U.S. patent application number 12/444685 was filed with the patent office on 2010-02-04 for agricultural adjuvant compositions, pesticide compositions, and methods for using such compositions.
This patent application is currently assigned to RHODIA INC.. Invention is credited to Sahar Iskandar, Rajesh Pazhianur.
Application Number | 20100029483 12/444685 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 39468414 |
Filed Date | 2010-02-04 |
United States Patent
Application |
20100029483 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Iskandar; Sahar ; et
al. |
February 4, 2010 |
AGRICULTURAL ADJUVANT COMPOSITIONS, PESTICIDE COMPOSITIONS, AND
METHODS FOR USING SUCH COMPOSITIONS
Abstract
An adjuvant composition for use with a pesticide contains at
least one surfactant compound selected from each of at least two of
the following groups: (i) phosphate ester surfactants, (ii)
alkylpolyglucoside surfactants, (iii) the group of
imidazoline-based amphoteric surfactants, sultaine surfactants, and
aminopropionate surfactants, and (iv) the group consisting of
sulfonate surfactants, sulfosuccinate surfactants, alkyl ether
carboxylate surfactants, alkoxylated fatty acid surfactants, and
alkoxylated alcohol surfactants. A pesticide composition contains
the adjuvant composition and a pesticide is useful for treating
plants.
Inventors: |
Iskandar; Sahar; (Dayton,
NJ) ; Pazhianur; Rajesh; (Yardley, PA) |
Correspondence
Address: |
Novak Druce + Quigg, LLP
1300 Eye Street, NW, Suite 1000, Suite 1000, West Tower
Washington
DC
20005
US
|
Assignee: |
RHODIA INC.
Cranbury
NJ
|
Family ID: |
39468414 |
Appl. No.: |
12/444685 |
Filed: |
October 16, 2007 |
PCT Filed: |
October 16, 2007 |
PCT NO: |
PCT/US2007/022094 |
371 Date: |
May 14, 2009 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
60851947 |
Oct 16, 2006 |
|
|
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
504/206 ;
504/362; 514/777 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A01N 25/30 20130101;
A01N 25/30 20130101; A01N 57/20 20130101; A01N 25/30 20130101; A01N
2300/00 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
504/206 ;
504/362; 514/777 |
International
Class: |
A01N 25/02 20060101
A01N025/02; A01N 57/18 20060101 A01N057/18; A01P 13/00 20060101
A01P013/00 |
Claims
1. An adjuvant composition, comprising at least one surfactant
compound selected from each of at least two of the following
groups: (i) phosphate ester surfactants, (ii) alkylpolyglucoside
surfactants, (iii) the group consisting of imidazoline-based
amphoteric surfactants, sultaine surfactants, and aminopropionate
surfactants, and (iv) the group consisting of sulfonate
surfactants, sulfosuccinate surfactants, alkyl ether carboxylate
surfactants, alkoxylated fatty acid surfactants, and alkoxylated
alcohol surfactants.
2. The adjuvant composition of claim 1, wherein the adjuvant
composition comprises, based on 100 parts by weight of the adjuvant
composition, from about 0.1 to about 25 parts by weight, of at
least one surfactant compound selected from phosphate ester
surfactants, and from about 0.1 to about 25 parts by weight of at
least one surfactant compound selected from alkylpolyglucoside
surfactants.
3. The adjuvant composition of claim 1, wherein the adjuvant
composition comprises, based on 100 parts by weight of the adjuvant
composition, from about 0.1 to about 25 parts by weight of at least
one surfactant compound selected from phosphate ester surfactants
and from about 0.1 to about 25 parts by weight of at least one
surfactant compound selected from the group consisting of
imidazoline-based amphoteric surfactants, sultaine surfactants, and
aminopropionate surfactants.
4. The adjuvant composition of claim 1, wherein the adjuvant
composition comprises, based on 100 parts by weight of the adjuvant
composition, from about 0.1 to about 25 parts by weight of at least
one surfactant compound selected from phosphate ester surfactants
and from about 0.1 to about 25 parts by weight of at least one
surfactant compound selected from the group consisting of sulfonate
surfactants, sulfosuccinate surfactants, alkyl ether carboxylate
surfactants, alkoxylated fatty acid surfactants, and alkoxylated
alcohol surfactants.
5. The adjuvant composition of claim 1, wherein the adjuvant
composition comprises, based on 100 parts by weight of the adjuvant
composition, from about 0.1 to about 25 parts by weight of at least
one surfactant compound selected from alkylpolyglucoside
surfactants and from about 0.1 to about 25 parts by weight of at
least one surfactant compound selected from the group consisting of
imidazoline-based amphoteric surfactants, sultaine surfactants, and
aminopropionate surfactants.
6. The adjuvant composition of claim 1, wherein the adjuvant
composition comprises, based on 100 parts by weight of the adjuvant
composition, from about 0.1 to about 25 parts by weight of at least
one surfactant compound selected from alkylpolyglucoside
surfactants and from about 0.1 to about 25 parts by weight of at
least one surfactant compound selected from the group consisting of
sulfonate surfactants, sulfosuccinate surfactants, alkyl ether
carboxylate surfactants, alkoxylated fatty acid surfactants, and
alkoxylated alcohol surfactants.
7. The adjuvant composition of claim 1, wherein the adjuvant
composition comprises, based on 100 parts by weight of the adjuvant
composition, from about 0.1 to about 25 parts by weight of at least
one surfactant compound selected from the group consisting of
imidazoline-based amphoteric surfactants, sultaine surfactants, and
aminopropionate surfactants, and from about 0.1 to about 25 parts
by weight of at least one surfactant compound selected from the
group consisting of sulfonate surfactants, sulfosuccinate
surfactants, alkyl ether carboxylate surfactants, alkoxylated fatty
acid surfactants, and alkoxylated alcohol surfactants.
8. A pesticide composition, comprising (a) at least one surfactant
compound selected from each of at least two of the following
groups: (i) phosphate ester surfactants, (ii) alkylpolyglucoside
surfactants, (iii) the group consisting of imidazoline-based
amphoteric surfactants, sultaine surfactants, and aminopropionate
surfactants, and (iv) the group consisting of sulfonate
surfactants, sulfosuccinate surfactants, alkyl ether carboxylate
surfactants, alkoxylated fatty acid surfactants, and alkoxylated
alcohol surfactants, and (b) an effective amount of a
pesticide.
