claim 2, wherein the cellulose fiber comprises:
from 70% to 85% of softwood pulp; and from 15% to 30% of hardwood
pulp.
4. The paper of claim 1, wherein the sizing agent is selected from
a group consisting of alkyl ketene dimer and derivates, alkenyl
succinic anhydride, calcium stereate, cellulose stereate, and
combinations thereof.
5. The paper of claim 4, wherein the sizing agent includes: from
2.5% to 5% by weight of alkyl ketene dimer and derivatives; and
from 0.5% to 1% by weight of calcium stereate.
6. The paper of claim 1, wherein the filler is selected from a
group consisting of calcium carbonate, granulated calcium
carbonate, precipitated calcium carbonate, kaolin, titanium
dioxide, rutile titanium dioxide, anatasic titanium dioxide,
hydrated aluminum silicate, talc, and combinations thereof.
7. The paper of claim 6, wherein the filler includes: from 26.8% to
36% by weight of calcium carbonate; and from 0.2% to 1% by weight
of titanium dioxide.
8. The paper of claim 1, wherein the binding agent is selected from
a group consisting of starch, cationic starch, cationic amylopectin
starch, acetylated starch, ethylated starch, polyvinyl alcohol,
carboxy-methyl cellulose, anionic polyacrylamide, cationic
polyacrylamide, epichlorohydrin polyamine, polyvinyl acetate,
polyacrylates, polyacrylic acid, polystyrene,
amylopectin-2-hydroxy-3-(trimethylammonium) propyl ether chloride,
and combinations thereof.
9. The paper of claim 8, wherein the binding agent includes: from
0.8% to 1.6% by weight of acetylated starch; from 0.1% to 0.4% by
weight of anionic polyacrylamide; from 0.05% to 0.25% by weight of
sodium polyacrylate; from 0.01% to 0.07% by weight of
epichlorohydrin polyamine; from 0.3% to 0.6% by weight of starch
cationic starch; and from 0.01% to 0.07% by weight of
amylopectin-2-hydroxy-3-(trimethylammonium) propyl ether
chloride.
10. A process for producing a heat, grease, and cracking resistance
release paper, the process is characterized by including the steps
of: forming a paper pulp starting out from a mixture of 55% to 68%
by weight of cellulose fiber, from 6% to 7.5% by weight of one or
more fillers, and from 0.03% to 0.05% by weight of one or more
binding agents; reacting the paper pulp with from 1.5% to 2.4% by
weight of one or more sizing agents, from 17% to 27% by weight of
one or more fillers, and from 0.7% to 1.2% by weight of one or more
binding agents; forming and drying a continuous sheet of paper from
the paper pulp; and reacting the continuous sheet of paper with
from 1.5% to 3.6% by weight of one or more sizing agents, from 2.5%
to 4% by weight of one or more fillers, and from 0.27% to 1.75% by
weight of one or more binding agents.
11. The process of claim 10, wherein the cellulose fiber is
selected from a group consisting of hardwood pulp, softwood pulp,
and combinations thereof.
12. The process of claim 11, wherein the cellulose fiber comprises:
from 70% to 85% of softwood pulp; and from 15% to 30% of hardwood
pulp.
13. The process of claim 10, wherein the sizing agent is selected
from a group consisting of alkyl ketene dimer and derivatives,
alkenyl succinic anhydride, calcium stereate, cellulose stereate,
and combinations thereof.
14. The process of claim 10, wherein the filler is selected from a
group consisting of calcium carbonate, granulated calcium
carbonate, precipitated calcium carbonate, kaolin, titanium
dioxide, rutile titanium dioxide, anatasic titanium dioxide,
hydrated aluminum silicate, talc, and combinations thereof.
15. The process of claim 10, wherein the binding agent is selected
from a group consisting of starch, cationic starch, cationic
amylopectin starch, acetylated starch, ethylated starch, polyvinyl
alcohol, carboxy-methyl cellulose, anionic polyacrylamide, cationic
polyacrylamide, epichlorohydrin polyamine, polyvinyl acetate,
polyacrylates, polyacrylic acid, polystyrene,
amylopectin-2-hydroxy-3-(trimethylammonium) propyl ether chloride,
and combinations thereof.
16. The process of claim 10, wherein the step of forming a paper
pulp starting out from a mixture of 55% to 68% by weight of
cellulose fiber, from 6% to 7.5% by weight of one or more fillers,
and from 0.03% to 0.05% by weight of one or more binding agents;
wherein said filler is granulated calcium carbonate and said
binding agent is epichlorohydrin polyamine.
