U.S. patent application number 12/550688 was filed with the patent office on 2009-12-31 for exercise condition detection apparatus, exercise condition detection program, and exercise condition detection method.
This patent application is currently assigned to FUJITSU LIMITED. Invention is credited to Hiroshi KANNO, Kouichirou KASAMA, Nobuhisa YAMAMOTO.
Application Number | 20090325766 12/550688 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 39765499 |
Filed Date | 2009-12-31 |
United States Patent
Application |
20090325766 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
KASAMA; Kouichirou ; et
al. |
December 31, 2009 |
EXERCISE CONDITION DETECTION APPARATUS, EXERCISE CONDITION
DETECTION PROGRAM, AND EXERCISE CONDITION DETECTION METHOD
Abstract
There is provided an exercise condition detection apparatus that
detects a physical exercise condition. The exercise condition
detection apparatus includes: an exercise intensity calculation
section 3 that acquires exercise intensity; a step number
measurement device 11 and step number calculation section 5 that
acquire step number information representing the number of steps
per a unit time; and a determination section 4 that determines the
exercise condition based on the exercise intensity acquired by the
exercise intensity acquisition section and the step number
information acquired by the step number information acquisition
section.
Inventors: |
KASAMA; Kouichirou;
(Kawasaki, JP) ; KANNO; Hiroshi; (Kawasaki,
JP) ; YAMAMOTO; Nobuhisa; (Kawasaki, JP) |
Correspondence
Address: |
STAAS & HALSEY LLP
SUITE 700, 1201 NEW YORK AVENUE, N.W.
WASHINGTON
DC
20005
US
|
Assignee: |
FUJITSU LIMITED
Kawasaki
JP
|
Family ID: |
39765499 |
Appl. No.: |
12/550688 |
Filed: |
August 31, 2009 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
PCT/JP2007/055499 |
Mar 19, 2007 |
|
|
|
12550688 |
|
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Current U.S.
Class: |
482/8 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61B 5/024 20130101;
G01C 22/006 20130101; A61B 5/1118 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
482/8 |
International
Class: |
A63B 71/00 20060101
A63B071/00 |
Claims
1. An exercise condition detection apparatus that detects a
physical exercise condition, comprising: an exercise intensity
acquisition section that acquires exercise intensity; a step number
information acquisition section that acquires step number
information representing the number of steps per a unit time; and a
determination section that determines the exercise condition based
on the exercise intensity acquired by the exercise intensity
acquisition section and the step number information acquired by the
step number information acquisition section.
2. The exercise condition detection apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the exercise intensity acquisition section includes a pulse
number acquisition section that acquires the number of pulses and
acquires the exercise intensity based on the number of pulses
acquired by the pulse number acquisition section.
3. The exercise condition detection apparatus according to claim 2,
wherein the exercise intensity acquisition section refers to a
table associating the number of pulses corresponding to the
percentage with respect to the maximum heart rate reserve and the
exercise intensity and relates the number of pulses acquired by the
pulse number acquisition section to the number of pulses
corresponding to the percentage with respect to the maximum heart
rate reserve in the table so as to acquire the exercise
intensity.
4. The exercise condition detection apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein when the exercise intensity falls within a predetermined
range and the step number information is not less than a first
threshold, the determination section determines that the exercise
condition is an aerobic exercise condition.
5. The exercise condition detection apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein when the step number information is not more than a second
threshold, the determination section determines that the exercise
condition is a resting condition.
6. The exercise condition detection apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein in the case where the step number information acquisition
section is configured to acquire the step number information using
a vibration sensor, when the exercise intensity acquired by the
exercise intensity acquisition section is not more than a third
threshold, the determination section determines the exercise
condition with the number of steps acquired by the step number
information acquisition section taken as 0.
7. The exercise condition detection apparatus according to claim 1,
comprising a notification section that issues a notification about
information based on the exerdse condition determined by the
determination section.
8. A computer-readable medium having recorded thereon an exercise
condition detection program, which when executed by a computer,
causes the computer to execute a process comprising: acquiring
exercise intensity; acquiring step number information representing
the number of steps per a unit time; and determining the exercise
condition based on the exercise intensity acquired and the step
number information acquired.
