U.S. patent application number 12/519387 was filed with the patent office on 2010-02-18 for multifilament, monofilament, non-woven or tape.
Invention is credited to Anthony Judge, Hanspeter Meyer, Daniel Muller, Jean-Roch Pauquet.
Application Number | 20100040809 12/519387 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 38229033 |
Filed Date | 2010-02-18 |
United States Patent
Application |
20100040809 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Muller; Daniel ; et
al. |
February 18, 2010 |
MULTIFILAMENT, MONOFILAMENT, NON-WOVEN OR TAPE
Abstract
A multifilament, a monofilament, a non-woven or a tape, each
having 1 to 2000 Denier per filament and a draw ratio of 1:2 to
1:11 and each made of a composition containing the components (A) a
polyolefin, (B) for example a compound of the formula (B-1-a-1),
(C) for example a compound of the formula (C-1-b-1), wherein b, is
a number from 2 to 20, and optionally (D) one or more inorganic
and/or organic pigments. ##STR00001##
Inventors: |
Muller; Daniel; (Basel,
CH) ; Pauquet; Jean-Roch; (Kaiseraugst, CH) ;
Judge; Anthony; (Riehen, CH) ; Meyer; Hanspeter;
(Diegten, CH) |
Correspondence
Address: |
JoAnn Villamizar;Ciba Corporation/Patent Department
540 White Plains Road, P.O. Box 2005
Tarrytown
NY
10591
US
|
Family ID: |
38229033 |
Appl. No.: |
12/519387 |
Filed: |
December 17, 2007 |
PCT Filed: |
December 17, 2007 |
PCT NO: |
PCT/EP2007/064023 |
371 Date: |
June 16, 2009 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
428/17 ;
524/100 |
Current CPC
Class: |
D01F 1/04 20130101; C08L
2205/16 20130101; C08L 23/06 20130101; D10B 2321/021 20130101; C08L
23/12 20130101; D10B 2505/202 20130101; D01F 1/106 20130101; D01F
6/06 20130101; C08L 9/08 20130101; D10B 2401/22 20130101; D01F 6/46
20130101; D01F 6/30 20130101; C08L 2201/08 20130101; D01F 6/04
20130101; E01C 13/08 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
428/17 ;
524/100 |
International
Class: |
A41G 1/00 20060101
A41G001/00; C08K 5/3435 20060101 C08K005/3435 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Dec 27, 2006 |
EP |
06127222.5 |
Claims
1. A multifilament, a monofilament, a non-woven or a tape, each
having 1 to 2000 Denier per filament and a draw ratio of 1:2 to
1:11 and each made of a composition containing the components (A) a
polyolefin, (B) a compound of the formula (B-1) ##STR00036## in
which E is hydrogen, C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.18alkoxy,
cyclohexyloxy, C.sub.2-C.sub.20alkanoyloxy or a group
--O-E.sub.1-OH wherein E.sub.1 is C.sub.2-C.sub.18alkylene or
cyclohexylene or -E.sub.1-OH is a group
--C(C.sub.6H.sub.5)(H)CH.sub.2--OH; m.sub.1 is 1 or 2, if m.sub.1
is 1, E.sub.2 is C.sub.1-C.sub.25alkyl or a group ##STR00037## if
m.sub.1 is 2, E.sub.2 is C.sub.1-C.sub.14alkylene; (C) a compound
of the formula (C-1) ##STR00038## in which R.sub.1, R.sub.3,
R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 independently of one another are hydrogen,
C.sub.1-C.sub.12alkyl, C.sub.5-C.sub.12cycloalkyl,
C.sub.1-C.sub.4-alkyl-substituted C.sub.5-C.sub.12cycloalkyl,
phenyl, phenyl which is substituted by --OH and/or
C.sub.1-C.sub.10alkyl; C.sub.7-C.sub.9phenylalkyl,
C.sub.7-C.sub.9phenylalkyl which is substituted on the phenyl
radical by --OH and/or C.sub.1-C.sub.10alkyl; or a group of the
formula (c-I) ##STR00039## R.sub.2 is C.sub.2-C.sub.18alkylene,
C.sub.5-C.sub.7cycloalkylene or
C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkylenedi(C.sub.5-C.sub.7cycloalkylene), or the
radicals R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3, together with the nitrogen
atoms to which they are bonded, form a 5- to 10-membered
heterocyclic ring, or R.sub.4 and R.sub.5, together with the
nitrogen atom to which they are bonded, form a 5- to 10-membered
heterocyclic ring, R.sub.6 is hydrogen, C.sub.1-C.sub.8alkyl, O,
--OH, --CH.sub.2CN, C.sub.1-C.sub.18alkoxy,
C.sub.5-C.sub.12cycloalkoxy, C.sub.3-C.sub.6alkenyl,
C.sub.7-C.sub.9phenylalkyl unsubstituted or substituted on the
phenyl by 1, 2 or 3 C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl; or C.sub.1-C.sub.8acyl,
and b.sub.1 is a number from 2 to 50, with the proviso that at
least one of the radicals R.sub.1, R.sub.3, R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 is
a group of the formula (c-I); a compound of the formula (C-2)
##STR00040## wherein R.sub.7 and R.sub.11 independently of one
another are hydrogen or C.sub.1-C.sub.12alkyl, R.sub.8, R.sub.9 and
R.sub.10 independently of one another are C.sub.2-C.sub.10alkylene,
and X.sub.1, X.sub.2, X.sub.3, X.sub.4, X.sub.5, X.sub.6, X.sub.7
and X.sub.8 independently of one another are a group of the formula
(c-II), ##STR00041## in which R.sub.12 is hydrogen,
C.sub.1-C.sub.12alkyl, C.sub.5-C.sub.12cycloalkyl,
C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl-substituted C.sub.5-C.sub.12cycloalkyl,
phenyl, --OH-- and/or C.sub.1-C.sub.10alkyl-substituted phenyl,
C.sub.7-C.sub.9phenylalkyl, C.sub.7-C.sub.9phenylalkyl which is
substituted on the phenyl radical by --OH and/or
C.sub.1-C.sub.10alkyl; or a group of the formula (c-I) as defined
above, and R.sub.13 has one of the meanings of R.sub.6; a compound
of the formula (C-3) ##STR00042## wherein b.sub.2 is a number from
2 to 50; the radicals R.sub.14 independently of one another are
C.sub.2-C.sub.10alkylene; the radicals R.sub.15 independently of
one another are hydrogen, C.sub.1-C.sub.12alkyl,
C.sub.5-C.sub.12cycloalkyl, phenyl or C.sub.7-C.sub.9phenylalkyl,
and the radicals R.sub.16 independently of one another have one of
the meanings of R.sub.6; a compound of the formula (C-4)
##STR00043## in which R.sub.17 and R.sub.21 independently of one
another are a direct bond or a
--N(X.sub.9)--CO--X.sub.10--CO--N(X.sub.11)-- group, where X.sub.9
and X.sub.11 independently of one another are hydrogen,
C.sub.1-C.sub.8alkyl, C.sub.5-C.sub.12cycloalkyl, phenyl,
C.sub.7-C.sub.9phenylalkyl or a group of the formula (c-I),
X.sub.10 is a direct bond or C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkylene, R.sub.18 has
one of the meanings of R.sub.6, R.sub.19, R.sub.20, R.sub.23 and
R.sub.24 independently of one another are hydrogen,
C.sub.1-C.sub.30alkyl, C.sub.5-C.sub.12cycloalkyl or phenyl,
R.sub.22 is hydrogen, C.sub.1-C.sub.30alkyl,
C.sub.5-C.sub.12cycloalkyl, phenyl, C.sub.7-C.sub.9phenylalkyl or a
group of the formula (c-I), and b.sub.3 is a number from 1 to 50;
or a compound of the formula (C-5-a) or (C-5-b) ##STR00044##
wherein b.sub.4 and b.sub.4* are a number from 2 to 50; and
optionally (D) one or more inorganic and/or organic pigments.
2. A multifilament, a monofilament, a non-woven or a tape according
to claim 1, wherein E is a group --O-E.sub.1-OH.
3. A multifilament, a monofilament, a non-woven or a tape according
to claim 1, wherein component (A) is polyethylene, polypropylene,
an ethylene copolymer or a propylene copolymer or mixtures
thereof.
4. A multifilament, a monofilament, a non-woven or a tape according
to claim 1, wherein component (B) is a compound of the formula
(B-1-a-0), (B-1-a-1), (B-1-a-2), (B-1-a-3) or (B-1-b); ##STR00045##
wherein the radicals E are identical and are hydrogen, methyl,
octyloxy or cyclohexyloxy.
5. A multifilament, a monofilament, a non-woven or a tape according
to claim 1, wherein component (C) is a compound of the formula
(C-1-a), (C-1-b), (C-1-c), (C-1-d), (C-2-a), (C-3-a), (C-4-a),
(C-4-b), (C-4-c), (C-5-a) or (C-5-b); ##STR00046## wherein b.sub.1
is a number from 2 to 20 and R.sub.6 is hydrogen,
C.sub.1-C.sub.8alkyl, O, --OH, --CH.sub.2CN,
C.sub.1-C.sub.18alkoxy, C.sub.5-C.sub.12cycloalkoxy,
C.sub.3-C.sub.6alkenyl, C.sub.7-C.sub.9phenylalkyl unsubstituted or
substituted on the phenyl by 1, 2 or 3 C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl; or
C.sub.1-C.sub.8acyl; ##STR00047## wherein R.sub.13 has one of the
meanings of R.sub.6; ##STR00048## wherein b.sub.2 is a number from
2 to 20 and R.sub.16 has one of the meanings of R.sub.6;
##STR00049## wherein b.sub.3 is a number from 1 to 20 and R.sub.18
has one of the meanings of R.sub.6; ##STR00050## wherein b.sub.4
and b.sub.4* are a number from 2 to 20.
6. A multifilament, a monofilament, a non-woven or a tape according
to claim 5, wherein the radicals R.sub.6, R.sub.13, R.sub.16 and
R.sub.18 are hydrogen, C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl or
C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkoxy.
7. A multifilament, a monofilament, a non-woven or a tape according
to claim 1, wherein component (B) is a compound of the formula
(B-1-a-1), ##STR00051## and component (C) is a compound of the
formula (C-1-b-1), ##STR00052## wherein b.sub.1 is a number from 2
to 20.
8. A multifilament, a monofilament, a non-woven or a tape according
to claim 1, containing the components (A), (B), (C) and (D).
9. A multifilament, a monofilament, a non-woven or a tape according
to claim 1, containing as additional component (E) an UV
absorber.
10. A multifilament, a monofilament, a non-woven or a tape
according to claim 9, wherein the UV absorber is
2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole, a 2-hydroxybenzophenone, an
ester of substituted or unsubstituted benzoic acid, an acrylate, an
oxamide, a 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine, a monobenzoate of
resorcinol or a formamidine.
11. An article comprising a multifilament, a monofilament, a
non-woven or a tape according to claim 1 and being selected from
the group consisting of a carpet, a roofing membrane, a geotextile,
an automotive polyolefin structure and a shade cloth.
12. An artificial turf comprising a multifilament, a monofilament,
a non-woven or a tape according to claim 8.
