U.S. patent application number 12/277953 was filed with the patent office on 2010-01-07 for machine with uv illumination.
Invention is credited to David C. Campbell, Rachel Lombardo, Jennifer R. Munn.
Application Number | 20100002415 12/277953 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 41128068 |
Filed Date | 2010-01-07 |
United States Patent
Application |
20100002415 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Munn; Jennifer R. ; et
al. |
January 7, 2010 |
MACHINE WITH UV ILLUMINATION
Abstract
A machine according to the present teachings can include a
machine housing and a drive mechanism disposed in the machine
housing and driving an output member. An input member can be
associated with the machine housing for activating the drive
mechanism. A working member can be driven by the output member. A
light source can be coupled to the machine housing that projects UV
light onto an area proximate to the working member. According to
additional features, the light source can comprise a UV light
source. According to other features, the light source can
collectively define a light emitting device and a filter. The
filter can allow black light to pass therethrough. The light
emitting device can comprise an incandescent bulb, a light emitting
diode, or a fluorescent bulb according to various examples.
Inventors: |
Munn; Jennifer R.;
(Baltimore, MD) ; Lombardo; Rachel; (Parkton,
MD) ; Campbell; David C.; (Bel Air, MD) |
Correspondence
Address: |
Harness Dickey & Pierce, P.L.C.
P.O. Box 828
Bloomfield Hills
MI
48303
US
|
Family ID: |
41128068 |
Appl. No.: |
12/277953 |
Filed: |
November 25, 2008 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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12166089 |
Jul 1, 2008 |
|
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12277953 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
362/90 ;
362/89 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B23D 49/162 20130101;
B23D 59/002 20130101; D05B 79/00 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
362/90 ;
362/89 |
International
Class: |
D05B 79/00 20060101
D05B079/00 |
Claims
1. A machine comprising: a machine housing; a drive mechanism
disposed in the machine housing and driving an output member; an
input member associated with the machine housing for activating the
drive mechanism; a working member driven by the output member; and
a light source coupled to the machine housing that projects UV
light onto an area proximate to the working member.
2. The machine of claim 1 wherein the light source comprises a UV
light source.
3. The machine of claim 1 wherein the light source collectively
defines a light emitting device and a filter, wherein the filter
allows black light to pass therethrough.
4. The machine of claim 3 wherein the light emitting device
comprises one of an incandescent bulb, a light emitting diode and a
fluorescent bulb.
5. The machine of claim 1, further comprising a writing instrument
operable to place markings onto a workpiece, the markings
corresponding to a working pattern and wherein the UV light
illuminates the working pattern relative to the area proximate to
the working member.
6. The machine of claim 1 wherein the light source is disposed on
the machine housing generally proximate to the working member.
7. The machine of claim 6 wherein the light source is powered by a
power source internal to the machine housing.
8. The machine of claim 7 wherein the light source is powered by a
common power source as the drive mechanism.
9. The machine of claim 8, further comprising a switch to
selectively electrically connect the light source to the common
power source.
10. The machine of claim 6 wherein the light source is disposed in
a light housing that is portable and comprises an internal power
source.
11. The machine of claim 1 wherein the machine comprises a sewing
machine.
12. The machine of claim 11 wherein the working member comprises a
needle.
13. The machine of claim 12 wherein the input member comprises a
foot pedal.
14. The machine of claim 1 wherein the drive mechanism is hand
driven.
15. The machine of claim 1 wherein the machine comprises one of a
rotary tool, grinder, circular saw, scroll saw, band saw and
jigsaw.
16. A machine comprising: a machine housing having an input member;
a motor provided in the machine housing and coupled to an output
member, the motor activating in response to an input from the input
member; a working member driven by the output member; a black light
disposed on the machine housing and emitting light adjacent to the
working member; and a writing instrument configured to mark a
workpiece corresponding to a working pattern; wherein the emitted
light from the black light makes the marks of the working pattern
appear optically brighter than areas of the workpiece in range of
the emitted black light but without the marks.
17. The machine of claim 16 wherein the writing instrument
comprises a highlighter.
18. The machine of claim 16 wherein the writing instrument
comprises a pencil.
19. The machine of claim 16 wherein the black light is powered by a
power source common with the motor.