9. The pesticide composition of claim 8, wherein the pesticide is
selected from glufosinate, glyphosate, water soluble glufosinate
salts, water soluble glyphosate salts, and mixtures thereof.
10. The pesticide composition of claim 8, wherein component (a) of
the pesticide composition comprises, based on 100 parts by weight
of the pesticide composition, from about 0.001 to about 2 parts by
weight of at least one surfactant compound selected from phosphate
ester surfactants, and from about 0.001 to about 2 parts by weight
of at least one surfactant compound selected from
alkylpolyglucoside surfactants.
11. The pesticide composition of claim 8, wherein component (a) of
the pesticide composition comprises from about 0.001 to about 2
parts by weight of at least one surfactant compound selected from
phosphate ester surfactants and from about 0.001 to about 2 parts
by weight of at least one surfactant compound selected from the
group consisting of imidazoline-based amphoteric surfactants,
sultaine surfactants, and aminopropionate surfactants.
12. The pesticide composition of claim 8, wherein component (a) of
the pesticide composition comprises, based on 100 parts by weight
of the pesticide composition, from about 0.001 to about 2 parts by
weight of at least one surfactant compound selected from phosphate
ester surfactants and from about 0.001 to about 2 parts by weight
of at least one surfactant compound selected from the group
consisting of the group consisting of sulfonate surfactants,
sulfosuccinate surfactants, alkyl ether carboxylate surfactants,
alkoxylated fatty acid surfactants, and alkoxylated alcohol
surfactants
13. The pesticide composition of claim 8, wherein component (a) of
the pesticide composition comprises based on 100 parts by weight of
the pesticide composition, from about 0.001 to about 2 parts by
weight of at least one surfactant compound selected from
alkylpolyglucoside surfactants from about 0.001 to about 2 parts by
weight of at least one surfactant compound selected from the group
consisting of imidazoline-based amphoteric surfactants, sultaine
surfactants, and aminopropionate surfactants.
14. The pesticide composition of claim 8, wherein component (a) of
the pesticide composition comprises based on 100 parts by weight of
the pesticide composition, from about 0.001 to about 2 parts by
weight of at least one surfactant compound selected from
alkylpolyglucoside surfactants from about 0.001 to about 2 parts by
weight of at least one surfactant compound selected from the group
consisting of the group consisting of sulfonate surfactants,
sulfosuccinate surfactants, alkyl ether carboxylate surfactants,
alkoxylated fatty acid surfactants, and alkoxylated alcohol
surfactants.
15. The pesticide composition of claim 8, wherein component (a) of
the pesticide composition comprises based on 100 parts by weight of
the pesticide composition, from about 0.001 to about 2 parts by
weight of at least one surfactant compound selected from the group
consisting of imidazoline-based amphoteric surfactants, sultaine
surfactants, and aminopropionate surfactants, and from about 0.001
to about 2 parts by weight of at least one surfactant compound
selected from the group consisting of the group consisting of
sulfonate surfactants, sulfosuccinate surfactants, alkyl ether
carboxylate surfactants, alkoxylated fatty acid surfactants, and
alkoxylated alcohol surfactants.
16. A method for treating a target plant, comprising applying to
such plant. a pesticide composition, comprising (a) at least one
surfactant compound selected from each of at least two of the
following groups: (i) phosphate ester surfactants, (ii)
alkylpolyglucoside surfactants, (iii) the group consisting of
imidazoline-based amphoteric surfactants, sultaine surfactants, and
aminopropionate surfactants, and (iv) the group consisting of
sulfonate surfactants, sulfosuccinate surfactants, alkyl ether
carboxylate surfactants, alkoxylated fatty acid surfactants, and
alkoxylated alcohol surfactants, and (b) an effective amount of a
pesticide.
17. The method of claim 16, wherein component (a) of the pesticide
composition comprises, based on 100 parts by weight of the
pesticide composition, from about 0.001 to about 2 parts by weight
of at least one surfactant compound selected from phosphate ester
surfactants, and from about 0.001 to about 2 parts by weight of at
least one surfactant compound selected from alkylpolyglucoside
surfactants.
18. The method of claim 16, wherein component (a) of the pesticide
composition comprises from about 0.001 to about 2 parts by weight
of at least one surfactant compound selected from phosphate ester
surfactants and from about 0.001 to about 2 parts by weight of at
least one surfactant compound selected from the group consisting of
imidazoline-based amphoteric surfactants, sultaine surfactants, and
aminopropionate surfactants.
19. The pesticide composition of claim 16, wherein component (a) of
the pesticide composition comprises, based on 100 parts by weight
of the pesticide composition, from about 0.001 to about 2 parts by
weight of at least one surfactant compound selected from phosphate
ester surfactants and from about 0.001 to about 2 parts by weight
of at least one surfactant compound selected from the group
consisting of the group consisting of sulfonate surfactants,
sulfosuccinate surfactants, alkyl ether carboxylate surfactants,
alkoxylated fatty acid surfactants, and alkoxylated alcohol
surfactants
20. The method of claim 16, wherein component (a) of the pesticide
composition comprises based on 100 parts by weight of the pesticide
composition, from about 0.001 to about 2 parts by weight of at
least one surfactant compound selected from alkylpolyglucoside
surfactants from about 0.001 to about 2 parts by weight of at least
one surfactant compound selected from the group consisting of
imidazoline-based amphoteric surfactants, sultaine surfactants, and
aminopropionate surfactants.
21. The method of claim 16, wherein component (a) of the pesticide
composition comprises based on 100 parts by weight of the pesticide
composition, from about 0.001 to about 2 parts by weight of at
least one surfactant compound selected from alkylpolyglucoside
surfactants from about 0.001 to about 2 parts by weight of at least
one surfactant compound selected from the group consisting of the
group consisting of sulfonate surfactants, sulfosuccinate
surfactants, alkyl ether carboxylate surfactants, alkoxylated fatty
acid surfactants, and alkoxylated alcohol surfactants.
22. The method of claim 16, wherein component (a) of the pesticide
composition comprises based on 100 parts by weight of the pesticide
composition, from about 0.001 to about 2 parts by weight of at
least one surfactant compound selected from the group consisting of
imidazoline-based amphoteric surfactants, sultaine surfactants, and
aminopropionate surfactants, and from about 0.001 to about 2 parts
by weight of at least one surfactant compound selected from the
group consisting of the group consisting of sulfonate surfactants,
sulfosuccinate surfactants, alkyl ether carboxylate surfactants,
alkoxylated fatty acid surfactants, and alkoxylated alcohol
surfactants.