9. The computer-readable medium according to claim 8, wherein the
process further comprises: acquiring the number of pulses to
acquire the exercise intensity based on the number of pulses
acquired.
10. The computer-readable medium according to claim 9, wherein the
exercise intensity is acquired by referring a table associating the
number of pulses corresponding to the percentage with respect to
the maximum heart rate reserve and the exercise intensity and
relating the number of pulses acquired to the number of pulses
corresponding to the percentage with respect to the maximum heart
rate reserve in the table.
11. The computer-readable medium according to claim 8, wherein when
the exercise intensity falls within a predetermined range and the
step number information is not less than a first threshold, the
exercise condition is determined as an aerobic exercise
condition.
12. The computer-readable medium according to claim 8, wherein when
the step number information is not more than a second threshold,
the exercise condition is determined as a resting condition.
13. The computer-readable medium according to claim 8, wherein in
the case where the step number information is acquired in the form
of a vibration signal detected by a vibration sensor, when the
exercise intensity is not more than a third threshold, the exercise
condition is determined that the number of steps acquired is 0.
14. The computer-readable medium according to claim 8, wherein the
process further comprises: notifying an information based on the
exercise condition determined.
15. An exercise condition detection method that detects a physical
exercise condition and allows a computer to execute, comprising:
acquiring exercise intensity; acquiring step number information
representing the number of steps per a unit time; and determining
the exercise condition based on the exercise intensity acquired and
the step number information acquired.
16. The exercise condition detection method according to claim 15,
further comprising acquiring the number of pulses to acquire the
exercise intensity based on the number of pulses acquired.
17. The exercise condition detection method according to claim 16,
wherein the exercise intensity is acquired by referring a table
associating the number of pulses corresponding to the percentage
with respect to the maximum heart rate reserve and the exercise
intensity and relating the number of pulses acquired to the number
of pulses corresponding to the percentage with respect to the
maximum heart rate reserve in the table.
18. The exercise condition detection method according to claim 15,
wherein when the exercise intensity falls within a predetermined
range and the step number information is not less than a first
threshold, the exercise condition is determined as an aerobic
exercise condition.
19. The exercise condition detection method according to claim 15,
wherein when the step number information is not more than a second
threshold, the exercise condition is determined as a resting
condition.
20. The exercise condition detection method according to claim 15,
wherein in the case where the step number information is acquired
in the form of a vibration signal detected by a vibration sensor,
when the exercise intensity is not more than a third threshold, the
exercise condition is determined that the number of steps acquired
is 0.
Description
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application is a continuation application, filed under
35 U.S.C. .sctn.111(a), of PCT Application No. PCT/JP2007/055499,
filed Mar. 19, 2007, the disclosure of which is herein incorporated
in its entirety by reference.
FILED
[0002] The present invention relates to an exercise condition
detection apparatus, an exercise condition detection program, and
an exercise condition detection method that determine a physical
exercise condition based on the number of steps per a unit time and
exercise intensity.
BACKGROUND
[0003] For the purpose of preventing lifestyle-related diseases, a
portable pedometer or pulse meter is used to measure the number of
steps or confirm the number of pulses during exercise.
[0004] An ongoing aerobic exercise, which is an exercise during
which one continually breathes, is considered to be effective for
prevention of the life-style diseases. However, it is impossible to
correctly determine the current exercise condition (aerobic
exercise condition, resting condition) based on only the number of
steps or based on only the number of pulses. In order to correctly
determine the current exercise condition, it is preferable to
combine the number of steps and exercise intensity based on the
number of pulses. However, there has not existed a portable
exercise condition detection apparatus that detects the exercise
condition based on the combination of the number of steps and
exercise intensity.
[0005] For example, a user is generally in a resting condition in a
train. However, in a circumstance where a vibration is generated
when the train is running, a conventional pedometer erroneously
counts the vibration as the number of steps.
[0006] As a prior art relating to the present invention, there is
known a continuous blood pressure measuring method. In this method,
a patient wears a portable sphygmomanometer, pedometer, and heart
rate meter all day long and periodically transfers measurements to
an information management server by use of a data communicating
function of a mobile phone so as to determine the health of the
patient from a correlation between fluctuation of blood pressure,
the count of the pedometer, and heart rate.