20. The machine of claim 16 wherein the black light is disposed in
a light housing, the light housing being selectively attached to
the machine housing.
21. The machine of claim 20 wherein the light housing is portable
and comprises an internal power source.
22. A method of manipulating a workpiece with a machine, the method
comprising: marking a pattern onto the workpiece with a writing
instrument; activating a UV light source associated with the
workpiece, the UV light source emitting light that makes the
markings of the pattern appear optically brighter relative to the
surrounding areas of the workpiece in range of the emitted light;
and manipulating the workpiece with a working member on the machine
while directing the working member substantially along the
markings.
23. The method of claim 22 wherein the working member includes a
needle and manipulating the workpiece includes repeatedly passing
the needle through the workpiece to secure a flexible member
carried by the needle substantially along the markings.
Description
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent
application Ser. No. 12/166,089 filed on Jul. 1, 2008. The entire
disclosure of the above application is incorporated herein by
reference.
FIELD
[0002] The present teachings relate to machines and more
particularly relate to a machine having a UV light source for
illuminating markings on a workpiece.
BACKGROUND
[0003] This section provides background information related to the
present disclosure which is not necessarily prior art.
[0004] Machines are provided in many varieties, such as handheld
power tools for example that can be used to manipulate (such as
cut) a workpiece (i.e., a jigsaw, rotary tool, circular saw,
grinder, etc.). Other machines can include sewing machines or other
machines that are used to manipulate a workpiece (i.e., sew or
employ stitching with a thread to a material such as fabric, or
leather for example). It is appreciated that manipulating a
workpiece can include joining multiple workpieces together. In some
instances, prior to performing a manipulating operation, a user may
mark onto a workpiece with a writing instrument a desired working
path. The working path can then be followed by the working member
(i.e., saw blade, bit, needle, etc.). Sometimes, it may be
difficult for a user to effectively view such markings while
performing a cutting operation (or other material working
operation, such as joining, sewing, grinding and drilling for
example) on the workpiece. Furthermore, while many examples require
a working path along a straight line, some applications may require
a working path (such as a cutting path or joining path) that
defines curves or other non-linear shapes.
SUMMARY
[0005] This section provides a general summary of the disclosure,
and is not a comprehensive disclosure of its full scope or all of
its features.
[0006] A machine according to the present teachings can include a
machine housing and a drive mechanism disposed in the machine
housing and driving an output member. An input member can be
associated with the machine housing for activating the drive
mechanism. A working member can be driven by the output member. A
light source can be coupled to the machine housing that projects UV
light onto an area proximate to the working member.
[0007] According to additional features, the light source can
comprise a UV light source. According to other features, the light
source can collectively define a light emitting device and a
filter. The filter can allow black light to pass therethrough. The
light emitting device can comprise an incandescent bulb, a light
emitting diode, or a fluorescent bulb according to various
examples.
[0008] A writing instrument can be operable to place markings onto
a workpiece. The markings can correspond to a working pattern. The
UV light can illuminate the working pattern relative to the area
proximate to the working member. The light source according to one
example can be disposed on the machine housing generally proximate
to the working member.
[0009] The light source can be powered by a power source that is
internal to the machine housing. In other features, the light
source can be powered by a common power source as the drive
mechanism. The machine can further comprise a switch that
selectively electrically connects the light source to the common
power source. The light source can be disposed in a light housing
that is portable and comprises an internal power source.
[0010] In one example, the machine can comprise a sewing machine.
The working member can comprise a needle. The input member can
comprise a foot pedal. In other features, the machine can comprise
one of a rotary tool, a grinder, a circular saw and a jigsaw.
According to one example, the drive mechanism can be hand
driven.
[0011] A method of manipulating a workpiece with a machine can
include marking a pattern onto the workpiece with a writing
instrument. A UV light source associated with the workpiece can be
activated. The UV light source can emit light that makes the
markings of the pattern appear optically brighter relative to the
surrounding areas of the workpiece in range of the emitted light.
The workpiece can be manipulated with a working member on the
machine while directing the working member substantially along the
markings. The working member can include a needle. Manipulating the
workpiece can include repeatedly passing the needle through the
workpiece to secure a flexible member carried by the needle
substantially along the markings.