23. The method of claim 16, wherein the pesticide is selected from
glufosinate, glyphosate, water soluble glufosinate salts, water
soluble glyphosate salts, and mixtures thereof.
24. The method of claim 16, wherein the pesticide composition is
spray applied to foliage of the target plant at a rate of from
about 0.5 pint of the pesticide composition per acre to about 3
pints of the pesticide composition per acre.
Description
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0001] This invention relates to agricultural adjuvant
compositions, pesticide compositions, and methods for using such
compositions.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] Many agricultural pesticides, including insecticides,
fungicides, herbicides, miticides, and plant growth regulators, are
applied in the form of a liquid composition. In addition to the
pesticide and a solvent, such liquid compositions typically include
one or more adjuvant compounds intended to improve one or more
properties of the liquid composition, such as for example, storage
stability, ease of handling, and pesticide efficacy against target
organisms.
[0003] There is a continuing interest in pesticide compositions
that exhibit improved properties.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0004] In a first aspect, the present invention is directed to an
adjuvant composition comprising at least one surfactant compound
selected from each of at least two of the following groups: [0005]
(i) phosphate ester surfactants, [0006] (ii) alkylpolyglucoside
surfactants, [0007] (iii) the group consisting of imidazoline-based
amphoteric surfactants, sultaine surfactants, and aminopropionate
surfactants, and [0008] (iv) the group consisting of sulfonate
surfactants, sulfosuccinate surfactants, alkyl ether carboxylate
surfactants, alkoxylated fatty acid surfactants, and alkoxylated
alcohol surfactants.
[0009] In a second aspect, the present invention is directed to a
pesticide composition, comprising [0010] (a) at least one
surfactant compound selected from each of at least two of the
following groups: [0011] (i) phosphate ester surfactants, [0012]
(ii) alkylpolyglucoside surfactants, [0013] (iii) the group
consisting of imidazoline-based amphoteric surfactants, sultaine
surfactants, and aminopropionate surfactants, and [0014] (iv) the
group consisting of sulfonate surfactants, sulfosuccinate
surfactants, alkyl ether carboxylate surfactants, alkoxylated fatty
acid surfactants, and alkoxylated alcohol surfactants, and [0015]
(b) an effective amount of a pesticide.
[0016] In a third aspect, the present invention is directed to a
method for treating a target plant, comprising applying the above
described pesticide composition to such plant.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF INVENTION AND PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
[0017] As used herein, the term "alkyl" means a saturated straight
chain, branched chain, or cyclic hydrocarbon radical, such as for
example, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl,
t-butyl, pentyl, n-hexyl, and cyclohexyl.
[0018] As used herein, the term "alkylene" means a divalent
saturated straight or branched chain hydrocarbon radical, such as
for example, methylene, dimethylene, trimethylene.
[0019] As used herein, the term "alkoxy" means an oxy radical that
is substituted with an alkyl group, such as for example, methoxy,
ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, and butoxy. As used herein in
reference to an organic compound, the term "alkoxylated" means that
the compound comprises one or more alkoxy or, more typically,
poly(alkyleneoxy) moieties, such as, for example a
poly(ethyleneoxy), poly(propyleneoxy), or
poly(ethlyeneoxypropyleneoxy) moiety and the term "ethoxylated"
means that the compound comprises at least one ethoxy or
poly(ethyleneoxy) moiety. As used herein in reference to a
poly(alkyleneoxy) moiety, the notation "(n)", wherein n is an
integer, indicates the number of alkyleneoxy monomeric units in the
poly(alkyleneoxy) moiety. For example such as "ethoxylated (15)
tridecyl alcohol" means a tridecyl alcohol ethoxylated with 15
moles of ethyleneoxy units per mole of tridecyl alcohol.
[0020] As used herein, the term "alkenyl" means an unsaturated
straight chain, branched chain, or cyclic hydrocarbon radical that
contains one or more carbon-carbon double bonds, such as, for
example, ethenyl, 1-propenyl, and 2-propenyl.
[0021] As used herein, the term "aryl" means a monovalent
unsaturated hydrocarbon radical containing one or more six-membered
carbon rings in which the unsaturation may be represented by three
conjugated double bonds, which may be substituted one or more of
carbons of the ring with hydroxy, alkyl, alkenyl, halo, haloalkyl,
or amino, such as, for example, phenoxy, phenyl, methylphenyl,
dimethylphenyl, trimethylphenyl, chlorophenyl,
trichloromethylphenyl, aminophenyl, and tristyrylphenyl.
[0022] As used herein, the term "arylene" means a divalent
unsaturated hydrocarbon radical containing one or more six-membered
carbon rings in which the unsaturation may be represented by three
conjugated double bonds, which may be substituted one or more of
carbons of the ring with hydroxy, alkyl, alkenyl, halo, haloalkyl,
or amino, such as, for example, phenylene, methylphenylene,
trimethylphenylene, aminophenylene and tristyrylphenylene.
[0023] As used herein, the term "aralkyl" means an alkyl group
substituted with one or more aryl groups, such as, for example,
phenylmethyl, phenylethyl, and triphenylmethyl.
[0024] As used herein, the term "aralkenyl" means an alkenyl group
substituted with an aryl group, such as, for example,
phenylethenyl, and phenylpropenyl.
[0025] As used herein, the term "aryloxy" means an oxygen radical
substituted with an aryl group, such as, for example, phenoxy,
methylphenoxy, and trimethylphenoxy.
[0026] As used herein, the terminology "(C.sub.n-C.sub.m)" in
reference to an organic group, wherein n and m are each integers,
indicates that the group may contain from n carbon atoms to m
carbon atoms per group.
[0027] As used herein, the term "agronomically acceptable salts"
refers to salts prepared from agronomically acceptable non-toxic
bases or acids including inorganic or organic bases and inorganic
or organic acids. Typical agronomically acceptable salts the
compound referred to herein comprise an anion derived from the
compound, for example, by deprotonation of a hydroxy or
hydroxyalkyl substituent, and one or more positively charged
counterions. Suitable positively charged counterions include
inorganic cations and organic cations, such as for example, sodium
cations, potassium cations, calcium cations, magnesium cations,
isopropylamine cations, ammonium cations, and tetraalkylammonium
cations.
