U.S. patent application number 12/088399 was filed with the patent office on 2009-12-24 for antibacterial compositions comprising quaternary ammonium germicides and alkamine oxides having reduced irritation potential.
Invention is credited to Kathleen Carmelle Cater, Priscilla S. Fox, Timothy J. Taylor.
Application Number | 20090318322 12/088399 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 38123996 |
Filed Date | 2009-12-24 |
United States Patent
Application |
20090318322 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Taylor; Timothy J. ; et
al. |
December 24, 2009 |
ANTIBACTERIAL COMPOSITIONS COMPRISING QUATERNARY AMMONIUM
GERMICIDES AND ALKAMINE OXIDES HAVING REDUCED IRRITATION
POTENTIAL
Abstract
Antibacterial compositions having antibacterial effectiveness
and reduced eye irritation potential are disclosed. The
antibacterial compositions contain a quaternary ammonium compound,
an alkamine oxide, a nonionic compound, optional adjuvant materials
known in the art, and water. The eye irritation is decreased by
decreasing the amount, by weight, of alkamine oxide present in the
composition and alternatively, or in combination therewith,
increasing the ratio of nonionic material to alkamine oxide present
in the composition.
Inventors: |
Taylor; Timothy J.;
(Phoenix, AZ) ; Fox; Priscilla S.; (Phoenix,
AZ) ; Cater; Kathleen Carmelle; (Phoenix,
AZ) |
Correspondence
Address: |
THE DIAL CORPORATION
19001 N. Scottsdale Road
SCOTTSDALE
AZ
85255
US
|
Family ID: |
38123996 |
Appl. No.: |
12/088399 |
Filed: |
December 20, 2006 |
PCT Filed: |
December 20, 2006 |
PCT NO: |
PCT/US06/48991 |
371 Date: |
August 3, 2009 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
60755569 |
Dec 30, 2005 |
|
|
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
510/131 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61K 8/45 20130101; A61Q
17/005 20130101; A61Q 17/00 20130101; A61K 2800/75 20130101; A61Q
19/10 20130101; A61K 8/604 20130101; A61K 8/40 20130101; A61P 31/04
20180101; A61K 8/90 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
510/131 |
International
Class: |
A61K 8/41 20060101
A61K008/41; A61Q 19/10 20060101 A61Q019/10; A01P 1/00 20060101
A01P001/00; A01N 33/12 20060101 A01N033/12 |
Claims
1-20. (canceled)
21. An antibacterial composition comprising: a quaternary ammonium
compound present in the amount of from about 0.1 to about 5 percent
by weight of the antibacterial composition; one or more alkamine
oxides present in the amount of from about 0.1 to about 10 percent
by weight of the antibacterial composition; one or more nonionic
materials; one or more liquid carriers; and optionally one or more
ingredients selected from a group comprising: polymeric thickeners
of the nonionic or cationic class, dyes, perfumes, builders, pH
adjusters, solvents, and mixtures thereof.
22. The antibacterial composition of claim 21, wherein said
quaternary ammonium compound is present in the amount of about 1.0
percent by weight of the antibacterial composition.
23. The antibacterial composition of claim 22, wherein said
quaternary ammonium compound is selected from a group comprising:
benzethonium chloride, benzalkonium chloride, alkyl dimethylbenzyl
ammonium chloride, cetyl trimethyl ammonium chloride.
24. The antibacterial composition of claim 21, wherein said one or
more alkamine oxides are present in the amount of from about 0.3 to
about 1.5 percent by weight of the antibacterial composition.
25. The antibacterial composition of claim 24, wherein said
alkamine oxide is lauramine oxide.
26. The antibacterial composition of claim 21, wherein said
nonionic material is comprised of a nonionic polymeric
surfactant.
27. The antibacterial composition of claim 26, wherein said
nonionic polymeric surfactant is a block copolymer of ethylene
oxide and propylene oxide.
28. The antibacterial composition of claim 21, wherein said
nonionic material is comprised of an alkylpolyglucoside
surfactant.
29. The antibacterial composition of claim 21, wherein said
nonionic material is selected from a group comprising decyl
polyglucose and Pluronic F108.
30. The antibacterial composition of claim 29, wherein said
nonionic material is present in the composition at an amount of
about 2.5 percent by weight.
31. The antibacterial composition of claim 21, wherein said liquid
carrier is water.
