U.S. patent application number 12/469234 was filed with the patent office on 2009-12-03 for perfluoroalkyl-containing complexes, process for their production as well as their use.
Invention is credited to Thomas Brumby, Joerg Meding, Bernd Misselwitz, Johannes Platzek, Heiko SCHIRMER, Heribert Schmitt-Willich, Hanns-Joachim Weinmann, Ludwig Zorn.
Application Number | 20090297454 12/469234 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 38368727 |
Filed Date | 2009-12-03 |
United States Patent
Application |
20090297454 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
SCHIRMER; Heiko ; et
al. |
December 3, 2009 |
Perfluoroalkyl-Containing Complexes, Process For Their Production
As Well As Their Use
Abstract
The invention relates to the subjects that are characterized in
the claims, namely perfluoroalkyl-containing metal complexes with
nitrogen-containing radicals of general formula I, process for
their production and their use in NMR and x-ray diagnosis,
radiodiagnosis, and radiotherapy, as well as in MRT lymphography
and in blood-pool imaging.
Inventors: |
SCHIRMER; Heiko; (Berlin,
DE) ; Weinmann; Hanns-Joachim; (Berlin, DE) ;
Platzek; Johannes; (Berlin, DE) ; Zorn; Ludwig;
(Berlin, DE) ; Misselwitz; Bernd; (Glienicke,
DE) ; Meding; Joerg; (Berlin, DE) ;
Schmitt-Willich; Heribert; (Berlin, DE) ; Brumby;
Thomas; (Berlin, DE) |
Correspondence
Address: |
MILLEN, WHITE, ZELANO & BRANIGAN, P.C.
2200 CLARENDON BLVD., SUITE 1400
ARLINGTON
VA
22201
US
|
Family ID: |
38368727 |
Appl. No.: |
12/469234 |
Filed: |
May 20, 2009 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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11487604 |
Jul 17, 2006 |
|
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12469234 |
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|
60701032 |
Jul 21, 2005 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
424/9.3 ;
424/9.4; 514/184; 540/465 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61K 51/0478 20130101;
A61K 51/0482 20130101; A61K 49/0002 20130101; A61K 49/103 20130101;
C07D 257/02 20130101; A61K 49/04 20130101; A61K 49/106
20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
424/9.3 ;
540/465; 424/9.4; 514/184 |
International
Class: |
A61K 49/06 20060101
A61K049/06; C07D 225/00 20060101 C07D225/00; A61K 49/04 20060101
A61K049/04; A61K 31/555 20060101 A61K031/555 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Jul 15, 2005 |
DE |
10 2005 033 902.6 |
Claims
1-22. (canceled)
23. A perfluoroalkyl-containing complexes with a
nitrogen-containing linker structure of formula I ##STR00028## in
which R represents a monosaccharide or oligosaccharide radical that
is bonded via the 1-OH, in which case Q is one of the following
groups .delta.-CO--(CH.sub.2).sub.n''-.epsilon.
.delta.-NH--(CH.sub.2).sub.n''-.epsilon.
.delta.-(CH).sub.m-.epsilon. wherein n'' is an integer from 1 and
5, and m is an integer from 1 and 6, and wherein .delta. indicates
the binding site to linker L, and .epsilon. represents the binding
site to radical R; or R is case Q has the meaning of a direct bond,
means a polar radical that is selected from the complexes K of
formulas II to V, wherein R.sup.1 here means a hydrogen atom or a
metal ion equivalent of the atomic numbers 20-29, 31-33, 37-39,
42-44, 49 or 57-83, or a carbon chain with 1-30 C atoms that is
bonded via --CO--, --NR.sup.7-- or a direct bond to linker L, which
can be straight or branched, saturated or unsaturated, and which
optionally is interrupted by 1-10 oxygen atoms, 1-5 --NHCO groups,
1-5 --CONH groups, 1-2 sulfur atoms, 1-5 --NH groups or 1-2
phenylene groups, which optionally can be substituted by 1-2--OH
groups, 1-2 --NH.sub.2 groups, 1-2 --COOH groups, or 1-2
--SO.sub.3H groups, and which optionally is substituted by 1-10
--OH groups, 1-5 --COOH groups, 1-2 SO.sub.3H groups, 1-5
--NH.sub.2 groups, or 1-5 C.sub.1-C.sub.4-alkoxy groups, R.sup.7
means H or C.sub.1-C.sub.4-alkyl, R.sub.f is a perfluorinated,
straight-chain or branched carbon chain with the formula
--C.sub.nF.sub.2nE, in which E represents a terminal fluorine,
chlorine, bromine, iodine or hydrogen atom, and n stands for the
numbers 4-30, K stands for a metal complex of formula II,
##STR00029## in which R.sup.1 means a hydrogen atom or a metal ion
equivalent of atomic numbers 21-29, 31-33, 37-39, 42-44, 49 or
57-83, provided that at least two R.sup.1 stand for metal ion
equivalents, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3, independently of one another,
represent hydrogen, C.sub.1-C.sub.7-alkyl, benzyl, phenyl,
--CH.sub.2OH or --CH.sub.2OCH.sub.3, and U stands for
--C.sub.6H.sub.4--O--CH.sub.2-.omega.-,
--(CH.sub.2).sub.1-5-.omega., a phenylene group,
--CH.sub.2--NHCO--CH.sub.2--CH(CH.sub.2COOH)--C.sub.6H.sub.4-.omega.-,
--C.sub.6H.sub.4--(OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2).sub.0-1--N(CH.sub.2COOH)--CH.sub.2--
.omega. or a C.sub.1-C.sub.12-alkylene or
--(CH.sub.2).sub.7-12--C.sub.6H.sub.4--O group that optionally is
interrupted by one or more oxygen atoms, 1 to 3 --NHCO groups, or 1
to 3 --CONH groups and/or is substituted by 1 to 3
--(CH.sub.2).sub.0-5COOH groups, wherein .omega. stands for the
binding site to --CO--, or of formula III ##STR00030## in which
R.sup.1 has the above-mentioned meaning, R.sup.4 represents
hydrogen or a metal ion equivalent that is mentioned under R.sup.1,
and U.sup.1 represents --C.sub.6H.sub.4--O--CH.sub.2-.omega.- or a
group --(CH.sub.2).sub.p--, wherein .omega. means the binding site
to --CO-- and p.sup.1 is an integer between 1 and 4, or of formula
IV ##STR00031## in which R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 have the
above-mentioned meaning or of formula VA or VB ##STR00032##
##STR00033## in which R.sup.1 has the above-mentioned meaning, or
of formula VI ##STR00034## in which R.sup.1 has the above-mentioned
meaning, or of formula VII ##STR00035## in which R.sup.1 and
U.sup.1 have the above-mentioned meaning, whereby .omega. means the
binding site to --CO--, or of formula VIII ##STR00036## in which
R.sup.1 has the above-mentioned meaning, and U.sup.2 represents a
straight-chain or branched, saturated or unsaturated
C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkylene group that optionally contains imino,
phenylene, phenylenoxy, phenylenimino, amide, hydrazide, carbonyl,
ester group(s), oxygen, sulfur and/or nitrogen atom(s) and that
optionally is substituted by hydroxy, mercapto, oxo, thioxo,
carboxy, carboxyalkyl, ester and/or amino group(s), and free acid
groups, optionally present in radical K, can optionally be present
as salts of organic and/or inorganic bases or amino acids or amino
acid amides, and L represents a radical that is selected from
radicals IXa) to IXc) below: ##STR00037## wherein n' and m',
independently of one another, represent an integer between 0 and 4,
and m'+n'.gtoreq.1, and R.sup.8 and R.sup.8', independently of one
another, are either --H or --OH, wherein with m'+n'>1, each
group --(CR.sup.8R.sup.8')-- can be the same or different, and W is
either a direct bond, --O-- or a phenylene group, which optionally
can be substituted by 1 to 4 hydroxy groups, and q' is 1, 2, 3 or
4, wherein .alpha. means the binding site of L to complex K, .beta.
is the binding site of L to radical Q, and .gamma. represents the
binding site of L to radical X, and X stands for a group of formula
(VI) .rho.-Y--(CH.sub.2).sub.s-(G).sub.t-(CH.sub.2).sub.s'-.zeta.
(X) wherein Y means a direct bond, a group --O-- or a group
NR.sup.6, wherein R.sup.6 stands for --H or a straight or branched,
saturated or unsaturated C.sub.1-C.sub.15 carbon chain, which can
be interrupted by 1-4 O atoms, 1-3 --NHCO groups, 1-3 --CONH
groups, 1-2 --SO.sub.2 groups, 1-2 sulfur atoms, 1-3 --NH groups or
1-2 phenylene groups, which optionally can be substituted by 1-2 OH
groups, 1-2 NH.sub.2 groups, 1-2 --COOH groups or 1-2 --SO.sub.3H
groups, and which optionally is substituted by 1-10 OH groups, 1-5
--COOH groups, 1-2 --SO.sub.3H groups, 1-5 NH.sub.2 groups, or 1-5
C.sub.1-C.sub.4-alkoxy groups, and G means either --O-- or
--SO.sub.2--, s and s', independently of one another, mean 1 or 2,
t means 0 or 1 and .rho. represents the binding site of X to L and
.xi. represents the binding site of X to R.sub.f.
24. A metal complex according to claim 23, wherein the metal ion
equivalent R.sup.1 is an element of atomic numbers 21-29, 39, 42,
44 or 57-83.
25. A metal complex according to claim 23, wherein the metal ion
equivalent R.sup.1 is an element of atomic numbers 27, 29, 31-33,
37-39, 43, 49, 62, 64, 70, 75 or 77.
26. A metal complex according to claim 23, wherein R represents a
monosaccharide radical with 5 to 6 C atoms or its deoxy
compound.
27. A metal complex according to claim 23, wherein R is one of the
following radicals C(O)CH.sub.2O[(CH.sub.2).sub.2O].sub.pR'
C(O)CH.sub.2OCH[CH.sub.2OCH(CH.sub.2OR').sub.2].sub.2
C(O)CH.sub.2OCH.sub.2CH[CH.sub.2OCH(CH.sub.2OR').sub.2].sub.2
R''N[(CH.sub.2).sub.2O].sub.pR'
N{[(CH.sub.2).sub.2O].sub.pR'}.sub.2 R''NCH.sub.2CH(OH)CH.sub.2OH
N[CH.sub.2CH(OH)CH.sub.2OH].sub.2
R''NCH(CH.sub.2OH)CH(OH)CH.sub.2OH
N[CH(CH.sub.2OH)CH(OH)CH.sub.2OH].sub.2
R''NCH[CH.sub.2OCH(CH.sub.2OR').sub.2].sub.2
R''NCH.sub.2CH[CH.sub.2OCH(CH.sub.2OR').sub.2].sub.2
R''NCH.sub.2CH.sub.2OCH[CH.sub.2OCH(CH.sub.2OR').sub.2].sub.2
R''NCH.sub.2CH.sub.2OCH.sub.2CH[CH.sub.2OCH(CH.sub.2OR').sub.2].sub.2
N{CH[CH.sub.2OCH(CH.sub.2OR').sub.2].sub.2}.sub.2
N{CH.sub.2CH[CH.sub.2OCH(CH.sub.2OR').sub.2].sub.2}.sub.2
R''NCH.sub.2CH(OH)CH(OH)CH(OH)CH(OH)CH.sub.2OH
N[CH.sub.2CH(OH)CH(OH)CH(OH)CH(OH)CH.sub.2OH].sub.2 and a complex
of formula (II), wherein p is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9.
28. A metal complex according to claim 23, wherein K stands for a
metal complex of formula II.
29. A metal complex according to claim 28, wherein R.sup.2 and
R.sup.3, independently of one another, mean hydrogen or
C.sub.1-C.sub.4-alkyl.
30. A metal complex according to claim 23, wherein E means a
fluorine atom in the formula --C.sub.nF.sub.2nF.
31. A metal complex according to claim 23, wherein L in formula I
represents the lysine radical (Vc).
32. A metal complex according to claim 23, wherein L in formula I
represents a diamine radical (Va) or (Vb).
33. A metal complex according to claim 23, wherein U represents
--CH.sub.2-- or --C.sub.6H.sub.4--O--CH.sub.2-.omega. in metal
complex K, wherein .omega. stands for the binding site to
--CO--.
34. A method for NMR or x-ray diagnosis, comprising administering
to a subject undergoing NM or x-ray diagnosis an effective amount
of a contrast media comprising a metal complex according to claim
24.
35. A method according to claim 34, which is for infarction or
necrosis imaging.
36. A method for radiodiagnosis or radiotherapy, comprising
administering to a subject undergoing radiodiagnosis or
radiotherapy an effective amount of a contrast media comprising a
metal complex according to claim 25.
37. A method for lymphography for diagnosis of changes in the
lymphatic system, comprising administering to a subject undergoing
lymphography for diagnosis of changes in the lymphatic system an
effective amount of a contrast media comprising a metal complex
according to claim 25.
38. A method for the diagnosis of an inflammatory disease,
comprising administering to a subject undergoing diagnosis of an
inflammatory disease an effective amount of a contrast media
comprising a metal complex according to claim 24.
39. A method for visualizing arteriosclerotic plaque, comprising
administering to a subject undergoing visualization of an
arteriosclerotic plaque an effective amount of a contrast media
comprising a metal complex according to claim 24.
40. A method for diagnosis of a cardiovascular disease, comprising
administering to a subject undergoing diagnosis of a cardiovascular
disease an effective amount of a contrast media comprising a metal
complex according to claim 24.
41. A method for tumor imaging, comprising administering to a
subject undergoing tumor imaging an effective amount of a contrast
media comprising a metal complex according to claim 24.
42. A method for blood-pool imaging, comprising administering to a
subject undergoing blood-pool imaging an effective amount of a
contrast media comprising a metal complex according to claim
24.
43. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a metal complex
according to claim 23, and a galenically acceptable additive or
carrier.
44. A process for preparing a perfluoroalkyl-containing complex
with a nitrogen-containing linker structure of formula I
##STR00038## with K in the meaning of a metal complex of one of
formulas II to IV comprising reacting a carboxylic acid of formula
IIa ##STR00039## in which R.sup.5 means a metal ion equivalent of
atomic numbers 21-29, 31-33, 37-39, 42-44, 49 or 57-83 or a
carboxyl protective group, and R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and U have the
above-mentioned meaning, or a carboxylic acid of formula IIIa
##STR00040## in which R.sup.4, R.sup.5 and U.sup.1 have the
above-mentioned meaning, or a carboxylic acid of formula IVa
##STR00041## in which R.sup.5 and R.sup.2 have the above-mentioned
meaning, or a carboxylic acid of formula Va or Vb ##STR00042## in
which R.sup.5 has the above-mentioned meaning, or a carboxylic acid
of formula VIa ##STR00043## in which R.sup.5 has the
above-mentioned meaning, or a carboxylic acid of formula VIIa
##STR00044## in which R.sup.5 and U.sup.1 have the above-mentioned
meanings, or a carboxylic acid of formula VIIIa ##STR00045## in
which R.sup.5 has the above-mentioned meanings, and U.sup.2 is
defined as above, in optionally activated form with an amine of
formula X ##STR00046## in which L, R, R.sub.f, Q and X have the
meaning indicated above, in a coupling reaction and optionally
subsequent cleavage of optionally present protective groups to form
a metal complex of formula I or if R.sup.5 has the meaning of a
protective group, cleaving these protective groups and reacting
with at least one metal oxide or metal salt of an element of atomic
numbers 21-29, 31-33, 37-39, 42-44, 49 or 57-83, and then,
optionally present acidic hydrogen atoms are substituted by cations
of inorganic and/or organic bases, amino acids or amino acid
amides.
Description
[0001] This application is a divisional application of U.S. Ser.
No. 11/487,604 filed Jul. 17, 2006 and claims the benefit of the
filing date of U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 60/701,032
filed Jul. 21, 2005.
DESCRIPTION
[0002] The invention relates to the subjects that are characterized
in the claims, namely perfluoroalkyl-containing metal complexes
with nitrogen-containing radicals of general formula I, process for
their production and their use in NMR and x-ray diagnosis,
radiodiagnosis and radiotherapy, as well as in MRT lymphography and
in blood-pool imaging. The perfluoroalkyl-containing metal
complexes are used in nuclear spin resonance tomography (MRT) for
visualizing different physiological and pathophysiological
structures and thus for improving diagnostic information, namely
the location and the degree of the disease, selection and
monitoring of the success of a targeted therapy and for
prophylaxis.
[0003] The compounds according to the invention are suitable in a
quite special way for lymphography, for tumor diagnosis and for
infarction and necrosis imaging.
[0004] In the field of nuclear magnetic resonance, some
fluorine-containing compounds are known that can be used in the
area of imaging. In most cases, however, such compounds are
proposed only for use in fluorine-19 imaging and are suitable only
for this application. Such compounds are disclosed in, for example,
U.S. Pat. No. 4,639,364 (Mallinckrodt), DE 4203254
(Max-Planck-Gesellschaft), WO 93/07907 (Mallinckrodt), U.S. Pat.
No. 4,586,511 (Children's Hospital Medical Center), EP 307863 (Air
Products), U.S. Pat. No. 4,588,279 (University of Cincinnati,
Children's Hospital Research Foundation) and WO 94/22368 (Molecular
Biosystems).
[0005] Additional fluorine-containing compounds that can be used
for imaging are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,362,478 (VIVORX), U.S.
Pat. No. 4,586,511, DE 4008179 (Schering), WO 94/05335 and WO
94/22368 (both molecular biosystems), EP 292 306 (TERUMO Kabushiki
Kaisha), EP 628 316 (TERUMO Kabushiki Kaisha) and DE 4317588
(Schering).
[0006] While no interactions between the two nuclei take place in
compounds that contain the elements fluorine and iodine, an
intensive interaction does take place in compounds that contain
fluorine and paramagnetic centers (radicals, metal ions), and said
intensive interaction is expressed in a shortening of the
relaxation time of the fluorine nucleus. The extent of this effect
depends on the number of unpaired electrons of the metal ion
(Gd.sup.3+>Mn.sup.2+>Fe.sup.3+>Cu.sup.2+) and on the
removal between the paramagnetic ion and the .sup.19F atom.
[0007] The more unpaired electrons of the metal ion are present and
the closer the latter are brought to the fluorine, the greater the
shortening of the relaxation time of the fluorine nucleus.
[0008] The shortening of the relaxation time as a function of the
interval from the paramagnetic ion becomes apparent in all nuclei
with an uneven spin number, thus also in the case of protons, and
gadolinium compounds are therefore widely used as contrast media in
nuclear spin tomography (Magnevist.RTM., Prohance.RTM.,
Omniscan.RTM. and Dotarem.RTM.).
[0009] In .sup.1H-MR imaging (.sup.1H-MRI), however, relaxation
time T.sup.1 or T.sup.2 of the protons, i.e., primarily the protons
of water, and not the relaxation time of the fluorine nuclei is
measured and used for the imaging. The quantitative measurement for
the shortening of the relaxation time is the relaxivity [L/mmols].
To shorten the relaxation times, complexes of paramagnetic ions are
successfully used. In the table below, the relaxivity of several
commercial preparations is indicated:
TABLE-US-00001 T.sup.1 Relaxivity T.sup.1 Relaxivity in Water
[L/mmol s, in Plasma [L/mmol s, 39.degree. C., 0.47 T] 39.degree.
C., 0.47 T] MAGNEVIST .RTM. 3.8 4.8 DOTAREM .RTM. 3.5 4.3 OMNISCAN
.RTM. 3.8 4.4 PRO HANCE .RTM. 3.7 4.9
[0010] In these compounds, only interactions between protons and
the gadolinium ion take place. A relaxivity of about 4 [L/mmols] is
thus observed for these contrast media in water.
[0011] Both fluorine compounds for fluorine-19 imaging, in which
the shortened relaxation time of the fluorine nucleus is used, and
non-fluorine-containing compounds, in which the relaxation time of
the protons of water is measured, are thus used successfully for MR
imaging.
[0012] In the introduction of a perfluorocarbon-containing radical
in a paramagnetic contrast medium, i.e., in the combination of
properties that were previously known to be suitable only for
fluorine-imaging compounds, with compounds that were used for
proton imaging, surprisingly enough, the relaxivity that relates to
the protons of water also quickly increases. It now reaches values
of 10-50 [L/mmols] in comparison to values of between 3.5 and 3.8
[L/mmols] as they were already cited for some commercial products
in the table above.
[0013] Perfluoroalkyl-containing metal complexes are already known
from DE 196 03 033.1, WO 99/01161, DE 19914101, DE 10040381, and DE
10040858. These compounds cannot be used satisfactorily, however,
for all applications, since the compatibility is inadequate in most
cases. Thus, there is still a need for MRT contrast media that both
have excellent imaging properties and are at the same time
excellently compatible in obtaining the non-invasive nature of the
diagnostic method. This is important, for example, if tumors,
including satellite metastases, are to be diagnosed and thus a
distribution of the contrast medium over the entire body is to be
achieved.
[0014] Malignant tumors metastasize in clusters in regional lymph
nodes, whereby several lymph node stations can also be involved.