13. An artificial turf comprising a multifilament, a monofilament,
a non-woven or a tape according to claim 8 wherein component D is a
pigment formulation containing C.I. Pigment Green 7 and C.I.
Pigment Yellow 110; or a pigment formulation containing C.I.
Pigment Green 7 and C.I. Pigment Yellow 128; or a pigment
formulation containing C.I. Pigment Green 7 and C.I. Pigment Yellow
199; or a pigment formulation containing C.I. Pigment Green 7 and
C.I. Pigment Yellow 34; or a pigment formulation containing C.I.
Pigment Green 7 and C.I. Pigment Yellow 119; or a pigment
formulation containing C.I. Pigment Green 7 and C.I. Pigment Yellow
150.
14. An artificial turf comprising a multifilament, a monofilament,
a non-woven or a tape according to claim 13 containing additionally
a shading component selected from the group consisting of C.I.
Pigment Black 7, C.I. Pigment White 6, C.I. Pigment Red 101 and
C.I. Pigment Blue 15:3.
15. An article containing a multifilament, a monofilament, a
non-woven or a tape according to claim 1 being in contact with a
latex or a rubber.
Description
[0001] The present invention relates to a multifilament, a
monofilament, a non-woven or a tape, each having 1 to 2000 Denier
per filament and a draw ratio of 1:2 to 1:11 and each made of a
composition containing a polyolefin, two specific sterically
hindered amine compounds and optionally an inorganic and/or an
organic pigment, as well as to an article made of the
multifilament, the monofilament, the non-woven or the tape.
[0002] Stabilizer mixtures containing 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine
derivatives are described for example in US-A-2005/049,336, U.S.
Pat. No. 6,747,077, EP-A-1,338,622 and EP-A-1,077,227.
[0003] In more detail, the present invention relates to a
multifilament, a monofilament, a non-woven or a tape, each having 1
to 2000 Denier per filament, preferably 1 to 1000 Denier per
filament, in particular 1 to 500 Denier per filament, and a draw
ratio of 1:2 to 1:11, preferably 1:3 to 1:8, in particular 1:3 to
1:6, and each made of a composition containing the components
[0004] (A) a polyolefin,
[0005] (B) a compound of the formula (B-1)
##STR00002##
[0006] in which
[0007] E is hydrogen, C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.18alkoxy,
cyclohexyloxy, C.sub.2-C.sub.20alkanoyloxy or a group
--O-E.sub.1-OH
[0008] wherein E.sub.1 is C.sub.2-C.sub.18alkylene or cyclohexylene
or -E.sub.1-OH is a group --C(C.sub.6H.sub.5)(H)CH.sub.2--OH;
[0009] m.sub.1 is 1 or 2,
[0010] if m.sub.1 is 1, E.sub.2 is C.sub.1-C.sub.25alkyl or a
group
##STR00003##
[0011] if m.sub.1 is 2, E.sub.2 is C.sub.1-C.sub.14alkylene;
[0012] (C) a compound of the formula (C-1)
##STR00004##
[0013] in which
[0014] R.sub.1, R.sub.3, R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 independently of one
another are hydrogen, C.sub.1-C.sub.12alkyl,
C.sub.5-C.sub.12cycloalkyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.4-alkyl-substituted
C.sub.5-C.sub.12cycloalkyl, phenyl, phenyl which is substituted by
--OH and/or C.sub.1-C.sub.10alkyl; C.sub.7-C.sub.9phenylalkyl,
C.sub.7-C.sub.9phenylalkyl which is substituted on the phenyl
radical by --OH and/or C.sub.1-C.sub.10alkyl; or a group of the
formula (c-I)
##STR00005##
[0015] R.sub.2 is C.sub.2-C.sub.18alkylene,
C.sub.5-C.sub.7cycloalkylene or
C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkylenedi(C.sub.5-C.sub.7cycloalkylene), or
[0016] the radicals R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3, together with the
nitrogen atoms to which they are bonded, form a 5- to 10-membered
heterocyclic ring, or
[0017] R.sub.4 and R.sub.5, together with the nitrogen atom to
which they are bonded, form a 5- to 10-membered heterocyclic
ring,
[0018] R.sub.6 is hydrogen, C.sub.1-C.sub.8alkyl, O, --OH,
--CH.sub.2CN, C.sub.1-C.sub.18alkoxy, C.sub.5-C.sub.12cycloalkoxy,
C.sub.3-C.sub.6alkenyl, C.sub.7-C.sub.9phenylalkyl unsubstituted or
substituted on the phenyl by 1, 2 or 3 C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl; or
C.sub.1-C.sub.8acyl, and
[0019] b.sub.1 is a number from 2 to 50,
[0020] with the proviso that at least one of the radicals R.sub.1,
R.sub.3, R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 is a group of the formula (c-I);
[0021] a compound of the formula (C-2)
##STR00006##
[0022] wherein
[0023] R.sub.7 and R.sub.11 independently of one another are
hydrogen or C.sub.1-C.sub.12alkyl,
[0024] R.sub.8, R.sub.9 and R.sub.10 independently of one another
are C.sub.2-C.sub.10alkylene, and
[0025] X.sub.1, X.sub.2, X.sub.3, X.sub.4, X.sub.5, X.sub.6,
X.sub.7 and X.sub.8 independently of one another are a group of the
formula (c-II),
##STR00007##
[0026] in which R.sub.12 is hydrogen, C.sub.1-C.sub.12alkyl,
C.sub.5-C.sub.12cycloalkyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl-substituted
C.sub.5-C.sub.12cycloalkyl, phenyl, --OH-- and/or
C.sub.1-C.sub.10alkyl-substituted phenyl,
C.sub.7-C.sub.9phenylalkyl, C.sub.7-C.sub.9phenylalkyl which is
substituted on the phenyl radical by --OH and/or
C.sub.1-C.sub.10alkyl; or a group of the formula (c-I) as defined
above, and
[0027] R.sub.13 has one of the meanings of R.sub.6;
[0028] a compound of the formula (C-3)
##STR00008##
[0029] wherein
[0030] b.sub.2 is a number from 2 to 50;
[0031] the radicals R.sub.14 independently of one another are
C.sub.2-C.sub.10alkylene;
[0032] the radicals R.sub.15 independently of one another are
hydrogen, C.sub.1-C.sub.12alkyl, C.sub.5-C.sub.12cycloalkyl, phenyl
or C.sub.7-C.sub.9phenylalkyl, and
[0033] the radicals R.sub.16 independently of one another have one
of the meanings of R.sub.6;
[0034] a compound of the formula (C-4)
##STR00009##
[0035] in which
[0036] R.sub.17 and R.sub.21 independently of one another are a
direct bond or a --N(X.sub.9)--CO--X.sub.10--CO--N(X.sub.11)--
group, where X.sub.9 and X.sub.11 independently of one another are
hydrogen, C.sub.1-C.sub.8alkyl, C.sub.5-C.sub.12cycloalkyl, phenyl,
C.sub.7-C.sub.9phenylalkyl or a group of the formula (c-I),
[0037] X.sub.10 is a direct bond or C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkylene,
[0038] R.sub.18 has one of the meanings of R.sub.6,
[0039] R.sub.19, R.sub.20, R.sub.23 and R.sub.24 independently of
one another are hydrogen, C.sub.1-C.sub.30alkyl,
C.sub.5-C.sub.12cycloalkyl or phenyl,
[0040] R.sub.22 is hydrogen, C.sub.1-C.sub.30alkyl,
C.sub.5-C.sub.12cycloalkyl, phenyl, C.sub.7-C.sub.9phenylalkyl or a
group of the formula (c-I), and
[0041] b.sub.3 is a number from 1 to 50; or
[0042] a compound of the formula (C-5-a) or (C-5-b)
##STR00010##
[0043] wherein
[0044] b.sub.4 and b.sub.4* are a number from 2 to 50;
[0045] and optionally
[0046] (D) one or more inorganic and/or organic pigments.
[0047] E is in particular a group --O-E.sub.1-OH.
[0048] A non-woven is in particular a spun bonded or carded web
(e.g. needle punched, non-bonded, chemically bonded or
hydroentangled) made of staple fibers.
[0049] Preferred is a multifilament, a monofilament, a non-woven or
a tape, containing the components (A), (B), (C) and (D).
[0050] Examples of component (A) are:
[0051] 1. Polymers of monoolefins and diolefins, for example
polypropylene, polyisobutylene, polybut-1-ene,
poly-4-methylpent-1-ene, polyisoprene or polybutadiene, as well as
polymers of cycloolefins, for instance of cyclopentene or
norbornene, polyethylene (which optionally can be crosslinked), for
example high density polyethylene (HDPE), high density and high
molecular weight polyethylene (HDPE-HMW), high density and
ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (HDPE-UHMW), medium density
polyethylene (MDPE), low density polyethylene (LDPE), linear low
density polyethylene (LLDPE), branched low density polyethylene
(BLDPE).
[0052] Polyolefins, i.e. the polymers of monoolefins exemplified in
the preceding paragraph, preferably polyethylene and polypropylene,
can be prepared by different, and especially by the following,
methods: [0053] a) radical polymerisation (normally under high
pressure and at elevated temperature). [0054] b) catalytic
polymerisation using a catalyst that normally contains one or more
than one metal of groups IVb, Vb, VIb or VIII of the Periodic
Table. These metals usually have one or more than one ligand,
typically oxides, halides, alcoholates, esters, ethers, amines,
alkyls, alkenyls and/or aryls that may be either .pi.- or
.sigma.-coordinated. These metal complexes may be in the free form
or fixed on substrates, typically on activated magnesium chloride,
titanium(III) chloride, alumina or silicon oxide. These catalysts
may be soluble or insoluble in the polymerisation medium. The
catalysts can be used by themselves in the polymerisation or
further activators may be used, typically metal alkyls, metal
hydrides, metal alkyl halides, metal alkyl oxides or metal
alkyloxanes, said metals being elements of groups Ia, IIa and/or
IIIa of the Periodic Table. The activators may be modified
conveniently with further ester, ether, amine or silyl ether
groups. These catalyst systems are usually termed Phillips,
Standard Oil Indiana, Ziegler (-Natta), TNZ (DuPont), metallocene
or single site catalysts (SSC).
[0055] 2. Mixtures of the polymers mentioned under 1), for example
mixtures of polypropylene with polyisobutylene, polypropylene with
polyethylene (for example PP/HDPE, PP/LDPE) and mixtures of
different types of polyethylene (for example LDPE/HDPE).
[0056] 3. Copolymers of monoolefins and diolefins with each other
or with other vinyl monomers, for example ethylene/propylene
copolymers, linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) and mixtures
thereof with low density polyethylene (LDPE), propylene/but-1-ene
copolymers, propylene/isobutylene copolymers, ethylene/but-1-ene
copolymers, ethylene/hexene copolymers, ethylene/methylpentene
copolymers, ethylene/heptene copolymers, ethylene/octene
copolymers, propylene/butadiene copolymers, isobutylene/isoprene
copolymers, ethylene/alkyl acrylate copolymers, ethylene/alkyl
methacrylate copolymers, ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymers and
their copolymers with carbon monoxide or ethylene/acrylic acid
copolymers and their salts (ionomers) as well as terpolymers of
ethylene with propylene and a diene such as hexadiene,
dicyclopentadiene or ethylidene-norbornene; and mixtures of such
copolymers with one another and with polymers mentioned in 1)
above, for example polypropylene/ethylene-propylene copolymers,
LDPE/ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers (EVA), LDPE/ethylene-acrylic
acid copolymers (EAA), LLDPE/EVA, LLDPE/EAA and alternating or
random polyalkylene/carbon monoxide copolymers and mixtures thereof
with other polymers, for example polyamides.