32. The antibacterial composition of claim 21, wherein said
polymeric thickener is Natrosol 250HHR CS present in the
composition at an amount of about 1.0 percent by weight.
33. The antibacterial composition of claim 21 having a pH between
about 5 and 9.
34. The antibacterial composition of claim 21 having a pH between
about 6 and 8.
35. The antibacterial composition of claim 21 having a pH between
about 6.5 and 8.
36. The composition of claim 21, wherein the relative weight ratio
of the nonionic material to the alkamine oxide yields a composition
with a Permeability Value in a BCOP assay of less than about
1.2.
37. The composition of claim 36, wherein said relative weight ratio
of the nonionic material to the alkamine oxide is from about 0:1 to
about 8.5:1.
38. The antimicrobial composition of claim 37, wherein said
relative weight ratio of the nonionic material to the lauramine
oxide is from about 5:1 to about 7:1.
39. The composition of claim 21, wherein said composition is free
of anionic and zwitterionic surfactants.
40. The composition of claim 39, wherein said surfactants comprise
a sulfate, sulfonate, carboxylate, aminocarboxylate, and mixtures
thereof.
41. The antimicrobial composition of claim 21, wherein said
composition exhibits a log reduction of at least 2 after the first
wash and a log reduction of at least 3 after the eleventh wash in a
Health Care Personnel Hand Wash test, as measured bacteria.
Description
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application is a U.S. National Phase filing under 35
U.S.C. 371 and claims priority to PCT Application No.
PCT/US2006/048991, entitled "ANTIBACTERIAL COMPOSITIONS COMPRISING
QUATERNARY AMMONIUM GERMICIDES AND ALKAMINE OXIDES HAVING REDUCED
IRRITATION POTENTIAL," which was filed on Dec. 20, 2006, which
application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application
Ser. No. 60/755,569, entitled "ANTIBACTERIAL COMPOSITIONS
COMPRISING QUATERNARY AMMONIUM GERMICIDES AND ALKAMINE OXIDES
HAVING REDUCED IRRITATION POTENTIAL," which was filed Dec. 30,
2005, both of which are incorporated herein by reference.
FIELD OF INVENTION
[0002] The present invention relates generally to antibacterial
compositions exhibiting the antibacterial effectiveness of
quaternary ammonium compounds and reduced irritation to mammalian
tissue.
BACKGROUND
[0003] Antibacterial personal care compositions are known in the
art. Especially useful are antibacterial cleansing compositions,
which typically are used to cleanse the skin and to destroy
bacteria and other microorganisms present on the skin, especially
the hands, arms, and face of the user. Several different classes of
antibacterial agents have been used in antibacterial cleansing
compositions. One such agent, quaternary ammonium compounds, are
effective cleansing agents, however, these compounds can cause
irritation to the epithelial tissue of the user, particularly the
skin and eye tissue.
[0004] Various attempts have been made to mitigate the irritation
of quaternary ammonium compounds to the skin and eye. Mitigants
have included combining quaternary ammonium compounds with nonionic
compounds, maltodextrin, urea, benzoate salts, and ethoxylated
lanolin or alkoxylated fatty amines. Another mitigant found capable
of decreasing irritation has been to combine quaternary ammonium
compounds with mixtures of alkamine oxide surfactants with nonionic
materials.
[0005] While these mitigants provide some comfort to the consumer,
a need exists for a phase stable, effective quaternary ammonium
germicide that effectively and sufficiently reduces irritation to
animal tissue, particularly skin and eye tissue.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0006] This summary of the invention is intended to introduce the
reader to various exemplary aspects of the invention. Particular
aspects of the invention are shown in other sections hereinbelow,
and the invention is set forth in the appended claims which alone
demarcate its scope.
[0007] In accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present
invention, an antibacterial composition that exhibits reduced eye
irritancy is provided. The antibacterial composition comprises a
quaternary ammonium compound, an alkamine oxide, a nonionic
material and water. The quaternary ammonium compound preferably is
present in the amount of from about 0.1% to about 5.0% by weight of
the composition. The alkamine oxide is preferably present in an
amount of from about 0.1% to about 10% by weight of the
composition. The nonionic material is preferably present in an
amount from about 0.3% to about 1.5% by weight of the
composition.