17. The process of claim 10, wherein the step of reacting the pulp
with from 1.5% to 2.4% by weight of one or more sizing agents, from
17% to 27% by weight of one or more fillers, and from 0.7% to 1.2%
by weight of one or more binding agents; wherein said sizing agent
is alkyl ketene dimer, said filler is granulated calcium carbonate,
and said binding agent is selected from a group consisting of
cationic starch, anionic polyacrylamide, sodium polyacrylate,
amylopectin-2-hydroxy-3-(trimethylammonium) propyl ether chloride,
and combinations thereof.
18. The process of claim 17, wherein said binding agent includes:
from 0.35% to 0.57% by weight of cationic starch; from 0.24% to
0.37% by weight of anionic polyacrylamide; and from 0.11% to 0.17%
by weight of sodium polyacrylate.
19. The process of claim 10, wherein the step of reacting the
continuous sheet of paper with from 1.5% to 3.6% by weight of one
or more sizing agents, from 2.5% to 4% by weight of one or more
fillers, and from 0.27% to 1.75% by weight of one or more binding
agents; wherein said sizing agent is selected from a group
consisting of alkyl ketene dimer, alkenyl succinic anhydride,
calcium stereate, and combinations thereof; wherein said filler is
selected from a group consisting of calcium carbonate, titanium
dioxide, and combinations thereof; and wherein said binding agent
is selected from a group consisting of acetylated starch, ethylated
starch, sodium polyacrylate, and combinations thereof
20. The process of claim 19, wherein said sizing agent includes:
from 1% to 2% by weight of alkyl ketene dimer; and from 0.5% to
1.6% by weight of calcium stereate.
21. The process of claim 19, wherein said filler includes: from
1.78% to 3.3% by weight of calcium carbonate; and from 0.3% to 0.7%
by weight of titanium dioxide.
22. The process of claim 19, wherein said binding agent includes:
from 0.25% to 1.7% by weight of acetylated starch; and from 0.02%
to 0.05% by weight of sodium polyacrylate.
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0001] The present invention relates to papermaking processes and
products made through these processes. More particularly, the
invention relates to a composition and a process for obtaining a
heat, grease, and cracking resistant release paper, starting from
the combination of cellulose fiber, one or more sizing agents, one
or more fillers, and one or more binding agents.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] At present, a variety of paper used to wrap fatty foods,
consists of cellulose fibers or derivatives to which a mixture of
oil, grease or wax is added with organic dissolvents; said mixture
is added during or after the production of the development paper
pulp, which is then treated by heat and pressure to obtain a
greaseproof paper. However, this paper proves to be inconvenient to
wrap food, because of the possible risk of dissolvent residues,
also it can not be used to warm foods wrapped in it as it does not
withstand high temperatures.
[0003] Another current variation of greaseproof paper used to wrap
foods is the paper coated with paraffin on one or both sides, and
for the manufacture of which liquid wax is applied in conventional
coating machines and with a rubber cylinder to reduce the coating
to a suitable thickness. The disadvantages of this type of papers
are that the hard paraffin papers are cracking at the least
flexion, whereas the smooth paraffin papers release grease, and
particularly they are not appropriate to wrap sensitive products to
said papers, moreover they cannot be submitted to high temperatures
in order to warm wrapped foods.
[0004] One more variant of greaseproof paper used to wrap foods,
are so-called plastic-coated papers laminated on one or both sides.
This type of paper has the disadvantage that it can not be
submitted to high temperatures, because of the risk of being
consumed and releasing toxic components.
[0005] Other grease resistant or greaseproof types of paper are
described in the following patent documents:
[0006] Donald K. Pattilloch and Carl Polowczyk, in U.S. Pat. No.
2,957,796 A1, describe a resistent paper made from the reaction of
cellulose fibers with polyethyleneimine and perfluoroalkanoic
acid.
[0007] Ajit S. Dixit, et al., in U.S. Pat. No. 7,019,054 B2,
describe a oil and grease resistant paper made from the reaction of
cellulose fibers with polyvinyl alcohol and fatty-acid melanin
wax.
[0008] Charles W. Propst Jr, in the US patent application
US-2004/185286 A1, describes a grease, oil or wax resistant paper
made from a substratum of cellulose fibers, covered with a layer
based on a material serving as a filler material selected from
clay, sodium hexametaphosphate, titanium dioxide and talc; a
binding agent selected from latex, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl
acetate, acrylate, maleic acid and protein; and calcium carbonate
basically free from surfactants.
[0009] Richard F. Rudolph, et al., in the published international
patent application WO-07014148, describes a grease resistant paper
with glueability properties formed by cellulose fibers with a
fluorocarbon-containing compound, so that this compound is
dispersed from 5% to 100% in the web of cellulose fibers.
[0010] The limitation of these papers described in said patent
documents is their low resistance to heat; therefore, a food
product that is wrapped with this paper can not be heated in an
oven.