[0028] As used herein, the term "surfactant" means a compound that,
when dissolved in a liquid, reduces surface tension of the liquid,
which reduces interfacial tension between two liquids or which
reduces surface tension between a liquid and a solid. More
typically the term "surfactant` is used herein to refer to a
compound that, when dissolved in water, reduces the surface tension
of the water.
[0029] Phosphate ester surfactants are generally known. In one
embodiment, the phosphate ester surfactant comprises one or more
compounds according to structure (I):
##STR00001##
wherein:
[0030] R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each independently H, alkyl,
alkenyl, aryl, or alkaryl, provided that at least one of R.sup.1
and R.sup.2 is alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or alkaryl
[0031] m and m' are each 2, 3, or 4, provided, if n is greater than
1, that m may differ independently for each (C.sub.mH.sub.2mO)
repeat unit, and if n' is greater than 1, that m' may differ
independently for each (C.sub.m'H.sub.2m'O) repeat unit, and
[0032] n and n' are each independently 0 or an integer of from 1 to
about 20.
or an agronomically acceptable salt thereof.
[0033] In one embodiment, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each
independently H, (C.sub.4-C.sub.22)alkyl, more typically,
(C.sub.4-C.sub.18)alkyl, or (C.sub.4-C.sub.22)alkenyl, more
typically, (C.sub.4-C.sub.18)alkenyl, and n and n' are each
independently 0 or an integer of from 1 to about 6.
[0034] Suitable phosphate ester surfactants include, for example,
butyl phosphate, ethoxylate butyl phosphate, dibutyl phosphate,
ethoxylated dibutyl phosphate, hexyl phosphate, dihexyl phosphate,
2-ethylhexylphosphate, di-2-ethylhexyl phosphate, octyl phosphate,
ethoxylated octyl phosphate dioctyl phosphate, ethoxylated dioctyl
phosphate, decyl phosphate, didecyl phosphate, stearyl phosphate,
ethoxylated stearyl phosphate, distearyl phosphate, ethoxylated
distearyl phosphate and mixtures thereof
[0035] Alkylpolyglucoside surfactants are generally known. In one
embodiment, the alkylpolyglucoside surfactant comprises one or more
compounds according to structure (II):
##STR00002##
wherein
[0036] R.sup.3 is alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, or aralkyl, more typically
(C.sub.8-C.sub.22)alkyl, and
[0037] p is an integer of from 1 to 10.
[0038] Suitable alkylpolyglucosides include, for example,
(C.sub.8-C.sub.10)alkylpolyglucoside.
[0039] Imidazoline-based amphoteric surfactants are generally
known. In one embodiment, the imidazoline-based amphoteric
surfactant comprises an agronomically acceptable salt of a
substituted imidazoline compound according to structure (III):
##STR00003##
wherein:
[0040] R.sup.4 is alkyl alkenyl, or aryl, more typically
(C.sub.8-C.sub.18)alkyl,
[0041] R.sup.5 is R.sub.8COOH or R.sup.9SO.sub.3H,
[0042] R.sup.6 is H, alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, R.sub.8COOH, or
R.sup.9SO.sub.3H,
[0043] R.sup.7 is absent, H, alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, R.sub.8COOH, or
R.sup.9SO.sub.3H, provided that if R.sup.7 is H, alkyl,
hydroxyalkyl, R.sub.8COOH, or R.sup.9SO.sub.3H, then the nitrogen
atom to which R.sup.5, R.sup.6, and R.sup.7 are each bonded carries
a positive charge, and
[0044] R.sup.8 and R.sup.9 are each independently alkylene, more
typically methylene, dimethylene or trimethylene, which may
optionally be substituted on one or more carbon atoms with
hydroxyl.
[0045] In one embodiment, R.sup.4 is (C.sub.8-C.sub.18)alkyl,
R.sup.5 is R.sup.8COOH, R.sup.6 is (C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkyl, R.sup.7
is H, and R.sup.8 is methylene or dimethylene.
[0046] In one embodiment, R.sup.4 is (C.sub.8-C.sub.18)alkyl,
R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 are each R.sup.8COOH, R.sup.7 is
hydroxy(C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkyl, and R.sup.8 is methylene or
dimethylene.
[0047] In one embodiment, R.sup.4 is (C.sub.8-C.sub.18)alkyl,
R.sup.5 is R.sup.9SO.sub.3H, R.sup.6 is
hydroxy(C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkyl, R.sup.7 is absent, and R.sup.9
is:
##STR00004##
[0048] Suitable Imidazoline-based amphoteric surfactants include
the alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, ammonium or substituted
ammonium salts of cocoamphoacetate cocoamphopropionate,
cocoamphodiacetate, lauroamphoacetate, lauroamphodiacetate,
lauroamphodipropionate, lauroamphodiacetate, caproamphodiacetate,
caproamphoacetate, caproamphodipropionate, and
stearoamphoacetate.
[0049] Sultaine surfactants are generally known. In one embodiment,
the sultaine surfactant comprises at least one compound according
to structure (IV):
##STR00005##
wherein:
[0050] R.sup.10 is alkyl alkenyl, or aryl, more typically
(C.sub.2-C.sub.18)alkyl, and
[0051] R.sup.11 and R.sup.12 are each alkyl.
[0052] Suitable sultaine surfactants include, for example, lauryl
hydroxy sultaine, laurimidopropyl hydroxysultaine,
cocoamidopropylhydroxy sultaine, oleamidopropyl hydroxysultaine,
tallowamidopropyl hydroxysultaine, alkylether hydroxypropyl
sultaine, and mixtures thereof.
[0053] Aminopropionate surfactants are generally known. In one
embodiment, the aminopropionate surfactant comprises at least one
compound according to structure (V):
##STR00006##
wherein
[0054] R.sup.13 is alkyl, alkenyl, aryl or aralkyl
[0055] R.sup.14 is H, alkyl, alkenyl, aryl or aralkyl, and
[0056] X.sup.+ is an agronomically acceptable cation.
[0057] In one embodiment, R.sup.13 is (C.sub.8-C.sub.22)alkyl and
R.sup.14 is H.
