U.S. patent application number 11/517077 was filed with the patent office on 2009-12-24 for cotton cultivar dp 147 rf.
Invention is credited to William V. Hugie, Don L. Keim, Douglas B. Shoemaker.
Application Number | 20090320150 11/517077 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 41432724 |
Filed Date | 2009-12-24 |
United States Patent
Application |
20090320150 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Keim; Don L. ; et
al. |
December 24, 2009 |
COTTON CULTIVAR DP 147 RF
Abstract
A cotton cultivar, designated DP 147 RF, is disclosed. The
invention relates to the seeds of cotton cultivar DP 147 RF, to the
plants of cotton DP 147 RF and to methods for producing a cotton
plant produced by crossing the cultivar DP 147 RF with itself or
another cotton variety. The invention further relates to hybrid
cotton seeds and plants produced by crossing the cultivar DP 147 RF
with another cotton cultivar.
Inventors: |
Keim; Don L.; (Leland,
MS) ; Hugie; William V.; (Scott, MS) ;
Shoemaker; Douglas B.; (Benoit, MS) |
Correspondence
Address: |
JONDLE & ASSOCIATES P.C.
858 HAPPY CANYON ROAD SUITE 230
CASTLE ROCK
CO
80108
US
|
Family ID: |
41432724 |
Appl. No.: |
11/517077 |
Filed: |
September 7, 2006 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
800/263 ;
800/260; 800/264; 800/265; 800/278; 800/279; 800/281; 800/284;
800/300; 800/301; 800/302; 800/303; 800/312 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A01H 5/10 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
800/263 ;
800/312; 800/260; 800/278; 800/300; 800/279; 800/302; 800/301;
800/281; 800/284; 800/264; 800/265; 800/303 |
International
Class: |
A01H 5/00 20060101
A01H005/00; A01H 1/02 20060101 A01H001/02; C12N 15/82 20060101
C12N015/82; C12N 15/31 20060101 C12N015/31 |
Claims
1. A seed of cotton cultivar DP 147 RF, wherein a representative
sample of seed of said cultivar was deposited under ATCC Accession
No. PTA-7821.
2. A cotton plant, or a regenerable part thereof, produced by
growing the seed of claim 1.
3. A tissue culture of cells produced from the plant of claim 2,
wherein said cells of the tissue culture are produced from a plant
part selected from the group consisting of leaves, pollen, embryos,
cotyledons, hypocotyl, meristematic cells, roots, root tips,
pistils, anthers, flowers, and stems.
4. A protoplast produced from the plant of claim 2.
5. A protoplast produced from the tissue culture of claim 3.
6. A cotton plant regenerated from the tissue culture of claim 3,
wherein the plant has the morphological and physiological
characteristics of cultivar DP 147 RF listed in Table 1, wherein a
representative sample of seed was deposited under ATCC Accession
No. PTA-7821.
7. A method for producing an F.sub.1 hybrid cotton seed, wherein
the method comprises crossing the plant of claim 2 with a different
cotton plant and harvesting the resultant F.sub.1 hybrid cotton
seed.
8. A hybrid cotton seed produced by the method of claim 7.
9. A hybrid cotton plant, or a regenerable part thereof, produced
by growing said hybrid seed of claim 8.
10. A method of producing an herbicide resistant cotton plant,
wherein the method comprises transforming the cotton plant of claim
2 with a transgene wherein the transgene confers resistance to an
herbicide selected from the group consisting of imidazolinone,
sulfonylurea, glyphosate, glufosinate, L-phosphinothricin, triazine
and benzonitrile.
11. An herbicide resistant cotton plant produced by the method of
claim 10.
12. A method of producing an insect resistant cotton plant, wherein
the method comprises transforming the cotton plant of claim 2 with
a transgene that confers insect resistance.
13. An insect resistant cotton plant produced by the method of
claim 12.
14. The cotton plant of claim 13, wherein the transgene encodes a
Bacillus thuringiensis endotoxin.
15. A method of producing a disease resistant cotton plant, wherein
the method comprises transforming the cotton plant of claim 2 with
a transgene that confers disease resistance.
16. A disease resistant cotton plant produced by the method of
claim 15.
17. A method of producing a cotton plant with modified fatty acid
metabolism or modified carbohydrate metabolism, wherein the method
comprises transforming the cotton plant of claim 2 with a transgene
encoding a protein selected from the group consisting of phytase,
fructosyltransferase, levansucrase, .alpha.-amylase, invertase and
starch branching enzyme or encoding an antisense of stearyl-ACP
desaturase.
18. A cotton plant having modified fatty acid metabolism or
modified carbohydrate metabolism produced by the method of claim
17.
19. A method of introducing a desired trait into cotton cultivar DP
147 RF, wherein the method comprises: (a) crossing a DP 147 RF
plant, wherein a representative sample of seed was deposited under
ATCC Accession No. PTA-7821, with a plant of another cotton
cultivar that comprises a desired trait to produce progeny plants
wherein the desired trait is selected from the group consisting of
male sterility, herbicide resistance, insect resistance, modified
fatty acid metabolism, modified carbohydrate metabolism, and
resistance to bacterial disease, fungal disease or viral disease;
(b) selecting one or more progeny plants that have the desired
trait to produce selected progeny plants; (c) crossing the selected
progeny plants with the DP 147 RF plants to produce backcross
progeny plants; (d) selecting for backcross progeny plants that
have the desired trait and all of the physiological and
morphological characteristics of cotton cultivar DP 147 RF listed
in Table 1 to produce selected backcross progeny plants; and (e)
repeating steps (c) and (d) three or more times in succession to
produce selected fourth or higher backcross progeny plants that
comprise the desired trait and all of the physiological and
morphological characteristics of cotton cultivar DP 147 RF listed
in Table 1.
20. A cotton plant produced by the method of claim 19, wherein the
plant has the desired trait and all of the physiological and
morphological characteristics of cotton cultivar DP 147 RF listed
in Table 1.
21. The cotton plant of claim 20, wherein the desired trait is
herbicide resistance and the resistance is conferred to an
herbicide selected from the group consisting of imidazolinone,
sulfonylurea, glyphosate, glufosinate, L-phosphinothricin, triazine
and benzonitrile.
22. The cotton plant of claim 20, wherein the desired trait is
insect resistance and the insect resistance is conferred by a
transgene encoding a Bacillus thuringiensis endotoxin.
23. The cotton plant of claim 20, wherein the desired trait is
modified fatty acid metabolism or modified carbohydrate metabolism
and said desired trait is conferred by a nucleic acid encoding a
protein selected from the group consisting of phytase,
fructosyltransferase, levansucrase, .beta.-amylase, invertase and
starch branching enzyme or encoding an antisense of stearyl-ACP
desaturase.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0001] The present invention relates to a cotton (Gossypium) seed,
a cotton plant, a cotton cultivar and a cotton hybrid. This
invention further relates to a method for producing cotton seed and
plants. All publications cited in this application are herein
incorporated by reference.
[0002] There are numerous steps in the development of any novel,
desirable plant germplasm. Plant breeding begins with the analysis
and definition of problems and weaknesses of the current germplasm,
the establishment of program goals, and the definition of specific
breeding objectives. The next step is selection of germplasm that
possess the traits to meet the program goals. The goal is to
combine in a single cultivar an improved combination of desirable
traits from the parental germplasm. In cotton, the important traits
include higher fiber (lint) yield, earlier maturity, improved fiber
quality, resistance to diseases and insects, resistance to drought
and heat, and improved agronomic traits.
[0003] Choice of breeding or selection methods depends on the mode
of plant reproduction, the heritability of the trait(s) being
improved, and the type of cultivar used commercially (e.g., F.sub.1
hybrid cultivar, pureline cultivar, etc.). For highly heritable
traits, a choice of superior individual plants evaluated at a
single location will be effective, whereas for traits with low
heritability, selection should be based on mean values obtained
from replicated evaluations of families of related plants. Popular
selection methods commonly include pedigree selection, modified
pedigree selection, mass selection, and recurrent selection.
[0004] The complexity of inheritance influences choice of the
breeding method. Backcross breeding is used to transfer one or a
few favorable genes for a highly heritable trait into a desirable
cultivar. This approach has been used extensively for breeding
disease-resistant cultivars. Various recurrent selection techniques
are used to improve quantitatively inherited traits controlled by
numerous genes. The use of recurrent selection in self-pollinating
crops depends on the ease of pollination, the frequency of
successful hybrids from each pollination and the number of hybrid
offspring from each successful cross.
[0005] Each breeding program should include a periodic, objective
evaluation of the efficiency of the breeding procedure. Evaluation
criteria vary depending on the goal and objectives, but should
include gain from selection per year based on comparisons to an
appropriate standard, overall value of the advanced breeding lines,
and number of successful cultivars produced per unit of input
(e.g., per year, per dollar expended, etc.).
[0006] Promising advanced breeding lines are thoroughly tested and
compared to popular cultivars in environments representative of the
commercial target area(s) for three or more years. The best lines
having superiority over the popular cultivars are candidates to
become new commercial cultivars. Those lines still deficient in a
few traits are discarded or utilized as parents to produce new
populations for further selection.
[0007] These processes, which lead to the final step of marketing
and distribution, usually take from seven to twelve years from the
time the first cross is made. Therefore, development of new
cultivars is a time-consuming process that requires precise forward
planning, efficient use of resources, and a minimum of changes in
direction.
[0008] A most difficult task is the identification of individuals
that are genetically superior because, for most traits the true
genotypic value is masked by other confounding plant traits or
environmental factors. One method of identifying a superior plant
is to observe its performance relative to other experimental lines
and widely grown standard cultivars. For many traits a single
observation is inconclusive, and replicated observations over time
and space are required to provide a good estimate of a line's
genetic worth.
[0009] The goal of a commercial cotton breeding program is to
develop new, unique and superior cotton cultivars. The breeder
initially selects and crosses two or more parental lines, followed
by generation advancement and selection, thus producing many new
genetic combinations. The breeder can theoretically generate
billions of different genetic combinations via this procedure. The
breeder has no direct control over which genetic combinations will
arise in the limited population size which is grown. Therefore, two
breeders will never develop the same line having the same
traits.
[0010] Each year, the plant breeder selects the germplasm to
advance to the next generation. This germplasm is grown under
unique and different geographical, climatic and soil conditions,
and further selections are then made, during and at the end of the
growing season. The lines which are developed are unpredictable.
This unpredictability is because the breeder's selection occurs in
unique environments, with no control at the DNA level (using
conventional breeding procedures), and with millions of different
possible genetic combinations being generated. A breeder of
ordinary skill in the art cannot predict the final resulting lines
he develops, except possibly in a very gross and general fashion.
The same breeder cannot produce, with any reasonable likelihood,
the same cultivar twice by using the exact same original parents
and the same selection techniques. This unpredictability results in
the expenditure of large amounts of research moneys to develop
superior new cotton cultivars.
[0011] Pureline cultivars of cotton are commonly bred by
hybridization of two or more parents followed by selection. The
complexity of inheritance, the breeding objectives and the
available resources influence the breeding method. Pedigree
breeding, recurrent selection breeding and backcross breeding are
breeding methods commonly used in self pollinated crops such as
cotton. These methods refer to the manner in which breeding pools
or populations are made in order to combine desirable traits from
two or more cultivars or various broad-based sources. The
procedures commonly used for selection of desirable individuals or
populations of individuals are called mass selection, plant-to-row
selection and single seed descent or modified single seed descent.