[0057] The polyolefins listed above under point 1 are preferred.
Polyethylene, polypropylene, an ethylene copolymer or a propylene
copolymer or mixtures thereof are particularly preferred.
[0058] Examples of alkyl having up to 30 carbon atoms are methyl,
ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl,
2-ethylbutyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, 1-methylpentyl,
1,3-dimethyl-butyl, n-hexyl, 1-methylhexyl, n-heptyl, isoheptyl,
1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl, 1-methylheptyl, 3-methylheptyl, n-octyl,
2-ethylhexyl, 1,1,3-trimethylhexyl, 1,1,3,3-tetramethylpentyl,
nonyl, decyl, undecyl, 1-methylundecyl, dodecyl,
1,1,3,3,5,5-hexamethylhexyl, tridecyl, tetradecyl, pentadecyl,
hexadecyl, heptadecyl, octadecyl, eicosyl, docosyl and triacontyl.
One of the preferred definitions of E.sub.2 is
C.sub.15-C.sub.17alkyl. One of the preferred definitions of
R.sub.6, R.sub.13, R.sub.16 and R.sub.18 is C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl,
especially methyl.
[0059] Examples of alkoxy having up to 18 carbon atoms are methoxy,
ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, butoxy, isobutoxy, pentoxy,
isopentoxy, hexoxy, heptoxy, octoxy, decyloxy, dodecyloxy,
tetradecyloxy, hexadecyloxy and octadecyloxy. One of the preferred
meanings of R.sub.6 and R.sub.13 is propoxy.
[0060] Examples of C.sub.2-C.sub.20alkanoyloxy are methanoyloxy,
ethanoyloxy, propanoyloxy, butanoyloxy, pentanoyloxy, hexanoyloxy,
heptanoyloxy, octanoyloxy, nonanoyloxy and decanoyloxy.
[0061] Examples of C.sub.5-C.sub.12cycloalkyl are cyclopentyl,
cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl and cyclododecyl.
C.sub.5-C.sub.8Cycloalkyl, especially cyclohexyl, is preferred.
[0062] C.sub.1-C.sub.4Alkyl-substituted C.sub.5-C.sub.12cycloalkyl
is for example methylcyclohexyl or dimethylcyclohexyl.
[0063] Examples of C.sub.5-C.sub.12cycloalkoxy are cyclopentoxy,
cyclohexoxy, cycloheptoxy, cyclooctoxy, cyclodecyloxy and
cyclododecyloxy. C.sub.5-C.sub.8Cycloalkoxy, in particular
cyclopentoxy and cyclohexoxy, is preferred.
[0064] --OH-- and/or C.sub.1-C.sub.10alkyl-substituted phenyl is
for example methylphenyl, dimethylphenyl, trimethylphenyl,
tert-butylphenyl or 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl.
[0065] Examples of C.sub.7-C.sub.9phenylalkyl are benzyl and
phenylethyl.
[0066] C.sub.7-C.sub.9Phenylalkyl which is substituted on the
phenyl radical by --OH and/or by alkyl having up to 10 carbon atoms
is for example methylbenzyl, dimethylbenzyl, trimethylbenzyl,
tert-butylbenzyl or 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl.
[0067] Examples of alkenyl having up to 6 carbon atoms are allyl,
2-methallyl, butenyl, pentenyl and hexenyl. Allyl is preferred. The
carbon atom in position 1 is preferably saturated.
[0068] Examples of acyl containing not more than 8 carbon atoms are
formyl, acetyl, propionyl, butyryl, pentanoyl, hexanoyl, heptanoyl,
octanoyl, acryloyl, methacryloyl and benzoyl.
C.sub.1-C.sub.8Alkanoyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.8alkenoyl and benzoyl are
preferred. Acetyl and acryloyl are especially preferred.
[0069] Examples of alkylene having up to 18 carbon atoms are
methylene, ethylene, propylene, trimethylene, tetramethylene,
pentamethylene, 2,2-dimethyltrimethylene, hexamethylene,
trimethylhexamethylene and octamethylene.
[0070] An example of C.sub.5-C.sub.7cycloalkylene is
cyclohexylene.
[0071] An example of
C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkylenedi(C.sub.5-C.sub.7cycloalkylene) is
methylenedicyclohexylene.
[0072] Where the radicals R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3, together
with the nitrogen atoms to which they are attached, form a 5- to
10-membered heterocyclic ring, this ring is for example
##STR00011##
[0073] A 6-membered heterocyclic ring is preferred.
[0074] Where the radicals R.sub.4 and R.sub.5, together with the
nitrogen atom to which they are attached, form a 5- to 10-membered
heterocyclic ring, this ring is for example 1-pyrrolidyl,
piperidino, morpholino, 1-piperazinyl, 4-methyl-1-piperazinyl,
1-hexahydroazepinyl, 5,5,7-trimethyl-1-homopiperazinyl or
4,5,5,7-tetramethyl-1-homopiperazinyl. Morpholino is particularly
preferred.
[0075] One of the preferred definitions of R.sub.19 and R.sub.23 is
phenyl.
[0076] b.sub.1 is preferably a number from 2 to 25, in particular 2
to 20.
[0077] b.sub.2 is preferably a number from 2 to 20, in particular 2
to 10.
[0078] b.sub.3 is preferably a number from 1 to 25, in particluar 1
to 20.
[0079] b.sub.4 and b.sub.4* are preferably a number from 2 to 25,
in particular 2 to 20.
[0080] The compounds described above as components (B) and (C) are
essentially known and commercially available. All of them can be
prepared by known methods.
[0081] The preparation of the compounds of component (B) is
disclosed for example in GB-A-2,347,928.
[0082] The preparation of the compounds of component (C) is
disclosed for example in U.S. Pat. No. 4,086,204, U.S. Pat. No.
6,046,304, U.S. Pat. No. 4,331,586, U.S. Pat. No. 4,108,829,
WO-A-94/12,544 (Derwent 94-177,274/22), DD-A-262,439 (Derwent
89-122,983/17), U.S. Pat. No. 4,857,595, U.S. Pat. No. 4,477,615,
CAS 136,504-96-6, U.S. Pat. No. 4,340,534 and WO-A-98/51,690.
[0083] Component (B) is for example DASTIB 845.RTM., ADK Stab LA
81.RTM., TINUVIN 770.RTM. or TINUVIN 123.RTM..
[0084] Component (C) is preferably selected from the group
consisting of the following commercial products:
[0085] CHIMASSORB 944.RTM., CHIMASSORB 2020.RTM., CYASORB UV
3346.RTM., CYASORB UV 3529.RTM., DASTIB 1082.RTM., CHIMASSORB
119.RTM., UVASORB HA 88.RTM., UVINUL 5050 H.RTM., LICHTSCHUTZSTOFF
UV 31.RTM., LUCHEM HA B 18.RTM. and HOSTAVIN N 30.RTM..
[0086] The meanings of the terminal groups which saturate the free
valences in the compounds of the formulae (C-1), (C-3), (C-4),
(C-5-a) and (C-5-b) depend on the processes used for their
preparation. The terminal groups can also be modified after the
preparation of the compounds.
[0087] If the compounds of the formula (C-1) are prepared by
reacting a compound of the formula
##STR00012##
[0088] in which X is, for example, halogen, in particular chlorine,
and R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 are as defined above, with a compound of
the formula
##STR00013##
[0089] in which R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are as defined above,
the terminal group bonded to the diamino radical is hydrogen or
##STR00014##
[0090] and the terminal group bonded to the triazine radical is X
or
##STR00015##
[0091] If X is halogen, it is advantageous to replace this, for
example, by --OH or an amino group when the reaction is complete.
Examples of amino groups which may be mentioned are
pyrrolidin-1-yl, morpholino, --NH.sub.2,
--N(C.sub.1-C.sub.8)alkyl).sub.2 and --NR(C.sub.1-C.sub.8alkyl), in
which R is hydrogen or a group of the formula (c-I).
[0092] The compounds of the formula (C-1) also cover compounds of
the formula
##STR00016##
[0093] wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5 and
b.sub.1 are as defined above and R.sub.4* has one of the meanings
of R.sub.4 and R.sub.5* has one of the meanings of R.sub.5.
[0094] One of the particularly preferred compounds of the formula
(C-1) is
##STR00017##
[0095] The preparation of this compound is described in Example 10
of U.S. Pat. No. 6,046,304.
[0096] In the compounds of the formula (C-3), the terminal group
bonded to the triazine radical is, for example, Cl or a
##STR00018##
[0097] group, and the terminal group bonded to the amino radical
is, for example, hydrogen or a
##STR00019##
[0098] group.
[0099] In the compounds of the formula (C-4), the terminal group
bonded to the 2,5-dioxopyrrolidine ring is, for example, hydrogen,
and the terminal group bonded to the --C(R.sub.23)(R.sub.24)--
radical is, for example,
##STR00020##
[0100] In the compounds of the formula (C-5-a), the terminal group
bonded to the nitrogen can be, for example, hydrogen and the
terminal group bonded to the 2-hydroxypropylene radical can be, for
example, a
##STR00021##
group.
[0101] In the compounds of the formula (C-5-b), the terminal group
bonded to the dimethylene radical can be, for example, --OH, and
the terminal group bonded to the oxygen can be, for example,
hydrogen. The terminal groups can also be polyether radicals.
[0102] Examples of inorganic pigments are titanium dioxide, zinc
oxide, zinc ferrite, carbon black, cadmium sulfide, cadmium
selenide, chromium oxide, iron oxide, lead oxide, lead chromates,
bismuth vanadate and so on. TiO.sub.2 is one of the preferred
examples of component (D).
[0103] Examples of organic pigments are azo and azo-condensation
pigments, anthraquinones, phthalocyanines,
tetrachloroisoindolinones, quinacridones, isoindolines, perylenes,
pyrrolopyrroles (such as Pigment Red 254), metal complex pigments
and so on.
[0104] All pigments described in "Gachter/Muller: Plastics
Additives Handbook, 3rd Edition, Hanser Publishers, Munich Vienna
New York", page 647 to 659, point 11.2.1.1 to 11.2.4.2 can be used
as component (D).
[0105] Examples of such inorganic pigments are:
[0106] C.I. (Colour Index) Pigment Yellow 34, C.I. Pigment Yellow
119; C.I. Pigment Yellow 184, C.I. Pigment Red 101.
[0107] Examples of such organic pigments are:
[0108] C.I. Pigment Yellow 93, C.I. Pigment Yellow 95, C.I. Pigment
Yellow 109; C.I. Pigment Yellow 110; C.I. Pigment Yellow 128, C.I.
Pigment Yellow 138, C.I. Pigment Yellow 139, C.I. Pigment Yellow
150, C.I. Pigment Yellow 155, C.I. Pigment Yellow 162, C.I. Pigment
Yellow 168, C.I. Pigment Yellow 180, C.I. Pigment Yellow 183, C.I.