[Patent Document 1: Japanese Laid-open Patent Publication No.
2000-333918]
SUMMARY
[0007] Accordingly, it is an object in one aspect of the embodiment
to provide an exercise condition detection apparatus that detects a
physical exercise condition, including: an exercise intensity
acquisition section that acquires exercise intensity; a step number
information acquisition section that acquires step number
information representing the number of steps per a unit time; and a
determination section that determines the exercise condition based
on the exercise intensity acquired by the exercise intensity
acquisition section and step number information acquired by the
step number information acquisition section.
[0008] The object and advantages of the invention will be realized
and attained by means of the elements and combinations particularly
pointed out in the claims.
[0009] It is to be understood that both the foregoing general
description and the following detailed description are exemplary
and explanatory and are not restrictive of the invention, as
claimed.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0010] FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a
configuration of an exercise condition detection apparatus
according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[0011] FIG. 2 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a
processing flow (initialization processing) in the exercise
condition detection apparatus according to the present
embodiment.
[0012] FIG. 3 is a view illustrating an example of a configuration
of a table according to the present embodiment, which depicts a
correspondence relation between the percentage with respect to the
maximum heart rate reserve and exercise intensity.
[0013] FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a
processing flow (determination processing) in the exercise
condition detection apparatus according to the present
embodiment.
DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENT
[0014] As described previously, Since the method disclosed in a
prior art aims to manage the health, it may not determine the
current exercise condition (aerobic exercise condition, resting
condition). Further, the method disclosed in a prior art does not
consider at all the above mentioned problem of the erroneous
counting of the number of steps in a resting condition of the body
of the user.
[0015] This embodiment has been made to solve the above problems
and an object thereof is to provide an exercise condition detection
apparatus, an exercise condition detection program, and an exercise
condition detection method that determine a physical exercise
condition.
[0016] First, with reference to a block diagram of FIG. 1, a
configuration of an exercise condition detection apparatus of the
present embodiment will be described. Although an exercise
condition detection apparatus 1 according to the present embodiment
is a mobile terminal typified by a mobile phone, any apparatus may
be used as the exercise condition detection apparatus 1 as long as
it can include a configuration according to the present
embodiment.
[0017] The exercise condition detection apparatus 1 includes a
pulse number calculation section 2, an exercise intensity
calculation section 3, a determination section 4, a step number
calculation section 5, a storage section 6, a notification section
7, a pulse number measurement device 10, and a step number
measurement device 11.
[0018] The pulse number measurement device 10 acquires the pulse in
the form of a signal so as to measure the pulse number. The pulse
number measurement device 10 according to the present embodiment
measures the pulse at an earlobe of a user. More specifically, an
ear clip is attached to the use's earlobe. The ear clip irradiates
the earlobe with an infrared ray, and the pulse number measurement
device 10 acquires a pulse signal corresponding to a transmitted
light of the infrared ray to thereby measure the pulse. The
communication between the pulse number measurement device 10 and
the ear clip may be made over a wired link or wireless link.
[0019] In place of the pulse number measurement device using the
ear clip, it is possible to employ a pulse number measurement
device that uses a camera incorporated in the exercise condition
detection apparatus 1 and samples images picked up by the camera to
measure the pulse or a pulse number measurement device that uses a
clip to be attached to a finger so as to irradiate the finger with
an infrared ray to acquire the pulse from the finger.
[0020] The step number measurement device 11 is a vibration sensor
and measures the number of vibrations as the number of steps. There
is known a mobile phone that incorporates the vibration sensor to
measure the number of vibrations as the number of steps. Also in
the step number measurement device 11 according to the present
embodiment, the vibration sensor is incorporated in the exercise
condition detection apparatus 1.
[0021] The pulse number calculation section 2 calculates the number
of pulse signals (the number of pulses) per one minute (=pulse
rate) based on the pulse signal measured by the pulse number
measurement device 10.
[0022] The exercise intensity calculation section 3 calculates the
exercise intensity (METs) based on the number of pulses calculated
by the pulse number calculation section 2.