[0012] Further areas of applicability will become apparent from the
description provided herein. The description and specific examples
in this summary are intended for purposes of illustration only and
are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure.
DRAWINGS
[0013] The drawings described herein are for illustrative purposes
only of selected embodiments and not all possible implementations,
and are not intended to limit the scope of the present
disclosure.
[0014] FIG. 1 is a front perspective view of an exemplary power
hand tool having a UV light source according to one example of the
present teachings;
[0015] FIG. 2 is a perspective view of an exemplary workpiece
having markings drawn on it by a writing instrument;
[0016] FIG. 3 is a partial side perspective view of the power hand
tool of FIG. 1 and shown cutting through the workpiece of FIG. 2
along the marking lines while the UV light illuminates the
markings;
[0017] FIG. 4 is an exemplary schematic view of a power tool
constructed in accordance to additional features of the present
teachings;
[0018] FIG. 5 is an exemplary schematic view of a power tool
constructed in accordance to the present teachings and cooperating
with a portable UV light source;
[0019] FIG. 6 is an exemplary schematic view of a machine
constructed in accordance to various examples of the present
teachings;
[0020] FIG. 7 is a front perspective view of an exemplary sewing
machine having a light source according to one example of the
present teachings;
[0021] FIG. 8 is a partial side perspective view of the machine of
FIG. 7 and shown performing a sewing stitch through an exemplary
workpiece along the marking lines while the light source
illuminates the markings; and
[0022] FIG. 9 is a side perspective view of a light source
according to additional features of the present teachings and
including a light emitting member and a film.
[0023] Corresponding reference numerals indicate corresponding
parts throughout the several views of the drawings.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0024] The following description is merely exemplary in nature and
is not intended to limit the present teachings, their application
or uses. It should be understood that throughout the drawings,
corresponding reference numerals can indicate like or corresponding
parts and features.
[0025] Moreover, certain terminology can be used for the purpose of
reference only and do not limit the present teachings. For example,
terms such as "upper," "lower," "above" and "below" can refer to
directions in the drawings to which reference is made. Terms such
as "front," "back," "rear" and "side" can describe the orientation
of portions of the component, function, system, etc. within a
consistent but arbitrary frame of reference which can be made more
clear by reference to the text and the associated drawings
describing the component, function, system, etc. under discussion.
Such terminology may include the words specifically mentioned
above, derivatives thereof and words of similar import. Similarly,
the terms "first," "second" and other such numerical terms
referring to structures, systems and/or methods do not imply a
sequence or order unless clearly indicated by the context.
[0026] With initial reference to FIG. 1, a power tool constructed
in accordance with the present teachings is shown and generally
identified at reference numeral 10. The power tool 10 can generally
comprise a housing 12 containing a motor 14. The housing 12 can
generally comprise a main body 16, a front portion 18, a rear
portion 20, an upper portion 22 and a lower portion 24. In one
example, the upper portion 22 can define a handle 30 having a
trigger assembly 32. A power switch 34 can be provided on the upper
portion 22 of the tool 10.
[0027] When activated by the trigger assembly 32, the motor 14 can
provide a reciprocating and/or pendulum motion to an output member,
such as a cutting blade holder 40, on an end of a reciprocating
shaft to drive a cutting blade 42. A control member 44 can be
provided on the main body 16 of the housing 12. In one example, the
control member 44 can control a rate of reciprocation and/or a
magnitude of a pendulum motion of the cutting blade 42.
[0028] While the handheld power tool 10 is represented in the
figures as a jigsaw, the teachings of the present disclosure are
also applicable to other handheld power tools, such as, but not
limited to, circulating saws, reciprocating saws, scroll saws,
miter saw, band saws, portable band saws, rotary tools, cut-out
tools, drills, routers, grinders, or any other tool in which an
illumination of an area or path would assist the user in seeing a
cutting or working line. As will be discussed in greater detail,
the present teachings are applicable to machines in general or any
device where following a path is recommended during use.