Pigment Yellow 199, C.I. Pigment Red 44, C.I. Pigment Red 170, C.I.
Pigment Red 202, C.I. Pigment Red 214, C.I. Pigment Red 254, C.I.
Pigment Red 264, C.I. Pigment Red 272, C.I. Pigment Red 283, C.I.
Pigment Red 48:2, C.I. Pigment Red 48:3, C.I. Pigment Red 53:1,
C.I. Pigment Red 57:1, C.I. Pigment Green 7, C.I. Pigment Blue
15:1, C.I. Pigment Blue 15:3 and C.I. Pigment Violet 19.
[0109] C.I. Pigment Yellow 93 and C.I. Pigment Blue 15:3 are
particularly preferred.
[0110] A further example of a yellow pigment which can be used
according to the present invention is Pigment Yellow 108.
[0111] A red pigment such as e.g. Ciba.RTM.CROMOPHTAL.RTM.Red
BNFP.RTM., a yellow pigment such as e.g.
Ciba.RTM.CROMOPHTAL.RTM.Yellow 3GNP.RTM. or a blue pigment such as
e.g. Ciba.RTM.CROMOPHTAL.RTM.Blue 4GNP.RTM. is also preferred as
component (D).
[0112] Component (B) is preferably a compound of the formula
(B-1-a-0), (B-1-a-1), (B-1-a-2), (B-1-a-3) or (B-1-b);
##STR00022##
[0113] wherein the radicals E are identical and are hydrogen,
methyl, octyloxy or cyclohexyloxy.
[0114] The compound of the formula (B-1-a-1) is of particular
interest.
[0115] Component (C) is preferably a compound of the formula
(C-1-a), (C-1-b), (C-1-c), (C-1-d), (C-2-a), (C-3-a), (C-4-a),
(C-4-b), (C-4-c), (C-5-a) or (C-5-b);
##STR00023##
[0116] wherein
[0117] b.sub.1 is a number from 2 to 20 and
[0118] R.sub.6 is hydrogen, C.sub.1-C.sub.8alkyl, O, --OH,
--CH.sub.2CN, C.sub.1-C.sub.18alkoxy, C.sub.5-C.sub.12cycloalkoxy,
C.sub.3-C.sub.6alkenyl, C.sub.7-C.sub.9phenylalkyl unsubstituted or
substituted on the phenyl by 1, 2 or 3 C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl; or
C.sub.1-C.sub.8acyl;
##STR00024##
[0119] wherein R.sub.13 has one of the meanings of R.sub.6;
##STR00025##
[0120] wherein b.sub.2 is a number from 2 to 20 and R.sub.16 has
one of the meanings of R.sub.6;
##STR00026##
[0121] wherein b.sub.3 is a number from 1 to 20 and R.sub.18 has
one of the meanings of R.sub.6;
##STR00027##
[0122] wherein
[0123] b.sub.4 and b.sub.4* are a number from 2 to 20.
[0124] The radicals R.sub.6, R.sub.13, R.sub.16 and R.sub.18 are
preferably hydrogen, C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl or
C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkoxy.
[0125] A preferred embodiment of the present invention relates a
multifilament, a monofilament, a non-woven or a tape according to
claim 1, wherein component (B) is a compound of the formula
(B-1-a-1)
##STR00028##
[0126] and component (C) is a compound of the formula
(C-1-b-1).
##STR00029##
[0127] wherein b.sub.1 is a number from 2 to 20.
[0128] A further preferred embodiment of the present invention
relates to a multifilament, a monofilament, a non-woven or a tape
as defined above, containing as additional component (E) an UV
absorber.
[0129] The UV absorber of component (E) is preferably a
2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole, a 2-hydroxybenzophenone, an
ester of substituted or unsubstituted benzoic acid, an acrylate, an
oxamide, a 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine, a monobenzoate of
resorcinol or a formamidine.
[0130] The 2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole is for example
2-(2'-hydroxy-5'-methylphenyl)-benzo-triazole,
2-(3',5'-di-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole,
2-(5'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole,
2-(2'-hydroxy-5'-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)phenyl)benzotriazole,
2-(3',5'-di-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxyphenyl)-5-chloro-benzotriazole,
2-(3'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-methyl-phenyl)-5-chloro-benzotriazole,
2-(3'-sec-butyl-5'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole,
2-(2'-hydroxy-4'-octyloxyphenyl)benzotriazole,
2-(3',5'-di-tert-amyl-2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole,
2-(3',5'-bis-(.alpha.,.alpha.-dimethylbenzyl)-2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriaz-
ole, mixture of
2-(3'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-(2-octyloxycarbonylethyl)phenyl)-5-chloro--
benzotriazole,
2-(3'-tert-butyl-5'-[2-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-carbonylethyl]-2'-hydroxyphenyl)-
-5-chloro-benzotriazole,
2-(3'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-(2-methoxycarbonylethyl)phenyl)-5-chloro-b-
enzotriazole,
2-(3'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-(2-methoxycarbonylethyl)phenyl)benzotriazo-
le,
2-(3'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-(2-octyloxycarbonylethyl)phenyl)benzotr-
iazole,
2-(3'-tert-butyl-5'-[2-(2-ethylhexyl-oxy)carbonylethyl]-2'-hydroxy-
phenyl)benzotriazole,
2-(3'-dodecyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-methylphenyl)benzotriazole,
2-(3'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-(2-isooctyloxycarbonylethyl)phenylbenzotri-
azole,
2,2'-methylene-bis[4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)-6-benzotriazole-2-y-
lphenol] or the transesterification product of
2-[3'-tert-butyl-5'-(2-methoxycarbonylethyl)-2'-hydroxyphenyl]-2H-benzotr-
iazole with polyethylene glycol 300.
[0131]
2-(3',5'-Di-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxyphenyl)-5-chloro-benzotriazole,
2-(3'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-methylphenyl)-5-chloro-benzotriazole,
2-(3',5'-bis-(.alpha.,.alpha.-dimethylbenzyl)-2'-hydroxyphenyl)-benzotria-
zole and 2-(3',5'-di-tert-amyl-2'-hydroxyphenyl)-benzotriazole are
preferred.
[0132] The 2-hydroxybenzophenone is for example the 4-hydroxy,
4-methoxy, 4-octyloxy, 4-decyl-oxy, 4-dodecyloxy, 4-benzyloxy,
4,2',4'-trihydroxy or 2'-hydroxy-4,4'-dimethoxy derivatives.
[0133] 2-Hydroxy-4-octyloxybenzophenone is preferred.
[0134] The ester of a substituted or unsubstituted benzoic acid is
for example 4-tert-butyl-phenyl salicylate, phenyl salicylate,
octylphenyl salicylate, dibenzoyl resorcinol,
bis(4-tert-butylbenzoyl)resorcinol, benzoyl resorcinol,
2,4-di-tertbutylphenyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate,
hexadecyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate, octadecyl
3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-benzoate or
2-methyl-4,6-di-tert-butylphenyl
3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate.
[0135] 2,4-Di-tert-butylphenyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate
and hexadecyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate are
preferred.
[0136] The acrylate is for example ethyl
.alpha.-cyano-.beta.,.beta.-diphenylacrylate, isooctyl
.alpha.-cyano-.beta.,.beta.-di-phenylacrylate, methyl
.alpha.-carbomethoxycinnamate, methyl
.alpha.-cyano-.beta.-methyl-p-methoxy-cinnamate, butyl
.alpha.-cyano-.beta.-methyl-p-methoxy-cinnamate, methyl
.alpha.-carbomethoxy-p-methoxycinnamate or
N-(.beta.-carbomethoxy-.beta.-cyanovinyl)-2-methylindoline.
[0137] The oxamide is for example 4,4'-dioctyloxyoxanilide,
2,2'-diethoxyoxanilide, 2,2'-dioctyloxy-5,5'-di-tert-butoxanilide,
2,2'-didodecyloxy-5,5'-di-tert-butoxanilide,
2-ethoxy-2'-ethyloxanilide, N,N'-bis(3-dimethylaminopropyl)oxamide,
2-ethoxy-5-tert-butyl-2'-ethoxanilide or its mixture with
2-ethoxy-2'-ethyl-5,4'-di-tert-butoxanilide or mixtures of ortho-
and para-methoxy-disubstituted oxanilides or mixtures of o- and
p-ethoxy-disubstituted oxanilides.
[0138] The 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine is for example
2,4,6-tris(2-hydroxy-4-octyloxyphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine,
2-(2-hydroxy-4-octyloxyphenyl)-4,6-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine-
,
2-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-4,6-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine,
2,4-bis(2-hydroxy-4-propyl-oxyphenyl)-6-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazi-
ne,
2-(2-hydroxy-4-octyloxyphenyl)-4,6-bis(4-methylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine,
2-(2-hydroxy-4-dodecyloxyphenyl)-4,6-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazi-
ne,
2-(2-hydroxy-4-tridecyloxyphenyl)-4,6-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-1,3,5-tr-
iazine,
2-[2-hydroxy-4-(2-hydroxy-3-butyloxy-propoxy)phenyl]-4,6-bis(2,4-d-
imethyl)-1,3,5-triazine,
2-[2-hydroxy-4-(2-hydroxy-3-octyloxy-propyloxy)phenyl]-4,6-bis(2,4-dimeth-
yl)-1,3,5-triazine,
2-[4-(dodecyloxy/tridecyloxy-2-hydroxypropoxy)-2-hydroxy-phenyl]-4,6-bis(-
2,4-dimethylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine,
2-[2-hydroxy-4-(2-hydroxy-3-dodecyloxy-propoxy)phenyl]-4,6-bis(2,4-dimeth-
yl-phenyl)-1,3,5-triazine,
2-(2-hydroxy-4-hexyloxy)phenyl-4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazine,
2-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazine,
2,4,6-tris[2-hydroxy-4-(3-butoxy-2-hydroxy-propoxy)phenyl]-1,3,5-triazine-
, 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-6-phenyl-1,3,5-triazine
or
2-(2-hydroxy-4-(2-ethylhexyl)oxy)phenyl-4,6-di(4-phenyl-phenyl)-1,3,5-tri-
azine.
[0139]
2-(2-Hydroxy-4-octyloxyphenyl)-4,6-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-1,3,5-tr-
iazine, 2-(2-hydroxy-4-hexyloxy)phenyl-4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazine
and
2-(2-hydroxy-4-(2-ethylhexyl)oxy)phenyl-4,6-di(4-phenyl-phenyl)-1,3,5-tri-
azine are preferred.
[0140] The monobenzoate of resorcinol is for example the compound
of the formula
##STR00030##
[0141] The formamidine is for example the compound of the
formula
##STR00031##
[0142] The UV absorber of component (E) is preferably a
[0143] 2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole, a
3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate or a
2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine;
[0144] in particular
2-(3',5'-bis-(.alpha.,.alpha.-dimethylbenzyl)-2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriaz-
ole, 2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate
or
[0145]
2-(2-hydroxy-4-(2-ethylhexyl)oxy)phenyl-4,6-di(4-phenyl-phenyl)-1,3-
,5-triazine.