[0023] The exercise intensity (METs) is a scale representing the
oxygen consumption in the body during or immediately after an
exercise caused by training or the like. More specifically, the
exercise intensity (METs) represents how much larger is the current
oxygen consumption is compared to oxygen consumption measured in a
resting condition (METs=1) (condition in which a user is kept quiet
on a chair for several minutes, condition in which the user is in
good physical health, and condition in which the user feels
relaxed). For example, in the case where the current oxygen
consumption is double the oxygen consumption measured in a resting
condition, 2 is obtained as the exercise intensity (METs).
[0024] The step number calculation section 5 calculates the number
of steps (step number information) per one minute based on the
number of steps acquired from the step number measurement device
11.
[0025] The determination section 4 determines the current exercise
condition based on the exercise intensity calculated by the
exercise intensity calculation section 3 and step number
information calculated by the step number calculation section
5.
[0026] The storage section 6 acquires, as an initial value, the
number of pulses at rest and age of the user. Further, the storage
section 6 calculates the number of pulses corresponding to the
percentage with respect to user's maximum heart rate reserve based
on the acquired number of pulses at rest and age and creates and
retains a table associating the number of pulses corresponding to
the percentage with respect to user's maximum heart rate reserve
with exercise intensity.
[0027] The notification section 7 notifies the user of information
based on the exercise condition determined by the determination
section 4 together with the number of pulses and step number
information.
[0028] A processing flow in the exercise condition detection
apparatus 1 according to the present embodiment will next be
described.
[0029] First, initialization processing performed in the exercise
condition detection apparatus 1 will be described with reference to
a flowchart of FIG. 2. The initialization processing refers to
processing up to the point where the storage section 6 creates and
retains the table associating the number of pulses corresponding to
the percentage with respect to user's maximum heart rate reserve
with exercise intensity.
[0030] The storage section 6 acquires the age of the user and the
number of pulses at rest that has previously been measured by the
user (step S1). The number of pulses at rest is the number of
pulses per one minute in a resting condition.
[0031] The storage section 6 then uses the acquired age and number
of pulses at rest to calculate the number of pulses corresponding
to the percentage with respect to the maximum heart rate reserve
(step S2).
[0032] Here, the maximum heart rate reserve will be described. It
is said that the upper limit of the heart beats per one minute
(maximum heart rate) is (220-age). By referring to a value obtained
by subtracting the number of pulses at rest from the maximum heart
rate, it is possible to grasp the reserve (remaining) beating
capacity of the heart. This reserve beating capacity of the heart
is referred to as the maximum heart rate reserve.
[0033] The storage section 6 calculates the number of pulses
corresponding to the percentage with respect to the maximum heart
rate reserve using the following equation.
Number of pulses corresponding to percentage with respect to
maximum heart rate reserve=number of pulses at
rest+((220-age)-number of pulses at rest).times.(X/100)
(where X is percentage (%) to be calculated)
[0034] Then, based on a correspondence relation between the
percentage with respect to the maximum heart rate reserve and
exercise intensity, the storage section 6 creates and retains a
table associating the number of pulses corresponding to the
percentage with respect to user's maximum heart rate reserve
obtained in step S2 with exercise intensity (step S3). The
correspondence relation between the percentage (%) with respect to
the maximum heart rate reserve and exercise intensity (METs) has
previously been defined according to an empirical rule. For
example, in the case where the percentage with respect to the
maximum heart rate reserve is not more than 14%, the exercise
intensity is 1 (METs), and in the case where the percentage with
respect to the maximum heart rate reserve is the 50% level, the
exercise intensity is 3.0 (METs).
[0035] FIG. 3 is a table illustrating an example of the
correspondence relation among the percentage with respect to the
maximum heart rate reserve, the number of pulses corresponding to
the maximum heart rate reserve (which is written merely as "number
of pulses" in FIG. 3), and exercise intensity. In the table
illustrated in FIG. 3, the number of pulses at rest is set to 80
and user's age is set to 34. For example, in the case where the
number of pulses is not more than 95, the exercise intensity is 1.0
(METs), and in the case where the number of pulses is in the range
of 133 to 142, the exercise intensity is 3.0 (METs).
[0036] The table (hereinafter, referred to as "correspondence
table") associating the percentage with respect to the maximum
heart rate reserve and exercise intensity is stored in the storage
section 6. The exercise intensity calculation section 3 calculates
the exercise intensity by relating the current number of pulses to
the number of pulses in the correspondence table.