Thus, lymph node metastases are found in about 50-69% of all
patients with malignant tumors (Elke, Lymphographie [Lymphography],
in: Frommhold, Stender, Thurn (Eds.), Radiologische Diagnostik in
Klinik und Praxis [Radiological Diagnosis in Clinical Studies and
in Practice], Volume IV, Thieme Verlag Stuttgart, 7.sup.th Ed.,
434-496, 1984). The diagnosis of a metastatic attack of lymph nodes
is of great importance with respect to the therapy and prognosis of
malignant diseases. With the modern imaging methods (CT, US and
MRI), lymphogenous evacuations of malignant tumors are only
inadequately detected, since in most cases, only the size of the
lymph node can be used as a diagnostic criterion. Thus, small
metastases in non-enlarged lymph nodes (<2 cm) cannot be
distinguished from lymph node hyperplasias without a malignant
attack (Steinkamp et al., Sonographie und Kernspintomographie:
Differentialdiagnostik von reaktiver Lymphknoten-vergro.beta.erung
und Lymphknotenmetastasen am Hals [Sonography and Nuclear Spin
Tomography: Differential Diagnosis of Reactive Lymph Node
Enlargement and Lymph Node Metastases on the Neck], Radiol. Diagn.
33: 158, 1992).
[0015] It would be desirable that when using specific contrast
media, lymph nodes with metastatic attack and hyperplastic lymph
nodes can be distinguished.
[0016] The direct x-ray lymphography (injection of an oily contrast
medium suspension in a prepared lymph vessel) is known as an
invasive method, used only rarely, that can visualize only a few
lymph drainage stations.
[0017] Fluorescence-labeled dextrans are also used experimentally
in animal experiments to be able to observe the lymph drainage
after their interstitial administration. After
interstitial/intracutaneous administration, all commonly used
markers for the visualization of lymph tracts and lymph nodes have
in common the fact that they are substances with a particulate
nature ("particulates," e.g., emulsions and nanocrystal
suspensions) or large polymers (see above, WO 90/14846). The
previously described preparations have proven to be still not
optimally suitable for indirect lymphography, however, because of
their deficient local and systemic compatibility as well as their
small lymphatic passageway, which causes insufficient diagnostic
efficiency.
[0018] Since the visualization of lymph nodes is of central
importance for the early detection of metastatic attack in cancer
patients, a great need for lymph-specific contrast medium
preparations exists for diagnosis of corresponding changes of the
lymphatic system, which are characterized by very good
compatibility. In terms of this invention, the lymphatic system
comprises both the lymph nodes and the lymph vessels. The
substances of this invention are therefore suitable for diagnosis
of changes of the lymphatic system, preferably for diagnosis of
changes of the lymph nodes and/or the lymph vessels, in particular
diagnoses of metastases in lymph nodes.
[0019] The highest possible contrast medium concentration and high
stability are just as desirable as the diagnostically relevant,
most uniform possible lymphatic concentration over several lymph
stations. The burden on the overall organism should be kept low by
quick and complete excretion of the contrast medium. A quick
start-up, if possible as early as within a few hours after the
administration of contrast medium, is important for radiological
practice. Good compatibility is necessary.
[0020] Last but not least, it is desirable to have lymph-specific
contrast media available that allow both the primary tumor and a
possible lymph node metastasis to be visualized in a diagnostic
session.
[0021] Another important area in medicine is the detecting,
locating and monitoring of necroses or infarctions. Thus, the
myocardial infarction is not a stationary process, but rather a
dynamic process that extends over a prolonged period (weeks to
months). The disease runs its course in about three phases, which
are not strictly separated from one another but rather are
overlapping. The first phase, the development of the myocardial
infarction, comprises the 24 hours after infarction, in which the
destruction progresses like a shock wave (wave front phenomenon)
from the subendocardium to the myocardium. The second phase, the
already existing infarction, comprises the stabilization of the
area in which fiber formation (fibrosis) takes place as a healing
process. The third phase, the healed infarction, begins after all
destroyed tissue is replaced by fibrous scar tissue. During this
period, an extensive restructuring takes place.
[0022] Up until now, no precise and reliable process has been known
that enables the current phase of a myocardial infarction in a
living patient to be diagnosed. To evaluate a myocardial
infarction, it is of decisive importance to know how large the
portion of tissue that is definitively lost in the infarction is
and at what point the loss occurred, since the type of therapy
depends on this knowledge.
[0023] Infarctions occur not only in the myocardium but also in
other tissues, especially in the brain.
[0024] While the infarction can be healed to a certain extent, only
the harmful sequelae for the rest of the organism can be prevented
or at least moderated in the case of a necrosis, locally limited
tissue death. Necroses can develop in multiple ways: by injuries,
chemicals, oxygen deficiency, or by radiation. As in the case of
infarction, the knowledge of scope and type of necrosis is
important for further medical treatment.
[0025] Tests to improve the localization of infarctions and
necroses by the use of contrast media in non-invasive processes
such as scintigraphy or nuclear spin tomography were therefore
already carried out earlier. In the literature, tests to use
porphyrins for necrosis imaging occupy a large space. The results
that are achieved, however, paint a contradictory picture. In
addition, porphyrins tend to be deposited in the skin, which leads
to a photosensitization.
[0026] Contrast media, not derived from the porphyrin skeleton, for
necrosis and infarction imaging are described in DE 19744003
(Schering AG), DE 19744004 (Schering AG) and WO 99/17809 (EPIX). To
date, however, there are still no compounds that can be used
satisfactorily as contrast media in infarction and necrosis imaging
and are characterized at the same time by excellent
compatibility.
[0027] The same problem exists in the area of compounds that can be
used to diagnose thrombi or arteriosclerotic plaque: there are no
compounds that can be used satisfactorily as contrast media for
visualizing thrombi or arteriosclerotic plaque and are
characterized at the same time by excellent compatibility.
[0028] An object of the invention was therefore to make available
contrast media that have, on the one hand, excellent imaging
properties as MRT contrast media and are suitable in particular for
tumor and necrosis imaging, and/or lymphography and/or blood-pool
imaging and/or for visualizing thrombi or arteriosclerotic plaque,
and at the same time are distinguished by excellent
compatibility.
[0029] The object of the invention is achieved by the
perfluoroalkyl-containing complexes with a nitrogen-containing
linker structure of general formula I
##STR00001##
in which [0030] R either represents [0031] a monosaccharide or
oligosaccharide radical that is bonded via the 1-OH, [0032] in
which case Q has the meaning of a group selected from: [0033]
.delta.-CO--(CH.sub.2).sub.n''-.epsilon. [0034]
.delta.-NH--(CH.sub.2).sub.n''-.epsilon. [0035]
.delta.-(CH.sub.2).sub.m-.epsilon. [0036] whereby [0037] n'' is an
integer from 1 and 5, and [0038] m is an integer from 1 and 6, and
[0039] whereby .delta. indicates the binding site to linker L, and
.epsilon. represents the binding site to radical R; [0040] or
[0041] R has one of the following meanings, then Q has the meaning
of a direct bond: R means a polar radical that is selected from
[0042] The complexes K of general formulas II to V, whereby R.sup.1
here means a hydrogen atom or a metal ion equivalent of the atomic
numbers 20-29, 31-33, 37-39, 42-44, 49 or 57-83, [0043] and
radicals R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, U and U.sub.1 have the meaning
indicated below, or [0044] A carbon chain with 1-30 C atoms that is
bonded via --CO--, --NR.sup.7-- or a direct bond to linker L,
[0045] which can be straight or branched, saturated or unsaturated,
and which [0046] optionally is interrupted by 1-10 oxygen atoms,
1-5 --NHCO groups, 1-5 --CONH groups, 1-2 sulfur atoms, 1-5 --NH
groups or 1-2 phenylene groups, which optionally can be substituted
by 1-2 OH groups, 1-2 NH.sub.2 groups, 1-2 --COOH groups, or 1-2
--SO.sub.3H groups, and which [0047] optionally is substituted by
1-10 --OH groups, 1-5 --COOH groups, 1-2 SO.sub.3H groups, 1-5
NH.sub.2 groups, or 1-5 C.sub.1-C.sub.4-alkoxy groups, whereby
R.sup.7 means H or C.sub.1-C.sub.4-alkyl, [0048] R.sub.f is a
perfluorinated, straight-chain or branched carbon chain with the
formula --C.sub.nF.sub.2nE, in which E represents a terminal
fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine or hydrogen atom, and n stands
for the numbers 4-30, [0049] K stands for a metal complex of
general formula II,
##STR00002##
[0049] in which [0050] R.sup.1 means a hydrogen atom or a metal ion
equivalent of atomic numbers 21-29, 31-33, 37-39, 42-44, 49 or
57-83, [0051] provided that at least two R.sup.1 stand for metal
ion equivalents, [0052] R.sup.2 and R.sup.3, independently of one
another, represent hydrogen, C.sub.1-C.sub.7-alkyl, benzyl, phenyl,
--CH.sub.2OH or --CH.sub.2OCH.sub.3, and [0053] U stands for
--C.sub.6H.sub.4--O--CH.sub.2-.omega.-,
--(CH.sub.2).sub.1-5-.omega., a phenylene group, a
--CH.sub.2--NHCO--CH.sub.2--CH(CH.sub.2COOH)--C.sub.6H.sub.4-.omega.-,
--C.sub.6H.sub.4--(OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2).sub.0-1--N(CH.sub.2COOH)--CH.sub.2--
.omega. or a C.sub.1-C.sub.12-alkylene or
--(CH.sub.2).sub.7-12--C.sub.6H.sub.4--O group that optionally is
interrupted by one or more oxygen atoms, 1 to 3 --NHCO groups, or 1
to 3 --CONH groups and/or is substituted by 1 to 3
--(CH.sub.2).sub.0-5COOH groups, whereby .omega. stands for the
binding site to --CO--,
[0054] or of general formula III
##STR00003##
[0055] in which R.sup.1 has the above-mentioned meaning, R.sup.4
represents hydrogen or a metal ion equivalent that is mentioned
under R.sup.1, and U.sup.1 represents
--C.sub.6H.sub.4--O--CH.sub.2-.omega.- or a group
--(CH.sub.2).sub.p--, whereby .omega. means the binding site to
--CO-- and p.sup.1 is an integer between 1 and 4,
[0056] or of general formula IV
##STR00004##
[0057] in which R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 have the above-mentioned
meaning
[0058] or of general formula V A or V B
##STR00005##
[0059] in which R.sup.1 has the above-mentioned meaning,
[0060] or of general formula VI
##STR00006##
[0061] in which R.sup.1 has the above-mentioned meaning,
[0062] or of general formula VII
##STR00007##
[0063] in which R.sup.1 and U1 have the above-mentioned meaning,
whereby .omega. means the binding site to --CO--,
[0064] or of general formula VIII
##STR00008##
[0065] in which R.sup.1 has the above-mentioned meaning,
[0066] and U.sup.2 represents a straight-chain or branched,
saturated or unsaturated C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkylene group that
optionally contains imino, phenylene, phenylenoxy, phenylenimino,
amide, hydrazide, carbonyl, ester groups, oxygen, sulfur and/or
nitrogen atom(s) and that optionally is substituted by hydroxy,
mercapto, oxo, thioxo, carboxy, carboxyalkyl, ester and/or amino
group(s),
[0067] and free acid groups, optionally present in radical K, can
optionally be present as salts of organic and/or inorganic bases or
amino acids or amino acid amides,
[0068] and L represents a radical that is selected from radicals
IXa) to IXc) below:
##STR00009## [0069] whereby n' and m', independently of one
another, represent an integer between 0 and 4, and m'+n'.gtoreq.1;
preferably m'+n' is equal to 1, 2, or 3, and [0070] R.sup.8 and
R.sup.8', independently of one another, are either --H or --OH,
whereby with m'+n'>1, each group --(CR.sup.8R.sup.8')-- can be
different, and [0071] W is either a direct bond, --O-- or a
phenylene group, which optionally can be substituted by 1 to 4
hydroxy groups, [0072] and q' is either 1, 2, 3 or 4, [0073]
whereby .alpha. means the binding site of L to complex K, .beta. is
the binding site of L to radical Q, and .gamma. represents the
binding site of L to radical X, [0074] and [0075] X stands for a
group of formula (VI)
[0075] .rho.-Y--(CH.sub.2).sub.s-(G).sub.t-(CH.sub.2).sub.s'-.zeta.
(X) [0076] whereby Y means a direct bond, a group --CO-- or a group
NR.sup.6, [0077] whereby R.sup.6 stands for --H or a straight or
branched, saturated or unsaturated C.sub.1-C.sub.15 carbon chain,
which can be interrupted by 1-4 O atoms, 1-3 --NHCO groups, 1-3
--CONH groups, 1-2 --SO.sub.2 groups, 1-2 sulfur atoms, 1-3 --NH
groups or 1-2 phenylene groups, [0078] which optionally can be
substituted by 1-2 OH groups, 1-2 NH.sub.2 groups, 1-2 --COOH
groups or 1-2 --SO.sub.3H groups, [0079] and which optionally is
substituted by 1-10 OH groups, 1-5 --COOH groups, 1-2 --SO.sub.3H
groups, 1-5 NH.sub.2 groups, or 1-5 C.sub.1-C.sub.4-alkoxy groups,
[0080] and G means either --O-- or --SO.sub.2--, [0081] s and s',
independently of one another, mean either 1 or 2, t means either 0
or 1, and [0082] .rho. represents the binding site of X to L and
.zeta. represents the binding site of X to R.sub.f.
[0083] In a preferred embodiment, R.sup.6 is H or a
C.sub.1-C.sub.6-alkyl group, which can be interrupted by 1-3 O
atoms and which can be substituted by 1-4 --OH groups.
[0084] In an especially preferred embodiment, R.sup.6 is a
C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkyl group.
[0085] In a preferred embodiment, G means the group --O--.
[0086] In an especially preferred embodiment, t=0.
[0087] In a preferred embodiment, W is a direct bond.
[0088] In a preferred embodiment, radical R that is bonded to
linker L via a --CO--, --NR.sup.7-- or a direct bond is a carbon
chain with 1-30 C atoms that is interrupted by 1 to 10 oxygen atoms
and/or is substituted by 1-10 OH groups.
[0089] In an especially preferred embodiment, R is a C1-C12 carbon
chain that is bonded via a --CO--, --NR.sup.7-- or direct bond to
L, which is interrupted by 1 to 6 oxygen atoms and/or is
substituted by 1-6 OH groups.
[0090] If the compound according to the invention is intended for
use in NMR diagnosis, the metal ion of the signaling group must be
paramagnetic. These are in particular the divalent and trivalent
ions of elements of atomic numbers 21-29, 42, 44 and 58-70.
Suitable ions are, for example, the chromium(III), iron(II), cobalt
(II), nickel(II), copper(II), praseodymium(III), neodymium(III),
samarium(III) and ytterbium(III) ions. Because of their strong
magnetic moment, gadolinium(III), terbium(III), dysprosium(III),
holmium(III), erbium(III), iron(III) and manganese(II) ions are
especially preferred.
[0091] For use of the compounds according to the invention in
nuclear medicine (radiodiagnosis and radiotherapy), the metal ion
must be radioactive. For example, radioisotopes of elements with
atomic numbers 27, 29, 31-33, 37-39, 43, 49, 62, 64, 70, 75 and 77
are suitable. Technetium, gallium, indium, rhenium and yttrium are
preferred.
[0092] If the compound according to the invention is intended for
use in x-ray diagnosis, the metal ion is preferably derived from an
element of a higher atomic number to achieve sufficient absorption
of x-rays. It was found that for this purpose, diagnostic agents
that contain a physiologically compatible complex salt with metal
ions of elements of atomic numbers 25, 26 and 39 as well as 57-83
are suitable.
[0093] Manganese(II), iron(II), iron(III), praseodymium(III),
neodymium(III), samarium(III), gadolinium(III), ytterbium(III) or
bismuth(III) ions, in particular dysprosium(III) ions and
yttrium(III) ions, are preferred.
[0094] Acidic hydrogen atoms that are optionally present in
R.sup.1, i.e., those that have not been substituted by the central
ion, can optionally be replaced completely or partially by cations
of inorganic and/or organic bases or amino acids or amino acid
amides.
[0095] Suitable inorganic cations are, for example, the lithium
ion, the potassium ion, the calcium ion and in particular the
sodium ion. Suitable cations of organic bases are, i.a., those of
primary, secondary or tertiary amines, such as, for example,
ethanolamine, diethanolamine, morpholine, glucamine,
N,N-dimethylglucamine and in particular N-methylglucamine. Suitable
cations of amino acids are, for example, those of lysine, arginine
and ornithine as well as the amides of otherwise acidic or neutral
amino acids.
[0096] Especially preferred compounds of general formula I are
those with macrocyclic compound K of general formula II.
[0097] Radical U in metal complex K preferably means --CH.sub.2--
or C.sub.6H.sub.4--O--CH.sub.2-.omega., whereby .omega. stands for
the binding site to --CO--.
[0098] In a preferred embodiment, U.sup.2 is a C.sub.1-C.sub.6
alkylene chain, which optionally is interrupted by 1 to 2 --NHCO
groups and/or 1 to 2 O atoms, and which can be substituted by 1 to
3 --OH groups.
[0099] Radical U2 in metal complex K preferably means in
particular: [0100] a linear alkylene group with 1 to 6 C atoms, in
particular 2, 3 or 4 C atoms, or [0101] a linear alkylene group
with 1 to 6 C atoms, in particular 2, 3 or 4 C atoms, which is
interrupted by 1 O atom, or a linear alkylene group with 1 to 6 C
atoms, in particular 2, 3 or 4 C atoms, which contains an --NHCO
group.
[0102] In an especially preferred embodiment, U is an ethylene
group.
[0103] Alkyl groups R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 in the macrocyclic compound
of general formula II can be straight-chain or branched. By way of
example, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, 1-methylpropyl,
2-methylpropyl, n-pentyl, 1-methylbutyl, 2-methylbutyl,
3-methylbutyl, and 1,2-dimethylpropyl can be mentioned. R.sup.2 and
R.sup.3, independently of one another, preferably mean hydrogen or
C.sub.1-C.sub.4-alkyl.
[0104] In a quite especially preferred embodiment, R.sup.2 stands
for methyl and R.sup.3 stands for hydrogen.
[0105] The benzyl group or the phenyl group R.sup.2 or R.sup.3 in
macrocyclic compound K of general formula II can also be
substituted in a ring.
[0106] In another preferred embodiment of the invention, R means a
monosaccharide radical with 5 or 6 C atoms, preferably glucose,
mannose, galactose, ribose, arabinose or xylose or their deoxy
sugar, such as, for example, 6-deoxygalactose (fucose) or
6-deoxymannose (rhamnose) or their peralkylated derivatives.
Especially preferred are glucose, mannose and galactose, in
particular mannose.
[0107] In another preferred embodiment of this invention, R is
selected from one of the following radicals:
[0108] C(O)CH.sub.2O[(CH.sub.2).sub.2O].sub.pR'
[0109] C(O)CH.sub.2OCH[CH.sub.2OCH(CH.sub.2OR').sub.2].sub.2
[0110]
C(O)CH.sub.2OCH.sub.2CH[CH.sub.2OCH(CH.sub.2OR').sub.2].sub.2
[0111] R''N[(CH.sub.2).sub.2O].sub.pR'
[0112] N{[(CH.sub.2).sub.2O].sub.pR'}.sub.2
[0113] R''NCH.sub.2CH(OH)CH.sub.2OH
[0114] N[CH.sub.2CH(OH)CH.sub.2OH].sub.2
[0115] R''NCH(CH.sub.2OH)CH(OH)CH.sub.2OH
[0116] N[CH(CH.sub.2OH)CH(OH)CH.sub.2OH].sub.2
[0117] R''NCH[CH.sub.2OCH(CH.sub.2OR').sub.2].sub.2
[0118] R''NCH.sub.2CH[CH.sub.2OCH(CH.sub.2OR').sub.2].sub.2
[0119]
R''NCH.sub.2CH.sub.2OCH[CH.sub.2OCH(CH.sub.2OR').sub.2].sub.2
[0120]
R''NCH.sub.2CH.sub.2OCH.sub.2CH[CH.sub.2OCH(CH.sub.2OR').sub.2].sub-
.2
[0121] N{CH[CH.sub.2OCH(CH.sub.2OR').sub.2].sub.2}.sub.2
[0122]
N{CH.sub.2CH[CH.sub.2OCH(CH.sub.2OR').sub.2].sub.2}.sub.2
[0123] R''NCH.sub.2CH(OH)CH(OH)CH(OH)CH(OH)CH.sub.2OH
[0124] N[CH.sub.2CH(OH)CH(OH)CH(OH)CH(OH)CH.sub.2OH].sub.2
and a complex of formula (II), with Q in the meaning of a direct
bond,
[0125] whereby R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and U are defined as above
for formula (II),
[0126] p is either 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9,
[0127] R.sup.1 is either H or CH.sub.3, and R'' is either H or a
C.sub.1 to C.sub.4-alkyl radical.
[0128] p is preferably 1, 2, 3, or 4.
[0129] The polar radicals that are indicated here are commercially
available products or are produced according to the methods that
are described in the literature. [0130] Cassel et al., Eur. J. Org.
Chem., 2001, 5, 875-896 [0131] Whitessides et al., JACS, 1994,
5057-5062 [0132] Voegtle et al., Liebigs Ann. Chem., 1980, 858-862
[0133] Liu et al., Chem. Commun., 2002, 594 [0134] Mitchell et al.,
Heterocyclic Chem., 1984, 697-699 [0135] Bartsch et al., J. Org.