[0008] In an exemplary embodiment of the invention, an
antibacterial composition is provided wherein the nonionic material
is present such that the relative weight ratio of the nonionic
material to the alkamine oxide, by weight, yields a Permeability
Value in the Bovine Corneal Opacity and Permeability assay of less
than 1.2 while maintaining antibacterial efficacy.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0009] The following description is of exemplary embodiments only
and is not intended to limit the scope, applicability or
configuration of the invention in any way. Rather, the following
description provides convenient illustrations for implementing
various embodiments of the invention. Various changes to the
described embodiments may be made in the function and arrangement
of the elements described without departing from the spirit and
scope of the invention.
[0010] In accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present
invention, the antibacterial composition includes a quaternary
ammonium compound, an alkamine oxide, a nonionic material, and
water and exhibits reduced irritation to animal tissue.
[0011] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the quaternary
ammonium compound is present in the amount of about from 0.1 to
5.0% by weight of the composition. For example, in various
exemplary embodiments, the quaternary ammonium compound is
benzethonium chloride or benzalkonium chloride. For example, in a
benzethonium chloride embodiment, the benzethonium chloride is
present in the composition in the amount of about 1.0% by
weight.
[0012] In accordance with various embodiments, the amount of
alkamine oxide surfactant present in the composition is related to
the amount and identity of the antibacterial agent in the
composition, to the identity of the alkamine oxide surfactant, and
the end use of the composition. In a preferred embodiment of the
invention, the alkamine oxide is present in the amount of from
about 0.1 to about 10% by weight. In one exemplary embodiment, the
alkamine oxide is lauramine oxide. In various exemplary
embodiments, depending upon the specific composition, the lauramine
oxide is present in varying amounts ranging, preferably, from about
0.3% to about 1.5% by weight.
[0013] In accordance with various embodiments, an alkamine oxide
useful in the present invention contains at least one long
hydrocarbon chain containing at least eight carbon atoms. One class
of amine oxides is the alkyl di(lower alkyl) amine oxides, wherein
the alkyl group contains 8 to 22, and preferably about 10 to about
16, carbon atoms, and can be straight or branched chain, saturated
or unsaturated. The lower alkyl groups contain 1 to 7 carbon atoms,
and typically are methyl. Specific examples include, but are not
limited to, lauryl dimethyl amine oxide, myristyl dimethyl amine
oxide, dimethyl cocoamine oxide, dimethyl (hydrogenated
tallow)amine oxide, myristyl/palmityl dimethyl amine oxide,
myristyl/lauryl dimethyl amine oxide, cetyl dimethyl amine oxide,
stearyl dimethyl amine oxide, and myristyl/cetyl dimethyl amine
oxide.
[0014] Another class of useful amine oxides includes alkyl
di(hydroxy lower alkyl)amine oxides in which the alkyl group
contains 8 to 22, and preferably about 10 to about 16 carbon atoms,
and can be straight or branched chain, saturated or unsaturated.
Specific examples, include, but are not limited to,
bis(2-hydroxyethyl)cocoamine oxide, bis(2-hydroxyethyl)tallow amine
oxide, and bis(2-hydroxyethyl)stearylamine oxide.
[0015] Additional useful amine oxides are termed alkamidopropyl
di(lower alkyl)amine oxides in which the alkyl group contains 8 to
22, and preferably about 10 to about 16 carbon atoms, and can be
straight or branched chain, saturated or unsaturated. Examples are
cocoamidopropyl dimethyl amine oxide and tallowamidopropyl dimethyl
amine oxide. Further useful amine oxides are termed alkylmorpholine
oxides in which the alkyl group contains 8 to 22, and preferably
about 10 to about 16, carbon atoms, and can be straight or branched
chain, saturated or unsaturated. Alkamine oxides are commercially
available, for example, from Stepan Co., Northfield, Ill., and
Lonza Inc., Fairlawn, N.J.