[0146] The multifilament, the monofilament, the non-woven or the
tape according to the present invention may optionally contain one
or more conventional additives. Examples are:
[0147] 1. Antioxidants
[0148] 1.1. Alkylated monophenols, for example
2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, 2-tert-butyl-4,6-di-methylphenol,
2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-ethylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-n-butylphenol,
2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-isobutylphenol,
2,6-dicyclopentyl-4-methylphenol,
2-(.alpha.-methylcyclohexyl)-4,6-dimethyl-phenol,
2,6-dioctadecyl-4-methylphenol, 2,4,6-tricyclohexylphenol,
2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methoxymethylphenol, nonylphenols which are
linear or branched in the side chains, for example,
2,6-di-nonyl-4-methylphenol,
2,4-dimethyl-6-(1'-methylundec-1'-yl)phenol,
2,4-dimethyl-6-(1'-methylheptadec-1'-yl)phenol,
2,4-dimethyl-6-(1'-methyltridec-1'-yl)phenol and mixtures
thereof.
[0149] 1.2. Alkylthiomethylphenols, for example
2,4-dioctylthiomethyl-6-tert-butylphenol,
2,4-dioctyl-thiomethyl-6-methylphenol,
2,4-dioctylthiomethyl-6-ethylphenol,
2,6-di-dodecylthiomethyl-4-nonylphenol.
[0150] 1.3. Hydroquinones and alkylated hydroquinones, for example
2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methoxy-phenol, 2,5-di-tert-butylhydroquinone,
2,5-di-tert-amylhydroquinone, 2,6-diphenyl-4-octade-cyloxyphenol,
2,6-di-tert-butylhydroquinone, 2,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole,
3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole,
3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl stearate,
bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)adipate.
[0151] 1.4. Tocopherols, for example .alpha.-tocopherol,
.beta.-tocopherol, .gamma.-tocopherol, .delta.-tocopherol and
mixtures thereof (vitamin E).
[0152] 1.5. Hydroxylated thiodiphenyl ethers, for example
2,2'-thiobis(6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol),
2,2'-thiobis(4-octylphenol),
4,4'-thiobis(6-tert-butyl-3-methylphenol),
4,4'-thiobis(6-tert-butyl-2-methylphenol),
4,4'-thiobis(3,6-di-sec-amylphenol),
4,4'-bis(2,6-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-disulfide.
[0153] 1.6. Alkylidenebisphenols, for example
2,2'-methylenebis(6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol),
2,2'-methylenebis(6-tert-butyl-4-ethylphenol),
2,2'-methylenebis[4-methyl-6-(.alpha.-methylcyclohexyl)-phenol],
2,2'-methylenebis(4-methyl-6-cyclohexylphenol),
2,2'-methylenebis(6-nonyl-4-methylphenol),
2,2'-methylenebis(4,6-di-tert-butylphenol),
2,2'-ethylidenebis(4,6-di-tert-butyl-phenol),
2,2'-ethylidenebis(6-tert-butyl-4-isobutylphenol),
2,2'-methylenebis[6-(.alpha.-methylbenzyl)-4-nonylphenol],
2,2'-methylenebis[6-(.alpha.,.alpha.-dimethylbenzyl)-4-nonylphenol],
4,4'-methylenebis(2,6-di-tert-butylphenol),
4,4'-methylenebis(6-tert-butyl-2-methylphenol),
1,1-bis(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)butane,
2,6-bis(3-tert-butyl-5-methyl-2-hydroxybenzyl)-4-methylphenol,
1,1,3-tris(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)butane,
1,1-bis(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-2-methyl-phenyl)-3-n-dodecylmercaptobutane-
, ethylene glycol
bis[3,3-bis(3'-tert-butyl-4'-hydroxyphenyl)butyrate],
bis(3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-phenyl)dicyclopentadiene,
bis[2-(3'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-methylbenzyl)-6-tert-butyl-4-methylphe-
nyl]terephthalate, 1,1-bis-(3,5-dimethyl-2-hydroxyphenyl)butane,
2,2-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propane,
2,2-bis(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)-4-n-dodecylmercaptobutane,
1,1,5,5-tetra-(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)pentane.
[0154] 1.7. O--, N-- and S-benzyl compounds, for example
3,5,3',5'-tetra-tert-butyl-4,4'-dihydroxydibenzyl ether,
octadecyl-4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylbenzylmercaptoacetate,
tridecyl-4-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-butylbenzylmercaptoacetate,
tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)amine,
bis(4-tert-butyl-3-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylbenzyl)dithioterephthalate,
bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-benzyl)sulfide,
isooctyl-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylmercaptoacetate.
[0155] 1.8. Hydroxybenzylated malonates, for example
dioctadecyl-2,2-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-hydroxybenzyl)malonate,
di-octadecyl-2-(3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylbenzyl)malonate,
di-dodecylmercaptoethyl-2,2-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)malonat-
e,
bis[4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)phenyl]-2,2-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hyd-
roxybenzyl)malonate.
[0156] 1.9. Aromatic hydroxybenzyl compounds, for example
1,3,5-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-benzyl)-2,4,6-trimethylbenzene,
1,4-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)-2,3,5,6-tetramethylbenzene,
2,4,6-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)phenol.
[0157] 1.10. Triazine compounds, for example
2,4-bis(octylmercapto)-6-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-anilino)-1,3,5-tria-
zine,
2-octylmercapto-4,6-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanilino)-1,3,5-tr-
iazine,
2-octylmercapto-4,6-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenoxy)-1,3,5--
triazine,
2,4,6-tris-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenoxy)-1,2,3-triazine,
1,3,5-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)isocyanurate,
1,3,5-tris(4-tert-butyl-3-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylbenzyl)isocyanurate,
2,4,6-tris-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine,
1,3,5-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-phenylpropionyl)-hexahydro-1,3,5-t-
riazine,
1,3,5-tris(3,5-dicyclohexyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)iso-cyanurate.
[0158] 1.11. Benzylphosphonates, for example
dimethyl-2,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylphosphonate,
diethyl-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylphosphonate,
dioctadecyl-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylphosphonate,
dioctadecyl-5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-3-methylbenzylphosphonate, the
calcium salt of the monoethyl ester of
3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylphosphonic acid.
[0159] 1.12. Acylaminophenols, for example 4-hydroxylauranilide,
4-hydroxystearanilide, octyl
N-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)carbamate.
[0160] 1.13. Esters of
.beta.-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid with mono-
or polyhydric alcohols, e.g. with methanol, ethanol, n-octanol,
i-octanol, octadecanol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,9-nonanediol, ethylene
glycol, 1,2-propanediol, neopentyl glycol, thiodiethylene glycol,
diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, pentaerythritol,
tris(hydroxyethyl)isocyanurate, N,N'-bis(hydroxyethyl)oxamide,
3-thiaundecanol, 3-thiapentadecanol, trimethylhexanediol,
trimethylol-propane,
4-hydroxymethyl-1-phospha-2,6,7-trioxabicyclo[2.2.2]octane.
[0161] 1.14. Esters of
.beta.-(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)propionic acid with
mono- or poly-hydric alcohols, e.g. with methanol, ethanol,
n-octanol, i-octanol, octadecanol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,9-nonanediol,
ethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, neopentyl glycol, thiodiethylene
glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, pentaerythritol,
tris(hydroxyethyl)isocyanurate, N,N'-bis-(hydroxyethyl)oxamide,
3-thiaundecanol, 3-thiapentadecanol, trimethylhexanediol,
trimethylolpropane,
4-hydroxymethyl-1-phospha-2,6,7-trioxabicyclo[2.2.2]octane;
3,9-bis[2-{3-(3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)propionyloxy}-1,1-dim-
ethylethyl]-2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspiro[5.5]-undecane.
[0162] 1.15. Esters of
.beta.-(3,5-dicyclohexyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid with mono-
or polyhydric alcohols, e.g. with methanol, ethanol, octanol,
octadecanol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,9-nonanediol, ethylene glycol,
1,2-propanediol, neopentyl glycol, thiodiethylene glycol,
diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, pentaerythritol,
tris(hydroxyethyl)isocyanurate, N,N'-bis(hydroxyethyl)oxamide,
3-thiaundecanol, 3-thiapentadecanol, trimethylhexanediol,
trimethylolpropane,
4-hydroxymethyl-1-phospha-2,6,7-trioxabicyclo[2.2.2]octane.
[0163] 1.16. Esters of 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl acetic
acid with mono- or polyhydric alcohols, e.g. with methanol,
ethanol, octanol, octadecanol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,9-nonanediol,
ethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, neopentyl glycol, thiodiethylene
glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, pentaerythritol,
tris(hydroxyethyl)isocyanurate, N,N'-bis(hydroxyethyl)oxamide,
3-thiaundecanol, 3-thiapentadecanol, trimethylhexanediol,
trimethylolpropane,
4-hydroxymethyl-1-phospha-2,6,7-trioxabicyclo[2.2.2]octane.
[0164] 1.17. Amides of
.beta.-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid e.g.
N,N'-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl)hexamethyle-
nediamide,
N,N'-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-phenylpropionyl)trimethyle-
nediamide,
N,N'-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl)hydrazide,
N,N'-bis[2-(3-[3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl]propionyloxy)ethyl]oxami-
de (Naugard.RTM. XL-1, supplied by Uniroyal).
[0165] 1.18. Ascorbic acid (vitamin C)
[0166] 1.19. Aminic antioxidants, for example
N,N'-di-isopropyl-p-phenylenediamine,
N,N'-di-sec-butyl-p-phenylenediamine,
N,N'-bis(1,4-dimethylpentyl)-p-phenylenediamine,
N,N'-bis(1-ethyl-3-methylpentyl)-p-phenylenediamine,
N,N'-bis(1-methylheptyl)-p-phenylenediamine,
N,N'-dicyclohexyl-p-phenylenediamine,
N,N'-diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine,
N,N'-bis(2-naphthyl)-p-phenylenediamine,
N-isopropyl-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine,
N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine,
N-(1-methylheptyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine,
N-cyclohexyl-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine,
4-(p-toluenesulfamoyl)diphenylamine,
N,N'-dimethyl-N,N'-di-sec-butyl-p-phenylenediamine, diphenylamine,
N-allyldiphenylamine, 4-isopropoxydiphenylamine,
N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine, N-(4-tert-octylphenyl)-1-naphthylamine,
N-phenyl-2-naphthylamine, octylated diphenylamine, for example
p,p'-di-tert-octyldiphenylamine, 4-n-butyl-aminophenol,
4-butyrylaminophenol, 4-nonanoylaminophenol,
4-dodecanoylaminophenol, 4-octadecanoylaminophenol,
bis(4-methoxyphenyl)amine,
2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-dimethylaminomethylphenol,
2,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane, 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane,
N,N,N',N'-tetra-methyl-4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane,
1,2-bis[(2-methylphenyl)amino]ethane, 1,2-bis(phenyl-amino)propane,
(o-tolyl)biguanide, bis[4-(1',3'-dimethylbutyl)phenyl]amine,
tert-octylated N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine, a mixture of mono- and
dialkylated tert-butyl/tert-octyldiphenylamines, a mixture of mono-
and dialkylated nonyldiphenylamines, a mixture of mono- and
dialkylated dodecyldiphenylamines, a mixture of mono- and
dialkylated isopropyl/isohexyl-diphenylamines, a mixture of mono-
and dialkylated tert-butyldiphenylamines,
2,3-dihydro-3,3-dimethyl-4H-1,4-benzothiazine, phenothiazine, a
mixture of mono- and dialkylated
tert-butyl/tert-octylphenothiazines, a mixture of mono- and
dialkylated tert-octyl-phenothiazines, N-allylphenothiazine,
N,N,N',N'-tetraphenyl-1,4-diaminobut-2-ene.