One, or a combination of these selection methods, can be used in
the development of a cultivar from a breeding population.
[0012] Pedigree breeding is primarily used to combine favorable
genes into a totally new cultivar that is different in many traits
than either parent used in the original cross. It is commonly used
for the improvement of self-pollinating crops. Two parents which
possess favorable, complementary traits are crossed to produce an
F.sub.1 (filial generation 1). An F.sub.2 population is produced by
selfing F.sub.1 plants. Selection of desirable individual plants
may begin as early as the F.sub.2 generation wherein maximum gene
segregation occurs. Individual plant selection can occur for one or
more generations. Successively, seed from each selected plant can
be planted in individual, identified rows or hills, known as
progeny rows or progeny hills, to evaluate the line and to increase
the seed quantity, or, to further select individual plants. Once a
progeny row or progeny hill is selected as having desirable traits
it becomes what is known as a breeding line that is specifically
identifiable from other breeding lines that were derived from the
same original population. At an advanced generation (i.e., F.sub.5
or higher) seed of individual lines are evaluated in replicated
testing. At an advanced stage the best lines or a mixture of
phenotypically similar lines from the same original cross are
tested for potential release as new cultivars.
[0013] The single seed descent procedure in the strict sense refers
to planting a segregating population, harvesting one seed from
every plant, and combining these seeds into a bulk which is planted
the next generation. When the population has been advanced to the
desired level of inbreeding, the plants from which lines are
derived will each trace to different F.sub.2 individuals. Primary
advantages of the seed descent procedures are to delay selection
until a high level of homozygosity (e.g., lack of gene segregation)
is achieved in individual plants, and to move through these early
generations quickly, usually through using winter nurseries.
[0014] The modified single seed descent procedures involve
harvesting multiple seed (i.e., a single lock or a simple boll)
from each plant in a population and combining them to form a bulk.
Part of the bulk is used to plant the next generation and part is
put in reserve. This procedure has been used to save labor at
harvest and to maintain adequate seed quantities of the
population.
[0015] Selection for desirable traits can occur at any segregating
generation (F.sub.2 and above). Selection pressure is exerted on a
population by growing the population in an environment where the
desired trait is maximally expressed and the individuals or lines
possessing the trait can be identified. For instance, selection can
occur for disease resistance when the plants or lines are grown in
natural or artificially-induced disease environments, and the
breeder selects only those individuals having little or no disease
and are thus assumed to be resistant.
[0016] In addition to phenotypic observations, the genotype of a
plant can also be examined. There are many laboratory-based
techniques available for the analysis, comparison and
characterization of plant genotype; among these are Isozyme
Electrophoresis, Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms (RFLPs),
Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs), Arbitrarily Primed
Polymerase Chain Reaction (AP-PCR), DNA Amplification
Fingerprinting (DAF), Sequence Characterized Amplified Regions
(SCARs), Amplified Fragment Length polymorphisms (AFLPs), Simple
Sequence Repeats (SSRs--which are also referred to as
Microsatellites), and Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs).
[0017] Isozyme Electrophoresis and RFLPs have been widely used to
determine genetic composition. Shoemaker and Olsen, (Molecular
Linkage Map of Soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) p 6.131-6.138 in S.
J. O'Brien (ed) Genetic Maps: Locus Maps of Complex Genomes, Cold
Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y., (1993))
developed a molecular genetic linkage map that consisted of 25
linkage groups with about 365 RFLP, 11 RAPD and three classical
markers and four isozyme loci. See also, Shoemaker, R. C., RFLP Map
of Soybean, p 299-309, in Phillips, R. L. and Vasil, I. K. (eds.)
DNA-Based Markers in Plants, Kluwer Academic Press, Dordrecht, the
Netherlands (1994).
[0018] SSR technology is currently the most efficient and practical
marker technology; more marker loci can be routinely used and more
alleles per marker locus can be found using SSRs in comparison to
RFLPs. For example, Diwan and Cregan described a highly polymorphic
microsatellite locus in soybean with as many as 26 alleles. (Diwan,
N. and Cregan, P. B., Theor. Appl. Genet. 95:22-225, 1997.) SNPs
may also be used to identify the unique genetic composition of the
invention and progeny varieties retaining that unique genetic
composition. Various molecular marker techniques may be used in
combination to enhance overall resolution.
[0019] Molecular markers, which includes markers identified through
the use of techniques such as Isozyme Electrophoresis, RFLPs,
RAPDs, AP-PCR, DAF, SCARs, AFLPs, SSRs, and SNPs, may be used in
plant breeding. One use of molecular markers is Quantitative Trait
Loci (QTL) mapping. QTL mapping is the use of markers which are
known to be closely linked to alleles that have measurable effects
on a quantitative trait. Selection in the breeding process is based
upon the accumulation of markers linked to the positive effecting
alleles and/or the elimination of the markers linked to the
negative effecting alleles from the plant's genome.
[0020] Molecular markers can also be used during the breeding
process for the selection of qualitative traits. For example,
markers closely linked to alleles or markers containing sequences
within the actual alleles of interest can be used to select plants
that contain the alleles of interest during a backcrossing breeding
program. For example, molecular markers are used in soybean
breeding for selection of the trait of resistance to soybean cyst
nematode, see U.S. Pat. No. 6,162,967. The markers can also be used
to select toward the genome of the recurrent parent and against the
markers of the donor parent. Using this procedure can attempt to
minimize the amount of genome from the donor parent that remains in
the selected plants. It can also be used to reduce the number of
crosses back to the recurrent parent needed in a backcrossing
program. The use of molecular markers in the selection process is
often called Genetic Marker Enhanced Selection. Molecular markers
may also be used to identify and exclude certain sources of
germplasm as parental varieties or ancestors of a plant by
providing a means of tracking genetic profiles through crosses as
discussed more fully hereinafter.
[0021] Mutation breeding is another method of introducing new
traits into cotton varieties. Mutations that occur spontaneously or
are artificially induced can be useful sources of variability for a
plant breeder. The goal of artificial mutagenesis is to increase
the rate of mutation for a desired characteristic. Mutation rates
can be increased by many different means including temperature,
long-term seed storage, tissue culture conditions, radiation (such
as X-rays, Gamma rays, neutrons, Beta radiation, or ultraviolet
radiation), chemical mutagens (such as base analogues like
5-bromo-uracil), antibiotics, alkylating agents (such as sulfur
mustards, nitrogen mustards, epoxides, ethyleneamines, sulfates,
sulfonates, sulfones, or lactones), azide, hydroxylamine, nitrous
acid or acridines. Once a desired trait is observed through
mutagenesis the trait may then be incorporated into existing
germplasm by traditional breeding techniques. Details of mutation
breeding can be found in Principles of Cultivar Development by
Fehr, Macmillan Publishing Company, 1993.
[0022] The production of double haploids can also be used for the
development of homozygous varieties in a breeding program. Double
haploids are produced by the doubling of a set of chromosomes from
a heterozygous plant to produce a completely homozygous individual.
For example, see Wan et al., Theor. Appl. Genet., 77:889-892,
1989.
[0023] Descriptions of other breeding methods that are commonly
used for different traits and crops can be found in one of several
reference books (e.g., Allard, 1960; Simmonds, 1979; Sneep, et al.
1979; Fehr, 1987).
[0024] Proper testing should detect any major faults and establish
the level of superiority or improvement over current cultivars. In
addition to showing superior performance, there must be a demand
for a new cultivar that is compatible with industry standards or
which creates a new market. The introduction of a new cultivar will
incur additional costs to the seed producer, and the grower,
processor and consumer; for special advertising and marketing and
commercial production practices, and new product utilization. The
testing preceding the release of a new cultivar should take into
consideration research and development costs as well as technical
superiority of the final cultivar. For seed-propagated cultivars,
it must be feasible to produce seed easily and economically.
[0025] Cotton, including Gossypium hirsutum (Acala) and Gossypium
barbadense (Pima), is an important and valuable field crop. Thus, a
continuing goal of cotton plant breeders is to develop stable, high
yielding cotton cultivars of both cotton species that are
agronomically sound. The reasons for this goal are obviously to
maximize the amount and quality of the fiber produced on the land
used and to supply fiber, oil and food for animals and humans. To
accomplish this goal, the cotton breeder must select and develop
plants that have the traits that result in superior cultivars.
[0026] The development of new cotton cultivars requires the
evaluation and selection of parents and the crossing of these
parents. The lack of predictable success of a given cross requires
that a breeder, in any given year, make several crosses with the
same or different breeding objectives.
[0027] The cotton flower is monoecious in that the male and female
structures are in the same flower. The crossed or hybrid seed is
produced by manual crosses between selected parents. Floral buds of
the parent that is to be the female are emasculated prior to the
opening of the flower by manual removal of the male anthers. At
flowering, the pollen from flowers of the parent plants designated
as male, are manually placed on the stigma of the previous
emasculated flower. Seed developed from the cross is known as first
generation (F.sub.1) hybrid seed. Planting of this seed produces
F.sub.1 hybrid plants of which half their genetic component is from
the female parent and half from the male parent. Segregation of
genes begins at meiosis thus producing second generation (F.sub.2)
seed. Assuming multiple genetic differences between the original
parents, each F.sub.2 seed has a unique combination of genes.
[0028] The foregoing examples of the related art and limitations
related therewith are intended to be illustrative and not
exclusive. Other limitations of the related art will become
apparent to those of skill in the art upon a reading of the
specification.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0029] The following embodiments and aspects thereof are described
in conjunction with systems, tools, and methods which are meant to
be exemplary and illustrative, not limiting in scope. In various
embodiments, one or more of the above-described problems have been
reduced or eliminated, while other embodiments are directed to
other improvements.
[0030] The present invention relates to a cotton seed, a cotton
plant, a cotton cultivar and a method for producing a cotton
plant.
[0031] The present invention further relates to a method of
producing cotton seeds and plants by crossing a plant of the
instant invention with another cotton plant.
[0032] This invention further relates to the seeds of cotton
cultivar DP 147 RF, to the plants of cotton cultivar DP 147 RF and
to methods for producing a cotton plant produced by crossing the
cotton DP 147 RF with itself or another cotton cultivar. Thus, any
such methods using the cotton cultivar DP 147 RF are part of this
invention, including selfing, backcrosses, hybrid production,
crosses to populations, and the like.
[0033] In another aspect, the present invention provides for single
trait converted plants of DP 147 RF. The single transferred trait
may preferably be a dominant or recessive allele. Preferably, the
single transferred trait will confer such traits as herbicide
resistance, insect resistance, resistance for bacterial, fungal, or
viral disease, male fertility, male sterility, enhanced fiber
quality, and industrial usage. The single trait may be a naturally
occurring cotton gene or a transgene introduced through genetic
engineering techniques.
[0034] In another aspect, the present invention provides
regenerable cells for use in tissue culture of cotton plant DP 147
RF. The tissue culture will preferably be capable of regenerating
plants having the physiological and morphological characteristics
of the foregoing cotton plant, and of regenerating plants having
substantially the same genotype as the foregoing cotton plant.