[0037] After the creation of the correspondence table by the
storage section 6 and thus initialization processing has been
completed, the exercise condition detection apparatus 1 measures
the actual number of steps and actual number of pulses so as to
determine the exercise condition. FIG. 4 is a flowchart
illustrating the determination processing of the exercise
condition. In the case where the number of pulses and step number
information have properly been acquired, the exercise condition
detection apparatus 1 performs the exercise condition determination
processing (processing from step S10 to step S23) at intervals of
one second.
[0038] Upon receiving the number of pulses in the form of a signal
from the pulse number measurement device 10, the pulse number
calculation section 2 calculates the pulse rate as the number of
pulses per one minute (step S10). The step number calculation
section 5 acquires the number of steps from the step number
measurement device and calculates the step number information as
the number of steps per one minute (step S11). The pulse number
calculation section 2 may adopt the number of pulses counted for
one minute as the number of pulses per one minute. Alternatively,
the pulse number calculation section 2 may measure the number of
pulses for predetermined seconds (e.g., 6 seconds) and multiply the
number of pulses measured for the predetermined seconds by a value
(10, in the case of 6 seconds). The predetermined second is
multiplied by which in order to obtain one minute to calculate the
number of pulses per one minute. The step number calculation
section 5 may calculate the step number information in the same
manner.
[0039] Then, the exercise intensity calculation section 3 uses the
correspondence table stored in the storage section 6 to calculate
the exercise intensity corresponding to the number of pulses
actually measured.
[0040] Based on the step number information and exercise intensity,
the determination section 4 performs determination processing. It
is only necessary for the step number information and exercise
intensity to be prepared as data before the determination section 4
starts the determination processing. Thus, the calculation order of
the step number information and exercise intensity does not matter.
The determination section 4 acquires the number of pulses as
additional information of the exercise intensity from the exercise
intensity calculation section 3 for notification to the user.
[0041] The determination section 4 determines whether the step
number information is not less than 60 (steps/minute) (step S13).
When the step number information is not less than 60 (steps/minute)
(Yes in step S13), the determination section 4 determines whether
the exercise intensity is not less than 2.5 (METs) (step S14). When
the exercise intensity is not less than 2.5 (METs) (Yes in step
S14), the determination section 4 determines whether the exercise
intensity is not more than 3.0 (METs) (step S15). When the exercise
intensity is not more than 3.0 (METs) (Yes in step S15), i.e.,
since the step number information is not less than 60
(steps/minute) (first threshold) and exercise intensity is in the
range (predetermined range) of 2.5 (METs) to 3.0 (METs), the
determination section 4 determines that the user is performing
moderate aerobic exercise (step S17).
[0042] It is said that the exercise intensity is 2.0 (METs) when
one takes 60 steps for one minute with a 50 cm-stride. Based on
this information, the determination section 4 performs the
processing of step S13 with the step number information of 60
(steps/minute) set as a criterion. However, this value is an
example but is not obligatory. For example, the determination
section 4 may set the criterion as to the step number Information
of step S13 to a numerical value, such as average walking or
running speed of an adult person, at which it can empirically be
determined whether one is performing moderate exercise. Further,
the exercise intensity based on which it is determined that the
user is performing moderate aerobic exercise is not limited to the
above range (from 2.5 (METs) to 3.0 (METs)) but may fall within a
range where it can empirically be determined that one is performing
moderate exercise.
[0043] When the exercise intensity is more than 3.0 (METs) (No in
step S15), i.e., since the step number information is not less than
60 (steps/minute) and exercise intensity is more than 3.0 (METs),
the determination section 4 determines that the user is in an
exercise condition (anaerobic exercise) where he is not breathing
appropriately due to an excessive exercise load on his body (step
S16).
[0044] When the exercise intensity is less than 2.5 (METs) (No in
step S14), the processing advances to step S18.
[0045] When the step number information is less than 60
(steps/minute) (No in step S13), the determination section 4
determines whether the step number information is not less than 1
(step/minute) (step S18). When the step number information is not
less than 1 (step/minute) (second threshold) (No in step S18), the
determination section 4 determines that the user is in a resting
condition (step S19). The criterion used in step S18 is not limited
to the above value of 1 (step/minute) but may be a value at which
it can empirically be determined that one is not in an exercising
condition. For example, a criterion may be set based on the average
walking speed of an adult person. In this case, the determination
section 4 determines that the user is in a resting condition when
the step number information is not more than the set criterion.