[0029] A shoe member 50 can be coupled to the lower portion 24 of
the housing 12. During use, a bottom surface 54 of the shoe member
50 can abut a workpiece 56, which can be wood, plastic, metal,
other suitable materials and one or more combinations thereof and
can be in the form of pipe, sheet material, stock material, other
suitable forms and/or materials and one or more combinations
thereof. The handheld power tool 10 can further comprise a rolling
blade guide 60 that can guide the blade 42 during reciprocating
motion. A dust blower 62 can be disposed in the housing 12, such as
near the lower portion 24. The dust blower 62 can be configured to
blow air onto the workpiece 56 in a direction generally proximate
to the cutting area of the blade 42 to disperse debris from the
workpiece 56 at an area adjacent to the blade 42.
[0030] The handheld power tool 10 can further comprise a light
source 70 having a light outlet 72. In one example, the light
source 70 can be disposed generally on the front portion 18 of the
housing 12. The light source 70 according to the present teachings
can comprise an ultraviolet (UV) light. The UV light can be in the
form of a bulb, a light-emitting diode (LED), or other forms. In
one example, the UV light source 70 can include a black light. The
light source 70 can be configured to shine light out of the light
outlet 72 and onto a work area 76 of the workpiece 56. In one
example, the light source 70 can emit a generally wide beam 80 of
UV light onto the work area 76 of the workpiece 56. As will become
appreciated from the following discussion, the light source 70 can
emit the beam 80 onto the work area 76 of the workpiece 56 to
illuminate markings drawn by the user onto the workpiece 56 that
identify an area of interest such as a desired cut pattern for
example.
[0031] With continual reference to FIG. 1 and additional reference
now to FIGS. 2 and 3, the handheld power tool 10 and an exemplary
method of using the handheld power tool 10 will be described in
greater detail. A writing instrument 84 can be provided for drawing
markings 86 onto the workpiece 56. According to various examples, a
writing instrument 84 can comprise any writing tool that can mark a
workpiece, such as a highlighter, a pencil, a pen, a marker, or
other writing tool. According to various examples, the pencil can
comprise a graphite pencil, a charcoal pencil, a crayon, a grease
pencil, or other variety of pencil. The highlighter, according to
various examples, can comprise any color, such as yellow for
example. In this way, a user can draw the markings 86 onto the
workpiece 56 to identify a desired line of cut.
[0032] As can be appreciated, in some examples, it may be desirable
to cut along a curved cutting path (such as shown in FIG. 2).
According to one advantage of the present teachings, the light
source 70 can be adapted to transmit UV light onto the surrounding
work area 76 rather than simply project a line of light, such as
provided by a laser, for example. By shining on an area, the UV
light can shine on markings that are within the work area 76.
[0033] As shown in FIG. 3, the handheld power tool 10 is shown
cutting the workpiece 56 along the marking 86. The beam 80 of the
light source 70 illuminates the markings 86 by way of the UV light.
In one example, the UV light can transmit radiation prompting
visible effects of fluorescence and phosphorescence. More
specifically, the beam 80 of UV light illuminates the markings 86
relative to the surrounding work area 76 to make the markings
easily visible by the user. As can be appreciated by those skilled
in the art that while the UV light may be projected onto the work
area 76 of the workpiece 56, the work area 76 does not necessarily
illuminate as would be the case with a conventional incandescent
(or other) light bulb. Instead, the UV light will cause the
markings 86 to illuminate significantly relative to the remainder
of the work area 76 (i.e., areas without the markings 86 but within
the work area 76). Also, as can be appreciated, the beam 80 of UV
light can effectively illuminate a curved path of the markings 86,
such that a user can effectively anticipate movements of the tool
10 as the user cuts through the workpiece 56.
[0034] With reference now to FIG. 4, a handheld power tool 110
according to additional features is shown. The power tool 110 can
generally define a tool housing 112. While not specifically shown
in FIG. 4, the power tool 110 can generally take the form of the
handheld power tool 10 described above with respect to FIG. 1. It
is appreciated that while specific components shown in the power
tool 10 of FIG. 1 have been omitted in the illustration of the
power tool 110 of FIG. 4 that they are simply omitted for clarity
purposes.