Chem., 1984, 4076-4078 [0136] Keana et al., J. Org. Chem., 1983,
2647-2654
[0137] In a quite especially preferred embodiment, R is a radical
of formula: --C(O)CH.sub.2O[(CH.sub.2).sub.2O].sub.PR' that is
bonded via --CO-- to L.
[0138] With p and R' in the above-indicated meaning, R' is
especially preferably the group CH.sub.3.
[0139] In another preferred embodiment, Q has the meaning of a
group that is selected from:
[0140] .delta.-CO--(CH.sub.2).sub.n''-.epsilon.
[0141] whereby
[0142] n'' is an integer from 1 and 5, and
[0143] L at the same time has the meaning of a group of formula IXa
or IXb.
[0144] In another preferred embodiment, Q has the meaning of a
group that is selected from:
[0145] .delta.-NH--(CH.sub.2).sub.n''-.epsilon.
[0146] whereby
[0147] n'' is an integer from 1 and 5, and
[0148] L at the same time has the meaning of a group IXc.
[0149] Of the compounds of general formula I according to the
invention, in addition those are preferred in which R.sub.f means
--C.sub.nF.sub.2n+1; i.e., E in the formula --C.sub.nF.sub.2nE
means a fluorine atom. n preferably stands for the numbers 4-15.
Quite especially preferred are the radicals --C.sub.4F.sub.9,
--C.sub.6F.sub.13, --C.sub.8F.sub.17, --C.sub.12F.sub.25 and
--C.sub.14F.sub.29 as well as the radicals of the compounds that
are mentioned in the examples.
[0150] The nitrogen-containing radical L in general formula I,
which represents the "skeleton," means the amino acid radical (Vc)
in a preferred embodiment of the invention.
[0151] In another preferred embodiment, the nitrogen-containing
radical L in general formula I represents a diamine radical of
formula (IXb) or (IXa).
[0152] The perfluoroalkyl-containing metal complexes with a
nitrogen-containing linker structure of general formula I
##STR00010## [0153] with K in the meaning of a metal complex of
general formulas II to IV and L, Q, X, R, and R.sub.f in the
above-indicated meaning, are produced, in a way that is known in
the art, by a carboxylic acid of general formula IIa
##STR00011##
[0154] in which R.sup.5 means a metal ion equivalent of atomic
numbers 21-29, 31-33, 37-39, 42-44, 49 or 57-83 or a carboxyl
protective group, and R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and U have the
above-mentioned meaning,
or a carboxylic acid of general formula IIIa
##STR00012##
[0155] in which R.sup.4, R.sup.5 and U.sup.1 have the
above-mentioned meaning,
or a carboxylic acid of general formula IVa
##STR00013##
[0156] in which R.sup.5 and R.sup.2 have the above-mentioned
meaning,
or a carboxylic acid of general formula Va or Vb
##STR00014##
[0157] in which R.sup.5 has the above-mentioned meaning,
or a carboxylic acid of general formula VIa
##STR00015##
[0158] in which R.sup.5 has the above-mentioned meaning,
or a carboxylic acid of general formula VIIa
##STR00016##
[0159] in which R.sup.5 and U.sub.1 have the above-mentioned
meanings,
##STR00017##
[0160] in which R.sup.5 and U.sup.2 have the above-mentioned
meanings,
being reacted in optionally activated form with an amine of general
formula XI
##STR00018##
[0161] in which L, R, R.sub.f, Q and X have the above-indicated
meaning, in a coupling reaction and optionally subsequent cleavage
of optionally present protective groups to form a metal complex of
general formula I
[0162] or
[0163] if R.sup.5 has the meaning of a protective group, being
reacted after cleavage of these protective groups in a subsequent
step in a way that is known in the art with at least one metal
oxide or metal salt of an element of atomic numbers 21-29, 31-33,
37-39, 42-44, 49 or 57-83, and then, if desired, optionally present
acidic hydrogen atoms being substituted by cations of inorganic
and/or organic bases, amino acids or amino acid amides.
[0164] This process for the production of metal complex carboxylic
acid amides is known from DE 196 52 386.
[0165] The mixture that is used in the coupling reaction and that
consists of metal complex carboxylic acid IIIb, which contains
optionally present carboxy and/or hydroxy groups in protected form
and at least one solubilizing substance in an amount up to 5,
preferably 0.5-2 molar equivalents relative to the metal complex
carboxylic acid, can both be produced in an upstream reaction stage
and isolated (e.g., by concentration by evaporation, freeze-drying
or spray-drying of an aqueous or water-miscible solution of the
components or by precipitation with an organic solvent from such a
solution) and then can be reacted in DMSO with dehydrating reagent
and optionally a coupling adjuvant and can be formed by metal
complex carboxylic acid, dehydrating reagent and optionally a
coupling adjuvant in situ optionally by adding solubilizing
substance(s) to the DMSO suspension.
[0166] The reaction solution that is produced according to one of
these processes is held for pretreatment (acid activation) for 1 to
24, preferably 3 to 1.2 hours, at temperatures of 0 to 50.degree.
C., preferably at room temperature.
[0167] Then, an amine of general formula XI
##STR00019##
in which radicals L, R, R.sub.f, Q and X have the above-indicated
meanings, is added without solvent or in dissolved form, for
example in dimethyl sulfoxide, alcohols such as, e.g., methanol,
ethanol, isopropanol or their mixtures, formamide,
dimethylformamide, water or mixtures of the cited solvent,
preferably in dimethyl sulfoxide, in water or in solvents that are
mixed with water. For amide coupling, the thus obtained reaction
solution is held at temperatures of 0 to 70.degree. C., preferably
30 to 60.degree. C., for 1 to 48 hours, preferably 8 to 24
hours.
[0168] In some cases, it has proven advantageous to use the amine
in the form of its salts, e.g., as hydrobromide or hydrochloride in
the reaction. To release the amine, a base, such as, e.g.,
triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine, N-methylmorpholine, pyridine,
tripropylamine, tributylamine, lithium hydroxide, lithium
carbonate, sodium hydroxide or sodium carbonate, is added.
[0169] The optionally still present protective groups are then
cleaved off.
[0170] The isolation of the reaction product is carried out
according to the methods that are known to one skilled in the art,
preferably by precipitation with organic solvents, preferably
acetone, 2-butanone, diethyl ether, ethyl acetate, methyl-t-butyl
ether, isopropanol or their mixtures. Additional purification can
be carried out by, for example, chromatography, crystallization or
ultrafiltration.
[0171] As solubilizing substances, alkali salts, alkaline-earth
salts, trialkylammonium salts, tetraalkylammonium salts, ureas,
N-hydroxyimides, hydroxyaryl triazoles, substituted phenols and
salts of heterocyclic amines are suitable. By way of example, there
can be mentioned: lithium chloride, lithium bromide, lithium
iodide, sodium bromide, sodium iodide, lithium methanesulfonate,
sodium methane sulfonate, lithium-p-toluenesulfonate,
sodium-p-toluene-sulfonate, potassium bromide, potassium iodide,
sodium chloride, magnesium bromide, magnesium chloride, magnesium
iodide, tetraethylammonium-p-toluenesulfonate,
tetramethylammonium-p-toluenesulfonate,
pyridinium-p-toluenesulfonate, triethylammonium-p-toluenesulfonate,
2-morpholinoethylsulfonic acid, 4-nitrophenol, 3,5-dinitrophenol,
2,4-dichlorophenol, N-hydroxysuccinimide, N-hydroxyphthalimide,
urea, tetramethylurea, N-methylpyrrolidone, formamide as well as
cyclic ureas, whereby the first five mentioned above are
preferred.
[0172] As dehydrating reagents, all agents that are known to one
skilled in the art are used. By way of example, carbodiimides and
onium reagents, such as, e.g., dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCI),
1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide hydroxychloride
(EDC), benzotriazol-1-yloxytris(dimethylamino)-phosphonium
hexafluorophosphate (BOP) and
O-(benzotriazol-1-yl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyluronium
hexafluorophosphate (HBTU), preferably DCCI, can be mentioned.
[0173] In literature, for example, the following suitable processes
are described: [0174] +Aktivierung von Carbonsauren. Ubersicht in
Houben-Weyl, Methoden der Organischen Chemie [Activation of
Carboxylic Acids. Survey in Houben-Weyl, Methods of Organic
Chemistry], Volume XV/2, Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart, 1974 (and
J. Chem. Research (S) 1996, 302). [0175] Aktivierung mit
Carbodiimiden [Activation with Carbodiimides]. R. Schwyzer and H.
Kappeler, Helv. 46: 1550 (1963). [0176] E. Wunsch et al., Vol. 100:
173 (1967). [0177] Aktivierung mit Carbodiimiden/Hydroxysuccinimid
[Activation with Carbodiimides/Hydroxy Succinimide]: J. Am. Chem.
Soc. 86: 1839 (1964) as well as J. Org. Chem. 53: 3583 (1988).
Synthesis 453 (1972). [0178] Anhydridmethode,
2-Ethoxy-1-ethoxycarbonyl-1,2-dihydrochinolin [Anhydride Method,
2-Ethoxy-1-ethoxycarbonyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline]: B. Belleau et al.,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 90: 1651 (1986), H. Kunz et al., Int. J. Pept.
Prot. Res., 26: 493 (1985) and J. R. Voughn, Am. Soc. 73: 3547
(1951). [0179] Imidazolid-Methode [Imidazolide Method]: B. F.
Gisin, R. B. Menifield, D. C. Tosteon, Am. Soc. 91: 2691 (1969).
[0180] Saurechlorid-Methoden, Thionylchlorid [Acid Chloride
Methods, Thionyl Chloride]: Helv., 42: 1653 (1959). [0181]
Oxalylchlorid [Oxalyl Chloride]: J. Org. Chem., 29: 843 (1964).
[0182] As coupling adjuvants that are optionally to be used, all
that are known to one skilled in the art are suitable (Houben-Weyl,
Methoden der organischen Chemie, Volume XV/2, Georg Thieme-Verlag,
Stuttgart, 1974). By way of example, there can be mentioned
4-nitrophenol, N-hydroxysuccinimide, 1-hydroxybenzotriazole,
1-hydroxy-7-aza-benzotriazole, 3,5-dinitrophenol and
pentafluorophenol. Preferred are 4-nitrophenol and
N-hydroxysuccinimide; especially preferred in this case is the
first-mentioned reagent.
[0183] The cleavage of the protective groups is carried out
according to the processes that are known to one skilled in the
art, for example by hydrolysis, hydrogenolysis, alkaline
saponification of esters with alkali in aqueous-alcoholic solution
at temperatures of 0.degree. to 50.degree. C., acidic
saponification with mineral acids or in the case of, e.g.,
tert-butyl esters with the aid of trifluoroacetic acid [Protective
Groups in Organic Synthesis, 2.sup.nd Edition, T. W. Greene and P.
G. M. Wuts, John Wiley and Sons, Inc. New York, 1991], in the case
of benzyl ethers with hydrogen/palladium/carbon.
[0184] The carboxylic acids of general formulas IIa to VIIa that
are used are either known compounds or are produced according to
processes that are described in the examples, see DE 10040381 and
DE 10040858. Thus, the production of carboxylic acids of general
formula IIa is known from DE 196 52 386. The carboxylic acids of
general formula VIIIa that are used are produced as described in WO
95/17451.
[0185] The perbenzylated sugar acids that are used as starting
substances when R is a mono- or oligosaccharide can be produced
analogously to Lockhoff, Angew. Chem. [Applied Chem.] 1998, 110 No.
24, p. 3634 ff. Thus, e.g., the production of 1-O-acetic acid from
perbenzyl glucose is carried out over 2 stages, via
trichloroacetimidate and reaction with hydroxyacetic acid ethyl
ester, BF.sub.3 catalysis in THF and subsequent saponification with
NaOH in MeOH/THF.
[0186] In a more advantageous process, as described in DE 10040381,
the perbenzylated sugar acids that are used as starting substances
can also be produced by the perbenzylated 1-OH sugars being
dissolved in an organic solvent that is not water-miscible and
being reacted with an alkylating reagent of general formula XI
Nu-L-COO-SG (XVIII), [0187] in which Nu means a nucleofuge, L is
--(CH.sub.2)--.sub.n, (whereby n=1-5), --CH.sub.2--CHOH-- or
--CH(CHOH--CH.sub.2OH)--CHOH--CHOH--, and Sg represents a
protective group, in the presence of a base and optionally a phase
transfer catalyst. As a nucleofuge, for example, the radicals --Cl,
--Br, -J, -OTs, -OMs, --OSO.sub.2CF.sub.3,
--OSO.sub.2C.sub.4F.sub.9 or --OSO.sub.2C.sub.8F.sub.17 can be
contained in the alkylating reagent of general formula XVIII.
[0188] The protective group is a common acid protective group.
These protective groups are well known to one skilled in the art
(Protective Groups in Organic Syntheses, Second Edition, T. W.
Greene and P. G. M. Wuts, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York
1991).
[0189] The reaction according to the invention can be carried out
at temperatures of 0-50.degree. C., preferably 0.degree. C. to room
temperature. The reaction times are from 10 minutes to 24 hours,
preferably 20 minutes to 12 hours.
[0190] The base is added either in solid form, preferably in fine
powder form, or as 10-70%, preferably 30-5.0%, aqueous solution. As
preferred bases, NaOH and KOH are used.
[0191] As an organic, non-water-miscible solvent, for example,
toluene, benzene, CF.sub.3-benzene, hexane, cyclohexane, diethyl
ether, tetrahydrofuran, dichloromethane, MTB or mixtures thereof
can be used in the alkylating process according to the
invention.
[0192] The quaternary ammonium or phosphonium salts that are known
for this purpose or else crown ethers, such as, e.g., [15]-crown-5
or [18]-crown-6, are used as phase transfer catalysts in the
process according to the invention. Quaternary ammonium salts with
four identical or different hydrocarbon groups on the cation,
selected from methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl or isobutyl,
are preferably suitable. The hydrocarbon groups on the cation must
be large enough to ensure good solubility of the alkylating reagent
in the organic solvent. N(Butyl).sub.4.sup.+-Cl.sup.-,
N(butyl).sub.4.sup.+-HSO.sub.4.sup.-, but also
N(methyl).sub.4.sup.+-Cl.sup.- are especially preferably used
according to the invention.
[0193] The corresponding terminally protected polyethylene glycolic
acids can also be produced analogously.
[0194] Compounds of general formula (XI)
##STR00020##
with L in the meaning of
##STR00021##
are produced by the above-described hydrophilic carboxylic acids R
being reacted according to the methods of amide formation known to
one skilled in the art with amines of general formula (XII)
##STR00022##
with Sg in the meaning of a protective group and L, X and Rf in the
above-indicated meaning.
[0195] The cleavage of the protective groups is carried out
according to the processes that are known to one skilled in the
art, for example by hydrolysis, hydrogenolysis, alkaline
saponification of esters with alkali in aqueous-alcoholic solution
at temperatures of 0.degree. to 50.degree. C., acidic
saponification with mineral acids or in the case of, e.g.,
tert-butyl esters with the aid of trifluoroacetic acid [Protective
Groups in Organic Synthesis, 2.sup.nd Edition, T. W. Greene and P.
G. M. Wuts, John Wiley and Sons, Inc. New York, 1991], in the case
of benzyl ethers with hydrogen/palladium/carbon.
[0196] Compounds of general formula (XII) are produced by
monoprotected diamines of general formula (XIII)
##STR00023##
being reacted with R.sup.8, R.sup.8', n', W and m' in the
above-indicated meaning and with Sg in the meaning of a protective
group with perfluorine-containing nucleophiles of general formula
(XIV)
Nu-Y--(CH.sub.2).sub.s-(G).sub.1-(CH.sub.2).sub.s'-.zeta. (XIV)
with Y, G, s, s' and .zeta. in the above-indicated meaning, in
which Nu means a nucleofuge, in the presence of a base and
optionally a phase transfer catalyst. As a nucleofuge, for example,
the radicals --Cl, --Br, -J, -OTs, -OMs, --OSO.sub.2CF.sub.3,
--OSO.sub.2C.sub.4F.sub.9 or --OSO.sub.2C.sub.8F.sub.17 can be
contained in the alkylating reagent of general formula XVIII.
[0197] Known perfluorine-containing nucleophiles of general formula
(XIV) as well as additional perfluoroalkyl-containing substances
and their production are described in the following publications:
[0198] J. G. Riess, Journal of Drug Targeting, 1994, Vol. 2, pp.
455-468; [0199] J. B. Nivet et al., Eur. J. Med. Chem., 1991, Vol.
26, pp. 953-960; [0200] M.-P. Krafft et al., Angew. Chem., 1994,
Vol. 106, No. 10, pp. 1146-1148; [0201] M. Lanier et al.,
Tetrahedron Letters, 1995, Vol. 36, No. 14, pp. 2491-2492; [0202]
F. Guillod et al., Carbohydrate Research, 1994, Vol. 261, pp.
37-55; [0203] S. Achilefu et al., Journal of Fluorine Chemistry,
1995, Vol. 70, pp. 19-26; [0204] L. Clary et al., Tetrahedron,
1995, Vol. 51, No. 47, pp. 13073-13088; [0205] F. Szoni et al.,
Journal of Fluorine Chemistry, 1989, Vol. 42, pp. 59-68; [0206] H.
Wu et al., Supramolecular Chemistry, 1994, Vol. 3, pp. 175-180;
[0207] F. Guileri et al., Angew. Chem. 1994, Vol. 106, No. 14, pp.
1583-1585; [0208] M.-P. Krafft et al., Eur. J. Med. Chem., 1991,
Vol. 26, pp. 545-550; [0209] J. Greiner et al., Journal of Fluorine
Chemistry, 1992, Vol. 56, pp. 285-293; [0210] A. Milius et al.,
Carbohydrate Research, 1992, Vol. 229, pp. 323-336; [0211] J. Riess
et al., Colloids and Surfaces A, 1994, Vol. 84, pp. 33-48; [0212]
G. Merhi et al., J. Med. Chem., 1996, Vol. 39, pp. 4483-4488;
[0213] V. Cirkva et al., Journal of Fluorine Chemistry, 1997, Vol.
83, pp. 151-158; [0214] A. Ould Amanetoullah et al., Journal of
Fluorine Chemistry, 1997, Vol. 84, pp. 149-153; [0215] J. Chen et
al., Inorg. Chem., 1996, Vol. 35, pp. 1590-161; [0216] L. Clary et
al., Tetrahedron Letters, 1995, Vol. 36, No. 4, pp. 539-542; [0217]
M. M. Chaabouni et al., Journal of Fluorine Chemistry, 1990, Vol.
46, pp. 307-315; [0218] A. Milius et al., New J. Chem., 1991, Vol.
15, pp. 337-344; [0219] M.-P. Krafft et al., New J. Chem., 1990,
Vol. 14, pp. 869-875; [0220] J.-B. Nivet et al., New J. Chem.,
1994, Vol. 18, pp. 861-869; [0221] C. Santaella et al., New J.
Chem., 1991, Vol. 15, pp. 685-692; [0222] C. Santaella et al, New
J. Chem., 1992, Vol. 16, pp. 399-404; [0223] A. Milius et al., New
J. Chem., 1992, Vol. 16, pp. 771-773; [0224] F. Szonyi et al.,
Journal of Fluorine Chemistry, 1991, Vol. 55, pp. 85-92; [0225] C.
Santaella et al., Angew. Chem., 1991, Vol. 103, No. 5, pp. 584-586;
[0226] M.-P. Krafft et al., Angew. Chem., 1993, Vol. 105, No. 5,
pp. 783-785; [0227] EP 0 548 096 B1.
[0228] Compounds of general formula (XI) with L in the meaning
of
##STR00024##
with q, .alpha., .beta. and .gamma. in the above-indicated meaning,
are produced by perfluorine-containing carboxylic acids of general
formula (XV)
HO--X--R.sub.f (XV)
being reacted with X and R.sub.f in the above-indicated meaning,
according to methods of amide formation, known to one skilled in
the art, with amines of general formula (XVI)
##STR00025##
with q, .beta. in the above-indicated meaning and with Sg in the
meaning of a protective group.
[0229] The cleavage of the protective groups is carried out
according to the processes that are known to one skilled in the
art, for example by hydrolysis, hydrogenolysis, alkaline
saponification of esters with alkali in aqueous-alcoholic solution
at temperatures of 0.degree. to 50.degree. C., acidic
saponification with mineral acids or in the case of, e.g.,
tert-butyl esters with the aid of trifluoroacetic acid [Protective
Groups in Organic Synthesis, 2.sup.nd Edition, T. W. Greene and P.
G. M. Wuts, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 1991], in the case
of benzyl ethers with hydrogen/palladium/carbon.
[0230] The production of compounds of general formula (XV) are
described in the above-indicated literature citations for the
production of perfluorine-containing compounds.
[0231] Compounds of general formula (XVI)
##STR00026## [0232] with q, .beta. in the above-indicated meaning
and with Sg in the meaning of a protective group are produced by
the above-described hydrophilic amine R being reacted according to
the methods of amide formation, known to one skilled in the art,
with carboxylic acids of general formula (XVII)
##STR00027##
[0232] with q in the above-indicated meaning and with Sg and Sg' in
the meaning of a protective group, whereby Sg and Sg' can be
cleaved in different ways.