Preferably, the regenerable cells in such tissue cultures will be
embryos, protoplasts, meristematic cells, callus, pollen, leaves,
anthers, pistils, roots, root tips, flowers, seeds, or stems. Still
further, the present invention provides cotton plants regenerated
from the tissue cultures of the invention.
[0035] In addition to the exemplary aspects and embodiments
described above, further aspects and embodiments will become
apparent by study of the following descriptions.
DEFINITIONS
[0036] In the description and tables which follow, a number of
terms are used. In order to provide a clear and consistent
understanding of the specification and claims, including the scope
to be given such terms, the following definitions are provided:
[0037] Allele. Allele is any of one or more alternative forms of a
gene, all of which alleles relate to one trait or characteristic.
In a diploid cell or organism, the two alleles of a given gene
occupy corresponding loci on a pair of homologous chromosomes.
[0038] Backcrossing. Backcrossing is a process in which a breeder
repeatedly crosses hybrid progeny back to one of the parents, for
example, a first generation hybrid F.sub.1 with one of the parental
genotypes of the F.sub.1 hybrid.
[0039] Disease Resistance. As used herein, the term "disease
resistance" is defined as the ability of plants to restrict the
activities of a specified pest, such as an insect, fungus, virus,
or bacterial.
[0040] Disease Tolerance. As used herein, the term "disease
tolerance" is defined as the ability of plants to endure a
specified pest (such as an insect, fungus, virus or bacteria) or an
adverse environmental condition and still perform and produce in
spite of this disorder.
[0041] Essentially all of the physiological and morphological
characteristics. Essentially all of the physiological and
morphological characteristics means a plant having essentially all
of the physiological and morphological characteristics of the
recurrent parent, except for the characteristics derived from the
converted trait.
[0042] Fallout (Fo). As used herein, the term "fallout" refers to
the rating of how much cotton has fallen on the ground at
harvest.
[0043] Fiber Elongation (E1). As used herein, the term "fiber
elongation" is defined as the measure of elasticity of a bundle of
fibers as measured by HVI.
[0044] Fiber Length (Len). As used herein, the term "fiber length"
is defined as 2.5% span length in inches of fiber as measured by
High Volume Instrumentation (HVI).
[0045] Fiber Strength (T1). As used herein, the term "fiber
strength" is defined as the force required to break a bundle of
fibers as measured in grams per millitex on the HVI.
[0046] Fruiting Nodes. As used herein, the term "fruiting nodes" is
defined as the number of nodes on the main stem from which arise
branches which bear fruit or bolls.
[0047] Gin Turnout. As used herein, the term "gin turnout" is
defined as a fraction of lint in a machine harvested sample of seed
cotton (lint, seed, and trash).
[0048] Lint/boll. As used herein, the term "lint/boll" is the
weight of lint per boll.
[0049] Lint Index. As used herein, the term "lint index" refers to
the weight of lint per seed in milligrams.
[0050] Lint Percent. As used herein, the term "lint percent" is
defined as the lint (fiber) fraction of seed cotton (lint and
seed). Also known as lint turnout.
[0051] Lint Yield. As used herein, the term "lint yield" is defined
as the measure of the quantity of fiber produced on a given unit of
land. Presented below in pounds of lint per acre.
[0052] Maturity. HVI machine rating which refers to the degree of
development of thickening of the fiber cell wall relative to the
perimeter or effective diameter of the fiber.
[0053] Maturity Rating (Mat). As used herein, the term "maturity
rating" is defined as a visual rating near harvest on the amount of
opened bolls on the plant.
[0054] Micronaire (Mic). As used herein, the term "micronaire" is
defined as a measure of the fineness of the fiber. Within a cotton
cultivar, micronaire is also a measure of maturity. Micronaire
differences are governed by changes in perimeter or in cell wall
thickness, or by changes in both. Within a cultivar, cotton
perimeter is fairly constant and maturity will cause a change in
micronaire. Consequently, micronaire has a high correlation with
maturity within a variety of cotton. Maturity is the degree of
development of cell wall thickness. Micronaire may not have a good
correlation with maturity between varieties of cotton having
different fiber perimeter. Micronaire values range from about 2.0
to 6.0:
TABLE-US-00001 Below 2.9 Very fine Possible small perimeter but
mature (good fiber), or large perimeter but immature (bad fiber).
2.9 to 3.7 Fine Various degrees of maturity and/or perimeter. 3.8
to 4.6 Average Average degree of maturity and/or perimeter. 4.7 to
5.5 Coarse Usually fully developed (mature), but larger perimeter.
5.6+ Very Fully developed, large-perimeter fiber. coarse
[0055] Plant Height (Hgt). As used herein, the term "plant height"
is defined as the average height in inches or centimeters of a
group of plants.
[0056] Seed/boll. As used herein, the term "seed/boll" refers to
the number of seeds per boll.
[0057] Seedcotton/boll. As used herein, the term "seedcotton/boll"
refers to the weight of seedcotton per boll.
[0058] Seedweight (Sdwt). As used herein, the term "seedweight" is
the weight of 100 seeds in grams. Also known as seed index.
[0059] Single trait Converted (Conversion). Single trait converted
(conversion) plant refers to plants which are developed by a plant
breeding technique called backcrossing or via genetic engineering
wherein essentially all of the desired morphological and
physiological characteristics of a variety are recovered in
addition to the single trait transferred into the variety via the
backcrossing technique or via genetic engineering.
[0060] Stringout Rating (So). As used herein, the term "stringout
rating" is defined as a visual rating prior to harvest of the
relative looseness of the seed cotton held in the boll structure on
the plant.
[0061] Uniformity Ratio (UR). As used herein, the term "uniformity
ratio" is defined as a measure of the relative length uniformity of
a bundle of fibers as measured by HVI.
[0062] Vegetative Nodes. As used herein, the term "vegetative
nodes" is defined as the number of nodes from the cotyledonary node
to the first fruiting branch on the main stem of the plant.
[0063] VRDP. As used herein, the term "VRDP" is defined as the
allele designation for the single dominant allele of the present
invention which confers virus resistance. VRDP designates "Virus
Resistance Deltapine".
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0064] Cultivar DP 147 RF is a picker-type upland variety. The
picker-type varieties as a group are distinguished from stripper
varieties primarily by a more open or loose boll type. The
picker-type varieties are distinguished from Acala-type varieties
primarily by earlier maturity, higher heat tolerance, shorter fiber
length, and lower fiber strength.
[0065] The cultivar has shown uniformity and stability, as
described in the following Variety Description Information. It has
been self-pollinated a sufficient number of generations with
careful attention to uniformity of plant type. The cultivar has
been increased with continued observation to uniformity.
[0066] Cotton cultivar DP 147 RF has the following morphologic and
other characteristics.
TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 1 VARIETY DESCRIPTION INFORMATION Species:
Gossypium hirsutum L. General: Plant Habit: Intermediate Foliage:
Dense Stem Lodging: Erect Fruiting Branch: Normal Growth:
Intermediate Leaf Color: Medium green Boll Shape: Length greater
than width Boll Breadth: Broadest at middle Maturity: % open bolls
on rating date: 136 Plant: Cm to 1st Fruiting Branch (from
cotyledonary node): 17.7 cm No. of Nodes to 1st Fruiting Branch
(excluding cotyledonary node): 5.1 Mature Plant Height (from
cotyledonary node to terminal): 96.4 cm Leaf (Upper-most, fully
expanded leaf): Type: Normal Pubescence: Medium Nectaries: Present
Stem Pubescence: Intermediate Glands: Leaf: Normal Stem: Normal
Calyx lobe: Normal Flower: Petals: Cream Pollen: Cream Petal spot:
Absent Seed: Seed Index (g/100 seed, fuzzy basis): 10.59 Lint Index
(g lint/100 seeds): 7.22 Boll: Gin turnout, picked: 36.85 Number of
seeds per boll: 32.5 Grams seed cotton per boll: 5.7 Number of
locules per boll: 4 to 5 Boll Type: Open Fiber Properties: Method
(HVI or other): HVI Length (inches, 2.5% SL): 1.183 Uniformity (%):
82.76 Strength, T1 (g/tex): 29.96 Elongation, E1 (%): 11.64
Micronaire: 3.97 Diseases: Fusarium Wilt: Resistant Verticillium
Wilt: Moderately resistant Nematodes, Insects and Pests: Root-Knot
Nematode: Moderately resistant
[0067] In addition to the morphological characteristics described
above, cotton cultivar DP 147 RF has the following characteristics,
for which there are significant differences from the comparison
variety, DP 494 RR, at the 5% level of probability or less. As
shown in Table 2 below, cotton cultivar DP 147 RF is compared to
commercial cotton cultivar DP 494 RR for lint percentage, fiber
micronaire, fiber length, uniformity, fiber strength, elongation,
Verticillium Wilt percent and the insertion of transgenes (gene
insertions 88913 and gene insertion 1445 causes plants to be
tolerant to the herbicide ROUNDUP). Cotton cultivar DP 494 RR is
similar to cotton cultivar DP 147 RF, however there are numerous
differences between the two cultivars. In comparison, cotton
cultivar DP 147 RF differs from cotton cultivar DP 494 RR in lint
percentage, fiber micronaire, fiber length, uniformity, fiber
strength, elongation, Verticillium Wilt percent and the insertion
of transgenes. As can be seen in Table 2, there are numerous
significant differences from the comparison cultivar at the 5%
probability level or less.
TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 2 Trait DP 147 RF DP 493 Probability Gene
insertion 88913 Present Absent Gene insertion 1445 Absent Present
Lint percent 36.85 37.62 <0.0001 Fiber micronaire 3.97 4.40
<0.0001 Fiber length 1.183 1.167 <0.0001 Uniformity 82.76
83.53 <0.0001 Fiber strength 29.96 31.92 <0.0001 Elongation
11.64 12.75 0.0005 Verticillium Wilt 10.00 11.67 0.0019 percent
[0068] This invention is also directed to methods for producing a
cotton plant by crossing a first parent cotton plant with a second
parent cotton plant, wherein the first or second cotton plant is
the cotton plant from the cultivar DP 147 RF. Further, both the
first and second parent cotton plants may be the cultivar DP 147 RF
(e.g., self-pollination). Therefore, any methods using the cultivar
DP 147 RF are part of this invention: selfing, backcrosses, hybrid
breeding, and crosses to populations. Any plants produced using
cultivar DP 147 RF as a parent are within the scope of this
invention. As used herein, the term "plant" includes plant cells,
plant protoplasts, plant cells of tissue culture from which cotton
plants can be regenerated, plant calli, plant clumps, and plant
cells that are intact in plants or parts of plants, such as pollen,
flowers, embryos, ovules, seeds, leaves, stems, roots, anthers,
pistils, and the like. Thus, another aspect of this invention is to
provide for cells which upon growth and differentiation produce a
cultivar having essentially all of the physiological and
morphological characteristics of DP 147 RF.