[0011] In view of this, exist the so-called heat or high
temperature resistant papers, which can be used to wrap food and
heat it in this way in an oven, however, these papers have the
limitation that they are not waterproof or resistant to grease or
liquids. Examples of these heat resistant papers are described in
the following patent documents:
[0012] Uwe Becker in the publication of the European patent
application EP-1,000,198, describes a high temperature resistant
paper composed of a mixture of cellulose fibers and silica fibers,
cut and thermally contracted. The silica fibers contain 80% to
99.98% of silicon dioxide.
[0013] Tirone Cornbower, in the publication of the Mexican patent
application MX-PA04009912, describes a laminated paper structure
consisting of two outer layers and at least one inner layer. The
outer layers are formed by substantially cellulose pulp and the
inner layer of 60% to 80% by weight of cellulose pulp fiber with 5%
to 15% by weight of a high temperature resistant fiber, for
example, polyaramide fibers, and 10% to 25% of a polymeric binding
agent, for example, of polyvinyl alcohol.
[0014] Junichi Hoshino and Kosaku Nagashima, in the publication of
Japanese patent application JP-2006291383, describe a heat
resistant and release paper made from a natural paper as a base
paper, which is impregnated with an acrylic resin and coated on one
of its surfaces with polyvinyl alcohol, and has a coating of a
release agent.
[0015] In view of the above, it is therefore necessary to provide a
paper that is heat resistant, resistant or impervious to liquids,
grease or oil, resistant to cracking, and has release properties,
which can be used as wrapping paper for food and which, therefore
can be introduced, along with the wrapped food in any type of
current oven without any risk of burning the paper, releasing
residues, adhering to the food, cracking, or allowing the passage
of liquids or greases released by the heated food, and further, is
not unpleasant to sight and touch.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0016] In view of the above, and with the object of finding
solutions to the limitations encountered, it is the object of the
invention to provide a heat, grease, and cracking resistant release
paper, composed from 55% to 68% in weight of cellulose fiber, from
3% to 6% by weight of one or more sizing agents, from 27% to 37% by
weight of one or more fillers, and from 1% to 3% by weight of one
or more binding agents.
[0017] Another object of the invention is to provide a process for
producing a heat, grease, and cracking resistant release paper, the
process contains the steps of forming a paper pulp from a mixture
from 55% to 68% by weight of cellulose fibers, from 6% to 7.5% by
weight of one or more fillers, and from 0.03% to 0.05% by weight of
one or more binding agents; reacting the paper pulp with from 1.5%
to 2.4% by weight of one or more sizing agents, from 17% to 27% by
weight of one or more fillers, and from 0.7% to 1.2% by weight of
one or more binding agents; forming and drying a continuous sheet
of paper from the paper pulp; and reacting the continuous sheet of
paper with from 1.5% to 3.6% by weight of one or more sizing
agents, from 2.5% to 4% by weight of one or more fillers, and from
0.27% to 1.75% by weight of one or more binding agents.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0018] The characteristic details of this invention are described
in the following paragraphs, which have the objective of defining
the invention, but without limiting its scope.
[0019] The composition of the paper according to the invention
shows components that in turn may consist of multiple components.
The components are described individually below, without
necessarily being described in any order of importance.
Cellulose Fiber
[0020] The present invention includes cellulose fibers commonly
referred to as wood pulp fibers, obtained from raw materials
containing hardwood pulp, softwood pulp, or combinations
thereof.
[0021] The terms "hardwood pulp" and "softwood pulp" refer to
species of trees from which wood is obtained that serves as a raw
material to make paper; so, the hardwood pulp is obtained mainly
from trees of the gymnosperm species or conifers such as pine or
fir, while the softwood pulp is obtained from trees of the
angiosperm species or flowering trees such as oak, birch or maple.
The fiber length of hardwood pulp ranges between 0.2 mm to 0.8 mm,
and the fiber length of softwood pulp ranges between 0.8 mm to 4.5
mm. Furthermore, these terms also refer to the grade of hardness of
the wood.
[0022] The cellulose fibers for the paper of this invention can be
obtained from the raw material through numerous chemical processes,
known in the state of the art to produce paper pulp, and this in
turn can undergo a process of decoloring, if desired.
[0023] In the composition of the paper of this invention, the range
of the cellulose fiber content is from 55% to 68% by weight, where
the content of hardwood pulp in relation to the content of softwood
pulp varies between 0% to 100%, and from 100% to 0% respectively.
The preferred range of content of the softwood pulp is from 70% to
85%, and of the hardwood pulp is from 15% to 30%.
Sizing Agents
[0024] In order to increase the resistance to moisture absorption
and the resistance to the passage of liquids, for example, water,
oil or grease, as well as to obtain a smooth surface finish of the
paper of the present invention, one or more sizing agents are
incorporated, which are selected from and alkyl ketene dimer and
derivatives, alkenyl succinic anhydride, calcium stearate,
cellulose stearate, cellulose and combinations thereof.