[0167] 2. UV absorbers and light stabilizers
[0168] 2.1. 2-(2'-Hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazoles, for example
2-(2'-hydroxy-5'-methylphenyl)-benzotriazole,
2-(3',5'-di-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole,
2-(5'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole,
2-(2'-hydroxy-5'-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)phenyl)benzotriazole,
2-(3',5'-di-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxyphenyl)-5-chloro-benzotriazole,
2-(3'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-methylphenyl)-5-chloro-benzotriazole,
2-(3'-sec-butyl-5'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole,
2-(2'-hydroxy-4'-octyloxyphenyl)benzotriazole,
2-(3',5'-di-tert-amyl-2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole,
2-(3',5'-bis-(.alpha.,.alpha.-dimethylbenzyl)-2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriaz-
ole,
2-(3'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-(2-octyloxycarbonylethyl)phenyl)-5-chl-
oro-benzotriazole,
2-(3'-tert-butyl-5'-[2-(2-ethylhexyl-oxy)-carbonylethyl]-2'-hydroxyphenyl-
)-5-chloro-benzotriazole,
2-(3'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-(2-methoxycarbonylethyl)phenyl)-5-chloro-b-
enzotriazole,
2-(3'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-(2-methoxycarbonylethyl)phenyl)benzotriazo-
le,
2-(3'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-(2-octyloxycarbonylethyl)phenyl)benzotr-
iazole,
2-(3'-tert-butyl-5'-[2-(2-ethylhexyloxy)carbonylethyl]-2'-hydroxyp-
henyl)benzotriazole,
2-(3'-dodecyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-methylphenyl)benzotriazole,
2-(3'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-(2-isooctyloxycarbonylethyl)phenylbenzotri-
azole,
2,2'-methylene-bis[4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)-6-benzotriazole-2-y-
lphenol]; the transesterification product of
2-[3'-tert-butyl-5'-(2-methoxycarbonylethyl)-2'-hydroxyphenyl]-2H-benzotr-
iazole with polyethylene glycol 300;
##STR00032##
where R=3'-tert-butyl-4'-hydroxy-5'-2H-benzotriazol-2-ylphenyl,
2-[2'-hydroxy-3'-(.alpha.,.alpha.-dimethylbenzyl)-5'-(1,1,3,3-tetramethyl-
butyl)-phenyl]-benzotriazole;
2-[2'-hydroxy-3'-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)-5'-(.alpha.,.alpha.-dimethylb-
enzyl)-phenyl]benzotriazole.
[0169] 2.2. 2-Hydroxybenzophenones, for example the 4-hydroxy,
4-methoxy, 4-octyloxy, 4-decyloxy, 4-dodecyloxy, 4-benzyloxy,
4,2',4'-trihydroxy and 2'-hydroxy-4,4'-dimethoxy derivatives.
[0170] 2.3. Esters of substituted and unsubstituted benzoic acids,
for example 4-tert-butyl-phenyl salicylate, phenyl salicylate,
octylphenyl salicylate, dibenzoyl resorcinol,
bis(4-tert-butylbenzoyl)resorcinol, benzoyl resorcinol,
2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate,
hexadecyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate, octadecyl
3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate,
2-methyl-4,6-di-tert-butylphenyl
3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate.
[0171] 2.4. Acrylates, for example ethyl
.alpha.-cyano-.beta.,.beta.-diphenylacrylate, isooctyl
.alpha.-cyano-.beta.,.beta.-diphenylacrylate, methyl
.alpha.-carbomethoxycinnamate, methyl
.alpha.-cyano-.beta.-methyl-p-methoxycinnamate, butyl
.alpha.-cyano-.beta.-methyl-p-methoxy-cinnamate, methyl
.alpha.-carbomethoxy-p-methoxycinnamate,
N-(.beta.-carbomethoxy-.beta.-cyanovinyl)-2-methylindoline,
neopentyl tetra(.alpha.-cyano-.beta.,.beta.-diphenylacrylate.
[0172] 2.5. Nickel compounds, for example nickel complexes of
2,2'-thio-bis[4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)phenol], such as the 1:1
or 1:2 complex, with or without additional ligands such as
n-butylamine, triethanolamine or N-cyclohexyldiethanolamine, nickel
dibutyldithiocarbamate, nickel salts of the monoalkyl esters, e.g.
the methyl or ethyl ester, of
4-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-butylbenzylphosphonic acid, nickel complexes
of ketoximes, e.g. of 2-hydroxy-4-methylphenylundecylketoxime,
nickel complexes of 1-phenyl-4-lauroyl-5-hydroxypyrazole, with or
without additional ligands.
[0173] 2.6. Sterically hindered amines, for example carbonic acid
bis(1-undecyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)ester,
bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)sebacate,
bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)succinate,
bis(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl)sebacate,
bis(1-octyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)sebacate,
bis(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl)
n-butyl-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylmalonate, the condensate
of 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-hydroxypiperidine and
succinic acid, linear or cyclic condensates of
N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)hexamethylenediamine and
4-tert-octylamino-2,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine,
tris(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)nitrilotriacetate,
tetrakis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)-1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylate,
1,1'-(1,2-ethanediyl)-bis(3,3,5,5-tetramethylpiperazinone),
4-benzoyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine,
4-stearyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine,
bis(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidyl)-2-n-butyl-2-(2-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-bu-
tylbenzyl)-malonate,
3-n-octyl-7,7,9,9-tetramethyl-1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decane-2,4-dione,
bis(1-octyl-oxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidyl)sebacate,
bis(1-octyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidyl)succinate, linear or
cyclic condensates of
N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)hexamethylene-diamine and
4-morpholino-2,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine, the condensate of
2-chloro-4,6-bis(4-n-butylamino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidyl)-1,3,5-triaz-
ine and 1,2-bis(3-aminopropylamino)ethane, the condensate of
2-chloro-4,6-di-(4-n-butylamino-1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidyl)-1,3,5-tri-
azine and 1,2-bis(3-aminopropylamino)ethane,
8-acetyl-3-dodecyl-7,7,9,9-tetramethyl-1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decane-2,4-d-
ione,
3-dodecyl-1-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)pyrrolidine-2,5-dione,
3-dodecyl-1-(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl)pyrrolidine-2,5-dione,
a mixture of 4-hexadecyloxy- and
4-stearyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine, a condensate of
N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)hexamethylenediamine and
4-cyclohexylamino-2,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine, a condensate of
1,2-bis(3-aminopropylamino)ethane and
2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine as well as
4-butylamino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine (CAS Reg. No.
[136504-96-6]); a condensate of 1,6-hexanediamine and
2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine as well as N,N-dibutylamine and
4-butylamino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine (CAS Reg. No.
[192268-64-7]);
N-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)-n-dodecylsuccinimide,
N-(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl)-n-dodecylsuccinimide,
2-undecyl-7,7,9,9-tetramethyl-1-oxa-3,8-diaza-4-oxo-spiro-[4,5]decane,
a reaction product of
7,7,9,9-tetramethyl-2-cycloundecyl-1-oxa-3,8-diaza-4-oxo-spiro-[4,5]decan-
e and epichlorohydrin,
1,1-bis(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyloxycarbonyl)-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-
ethene,
N,N'-bis-formyl-N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)hexamethy-
lenediamine, a diester of 4-methoxymethylenemalonic acid with
1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-hydroxypiperidine,
poly[methylpropyl-3-oxy-4-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)]siloxane,
a reaction product of maleic acid anhydride-.alpha.-olefin
copolymer with 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-aminopiperidine or
1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-aminopiperidine,
2,4-bis[N-(1-cyclohexyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-4-yl)-N-butylami-
no]-6-(2-hydroxyethyl)amino-1,3,5-triazine,
1-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropoxy)-4-octadecanoyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperi-
dine, 5-(2-ethylhexanoyl)oxymethyl-3,3,5-trimethyl-2-morpholinone,
Sanduvor (Clariant; CAS Reg. No. 106917-31-1],
5-(2-ethylhexanoyl)oxymethyl-3,3,5-trimethyl-2-morpholinone, the
reaction product of
2,4-bis[(1-cyclohexyloxy-2,2,6,6-piperidine-4-yl)butylamino]-6-chloro-s-t-
riazine with N,N'-bis(3-aminopropyl)ethylenediamine),
1,3,5-tris(N-cyclohexyl-N-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperazine-3-one-4-yl)amino-
)-s-triazine,
1,3,5-tris(N-cyclohexyl-N-(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperazine-3-one-4-yl)-am-
ino)-s-triazine.
[0174] 2.7. Oxamides, for example 4,4'-dioctyloxyoxanilide,
2,2'-diethoxyoxanilide, 2,2'-dioctyloxy-5,5'-di-tert-butoxanilide,
2,2'-didodecyloxy-5,5'-di-tert-butoxanilide,
2-ethoxy-2'-ethyloxanilide, N,N'-bis(3-dimethylaminopropyl)oxamide,
2-ethoxy-5-tert-butyl-2'-ethoxanilide and its mixture with
2-ethoxy-2'-ethyl-5,4'-di-tert-butoxanilide, mixtures of o- and
p-methoxy-disubstituted oxanilides and mixtures of o- and
p-ethoxy-disubstituted oxanilides.
[0175] 2.8. 2-(2-Hydroxyphenyl)-1,3,5-triazines, for example
2,4,6-tris(2-hydroxy-4-octyloxyphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine,
2-(2-hydroxy-4-octyloxyphenyl)-4,6-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine-
,
2-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-4,6-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine,
2,4-bis(2-hydroxy-4-propyl-oxyphenyl)-6-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazi-
ne,
2-(2-hydroxy-4-octyloxyphenyl)-4,6-bis(4-methylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine,
2-(2-hydroxy-4-dodecyloxyphenyl)-4,6-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazi-
ne,
2-(2-hydroxy-4-tridecyloxyphenyl)-4,6-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-1,3,5-tr-
iazine,
2-[2-hydroxy-4-(2-hydroxy-3-butyloxypropoxy)phenyl]-4,6-bis(2,4-di-
methyl)-1,3,5-triazine,
2-[2-hydroxy-4-(2-hydroxy-3-octyloxypropyloxy)phenyl]-4,6-bis(2,4-dimethy-
l)-1,3,5-triazine,
2-[4-(dodecyloxy/tridecyloxy-2-hydroxypropoxy)-2-hydroxyphenyl]-4,6-bis(2-
,4-dimethylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine,
2-[2-hydroxy-4-(2-hydroxy-3-dodecyloxypropoxy)phenyl]-4,6-bis(2,4-dimethy-
l-phenyl)-1,3,5-triazine,
2-(2-hydroxy-4-hexyloxy)phenyl-4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazine,
2-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazine,
2,4,6-tris[2-hydroxy-4-(3-butoxy-2-hydroxypropoxy)phenyl]-1,3,5-triazine,
2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-6-phenyl-1,3,5-triazine,
2-{2-hydroxy-4-[3-(2-ethylhexyl-1-oxy)-2-hydroxypropyloxy]phenyl}-4,6-bis-
(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine,
2,4-bis(4-[2-ethylhexyloxy]-2-hydroxyphenyl)-6-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,3,5-tr-
iazine.