[0058] Suitable aminopropionate surfactants include, for example,
sodium (C.sub.8-C.sub.22)alkylaminopropionate surfactants.
[0059] Sulfonate surfactant compounds are generally known compounds
and include agronomically acceptable salts of mono-sulfonic acids,
agronomically acceptable salts of di-sulfonic acids, and mixtures
thereof. In one embodiment, the adjuvant composition comprises one
or more sulfonate surfactant compounds according to structure (VI)
or (VII):
##STR00007##
wherein:
[0060] R.sup.15 is aryl, aryloxy, or alkenyl,
[0061] R.sup.16 and R.sup.16' are each independently arylene,
and
[0062] X.sup.+ is an agronomically acceptable cation.
[0063] In one embodiment, R.sup.15 is phenyl,
(C.sub.8-C.sub.18)alkylphenyl, or
(C.sub.8-C.sub.18)alkylphenoxy.
[0064] In one embodiment, R.sup.16 and R.sup.16' are each
(C.sub.8-C.sub.18)alkylphenylene.
[0065] Suitable sulfonate surfactant compounds include, for
example, sodium cocoamphohydroxypropyl sulfonate, calcium
dodecylbenzene sulfonate, calcium octadecylphenyl sulfonate, sodium
tridecyl benzene sulfonate, isopropylamine dodecyl benzene
sulfonate, isopropylamine tridecyl benzene sulfonate, ammonium
tridecyl phenyl sulfonate, sodium
(C.sub.8-C.sub.18)alkylphenoxysulfonate, sodium xylene sulfonate,
sodium (C.sub.14-C.sub.16)alpha olefin sulfonate, disodium
alkyldiphenyloxide disulfonates, and mixtures thereof.
[0066] Sulfosuccinate surfactant compounds are generally known
compounds and include agronomically acceptable salts of mono-esters
of sulfosuccinic acid, agronomically acceptable salts of di-esters
of sulfosuccinic acid, each of which may, optionally, be
alkoxylated, as well as mixtures thereof. In one embodiment, the
adjuvant composition comprises one or more sulfosuccinate
surfactant compounds according to structure (VIII):
##STR00008##
wherein:
[0067] A and A' are each independently --O.sup.-X.sup.+, or
##STR00009##
provided that at least one of A and A' is
##STR00010##
[0068] each R.sup.17 is independently H, alkyl, aryl, or
alkylamidoalkyl,
[0069] q is 2, 3, or 4, provided, if r is greater than 1, that q
may differ independently for each (C.sub.qH.sub.2qO) repeat
unit,
[0070] each r is independently 0 or an integer of from 1 to about
100, more typically from 1 to 50, and
[0071] each X.sup.+ is an agronomically acceptable cation.
[0072] In one embodiment, one of A and A' is --O.sup.-X.sup.+, and
the other of A and A' is
##STR00011##
wherein r is 0 or an integer of from 1 to about 20, and R.sup.17 is
(C.sub.6-C.sub.18)alkyl, (C.sub.1-C.sub.18)alkylphenyl, or
(C.sub.6-C.sub.18)alkylamido(C.sub.2-C.sub.6)alkyl.
[0073] In one embodiment, A and A' are each
##STR00012##
wherein each r is independently 0 or an integer of from 1 to about
20, and each R.sup.17 is (C.sub.6-C.sub.18)alkyl,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.18)alkylphenyl, or
(C.sub.6-C.sub.18)alkylamido(C.sub.2-C.sub.6)alkyl.
[0074] Suitable sulfosuccinate surfactant compounds include, for
example, disodium monooctylsulfosuccinate, sodium
dioctylsulfosuccinate, disodium lauryl sulfosuccinate, disodium
laureth sulfosuccinate, disodium laurimide (MEA) sulfosuccinate,
disodium mono-alkylphenyl ether sulfosuccinate, and mixtures
thereof.
[0075] Alkyl ether carboxylate surfactant compounds are generally
known and include agronomically acceptable salts of alkoxylated
carboxylic acids. In one embodiment, the adjuvant composition
comprises one or more alkyl ether carboxylate surfactant compounds
according to structure (IX):
##STR00013##
wherein:
[0076] R.sup.18 is alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, aryloxy, or aralkyl,
[0077] s is 2, 3, or 4, provided, if t is greater than 1, that s
may differ independently for each (C.sub.sH.sub.2sO) repeat
unit,
[0078] t is 0 or an integer of from 1 to 100, more typically an
integer of from 1 to 50, and
[0079] X.sup.+ is an agronomically acceptable cation.
[0080] In one embodiment, s is 2 or 3 and r is an integer of from 1
to about 10.
[0081] In one embodiment, R.sup.18 is (C.sub.8-C.sub.18)alkyl.
[0082] Suitable alkyl ether carboxylate surfactant compounds
include, for example, sodium laureth-13 carboxylate, alkyl
polyether carboxylic acids.
[0083] Alkoxylated fatty acid surfactant compounds are generally
known compounds. The fatty acid portion of such alkoxylated fatty
acid surfactant compounds is typically derived from a saturated or
unsaturated mono- or di-fatty acids, typically (C.sub.6-C.sub.30)
fatty acids, such as, for example, lauric acid, myristic acid,
palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, behenic
acid, erucic acid, or a mixture thereof, including vegetable oils,
such as, for example, tall oil, rapeseed oil, canola oil, soy oil,
coconut oil, castor oil, corn oil, olive oil, sunflower oil,
cottonseed oil, palm oil, peanut oil, sesame oil, safflower oil,
linseed oil, flax seed oil, palm kernel oil, and mixtures thereof.
These acids are alkoxylated with from 2 to 20 moles, more typically
from 5 to 20 moles. of a (C.sub.2-C.sub.4)alkylene oxide, more
typically, ethylene oxide.
[0084] Alkoxylated alcohol surfactant compounds are generally
known. In one embodiment, the adjuvant composition comprises one or
more alkoxylated alcohol surfactant compounds according to
structure (X):
##STR00014##
wherein
[0085] R.sup.19 is alkyl or alkenyl,
[0086] v is 2, 3, or 4, provided, if w is greater than 1, that v
may differ independently for each (C.sub.vH.sub.2vO) repeat unit,
and
[0087] w is an integer of from 1 to 100, more typically from 1 to
50, or an agronomically acceptable salt thereof.