[0069] The present invention contemplates a cotton plant
regenerated from a tissue culture of a cultivar (e.g., DP 147 RF)
or hybrid plant of the present invention. As is well known in the
art, tissue culture of cotton can be used for the in vitro
regeneration of a cotton plant. Tissue culture of various tissues
of cotton and regeneration of plants therefrom is well known and
widely published.
Further Embodiments of the Invention
[0070] With the advent of molecular biological techniques that have
allowed the isolation and characterization of genes that encode
specific protein products, scientists in the field of plant biology
developed a strong interest in engineering the genome of plants to
contain and express foreign genes, or additional, or modified
versions of native, or endogenous, genes (perhaps driven by
different promoters) in order to alter the traits of a plant in a
specific manner. Such foreign additional and/or modified genes are
referred to herein collectively as "transgenes". Over the last
fifteen to twenty years several methods for producing transgenic
plants have been developed, and the present invention, in
particular embodiments, also relates to transformed versions of the
claimed cultivar.
[0071] Plant transformation involves the construction of an
expression vector which will function in plant cells. Such a vector
comprises DNA comprising a gene under control of or operatively
linked to a regulatory element (for example, a promoter). The
expression vector may contain one or more such operably linked
gene/regulatory element combinations. The vector(s) may be in the
form of a plasmid, and can be used alone or in combination with
other plasmids, to provide transformed cotton plants, using
transformation methods as described below to incorporate transgenes
into the genetic material of the cotton plant(s).
Expression Vectors for Cotton Transformation: Marker Genes
[0072] Expression vectors include at least one genetic marker,
operably linked to a regulatory element (a promoter, for example)
that allows transformed cells containing the marker to be either
recovered by negative selection, i.e., inhibiting growth of cells
that do not contain the selectable marker gene, or by positive
selection, i.e., screening for the product encoded by the genetic
marker. Many commonly used selectable marker genes for plant
transformation are well known in the transformation arts, and
include, for example, genes that code for enzymes that
metabolically detoxify a selective chemical agent which may be an
antibiotic or an herbicide, or genes that encode an altered target
which is insensitive to the inhibitor. A few positive selection
methods are also known in the art.
[0073] One commonly used selectable marker gene for plant
transformation is the neomycin phosphotransferase II (nptII),
which, when under the control of plant regulatory signals confers
resistance to kanamycin. Fraley et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.
U.S.A., 80:4803 (1983). Another commonly used selectable marker
gene is the hygromycin phosphotransferase gene which confers
resistance to the antibiotic hygromycin. Vanden Eizen et al., Plant
Mol. Biol., 5:299 (1985).
[0074] Additional selectable marker genes of bacterial origin that
confer resistance to antibiotics include gentamycin acetyl
transferase, streptomycin phosphotransferase, and
aminoglycoside-3'-adenyl transferase, the bleomycin resistance
determinant. Hayford et al., Plant Physiol. 86:1216 (1988), Jones
et al., Mol. Gen. Genet., 210:86 (1987), Svab et al., Plant Mol.
Biol. 14:197 (1990) Hille et al., Plant Mol. Biol. 7:171 (1986).
Other selectable marker genes confer resistance to herbicides such
as glyphosate, glufosinate or bromoxynil. Comai et al., Nature
317:741-744 (1985), Gordon-Kamm et al., Plant Cell 2:603-618 (1990)
and Stalker et al., Science 242:419-423 (1988).
[0075] Other selectable marker genes for plant transformation that
are not of bacterial origin include, for example, mouse
dihydrofolate reductase, plant 5-enolpyruvyl-shikimate-3-phosphate
synthase and plant acetolactate synthase. Eichholtz et al., Somatic
Cell Mol. Genet. 13:67 (1987), Shah et al., Science 233:478 (1986),
Charest et al., Plant Cell Rep. 8:643 (1990).
[0076] Another class of marker genes for plant transformation
requires screening of presumptively transformed plant cells rather
than direct genetic selection of transformed cells for resistance
to a toxic substance such as an antibiotic. These genes are
particularly useful to quantify or visualize the spatial pattern of
expression of a gene in specific tissues and are frequently
referred to as reporter genes because they can be fused to a gene
or gene regulatory sequence for the investigation of gene
expression. Commonly used genes for screening presumptively
transformed cells include .beta.-glucuronidase (GUS),
.beta.-galactosidase, luciferase and chloramphenicol
acetyltransferase. Jefferson, R. A., Plant Mol. Biol. Rep. 5:387
(1987), Teeri et al., EMBO J. 8:343 (1989), Koncz et al., Proc.
Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 84:131 (1987), DeBlock et al., EMBO J.
3:1681 (1984).
[0077] In vivo methods for visualizing GUS activity that do not
require destruction of plant tissue are available. Molecular Probes
publication 2908, IMAGENE GREEN, p. 1-4 (1993) and Naleway et al.,
J. Cell Biol. 115:151a (1991). However, these in vivo methods for
visualizing GUS activity have not proven useful for recovery of
transformed cells because of low sensitivity, high fluorescent
backgrounds and limitations associated with the use of luciferase
genes as selectable markers.
[0078] More recently, a gene encoding Green Fluorescent Protein
(GFP) has been utilized as a marker for gene expression in
prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Chalfie et al., Science 263:802
(1994). GFP and mutants of GFP may be used as screenable
markers.
Expression Vectors for Cotton Transformation: Promoters
[0079] Genes included in expression vectors must be driven by a
nucleotide sequence comprising a regulatory element, for example, a
promoter. Several types of promoters are now well known in the
transformation arts, as are other regulatory elements that can be
used alone or in combination with promoters.
[0080] As used herein, "promoter" includes reference to a region of
DNA upstream from the start of transcription and involved in
recognition and binding of RNA polymerase and other proteins to
initiate transcription. A "plant promoter" is a promoter capable of
initiating transcription in plant cells. Examples of promoters
under developmental control include promoters that preferentially
initiate transcription in certain tissues, such as leaves, roots,
seeds, fibers, xylem vessels, tracheids, or sclerenchyma. Such
promoters are referred to as "tissue-preferred". Promoters which
initiate transcription only in certain tissue are referred to as
"tissue-specific". A "cell type" specific promoter primarily drives
expression in certain cell types in one or more organs, for
example, vascular cells in roots or leaves. An "inducible" promoter
is a promoter which is under environmental control. Examples of
environmental conditions that may effect transcription by inducible
promoters include anaerobic conditions or the presence of light.
Tissue-specific, tissue-preferred, cell type specific, and
inducible promoters constitute the class of "non-constitutive"
promoters. A "constitutive" promoter is a promoter which is active
under most environmental conditions.
[0081] A. Inducible Promoters--An inducible promoter is operably
linked to a gene for expression in cotton. Optionally, the
inducible promoter is operably linked to a nucleotide sequence
encoding a signal sequence which is operably linked to a gene for
expression in cotton. With an inducible promoter the rate of
transcription increases in response to an inducing agent.
[0082] Any inducible promoter can be used in the instant invention.
See Ward et al., Plant Mol. Biol. 22:361-366 (1993). Exemplary
inducible promoters include, but are not limited to, that from the
ACEI system which responds to copper (Mett et al., PNAS
90:4567-4571 (1993)); In2 gene from maize which responds to
benzenesulfonamide herbicide safeners (Hershey et al., Mol. Gen.
Genetics 227:229-237 (1991) and Gatz et al., Mol. Gen. Genetics
243:32-38 (1994)) or Tet repressor from Tn10 (Gatz et al., Mol.
Gen. Genetics 227:229-237 (1991)). A particularly preferred
inducible promoter is a promoter that responds to an inducing agent
to which plants do not normally respond. An exemplary inducible
promoter is the inducible promoter from a steroid hormone gene, the
transcriptional activity of which is induced by a
glucocorticosteroid hormone (Schena et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.
U.S.A. 88:0421 (1991)).
[0083] B. Constitutive Promoters--A constitutive promoter is
operably linked to a gene for expression in cotton or the
constitutive promoter is operably linked to a nucleotide sequence
encoding a signal sequence which is operably linked to a gene for
expression in cotton.
[0084] Many different constitutive promoters can be utilized in the
instant invention. Exemplary constitutive promoters include, but
are not limited to, the promoters from plant viruses such as the
35S promoter from CaMV (Odell et al., Nature 313:810-812 (1985))
and the promoters from such genes as rice actin (McElroy et al.,
Plant Cell 2:163-171 (1990)); ubiquitin (Christensen et al., Plant
Mol. Biol. 12:619-632 (1989) and Christensen et al., Plant Mol.
Biol. 18:675-689 (1992)); pEMU (Last et al., Theor. Appl. Genet.
81:581-588 (1991)); MAS (Velten et al., EMBO J. 3:2723-2730 (1984))
and maize H3 histone (Lepetit et al., Mol. Gen. Genetics
231:276-285 (1992) and Atanassova et al., Plant Journal 2 (3):
291-300 (1992)).
[0085] The ALS promoter, Xba1/NcoI fragment 5' to the Brassica
napus ALS3 structural gene (or a nucleotide sequence similarity to
said Xba1/NcoI fragment), represents a particularly useful
constitutive promoter. See PCT application WO 96/30530.
[0086] C. Tissue-specific or Tissue-preferred Promoters--A
tissue-specific promoter is operably linked to a gene for
expression in cotton. Optionally, the tissue-specific promoter is
operably linked to a nucleotide sequence encoding a signal sequence
which is operably linked to a gene for expression in cotton. Plants
transformed with a gene of interest operably linked to a
tissue-specific promoter produce the protein product of the
transgene exclusively, or preferentially, in a specific tissue.
[0087] Any tissue-specific or tissue-preferred promoter can be
utilized in the instant invention. Exemplary tissue-specific or
tissue-preferred promoters include, but are not limited to, a
root-preferred promoter--such as that from the phaseolin gene
(Murai et al., Science 23:476-482 (1983) and Sengupta-Gopalan et
al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 82:3320-3324 (1985)); a
leaf-specific and light-induced promoter such as that from cab or
rubisco (Simpson et al., EMBO J. 4(11):2723-2729 (1985) and Timko
et al., Nature 318:579-582 (1985)); an anther-specific promoter
such as that from LAT52 (Twell et al., Mol. Gen. Genetics
217:240-245 (1989)); a pollen-specific promoter such as that from
Zm13 (Guerrero et al., Mol. Gen. Genetics 244:161-168 (1993)) or a
microspore-preferred promoter such as that from apg (Twell et al.,
Sex. Plant Reprod. 6:217-224 (1993)).
Signal Sequences for Targeting Proteins to Subcellular
Compartments
[0088] Transport of protein produced by transgenes to a subcellular
compartment such as the chloroplast, vacuole, peroxisome,
glyoxysome, cell wall or mitochondrion or for secretion into the
apoplast, is accomplished by means of operably linking the
nucleotide sequence encoding a signal sequence to the 5' and/or 3'
region of a gene encoding the protein of interest. Targeting
sequences at the 5' and/or 3' end of the structural gene may
determine, during protein synthesis and processing, where the
encoded protein is ultimately compartmentalized.