[0025] In accordance with the stages of a paper making process of
the prior art, an internal sizing of the paper of the invention can
be performed during or after the stage of refining the paper pulp,
by applying alkyl ketene dimer and derivatives, and alkenyl
succinic anhydride, and a superficial sizing can be performed
during a sizing stage by pressing, applying an alkyl ketene dimer
and derivatives, alkenyl succinic anhydride, calcium stearate,
cellulose stearate, and combinations thereof. For an effective
sizing, it is convenient that the sizing agent is distributed
evenly across the fibers of the paper pulp, which is recommended to
prepare emulsions or dispersions containing an aqueous phase and
finely divided particles of sizing agents dispersed in the same,
and with the use of emulsion stabilizers. The emulsion stabilizers
or binding agents commonly used to prepare such emulsions are, for
example, starches and cationic polymers that are described
below.
[0026] In an embodiment of the invention, one or more sizing agents
are used from 3% to 6% by weight, and particularly from 2.5% to 5%
by weight of alkyl ketene dimer and its derivatives, and from 0.5%
to 1% by weight of calcium stearate.
Fillers
[0027] In order to increase the heat resistance of the paper of the
present invention and serve as a sealant for the same,
microparticles of fillers are incorporated, which are selected of
calcium carbonate, granulated calcium carbonate, precipitated
calcium carbonate, kaolin, titanium dioxide, rutile titanium
dioxide, anatasic titanium dioxide, hydrated aluminum silicate,
talc, and combinations thereof.
[0028] The calcium carbonate, granulated calcium carbonate and/or
precipitated calcium carbonate are basically used to increase the
resistance to heat of the paper of this invention; whereas the
release property, the opacity, as well as the whiteness of the
paper of this invention improves through the incorporation of the
rutile titanium dioxide and/or anatasic titanium dioxide.
[0029] In a process for producing paper according to prior art, the
fillers can be added during the preparation and refining of the
paper pulp, as well as once the paper is made during the sizing
stage by pressing.
[0030] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, one or more
fillers from 27% to 37% by weight are used, and particularly from
26.8% to 36% by weight of calcium carbonate, and from 0.2% to 1% by
weight of titanium dioxide.
Binding Agents
[0031] In order to increase the resistance of the paper of the
invention and serve as a sealant against the passage of liquids
through the same, one or more binding agents are incorporated, such
as starch, cationic starch, cationic amylopectin starch, acetylated
starch, ethylated starch, polyvinyl alcohol, carboxy-methyl
cellulose, anionic polyacrylamide, cationic polyacrylamide,
epichlorohydrin polyamine, polyvinyl acetate, polyacrylates,
polyacrylic acid, polystyrene,
amylopectin-2-hydroxy-3-(trimethylammonium) propyl ether chloride,
and combinations thereof.
[0032] According to the invention, the use of cationic starch is
preferred, in particular cationic amylopectine starch can be
prepared from treating amylopectin starch with a cationic agent
such as 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl (trimethylammonium) chloride,
2,3-epoxypropyl (trimethylammonium) chloride, or 2-chloro ethyl
(trimethylammonium) chloride, obtaining, for example,
amylopectin-2-hydroxy-3-(trimethylammonium) propyl ether
chloride.
[0033] The cationic amylopectin starch can be added at any point in
the process for producing the paper, for example, during or after
the refining stage of the paper pulp. If necessary, in addition to
the cationic amylopectin starch, cationic starch can also be added
to the paper pulp.
[0034] The cationic starch can be made through chemical
modification of the starch, or just by boiling the raw starch and
adding a cationic polymer of low molecular weight before, during or
after the boiling, for example, cationic polyacrylamide.
[0035] The starch, the cationic starch, the cationic amylopectine
starch, acetylated starch, ethylated starch, and
amylopectin-2-hydroxy-3-(trimethylammonium) propyl ether chloride
are used as reinforcement supports.
[0036] On the one hand, epichlorohydrin polyamine resins, anionic
polyacrylamide resins, and mixtures thereof act as binding agents
to determine and uniformly deposit the fillers in the cellulose
fiber, whereas the acetylated starch, ethylated starch, cellulose
carboxymethyl resins, cationic polyacrylamide resins, polyvinyl
alcohol resins, starch, cationic starch, cationic amylopectin
starch, amylopectin-2-hydroxy-3-(trimethylammonium) propyl ether
chloride, and mixtures thereof act as binding agents for resistance
to the traction of the paper in the dry state, and in particular
the amylopectin-2-hydroxy-3-(trimethylammonium) propyl ether
chloride improves the resistance to tearing. Whereas on the other
side, the sodium polyacrylate acts as a disperser.