[0233] The cleavage of the protective groups is carried out
according to the processes that are known to one skilled in the
art, for example by hydrolysis, hydrogenolysis, alkaline
saponification of esters with alkali in aqueous-alcoholic solution
at temperatures of 0.degree. to 50.degree. C., acidic
saponification with mineral acids or in the case of, e.g.,
tert-butyl esters with the aid of trifluoroacetic acid [Protective
Groups in Organic Synthesis, 2.sup.nd Edition, T. W. Greene and P.
G. M. Wuts, John Wiley and Sons, Inc. New York, 1991], in the case
of benzyl ethers with hydrogen/palladium/carbon.
[0234] Such 2.times.-protected amino acids of general formula
(XVII) are commercially available products (Bachem).
[0235] The compounds according to the invention are especially
suitable for use in NMR and x-ray diagnosis, radiodiagnosis and
radiotherapy, as well as in MRT lymphography and in blood pool
imaging. The perfluoroalkyl-containing metal complexes are
especially suitable for use in nuclear spin resonance tomography
(MRT) for visualizing various physiological and pathophysiological
structures and thus for improving diagnostic information, for
example the location and the extent of the disease, for selection
and monitoring of the success of a targeted therapy and for
prophylaxis of diseases and disorders.
[0236] In one especially preferred embodiment, the substances
according to the invention are used for MRT lymphography.
[0237] In another especially preferred embodiment, the substances
according to the invention are used for blood-pool imaging.
[0238] Suitable diseases and disorders comprise tumor diseases,
especially detection and characterization of primary tumors,
satellite metastases, lymph node metastases as well as necroses,
cardiovascular diseases, especially changes in vessel diameter such
as stenoses and aneurisms, arteriosclerosis by detection of
arteriosclerotic plaque, thromboembolic diseases, infarctions,
necroses, inflammations, especially arthritis, osteomyelitis,
colitis ulcerosa, as well as nerve damage.
[0239] In an especially preferred embodiment, the substances
according to the invention are used for necrosis or tumor
imaging.
[0240] Subjects of the invention are also pharmaceutical agents
that contain at least one physiologically compatible compound
according to the invention, optionally with the additives that are
commonly used in galenicals.
[0241] The compounds of this invention are distinguished by
excellent compatibility and at the same time excellent imaging
properties. They are thus especially well suited for systemic use
in MRT, especially in MRT lymphography and in tumor imaging.
[0242] The production of the pharmaceutical agents according to the
invention is carried out in a way that is known in the art, by the
complex compounds according to the invention--optionally with the
addition of the additives that are commonly used in
galenicals--being suspended or dissolved in aqueous medium and then
the suspension or solution optionally being sterilized. Suitable
additives are, for example, physiologically harmless buffers (such
as, for example, tromethamine), additions of complexing agents or
weak complexes (such as, for example, diethylenetriaminepentaacetic
acid or the Ca complexes that correspond to the metal complexes
according to the invention) or--if necessary--electrolytes, such
as, for example, sodium chloride or--if necessary--antioxidants,
such as, for example, ascorbic acid.
[0243] If suspensions or solutions of the agents according to the
invention in water or physiological salt solution are desired for
enteral or parenteral administration or other purposes, they are
mixed with one or more adjuvant(s) that are commonly used in
galenicals [for example, methyl cellulose, lactose, mannitol]
and/or surfactant(s) [for example, lecithins, Tween.RTM.,
Myrj.RTM.] and/or flavoring substance(s) for taste correction [for
example, ethereal oils].
[0244] In principle, it is also possible to produce the
pharmaceutical agents according to the invention without isolating
the complexes. In any case, special care must be used to perform
the chelation so that the complexes according to the invention are
virtually free of non-complexed metal ions that have a toxic
action.
[0245] This can be ensured, for example, with the help of color
indicators, such as xylenol orange, by control titrations during
the production process. The invention therefore also relates to
processes for the production of complex compounds and salts
thereof. As a final precaution, there remains purification of the
isolated complex.
[0246] In the in-vivo administration of the agents according to the
invention, the latter can be administered together with a suitable
vehicle, such as, for example, serum or physiological common salt
solution, and together with another protein, such as, for example,
human serum albumin (HSA).
[0247] The agents according to the invention are usually
administered parenterally, preferably i.v. They can also be
administered intravascularly or interstitially/intracutaneously
depending on whether bodily vessels or tissue is/are to be
examined.
[0248] The pharmaceutical agents according to the invention
preferably contain 0.1 .mu.mol-2 mol/l of the complex and are
generally dosed in amounts of 0.001-5 mmol/kg.
[0249] The agents according to the invention fulfill the many
requirements for suitability as contrast media for nuclear spin
tomography. After oral or parenteral administration, they are thus
extremely well suited for enhancing the informational value of the
image that is obtained with the aid of a nuclear spin tomograph by
increasing the signal intensity. They also show the great
effectiveness that is necessary to load the body with the smallest
possible amounts of foreign substances and the good compatibility
that is necessary to maintain the noninvasive nature of the
studies.
[0250] The good water solubility and low osmolality of the agents
according to the invention allow the production of highly
concentrated solutions to keep the volume burden of the circulatory
system within reasonable limits and to offset the dilution by
bodily fluid. In addition, the agents according to the invention
show not only high stability in vitro but also surprisingly high
stability in vivo, such that a release or an exchange of the ions,
which are inherently toxic and bonded in the complexes, is carried
out only extremely slowly within the time in which the new contrast
media are completely excreted again.
[0251] In general, the agents according to the invention are dosed
for use as NMR diagnostic agents in amounts of 0.0001-5 mmol/kg,
preferably 0.005-0.5 mmol/kg.
[0252] The complex compounds according to the invention can also be
used advantageously as susceptibility reagents and as shift
reagents for in-vivo NMR spectroscopy.
[0253] Owing to their advantageous radioactive properties and the
good stability of the complex compounds contained in them, the
agents according to the invention are also suitable as
radiodiagnostic agents. Details of such use and dosage are
described in, e.g., "Radiotracers for Medical Applications," CRC
Press, Boca Raton, Fla.
[0254] The compounds and agents according to the invention can also
be used in positron-emission tomography, which uses
positron-emitting isotopes such as, e.g., .sup.43Sc, .sup.44Sc,
.sup.52Fe, .sup.55Co, .sup.68Ga, and .sup.86Y (Heiss, W. D.;
Phelps, M. E.; Positron Emission Tomography of Brain, Springer
Verlag Berlin, Heidelberg, New York 1983).
[0255] Histological studies confirm a regional microvascular
hyperpermeability.
[0256] The contrast media according to the invention can therefore
also be used for visualizing abnormal capillary permeability.
[0257] The compounds according to the invention are primarily
distinguished in that they are completely eliminated from the body
and thus are well tolerated. Thus, the excellent imaging properties
can be used, and the non-invasive nature of the diagnosis is
maintained.
[0258] Since the substances according to the invention accumulate
in malignant tumors (no diffusion in healthy tissue, but high
permeability of tumor vessels), they can also support the radiation
therapy of malignant tumors. The latter is distinguished from the
corresponding diagnosis only by the amount and type of the isotope
that is used. The purpose in this case is the destruction of tumor
cells by high-energy short-wave radiation with the smallest
possible range of action. For this purpose, interactions of the
metals that are contained in the complexes (such as, e.g., iron or
gadolinium) with ionizing radiations (e.g., x-rays) or with neutron
rays are used. By this effect, the local radiation dose at the site
where the metal complex is found (e.g., in tumors) is significantly
increased. To produce the same radiation dose in malignant tissue,
the radiation exposure for healthy tissue can be considerably
reduced and thus burdensome side effects for the patients can be
avoided when such metal complexes are used. The metal complex
conjugates according to the invention are therefore also suitable
as radio-sensitizing substances in the radiation therapy of
malignant tumors (e.g., use of Mossbauer effects or in the case of
neutron capture therapy). Suitable .beta.-emitting ions are, for
example, .sup.46Sc, .sup.47Sc, .sup.48Sc, .sup.72Ga, .sup.73Ga and
.sup.90Y. .alpha.-Emitting ions that exhibit suitable low
half-lives are, for example, .sup.211Bi, .sup.212Bi, .sup.213Bi,
and .sup.214Bi, whereby .sup.212Bi is preferred. A suitable photon-
and electron-emitting ion is .sup.158Gd, which can be obtained from
.sup.157Gd by neutron capture.
[0259] If the agent according to the invention is intended for use
in the variant of radiation therapy that is proposed by R. L. Mills
et al. [Nature Vol. 336, (1988), p. 787], the central ion must be
derived from a Mo.beta.bauer isotope, such as, for example,
.sup.57Fe or .sup.151Eu.
[0260] In the in-vivo administration of the agents according to the
invention, the latter can be administered together with a suitable
vehicle, such as, for example, serum or physiological common salt
solution, and together with another protein, such as, for example,
human serum albumin. The dosage in this case depends on the type of
cellular disruption, the metal ion that is used and the type of
imaging method.
[0261] The agents according to the invention are usually
administered parenterally, preferably i.v. They can also--as
already discussed--be administered intravascularly or
interstitially/intracutaneously depending on whether bodily vessels
or tissue is/are to be examined.
[0262] The agents according to the invention are extremely well
suited as x-ray contrast media, whereby it is especially to be
emphasized that with them, no signs of the anaphylaxis-like
reactions that are known from the iodine-containing contrast media
can be detected in biochemical-pharmacological studies. They are
especially valuable owing to the advantageous absorption properties
in ranges of higher tube voltages for digital subtraction
techniques.
[0263] In general, the agents according to the invention are dosed
for use as x-ray contrast media analogously to, for example,
meglumine-diatrizoate in amounts of 0.1-5 mmol/kg, preferably
0.25-1 mmol/kg.
[0264] The term "metal ion equivalent," as used in the application,
is a common term, known to one skilled in the art, in the area of
complex chemistry. A metal ion equivalent is an equivalent to metal
ions, which can bind to, e.g., a carboxylate group instead of
hydrogen. For example, a Gd.sup.3+ can bind to 3 carboxylate
groups, i.e., 1/3 Gd.sup.3+ corresponds to the metal ion equivalent
R.sup.1 in formula (II), (III), (IV) or (V) if the metal is
gadolinium.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0265] FIGS. 1 and 2 show lymph node images using the compound of
Example 1d;
[0266] FIG. 3 shows aorta images using the compound of Example
14c;
[0267] FIG. 4 shows images of inflammatory muscle lesions using the
compound of Example 14c; and
[0268] FIG. 5 shows images of popliteal lymph nodes using the
compounds of Examples 5c, 14c and 15c.
EXAMPLES
Example 1
a)
1-N-(Benzyloxycarbonyl)-1H,1H,2H,2H,4H,4H,5H,5H-3-aza-perfluorotridecyl-
amine
[0269] 23.31 g (120 mmol) of N-benzyloxycarbonyl-ethylenediamine
(Atwell et al., Synthesis, 1984, 1032-1033) and 10.2 g (100 mmol)
of triethylamine are added to 54.22 g (100 mmol) of methanesulfonic
acid-(1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyl)-ester (Bartsch et al.,
Tetrahedron, 2000, 3291-3302) in 500 ml of acetonitrile, and it is
stirred for 48 hours at 60.degree. C. Insoluble components are
filtered out from the reaction solution, it is evaporated to the
dry state in a vacuum, and the residue is chromatographed on silica
gel (mobile solvent: dichloromethane/methanol 20:1).
[0270] Yield: 32.8 g (51% of theory) of a colorless wax
[0271] Elementary Analysis:
TABLE-US-00002 Cld.: C 37.51 H 2.68 N 4.37 F 50.44 Fnd.: C 37.82 H
2.74 N 4.29 F 50.27
b)
N-[2-(Benzyloxycarbonyl)-aminoethyl-N-(1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyl)-2-[1-
-O-.alpha.-d-(2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl)mannopyranosyl]-acetamide
[0272] 8.05 g (39.04 mmol) of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide is added at
0.degree. C. to a solution of 20 g (31.23 mmol) of the title
compound of Example 1a and 18.70 g (31.23 mmol) of
1-O-.alpha.-d-carbonylmethyl-(2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl)mannopyranose
(produced according to WO 99/01160 A1) and 3.59 g (31.23 mmol) of
N-hydroxysuccinimide in 200 ml of dimethylformamide, it is stirred
for 3 hours at 0.degree. C. and then for 16 hours at room
temperature. Precipitated urea is filtered out, the filtrate is
evaporated to the dry state in a vacuum, and the residue is
chromatographed on silica gel (mobile solvent:
dichloromethane/methanol 20:1).
[0273] Yield: 29.8 g (78% of theory) of a colorless, viscous
oil.
[0274] Elementary Analysis:
TABLE-US-00003 Cld.: C 55.09 H 4.38 N 2.29 F 26.45 Fnd.: C 55.27 H
4.40 N 2.24 F 26.31
c)
N-(2-Aminoethyl)-N-(1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyl)-2-(1-O-.alpha.-d-mannop-
yranosyl)-acetamide, Methanesulfonic Acid Salt
[0275] 2.29 g (23.75 mmol) of the methanesulfonic acid as well as
4.0 g of palladium catalyst (10% Pd/C) are added to a solution of
29 g (23.75 mmol) of the title compound of Example 1b in 500 ml of
ethanol, and it is hydrogenated for 24 hours at room temperature.
Catalyst is filtered out, and the filtrate is evaporated to the dry
state in a vacuum.
[0276] Yield: 19.5 g (quantitative) of a colorless solid.
[0277] Elementary Analysis:
TABLE-US-00004 Cld.: C 30.67 H 3.31 N 3.41 F 39.27 Fnd.: C 31.01 H
3.29 N 3.33 F 39.04
d)
N-{[1,4,7-Tris-(carboxylatomethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetracyclododecane-10-N-(pe-
ntanoyl-3-aza-4-oxo-5-methyl-5-yl)]-2-aminoethyl}-N-(1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluoro-
decyl)-2-(1-O-.alpha.-d-mannopyranosyl)-acetamide, Gd Complex
[0278] 18.7 g (22.72 mmol) of the title compound of Example 1c,
2.61 g (22.72 mmol) of N-hydroxysuccinimide, 1.93 g (45.44 mmol) of
lithium chloride and 14.31 g (22.72 mmol) of
1,4,7-tris-(carboxylatomethyl)-10-[1-carboxy-3-aza-4-oxo-5-methylpentan-5-
-yl]-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane, Gd complex (WO 98/24775,
Schering AG, (Example 1)) are dissolved in 200 ml of dimethyl
sulfoxide while being heated slightly. At 10.degree. C., 5.86 g
(28.4 mmol) of dicyclohexyl carbodiimide as well as 2.30 g (22.72
mmol) of triethylamine are added, and it is stirred for 16 hours at
room temperature. The solution is poured into 2000 ml of acetone
and stirred for 10 more minutes. The precipitated solid is filtered
off and then purified by chromatography (RP-18; mobile solvent:
gradient that consists of water/acetonitrile).
[0279] Yield: 22.3 g (68% of theory) of a colorless solid
[0280] Water content (Karl-Fischer): 7.0%
[0281] Elementary Analysis (relative to the anhydrous
substance):
TABLE-US-00005 Cld.: C 35.01 H 3.84 N 7.33 F 24.14 Gd 11.75 Fnd.: C
35.21 H 3.89 N 7.27 F 24.09 Gd 11.61
Example 2
a)
1-N-(Benzyloxycarbonyl)-1H,1H,2H,2H,4H,4H,5H,5H-3-N-[1,4,7-tris-(carbox-
ylatomethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-10-N-(pentanoyl-3-aza-4-oxo-5--
methyl-5-yl)]-perfluorotridecylamine, Gd Complex
[0282] 10.0 g (15.62 mmol) of the title compound of Example 1a,
1.80 g (15.62 mmol) of N-hydroxysuccinimide, 1.33 g (31.34 mmol) of
lithium chloride and 9.84 g (15.62 mmol) of
1,4,7-tris-(carboxylatomethyl)-10-[1-carboxy-3-aza-4-oxo-5-methylpentan-5-
-yl]-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane, Gd complex (WO 98/24775,
Schering AG, (Example 1)) are dissolved in 150 ml of dimethyl
sulfoxide while being heated slightly. At 10.degree. C., 4.03 g
(19.52 mmol) of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide is added, and it is
stirred for 16 hours at room temperature. The solution is poured
into 2000 ml of diethyl ether and stirred for 10 more minutes. The
precipitated solid is filtered off, and then the residue is
chromatographed on silica gel (mobile solvent:
dichloromethane/methanol/aqueous ammonia 10:5:1).
[0283] Yield: 16.4 g (79% of theory) of a colorless solid
[0284] Water content (Karl-Fischer): 5.4%
[0285] Elementary Analysis (relative to the anhydrous
substance):
TABLE-US-00006 Cld.: C 37.41 H 3.62 N 7.83 F 25.80 Gd 12.56 Fnd.: C
37.69 H 3.56 N 7.91 F 25.64 Gd 12.37
b)
1H,1H,2H,2H,4H,4H,5H,5H-3-N-[1,4,7-tris-(carboxylatomethyl)-1,4,7,10-te-
traazacyclododecane-10-N-(pentanoyl-3-aza-4-oxo-5-methyl-5-yl)]-perfluorot-
ridecylamine, Gd Complex, Methanesulfonic Acid Salt
[0286] 1.16 g (12.08 mmol) of methanesulfonic acid as well as 2.0 g
of palladium catalyst (10% Pd/C) are added to a solution of 16 g
(12.08 mmol) of the title compound of Example 2a in 300 ml of
ethanol, and it is hydrogenated for 24 hours at room temperature.
Catalyst is filtered out, and the filtrate is evaporated to the dry
state in a vacuum.
[0287] Yield: 15.8 g (quantitative) of a colorless solid
[0288] Water content (Karl-Fischer): 7.0%
[0289] Elementary Analysis (relative to the anhydrous
substance):
TABLE-US-00007 Cld.: C 31.66 H 3.57 N 8.08 F 26.60 Gd 12.95 Fnd.: C
31.88 H 3.59 N 8.14 F 26.42 Gd 12.69
c)
1H,1H,2H,2H,4H,4H,5H,5H-3-N-[1,4,7-tris-(carboxylatomethyl)-1,4,7,10-te-
traazacyclododecane-10-N-(pentanoyl-3-aza-4-oxo-5-methyl-5-yl)]-perfluorot-
ridecyl-N-2-(1-O-.alpha.-d-mannopyranosyl)-acetamide, Gd
Complex
[0290] 1.72 g (8.33 mmol) of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide as well as
674 mg (6.66 mmol) of triethylamine are added at 0.degree. C. to a
solution of 8.9 g (6.66 mmol) of the title compound of Example 2b
and 3.99 g (6.66 mmol) of
1-O-.alpha.-d-carbonylmethyl-(2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl)mannopyrano-
se (produced according to WO 99/01160 A1) and 767 mg (6.66 mmol) of
N-hydroxysuccinimide in 100 ml of dimethylformamide, it is stirred
for 3 hours at 0.degree. C. and then for 16 hours at room
temperature. Precipitated urea is filtered out, and the filtrate is
evaporated to the dry state in a vacuum. The residue is dissolved
in 100 ml of methanol, mixed with 2.0 g of palladium catalyst (10%
Pd/C) and hydrogenated for 24 hours at room temperature. Catalyst
is filtered out, and the filtrate is evaporated to the dry state in
a vacuum. The residue is taken up in a little water, insoluble
components are filtered out, and the filtrate is then purified by
chromatography (RP-18; mobile solvent: gradient that consists of
water/acetonitrile).
[0291] Yield: 6.1 g (64% of theory) of a colorless solid
[0292] Water content (Karl-Fischer): 6.2%
[0293] Elementary Analysis (relative to the anhydrous
substance):
TABLE-US-00008 Cld.: C 35.01 H 3.84 N 7.33 F 24.14 Gd 11.75 Fnd.: C
35.23 H 3.88 N 7.27 F 24.01 Gd 11.59
Example 3
a)
[1,3-Bis-(2-benzyloxy-1-benzyloxymethyl-ethoxy)-prop-2-yl]-acetic
Acid
[0294] 14.62 g (75 mmol) of bromoacetic acid-tert-butyl ester is
added [to] 30.02 g (50 mmol) of
1,3-bis-(2-benzyloxy-1-benzyloxymethyl-ethoxy)-propan-2-ol (Cassel
et al., Eur. J. Org. Chem., 2001, 5, 875-896) and 5.6 g (100 mmol)
of fine-powder potassium hydroxide as well as a catalytic amount (1
g) of tetra-n-butylammonium hydrogen sulfate in 250 ml of toluene
at 0.degree. C., and it is stirred for 2 hours at this temperature
as well as for 12 hours at room temperature. The reaction solution
is mixed with 500 ml of ethyl acetate and 300 ml of water. The
organic phase is separated and washed twice with 300 ml each of
water, then dried on magnesium sulfate and evaporated to the dry
state in a vacuum. The residue is suspended in a mixture consisting
of 400 ml of methanol and 0.5 M sodium hydroxide solution at a 2:1
ratio and then heated for 12 hours to 60.degree. C. The reaction
mixture is neutralized for working-up by mixing with Amberlite IR
120 (H.sup.+ form)-cation exchange resin, exchanger is filtered
out, evaporated to the dry state, and chromatographed on silica gel
(mobile solvent: ethyl acetate/hexane 1:3).