[0089] The presence of a signal sequence directs a polypeptide to
either an intracellular organelle or subcellular compartment or for
secretion to the apoplast. Many signal sequences are known in the
art. See, for example Becker et al., Plant Mol. Biol. 20:49 (1992);
Close, P. S., Master's Thesis, Iowa State University (1993); Knox,
C., et al., Plant Mol. Biol. 9:3-17 (1987); Lerner et al., Plant
Physiol. 91:124-129 (1989); Fontes et al., Plant Cell 3:483-496
(1991); Matsuoka et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 88:834 (1991);
Gould et al., J. Cell. Biol. 108:1657 (1989); Creissen et al.,
Plant J. 2:129 (1991); Kalderon, et al., Cell 39:499-509 (1984);
Steifel, et al., Plant Cell 2:785-793 (1990).
Foreign Protein Genes and Agronomic Genes
[0090] With transgenic plants according to the present invention, a
foreign protein can be produced in commercial quantities. Thus,
techniques for the selection and propagation of transformed plants,
which are well understood in the art, yield a plurality of
transgenic plants which are harvested in a conventional manner, and
a foreign protein then can be extracted from a tissue of interest
or from total biomass. Protein extraction from plant biomass can be
accomplished by known methods which are discussed, for example, by
Heney and Orr, Anal. Biochem. 114:92-6 (1981).
[0091] According to a preferred embodiment, the transgenic plant
provided for commercial production of foreign protein is a cotton
plant. In another preferred embodiment, the biomass of interest is
seed. For the relatively small number of transgenic plants that
show higher levels of expression, a genetic map can be generated,
primarily via conventional RFLP, PCR and SSR analysis, which
identifies the approximate chromosomal location of the integrated
DNA molecule. For exemplary methodologies in this regard, see Glick
and Thompson, Methods in Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology,
CRC Press, Boca Raton 269:284 (1993). Map information concerning
chromosomal location is useful for proprietary protection of a
subject transgenic plant. If unauthorized propagation is undertaken
and crosses made with other germplasm, the map of the integration
region can be compared to similar maps for suspect plants, to
determine if the latter have a common parentage with the subject
plant. Map comparisons would involve hybridizations, RFLP, PCR, SSR
and sequencing, all of which are conventional techniques.
[0092] Likewise, by means of the present invention, agronomic genes
can be expressed in transformed plants. More particularly, plants
can be genetically engineered to express various phenotypes of
agronomic interest. Exemplary genes implicated in this regard
include, but are not limited to, those categorized below:
1. Genes that Confer Resistance to Pests or Disease and that
Encode:
[0093] A. Plant disease resistance genes. Plant defenses are often
activated by specific interaction between the product of a disease
resistance gene (R) in the plant and the product of a corresponding
avirulence (Avr) gene in the pathogen. A plant variety can be
transformed with cloned resistance gene to engineer plants that are
resistant to specific pathogen strains. See, for example Jones et
al., Science 266:789 (1994) (cloning of the tomato Cf-9 gene for
resistance to Cladosporium fulvum); Martin et al., Science 262:1432
(1993) (tomato Pto gene for resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv.
tomato encodes a protein kinase); Mindrinos et al., Cell 78:1089
(1994) (Arabidopsis RSP2 gene for resistance to Pseudomonas
syringae).
[0094] B. A gene conferring resistance to a pest, such as
nematodes. See e.g., PCT Application WO 96/30517; PCT Application
WO 93/19181.
[0095] C. A Bacillus thuringiensis protein, a derivative thereof or
a synthetic polypeptide modeled thereon. See, for example, Geiser
et al., Gene 48:109 (1986), who disclose the cloning and nucleotide
sequence of a Bt .delta.-endotoxin gene. Moreover, DNA molecules
encoding .delta.-endotoxin genes can be purchased from American
Type Culture Collection, Manassas, Va., for example, under ATCC
Accession Nos. 40098, 67136, 31995 and 31998.
[0096] D. A lectin. See, for example, the disclosure by Van Damme
et al., Plant Molec. Biol. 24:25 (1994), who disclose the
nucleotide sequences of several Clivia miniata mannose-binding
lectin genes.
[0097] E. A vitamin-binding protein such as avidin. See PCT
application US 93/06487. The application teaches the use of avidin
and avidin homologues as larvicides against insect pests.
[0098] F. An enzyme inhibitor, for example, a protease or
proteinase inhibitor or an amylase inhibitor. See, for example, Abe
et al., J. Biol. Chem. 262:16793 (1987) (nucleotide sequence of
rice cysteine proteinase inhibitor), Huub et al., Plant Molec.
Biol. 21:985 (1993) (nucleotide sequence of cDNA encoding tobacco
proteinase inhibitor I), Sumitani et al., Biosci. Biotech. Biochem.
57:1243 (1993) (nucleotide sequence of Streptomyces nitrosporeus
.alpha.-amylase inhibitor) and U.S. Pat. No. 5,494,813 (Hepher and
Atkinson, issued Feb. 27, 1996).
[0099] G. An insect-specific hormone or pheromone such as an
ecdysteroid and juvenile hormone, a variant thereof, a mimetic
based thereon, or an antagonist or agonist thereof. See, for
example, the disclosure by Hammock et al., Nature 344:458 (1990),
of baculovirus expression of cloned juvenile hormone esterase, an
inactivator of juvenile hormone.
[0100] H. An insect-specific peptide or neuropeptide which, upon
expression, disrupts the physiology of the affected pest. For
example, see the disclosures of Regan, J. Biol. Chem. 269:9 (1994)
(expression cloning yields DNA coding for insect diuretic hormone
receptor), and Pratt et al., Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 163:1243
(1989) (an allostatin is identified in Diploptera puntata). See
also U.S. Pat. No. 5,266,317 to Tomalski et al., who disclose genes
encoding insect-specific, paralytic neurotoxins.
[0101] I. An insect-specific venom produced in nature by a snake, a
wasp, etc. For example, see Pang et al., Gene 116:165 (1992), for
disclosure of heterologous expression in plants of a gene coding
for a scorpion insectotoxic peptide.
[0102] J. An enzyme responsible for a hyper-accumulation of a
monoterpene, a sesquiterpene, a steroid, a hydroxamic acid, a
phenylpropanoid derivative or another non-protein molecule with
insecticidal activity.
[0103] K. An enzyme involved in the modification, including the
post-translational modification, of a biologically active molecule;
for example, a glycolytic enzyme, a proteolytic enzyme, a lipolytic
enzyme, a nuclease, a cyclase, a transaminase, an esterase, a
hydrolase, a phosphatase, a kinase, a phosphorylase, a polymerase,
an elastase, a chitinase and a glucanase, whether natural or
synthetic. See PCT application WO 93/02197 in the name of Scott et
al., which discloses the nucleotide sequence of a callase gene. DNA
molecules which contain chitinase-encoding sequences can be
obtained, for example, from the ATCC under Accession Nos. 39637 and
67152. See also Kramer et al., Insect Biochem. Molec. Biol. 23:691
(1993), who teach the nucleotide sequence of a cDNA encoding
tobacco hornworm chitinase, and Kawalleck et al., Plant Molec.
Biol. 21:673 (1993), who provide the nucleotide sequence of the
parsley ubi4-2 polyubiquitin gene.
[0104] L. A molecule that stimulates signal transduction. For
example, see the disclosure by Botella et al., Plant Molec. Biol.
24:757 (1994), of nucleotide sequences for mung bean calmodulin
cDNA clones, and Griess et al., Plant Physiol. 104:1467 (1994), who
provide the nucleotide sequence of a maize calmodulin cDNA
clone.
[0105] M. A hydrophobic moment peptide. See PCT application WO
95/16776 (disclosure of peptide derivatives of Tachyplesin which
inhibit fungal plant pathogens) and PCT application WO 95/18855
(teaches synthetic antimicrobial peptides that confer disease
resistance).
[0106] N. A membrane permease, a channel former or a channel
blocker. For example, see the disclosure of Jaynes et al., Plant
Sci 89:43 (1993), of heterologous expression of a cecropin-.beta.
lytic peptide analog to render transgenic tobacco plants resistant
to Pseudomonas solanacearum.
[0107] O. A viral-invasive protein or a complex toxin derived
therefrom. For example, the accumulation of viral coat proteins in
transformed plant cells imparts resistance to viral infection
and/or disease development effected by the virus from which the
coat protein gene is derived, as well as by related viruses. See
Beachy et al., Ann. Rev. Phytopathol. 28:451 (1990). Coat
protein-mediated resistance has been conferred upon transformed
plants against alfalfa mosaic virus, cucumber mosaic virus, tobacco
streak virus, potato virus X, potato virus Y, tobacco etch virus,
tobacco rattle virus and tobacco mosaic virus. Id.
[0108] P. An insect-specific antibody or an immunotoxin derived
therefrom. Thus, an antibody targeted to a critical metabolic
function in the insect gut would inactivate an affected enzyme,
killing the insect. See Taylor et al., Abstract #497, Seventh Int'l
Symposium on Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions (Edinburgh,
Scotland) (1994) (enzymatic inactivation in transgenic tobacco via
production of single-chain antibody fragments).
[0109] Q. A virus-specific antibody. See, for example, Tavladoraki
et al., Nature 366:469 (1993), who show that transgenic plants
expressing recombinant antibody genes are protected from virus
attack.
[0110] R. A developmental-arrestive protein produced in nature by a
pathogen or a parasite. Thus, fungal
endo-.alpha.-1,4-D-polygalacturonases facilitate fungal
colonization and plant nutrient release by solubilizing plant cell
wall homo-.alpha.-1,4-D-galacturonase. See Lamb et al.,
Bio/Technology 10:1436 (1992). The cloning and characterization of
a gene which encodes a bean endopolygalacturonase-inhibiting
protein is described by Toubart et al., Plant J. 2:367 (1992).
[0111] S. A developmental-arrestive protein produced in nature by a
plant. For example, Logemann et al., Bio/Technology 10:305 (1992),
have shown that transgenic plants expressing the barley
ribosome-inactivating gene have an increased resistance to fungal
disease.
2. Genes that Confer Resistance to an Herbicide:
[0112] A. An herbicide that inhibits the growing point or meristem,
such as an imidazolinone or a sulfonylurea. Exemplary genes in this
category code for mutant ALS and AHAS enzyme as described, for
example, by Lee et al., EMBO J. 7:1241 (1988), and Miki et al.,
Theor. Appl. Genet. 80:449 (1990), respectively.
[0113] B. Glyphosate (resistance conferred by mutant
5-enolpyruvlshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) and aroA genes,
respectively) and other phosphono compounds such as glufosinate
(phosphinothricin acetyl transferase (PAT) and Streptomyces
hygroscopicus PAT bar genes), and pyridinoxy or phenoxy proprionic
acids and cyclohexones (ACCase inhibitor-encoding genes). See, for
example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,940,835 to Shah, et al., which discloses
the nucleotide sequence of a form of EPSP which can confer
glyphosate resistance. A DNA molecule encoding a mutant aroA gene
can be obtained under ATCC accession number 39256, and the
nucleotide sequence of the mutant gene is disclosed in U.S. Pat.
No. 4,769,061 to Comai. European patent application No. 0 333 033
to Kumada et al., and U.S. Pat. No. 4,975,374 to Goodman et al.,
disclose nucleotide sequences of glutamine synthetase genes which
confer resistance to herbicides such as L-phosphinothricin. The
nucleotide sequence of a PAT gene is provided in European
application No. 0 242 246 to Leemans et al. DeGreef et al.,
Bio/Technology 7:61 (1989), describe the production of transgenic
plants that express chimeric bar genes coding for PAT activity.