[0088] In one embodiment, q is an integer of from 1 to about
30.
[0089] In one embodiment, R.sup.19 is (C.sub.6-C.sub.22)alkyl.
[0090] Suitable alkoxylated alcohol surfactant compounds include,
for example, ethoxylated (15) tridecyl alcohol, ethoxylated (7)
lauryl alcohol, ethoxylated (20) oleyl alcohol, ethoxylated (15)
stearyl alcohol, and mixtures thereof.
[0091] In one embodiment, the adjuvant composition comprises, based
on 100 parts by weight ("pbw") of the adjuvant composition, from
about 0.1 to about 25 pbw, more typically from about 0.5 to about
15 pbw of at least one surfactant compound selected from each of at
least two of the following groups: [0092] (i) phosphate ester
surfactants, [0093] (ii) alkylpolyglucoside surfactants, [0094]
(iii) the group consisting of imidazoline-based amphoteric
surfactants, sultaine surfactants, and aminopropionate surfactants,
and [0095] (iv) the group consisting of sulfonate surfactants,
sulfosuccinate surfactants, alkyl ether carboxylate surfactants,
alkoxylated fatty acid surfactants, and alkoxylated alcohol
surfactants.
[0096] In one embodiment, the adjuvant composition comprises, based
on 100 pbw of the adjuvant composition, from about 0.1 to about 25
pbw, more typically from about 0.5 to about 15 pbw, of at least one
surfactant compound selected from phosphate ester surfactants, and
from about 0.1 to about 25 pbw, more typically from about 0.5 to
about 15 pbw, of at least one surfactant compound selected from
alkylpolyglucoside surfactants.
[0097] In one embodiment, the adjuvant composition comprises, based
on 100 pbw of the adjuvant composition, from about 0.1 to about 25
pbw, more typically from about 0.5 to about 15 pbw, of at least one
surfactant compound selected from phosphate ester surfactants and
from about 0.1 to about 25 pbw, more typically from about 0.5 to
about 15 pbw, of at least one surfactant compound selected from the
group consisting of imidazoline-based amphoteric surfactants,
sultaine surfactants, and aminopropionate surfactants.
[0098] In one embodiment, the adjuvant composition comprises, based
on 100 pbw of the adjuvant composition, from about 0.1 to about 25
pbw, more typically from about 0.5 to about 15 pbw, of at least one
surfactant compound selected from phosphate ester surfactants and
from about 0.1 to about 25 pbw, more typically from about 0.5 to
about 15 pbw, of at least one surfactant compound selected from the
group consisting of sulfonate surfactants, sulfosuccinate
surfactants, alkyl ether carboxylate surfactants, alkoxylated fatty
acid surfactants, and alkoxylated alcohol surfactants.
[0099] In one embodiment, the adjuvant composition comprises, based
on 100 pbw of the adjuvant composition, from about 0.1 to about 25
pbw, more typically from about 0.5 to about 15 pbw, of at least one
surfactant compound selected from alkylpolyglucoside surfactants
and from about 0.1 to about 25 pbw, more typically from about 0.5
to about 15 pbw, of at least one surfactant compound selected from
the group consisting of imidazoline-based amphoteric surfactants,
sultaine surfactants, and aminopropionate surfactants.
[0100] In one embodiment, the adjuvant composition comprises, based
on 100 pbw of the adjuvant composition, from about 0.1 to about 25
pbw, more typically from about 0.5 to about 15 pbw, of at least one
surfactant compound selected from alkylpolyglucoside surfactants
and from about 0.1 to about 25 pbw, more typically from about 0.5
to about 15 pbw, of at least one surfactant compound selected from
the group consisting of sulfonate surfactants, sulfosuccinate
surfactants, alkyl ether carboxylate surfactants, alkoxylated fatty
acid surfactants, and alkoxylated alcohol surfactants.
[0101] In one embodiment, the adjuvant composition comprises, based
on 100 pbw of the adjuvant composition, from about 0.1 to about 25
pbw, more typically from about 0.5 to about 15 pbw, of at least one
surfactant compound selected from the group consisting of
imidazoline-based amphoteric surfactants, sultaine surfactants, and
aminopropionate surfactants, and from about 0.1 to about 25 pbw,
more typically from about 0.5 to about 15 pbw, of at least one
surfactant compound selected from the group consisting of sulfonate
surfactants, sulfosuccinate surfactants, alkyl ether carboxylate
surfactants, alkoxylated fatty acid surfactants, and alkoxylated
alcohol surfactants.
[0102] Suitable pesticides are biologically active compounds used
to control agricultural pests and include, for example, herbicides,
plant growth regulators, crop desiccants, fungicides,
bacteriocides, bacteriostats, insecticides, and insect repellants.
Suitable pesticides include, for example, triazine herbicides such
as metribuzin, hexaxinone, or atrazine; sulfonylurea herbicides
such as chlorsulfuron; uracils such as lenacil, bromacil, or
terbacil; urea herbicides such as linuron, diuron, siduron, or
neburon; acetanilide herbicides such as alachlor, or metolachlor;
thiocarbamate herbicides such as benthiocarb, triallate;
oxadiazolone herbicides such as oxadiazon; phenoxyacetic acids such
as 2,4-D; diphenyl ether herbicides such as fluazifop, acifluorfen,
bifenox, or oxyfluorfen; dinitro aniline herbicides such as
trifluralin; organophosphonate herbicides such as glyphosate salts
and esters; dihalobenzonitrile herbicides such as bromoxynil, or
ioxynil, dipyridilium herbicides such as paraquat. Suitable
fungicides include, for example, nitrilo oxime fungicides such as
cymoxanil; imidazole fungicides such as benomyl, carbendazim, or
thiophanate-methyl; triazole fungicides such as triadimefon;
sulfenamide fungicides, such as captan; dithio-carbamate fungicides
such as maneb, mancozeb, or thiram; chlorinated aromatic fungicides
such as chloroneb; dichloro aniline fungicides such as iprodione,
strobilurin fungicides such as kresoxim-methyl, trifloxystrobin or
azoxystrobin; chlorothalonil; copper salt fungicides such as copper
oxychloride; sulfur; phenylamides; and acylamino fungicides such as
metalaxyl or mefenoxam. Suitable insecticides, include, for
example, carbamate insecticides, such as methomyl, carbaryl,
carbofuran, or aldicarb; organo thiophosphate insecticides such as
EPN, isofenphos, isoxathion, chlorpyrifos, or chlormephos;
organophosphate insecticides such as terbufos, monocrotophos, or
terachlorvinphos; perchlorinated organic insecticides such as
methoxychlor; synthetic pyrethroid insecticides such as
fenvalerate, abamectin or emamectin benzoate, neonicotinoide
insecticides such as thiamethoxam or imidacloprid; pyrethroid
insecticides such as lambda-cyhalothrin, cypermethrin or
bifenthrin, and oxadiazine insecticides such as indoxacarb,
imidachlopryd, or fipronil. Suitable miticides include, for
example, propynyl sulfite miticides such as propargite;
triazapentadiene miticides such as amitraz; chlorinated aromatic
miticides such as chlorobenzilate, or tetradifan; and dinitrophenol
miticides such as binapacryl. Suitable nematicides include
carbamate nematicides, such as oxamyl.