[0035] The power tool 110 can comprise a light source 170 having a
light outlet 172. The light source 170 having the light outlet 172
can be generally provided as part of a light housing 174. The light
source 170 can be configured to emit UV light as described above
with respect to the light source 170. The power tool 110 can
further comprise a power distributor/converter that can convert
alternating current (AC) from a power cord 178 into usable power
for the power tool 110. According to the example shown in FIG. 4,
the power tool 110 can include an on/off switch 180. The on/off
switch 180 can be turned to an "on" position to communicate
electrical power from the power distributor/converter 176 to the
light source 170. In one example, the light source 170 can be
powered by the same source as other components (i.e., the motor) of
the power tool 110. As can be appreciated, by turning the on/off
switch 180 to an "off" position, a user can disable power
communication to the light source 170 when the light source 170 is
not needed. It is appreciated that while the power tool 110 has
been shown with a standard AC power cord 178, the power tool 110
can alternatively be powered by an onboard power source, such as
batteries, for example.
[0036] Turning now to FIG. 5, a handheld power tool 210 will be
described in cooperation with a portable light source 270. Again,
it is appreciated that the power tool 210 can be configured similar
to the power tool 10 illustrated in FIG. 1. In this way, features
shown and described above with respect to the power tool 10 (or
machines 310, 410) can likewise be included on the power tool 210
of FIG. 5. According to the example shown in FIG. 5, the power tool
210 can include a receiving member 220 that can selectively couple
with an attachment member 224 defined on a light housing 274 of the
light source 270. The light source 270 can be configured to
transmit UV light, such as described above in relation to the power
tools 10 and 110 described above. The light source 270 according to
the example of FIG. 5 can be a self-contained light source having
an onboard power supply 276 (such as batteries for example)
electrically coupled to an on/off switch 280 provided on the light
housing 274. The light source 270 can define a light outlet 272 for
emitting UV light onto a workpiece.
[0037] The receiving member 220 and attachment member 224 can take
various forms. In one example, the receiving member 220 and the
attachment member 224 can comprise a combination of fasteners that
are configured to selectively mate with complementary features for
securing the light source 270 to the tool 210. It is appreciated
that the receiving member 220 and the attachment member 224 can
take on other forms, such as, but not limited to, magnets. It is
contemplated that the receiving member 220 can be arranged such
that when the attachment member 224 is coupled with the receiving
member 220, the light outlet 272 is aligned for emitting the UV
light onto the work area (i.e., work area 76, FIG. 1). According to
other features, it is contemplated that the light outlet 272 can be
adjustable, such that a user can alter the direction of emitted
light from the light outlet 272. It is also contemplated that the
light source 70 (FIG. 1) and the light source 170 (FIG. 4) can also
include an adjustable light outlet 72 and 172, respectively, such
that a user can adjust the direction that the light is emitted onto
in the work area 76 of the workpiece 56.
[0038] Turning now to FIG. 6, a machine constructed in accordance
with additional features of the present teachings is shown and
generally identified at reference numeral 310. The machine 310 can
generally comprise a machine housing 312 containing a drive
mechanism 314. An input member 332 can be coupled to the housing
312. An output member 340 can be driven by the drive mechanism 314
in response to an input from the input member 332 and provide a
resultant motion onto a working member 342. The machine 310 can
further comprise a light source 370 operable to shine a light out
of the light source 370 and onto a work area 376 of a workpiece
356. The light source 370 can emit a generally wide beam 380 of UV
light onto the work area 376 of the workpiece 356. By way of
example, the machine 310 can comprise any machine used to perform a
task on a workpiece. More particularly, the machine 310 can
comprise any machine used to manipulate (i.e., cut, drill, grind,
join, sew, weld, etc.) a workpiece 356 (including multiple
workpieces concurrently) where an operator may follow a path
identified on the workpiece 356 (markings, etc) with the working
member 342. In this way, the working member can include, for
example, a blade, a bit, a grinding wheel, a needle, other cutting
instruments or joining instruments, and others. The drive mechanism
314 can comprise a motor such as described above with respect to
the motor 14. The drive mechanism 314 can also comprise
non-motorized devices such as hand operated devices or other
apparatus that can impart motion onto an output member 340.