Exemplary of genes conferring resistance to phenoxy proprionic
acids and cyclohexones, such as sethoxydim and haloxyfop are the
Acc1-S1, Acc1-S2 and Acc1-S3 genes described by Marshall et al.,
Theor. Appl. Genet. 83:435 (1992).
[0114] C. An herbicide that inhibits photosynthesis, such as a
triazine (psbA and gs+ genes) or a benzonitrile (nitrilase gene).
Przibila et al., Plant Cell 3:169 (1991), describe the
transformation of Chlamydomonas with plasmids encoding mutant psbA
genes. Nucleotide sequences for nitrilase genes are disclosed in
U.S. Pat. No. 4,810,648 to Stalker, and DNA molecules containing
these genes are available under ATCC Accession Nos. 53435, 67441,
and 67442. Cloning and expression of DNA coding for a glutathione
S-transferase is described by Hayes et al., Biochem. J. 285:173
(1992).
3. Genes that Confer or Contribute to a Value-Added Trait, Such
as:
[0115] A. Modified fatty acid metabolism, for example, by
transforming a plant with an antisense gene of stearyl-ACP
desaturase to increase stearic acid content of the plant. See
Knultzon et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 89:2624 (1992).
[0116] B. Decreased phytate content--1) Introduction of a
phytase-encoding gene would enhance breakdown of phytate, adding
more free phosphate to the transformed plant. For example, see Van
Hartingsveldt et al., Gene 127:87 (1993), for a disclosure of the
nucleotide sequence of an Aspergillus niger phytase gene. 2) A gene
could be introduced that reduced phytate content. In maize, this,
for example, could be accomplished, by cloning and then
reintroducing DNA associated with the single allele which is
responsible for maize mutants characterized by low levels of phytic
acid. See Raboy et al., Maydica 35:383 (1990).
[0117] C. Modified carbohydrate composition effected, for example,
by transforming plants with a gene coding for an enzyme that alters
the branching pattern of starch. See Shiroza et al., J. Bacteol.
170:810 (1988) (nucleotide sequence of Streptococcus mutants
fructosyltransferase gene), Steinmetz et al., Mol. Gen. Genet.
20:220 (1985) (nucleotide sequence of Bacillus subtilis
levansucrase gene), Pen et al., Bio/Technology 10:292 (1992)
(production of transgenic plants that express Bacillus
lichenifonnis .alpha.-amylase), Elliot et al., Plant Molec. Biol.
21:515 (1993) (nucleotide sequences of tomato invertase genes),
Sogaard et al., J. Biol. Chem. 268:22480 (1993) (site-directed
mutagenesis of barley .alpha.-amylase gene), and Fisher et al.,
Plant Physiol. 102:1045 (1993) (maize endosperm starch branching
enzyme II).
Methods for Cotton Transformation
[0118] Numerous methods for plant transformation have been
developed, including biological and physical, plant transformation
protocols. See, for example, Miki et al., "Procedures for
Introducing Foreign DNA into Plants" in Methods in Plant Molecular
Biology and Biotechnology, Glick B. R. and Thompson, J. E. Eds.
(CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, 1993) pages 67-88. In addition,
expression vectors and in vitro culture methods for plant cell or
tissue transformation and regeneration of plants are available.
See, for example, Gruber et al., "Vectors for Plant Transformation"
in Methods in Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Glick B.
R. and Thompson, J. E. Eds. (CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, 1993)
pages 89-119.
[0119] A. Agrobacterium-mediated Transformation--One method for
introducing an expression vector into plants is based on the
natural transformation system of Agrobacterium. See, for example,
Horsch et al., Science 227:1229 (1985). A. tumefaciens and A.
rhizogenes are plant pathogenic soil bacteria which genetically
transform plant cells. The Ti and Ri plasmids of A. tumefaciens and
A. rhizogenes, respectively, carry genes responsible for genetic
transformation of the plant. See, for example, Kado, C. I., Crit.
Rev. Plant Sci. 10:1 (1991). Descriptions of Agrobacterium vector
systems and methods for Agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer are
provided by Gruber et al., supra, Miki et al., supra, and Moloney
et al., Plant Cell Reports 8:238 (1989). See also, U.S. Pat. No.
5,563,055 (Townsend and Thomas), issued Oct. 8, 1996.
[0120] B. Direct Gene Transfer--Several methods of plant
transformation, collectively referred to as direct gene transfer,
have been developed as an alternative to Agrobacterium-mediated
transformation. A generally applicable method of plant
transformation is microprojectile-mediated transformation wherein
DNA is carried on the surface of microprojectiles measuring 1 to 4
.mu.m. The expression vector is introduced into plant tissues with
a biolistic device that accelerates the microprojectiles to speeds
of 300 to 600 m/s which is sufficient to penetrate plant cell walls
and membranes. Sanford et al., Part. Sci. Technol. 5:27 (1987),
Sanford, J. C., Trends Biotech. 6:299 (1988), Klein et al.,
Bio/Technology 6:559-563 (1988), Sanford, J. C., Physiol Plant
7:206 (1990), Klein et al., Biotechnology 10:268 (1992). See also
U.S. Pat. No. 5,015,580 (Christou, et al.), issued May 14, 1991;
U.S. Pat. No. 5,322,783 (Tomes, et al.), issued Jun. 21, 1994.
[0121] Another method for physical delivery of DNA to plants is
sonication of target cells. Zhang et al., Bio/Technology 9:996
(1991). Alternatively, liposome and spheroplast fusion have been
used to introduce expression vectors into plants. Deshayes et al.,
EMBO J., 4:2731 (1985), Christou et al., Proc Natl. Acad. Sci.
U.S.A. 84:3962 (1987). Direct uptake of DNA into protoplasts using
CaCl.sub.2 precipitation, polyvinyl alcohol or poly-L-ornithine has
also been reported. Hain et al., Mol. Gen. Genet. 199:161 (1985)
and Draper et al., Plant Cell Physiol. 23:451 (1982).
Electroporation of protoplasts and whole cells and tissues has also
been described. Donn et al., In Abstracts of VIIth International
Congress on Plant Cell and Tissue Culture IAPTC, A2-38, p 53
(1990); D'Halluin et al., Plant Cell 4:1495-1505 (1992) and Spencer
et al., Plant Mol. Biol. 24:51-61 (1994).
[0122] Following transformation of cotton target tissues,
expression of the above-described selectable marker genes allows
for preferential selection of transformed cells, tissues and/or
plants, using regeneration and selection methods now well known in
the art.
[0123] The foregoing methods for transformation would typically be
used for producing a transgenic variety. The transgenic variety
could then be crossed, with another (non-transformed or
transformed) variety, in order to produce a new transgenic variety.
Alternatively, a genetic trait which has been engineered into a
particular cotton cultivar using the foregoing transformation
techniques could be moved into another cultivar using traditional
backcrossing techniques that are well known in the plant breeding
arts. For example, a backcrossing approach could be used to move an
engineered trait from a public, non-elite variety into an elite
variety, or from a variety containing a foreign gene in its genome
into a variety or varieties which do not contain that gene. As used
herein, "crossing" can refer to a simple X by Y cross, or the
process of backcrossing, depending on the context.
Single-Gene Conversion
[0124] When the term "cotton plant" is used in the context of the
present invention, this also includes any single gene conversions
of that variety. The term "single gene converted plant" as used
herein refers to those cotton plants which are developed by a plant
breeding technique called backcrossing wherein essentially all of
the desired morphological and physiological characteristics of a
variety are recovered in addition to the single gene transferred
into the variety via the backcrossing technique. Backcrossing
methods can be used with the present invention to improve or
introduce a characteristic into the variety. The term
"backcrossing" as used herein refers to the repeated crossing of a
hybrid progeny back to the recurrent parent, i.e., backcrossing 1,
2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or more times to the recurrent parent. The
parental cotton plant which contributes the gene for the desired
characteristic is termed the "nonrecurrent" or "donor parent". This
terminology refers to the fact that the nonrecurrent parent is used
one time in the backcross protocol and therefore does not recur.
The parental cotton plant to which the gene or genes from the
nonrecurrent parent are transferred is known as the recurrent
parent as it is used for several rounds in the backcrossing
protocol (Poehlman & Sleper, 1994; Fehr, 1987). In a typical
backcross protocol, the original variety of interest (recurrent
parent) is crossed to a second variety (nonrecurrent parent) that
carries the single gene of interest to be transferred. The
resulting progeny from this cross are then crossed again to the
recurrent parent and the process is repeated until a cotton plant
is obtained wherein essentially all of the desired morphological
and physiological characteristics of the recurrent parent are
recovered in the converted plant, in addition to the single
transferred gene from the nonrecurrent parent, as determined at the
5% significance level when grown in the same environmental
conditions.
[0125] The selection of a suitable recurrent parent is an important
step for a successful backcrossing procedure. The goal of a
backcross protocol is to alter or substitute a single trait or
characteristic in the original variety. To accomplish this, a
single gene of the recurrent variety is modified or substituted
with the desired gene from the nonrecurrent parent, while retaining
essentially all of the rest of the desired genetic, and therefore
the desired physiological and morphological, constitution of the
original variety. The choice of the particular nonrecurrent parent
will depend on the purpose of the backcross. One of the major
purposes is to add some commercially desirable, agronomically
important trait to the plant. The exact backcrossing protocol will
depend on the characteristic or trait being altered to determine an
appropriate testing protocol. Although backcrossing methods are
simplified when the characteristic being transferred is a dominant
allele, a recessive allele may also be transferred. In this
instance it may be necessary to introduce a test of the progeny to
determine if the desired characteristic has been successfully
transferred.
[0126] Many single gene traits have been identified that are not
regularly selected for in the development of a new variety but that
can be improved by backcrossing techniques. Single gene traits may
or may not be transgenic, examples of these traits include but are
not limited to, male sterility, waxy starch, herbicide resistance,
resistance for bacterial, fungal, or viral disease, insect
resistance, male fertility, enhanced nutritional quality,
industrial usage, yield stability and yield enhancement. These
genes are generally inherited through the nucleus. Several of these
single gene traits are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,959,185,
5,973,234 and 5,977,445, the disclosures of which are specifically
hereby incorporated by reference.
[0127] Further reproduction of the variety can occur by tissue
culture and regeneration. Tissue culture of various tissues of
cotton and regeneration of plants therefrom is well known and
widely published. For example, reference may be had to Komatsuda,
T. et al., Crop Sci. 31:333-337 (1991); Stephens, P. A., et al.,
Theor. Appl. Genet. 82:633-635 (1991); Komatsuda, T. et al., Plant
Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 28:103-113 (1992); Dhir, S. et al.
Plant Cell Reports 11:285-289 (1992); Pandey, P. et al., Japan J.
Breed. 42:1-5 (1992); and Shetty, K., et al., Plant Science
81:245-251 (1992); as well as U.S. Pat. No. 5,024,944 issued Jun.
18, 1991 to Collins et al., and U.S. Pat. No. 5,008,200 issued Apr.