[0176] 3. Metal deactivators, for example N,N'-diphenyloxamide,
N-salicylal-N'-salicyloyl hydrazine, N,N'-bis(salicyloyl)hydrazine,
N,N'-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl)hydrazine,
3-salicyloylamino-1,2,4-triazole, bis(benzylidene)oxalyl
dihydrazide, oxanilide, isophthaloyl dihydrazide, sebacoyl
bisphenylhydrazide, N,N'-diacetyladipoyl dihydrazide,
N,N'-bis(salicyloyl)oxalyl dihydrazide,
N,N'-bis(salicyloyl)thiopropionyl dihydrazide.
[0177] 4. Phosphites and phosphonites, for example triphenyl
phosphite, diphenylalkyl phosphites, phenyldialkyl phosphites,
tris(nonylphenyl)phosphite, trilauryl phosphite, trioctadecyl
phosphite, distearylpentaerythritol diphosphite,
tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)phosphite, diisodecyl pentaerythritol
diphosphite, bis(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)pentaerythritol
diphosphite, bis(2,4-di-cumylphenyl)pentaerythritol diphosphite,
bis(2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenyl)pentaerythritol diphosphite,
diisodecyloxypentaerythritol diphosphite,
bis(2,4-di-tert-butyl-6-methylphenyl)pentaerythritol diphosphite,
bis(2,4,6-tris(tert-butylphenyl)pentaerythritol diphosphite,
tristearyl sorbitol triphosphite, tetrakis(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)
4,4'-biphenylene diphosphonite,
6-isooctyloxy-2,4,8,10-tetra-tert-butyl-12H-dibenz[d,g]-1,3,2-dioxaphosph-
ocin, bis(2,4-di-tert-butyl-6-methylphenyl)methyl phosphite,
bis(2,4-di-tert-butyl-6-methylphenyl)ethyl phosphite,
6-fluoro-2,4,8,10-tetra-tert-butyl-12-methyl-dibenz[d,g]-1,3,2-dioxaphosp-
hocin,
2,2',2''-nitrilo-[triethyltris(3,3',5,5'-tetra-tert-butyl-1,1'-biph-
enyl-2,2'-diyl)phosphite],
2-ethylhexyl(3,3',5,5'-tetra-tert-butyl-1,1'-biphenyl-2,2'-diyl)phosphite-
,
5-butyl-5-ethyl-2-(2,4,6-tri-tert-butylphenoxy)-1,3,2-dioxaphosphirane.
[0178] The following phosphites are especially preferred:
[0179] Tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)phosphite (Irgafos.RTM. 168,
Ciba Specialty Chemicals Inc.), tris(nonylphenyl)phosphite,
##STR00033##
[0180] 5. Hydroxylamines, for example N,N-dibenzylhydroxylamine,
N,N-diethylhydroxylamine, N,N-dioctylhydroxylamine,
N,N-dilaurylhydroxylamine, N,N-ditetradecylhydroxylamine,
N,N-dihexadecylhydroxylamine, N,N-dioctadecylhydroxylamine,
N-hexadecyl-N-octadecylhydroxylamine,
N-heptadecyl-N-octadecylhydroxylamine, N,N-dialkylhydroxylamine
derived from hydrogenated tallow amine.
[0181] 6. Nitrones, for example, N-benzyl-alpha-phenylnitrone,
N-ethyl-alpha-methylnitrone, N-octyl-alpha-heptylnitrone,
N-lauryl-alpha-undecylnitrone, N-tetradecyl-alpha-tridecylnnitrone,
N-hexadecyl-alpha-pentadecylnitrone,
N-octadecyl-alpha-heptadecylnitrone,
N-hexadecyl-alpha-heptadecylnitrone,
N-ocatadecyl-alpha-pentadecylnitrone,
N-heptadecyl-alpha-hepta-decylnitrone,
N-octadecyl-alpha-hexadecylnitrone, nitrone derived from
N,N-dialkylhydroxyl-amine derived from hydrogenated tallow
amine.
[0182] 7. Thiosynergists, for example dilauryl thiodipropionate,
dimistryl thiodipropionate, distearyl thiodipropionate or distearyl
disulfide.
[0183] 8. Peroxide scavengers, for example esters of
.beta.-thiodipropionic acid, for example the lauryl, stearyl,
myristyl or tridecyl esters, mercaptobenzimidazole or the zinc salt
of 2-mercapto-benzimidazole, zinc dibutyldithiocarbamate,
dioctadecyl disulfide, pentaerythritol
tetrakis(.beta.-dodecylmercapto)propionate.
[0184] 9. Polyamide stabilizers, for example copper salts in
combination with iodides and/or phosphorus compounds and salts of
divalent manganese.
[0185] 10. Basic co-stabilizers, for example melamine,
polyvinylpyrrolidone, dicyandiamide, triallyl cyanurate, urea
derivatives, hydrazine derivatives, amines, polyamides,
polyurethanes, alkali metal salts and alkaline earth metal salts of
higher fatty acids, for example calcium stearate, zinc stearate,
magnesium behenate, magnesium stearate, sodium ricinoleate and
potassium palmitate, antimony pyrocatecholate or zinc
pyrocatecholate.
[0186] 11. Nucleating agents, for example inorganic substances,
such as talcum, metal oxides, such as titanium dioxide or magnesium
oxide, phosphates, carbonates or sulfates of, preferably, alkaline
earth metals; organic compounds, such as mono- or polycarboxylic
acids and the salts thereof, e.g. 4-tert-butylbenzoic acid, adipic
acid, diphenylacetic acid, sodium succinate or sodium benzoate;
polymeric compounds, such as ionic copolymers (ionomers).
Especially preferred are
1,3:2,4-bis(3',4'-dimethylbenzylidene)sorbitol,
1,3:2,4-di(paramethyl-dibenzylidene)sorbitol, and
1,3:2,4-di(benzylidene)sorbitol.
[0187] 12. Fillers and reinforcing agents, for example calcium
carbonate, silicates, glass fibres, glass beads, asbestos, talc,
kaolin, mica, barium sulfate, metal oxides and hydroxides, carbon
black, graphite, wood flour and flours or fibers of other natural
products, synthetic fibers.
[0188] 13. Other additives, for example plasticisers, lubricants,
emulsifiers, pigments, rheology additives, catalysts, flow-control
agents, optical brighteners, flameproofing agents, antistatic
agents and blowing agents.
[0189] 14. Benzofuranones and indolinones, for example those
disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,325,863; U.S. Pat. No. 4,338,244; U.S.
Pat. No. 5,175,312; U.S. Pat. No. 5,216,052; U.S. Pat. No.
5,252,643; DE-A-4316611; DE-A-4316622; DE-A-4316876; EP-A-0589839,
EP-A-0591102; EP-A-1291384 or
3-[4-(2-acetoxyethoxy)phenyl]-5,7-di-tert-butylbenzofuran-2-one,
5,7-di-tert-butyl-3-[4-(2-stearoyloxy-ethoxy)phenyl]benzofuran-2-one,
3,3'-bis[5,7-di-tert-butyl-3-(4-[2-hydroxyethoxy]phenyl)benzofuran-2-one]-
, 5,7-di-tert-butyl-3-(4-ethoxyphenyl)benzofuran-2-one,
3-(4-acetoxy-3,5-di-methylphenyl)-5,7-di-tert-butylbenzofuran-2-one,
3-(3,5-dimethyl-4-pivaloyloxyphenyl)-5,7-di-tert-butylbenzofuran-2-one,
3-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)-5,7-di-tert-butylbenzofuran-2-one,
3-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)-5,7-di-tert-butylbenzofuran-2-one,
3-(2-acetyl-5-isooctylphenyl)-5-isooctyl-benzofuran-2-one.
[0190] The conventional additive as listed above is optionally
present in the multifilament, the monofilament, the non-woven or
the tape in an amount of for example 0.001 to 10%, preferably 0.01
to 5%, relative to the weight of component (A).
[0191] Component (B) is present in the multifilament, the
monofilament, the non-woven or the tape in an amount of for example
0.025 to 1.5%, preferably 0.05 to 1%, relative to the weight of
component (A).
[0192] Component (C) is present in the multifilament, the
monofilament, the non-woven or the tape in an amount of for example
0.025 to 1.5%, preferably 0.05 to 1%, relative to the weight of
component (A).
[0193] Component (D) is present in the multifilament, the
monofilament, the non-woven or the tape in an amount of for example
0 to 3%, preferably 0 to 2% , relative to the weight of component
(A).
[0194] Component (E) is present in the multifilament, the
monofilament, the non-woven or the tape in an amount of for example
0 to 0.5%, preferably 0 to 0.3%, relative to the weight of
component (A).
[0195] A further embodiment of the present invention relates to an
article comprising a multifilament, a monofilament, a non-woven or
a tape as defined above and being selected from the group
consisting of a carpet, for example a sport surface or an
artificial turf; a roofing membrane, a geotextile, an automotive
polyolefin structure, for example a kick panel, a back sheet or a
trunk liner; and a shade cloth.
[0196] An interior pigmented automotive polyolefin structure is of
particular interest.
[0197] A green artificial turf is also particularly preferred.
[0198] An artificial turf comprising a multifilament, a
monofilament, a non-woven or a tape and containing a yellow pigment
may also be of interest.
[0199] An artificial turf comprising a multifilament, a
monofilament, a non-woven or a tape as defined above, wherein
component D is
[0200] a pigment formulation containing C.I. Pigment Green 7 and
C.I. Pigment Yellow 110; or
[0201] a pigment formulation containing C.I. Pigment Green 7 and
C.I. Pigment Yellow 128; or
[0202] a pigment formulation containing C.I. Pigment Green 7 and
C.I. Pigment Yellow 199; or
[0203] a pigment formulation containing C.I. Pigment Green 7 and
C.I. Pigment Yellow 34; or
[0204] a pigment formulation containing C.I. Pigment Green 7 and
C.I. Pigment Yellow 119; or
[0205] a pigment formulation containing C.I. Pigment Green 7 and
C.I. Pigment Yellow 150; is of further interest.
[0206] An artificial turf comprising a multifilament, a
monofilament, a non-woven or a tape as defined above, containing
additionally a shading component selected from the group consisting
of C.I. Pigment Black 7, C.I. Pigment White 6, C.I. Pigment Red 101
and C.I. Pigment Blue 15:3; is of further interest.
[0207] According to another preferred embodiment of the present
invention the article containing a multifilament, a monofilament, a
non-woven or a tape as defined above is in contact with a latex or
a rubber.
[0208] Examples of said latex or rupper are styrene butadiene
rubber (SBR), coated SBR, ethylene propylene diene elastomer (EPDM)
new or recycled and thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) new or
recycled.
[0209] The example below illustrates the invention in greater
detail. All percentages and parts are by weight, unless stated
otherwise.