[0295] Yield: 23.5 g (71% of theory) of a colorless wax
[0296] Elementary Analysis:
TABLE-US-00009 Cld.: C 71.10 H 7.04 Fnd.: C 71.29 H 7.21
b)
N-[2-(Benzyloxycarbonyl)-aminoethyl-N-(1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyl)-2-[1-
,3-bis-(2-benzyloxy-1-benzyloxymethyl-ethoxy)-prop-2-oxy]-acetamide
[0297] 8.05 g (39.04 mmol) of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide is added at
0.degree. C. to a solution of 20 g (31.23 mmol) of the title
compound of Example 1a and 20.57 g (31.23 mmol) of the title
compound of Example 3a and 3.59 g (31.23 mmol) of
N-hydroxysuccinimide in 200 ml of dimethylformamide, and it is
stirred for 3 hours at 0.degree. C. and then for 16 hours at room
temperature. Precipitated urea is filtered out, the filtrate is
evaporated to the dry state in a vacuum, and the residue is
chromatographed on silica gel (mobile solvent:
dichloromethane/methanol 20:1).
[0298] Yield: 28.7 g (72% of theory) of a colorless, viscous
oil.
[0299] Elementary Analysis:
TABLE-US-00010 Cld.: C 55.32 H 4.80 N 2.19 F 25.21 Fnd.: C 55.56 H
4.87 N 2.13 F 26.07
c)
N-(2-Aminoethyl)-N-(1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyl)-2-[1,3-bis-(2-hydroxy-1-
-hydroxymethyl-ethoxy)-prop-2-oxy]-acetamide, Methanesulfonic Acid
Salt
[0300] 1.96 g (20.29 mmol) of methanesulfonic acid as well as 4.0 g
of palladium catalyst (10% Pd/C) are added to a solution of 26 g
(20.29 mmol) of the title compound of Example 3b in 500 ml of
ethanol, and it is hydrogenated for 24 hours at room temperature.
Catalyst is filtered out, and the filtrate is evaporated to the dry
state in a vacuum.
[0301] Yield: 17.9 g (quantitative) of a colorless solid
[0302] Elementary Analysis:
TABLE-US-00011 Cld.: C 32.66 H 4.00 N 3.17 F 36.59 Fnd.: C 32.89 H
4.10 N 3.11 F 36.41
d)
N-{[1,4,7-Tris-(carboxylatomethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-10-N--
(pentanoyl-3-aza-4-oxo-5-methyl-5-yl)]-2-aminoethyl}-N-(1H,1H,2H,2H-perflu-
orodecyl)-2-[1,3-bis-(2-hydroxy-1-hydroxymethyl-ethoxy)-prop-2-oxy]-acetam-
ide, Gd Complex
[0303] 16.8 g (19.07 mmol) of the title compound of Example 3c,
2.19 g (19.07 mmol) of N-hydroxysuccinimide, 1.62 g (38.14 mmol) of
lithium chloride and 14.31 g (19.07 mmol) of
1,4,7-tris-(carboxylatomethyl)-10-[1-carboxy-3-aza-4-oxo-5-methylpentan-5-
-yl]-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane, Gd complex (WO 98/24775,
Schering AG, (Example 1)) are dissolved in 200 ml of dimethyl
sulfoxide while being heated slightly. At 10.degree. C., 4.92 g
(23.84 mmol) of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide as well as 1.93 g (19.07
mmol) of triethylamine are added, and it is stirred for 16 hours at
room temperature. The solution is poured into 2000 ml of acetone
and stirred for 10 more minutes. The precipitated solid is filtered
off and then purified by chromatography (RP-18; mobile solvent:
gradient that consists of water/acetonitrile).
[0304] Yield: 20.6 g (72% of theory) of a colorless solid
[0305] Water content (Karl-Fischer): 6.7%
[0306] Elementary Analysis (relative to the anhydrous
substance):
TABLE-US-00012 Cld.: C 36.06 H 4.25 N 7.01 F 23.10 Gd 11.25 Fnd.: C
36.34 H 4.32 N 6.97 F 22.88 Gd 11.17
Example 4
a)
1,4,7-{Tris(carboxylatomethyl)-10-[(3-aza-4-oxo-hexan-5-ylic)acid-N-1H,-
1H,2H,2H,4H,4H,5H,5H-3-N-[1,4,7-tris-(carboxylatomethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraaza-
cyclododecane-10-N-(pentanoyl-3-aza-4-oxo-5-methyl-5-yl)]-perfluorotridecy-
lamide}-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane, Gd Complex
[0307] 8.1 g (6.31 mmol) of the title compound of Example 2b, 726
mg (6.31 mmol) of N-hydroxysuccinimide, 535 mg (12.62 mmol) of
lithium chloride and 3.97 g (6.31 mmol) of
1,4,7-tris-(carboxylatomethyl)-10-[1-carboxy-3-aza-4-oxo-5-methylpentan-5-
-yl]-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane, Gd Complex (WO 98/24775,
Schering AG, (Example 1)) are dissolved in 100 ml of dimethyl
sulfoxide while being heated slightly. At 10.degree. C., 1.63 g
(7.89 mmol) of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide as well as 693 mg (6.31
mmol) of triethylamine are added, and it is stirred for 16 hours at
room temperature. The solution is poured into 2000 ml of acetone
and stirred for 10 more minutes. The precipitated solid is filtered
off and then purified by chromatography (RP-18; mobile solvent:
gradient that consists of water/acetonitrile).
[0308] Yield: 6.5 g (56% of theory) of a colorless solid
[0309] Water content (Karl-Fischer): 5.8%
[0310] Elementary Analysis (relative to the anhydrous
substance):
TABLE-US-00013 Cld.: C 34.72 H 3.90 N 9.72 F 18.67 Gd 18.18 Fnd.: C
34.94 H 3.94 N 9.67 F 18.59 Gd 18.01
Example 5
a)
N-[2-(Benzyloxycarbonyl)-aminoethyl-N-(1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyl)-2-[2-
-(2-methoxyethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetamide
[0311] 8.05 g (39.04 mmol) of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide is added at
0.degree. C. to a solution of 20 g (31.23 mmol) of the title
compound of Example 1a and 5.57 g (31.23 mmol) of
[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetic acid (Aldrich) and 3.59 g
(31.23 mmol) of N-hydroxysuccinimide in 200 ml of
dimethylformamide, it is stirred for 3 hours at 0.degree. C. and
then for 16 hours at room temperature. Precipitated urea is
filtered out, the filtrate is evaporated to the dry state in a
vacuum, and the residue is chromatographed on silica gel (mobile
solvent: dichloromethane/methanol 20:1).
[0312] Yield: 19.8 g (79% of theory) of a colorless, viscous
oil.
[0313] Elementary Analysis:
TABLE-US-00014 Cld.: C 40.51 H 3.65 N 3.50 F 40.35 Fnd.: C 40.62 H
3.68 N 3.53 F 40.09
b)
N-(2-Aminoethyl)-N-(1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyl)-2-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)--
ethoxy]-acetamide, Methanesulfonic Acid Salt
[0314] 2.28 g (23.73 mmol) of methanesulfonic acid as well as 4.0 g
of palladium catalyst (10% Pd/C) are added to a solution of 19 g
(23.73 mmol) of the title compound of Example 5a in 500 ml of
ethanol, and it is hydrogenated for 24 hours at room temperature.
Catalyst is filtered out, and the filtrate is evaporated to the dry
state in a vacuum.
[0315] Yield: 18.1 g (quantitative) of a colorless solid.
[0316] Elementary Analysis:
TABLE-US-00015 Cld.: C 31.51 H 3.57 N 3.67 F 42.36 Fnd.: C 31.77 H
3.59 N 3.54 F 42.05
c)
N-{[1,4,7-Tris-(carboxylatomethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-10-N--
(pentanoyl-3-aza-4-oxo-5-methyl-5-yl)]-2-aminoethyl}-N-(1H,1H,2H,2H-perflu-
orodecyl)-2-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetamide, Gd Complex
[0317] 17.2 g (22.51 mmol) of the title compound of Example 5b,
2.59 g (22.51 mmol) of N-hydroxysuccinimide, 1.91 g (45.02 mmol) of
lithium chloride and 14.18 g (22.51 mmol) of
1,4,7-tris-(carboxylatomethyl)-10-[1-carboxy-3-aza-4-oxo-5-methylpentan-5-
-yl]-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane, Gd complex (WO 98/24775,
Schering AG, (Example 1)) are dissolved in 200 ml of dimethyl
sulfoxide while being heated slightly. At 10.degree. C., 5.81 g
(28.14 mmol) of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide as well as 2.28 g (22.51
mmol) of triethylamine are added, and it is stirred for 16 hours at
room temperature. The solution is poured into 2000 ml of acetone
and stirred for 10 more minutes. The precipitated solid is filtered
off and then purified by chromatography (RP18; mobile solvent:
gradient that consists of water/acetonitrile).
[0318] Yield: 21.5 g (70% of theory) of a colorless solid
[0319] Water content (Karl-Fischer): 6.4%
[0320] Elementary Analysis (relative to the anhydrous
substance):
TABLE-US-00016 Cld.: C 35.71 H 4.02 N 7.67 F 25.72 Gd 12.30 Fnd.: C
35.79 H 4.07 N 7.59 F 25.63 Gd 12.27
Example 6
a)
1-N-(Benzyloxycarbonyl)-1H,1H,2H,2H,5H,5H,7H,7H,8H,8H-3-aza-4-oxa-6-oxo-
-perfluorohexadecylamine
[0321] 17.8 g (140 mmol) of oxalyl chloride is added to 52.22 g
(100 mmol) of 2H,2H,4H,4H,5H,5H-3-oxa-perfluorotridecanoic acid
(produced according to EP 01/08498) in 500 ml of dichloromethane,
and it is stirred for 14 hours at room temperature. It is
evaporated to the dry state in a vacuum, the residue is dissolved
in 400 ml of dichloromethane, mixed at 0.degree. C. with 23.31 g
(120 mmol) of N-benzyloxycarbonyl-ethylenediamine (Atwell et al.,
Synthesis, 1984, 1032-1033) and 10.2 g (100 mmol) of triethylamine,
and it is stirred for 24 more hours at room temperature. The
reaction solution is mixed with 400 ml of 1N hydrochloric acid and
thoroughly stirred for 15 minutes. The organic phase is separated,
dried on magnesium sulfate and evaporated to the dry state in a
vacuum. The residue is chromatographed on silica gel (mobile
solvent: ethyl acetate/hexane 1:2).
[0322] Yield: 49.7 g (71% of theory) of a colorless wax
[0323] Elementary Analysis:
TABLE-US-00017 Cld.: C 37.84 H 2.74 N 4.01 F 46.25 Fnd.: C 38.02 H
2.76 N 3.97 F 46.12
b)
1-N-(Benzyloxycarbonyl)-1H,1H,2H,2H,4H,4H,5H,5H,7H,7H,8H,8H-3-aza-6-oxo-
-perfluorohexadecylamine
[0324] 48.5 g (69.45 mmol) of the title compound of Example 6a in
150 ml of THF is mixed with 50 ml of 10 M boranedimethyl sulfide
(in THF) and refluxed for 5 hours. It is cooled to 0.degree. C.,
100 ml of methanol is added in drops, it is stirred for 1 hour at
room temperature and then evaporated to the dry state in a vacuum.
The residue is taken up in a mixture that consists of 300 ml of
ethanol/50 ml of 1 M hydrochloric acid, and it is stirred for 14
hours at 40.degree. C. It is evaporated to the dry state in a
vacuum, the residue is taken up in 300 ml of 5% sodium hydroxide
solution and extracted three times with 300 ml each of
dichloromethane. The combined organic phases are dried on magnesium
sulfate, evaporated to the dry state in a vacuum, and the residue
is chromatographed on silica gel (mobile solvent:
dichloromethane/methanol 10:1).
[0325] Yield: 39.8 g (84% of theory) of a colorless solid
[0326] Elementary Analysis:
TABLE-US-00018 Cld.: C 38.61 H 3.09 N 4.09 F 47.19 Fnd.: C 38.88 H
3.14 N 4.06 F 46.87
c)
N-[2-(Benzyloxycarbonyl)-aminoethyl-N-(1H,1H,2H,2H,4H,4H,5H,5H-3-oxa-pe-
rfluorotridecyl)-2-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetamide
[0327] 7.54 g (36.53 mmol) of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide is added at
0.degree. C. to a solution of 20 g (29.22 mmol) of the title
compound of Example 6b and 5.21 g (29.22 mmol) of
[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetic acid (Aldrich) and 3.36 g
(29.22 mmol) of N-hydroxysuccinimide in 200 ml of
dimethylformamide, and it is stirred for 3 hours at 0.degree. C.
and then for 16 hours at room temperature. Precipitated urea is
filtered out, the filtrate is evaporated to the dry state in a
vacuum, and the residue is chromatographed on silica gel (mobile
solvent: dichloromethane/methanol 20:1).
[0328] Yield: 18.3 g (74% of theory) of a colorless, viscous
oil.
[0329] Elementary Analysis:
TABLE-US-00019 Cld.: C 41.24 H 3.94 N 3.32 F 38.24 Fnd.: C 41.42 H
3.98 N 3.33 F 38.21
d)
N-(2-Aminoethyl)-N-(1H,1H,2H,2H,4H,4H,5H,5H-3-oxa-perfluorotridecyl)-2--
[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetamide, Methanesulfonic Acid
Salt
[0330] 2.0 g (20.72 mmol) of methanesulfonic acid as well as 3.0 g
of palladium catalyst (10% Pd/C) are added to a solution of 17.5 g
(20.72 mmol) of the title compound of Example 6c in 300 ml of
ethanol, and it is hydrogenated for 24 hours at room temperature.
Catalyst is filtered out, and the filtrate is evaporated to the dry
state in a vacuum.
[0331] Yield: 16.7 g (quantitative) of a colorless solid.
[0332] Elementary Analysis:
TABLE-US-00020 Cld.: C 32.76 H 3.87 N 3.47 F 40.04 Fnd.: C 32.99 H
3.98 N 3.35 F 39.84
e)
N-{[1,4,7-Tris-(carboxylatomethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-10-N--
(pentanoyl-3-aza-4-oxo-5-methyl-5-yl)]-2-aminoethyl}-N-(1H,1H,2H,2H,4H,4H,-
5H,5H-3-oxa-perfluorotridecyl)-2-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetamide,
Gd Complex
[0333] 14.8 g (18.30 mmol) of the title compound of Example 6d,
2.11 g (18.30 mmol) of N-hydroxysuccinimide, 1.55 g (36.60 mmol) of
lithium chloride and 11.52 g (18.30 mmol) of
1,4,7-tris-(carboxylatomethyl)-10-[1-carboxy-3-aza-4-oxo-5-methylpentan-5-
-yl]-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane, Gd complex (WO 98/24775,
Schering AG, (Example 1)) are dissolved in 200 ml of dimethyl
sulfoxide while being heated slightly. At 10.degree. C., 4.72 g
(22.88 mmol) of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide as well as 1.85 g (18.30
mmol) of triethylamine are added, and it is stirred for 16 hours at
room temperature. The solution is poured into 2000 ml of acetone
and stirred for 10 more minutes. The precipitated solid is filtered
off and then purified by chromatography (RP-18; mobile solvent:
gradient that consists of water/acetonitrile).
[0334] Yield: 16.6 g (64% of theory) of a colorless solid
[0335] Water content (Karl-Fischer): 6.9%
[0336] Elementary Analysis (relative to the anhydrous
substance):
TABLE-US-00021 Cld.: C 36.34 H 4.19 N 7.42 F 24.43 Gd 11.89 Fnd.: C
36.49 H 4.27 N 7.36 F 24.28 Gd 11.78
Example 7
a)
6-N-Benzyloxycarbonyl-2-N-(2H,2H,4H,4H,5H,5H-3-oxaperfluorotridecanoyl)-
-L-lysine
[0337] 25 g (31.31 mmol) of
6-N-benzyloxycarbonyl-2-N-(2H,2H,4H,4H,5H,5H-3-oxaperfluorotridecanoyl)-L-
-lysine methyl ester (produced according to EP 03/07274) is
dissolved in 200 ml of methanol and 50 ml of 2N potassium hydroxide
solution and stirred for 18 hours at room temperature. It is
acidified with 2N hydrochloric acid, evaporated to the dry state,
and the residue is chromatographed on silica gel (mobile solvent:
dichloromethane/methanol 10:1).
[0338] Yield: 22.4 g (91% of theory) of a colorless solid.
[0339] Elementary Analysis:
TABLE-US-00022 Cld.: C 39.81 H 3.21 N 3.57 F 41.17 Fnd.: C 40.07 H
3.27 N 3.49 F 41.05
b)
[1-O-.alpha.-d-(2,3,4,6-Tetra-O-benzyl)mannopyranosyl]-acetamide
[0340] 11.45 g (90 mmol) of oxalyl chloride is added to 40 g (66.81
mmol) of
1-O-.alpha.-d-carbonylmethyl-(2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl)mannopyranose
(produced according to WO 99/01160 A1) in 300 ml of
dichloromethane, and it is stirred for 14 hours at room
temperature. It is evaporated to the dry state in a vacuum, the
residue is dissolved in 400 ml of dichloromethane, ammonia gas is
introduced into the solution at 0.degree. C. for about 2 hours, and
it is stirred for 4 more hours at room temperature. The reaction
solution is mixed with 400 ml of 1N hydrochloric acid, and it is
thoroughly stirred for 15 minutes. The organic phase is separated,
dried on magnesium sulfate and evaporated to the dry state in a
vacuum. The residue is chromatographed on silica gel (mobile
solvent: ethyl acetate/hexane 1:2).
[0341] Yield: 34.1 g (85% of theory) of a colorless oil
[0342] Elementary Analysis:
TABLE-US-00023 Cld.: C 72.34 H 6.58 N 2.34 Fnd.: C 72.69 H 6.54 N
2.39
c)
2-[1-O-.alpha.-d-(2,3,4,6-Tetra-O-benzyl)mannopyranosyl]-ethylamine
[0343] 33 g (55.21 mmol) of the title compound of Example 7b in 100
ml of THF is mixed with 30 ml of 10 M boranedimethyl sulfide (in
THF) and refluxed for 5 hours. It is cooled to 0.degree. C., 100 ml
of methanol is added in drops, it is stirred for 1 hour at room
temperature and then evaporated to the dry state in a vacuum. The
residue is taken up in a mixture that consists of 200 ml of
ethanol/100 ml of ethanolamine, and it is stirred for 14 hours at
60.degree. C. It is evaporated to the dry state in a vacuum, the
residue is taken up in 300 ml of 5% sodium hydroxide solution, and
it is extracted three times with 300 ml each of dichloromethane.
The combined organic phases are dried on magnesium sulfate,
evaporated to the dry state in a vacuum, and the residue is
chromatographed on silica gel (mobile solvent:
dichloromethane/methanol 10:1).
[0344] Yield: 26.2 g (81% of theory) of a colorless solid
[0345] Elementary Analysis:
TABLE-US-00024 Cld.: C 74.08 H 7.08 N 2.40 Fnd.: C 74.55 H 7.19 N
2.31
d)
6-N-Benzyloxycarbonyl-2-N-(2H,2H,4H,4H,5H,5H-3-oxaperfluorotridecanoyl)-
-L-lysine-{2-[1-O-.alpha.-d-(2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl)mannopyranosyl]-ethyl}-
-amide
[0346] 4.93 g (23.90 mmol) of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide is added at
0.degree. C. to a solution of 15 g (19.12 mmol) of the title
compound of Example 7a and 11.16 g (19.12 mmol) of the title
compound of Example 7c and 2.20 g (19.12 mmol) of
N-hydroxysuccinimide in 200 ml of dimethylformamide, it is stirred
for 3 hours at 0.degree. C. and then for 16 hours at room
temperature. Precipitated urea is filtered out, the filtrate is
evaporated to the dry state in a vacuum, and the residue is
chromatographed on silica gel (mobile solvent:
dichloromethane/methanol 20:1).
[0347] Yield: 19.2 g (74% of theory) of a colorless, viscous
oil.
[0348] Elementary Analysis:
TABLE-US-00025 Cld.: C 55.15 H 4.78 N 3.11 F 23.92 Fnd.: C 55.32 H
4.82 N 3.09 F 23.74
e)
2-N-(2H,2H,4H,4H,5H,5H-3-Oxaperfluorotridecanyl)-L-lysine-[2-{1-O-.alph-
a.-d-mannopyranosyl)-ethyl]-amide
[0349] 2.0 g of palladium catalyst (10% Pd/C) is added to a
solution of 18.5 g (13.70 mmol) of the title compound of Example 7d
in 200 ml of ethanol, and it is hydrogenated for 24 hours at room
temperature. Catalyst is filtered out, and the filtrate is
evaporated to the dry state in a vacuum.
[0350] Yield: 11.8 g (quantitative) of a colorless solid.