16, 1991 to Ranch et al. Thus, another aspect of this invention is
to provide cells which upon growth and differentiation produce
cotton plants having the physiological and morphological
characteristics of cotton cultivar DP 147 RF.
[0128] As used herein, the term "tissue culture" indicates a
composition comprising isolated cells of the same or a different
type or a collection of such cells organized into parts of a plant.
Exemplary types of tissue cultures are protoplasts, calli, plant
clumps, and plant cells that can generate tissue culture that are
intact in plants or parts of plants, such as embryos, pollen,
flowers, seeds, leaves, stems, roots, root tips, anthers, pistils,
and the like. Means for preparing and maintaining plant tissue
culture are well known in the art. By way of example, a tissue
culture comprising organs has been used to produce regenerated
plants. U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,959,185, 5,973,234 and 5,977,445,
described certain techniques.
[0129] This invention also is directed to methods for producing a
cotton plant by crossing a first parent cotton plant with a second
parent cotton plant wherein the first or second parent cotton plant
is a cotton plant of the cultivar DP 147 RF. Further, both first
and second parent cotton plants can come from the cotton cultivar
DP 147 RF. Additionally, the first or second parent cotton plants
can be either Gossypium hirsutum or Gossypium barbadense, or any
other cotton plant. Thus, any such methods using the cotton
cultivar DP 147 RF are part of this invention: selfing,
backcrosses, hybrid production, crosses to populations, and the
like. All plants produced using cotton cultivar DP 147 RF as a
parent are within the scope of this invention, including those
developed from varieties derived from cotton cultivar DP 147 RF.
Advantageously, the cotton cultivar could be used in crosses with
other, different, cotton plants to produce first generation
(F.sub.1) cotton hybrid seeds and plants with superior
characteristics. The other, different, cotton plants may be
Gossypium hirsutum or Gossypium barbadense or another cotton
cultivar. The cultivar of the invention can also be used for
transformation where exogenous genes are introduced and expressed
by the cultivar of the invention. Genetic variants created either
through traditional breeding methods using cultivar DP 147 RF or
through transformation of DP 147 RF by any of a number of protocols
known to those of skill in the art are intended to be within the
scope of this invention.
[0130] The following describes breeding methods that may be used
with cultivar DP 147 RF in the development of further cotton
plants. One such embodiment is a method for developing an DP 147 RF
progeny cotton plant in a cotton plant breeding program comprising:
obtaining the cotton plant, or a part thereof, of cultivar DP 147
RF utilizing said plant or plant part as a source of breeding
material and selecting an DP 147 RF progeny plant with molecular
markers in common with DP 147 RF and/or with morphological and/or
physiological characteristics selected from the characteristics
listed in Tables 1 or 2. Breeding steps that may be used in the
cotton plant breeding program include pedigree breeding, back
crossing, mutation breeding, and recurrent selection. In
conjunction with these steps, techniques such as RFLP-enhanced
selection, genetic marker enhanced selection (for example SSR
markers) and the making of double haploids may be utilized.
[0131] Another method involves producing a population of cultivar
DP 147 RF progeny cotton plants, comprising crossing cultivar DP
147 RF with another cotton plant, thereby producing a population of
cotton plants, which, on average, derive 50% of their alleles from
cultivar DP 147 RF. The other cotton plant may be Gossypium
hirsutum or Gossypium barbadense or any other cotton plant. A plant
of this population may be selected and repeatedly selfed or sibbed
with a cotton cultivar resulting from these successive filial
generations. One embodiment of this invention is the cotton
cultivar produced by this method and that has obtained at least 50%
of its alleles from cultivar DP 147 RF.
[0132] One of ordinary skill in the art of plant breeding would
know how to evaluate the traits of two plant varieties to determine
if there is no significant difference between the two traits
expressed by those varieties. For example, see Fehr and Walt,
Principles of Cultivar Development, p 261-286 (1987). Thus the
invention includes cotton cultivar DP 147 RF progeny cotton plants
comprising a combination of at least two DP 147 RF traits selected
from the group consisting of those listed in Tables 1 and 2 or the
DP 147 RF combination of traits listed in the Summary of the
Invention, so that said progeny cotton plant is not significantly
different for said traits than cotton cultivar DP 147 RF as
determined at the 5% significance level when grown in the same
environment. Using techniques described herein, molecular markers
may be used to identify said progeny plant as a DP 147 RF progeny
plant. Mean trait values may be used to determine whether trait
differences are significant, and preferably the traits are measured
on plants grown under the same environmental conditions. Once such
a variety is developed its value is substantial since it is
important to advance the germplasm base as a whole in order to
maintain or improve traits such as yield, disease resistance, pest
resistance, and plant performance in extreme environmental
conditions.
[0133] Progeny of cultivar DP 147 RF may also be characterized
through their filial relationship with cotton cultivar DP 147 RF,
as for example, being within a certain number of breeding crosses
of cotton cultivar DP 147 RF. A breeding cross is a cross made to
introduce new genetics into the progeny, and is distinguished from
a cross, such as a self or a sib cross, made to select among
existing genetic alleles. The lower the number of breeding crosses
in the pedigree, the closer the relationship between cotton
cultivar DP 147 RF and its progeny. For example, progeny produced
by the methods described herein may be within 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5
breeding crosses of cotton cultivar DP 147 RF.
[0134] As used herein, the term "plant" includes plant cells, plant
protoplasts, plant cell tissue cultures from which cotton plants
can be regenerated, plant calli, plant clumps, and plant cells that
are intact in plants or parts of plants, such as embryos, pollen,
ovules, flowers, leaves, roots, root tips, anthers, pistils, and
the like.
Tables
[0135] As shown in Table 3 below, cotton cultivar DP 147 RF is
compared to commercial cotton cultivar DP 494 RR. Column one shows
the year of the trial, column two shows the state abbreviation,
column three shows the lint percent (percentage of the seed cotton
that is lint, handpicked samples), column four shows the
micronaire, column five shows the fiber length in inches, column
six shows the uniformity ratio (proportion of uniform length
fibers), column seven shows the strength (T1) in grams per Tex and
column eight shows the lint yield. The F-ratio equals the analysis
of variance and the F-test equals the probability of difference.
The F ratio and F test were derived from the Analysis of Variance
routine in the EXCEL--ANALYSIS TOOL PAK add-in.
TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 3 Lint Percent Uniformity Lint Yield DP147
DP494 Micronaire Length Ratio T1 DP494 Year State RF RR DP147 RF
DP494 RR DP147 RF DP494 RR DP147 RF DP494 RR DP147 RF DP494 RR
DP147 RF RR 2005 NC 38.0 40.0 3.6 4.1 1.22 1.21 83.2 83.4 30.5 32.7
1265 1402 2005 SC 39.4 40.6 4.1 4.3 1.18 1.19 83.4 84.3 28.8 31.8
1319 1165 2005 NC 40.0 40.0 4.1 4.7 1.18 1.17 81.6 83.1 28.7 30.8
1284 1240 2005 SC 36.9 39.8 4.0 5.0 1.20 1.15 82.1 81.7 28.7 29.2
1334 1414 2005 SC 40.1 42.0 3.8 4.3 1.21 1.19 83.2 82.8 29.6 31.6
1144 1069 2005 SC 37.3 39.7 4.0 4.7 1.15 1.15 80.2 81.7 27.8 28.7
1137 1166 2005 SC 38.1 39.1 4.3 4.8 1.24 1.19 84.3 85.5 31.6 33.1
1398 1257 2005 SC 39.0 40.7 3.7 4.3 1.19 1.17 82.7 84.2 30.0 31.6
1301 1310 2005 SC 40.1 40.3 3.5 3.7 1.19 1.16 82.5 83.6 30.3 33.1
1218 1078 2005 NC 39.6 41.3 4.0 4.9 1.23 1.16 82.0 82.3 32.4 32.1
681 786 2005 VA 41.8 43.1 3.6 3.9 1.22 1.21 83.4 83.3 29.6 31.7
1495 1555 2005 NC 38.0 37.9 4.4 4.8 1.17 1.14 84.1 84.0 29.5 31.9
812 811 2005 NC 40.5 43.3 4.1 5.1 1.14 1.13 83.2 81.8 28.9 30.7 969
1081 2005 NC 40.9 40.9 4.3 5.1 1.13 1.09 82.4 84.4 29.3 31.2 1040
1144 2005 NC 41.7 41.4 4.0 4.1 1.21 1.18 83.9 85.2 31.2 33.4 1422
1470 2005 NC 43.2 42.1 4.7 4.8 1.14 1.16 83.8 83.3 30.1 31.4 1111
1133 2005 NC 42.9 43.2 4.4 4.5 1.16 1.18 81.9 83.4 27.6 31.4 968