[0016] The above classes of alkamine oxide surfactants contain a
C8-C22 alkyl group selected from, for example, octyl, decyl,
undecyl, lauryl, tridecyl, myristyl, cetyl, stearyl, isostearyl,
oleyl, and mixtures thereof. Examples of amine oxide surfactants
include, but are not limited to, decyl dimethylamine oxide, lauryl
dimethylamine oxide, stearyl dimethylamine oxide, oleyl
dimethylamine oxide, coco dihydroxyethylamine oxide, cetyl
N,N-dihydroxyethylamine oxide, oleyl N,N-dihydroxyethylamine oxide,
cocamine oxide, cocamidopropylamine oxide, lauramidopropylamine
oxide, oleamine oxide, oleamidopropylamine oxide, wheat
germamidopropylamine oxide, isostearamido-propylamine oxide,
stearamine oxide, stearamido-propylamine oxide, cocomorpholine
oxide, decylamine oxide, dihydroxyethyl C8-C10 alkoxypropylamine
oxide, dihydroxyethyl C9-C11 alkoxypropylamine oxide,
dihydroxyethyl C12-C11 alkoxypropylamine oxide, dihydroxyethyl
cocamine oxide, dihydroxyethyl stearamine oxide, dihydroxyethyl
tallowamine oxide, hydrogenated tallow amine oxide, hydroxyethyl
hydroxypropyl C12-C15 alkoxypropylamine oxide, isostearamidopropyl
morpholine oxide, myristamidopropylamine oxide, myristamine oxide,
palmitamidopropylamine oxide, palmitamine oxide, PEG-3 lauramine
oxide, tallow amidopropylamine oxide, tallow amine oxide,
undecylenamidopropylamine oxide, and mixtures thereof. Preferred
alkamine oxide surfactants are the alkyl di(lower alkyl)amine
oxides in which the alkyl group contains about 12 to about 16
carbon atoms, including lauramine oxide, myristamine oxide,
cocamine oxide, cetamine oxide, and mixtures thereof.
[0017] In accordance with other embodiments of the invention, the
composition contains a blend of alkamine oxide surfactants. In most
preferred embodiments, a first component of the alkamine oxide
blend contains twelve or fewer carbon atoms and a second component
contains more than twelve carbon atoms.
[0018] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, a nonionic
material is present in the composition so that the ratio of
nonionic material to alkamine oxide by weight yields a composition
with a Permeability Value (PERMV) in a Bovine Corneal Opacity and
Permeability (BCOP) assay of less than about 1.2. In an exemplary
embodiment, the nonionic material is a nonionic polymeric
surfactant like a copolymer comprised of a block copolymer of
ethylene oxide and propylene oxide or an alkylpolyglucoside
surfactant. In another exemplary embodiment, the nonionic material
is decyl polyglucose (APG) present in the composition at an amount
of about 2.5% by weight. In another exemplary embodiment, the
nonionic material is Pluronic F108 present in the composition at an
amount of about 2.5%.
[0019] In accordance with various embodiments of the invention, the
composition optionally includes polymeric thickeners of the
nonionic or cationic class, dyes, perfumes, builders, pH adjusters,
solvents, and other adjuvant materials. For example, in an
exemplary embodiment of the present invention, a polymeric
thickener, Natrosol 250HHR CS, is included in the composition at an
amount of about 1.0% by weight.
[0020] In one embodiment of the composition, the pH of the
composition is between about 5 and 9, preferably between about 6
and 8, and most preferably between about 6.5 and 8.
[0021] In a still further exemplary embodiment of the invention,
the antibacterial composition may be free anionic or zwitterionic
surfactants including sulfates, sulfonates, carboxylates, and
aminocarboxylates.
[0022] The antibacterial effectiveness of various formulations of
the compositions formed in accordance with the present invention
were tested by conducting a Health Care Personnel Hand Wash test,
an in vivo test of efficacy, whereby the survival of challenged
organisms exposed to antibacterial test formulation is determined
as a function of the number of hand washes. In general, the Health
Care Personnel Hand Wash test is well known in the antibacterial
products industry. In this test, hands of volunteers are inoculated
with a volume of bacterial inoculum to constitute a bacterial
challenge to the hands. The volunteers then wash their hands with
the antibacterial composition to be tested, and this cycle is
repeated 11 times. Bacterial reductions are determined after the
first and eleventh wash.
[0023] In this example, two exemplary formulations of antibacterial
compositions were tested using the Health Care Personnel Hand Wash
test. Hibiclens, a commercial product, serves as a positive control
in the test. Table 1 summarizes the compositions of the
formulations, Formulation 1 and 2.