[0351] Elementary Analysis:
TABLE-US-00026 Cld.: C 36.50 H 4.01 N 4.91 F 37.75 Fnd.: C 36.79 H
3.98 N 4.87 F 37.84
f)
6-N-[1,4,7-Tris-(carboxylatomethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-10-N-
-(pentanoyl-3-aza-4-oxo-5-methyl-5-yl)]-2-N-(2H,2H,4H,4H,5H,5H-3-oxaperflu-
orotridecanoyl)-L-lysine-[2-{1-O-.alpha.-d-mannopyranosyl)-ethyl]-amide,
Gd Complex
[0352] 11.0 g (12.86 mmol) of the title compound of Example 7e,
1.48 g (12.86 mmol) of N-hydroxysuccinimide, 1.09 g (25.72 mmol) of
lithium chloride and 8.10 g (12.86 mmol) of
1,4,7-tris-(carboxylatomethyl)-10-[1-carboxy-3-aza-4-oxo-5-methylpentan-5-
-yl]-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane, Gd complex (WO 98/24775,
Schering AG, (Example 1)) are dissolved in 100 ml of dimethyl
sulfoxide while being heated slightly. At 10.degree. C., 3.32 g
(16.08 mmol) of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide is added, and it is
stirred for 16 hours at room temperature. The solution is poured
into 2000 ml of acetone and stirred for 10 more minutes. The
precipitated solid is filtered off and then purified by
chromatography (RP-18; mobile solvent: gradient that consists of
water/acetonitrile).
[0353] Yield 13.0 g (64% of theory) of a colorless solid
[0354] Water content (Karl-Fischer): 6.9%
[0355] Elementary Analysis (relative to the anhydrous
substance):
TABLE-US-00027 Cld.: C 36.84 H 4.26 N 7.64 F 22.01 Gd 10.72 Fnd.: C
37.03 H 4.31 N 7.59 F 21.95 Gd 10.62
Example 8
a)
6-N-Benzyloxycarbonyl-2-N-(2H,2H,4H,4H,5H,5H-3-oxaperfluorotridecanoyl)-
-L-lysine-{[N-(2S,3R,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexyl]-N-methyl}-amide
[0356] 4.93 g (23.90 mmol) of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide is added at
0.degree. C. to a solution of 15 g (19.12 mmol) of the title
compound of Example 7a and 5.6 g (28.68 mmol) of N-methylglucamine
(Aldrich) and 2.20 g (19.12 mmol) of N-hydroxysuccinimide in 200 ml
of dimethylformamide, it is stirred for 3 hours at 0.degree. C. and
then for 16 hours at room temperature. Precipitated urea is
filtered out, the filtrate is evaporated to the dry state in a
vacuum, and the residue is chromatographed on silica gel (mobile
solvent: dichloromethane/methanol 5:1).
[0357] Yield: 9.4 g (51% of theory) of a colorless, viscous
oil.
[0358] Elementary Analysis:
TABLE-US-00028 Cld.: C 41.22 H 4.19 N 4.37 F 33.58 Fnd.: C 41.47 H
4.30 N 4.29 F 33.35
b)
2-N-(2H,2H,4H,4H,5H,5H-3-Oxaperfluorotridecanoyl)-L-lysine-{[N-(2S,3R,4-
R,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexyl]-N-methyl}-amide
[0359] 1.0 g of palladium catalyst (10% Pd/C) is added to a
solution of 9.0 g (9.39 mmol) of the title compound of Example 8a
in 100 ml of ethanol, and it is hydrogenated for 24 hours at room
temperature. Catalyst is filtered out, and the filtrate is
evaporated to the dry state in a vacuum.
[0360] Yield: 7.8 g (quantitative) of a colorless solid.
[0361] Elementary Analysis:
TABLE-US-00029 Cld.: C 36.29 H 4.14 N 5.08 F 39.03 Fnd.: C 36.44 H
4.17 N 4.98 F 38.86
c)
6-N-[1,4,7-Tris-(carboxylatomethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-10-N-
-(pentanoyl-3-aza-4-oxo-5-methyl-5-yl)]-2-N-(2H,2H,4H,4H,5H,5H-3-oxaperflu-
orotridecanoyl)-L-lysine-{[N-(2S,3R,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexyl]-N--
methyl}-amide, Gd Complex
[0362] 7.0 g (8.46 mmol) of the title compound of Example 8b, 974
mg (8.46 mmol) of N-hydroxysuccinimide, 717 mg (16.92 mmol) of
lithium chloride and 5.33 g (8.46 mmol) of
1,4,7-tris-(carboxylatomethyl)-10-[1-carboxy-3-aza-4-oxo-5-methylpentan-5-
-yl]-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane, Gd complex (WO 98/24775,
Schering AG, (Example 1)) are dissolved in 100 ml of dimethyl
sulfoxide while being heated slightly. At 10.degree. C., 2.18 g
(10.57 mmol) of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide is added, and it is
stirred for 16 hours at room temperature. The solution is poured
into 2000 ml of acetone and stirred for 10 more minutes. The
precipitated solid is filtered off and then purified by
chromatography (RP-18; mobile solvent: gradient that consists of
water/acetonitrile).
[0363] Yield: 7.4 g (57% of theory) of a colorless solid
[0364] Water content (Karl-Fischer): 6.1%
[0365] Elementary Analysis (relative to the anhydrous
substance):
TABLE-US-00030 Cld.: C 36.72 H 4.34 N 7.79 F 22.44 Gd 10.93 Fnd.: C
36.87 H 4.36 N 7.72 F 22.48 Gd 10.94
Example 9
a)
6-N-Benzyloxycarbonyl-2-N-(2H,2H,4H,4H,5H,5H-3-oxaperfluorotridecanoyl)-
-L-lysine-(2-{2-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)-ethoxy]-ethoxy}-ethyl)-amide
[0366] 4.93 g (23.90 mmol) of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide is added at
0.degree. C. to a solution of 15 g (19.12 mmol) of the title
compound of Example 7a and 3.97 g (19.12 mmol) of
(2-{2-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)-ethoxy]-ethoxy}-ethyl)-amine
(Whitessides et al., JACS, 1994, 5057-5062) and 2.20 g (19.12 mmol)
of N-hydroxysuccinimide in 200 ml of dimethylformamide, it is
stirred for 3 hours at 0.degree. C. and then for 16 hours at room
temperature. Precipitated urea is filtered out, the filtrate is
evaporated to the dry state in a vacuum, and the residue is
chromatographed on silica gel (mobile solvent:
dichloromethane/methanol 10:1).
[0367] Yield: 12.2 g (82% of theory) of a colorless, viscous
oil.
[0368] Elementary Analysis:
TABLE-US-00031 Cld.: C 43.17 H 4.55 N 4.32 F 33.17 Fnd.: C 43.36 H
4.61 N 4.27 F 33.00
b)
2-N-(2H,2H,4H,4H,5H,5H-3-Oxaperfluorotridecanoyl)-L-lysine-(2-{2-[2-(2--
methoxyethoxy)-ethoxy]-ethoxy}-ethyl)-amide
[0369] 1.0 g of palladium catalyst (10% Pd/C) is added to a
solution of 11.5 g (11.81 mmol) of the title compound of Example 9a
in 100 ml of ethanol, and it is hydrogenated for 24 hours at room
temperature. Catalyst is filtered out, and the filtrate is
evaporated to the dry state in a vacuum.
[0370] Yield: 9.95 g (quantitative) of a colorless solid.
[0371] Elementary Analysis:
TABLE-US-00032 Cld.: C 38.63 H 4.56 N 5.00 F 38.47 Fnd.: C 38.75 H
4.61 N 4.93 F 38.27
c)
6-N-[1,4,7-Tris-(carboxylatomethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-10-N-
-(pentanoyl-3-aza-4-oxo-5-methyl-5-yl)]-2-N-(2H,2H,4H,4H,5H,5H-3-oxaperflu-
orotridecanoyl)-L-lysine-(2-{2-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)-ethoxy]-ethoxy}-ethyl)-
-amide, Gd Complex
[0372] 9.0 g (10.72 mmol) of the title compound of Example 9b, 1.23
g (10.72 mmol) of N-hydroxysuccinimide, 909 mg (21.44 mmol) of
lithium chloride and 6.75 g (10.72 mmol) of
1,4,7-tris-(carboxylatomethyl)-10-[1-carboxy-3-aza-4-oxo-5-methylpentan-5-
-yl]-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane, Gd complex (WO 98/24775,
Schering AG, (Example 1)) are dissolved in 100 ml of dimethyl
sulfoxide while being heated slightly. At 10.degree. C., 2.76 g
(13.4 mmol) of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide is added, and it is stirred
for 16 hours at room temperature. The solution is poured into 2000
ml of acetone and stirred for 10 more minutes. The precipitated
solid is filtered off and then purified by chromatography (RP-18;
mobile solvent: gradient that consists of water/acetonitrile).
[0373] Yield: 10.1 g (62% of theory) of a colorless solid
[0374] Water content (Karl-Fischer): 6.0%
[0375] Elementary Analysis (relative to the anhydrous
substance):
TABLE-US-00033 Cld.: C 36.21 H 4.17 N 6.87 F 22.65 Gd 11.03 Fnd.: C
36.41 H 4.22 N 6.79 F 22.58 Gd 10.92
Example 10
a) 2H,2H,4H,4H,-3-Oxa-perfluorododecanoic Acid
[0376] 64.96 g (333.26 mmol) of bromoacetic acid-tert-butyl ester
is added at 0.degree. C. to 100 g (222.17 mmol) of
1H,1H-perfluoro-1-nonanol (Apollo) and 24.9 g (444 mmol) of
fine-powder potassium hydroxide as well as a catalytic amount (2 g)
of tetra-n-butylammonium hydrogen sulfate in 800 ml of toluene, and
it is stirred for 2 hours at this temperature as well as for 12
hours at room temperature. The reaction solution is mixed with 1500
ml of ethyl acetate and 800 ml of water. The organic phase is
separated and washed twice with 500 ml each of water, then it is
dried on magnesium sulfate and evaporated to the dry state in a
vacuum. The residue is suspended in a mixture that consists of 1200
ml of methanol and 0.5 M sodium hydroxide solution in a ratio of
2:1 and then heated for 12 hours to 60.degree. C. The reaction
mixture is neutralized by mixing with Amberlite IR 120 (H.sup.+
form)-cation exchange resin for working up, exchanger is filtered
out, it is evaporated to the dry state, and chromatographed on
silica gel (mobile solvent: ethyl acetate/hexane 1:3).
[0377] Yield: 87 g (77% of theory) of a colorless wax
[0378] Elementary Analysis:
TABLE-US-00034 Cld.: C 26.00 H 0.99 F 63.56 Fnd.: C 26.22 H 1.01 F
63.42
b)
1-N-(Benzyloxycarbonyl)-1H,1H,2H,2H,5H,5H,7H,7H-3-aza-4-oxa-6-oxo-perfl-
uoropentyldecylamine
[0379] 17.8 g (140 mmol) of oxalyl chloride is added to 50.81 g
(100 mmol) of the title compound of Example 10a in 500 ml of
dichloromethane, and it is stirred for 14 hours at room
temperature. It is evaporated to the dry state in a vacuum, the
residue is dissolved in 400 ml of dichloromethane, mixed at
0.degree. C. with 23.31 g (120 mmol) of
N-benzyloxycarbonyl-ethylenediamine (Atwell et al., Synthesis,
1984, 1032-1033) and 10.2 g (100 mmol) of triethylamine, and
stirred for 24 more hours at room temperature. The reaction
solution is mixed with 400 ml of 1N hydrochloric acid and
thoroughly stirred for 15 minutes. The organic phase is separated,
dried on magnesium sulfate and evaporated to the dry state in a
vacuum. The residue is chromatographed on silica gel (mobile
solvent: ethyl acetate/hexane 1:2).
[0380] Yield: 46.5 g (68% of theory) of a colorless wax
[0381] Elementary Analysis:
TABLE-US-00035 Cld.: C 36.86 H 2.50 N 4.09 F 47.19 Fnd.: C 37.00 H
2.52 N 4.11 F 46.97
c)
1-N-(Benzyloxycarbonyl)-1H,1H,2H,2H,4H,4H,5H,5H,7H,7H-3-aza-6-oxo-perfl-
uoropentadecylamine
[0382] 45.5 g (66.40 mmol) of the title compound of Example 10b in
150 ml of THF is mixed with 50 ml of 10 M boranedimethyl sulfide
(in THF) and refluxed for 5 hours. It is cooled to 0.degree. C.,
100 ml of methanol is added in drops, it is stirred for 1 hour at
room temperature and then evaporated to the dry state in a vacuum.
The residue is taken up in a mixture that consists of 300 ml of
ethanol/50 ml of 1 M hydrochloric acid and stirred for 14 hours at
40.degree. C. It is evaporated to the dry state in a vacuum, the
residue is taken up in 300 ml of 5% sodium hydroxide solution and
extracted three times with 300 ml each of dichloromethane. The
combined organic phases are dried on magnesium sulfate, evaporated
to the dry state in a vacuum, and the residue is chromatographed on
silica gel (mobile solvent: dichloromethane/methanol 10:1).
[0383] Yield: 35.2 g (79% of theory) of a colorless solid
[0384] Elementary Analysis:
TABLE-US-00036 Cld.: C 37.63 H 2.86 N 4.18 F 48.18 Fnd.: C 37.87 H
2.90 N 4.17 F 48.00
d)
N-[2-(Benzyloxycarbonyl)-aminoethyl-N-(1H,1H,2H,2H,4H,4H-3-oxa-perfluor-
ododecenyl)-2-{2-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)-ethoxy]-ethoxy}-acetamide
[0385] 7.69 g (37.29 mmol) of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide is added at
0.degree. C. to a solution of 20 g (29.83 mmol) of the title
compound of Example 10c and 6.63 g (29.83 mmol) of
{2-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)-ethoxy]-ethoxy]-acetic acid (Voegtle et
al., Liebigs Ann. Chem., 1980, 858-862) and 3.43 g (29.83 mmol) of
N-hydroxysuccinimide in 200 ml of dimethylformamide, it is stirred
for 3 hours at 0.degree. C. and then for 16 hours at room
temperature. Precipitated urea is filtered out, the filtrate is
evaporated to the dry state in a vacuum, and the residue is
chromatographed on silica gel (mobile solvent:
dichloromethane/methanol 20:1).
[0386] Yield: 20.1 g (77% of theory) of a colorless, viscous
oil.
[0387] Elementary Analysis:
TABLE-US-00037 Cld.: C 41.20 H 4.03 N 3.20 F 36.93 Fnd.: C 41.44 H
3.98 N 3.11 F 36.84
e)
N-(2-Aminoethyl)-N-(1H,1H,2H,2H,4H,4H-3-oxa-perfluorododecyl)-2-{2-[2-(-
2-methoxyethoxy)-ethoxy]-ethoxy}-acetamide, Methanesulfonic Acid
Salt
[0388] 2.09 g (21.72 mmol) of methanesulfonic acid as well as 3.0 g
of palladium catalyst (10% Pd/C) are added to a solution of 19.0 g
(21.72 mmol) of the title compound of Example 10d in 300 ml of
ethanol, and it is hydrogenated for 24 hours at room temperature.
Catalyst is filtered out, and the filtrate is evaporated to the dry
state in a vacuum.
[0389] Yield: 18.2 g (quantitative) of a colorless solid.
[0390] Elementary Analysis:
TABLE-US-00038 Cld.: C 33.02 H 3.98 N 3.35 F 38.61 Fnd.: C 33.41 H
3.96 N 3.25 F 38.44
f)
N-{[1,4,7-Tris-(carboxylatomethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-10-N--
(pentanoyl-3-aza-4-oxo-5-methyl-5-yl)]-2-aminoethyl}-N-(1H,1H,2H,2H,4H,4H,-
-3-oxa-perfluorododecyl)-2-{2-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)-ethoxy]-ethoxy}-acetami-
de, Gd Complex
[0391] 15.8 g (18.9 mmol) of the title compound of Example 10e,
2.18 g (18.9 mmol) of N-hydroxysuccinimide, 1.60 g (37.80 mmol) of
lithium chloride and 11.90 g (18.30 mmol) of
1,4,7-tris-(carboxylatomethyl)-10-[1-carboxy-3-aza-4-oxo-5-methylpentan-5-
-yl]-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane, Gd complex (WO 98/24775,
Schering AG, (Example 1)) are dissolved in 200 ml of dimethyl
sulfoxide while being heated slightly. At 10.degree. C., 4.87 g
(23.63 mmol) of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide as well as 1.91 g (18.9
mmol) of triethylamine are added, and it is stirred for 16 hours at
room temperature. The solution is poured into 2000 ml of acetone
and stirred for 10 more minutes. The precipitated solid is filtered
off and then purified by chromatography (RP-18; mobile solvent:
gradient that consists of water/acetonitrile).
[0392] Yield: 16.7 g (61% of theory) of a colorless solid
[0393] Water content (Karl-Fischer): 6.9%
[0394] Elementary Analysis (relative to the anhydrous
substance):
TABLE-US-00039 Cld.: C 36.42 H 4.25 N 7.25 F 23.89 Gd 11.63 Fnd.: C
36.71 H 4.32 N 7.19 F 23.67 Gd 11.51
Example 11
a)
1-N-(Benzyloxycarbonyl)-1H,1H,2H,2H,5H,5H,7H,7H,8H,8H-3-aza-4-oxa-6-oxo-
-perfluorohexadecylamine
[0395] 17.8 g (140 mmol) of oxalyl chloride is added to 52.21 g
(100 mmol) of 2H,2H,4H,4H,5H,5H-3-oxa-perfluorotridecanoic acid
(Example 39 g of EP 01/08498) in 500 ml of dichloromethane, and it
is stirred for 14 hours at room temperature. It is evaporated to
the dry state in a vacuum, the residue is dissolved in 400 ml of
dichloromethane, mixed at 0.degree. C. with 23.31 g (120 mmol) of
N-benzyloxycarbonyl-ethylenediamine (Atwell et al., Synthesis,
1984, 1032-1033) and 10.2 g (100 mmol) of triethylamine, and it is
stirred for 24 more hours at room temperature. The reaction
solution is mixed with 400 ml of 1N hydrochloric acid and
thoroughly stirred for 15 minutes. The organic phase is separated,
dried on magnesium sulfate and evaporated to the dry state in a
vacuum. The residue is chromatographed on silica gel (mobile
solvent: ethyl acetate/hexane 1:2).
[0396] Yield: 49.6 g (71% of theory) of a colorless wax
[0397] Elementary Analysis:
TABLE-US-00040 Cld.: C 37.84 H 2.74 N 4.01 F 46.25 Fnd.: C 37.99 H
2.81 N 4.05 F 45.96
b)
1-N-(Benzyloxycarbonyl)-1H,1H,2H,2H,4H,4H,5H,5H,7H,7H,8H,8H-3-aza-6-oxo-
-perfluorohexadecylamine
[0398] 48.0 g (68.73 mmol) of the title compound of Example 11a in
150 ml of THF is mixed with 50 ml of 10 M boranedimethyl sulfide
(in THF) and refluxed for 5 hours. It is cooled to 0.degree. C.,
100 ml of methanol is added in drops, it is stirred for 1 hour at
room temperature and then evaporated to the dry state in a vacuum.
The residue is taken up in a mixture that consists of 300 ml of
ethanol/50 ml of 1 M hydrochloric acid, and it is stirred for 14
hours at 40.degree. C. It is evaporated to the dry state in a
vacuum, the residue is taken up in 300 ml of 5% sodium hydroxide
solution, and it is extracted three times with 300 ml each of
dichloromethane. The combined organic phases are dried on magnesium
sulfate, evaporated to the dry state in a vacuum, and the residue
is chromatographed on silica gel (mobile solvent:
dichloromethane/methanol 10:1).
[0399] Yield: 30.2 g (64% of theory) of a colorless solid
[0400] Elementary Analysis:
TABLE-US-00041 Cld.: C 36.61 H 3.09 N 4.09 F 47.19 Fnd.: C 36.77 H
3.14 N 4.02 F 46.99
c)
N-[2-(Benzyloxycarbonyl)-aminoethyl-N-(1H,1H,2H,2H,4H,4H,5H,5H-3-oxa-pe-
rfluorotridecyl)-2-{2-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)-ethoxy]-ethoxy}-acetamide
[0401] 7.42 g (36.59 mmol) of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide is added at
0.degree. C. to a solution of 20 g (29.22 mmol) of the title
compound of Example 1b and 6.49 g (29.22 mmol) of
{2-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)-ethoxy]-ethoxy}-acetic acid (Voegtle et
al., Liebigs Ann. Chem., 1980, 858-862) and 3.29 g (29.22 mmol) of
N-hydroxysuccinimide in 200 ml of dimethylformamide, it is stirred
for 3 hours at 0.degree. C. and then for 16 hours at room
temperature. Precipitated urea is filtered out, the filtrate is
evaporated to the dry state in a vacuum, and the residue is
chromatographed on silica gel (mobile solvent:
dichloromethane/methanol 20:1).
[0402] Yield: 20.3 g (78% of theory) of a colorless, viscous
oil.
[0403] Elementary Analysis:
TABLE-US-00042 Cld.: C 41.90 H 4.20 N 3.15 F 36.35 Fnd.: C 42.16 H
4.28 N 3.12 F 36.21
d)
N-(2-Aminoethyl)-N-(1H,1H,2H,2H,4H,4H,5H,5H-3-oxa-perfluorotridecyl)-2--
{(2-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)-ethoxy]-ethoxy}-acetamide, Methanesulfonic
Acid Salt
[0404] 2.06 g (21.38 mmol) of methanesulfonic acid as well as 3.0 g
of palladium catalyst (10% Pd/C) are added to a solution of 19.0 g
(21.38 mmol) of the title compound of Example 11c in 300 ml of
ethanol, and it is hydrogenated for 24 hours at room temperature.