759 2005 GA 38.8 41.1 4.0 4.9 1.27 1.25 86.8 86.9 29.9 34.2 1156
1375 2005 GA 41.2 41.3 4.0 4.5 1.16 1.14 83.8 85.1 28.6 32.0 912
880 2005 GA 38.1 38.5 3.8 4.3 1.26 1.21 84.9 85.2 34.6 36.5 1500
1342 2005 AL 35.8 35.8 3.9 4.6 1.24 1.19 83.0 84.0 30.5 31.1 1408
1489 2005 GA 37.0 40.4 3.8 4.7 1.18 1.13 81.8 82.6 29.2 31.3 893
976 2005 FL 37.4 39.2 3.9 4.6 1.19 1.16 81.6 82.5 29.0 31.4 1255
1062 2005 GA 40.9 42.6 4.3 4.9 1.23 1.20 85.4 85.3 33.3 37.1 824
1006 2005 GA 39.3 39.4 4.1 4.4 1.29 1.26 86.0 86.6 32.2 34.7 1170
1246 2005 FL 39.0 41.0 4.0 4.0 83.0 83.0 32.0 31.0 753 844 2005 GA
38.6 38.8 4.1 4.6 1.25 1.20 85.2 85.5 30.3 33.6 1203 1272 2005 GA
36.4 39.7 4.1 5.1 1.23 1.19 82.6 83.2 32.0 32.1 1187 1373 2005 GA
36.7 38.8 3.7 4.3 1.16 1.16 82.0 81.7 29.5 32.0 1056 1066 2005 GA
39.0 40.4 4.2 4.8 1.12 1.17 81.2 81.3 26.1 29.3 1194 1199 2005 GA
40.0 40.9 4.5 5.2 1.26 1.18 85.6 85.0 31.7 33.1 981 1298 2005 GA
39.1 38.3 4.6 4.8 1.27 1.25 86.1 87.0 31.7 34.4 1446 1189 2005 SC
40.9 40.4 4.3 4.7 1.18 1.20 83.3 83.5 29.8 31.7 1144 1273 2005 GA
40.2 42.5 4.6 5.1 1.30 1.23 87.2 85.6 33.9 34.5 1952 2135 2005 GA
40.9 40.8 4.9 5.3 1.24 1.24 85.5 86.6 35.4 37.9 1686 1832 2005 GA
43.4 44.1 4.7 4.8 1.18 1.16 84.3 84.9 30.4 32.7 1301 1462 2005 GA
37.7 37.3 4.0 4.5 1.23 1.23 84.5 84.1 31.0 31.9 1186 1156 2005 AR
41.5 41.2 4.5 4.7 1.16 1.19 85.2 84.3 32.7 33.4 1507 1413 2005 MS
39.6 38.0 3.9 4.3 1.20 1.18 81.9 83.0 27.0 30.6 1626 1636 2005 TN
37.8 36.3 4.2 4.4 1.14 1.15 81.5 82.4 28.8 30.8 1226 1210 2005 MS
35.5 36.2 3.8 4.1 1.17 1.17 82.1 82.5 30.3 33.1 1295 1175 2005 MS
35.8 37.1 3.9 4.4 1.20 1.24 82.2 85.3 33.2 37.9 1235 1351 2005 TN
36.9 37.2 4.4 4.6 1.13 1.13 83.1 86.1 32.3 32.1 1120 1091 2005 MN
37.2 36.9 4.0 4.0 1.22 1.14 84.0 84.0 35.5 36.6 1123 1023 2005 TN
35.8 35.0 3.3 3.5 1.18 1.13 81.6 83.5 30.4 31.2 834 802 2005 AL
35.0 37.4 4.1 4.6 1.21 1.15 84.0 83.8 31.8 34.2 871 893 2004 MS
40.5 41.9 4.1 4.7 1.24 1.20 84.0 83.1 30.7 32.0 1865 1791 2005 MS
39.5 41.6 4.4 4.9 1.24 1.18 84.3 84.7 30.1 31.8 1392 1512 2005 MS
35.4 34.7 4.3 4.6 1.20 1.22 82.4 83.2 31.6 34.7 1248 1068 2005 MS
37.6 35.8 4.3 4.3 1.16 1.15 83.8 82.9 33.1 30.1 1151 831 2005 MS
32.6 33.3 4.0 4.1 1.20 1.19 82.6 83.7 30.9 33.2 1255 1054 2005 LA
36.6 36.5 4.5 4.8 1.13 1.12 82.0 83.9 29.3 33.4 951 904 2005 LA
36.2 36.5 4.2 4.6 1.26 1.19 83.4 83.5 31.3 31.2 803 878 2005 MS
34.2 32.6 4.0 4.2 1.19 1.20 82.6 84.4 30.6 33.3 1234 1064 2005 TX
38.4 38.7 3.4 3.9 1.18 1.15 82.0 83.4 27.3 28.6 1301 1348 2005 TX
38.5 38.7 3.7 4.4 1.22 1.22 84.0 84.6 30.8 30.9 1316 1417 2005 TX
39.7 39.8 3.3 3.8 1.14 1.15 81.6 82.6 31.6 34.0 1090 1202 2005 TX
25.1 27.3 2.7 3.2 1.13 1.13 79.7 80.4 26.3 28.3 991 1033 2005 OK
44.4 44.9 4.6 4.9 1.16 1.15 83.7 82.8 29.9 31.3 1678 1902 2005 OK
44.3 44.7 4.6 4.9 1.19 1.17 83.9 86.0 28.9 32.4 1437 1600 2005 OK
41.6 45.0 4.2 5.2 1.09 1.06 81.4 83.3 29.6 30.2 695 744 2005 TX
34.6 35.0 4.0 4.4 1.15 1.13 81.3 82.8 27.5 28.2 1373 1161 2005 TX
33.0 32.9 3.7 4.1 1.19 1.16 82.2 82.9 27.5 29.3 1025 1004 2005 TX
31.6 33.2 3.5 3.7 1.13 1.18 80.1 83.6 25.5 30.3 614 695 2005 TX
33.1 33.6 3.6 4.2 1.17 1.18 79.3 82.3 25.4 30.0 1695 1575 2005 TX
26.9 29.0 3.3 3.7 1.11 1.13 80.8 83.1 28.1 31.9 1339 1317 2005 TX
31.0 31.0 3.8 4.2 1.11 1.11 79.7 81.3 29.6 29.6 922 1028 2005 TX
29.6 28.6 3.7 3.9 1.16 1.12 81.0 81.1 27.1 28.5 1495 1343 2005 TX
34.0 30.2 3.3 3.6 1.21 1.25 84.3 86.0 28.3 30.5 1767 1749 2005 TX
25.6 27.1 3.2 3.5 1.21 1.19 82.0 83.3 27.8 31.1 1329 1484 2005 TX
30.1 29.5 3.7 4.1 1.05 1.07 78.3 81.5 24.5 27.4 423 403 2005 TX
26.6 29.5 3.2 3.6 1.15 1.14 79.4 81.4 26.5 29.2 1530 1689 2005 TX
25.8 29.9 3.0 3.2 1.19 1.18 80.4 82.9 28.0 32.2 1249 1369 2005 NM
33.7 36.8 3.1 3.0 1.19 1.16 82.2 81.0 28.4 28.0 1141 1296 2005 TX
27.0 27.2 3.9 4.0 1.20 1.19 82.1 82.8 28.5 32.1 1476 1451 2005 CA
34.5 35.1 4.2 4.8 1.17 1.16 82.5 83.8 31.8 34.8 1466 1500 2005 CA
34.6 34.9 3.7 4.3 1.20 1.18 82.3 83.3 29.0 32.2 1348 1201 2005 TX
30.6 31.3 4.5 4.6 1.07 1.09 80.3 81.9 26.8 30.3 437 431 2005 TX
30.8 33.2 4.1 4.3 1.15 1.14 82.1 82.7 33.4 35.6 397 534 2005 TX
34.0 34.8 4.5 5.0 1.07 1.02 81.4 80.6 28.1 29.5 510 514 2005 TX
29.5 30.7 3.6 4.0 1.19 1.17 82.5 82.6 31.1 31.6 1288 1466 2005 TX
43.3 43.1 4.5 4.3 1.04 1.04 81.9 81.6 30.3 28.4 1265 1402 2005 TX
41.0 42.0 3.8 4.6 1.21 1.17 85.0 86.1 33.7 34.6 956 889 Average
36.85 37.62 3.97 4.40 1.183 1.167 82.76 83.53 29.96 31.92 1192 1208
F ratio 26.135 220.091 26.184 41.505 148.967 1.279 F test
<0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001 0.2614
[0136] As shown in Table 4 below, cotton cultivar DP 147 RF is
compared to commercial cotton cultivar DP 494 RR. Column one shows
the year of the trial, column two shows the state abbreviation,
column three shows the elongation (E1) (measure of fiber
elasticity), column four shows the plant height in centimeters,
column five shows the maturity, and column six shows the fallout
rating (Fo) (scale 1-5, with 1 being the least amount of fallout).
The F-ratio equals the analysis of variance and the F-test equals
the probability of difference. The F ratio and F test were derived
from the Analysis of Variance routine in the EXCEL--ANALYSIS TOOL
PAK add-in.
TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 4 E1 Hgt Maturity Fallout Year State DP147RF
DP494RR DP147RF DP494RR DP147RF DP494RR DP147RF DP494RR 2005 NC
11.6 13.2 71.8 87.0 65.0 65.0 1.3 1.0 2005 GA 11.6 12.3 102.2 102.2
97.5 97.5 1.3 1.0 2005 GA 10.2 10.1 127.0 113.0 70.0 72.5 1.0 1.0
2005 AR 11.7 10.9 81.9 79.0 2005 MS 11.0 11.4 85.5 82.8 2004 MS
11.0 11.2 145.4 151.3 2004 MS 10.4 12.1 98.5 108.0 2005 TX 12.1
14.1 99.1 96.5 41.7 40.0 1.3 1.0 2005 TX 11.5 13.1 88.9 90.6 36.7
35.0 1.0 1.2 2005 TX 12.5 14.3 110.0 113.5 11.7 18.3 1.0 1.3 2005
TX 12.3 14.6 72.0 68.6 16.7 20.0 2005 TX 12.3 13.4 97.4 103.3 25.0
28.3 2005 TX 12.6 14.3 72.8 66.9 15.0 15.0 2005 TX 12.2 13.7 72.0
72.8 20.0 21.7 Average 11.64 12.75 96.4 97.8 47.2 47.9 1.14 1.08
F-ratio 21.504 0.402 0.729 0.259 F test 0.0005 0.5390 0.4114
0.6322
[0137] As shown in Table 5 below, cotton cultivar DP 147 RF is
compared to 7 commercial cotton cultivars. Column one shows the
cultivar name, column two shows the lint percent, column three
shows the micronaire (measure of fiber fineness), column four shows
the fiber length in inches, column five shows the uniformity ratio
(proportion of uniform length fibers), column six shows the fiber
strength (T1) in grams per Tex, column seven shows elongation (E1)
(measure of fiber elasticity), column eight shows the fiber
maturity ratio, column nine shows the centimeters to the first
fruiting branch, column ten shows centimeters from main stem to
first fruiting node at fruiting branch 5, column eleven shows
number of seeds per boll (handpicked samples) and column twelve
shows the weight of seedcotton per boll (handpicked samples).
TABLE-US-00006 TABLE 5 FB5 Cm Cm Seed to to Seeds/ Cotton/ Cultivar
Lint % Mic Len Ur T1 E1 Mr FFB FFN boll boll DP 147 RF 39.5 4.4
1.24 84 30.1 10.4 86.9 17.7 12.1 32.5 5.7 DP 494 RR 41.6 4.9 1.18
85 31.8 12.1 87.2 22.5 9.4 31.0 5.5 DP 491 41.1 4.6 1.22 84 31.2
11.4 86.7 16.0 11.5 5.6 DP 432 RR 41.0 5.0 1.17 84 30.9 13.7 86.3
20.3 9.9 29.6 5.4 DP 5415 RR 40.4 5.2 1.12 84 30.5 13.2 87.0 15.2
10.3 4.7 DeltaPEARL 39.7 4.8 1.21 84 30.1 11.2 87.6 17.4 11.0 4.5
DP 493 42.7 5.2 1.13 84 28.9 11.5 88.3 18.8 13.7 5.6 DP 393 41.5
4.9 1.18 84 31.1 13.2 86.6 18.7 13.2 5.3 Mean 40.8 4.8 1.18 84 30.0
11.8 87.0 18.6 11.3 5.3
Deposit Information
[0138] A deposit of the cotton seed of this invention is maintained
by D&PL Technology Holding Company, LLC, 100 Main Street,
Scott, Miss. 38772. Access to this deposit will be available during
the pendency of this application to persons determined by the
Commissioner of Patents and Trademarks to be entitled thereto under
37 CFR .sctn.1.14 and 35 USC .sctn.122. Upon allowance of any
claims in this application, all restrictions on the availability to
the public of the variety will be irrevocably removed by affording
access to a deposit of at least 2,500 seeds of the same variety
with the American Type Culture Collection, Manassas, Va. or
National Collections of Industrial, Food and Marine Bacteria
(NCIMB), 23 St Machar Drive, Aberdeen, Scotland, AB24 3RY, United
Kingdom.
[0139] While a number of exemplary aspects and embodiments have
been discussed above, those of skill in the art will recognize
certain modifications, permutations, additions, and
sub-combinations thereof. It is therefore intended that the
following appended claims and claims hereafter are interpreted to
include all such modifications, permutations, additions, and
sub-combinations as are within their true spirit and scope.
* * * * *