[0103] Pesticide compounds are, in general, referred herein to by
the names assigned by the International Organization for
Standardization (ISO). ISO common names may be cross-referenced to
International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry ("IUPAC") and
Chemical Abstracts Service ("CAS") names through a number of
sources such as, for example, the Compendium of Pesticide Common
Names, which is available on-line at
http://www.hclrss.demon.co.uk/index.html.
[0104] In one embodiment, the pesticide comprises one or more
compounds selected from, herbicides, plant growth regulators, crop
desiccants, fungicides, bacteriocides, bacteriostats, insecticides,
miticides, nematocides, insect repellants and mixtures thereof.
[0105] In one embodiment, the pesticide is selected from
glufosinate, glyphosate, water soluble glufosinate salts, water
soluble glyphosate salts, and mixtures thereof, including, for
example sodium, potassium, isopropyl amine, or ammonium salts.
[0106] In one embodiment, the pesticide is selected from, the
potassium salt of glyphosate, the sodium salt of glyphosate, the
isopropyl amine salt of glyphosate, the ammonium salt of
glyphosate, and mixtures thereof.
[0107] Herbicidal compositions containing glyphosate or derivatives
thereof are used to control a very wide variety of plants worldwide
and can, when applied to the target plant in a herbicidally
effective amount, reportedly control one or more target plant
species of one or more of the following genera: Abutilon,
Amaranthus, Artemisia, Asclepias, Avena, Axonopus, Borreria,
Brachiaria, Brassica, Bromus, Chenopodium, Cirsium, Commelina,
Convolvulus, Cynodon, Cyperus, Digitaria, Echinochloa, Eleusine,
Elymus, Equisetum, Erodium, Helianthus, Imperata, Ipomoea, Kochia,
Lolium, Malva, Oryza, Ottochloa, Panicum, Paspalum, Phalaris,
Phragmites, Polygonum, Portulaca, Pteridium, Pueraria, Rubus,
Salsola, Setaria, Sida, Sinapis, Sorghum, Triticum, Typha, Ulex,
Xanthium and Zea, including annual broadleaf species such as, for
example, velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti), pigweed (Amaranthus
spp.), lamb's quarter (Chenopodiaeae spp.), buttonweed (Borreria
spp.), oilseed rape, canola, indian mustard, etc. (Brassica spp.),
commelina (Commelina spp.), filaree (Erodium spp.), sunflower
(Helianthus spp.), morningglory (Ipomoea spp.), kochia (Kochia
scoparia), mallow (Malva spp.), wild buckwheat, smartweed, etc.
(Polygonum spp.), purslane (Portulaca spp.), russian thistle
(Salsola spp.), sida (Sida spp.), wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis)
and cocklebur (Xanthium spp.), annual narrowleaf species such as
for example, wild oat (Avena fatua), carpetgrass (Axonopus spp.),
downy brome (Bromus tectorum), crabgrass (Digitaria spp.),
barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli), goosegrass (Eleusine
indica), annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum), rice (Oryza sativa),
hemp sesbania (Sesbania exaltata), ottochloa (Ottochloa nodosa),
bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum), canarygrass (Phalaris spp.), foxtail
(Setaria spp.), wheat (Triticum aestivum) and corn (Zea mays),
perennial broadleaf species such as, for example, mugwort
(Artemisia spp.), milkweed (Asclepias spp.), canada thistle
(Cirsium arvense), field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis) and kudzu
(Pueraria spp.), perennial narrowleaf species such as for example,
brachiaria (Brachiaria spp.), bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon),
yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus), purple nutsedge (C.
rotundus), quackgrass (Elymus repens), lalang (Imperata
cylindrica), perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne), guineagrass
(Panicum maximum), dallisgrass (Paspalum dilatatum), reed
(Phragmites spp.), johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) and cattail
(Typha spp.), and other perennial species such as, for example,
horsetail (Equisetum spp.), bracken (Pteridium aquilinum),
blackberry (Rubus spp.) and gorse (Ulex europaeus), and sickle
pod.
[0108] As used herein, the terminology "effective amount" in
reference to the relative amount of a pesticide in a pesticide
composition means the relative amount of pesticide that is
effective to control a target pest, for example, a target plant,
fungus, bacterium, or insect, when the pesticide composition is
applied at a given application rate.
[0109] In one embodiment, the pesticide is glyphosate herbicide and
the pesticide composition is an herbicide composition that
comprises a herbicidally effective amount of glyphosate.
[0110] As used herein, the terminology "an herbicidally effective
amount" in reference to the relative amount of herbicide in an
herbicidal composition means the relative amount that is effective
to control growth of a target plant when the herbicidal composition
is spray applied to the target plant at a given application
rate.
[0111] In one embodiment, the pesticide composition comprises,
based on 100 parts by weight ("pbw") of the pesticide
composition,
(a) from about 0.001 to about 2 pbw of at least one surfactant
compound selected from each of at least two of the following
groups: [0112] (i) phosphate ester surfactants, [0113] (ii)
alkylpolyglucoside surfactants, [0114] (iii) the group consisting
of imidazoline-based amphoteric surfactants, sultaine surfactants,
and aminopropionate surfactants, and [0115] (iv) the group
consisting of sulfonate surfactants, sulfosuccinate surfactants,
alkyl ether carboxylate surfactants, alkoxylated fatty acid
surfactants, and alkoxylated alcohol surfactants, and (b) an
effective amount of a pesticide
[0116] In one embodiment, the pesticide composition comprises,
based on 100 pbw of the pesticide composition, [0117] (a) from
about 0.001 to about 2 pbw of at least one surfactant compound
selected from phosphate ester surfactants, and from about 0.001 to
about 2 pbw of at least one surfactant compound selected from
alkylpolyglucoside surfactants, and [0118] (b) an effective amount
of a pesticide.