[0039] Turning now to FIG. 7, a sewing machine 410 constructed in
accordance to one example of the present teachings is shown. The
sewing machine 410 can generally comprise a sewing machine housing
412 having a drive mechanism 414 in the form of a motor. An input
member 432 can be coupled to the sewing machine 410 for providing a
signal to the drive mechanism 414. The input member 432 according
to one example can comprise a foot pedal. The drive mechanism 414
can drive an output member 440 such as a needle holder. The output
member 440 can selectively retain a working member such as a needle
442. As can be appreciated, the needle 442 can be adapted to carry
a flexible member such as a thread 446. As can be appreciated,
repeatedly passing the needle 442 through a workpiece 456 can
secure the flexible member 446 to the workpiece 456 along a path. A
light source 470 can project light onto the workpiece 456. The
light source 470 can emit a generally wide beam 480 of UV light
onto a work area 476 of the workpiece 456. The exemplary workpiece
456 of FIG. 7 can be any material suitable for sewing such as, but
not limited to fabric, textiles or leather for example. The sewing
machine 410 can further comprise a power distributor/converter that
can convert alternating current (AC) from a power cord into usable
power as described above in relation to the power tool 110 in FIG.
4.
[0040] With continued reference to FIG. 7 and additional reference
now to FIG. 8, the machine 410 and an exemplary method of using the
machine 410 will be described in greater detail. A writing
instrument (such as the writing instrument 84 described above and
shown in FIG. 2) can be used for drawing markings 486 onto the
workpiece 456. In one example, a user can draw the markings 486
onto the workpiece 456 to identify a desired sewing line. Those
skilled in the art will appreciate that the sewing line 486 may be
identified along a single workpiece (a single piece of material
such as fabric) or can alternatively represent a line indicating
where multiple pieces of material will be joined by the thread 446
during a sewing operation. As with the examples described above,
the light source 470 can be adapted to transmit UV light onto the
surrounding work area 476 rather than simply project a line of
light, such as provided by a laser, for example. By shining light
onto an area, the UV light can shine on markings that are within
the work area 476. As shown in FIG. 8, the machine 410 is shown
sewing along the marking 486 of the workpiece 456. The beam 480 of
the light source 470 illuminates the markings 486 by way of the UV
light. As described above, the UV light can transmit radiation
prompting visible effects of fluorescence and phosphorescence. Also
as described above, the UV light will cause the markings 486 to
illuminate significantly relative to the remainder of the work area
476 (i.e., areas without the markings 486, but within the work area
476).
[0041] Turning now to FIG. 9, a light source 570 according to
additional features of the present teachings is shown. The light
source 570 can be collectively defined by a light emitting device
574 and a filter 578. The light emitting device 574 can include any
light source, such as an incandescent bulb, a light emitting diode,
a fluorescent bulb or others that is capable of emitting at least
partially a percentage of UV light. Explained differently, the
light source 570 can be configured to emit a percentage of black
light and a remaining percentage of other light. The filter 578 can
be a black light filter or other filter that is operable to filter
out visible light (i.e., other light identified above) and only
allow black light to pass through. The light source 470 can be
substituted for any of the light sources 70, 170, 270 or 370
described herein.
[0042] While specific aspects have been described in the
specification and illustrated in the drawings, it will be
understood by those skilled in the art that various changes can be
made and equivalents can be substituted for elements and components
thereof without departing from the scope of the present teachings,
as defined in the claims. Furthermore, the mixing and matching of
features, elements, components and/or functions between various
aspects of the present teachings are expressly contemplated herein
so that one skilled in the art will appreciate from the present
teachings that features, elements, components and/or functions of
one aspect of the present teachings can be incorporated into
another aspect, as appropriate, unless described otherwise above.
Moreover, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular
situation, configuration or material to the present teachings
without departing from the essential scope thereof. Therefore, it
is intended that the present teachings not be limited to the
particular aspects illustrated by the drawings and described in the
specification as the best mode presently contemplated for carrying
out the present teachings, but that the scope of the present
teachings include many aspects and examples following within the
foregoing description and the appended claims.
[0043] The foregoing description of the embodiments has been
provided for purposes of illustration and description. It is not
intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention. Individual
elements or features of a particular embodiment are generally not
limited to that particular embodiment, but, where applicable, are
interchangeable and can be used in a selected embodiment, even if
not specifically shown or described. The same may also be varied in
many ways. Such variations are not to be regarded as a departure
from the invention, and all such modifications are intended to be
included within the scope of the invention.
* * * * *