[0046] On the other hand, when the step number information is not
less than 1 (step/minute) (Yes in step S18), the determination
section 4 determines that the exercise intensity is not more than
1.0 (METs) (step S20). When the exercise intensity is not more than
1.0 (METS) (third threshold) (Yes in step S20), which means an
occurrence of an error count where the number of steps of the user
is counted although he is actually in a resting condition, the
determination section 4 does not count the number of steps (step
S21) and determines that the current condition is a resting
condition (step S19). Although the criterion used in step S20 is
set based on the fact that one is in a resting condition when the
exercise intensity is 1.0 (METs), the value of the criterion is not
limited to 1.0 (METs), but the determination section 4 may use for
the determination in step S20 any other criterion, if exists, based
on which it can empirically be determined that one is in a resting
condition.
[0047] When the exercise intensity is more than 1.0 (METs) (No in
step S20), i.e., since the step number information is not less than
1 (step/minute) but less than 60 (steps/minute) and the exercise
intensity is not less than 1.0 (METs), which means that the user is
not in a resting condition although he is not in an exercising
state, the determination section 4 determines that he is in a bad
health condition (or condition immediately after exercise) (step
S22).
[0048] The notification section 7 notifies the user of current step
number information, number of pulses, and information based on a
result of the determination (determination made based on step S16,
step S17, step S19, step S21, and step S22) made by the
determination section 4.
[0049] While the notification section 7 may notify the user of the
determination result using the above expressions (e.g., "aerobic
exercise condition", "anaerobic exercise condition", and the like),
the notification section 7 according to the present embodiment
notifies the user of the information based on the determination
result as guidance. For example, in the case of the anaerobic
exercise condition, the notification section 7 issues a
notification saying "Slow down your pace". In the case of the
aerobic exercise condition, the notification section 7 issues a
notification saying "Keep your pace". In the case of the resting
condition, the notification section 7 issues a notification saying
"Rest and relax". In the case of the bad health condition (or
condition immediately after exercise), the notification section 7
issues a notification saying "Rest up". The notification may be
made by outputting a sound or by displaying a character string.
[0050] Although the determination section 4 determines as "not less
than the criterion" and "not more than the criterion", it may
determine as "more than the criterion" and "less than the
criterion".
[0051] An exercise intensity acquisition section corresponds to the
exercise intensity calculation section 3 in the embodiment. A step
number information acquisition section corresponds to the step
number measurement device 11 and step number calculation section 5
in the embodiment. A pulse number acquisition section corresponds
to the pulse number measurement device 10 and pulse number
calculation section 2 in the embodiment.
[0052] A given functional block in the embodiment may include
another functional block or another device. For example, the
exercise intensity calculation section 3 may include the pulse
number measurement device 10 and pulse number calculation section
2.
[0053] Further, it is possible to provide a program that allows a
computer constituting the exercise condition detection apparatus to
execute the above steps as an exercise condition detection program.
By storing the above program in a computer-readable storage medium,
it is possible to allow the computer constituting the exercise
condition detection apparatus to execute the program. The
computer-readable storage medium mentioned here includes: an
internal storage device mounted in a computer, such as ROM or RAM,
a portable storage medium such as a CD-ROM, a flexible disk, a DVD
disk, a magneto-optical disk, or an IC card; a database that holds
computer program; another computer and database thereof; and a
transmission medium on a network line.
[0054] As described above, it is possible to determine the exercise
condition of a body based on the exercise intensity and number of
steps per a unit time.
[0055] All examples and conditional language recited herein are
intended for pedagogical purposes to aid the reader in
understanding the invention and the concepts contributed by the
inventor to furthering the art, and are to be construed as being
without limitation to such specifically recited examples and
conditions, nor does the organization of such examples in the
specification relate to a showing of the superiority and
inferiority of the invention. Although the embodiment(s) of the
present inventions have been described in detail, it should be
understood that the various changes, substitutions, and alterations
could be made hereto without departing from the spirit and scope of
the invention.
* * * * *