[0119] In one embodiment, the pesticide composition comprises,
based on 100 pbw of the pesticide composition, [0120] (a) from
about 0.001 to about 2 pbw of at least one surfactant compound
selected from phosphate ester surfactants and from about 0.001 to
about 2 pbw of at least one surfactant compound selected from the
group consisting of imidazoline-based amphoteric surfactants,
sultaine surfactants, and aminopropionate surfactants, and [0121]
(b) an effective amount of a pesticide.
[0122] In one embodiment, the pesticide composition comprises,
based on 100 pbw of the pesticide composition, [0123] (a) from
about 0.001 to about 2 pbw of at least one surfactant compound
selected from phosphate ester surfactants and from about 0.001 to
about 2 pbw of at least one surfactant compound selected from the
group consisting of the group consisting of sulfonate surfactants,
sulfosuccinate surfactants, alkyl ether carboxylate surfactants,
alkoxylated fatty acid surfactants, and alkoxylated alcohol
surfactants, and [0124] (b) an effective amount of a pesticide.
[0125] In one embodiment, the pesticide composition comprises,
based on 100 pbw of the pesticide composition, [0126] (a) from
about 0.001 to about 2 pbw of at least one surfactant compound
selected from alkylpolyglucoside surfactants from about 0.001 to
about 2 pbw of at least one surfactant compound selected from the
group consisting of imidazoline-based amphoteric surfactants,
sultaine surfactants, and aminopropionate surfactants, and [0127]
(B) an effective amount of a pesticide.
[0128] In one embodiment, the pesticide composition comprises,
based on 100 pbw of the pesticide composition, [0129] (a) from
about 0.001 to about 2 pbw of at least one surfactant compound
selected from alkylpolyglucoside surfactants from about 0.001 to
about 2 pbw of at least one surfactant compound selected from the
group consisting of the group consisting of sulfonate surfactants,
sulfosuccinate surfactants, alkyl ether carboxylate surfactants,
alkoxylated fatty acid surfactants, and alkoxylated alcohol
surfactants, and [0130] (b) an effective amount of a pesticide.
[0131] In one embodiment, the pesticide composition comprises,
based on 100 pbw of the pesticide composition, [0132] (a) from
about 0.001 to about 2 pbw of at least one surfactant compound
selected from the group consisting of imidazoline-based amphoteric
surfactants, sultaine surfactants, and aminopropionate surfactants,
and from about 0.001 to about 2 pbw of at least one surfactant
compound selected from the group consisting of the group consisting
of sulfonate surfactants, sulfosuccinate surfactants, alkyl ether
carboxylate surfactants, alkoxylated fatty acid surfactants, and
alkoxylated alcohol surfactants, and [0133] (b) an effective amount
of a pesticide.
[0134] In one embodiment, the pesticide component of the pesticide
composition comprises an effective amount of glyphosate, more
typically an amount, based on 100 pbw of the pesticide composition,
of from about 10 pbw to about 90 pbw, even more typically from
about 30 to about 60 pbw, glyphosate.
[0135] The adjuvant and pesticide compositions of the present
invention may each, optionally, further comprise one or more
agronomically acceptable solvent. Suitable solvents include, for
example, water, and organic solvents, such as for example,
alkylated aromatic solvents, such as toluene or alkylated
naphthalenes and mineral oil fractions, such as paraffinic
hydrocarbons.
[0136] In one embodiment, the adjuvant composition of the present
invention further comprises, based on 100 pbw of such composition,
up to about 25 pbw an organic solvent.
[0137] In one embodiment, the pesticide composition further
comprises a fertilizer. Such fertilizers can provide the primary
nutrients of nitrogen, phosphorus and/or potassium such as urea
ammonium nitrate (30-0-0), 10-34-0, secondary nutrients sulfur,
calcium, magnesium such as ammonium thiosulfate 12-0-0-26S,
micronutrient fertilizers containing zinc, iron, molybdenum,
copper, boron, chlorine, magnesium, for example 0-0-1 3%-S, 3%-Zn,
2%-Fe, 2%-Mn, and mixtures thereof. In one embodiment, the
pesticide composition comprises from about 85 to about 99 pbw, more
typically from about 90 to about 99 pbw, and even more typically
from about 93 to about 99 pbw, of a mixture of fertilizer and
water.
[0138] In one embodiment, the pesticide composition of the present
invention further comprises one or more water conditioners, such as
for example, chelating agents, such as ethylenediamine tetraacetic
acid, complexing agents such as ammonium sulfate, and pH adjusting
agents, such as citric acid and polyacrylic acid.
[0139] In one embodiment, the pesticide composition of the present
invention comprises, based on 100 pbw of such composition, from
about 0.1 to about 3 pbw, more typically from about 0.7 to about
2.5 pbw, of one or more water conditioners, typically ammonium
sulfate.
[0140] The pesticide composition of the present invention may,
optionally, further comprise other ingredients, such as one or more
additional surfactants, one or more thickeners, such as
polysaccharide thickeners, and polyacrylamide thickeners, as well
as antifoams, spreaders, and drift control agents.
[0141] The adjuvant composition of the present invention is made by
combining and mixing the components of such composition.
[0142] The pesticide composition of the present invention is made
by mixing the ingredients together. In one embodiment, the
pesticide composition is made by combining and mixing the adjuvant
composition of the present invention, a pesticide compound, and
water. Alternatively, the pesticide composition is made by
combining and mixing the separate components of the adjuvant
composition, a pesticide, and water.
[0143] The pesticide composition of the present invention is useful
for treating plant to control pests, such as for example, depending
on the choice of pesticide, killing, discouraging the growth of, or
repelling plants, bacteria, fungi, insects, or other pests.
[0144] In one embodiment, the pesticide composition is spray
applied to foliage of a target plant at a rate of from about 0.5
pint/acre to about 3 pints/acre, more typically from about 0.5
pint/acre to about 2.5 pints/acre.
* * * * *
References