[0037] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, one or more
binding agents from 1% to 3% by weight are used, and particularly
from 0.8% to 1.6% by weight of acetylated starch, from 0.1% to 0.4%
by weight of anionic polyacrylamide, from 0.05% to 0.25% by weight
of sodium polyacrylate, from 0.01% to 0.07% by weight of
epichlorohydrin polyamine, from 0.3% to 0.6% by weight of cationic
starch, and from 0.01% by weight to 0.07% by weight of
amylopectin-2-hydroxy-3-(trimethylammonium) propyl ether
chloride.
Composition of the Paper of the Invention
[0038] The paper producted according to this invention presents a
composition from 55% to 68% by weight of cellulose fibers; from 3%
to 6% by weight of one or more sizing agents; from 27% to 37% by
weight of one or more fillers; and from 1% to 3% by weight of one
or more binding agents.
[0039] Where the contents of the cellulose fiber, from 70% to 85%
is softwood pulp and from 15% to 30% is hardwood pulp; the contents
of the sizing agents, from 2.5% to 5% by weight is alkyl ketene
dimer and its derivatives, and from 0.5% to 1% by weight is calcium
stearate; the contents of the fillers is from 26.8% to 36% by
weight is calcium carbonate, and from 0.2% to 1% by weight is
titanium dioxide; and the content of the binding agents is from
0.8% to 1.6% by weight of acetylated starch, from 0.1% to 0.4% by
weight of anionic polyacrylamide, from 0.05% to 0.25% by weight of
sodium polyacrylate, from 0.01% to 0.07% by weight of
epichlorohydrin polyamine, from 0.3% to 0.6% by weight of cationic
starch, and from 0.01% to 0.07% by weight of
amylopectin-2-hydroxy-3-(trimethylammonium) propyl ether
chloride.
Process for Producing the Paper of the Invention
[0040] The heat, grease, and cracking resistant release paper of
the invention, is produced from a paper pulp with a mixture from
55% to 68% by weight of cellulose fiber, whereas from 70% to 85% of
the cellulose fiber is softwood pulp, and from 15% to 30% is
hardwood pulp; from 6% to 7.5% by weight of one or more fillers,
preferably calcium carbonate, and from 0.03% to 0.05% by weight one
or more binding agents, preferably epichlorohydrin polyamine.
[0041] Then, during or after a stage of refining, the paper pulp
reacts with from 1.5% to 2.4% by weight of one or more sizing
agents, preferably alkyl ketene dimer; with from 17% to 27% by
weight of one or more fillers, preferably granulated calcium
carbonate; and with from 0.7% to 1.2% by weight of one or more
binding agents, preferably from 0.35% to 0.57% by weight of
cationic starch, from 0.24% to 0.37% by weight of anionic
polyacrylamide, and from 0.11% to 0.17% by weight of sodium
polyacrylate.
[0042] Subsequently, a continuous dry sheet of paper is formed,
which is reacted with from 1.5% to 3.6% by weight of one or more
sizing agents, preferably from 1% to 2% by weight of alkyl ketene
dimer, and from 0.5% to 1.6% by weight of calcium stearate; with
from 2.5% to 4% by weight of one or more fillers, preferably from
1.78% to 3.3% by weight of calcium carbonate and from 0.3% to 0.7%
by weight of titanium dioxide; and with from 0.27% to 1.75% by
weight of one or more binding agents, preferably from 0.25% to 1.7%
by weight of acetylated starch and from 0.02% to 0.05% by weight of
sodium polyacrylate.
Mechanical and Physical Properties of the Paper of the
Invention
[0043] The produced paper according to the invention has the
following physical and mechanical properties, shown in Table 1
according to standards and methods of the Technical Association of
Pulp and Paper Industry known by its initials in English as
TAPPI.
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 TAPPI Property Unit Objective Minimum
Maximum Method Base Weight g/m.sup.2 39 37 41 T-410 Humidity % 4.0
3.5 4.5 T-412 Thickness in .times. 10.sup.-3 2.3 2.1 2.5 T-411
Gurley Porosity sec 15 5 30 T-460 Whiteness % PH 89 86 -- T-452
Opacity % PH 78 74 -- T-425 Sizing COBB g/m.sup.2 12 10 14 T-441
Ashes % 20 17 23 T-413 Hue L L 95 93 97 T-524 Tone A a 1.0 0.0 2.0
T-524 Tone A b 0.0 -1.5 1.5 T-524 DM Tension kg/15 mm 2.0 1.6 --
T-404 DT Tension kg/15 mm 1.4 0.8 -- T-404 DM Tearing grams 12 10
-- T-414 DT Tearing grams 14 12 -- T-414 LF Sliding grades 27 25 30
T-548 LT Sliding grades 27 25 30 T-548 Clean S/M Good -- -- 6
Formation S/M Good -- -- Visual COF Radians Good -- 0.6 T-549
EXAMPLES OF EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION
[0044] The invention will now be described in reference to the
following examples, which is solely for the purpose of presenting
the way of carrying out the implementation of the principles of the
invention. The following examples are not intended to be a
comprehensive presentation of the invention, nor try to limit the
scope thereof.