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Formulation 1 Formulation 2 weight percent
Deionized Water 90.24 91.54 Natrosol 250HHR CS 1.0 1.0 Benzethonium
Chloride 1.0 1.0 Pluronic F108 2.5 0.0 Lauramine Oxide 1.5 0.3
Decyl Polyglucose (APG) 0.0 2.5 Sodium Phosphate, 10% sol. 0.26
0.46 Total 100.0 100.0 Final pH 7.45 7.49 Ratio of Nonionic:active
1.7:1 8.3:1 basis of Lauramine Oxide
[0024] Table 2 summarizes the antibacterial performance of these
formulations as measured by the Health Care Personnel Hand Wash
test:
TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Log10 Bacterial Reduction Wash 1 Wash 11
Formula- Hibiclens Hibiclens tion Formula Placebo (+control)
Formula Placebo (+control) 1 2.49 2.04 2.7 3.02 2.62 3.52 2 2.53
1.77 3.27 3.13 1.90 4.30
[0025] The above results illustrate the enhanced antibacterial
effectiveness of antibacterial compositions formed in accordance
with various embodiments of the present invention. Both
formulations achieved log reductions of greater than 2 on the first
wash and greater than 3 on the 11th wash. Additionally, both
formulations exhibit superior antibacterial effectiveness as
compared to the placebo. Thus, both formulations produce a
preferred log reduction and provide sufficient performance.
[0026] The reduced potential for eye irritation of various
formulations of the compositions formed in accordance with the
present invention was conducted using a Bovine Corneal Opacity and
Permeability (BCOP) assay. The BCOP assay is known in the consumer
products industry as an in vitro test for eye irritation potential.
For surfactant-based formulations, the Permeability Value (PERMV)
is also a measure of potential irritancy in the BCOP assay.
Specifically, the Permeability Value is the Optical Density at 490
nm (OD490) determined with a spectrophotometer. It is used to
measure the potential for eye irritation with higher irritation
potential corresponding to higher Permeability Values. For personal
cleansing compositions like liquid hand soaps, shower gels, and the
like, an appropriate harsh control (control with high known
potential for eye irritation) has a (PERMV) of 1 or higher. For
example, a commercial liquid hand soap that is recognized as having
potential for causing eye irritation has a (PERMV) of 1 to 1.125 in
the BCOP assay. In general, compositions with PERMVs less than 1
are preferred in the art.
[0027] In this example, various embodiments of antibacterial
compositions were tested using the BCOP assay. Table 3 summarizes
the base formulation used while varying the ratio of nonionic
material to lauramine oxide and measuring the resulting PERMV
score.
TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Base Formulation weight percent Deionized
Water Variable Natrosol 250HHR CS 1.0 Benzethonium Chloride 1.0
Lauramine oxide 0.3% or 1.5% Nonionic material (Pluronic F108 or
variable decyl polyglucoside) Total 100%
[0028] Table 4 summarizes the impact of the ratio of decyl
polyglucoside to lauramine oxide (N:A) on PERMV in the BCOP
assay.
TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 Lauramine oxide 1.5%, by weight Lauramine
oxide 0.3%, by weight N:A PERMV N:A PERMV 0:1 1.776 0:1 0.854 1.7:1
1.784 6.8:1 0.437 2:1 1.533 8.3:1 0.66* 3:1 1.971 8.5:1 0.812
*Formulation 2, as above
[0029] Table 4 reveals that lauramine oxide is a key determinant of
PERMV values. Lower lauramine oxide levels leads to lower PERMV,
and hence lower eye irritation potential. Additionally, this
example illustrates the surprising discovery that increasing the
N:A ratio leads to lower PERMV, and hence decreasing eye irritation
potential, especially for compositions with lower amounts of
lauramine oxide.
[0030] Table 5 summarizes the impact of the ratio of Pluronic F108
to lauramine oxide (N:A) on PERMI in the BCOP assay.
TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 5 Lauramine oxide 1.5%, by weight Lauramine
oxide 0.3%, by weight N:A PERMV N:A PERMV 0:1 1.776 0:1 0.854 1.7:1
1.342 8.3:1 0.660 1.7:1 1.124* 8.5:1 0.532 3:1 1.123 5:1 0.643 7:1
0.587 *Formulation 1, as above
[0031] Table 5 also demonstrates that lauramine oxide is the main
determinant of PERMV values. Surprisingly however, the PERMV
scores, and the potential fore eye irritation, decrease strongly
with increasing N:A, even for formulations with high lauramine
oxide content. Without being limited by any particular theory,
amine oxides appear to be the major determinants of irritation in
formulations with quaternary ammonium germicides. Surprisingly, the
ratio of nonionic material to amine oxide can be used to manipulate
the irritation potential of formulations while maintaining
antimicrobial efficacy at constant germicide concentration.
[0032] Many modifications and variations of the invention as set
forth can be made without departing from the spirit and scope
thereof, and therefore only such limitations should be imposed as
are indicated by the appended claims.
* * * * *