Catalyst is filtered out, and the filtrate is evaporated to the dry
state in a vacuum.
[0405] Yield: 18.2 g (quantitative) of a colorless solid.
[0406] Elementary Analysis:
TABLE-US-00043 Cld.: C 33.89 H 4.15 N 3.29 F 37.97 Fnd.: C 34.11 H
4.21 N 3.10 F 37.69
e)
N-{[1,4,7-Tris-(carboxylatomethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-10-N--
(pentanoyl-3-aza-4-oxo-5-methyl-5-yl)]-2-aminoethyl)}-N-(1H,1H,2H,2H,4H,4H-
,5H,5H-3-oxa-perfluorotridecyl)-2-{2-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)-ethoxy]-ethoxy}--
acetamide, Gd Complex
[0407] 15.8 g (18.55 mmol) of the title compound of Example 11d,
2.14 g (18.55 mmol) of N-hydroxysuccinimide, 1.57 g (37.10 mmol) of
lithium chloride and 11.68 g (18.55 mmol) of
1,4,7-tris-(carboxylatomethyl)-10-[1-carboxy-3-aza-4-oxo-5-methylpentan-5-
-yl]-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane, Gd complex (WO 98/24775,
Schering AG, (Example 1)) are dissolved in 200 ml of dimethyl
sulfoxide while being heated slightly. At 10.degree. C., 4.78 g
(23.19 mmol) of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide as well as 1.88 g (18.55
mmol) of triethylamine are added, and it is stirred for 16 hours at
room temperature. The solution is poured into 2000 ml of acetone,
and it is stirred for 10 more minutes. The precipitated solid is
filtered off and then purified by chromatography (RP-18; mobile
solvent: gradient that consists of water/acetonitrile).
[0408] Yield: 19.8 g (73% of theory) of a colorless solid
[0409] Water content (Karl-Fischer): 6.5%
[0410] Elementary Analysis (relative to the anhydrous
substance):
TABLE-US-00044 Cld.: C 36.92 H 4.35 N 7.18 F 23.64 Gd 11.51 Fnd.: C
37.15 H 4.30 N 7.07 F 23.51 Gd 11.44
Example 12
a)
N-[2-(Benzyloxycarbonyl)-aminoethyl-N-(1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyl)-2-(2-
-{2-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)-ethoxy]-ethoxy}-ethoxy)-acetamide
[0411] 8.05 g (39.04 mmol) of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide is added at
0.degree. C. to a solution of 20 g (31.23 mmol) of the title
compound of Example 1a and 8.32 g (31.23 mmol) of
(2-{2-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)-ethoxy]-ethoxy}-ethoxy)-acetic acid
(Voegtle et al., Liebigs Ann. Chem., 1980, 858-862) and 3.59 g
(31.23 mmol) of N-hydroxysuccinimide in 200 ml of
dimethylformamide, it is stirred for 3 hours at 0.degree. C. and
then for 16 hours at room temperature. Precipitated urea is
filtered out, the filtrate is evaporated to the dry state in a
vacuum, and the residue is chromatographed on silica gel (mobile
solvent: dichloromethane/methanol 20:1).
[0412] Yield: 22.1 g (80% of theory) of a colorless, viscous
oil.
[0413] Elementary Analysis:
TABLE-US-00045 Cld.: C 41.90 H 4.20 N 3.15 F 36.35 Fnd.: C 42.14 H
4.26 N 3.11 F 36.12
b)
N-(2-Aminoethyl)-N-(1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyl)-2-(2-{2-[2-(2-methoxyet-
hoxy)-ethoxy]-ethoxy}-ethoxy)-acetamide, Methanesulfonic Acid
Salt
[0414] 2.28 g (23.63 mmol) of methanesulfonic acid as well as 4.0 g
of palladium catalyst (10% Pd/C) are added to a solution of 21 g
(23.63 mmol) of the title compound of Example 12a in 500 ml of
ethanol, and it is hydrogenated for 24 hours at room temperature.
Catalyst is filtered out, and the filtrate is evaporated to the dry
state in a vacuum.
[0415] Yield: 20.1 g (quantitative) of a colorless solid.
[0416] Elementary Analysis:
TABLE-US-00046 Cld.: C 33.89 H 4.15 N 3.29 F 37.97 Fnd.: C 34.08 H
4.19 N 3.17 F 37.65
c)
N-{([1,4,7-Tris-(carboxylatomethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-10-N-
-(pentanoyl-3-aza-4-oxo-5-methyl-5-yl)]-2-aminoethyl}-N-(1H,1H,2H,2H-perfl-
uorodecyl)-2-(2-{2-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)-ethoxy]-ethoxy}-ethoxy)-acetamide,
Gd Complex
[0417] 16.9 g (19.88 mmol) of the title compound of Example 12b,
2.29 g (19.88 mmol) of N-hydroxysuccinimide, 1.68 g (39.76 mmol) of
lithium chloride and 12.52 g (19.88 mmol) of
1,4,7-tris-(carboxylatomethyl)-10-[1-carboxy-3-aza-4-oxo-5-methylpentan-5-
-yl]-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane, Gd complex (WO 98/24775,
Schering AG, (Example 1)) are dissolved in 200 ml of dimethyl
sulfoxide while being heated slightly. At 10.degree. C., 5.13 g
(24.85 mmol) of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide as well as 2.01 g (19.88
mmol) of triethylamine are added, and it is stirred for 16 hours at
room temperature. The solution is poured into 2000 ml of acetone
and stirred for 10 more minutes. The precipitated solid is filtered
off and then purified by chromatography (RP-18; mobile solvent:
gradient that consists of water/acetonitrile).
[0418] Yield: 18.1 g (62% of theory) of a colorless solid
[0419] Water content (Karl-Fischer): 6.8%
[0420] Elementary Analysis (relative to the anhydrous
substance):
TABLE-US-00047 Cld.: C 36.92 H 4.35 N 7.18 F 23.64 Gd 11.51 Fnd.: C
37.11 H 4.38 N 7.09 F 23.51 Gd 11.44
Example 13
a)
N-[2-(Benzyloxycarbonyl)-aminoethyl-N-(1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyl)-2-me-
thoxyacetamide
[0421] 8.05 g (39.04 mmol) of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide is added at
0.degree. C. to a solution of 20 g (31.23 mmol) of the title
compound of Example 1a and 2.81 g (31.23 mmol) of 2-methoxyacetic
acid (Aldrich) and 3.59 g (31.23 mmol) of N-hydroxysuccinimide in
200 ml of dimethylformamide, it is stirred for 3 hours at 0.degree.
C. and then for 16 hours at room temperature. Precipitated urea is
filtered out, the filtrate is evaporated to the dry state in a
vacuum, and the residue is chromatographed on silica gel (mobile
solvent: dichloromethane/methanol 20:1).
[0422] Yield: 17.1 g (77% of theory) of a colorless, viscous
oil.
[0423] Elementary Analysis:
TABLE-US-00048 Cld.: C 38.78 H 2.97 N 3.93 F 45.34 Fnd.: C 38.94 H
3.01 N 3.88 F 45.22
b)
N-(2-Aminoethyl)-N-(1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyl)-2-methoxyacetamide,
Methanesulfonic Acid Salt
[0424] 2.23 g (23.16 mmol) of methanesulfonic acid as well as 4.0 g
of palladium catalyst (10% Pd/C) are added to a solution of 16.5 g
(23.16 mmol) of the title compound of Example 13a in 500 ml of
ethanol, and it is hydrogenated for 24 hours at room temperature.
Catalyst is filtered out, and the filtrate is evaporated to the dry
state in a vacuum.
[0425] Yield: 15.1 g (quantitative) of a colorless solid.
[0426] Elementary Analysis:
TABLE-US-00049 Cld.: C 28.50 H 2.84 N 4.15 F 47.89 Fnd.: C 28.79 H
2.96 N 4.09 F 47.53
c)
N-{([1,4,7-Tris-(carboxylatomethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-10-N-
-(pentanoyl-3-aza-4-oxo-5-methyl-5-yl)]-2-aminoethyl)}-N-(1H,1H,2H,2H-perf-
luorodecyl)-2-methoxyacetamide, Gd Complex
[0427] 11.7 g (17.29 mmol) of the title compound of Example 13b,
1.99 g (17.29 mmol) of N-hydroxysuccinimide, 1.46 g (34.58 mmol) of
lithium chloride and 10.89 g (17.29 mmol) of
1,4,7-tris-(carboxylatomethyl)-10-[1-carboxy-3-aza-4-oxo-5-methylpentan-5-
-yl]-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane, Gd complex (WO 98/24775,
Schering AG, (Example 1)) are dissolved in 200 ml of dimethyl
sulfoxide while being heated slightly. At 10.degree. C., 4.46 g
(21.6 mmol) of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide as well as 1.75 g (17.29
mmol) of triethylamine are added, and it is stirred for 16 hours at
room temperature. The solution is poured into 2000 ml of acetone,
and it is stirred for 10 more minutes. The precipitated solid is
filtered off and then purified by chromatography (RP-18; mobile
solvent: gradient that consists of water/acetonitrile).
[0428] Yield 12.9 g (59% of theory) of a colorless solid
[0429] Water content (Karl-Fischer): 6.0%
[0430] Elementary Analysis (relative to the anhydrous
substance):
TABLE-US-00050 Cld.: C 34.32 H 3.64 N 8.24 F 27.14 Gd 13.21 Fnd.: C
34.59 H 3.69 N 8.18 F 26.98 Gd 13.14
Example 14
a)
N-[2-(Benzyloxycarbonyl)-aminoethyl-N-(1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyl)-2-{--
2-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)-ethoxy]-ethoxy}-acetamide
[0431] 8.05 g (39.04 mmol) of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide is added at
0.degree. C. to a solution of 20 g (31.23 mmol) of the title
compound of Example 1a and 6.94 g (31.23 mmol) of
{2-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)-ethoxy]-ethoxy}-acetic acid (Voegtle et
al., Liebigs Ann. Chem., 1980, 858-862) and 3.59 g (31.23 mmol) of
N-hydroxysuccinimide in 200 ml of dimethylformamide, it is stirred
for 3 hours at 0.degree. C. and then for 16 hours at room
temperature. Precipitated urea is filtered out, the filtrate is
evaporated to the dry state in a vacuum, and the residue is
chromatographed on silica gel (mobile solvent:
dichloromethane/methanol 20:1).
[0432] Yield: 22.3 g (85% of theory) of a colorless, viscous
oil.
[0433] Elementary Analysis:
TABLE-US-00051 Cld.: C 41.24 H 3.94 N 3.32 F 38.24 Fnd.: C 41.37 H
3.99 N 3.27 F 38.11
b)
N-(2-Aminoethyl)-N-(1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyl)-2-{-2-[2-(2-methoxyetho-
xy)-ethoxy]-ethoxy}-acetamide, Methanesulfonic Acid Salt
[0434] 2.40 g (24.86 mmol) of methanesulfonic acid as well as 4.0 g
of palladium catalyst (10% Pd/C) are added to a solution of 21 g
(24.86 mmol) of the title compound of Example 14a in 500 ml of
ethanol, and it is hydrogenated for 24 hours at room temperature.
Catalyst is filtered out, and the filtrate is evaporated to the dry
state in a vacuum.
[0435] Yield: 20.1 g (quantitative) of a colorless solid.
[0436] Elementary Analysis:
TABLE-US-00052 Cld.: C 32.76 H 3.87 N 3.47 F 40.04 Fnd.: C 32.88 H
3.91 N 3.33 F 39.89
c)
N-{[1,4,7-Tris-(carboxylatomethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-10-N--
(pentanoyl-3-aza-4-oxo-5-methyl-5-yl)]-2-aminoethyl}-N-(1H,1H,2H,2H-perflu-
orodecyl)-2-{-2-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)-ethoxy]-ethoxy}-acetamide, Gd
Complex
[0437] 11.4 g (14.08 mmol) of the title compound of Example 14b,
1.62 g (14.08 mmol) of N-hydroxysuccinimide, 1.19 g (28.12 mmol) of
lithium chloride and 8.87 g (14.08 mmol) of
1,4,7-tris-(carboxylatomethyl)-10-[1-carboxy-3-aza-4-oxo-5-methylpentan-5-
-yl]-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane, Gd complex (WO 98/24775,
Schering AG (Example 1)), are dissolved in 200 ml of dimethyl
sulfoxide while being heated slightly. At 10.degree. C., 3.63 g
(17.6 mmol) of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide as well as 1.43 g (14.08
mmol) of triethylamine are added, and it is stirred for 16 hours at
room temperature. The solution is poured into 2000 ml of acetone
and stirred for 10 more minutes. The precipitated solid is filtered
off and then purified by chromatography (RP-18; mobile solvent:
gradient that consists of water/acetonitrile).
[0438] Yield: 13.9 g (71% of theory) of a colorless solid
[0439] Water content (Karl-Fischer): 5.7%
[0440] Elementary Analysis (relative to the anhydrous
substance):
TABLE-US-00053 Cld.: C 36.34 H 4.19 N 7.42 F 24.43 Gd 11.89 Fnd.: C
36.57 H 4.22 N 7.44 F 24.29 Gd 11.77
Example 15
a)
N-[2-(Benzyloxycarbonyl)-aminoethyl-N-(1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyl)-2-(2-
-methoxyethoxy)-acetamide
[0441] 8.05 g (39.04 mmol) of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide is added at
0.degree. C. to a solution of 20 g (31.23 mmol) of the title
compound of Example 1a and 4.19 g (31.23 mmol) of
(2-methoxyethoxy)-acetic acid (Aldrich) and 3.59 g (31.23 mmol) of
N-hydroxysuccinimide in 200 ml of dimethylformamide, it is stirred
for 3 hours at 0.degree. C. and then for 16 hours at room
temperature. Precipitated urea is filtered out, the filtrate is
evaporated to the dry state in a vacuum, and the residue is
chromatographed on silica gel (mobile solvent:
dichloromethane/methanol 20:1).
[0442] Yield: 17.5 g (74% of theory) of a colorless, viscous
oil.
[0443] Elementary Analysis:
TABLE-US-00054 Cld.: C 39.70 H 3.33 N 3.70 F 42.70 Fnd.: C 40.01 H
3.42 N 3.66 F 42.54
b)
N-(2-Aminoethyl)-N-(1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyl)-2-(2-methoxyethoxy)-ace-
tamide, Methanesulfonic Acid Salt
[0444] 2.17 g (22.47 mmol) of methanesulfonic acid as well as 3.0 g
of palladium catalyst (10% Pd/C) are added to a solution of 17 g
(22.47 mmol) of the title compound of Example 15a in 500 ml of
ethanol, and it is hydrogenated for 24 hours at room temperature.
Catalyst is filtered out, and the filtrate is evaporated to the dry
state in a vacuum.
[0445] Yield: 16.2 g (quantitative) of a colorless solid.
[0446] Elementary Analysis:
TABLE-US-00055 Cld.: C 30.09 H 3.23 N 3.90 F 44.96 Fnd.: C 30.33 H
3.25 N 3.84 F 44.77
c)
N-{[1,4,7-Tris-(carboxylatomethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-10-N--
(pentanoyl-3-aza-4-oxo-5-methyl-5-yl)]-2-aminoethyl}-N-(1H,1H,2H,2H-perflu-
orodecyl)-2-(2-methoxyethoxy)-acetamide, Gd Complex
[0447] 11.5 g (16.07 mmol) of the title compound of Example 15b,
1.85 g (16.07 mmol) of N-hydroxysuccinimide, 1.36 g (32.14 mmol) of
lithium chloride and 10.12 g (16.07 mmol) of
1,4,7-tris-(carboxylatomethyl)-10-[1-carboxy-3-aza-4-oxo-5-methylpentan-5-
-yl]-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane, Gd complex (WO 98/24775,
Schering AG, (Example 1)) are dissolved in 200 ml of dimethyl
sulfoxide while being heated slightly. At 10.degree. C., 4.14 g
(20.08 mmol) of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide as well as 1.63 g (16.07
mmol) of triethylamine are added, and it is stirred for 16 hours at
room temperature. The solution is poured into 2000 ml of acetone
and stirred for 10 more minutes. The precipitated solid is filtered
off and then purified by chromatography (RP-18; mobile solvent:
gradient that consists of water/acetonitrile).
[0448] Yield: 14.2 g (67% of theory) of a colorless solid
[0449] Water content (Karl-Fischer): 6.0%
[0450] Elementary Analysis (relative to the anhydrous
substance):
TABLE-US-00056 Cld.: C 35.04 H 3.84 N 7.95 F 26.17 Gd 12.74 Fnd.: C
35.38 H 3.88 N 7.91 F 25.99 Gd 12.63
Example 16
a)
1-N-(Benzyloxycarbonyl)-1H,1H,2H,2H,3H,3H,4H,4H,6H,6H,-4-aza-perfluorot-
etradecylamine
[0451] 25.0 g (120 mmol) of N-benzyloxycarbonyl-propylenediamine
(Atwell et al., Synthesis, 1984, 1032-1033) and 10.2 g (100 mmol)
of triethylamine are added to 54.22 g (100 mmol) of methanesulfonic
acid-(1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyl)-ester (Bartsch et al.,
Tetrahedron, 2000, 3291-3302) in 500 ml of acetonitrile, and it is
stirred for 48 hours at 60.degree. C. Insoluble components are
filtered out from the reaction solution, it is evaporated to the
dry state in a vacuum, and the residue is chromatographed on silica
gel (mobile solvent: dichloromethane/methanol 20:1).
[0452] Yield: 40.7 g (62% of theory) of a colorless wax
[0453] Elementary Analysis:
TABLE-US-00057 Cld.: C 38.55 H 2.93 N 4.28 F 49.36 Fnd.: C 38.73 H
2.89 N 4.17 F 49.11
b)
N-[3-(Benzyloxycarbonyl)-aminopropyl-N-(1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyl)-2-{-
-2-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)-ethoxy]-ethoxy}-acetamide
[0454] 7.99 g (38.74 mmol) of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide is added at
0.degree. C. to a solution of 20 g (30.99 mmol) of the title
compound of Example 16a and 6.89 g (30.99 mmol) of
{2-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)-ethoxy]-ethoxy}-acetic acid (Voegtle et
al., Liebigs Ann. Chem., 1980, 858-862) and 3.56 g (30.99 mmol) of
N-hydroxysuccinimide in 200 ml of dimethylformamide, it is stirred
for 3 hours at 0.degree. C. and then for 16 hours at room
temperature. Precipitated urea is filtered out, the filtrate is
evaporated to the dry state in a vacuum, and the residue is
chromatographed on silica gel (mobile solvent:
dichloromethane/methanol 20:1).
[0455] Yield: 21.5 g (81% of theory) of a colorless, viscous
oil.
[0456] Elementary Analysis:
TABLE-US-00058 Cld.: C 41.97 H 4.11 N 3.26 F 37.62 Fnd.: C 42.24 H
4.18 N 3.15 F 37.44
c)
N-(3-Aminopropyl)-N-(1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyl)-2-{-2-[2-(2-methoxyeth-
oxy)-ethoxy]-ethoxy}-acetamide, Methanesulfonic Acid Salt
[0457] 2.25 g (23.29 mmol) of methanesulfonic acid as well as 4.0 g
of palladium catalyst (10% Pd/C) are added to a solution of 20 g
(23.29 mmol) of the title compound of Example 16b in 500 ml of
ethanol, and it is hydrogenated for 24 hours at room temperature.
Catalyst is filtered out, and the filtrate is evaporated to the dry
state in a vacuum.
[0458] Yield: 19.2 g (quantitative) of a colorless solid.
[0459] Elementary Analysis:
TABLE-US-00059 Cld.: C 33.67 H 4.05 N 3.41 F 39.36 Fnd.: C 33.94 H
4.09 N 3.27 F 39.11
d)
N-{[1,4,7-Tris-(carboxylatomethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-10-N--
(pentanoyl-3-aza-4-oxo-5-methyl-5-yl)]-3-aminopropyl}-N-(1H,1H,2H,2H-perfl-
uorodecyl)-2-{-2-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)-ethoxy]-ethoxy}-acetamide, Gd
Complex
[0460] 11.3 g (13.80 mmol) of the title compound of Example 16c,
1.59 g (13.80 mmol) of N-hydroxysuccinimide, 1.17 g (27.60 mmol) of
lithium chloride and 8.79 g (13.80 mmol) of
1,4,7-tris-(carboxylatomethyl)-10-[1-carboxy-3-aza-4-oxo-5-methylpentan-5-
-yl]-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane, Gd complex (WO 98/24775,
Schering AG, (Example 1)) are dissolved in 200 ml of dimethyl
sulfoxide while being heated slightly. At 10.degree. C., 3.59 g
(17.4 mmol) of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide as well as 1.40 g (13.80
mmol) of triethylamine are added, and it is stirred for 16 hours at
room temperature. The solution is poured into 2000 ml of acetone
and stirred for 10 more minutes. The precipitated solid is filtered
off and then purified by chromatography (RP-18; mobile solvent:
gradient that consists of water/acetonitrile).