Example 1
[0045] Paper pulp is prepared containing 655.50 kg of softwood
pulp, 115.7 kg of hardwood pulp, 85 kg of calcium carbonate, and
0.5 kg of epichlorohydrin polyamine resin per ton of produced
paper. Next, during of after the refining stage, this paper pulp is
increased by 6 kg of cationic starch or
amylopectin-2-hydroxy-3-(trimethylammonium) propyl ether chloride,
25 kg of alkyl ketene dimer, 4 kg of anionic polyacrylamide resin,
1.7 kg of sodium polyacrylate, and 286 kg of calcium carbonate per
ton of produced paper. Once the continuous sheet of paper is
produced, it is made to react by a sizing press with 0.3 kg of
sodium polyacrylate, 16 kg of acetylated starch, 29 kg of sodium
carbonate, 5 kg of rutile titanium dioxide, 10 kg of calcium
stearate, and 20 kg of alkyl ketene dimer per ton of produced
paper.
Example 2
[0046] The same preparation as in example 1, except that during the
preparation of the paper pulp, 540 kg of softwood pulp and 231.35
kg of hardwood pulp are used per ton of produced paper.
Example 3
[0047] Paper pulp is prepared containing 775.16 kg of softwood
pulp, 85 kg of calcium carbonate, and 0.5 kg of epichlorohydrin
polyamine resin per ton of produced paper. Next, during of after a
refining stage, this paper pulp is increased by 4.2 kg of cationic
starch or amylopectin-2-hydroxy-3-(trimethylammonium) propyl ether
chloride, 17.5 kg of alkyl ketene dimer, 2.8 kg of anionic
polyacrylamide resin, 1.2 kg of sodium polyacrylate, and 220.2 kg
of calcium carbonate per ton of produced paper. Once the continuous
sheet of paper is produced, it is made to react by a sizing press
with 0.2 kg of sodium polyacrylate, 11.2 kg of acetylated starch,
20.3 kg of sodium carbonate, 3.5 kg of rutile titanium dioxide, 7
kg of calcium stearate, and 24 kg of alkyl ketene dimer per ton of
produced paper.
Example 4
[0048] A paper pulp is prepared containing 775.16 kg of softwood
pulp, 85 kg of calcium carbonate, and 0.5 kg of epichlorohydrin
polyamine resin per ton of produced paper. Later, during or after a
refining stage, this paper pulp is increased with 7.8 kg of
cationic starch or amylopectin-2-hydroxy-3-(trimethylammonium)
propyl ether chloride, 32.5 kg of alkyl ketene dimer, 5.2 kg of
anionic polyacrylamide resin, 2.2 kg of sodium polyacrylate, and
371.8 kg of calcium carbonate per ton of produced paper. Once the
continuous sheet of paper is produced, it is made to react by a
sizing press with 0.4 kg of sodium polyacrylate, 20.8 kg of
acetylated starch, 37.7 kg of sodium carbonate, 6.5 kg of rutile
titanium dioxide, 13 kg of calcium stearate, and 26 kg of alkyl
ketene dimer per ton of produced paper.
Example 5
[0049] Paper pulp is prepared containing 775.16 kg of softwood
pulp, 85 kg of calcium carbonate, and 0.5 kg of poliamin
epichlorhydrine resin per ton of produced paper. Later, during or
after a refining stage, this paper pulp is increased with 6 kg of
cationic starch or amylopectin-2-hydroxy-3-(trimethylammonium)
propyl ether chloride, 25 kg of alkyl ketene dimer, 4 kg of anionic
polyacrylamide resin, 1.7 kg of sodium polyacrylate, and 286 kg of
calcium carbonate per ton of produced paper. Once the continuous
sheet of paper is produced, it is made to react by a sizing press
with 0.3 kg of sodium polyacrylate, 16 kg of acetylated starch, 29
kg of sodium carbonate, 5 kg of rutile titanium dioxide, 10 kg of
calcium stearate, and 20 kg of alkyl ketene dimer per ton of
produced paper.
Example 6
[0050] The same preparation as in Example 5, except that it
contains ethylated starch, not any other starch.