[0210] Light stabilizers used in the following examples:
##STR00034##
[0211] with b.sub.1 being 2 to 20.
##STR00035##
EXAMPLE 1
[0212] Polypropylene (Moplen HP 451N.RTM.; Basell), the light
stabilizers indicated in Table 1, and a pigment (0.07% by weight,
relative to the weight of the polypropylene, of CROMOPHTAL Blue
4GNP.RTM. and 0.035% by weight, relative to the weight of the
polypropylene, of CROMOPHTAL Yellow 3GNP.RTM.) are mixed in a high
speed mixer at room temperature. The mixture obtained is compounded
at 230.degree. C. in a twin screw extruder. Spinning at 240.degree.
C. gives fibers of 5 Denier per filament and a draw ratio of
1:3.2.
[0213] The filaments obtained are exposed in a Xenon arc light
Weather-Ometer (0.35 W/m.sup.2 at 340 nm, black panel temperature:
63.degree. C., dry conditions).
[0214] The exposure time corresponding to 50% retained tenacity
(loss of mechanical properties) is a measure for the efficiency of
the light stabilizers. The results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 hours until 50% Light stabilizer(s) retained
tenacity None 300 0.5% of Compound (B-1-a-1) 1700 0.5% of Compound
(C-1-b-1) 1700 0.25% of Compound (B-1-a-1) plus 2150 0.25% of
Compound (C-1-b-1)
EXAMPLE 2
[0215] Polypropylene (Moplen HP 551M.RTM.; Basell), the light
stabilizers indicated in Table 2, and TiO.sub.2 (0.25% by weight,
relative to the weight of the polypropylene) are mixed in a high
speed mixer at room temperature. The mixture obtained is compounded
at 230.degree. C. in a twin screw extruder. Spinning at 240.degree.
C. gives a 180 Denier yarn of 4.5 Denier per filament with a draw
ratio of 1:3.2.
[0216] The yarns obtained are exposed in a Xenon arc light
Weather-Ometer (0.35 W/m.sup.2 at 340 nm, black panel temperature:
63.degree. C., dry conditions).
[0217] The exposure time corresponding to 50% retained tenacity
(loss of mechanical properties) is a measure for the efficiency of
the light stabilizers. The results are shown in Table 2.
TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 hours until 50% Light stabilizer(s) retained
tenacity None 600 0.3% of Compound (C-1-b-1) 2500 0.3% of Compound
(B-1-a-1) 1550 0.15% of Compound (C-1-b-1) plus 2800 0.15% of
Compound (B-1-a-1)
EXAMPLE 3
[0218] Polypropylene (Moplen HP 551M.RTM.; Basell), the light
stabilizers indicated in Table 3 and Ciba.RTM.CROMOPHTAL.RTM.Red
BNFP.RTM. pigment (0.15% by weight, relative to the weight of the
polypropylene) are mixed in a high speed mixer at room temperature.
The mixture obtained is compounded at 230.degree. C. in a twin
screw extruder. Spinning at 240.degree. C. gives a 180 Denier yarn
of 4.5 Denier per filament with a draw ratio of 1:3.2.
[0219] The yarns obtained are exposed in a Xenon arc light
Weather-Ometer (0.35 W/m.sup.2 at 340 nm, black panel temperature:
63.degree. C., dry conditions).
[0220] The exposure time corresponding to 50% retained tenacity
(loss of mechanical properties) is a measure for the efficiency of
the light stabilizers. The results are shown in Table 3.
TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 hours until 50% Light stabilizer(s) retained
tenacity None 300 0.3% of Compound (C-2-a-1) 850 0.3% of Compound
(B-1-a-1) 550 0.15% of Compound (C-2-a-1) plus 950 0.15% of
Compound (B-1-a-1)
EXAMPLE 4
[0221] Polypropylene (Moplen HP 551M.RTM.; Basell), the light
stabilizers indicated in Table 4 Ciba.RTM.CROMOPHTAL.RTM.Red
BNFP.RTM. pigment (0.15% by weight, relative to the weight of the
polypropylene) are mixed in a high speed mixer at room temperature.
The mixture obtained is compounded at 230.degree. C. in a twin
screw extruder. Spinning at 240.degree. C. gives a 180 Denier yarn
of 4.5 Denier per filament with a draw ratio of 1:3.2.
[0222] The yarns obtained are exposed in a Xenon arc light
Weather-Ometer (0.35 W/m.sup.2 at 340 nm, black panel temperature:
63.degree. C., dry conditions).
[0223] The exposure time corresponding to 50% retained tenacity
(loss of mechanical properties) is a measure for the efficiency of
the light stabilizers. The results are shown in Table 4.
TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 hours until 50% Light stabilizer(s) retained
tenacity None 300 0.6% of Compound (C-1-b-1) 1300 0.6% of Compound
(B-1-a-1) 1150 0.3% of Compound (C-1-b-1) plus 1700 0.3% of
Compound (B-1-a-1)
EXAMPLE 5
[0224] Polypropylene (Moplen HP 551M.RTM.; Basell), the light
stabilizers indicated in Table 5 and Ciba.RTM.CROMOPHTAL.RTM.Red
BNFP.RTM. pigment (0.15% by weight, relative to the weight of the
polypropylene) are mixed in a high speed mixer at room temperature.
The mixture obtained is compounded at 230.degree. C. in a twin
screw extruder. Spinning at 240.degree. C. gives a 180 Denier yarn
of 4.5 Denier per filament with a draw ratio of 1:3.2.
[0225] The yarns obtained are exposed in a Xenon arc light
Weather-Ometer (0.45 W/m.sup.2 at 340 nm, black standard
temperature: 100.degree. C., dry conditions).
[0226] The exposure time corresponding to 50% retained tenacity
(loss of mechanical properties) at increased temperature is a
measure for the efficiency of the light stabilizers in hot light
environment. The results are shown in Table 5.
TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 5 hours until 50% Light stabilizer(s) retained
tenacity None 150 0.6% of Compound (C-1-b-1) 600 0.6% of Compound
(B-1-a-1) 475 0.3% of Compound (C-1-b-1) plus 600 0.3% of Compound
(B-1-a-1)
EXAMPLE 6
[0227] Polypropylene (Moplen HP 551M.RTM.; Basell), the light
stabilizers indicated in Table 6, and TiO.sub.2 (0.25% by weight,
relative to the weight of the polypropylene) are mixed in a high
speed mixer at room temperature. The mixture obtained is compounded
at 230.degree. C. in a twin screw extruder. Spinning at 240.degree.
C. gives a 400 Denier yarn of 10 Denier per filament with a draw
ratio of 1:3.2.
[0228] The yarns obtained are exposed in a Xenon arc light
Weather-Ometer (0.45 W/m.sup.2 at 340 nm, black standard
temperature: 100.degree. C., dry conditions).
[0229] The exposure time corresponding to 50% retained tenacity
(loss of mechanical properties) at increased temperature is a
measure for the efficiency of the light stabilizers in hot light
environment. The results are shown in Tables 6a and 6b.
TABLE-US-00006 TABLE 6a hours until 50% Light stabilizer(s)
retained tenacity None <380 0.3% of Compound (C-1-b-1) 1050 0.3%
of Compound (B-1-a-1) 700 0.15% of Compound (C-1-b-1) plus 1100
0.15% of Compound (B-1-a-1)
TABLE-US-00007 TABLE 6b hours until 50% Light stabilizer(s)
retained tenacity None <380 0.15% of Compound (C-1-b-1) plus 880
0.15% of Compound (B-1-a-2) 0.15% of Compound (C-1-b-1) plus 1050
0.15% of Compound (B-1-b-1) 0.15% of Compound (C-1-b-1) plus 1100
0.15% of Compound (B-1-a-3)
EXAMPLE 7
[0230] Polypropylene (Moplen HP 551M.RTM.; Basell), the light
stabilizers indicated in Table 7, and TiO.sub.2 (0.25% by weight,
relative to the weight of the polypropylene) are mixed in a high
speed mixer at room temperature. The mixture obtained is compounded
at 230.degree. C. in a twin screw extruder. Spinning at 240.degree.
C. gives a 400 Denier yarn of 10 Denier per filament with a draw
ratio of 1:3.2.
[0231] The yarns obtained are treated with X SBR Latex and annealed
at 120.degree. C. for 20 min. Afterwards they are exposed in a
Xenon arc light Weather-Ometer (0.35 W/m.sup.2 at 340 nm, black
panel temperature: 63.degree. C., dry conditions).
[0232] The exposure time corresponding to 50% retained tenacity
(loss of mechanical properties) is a measure for the efficiency of
the light stabilizers in yarns with contact to a latex binder. The
results are shown in Table 7.
TABLE-US-00008 TABLE 7 hours until 50% Light stabilizer(s) retained
tenacity None <150 0.3% of Compound (C-1-b-1) 620 0.3% of
Compound (B-1-a-1) 580 0.15% of Compound (C-1-b-1) plus 700 0.15%
of Compound (B-1-a-1)
EXAMPLE 8
[0233] Polyethylene (Dowlex SC 2108.RTM.; DOW) and the light
stabilizers indicated in Table 8 are mixed in a high speed mixer at
room temperature. The mixture obtained is compounded at 200.degree.
C. in a twin screw extruder. Cast fim extrusion at 190.degree. C.,
slitting and drawing gives tape filaments with 3600 Denier
[0234] The filaments obtained are treated with SBR rubber for 100 h
at 70.degree. C. and afterwards exposed in a fluorescence
weathering device (0.77 W/m.sup.2 at 340 nm, periodically 8 h at
60.degree. C., 4 h condensation phase at 50.degree. C.). SBR rubber
treatment is repeated every 250 h for 24 h.
[0235] The exposure time corresponding to time to surface cracking
(change of optical properties) is a measure for the efficiency of
the light stabilizers. The results are shown in Table 8.
TABLE-US-00009 TABLE 8 Light stabilizer(s) hours to surface
cracking None 500 0.6% of Compound (C-1-b-1) 3000 0.6% of Compound
(B-1-a-1) 3350 0.3% of Compound (C-1-b-1) plus 3350 0.3% of
Compound (B-1-a-1)
EXAMPLE 9
[0236] Polyethylene (Dowlex SC 2108.RTM.; DOW) and the light
stabilizers indicated in Table 9 are mixed in a high speed mixer at
room temperature. The mixture obtained is compounded at 200.degree.
C. in a twin screw extruder. Cast fim extrusion at 220.degree. C.,
slitting and drawing gives tape filaments with 900 Denier.
[0237] The filaments obtained are exposed in a fluorescence
weathering device (0.63 W/m.sup.2 at 313 nm, periodically 8 h at
60.degree. C., 4 h condensation phase at 50.degree. C.).
[0238] The exposure time corresponding to 50% retained tenacity
(loss of mechanical properties) is a measure for the efficiency of
the light stabilizers. The results are shown in Table 9.
TABLE-US-00010 TABLE 9 hours until 50% Light stabilizer(s) retained
tenacity None 250 0.6% of Compound (C-1-b-1) 1320 0.6% of Compound
(B-1-a-1) 1300 0.3% of Compound (C-1-b-1) plus 1400 0.3% of
Compound (B-1-a-1)
* * * * *