Example 7
[0051] Paper pulp is prepared containing 775.16 kg of softwood
pulp, 85 kg of calcium carbonate, and 0.5 kg of epichlorhydrine
poliamin resin per ton of produced paper. Next, during of after the
refining stage, this paper pulp is increased by 6 kg of cationic
starch or amylopectin-2-hydroxy-3-(trimethylammonium) propyl ether
chloride, 25 kg of alkyl ketene dimer, 4 kg of anionic
polyacrylamide resin, 1.7 kg of sodium polyacrylate, and 286 kg of
calcium carbonate per ton of paper produced Once the continuous
sheet of paper is produced, it is made to react by a sizing press
with 0.3 kg of sodium polyacrylate, 16 kg of acetylated starch, 29
kg of sodium carbonate, 5 kg of rutile titanium dioxide, 10 kg of
calcium stearate and 20 kg of alkyl ketene dimer per ton of
produced paper.
Example 8
[0052] Paper pulp is prepared containing 775.16 kg of softwood
pulp, 85 kg of calcium carbonate, and 0.5 kg of epichlorhydrine
poliamin resin per ton of produced paper. Next, during of after the
refining stage, this paper pulp is increased by 6 kg of cationic
starch or amylopectin-2-hydroxy-3-(trimethylammonium) propyl ether
chloride, 25 kg of alkyl ketene dimer, 4 kg of anionic
polyacrylamide resin, 1.7 kg of sodium polyacrylate, and 286 kg of
calcium carbonate per ton of paper produced. Once the continuous
sheet of paper is produced, it is made to react by a sizing press
with 0.3 kg of sodium polyacrylate, 16 kg of acetylated starch, 5
kg of rutile titanium dioxide, 10 kg of calcium stearate, and 20 kg
of alkyl ketene dimer per ton of produced paper.
Example 9
[0053] Paper pulp is prepared containing 775.16 kg of softwood
pulp, 85 kg of calcium carbonate, and 0.5 kg of epichlorhydrine
poliamin resin per ton of produced paper. Next, during of after the
refining stage, this paper pulp is increased by 6 kg of cationic
starch or amylopectin-2-hydroxy-3-(trimethylammonium) propyl ether
chloride, 25 kg of alkyl ketene dimer, 4 kg of anionic
polyacrylamide resin, 1.7 kg of sodium polyacrylate, and 286 kg of
calcium carbonate per ton of paper produced. Once the continuous
sheet of paper is produced, it is made to react by a sizing press
with 0.3 kg of sodium polyacrylate, 16 kg of acetylated starch, 29
kg of sodium carbonate, 5 kg of rutile titanium dioxide, 10 kg of
calcium stearate, and 4 kg of alkenyl succinic anhydride per ton of
produced paper.
Example 10
[0054] Paper pulp is prepared containing 775.16 kg of softwood
pulp, 85 kg of calcium carbonate, and 0.5 kg of epichlorhydrine
poliamin resin per ton of produced paper. Next, during of after the
refining stage, this paper pulp is increased by 6 kg of cationic
starch or amylopectin-2-hydroxy-3-(trimethylammonium) propyl ether
chloride, 25 kg of alkyl ketene dimer, 4 kg of anionic
polyacrylamide resin, 1.7 kg of sodium polyacrylate, and 286 kg of
calcium carbonate per ton of produced paper. Once the continuous
sheet of paper is produced, it is made to react by a sizing press
with 0.3 kg of sodium polyacrylate, 16 kg of acetylated starch, 29
kg of sodium carbonate, 5 kg of rutile titanium dioxide, 10 kg of
calcium stearate per ton of produced paper.
[0055] Four sample sheets from each of the examples 1 to 10 were
submitted to physical tests to determine, through visual
assessment, smell and touch, its heat resistance, grease
resistance, resistance to cracking, and anti-adherent
properties.
[0056] The tests consisted in placing in the center of sample sheet
1 a raw biscuit, in the center of sample sheet 2 a piece of 4
cm.times.4 cm of a conventional slice of yellow cheese, in the
center of sample sheet 3 a piece of approximately 4.5 cm.times.2 cm
of conventional slice of bacon, and nothing on sample 4. Each of
the 4 samples for each of the examples 1 to 10 were placed on a
plastic tray and introduced separately in a cooking oven by
combination of hot air, microwave and infrared heating of the
TurboChef.RTM. brand, model Tornado.RTM. manufactured by TurboChef
Technologies, Inc. at a cooking temperature of about 260.degree. C.
to 345.degree. C. for 20 seconds and that was previously started
for three hours. Later, each sample is removed from the cooking
oven, and then the samples 1, 2 and 3 are removed, the biscuit,
yellow cheese and bacon respectively, and thus evaluate the degree
of heat resistance, resistance to grease, resistance to cracking
and release properties of each of the samples for each of the
examples.
[0057] The results obtained from the former samples are shown in
Table 2, with the value of the grade of resistance to heat,
resistance to fat, resistance to cracking and release on a scale
from 0 to 5, where:
For the Testing of Resistance to Fat and Release:
[0058] 0 means very bad, that is, grease passes completely through
the paper and the cheese, bacon or biscuit sticks to said sample
paper. [0059] 1 means bad, that is, grease passes through the paper
and approximately 3/4 parts of the cheese, bacon or biscuit that
was in contact with the paper, sticks to said sample paper. [0060]
2 means regular, that is, grease passes slightly through the paper
and approximately 2/4 parts of the cheese, bacon or biscuit that
was in contact with the paper, sticks to said sample paper. [0061]
3 means good, that is, a small spot of grease is observed on the
paper, and small pieces of cheese, bacon or biscuit stick to said
sample paper. [0062] 4 means very good, that is, a very small spot
of grease is observed on the paper, and no residues of cheese,
bacon or biscuit stick to said sample paper. [0063] 5 means very
good, that is, a very small spot of grease is observed on the
paper, and there are no residues of cheese, bacon or biscuit stuck
to said sample paper.
For the Testing of Resistance to Heat:
[0063] [0064] 0 means very bad, that is, the entire sample paper is
dark brown compared with a sample of the paper that was not
submitted to the test. [0065] 1 means bad, that is, the sample
paper surface is approximately 80% dark brown and the rest of its
surface is light brown compared with a sample of the paper that was
not submitted to the test. [0066] 2 means regular, that is, the
sample paper surface is approximately 50% dark brown and the rest
of its surface is light brown compared with a sample of the paper
that was not submitted to the test. [0067] 3 means good, that is,
the sample paper surface is approximately 30% light brown and the
rest of its surface is yellowish compared with a sample of the
paper that was not submitted to the test. [0068] 4 means very good,
that is, the sample paper surface is approximately 20% yellowish
and the rest of its surface is very light brown compared with a
sample of the paper that was not submitted to the test. [0069] 5
means excellent, that is, the entire sample paper does not show any
degradation in color compared with a sample of the paper that was
not submitted to the test.
For the Testing of Resistance to Cracking:
[0069] [0070] 0 means very bad, that is, the entire sample paper is
completely torn to pieces. [0071] 1 means very bad, that is, the
sample paper is cracked over approximately 3/4 parts. [0072] 2
means regular, that is, the sample paper is slightly torn over
approximately 2/4 parts. [0073] 3 means good, that is, the sample
paper is only crumpled over approximately 3/4 parts, but this area
is not cracked. [0074] 4 means very good, that is, the sample paper
is only crumpled over approximately 2/4 parts, but this area is not
cracked. [0075] 5 means excellent, ie the sample of paper slightly
crumples and does not break.
TABLE-US-00002 [0075] TABLE 2 Sample 1 Test Example 1 Example 2
Example 3 Example 4 Example 5 Heat 4.5 4.5 4.5 5 4.5 resistance
Grease 5 5 5 5 5 Resistance Release 4 4 4 4 4 Example 6 Example 7
Example 8 Example 9 Example 10 Heat 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 resistance
Grease 5 5 5 5 5 Resistance Release 4 3.5 4 4 4 Sample 2 Test
EXAMPLE 1 EXAMPLE 2 EXAMPLE 3 EXAMPLE 4 EXAMPLE 5 Heat 4 4.5 4.5 5
5 resistance Grease 4.5 3.5 4 4 4 Resistance Release 4 4.5 3.5 4.5
5 EXAMPLE 6 EXAMPLE 7 Example 8 Example 9 Example 10 Heat 4.5 4.5 5
5 4.5 resistance Grease 4 4 4 4.5 3.5 Resistance Release 5 4 4 4
3.5 Sample 3 Test Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Example 4 Example 5
Heat 4.5 4.5 5 5 4.5 resistance Grease 4 5 4 4.5 4 Resistance
Release 5 5 5 4.5 5 Example 6 Example 7 Example 8 Example 9 Example
10 Heat 5 5 5 5 5 resistance Grease 4.5 4.5 4 4.5 4 Resistance
Release 4.5 4.5 4 4.5 5 Sample 4 Test Example 1 Example 2 Example 3
Example 4 Example 5 Heat 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4 resistance Resistance to
5 5 4.5 4.5 5 cracking Example 6 Example 7 Example 8 Example 9
Example 10 Heat 4.5 4.0 4.5 4.0 3.5 resistance Resistance to 4.5
4.0 5.0 4.5 4.5 cracking
[0076] Finally, it must be understood that the heat, grease, and
cracking resistant release paper, and the process for producing it
according to the invention are not limited to the embodiments or
modalities described above and before, and that the experts in the
field will be trained by the training set established herein to
perform changes in the composition of the paper and the conditions
of the process of the present invention, whose scope will be
established exclusively by the following claims:
* * * * *