[0461] Yield: 12.9 g (66% of theory) of a colorless solid
[0462] Water content (Karl-Fischer): 6.0%
[0463] Elementary Analysis (relative to the anhydrous
substance):
TABLE-US-00060 Cld.: C 36.86 H 4.30 N 7.34 F 24.17 Gd 11.77 Fnd.: C
36.99 H 4.37 N 7.31 F 24.01 Gd 11.69
Example 17
a)
1-N-(Benzyloxycarbonyl)-1H,1H,2H,2H,3H,3H,4H,4H,6H,6H,7H,7H-5-aza-perfl-
uoropentadecylamine
[0464] 26.67 g (120 mmol) of N-benzyloxycarbonyl-butylenediamine
(Atwell et al., Synthesis, 1984, 1032-1033) and 10.2 g (100 mmol)
of triethylamine are added to 54.22 g (100 mmol) of methanesulfonic
acid-(1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyl)-ester (Bartsch et al.,
Tetrahedron, 2000, 3291-3302) in 500 ml of acetonitrile, and it is
stirred for 48 hours at 60.degree. C. Insoluble components are
filtered out from the reaction solution, it is evaporated to the
dry state in a vacuum, and the residue is chromatographed on silica
gel (mobile solvent: dichloromethane/methanol 20:1).
[0465] Yield: 39.6 g (59% of theory) of a colorless wax
[0466] Elementary Analysis:
TABLE-US-00061 Cld.: C 39.53 H 3.17 N 4.19 F 48.32 Fnd.: C 39.74 H
3.21 N 4.17 F 48.17
b)
N-[4-(Benzyloxycarbonyl)-aminobutyl-N-(1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyl)-2-{--
2-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)-ethoxy]-ethoxy}-acetamide
[0467] 7.71 g (37.4 mmol) of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide is added at
0.degree. C. to a solution of 20 g (29.92 mmol) of the title
compound of Example 17a and 6.65 g (29.92 mmol) of
{2-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)-ethoxy]-ethoxy}-acetic acid (Voegtle et
al., Liebigs Ann. Chem., 1980, 858-862) and 3.44 g (29.92 mmol) of
N-hydroxysuccinimide in 200 ml of dimethylformamide, it is stirred
for 3 hours at 0.degree. C. and then for 16 hours at room
temperature. Precipitated urea is filtered out, the filtrate is
evaporated to the dry state in a vacuum, and the residue is
chromatographed on silica gel (mobile solvent:
dichloromethane/methanol 20:1).
[0468] Yield: 26.0 g (79% of theory) of a colorless, viscous
oil.
[0469] Elementary Analysis:
TABLE-US-00062 Cld.: C 42.67 H 4.27 N 3.21 F 37.01 Fnd.: C 42.85 H
4.30 N 3.16 F 36.87
c)
N-(4-Aminobutyl)-N-(1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyl)-2-{-2-[2-(2-methoxyetho-
xy)-ethoxy]-ethoxy}-acetamide
[0470] 4.0 g of palladium catalyst (10% Pd/C) is added to a
solution of 20 g (22.92 mmol) of the title compound of Example 17b
in 500 ml of ethanol, and it is hydrogenated for 24 hours at room
temperature. Catalyst is filtered out, and the filtrate is
evaporated to the dry state in a vacuum.
[0471] Yield: 17.0 g (quantitative) of a colorless solid.
[0472] Elementary Analysis:
TABLE-US-00063 Cld.: C 37.41 H 4.23 N 3.79 F 43.73 Fnd.: C 37.59 H
4.29 N 3.74 F 43.61
d)
N-{[1,4,7-Tris-(carboxylatomethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-10-N--
(pentanoyl-3-aza-4-oxo-5-methyl-5-yl)]-4-aminobutyl}-N-(1H,1H,2H,2H-perflu-
orodecyl)-2-{-2-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)-ethoxy]-ethoxy}-acetamide, Gd
Complex
[0473] 10 g (13.54 mmol) of the title compound of Example 17c, 1.56
g (13.54 mmol) of N-hydroxysuccinimide, 1.14 g (26.08 mmol) of
lithium chloride and 8.69 g (13.54 mmol) of
1,4,7-tris-(carboxylatomethyl)-10-[1-carboxy-3-aza-4-oxo-5-methylpentan-5-
-yl]-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane, Gd complex (WO 98/24775,
Schering AG, (Example 1)) are dissolved in 200 ml of dimethyl
sulfoxide while being heated slightly. At 10.degree. C., 3.53 g
(17.07 mmol) of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide is added, and it is
stirred for 16 hours at room temperature. The solution is poured
into 2000 ml of acetone and stirred for 10 more minutes. The
precipitated solid is filtered off and then purified by
chromatography (RP-18; mobile solvent: gradient that consists of
water/acetonitrile).
[0474] Yield: 11.7 g (60% of theory) of a colorless solid
[0475] Water content (Karl-Fischer): 6.5%
[0476] Elementary Analysis (relative to the anhydrous
substance):
TABLE-US-00064 Cld.: C 37.36 H 4.40 N 7.26 F 23.92 Gd 11.65 Fnd.: C
37.51 H 4.44 N 7.22 F 23.84 Gd 11.59
Example 18
a)
N-[2-(Benzyloxycarbonyl)-aminoethyl-N-(1H,1H,2H,2H,4H,4H-3-oxa-perfluor-
ododecyl)-2-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetamide
[0477] 7.69 g (37.29 mmol) of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide is added at
0.degree. C. to a solution of 20 g (29.83 mmol) of the title
compound of Example 10c and 5.32 g (29.83 mmol) of
[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetic acid (Aldrich) and 3.43 g
(29.83 mmol) of N-hydroxysuccinimide in 200 ml of
dimethylformamide, it is stirred for 3 hours at 0.degree. C. and
then for 16 hours at room temperature. Precipitated urea is
filtered out, the filtrate is evaporated to the dry state in a
vacuum, and the residue is chromatographed on silica gel (mobile
solvent: dichloromethane/methanol 20:1).
[0478] Yield: 17.9 g (72% of theory) of a colorless, viscous
oil.
[0479] Elementary Analysis:
TABLE-US-00065 Cld.: C 40.49 H 3.76 N 3.37 F 38.89 Fnd.: C 40.62 H
3.81 N 3.38 F 38.77
b)
N-(2-Aminoethyl)-N-(1H,1H,2H,2H,4H,4H-3-oxa-perfluorododecyl)-2-[2-(2-m-
ethoxyethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetamide, Methanesulfonic Acid Salt
[0480] 1.98 g (20.50 mmol) of methanesulfonic acid as well as 3.0 g
of palladium catalyst (10% Pd/C) are added to a solution of 17.0 g
(20.50 mmol) of the title compound of Example 18c in 300 ml of
ethanol, and it is hydrogenated for 24 hours at room temperature.
Catalyst is filtered out, and the filtrate is evaporated to the dry
state in a vacuum.
[0481] Yield: 16.3 g (quantitative) of a colorless solid.
[0482] Elementary Analysis:
TABLE-US-00066 Cld.: C 31.83 H 3.69 N 3.53 F 40.75 Fnd.: C 31.57 H
3.78 N 3.44 F 40.51
c)
N-{[1,4,7-Tris-(carboxylatomethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-10-N--
(pentanoyl-3-aza-4-oxo-5-methyl-5-yl)]-2-aminoethyl}-N-(1H,1H,2H,2H,4H,4H--
3-oxa-perfluorododecyl)-2-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetamide,
Gd Complex
[0483] 14.75 g (18.30 mmol) of the title compound of Example 18d,
2.11 g (18.30 mmol) of N-hydroxysuccinimide, 1.55 g (36.60 mmol) of
lithium chloride and 11.52 g (18.30 mmol) of
1,4,7-tris-(carboxylatomethyl)-10-[1-carboxy-3-aza-4-oxo-5-methylpentan-5-
-yl]-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane, Gd complex (WO 98/24775,
Schering AG, (Example 1)) are dissolved in 200 ml of dimethyl
sulfoxide while being heated slightly. At 10.degree. C., 4.72 g
(22.88 mmol) of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide as well as 1.85 g (18.30
mmol) of triethylamine are added, and it is stirred for 16 hours at
room temperature. The solution is poured into 2000 ml of acetone
and stirred for 10 more minutes. The precipitated solid is filtered
off and then purified by chromatography (RP-18; mobile solvent:
gradient that consists of water/acetonitrile).
[0484] Yield: 17.6 g (69% of theory) of a colorless solid
[0485] Water content (Karl-Fischer): 6.1%
[0486] Elementary Analysis (relative to the anhydrous
substance):
TABLE-US-00067 Cld.: C 35.81 H 4.06 N 7.50 F 24.69 Gd 12.02 Fnd.: C
36.04 H 4.11 N 7.49 F 24.52 Gd 11.94
Example 19
a)
1-N-(tert-Butyloxycarbonyl)-1H,1H,2H,2H,4H,4H,5H,5H,7H,7H,8H,8H-6-aza-3-
-oxaperfluorohexaadecylamine
[0487] 6.13 g (30 mmol) of
N-tert-butyloxycarbonyl-3-oxa-pentylenediamine (Koenig et al., Eur.
J. Org. Chem., 2002, 3004-3014) and 2.55 g (25 mmol) of
triethylamine are added to 13.56 g (25 mmol) of methanesulfonic
acid-(1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyl)-ester (Bartsch et al.,
Tetrahedron, 2000, 3291-3302) in 150 ml of acetonitrile, and it is
stirred for 48 hours at 60.degree. C. Insoluble components are
filtered out from the reaction solution, it is evaporated to the
dry state in a vacuum, and the residue is chromatographed on silica
gel (mobile solvent: dichloromethane/methanol 20:1).
[0488] Yield: 10.9 g (67% of theory) of a colorless wax
[0489] Elementary Analysis:
TABLE-US-00068 Cld.: C 35.09 H 3.56 N 4.31 F 49.66 Fnd.: C 35.28 H
3.64 N 4.24 F 49.53
b)
N-[5-(tert-Butyloxycarbonyl)-amino-3-oxapentyl-N-(1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluoro-
decyl)-2-{-2-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)-ethoxy]-ethoxy}-acetamide
[0490] 3.97 g (19.23 mmol) of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide is added at
0.degree. C. to a solution of 10 g (15.38 mmol) of the title
compound of Example 19a and 3.42 g (15.38 mmol) of
{2-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)-ethoxy]-ethoxy}-acetic acid (Voegtle et
al., Liebigs Ann. Chem., 1980, 858-862) and 1.77 g (15.38 mmol) of
N-hydroxysuccinimide in 200 ml of dimethylformamide, it is stirred
for 3 hours at 0.degree. C. and then for 16 hours at room
temperature. Precipitated urea is filtered out, the filtrate is
evaporated to the dry state in a vacuum, and the residue is
chromatographed on silica gel (mobile solvent:
dichloromethane/methanol 20:1).
[0491] Yield: 9.9 g (75% of theory) of a colorless, viscous
oil.
[0492] Elementary Analysis:
TABLE-US-00069 Cld.: C 39.35 H 4.60 N 3.28 F 37.79 Fnd.: C 39.57 H
4.66 N 3.16 F 36.55
c)
N-(5-Amino-3-oxapentyl)-N-(1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyl)-2-{-2-[2-(2-meth-
oxyethoxy)-ethoxy]-ethoxy}-acetamide
[0493] 50 ml of trifluoroacetic acid is added at 0.degree. C. to a
solution of 9.5 g (11.12 mmol) of the title compound of Example 19b
in 100 ml of dichloromethane, and for 3 hours at room temperature.
It is evaporated to the dry state in a vacuum, and the residue is
chromatographed on silica gel (mobile solvent:
dichloromethane/methanol 10:1).
[0494] Yield: 7.8 g (93% of theory) of a colorless solid.
[0495] Elementary Analysis:
TABLE-US-00070 Cld.: C 36.62 H 4.14 N 3.71 F 42.81 Fnd.: C 36.88 H
4.21 N 3.55 F 43.25
d)
N-{[1,4,7-Tris-(carboxylatomethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-10-N--
(pentanoyl-3-aza-4-oxo-5-methyl-5-yl)]-5-amino-3-oxapentyl}-N-(1H,1H,2H,2H-
-perfluorodecyl)-2-{-2-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)-ethoxy]-ethoxy}-acetamide,
Gd Complex
[0496] 7 g (9.28 mmol) of the title compound of Example 19c, 1.07 g
(9.28 mmol) of N-hydroxysuccinimide, 787 mg (18.56 mmol) of lithium
chloride and 5.84 g (9.28 mmol) of
1,4,7-tris-(carboxylatomethyl)-10-[1-carboxy-3-aza-4-oxo-5-methylpentan-5-
-yl]-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane, Gd complex (WO 98/24775,
Schering AG, (Example 1)) are dissolved in 100 ml of dimethyl
sulfoxide while being heated slightly. At 10.degree. C., 2.39 g
(11.6 mmol) of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide is added, and it is stirred
for 16 hours at room temperature. The solution is poured into 2000
ml of acetone and stirred for 10 more minutes. The precipitated
solid is filtered off and then purified by chromatography (RP-18;
mobile solvent: gradient that consists of water/acetonitrile).
[0497] Yield: 8.8 g (65% of theory) of a colorless solid
[0498] Water content (Karl-Fischer): 6.5%
[0499] Elementary Analysis (relative to the anhydrous
substance):
TABLE-US-00071 Cld.: C 36.92 H 4.35 N 7.18 F 23.64 Gd 11.51 Fnd.: C
37.04 H 4.39 N 7.15 F 23.57 Gd 11.47
Example 20
a)
1-N-(tert-Butyloxycarbonyl)-1H,1H,2H,3H,4H,4H,6H,6H,7H,7H-5-aza-[2,3-(2-
,2-dimethyl-[1,3]-dioxolanyl)]-perfluoropentadecylamine
[0500] 7.81 g (30 mmol) of
N-tert-butyloxycarbonyl-[2,3-(2,2-dimethyl-[1,3]-dioxolanyl)]-butylenedia-
mine [produced from
(5-aminoethyl-2,2-dimethyl-[1,3]-dioxolan-4-yl)-methylamine (ACROS)
analogously to the production of
N-tert-butyloxycarbonyl-3-oxa-pentylenediamine (Koenig et al., Eur.
J. Org. Chem., 2002, 3004-3014)] and 2.55 g (25 mmol) of
triethylamine are added to 13.56 g (25 mmol) of methanesulfonic
acid-(1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyl)-ester (Bartsch et al.,
Tetrahedron, 2000, 3291-3302) in 150 ml of acetonitrile, and it is
stirred for 48 hours at 60.degree. C. Insoluble components are
filtered out from the reaction solution, it is evaporated to the
dry state in a vacuum, and the residue is chromatographed on silica
gel (mobile solvent: dichloromethane/methanol 20:1).
[0501] Yield: 12.5 g (71% of theory) of a colorless wax
[0502] Elementary Analysis:
TABLE-US-00072 Cld.: C 37.40 H 3.85 N 3.97 F 45.72 Fnd.: C 37.66 H
3.94 N 3.88 F 45.61
b)
N-{4-(tert-Butyloxycarbonyl)-amino-[2,3-(2,2-dimethyl-[1,3]-dioxolanyl)-
]-butyl}-N-(1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyl)-2-{-2-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)-ethoxy]-
-ethoxy}-acetamide
[0503] 3.65 g (17.7 mmol) of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide is added at
0.degree. C. to a solution of 10 g (14.16 mmol) of the title
compound of Example 20a and 3.15 g (14.16 mmol) of
{2-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)-ethoxy]-ethoxy}-acetic acid (Voegtle et
al., Liebigs Ann. Chem., 1980, 858-862) and 1.63 g (14.16 mmol) of
N-hydroxysuccinimide in 200 ml of dimethylformamide, it is stirred
for 3 hours at 0.degree. C. and then for 16 hours at room
temperature. Precipitated urea is filtered out, the filtrate is
evaporated to the dry state in a vacuum, and the residue is
chromatographed on silica gel (mobile solvent:
dichloromethane/methanol 20:1).
[0504] Yield: 8.9 g (69% of theory) of a colorless, viscous
oil.
[0505] Elementary Analysis:
TABLE-US-00073 Cld.: C 40.89 H 4.76 N 3.08 F 35.47 Fnd.: C 40.97 H
4.85 N 3.00 F 35.37
c)
N-(4-Amino-2,3-dihydroxybutyl)-N-(1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyl)-2-{-2-[2--
(2-methoxyethoxy)-ethoxy]-ethoxy}-acetamide
[0506] 50 ml of trifluoroacetic acid is added at 0.degree. C. to a
solution of 8.2 g (9.00 mmol) of the title compound of Example 20b
in 100 ml of dichloromethane, and for 3 hours at room temperature.
It is evaporated to the dry state in a vacuum, and the residue is
chromatographed on silica gel (mobile solvent:
dichloromethane/methanol 10:1 to 2:1).
[0507] Yield: 6.68 g (96% of theory) of a colorless solid.
[0508] Elementary Analysis:
TABLE-US-00074 Cld.: C 35.85 H 4.06 N 3.64 F 41.92 Fnd.: C 36.05 H
4.11 N 3.60 F 41.77
d)
N-{[1,4,7-Tris-(carboxylatomethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-10-N--
(pentanoyl-3-aza-4-oxo-5-methyl-5-yl)]-(4-amino-2,3-dihydroxybutyl)-N-(1H,-
1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyl)-2-{-2-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)-ethoxy]-ethoxy}-acetam-
ide, Gd Complex
[0509] 6 g (7.79 mmol) of the title compound of Example 20c, 897 mg
(7.79 mmol) of N-hydroxysuccinimide, 660 mg (15.58 mmol) of lithium
chloride and 4.90 g (7.79 mmol) of
1,4,7-tris-(carboxylatomethyl)-10-[1-carboxy-3-aza-4-oxo-5-methylpentan-5-
-yl]-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane, Gd complex (WO 98/24775,
Schering AG, (Example 1)) are dissolved in 100 ml of dimethyl
sulfoxide while being heated slightly. At 10.degree. C., 2.01 g
(9.74 mmol) of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide is added and it is stirred
for 16 hours at room temperature. The solution is poured into 2000
ml of acetone and stirred for 10 more minutes. The precipitated
solid is filtered off and then purified by chromatography (RP-18;
mobile solvent: gradient that consists of water/acetonitrile).
[0510] Yield: 6.9 g (59% of theory) of a colorless solid
[0511] Water content (Karl-Fischer): 7.7%
[0512] Elementary Analysis (relative to the anhydrous
substance):
TABLE-US-00075 Cld.: C 36.50 H 4.30 N 7.09 F 23.37 Gd 11.38 Fnd.: C
36.71 H 4.35 N 7.02 F 23.41 Gd 11.29
Example 21
a)
N-{[1,4,7-Tris-(carboxylatomethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-10-N--
(butanoyl-4-(R)-carboxylato-4-yl)]-2-aminoethyl}-N-(1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorod-
ecyl)-2-{-2-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)-ethoxy]-ethoxy}-acetamide, Gd
complex monosodium salt and
N-({1,4,7-tris-(carboxylatomethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-10-N-(e-
thano-[2-(R)-carboxylatoethyl]-yl)}-2-aminoethyl}-N-(1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluoro-
decyl)-2-{-2-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)-ethoxy]-ethoxy}-acetamide, Gd
Complex Monosodium Salt
[0513] 2.84 g (3.52 mmol) of the title compound of Example 14b, 448
mg (4.4 mmol) of triethylamine and 3.51 g (4.4 mmol) of
2-(R)-2-[4,7,10-tris-(carboxylatomethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecan-1--
yl]pentanedicarboxylic acid monopentafluorophenyl ester, Gd complex
(WO 2005/0014154, EPIX PHARMACEUTICALS, INC., (Example 9:
EP-2104-15-Pfp)) are dissolved in 50 ml of dimethyl sulfoxide,
mixed with 356 mg (3.52 mmol) of triethylamine, and stirred for 16
hours at room temperature. The solution is poured into 1000 ml of
acetone and stirred for another 10 minutes. The precipitated solid
is filtered off and then purified by chromatography (RP-18; mobile
solvent: gradient that consists of water/acetonitrile). The
fractions that contain the product are concentrated by evaporation,
dissolved in water, neutralized with 0.1N sodium hydroxide solution
and then freeze-dried.
[0514] Yield: 2.03 g (39% of theory) of a colorless solid as a 3:2
regioisomeric mixture.
[0515] Water content (Karl-Fischer): 9.2%
[0516] Elementary Analysis (relative to the anhydrous
substance):
TABLE-US-00076 Cld.: C 35.72 H 3.97 N 6.25 F 24.01 Gd 11.69 Fnd.: C
36.01 H 4.06 N 6.29 F 23.89 Gd 11.46
Example 22
a)
N-{[1,4,7-Tris-(carboxylatomethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-10-N--
(butanoyl-4-(R)-carboxylato-4-yl)]-2-aminoethyl}-N-(1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorod-
ecyl)-2-(1-O-.alpha.-d-mannopyranosyl)-acetamide, Gd Complex
Monosodium Salt and
N-({1,4,7-Tris-(carboxylatomethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecan-
e-10-N-(ethano-[2-(R)-carboxylatoethyl]-yl)}-2-aminoethyl)-N-(1H,1H,2H,2H--
perfluorodecyl)-2-(1-O-.alpha.-d-mannopyranosyl)-acetamide, Gd
Complex Monosodium Salt
[0517] 2.83 g (3.44 mmol) of the title compound of Example 1c, 436
mg (4.3 mmol) of triethylamine and 3.43 g (4.3 mmol) of
2-(R)-2-[4,7,10-tris-(carboxylatomethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecan-1--
yl]pentane dicarboxylic acid monopentafluorophenyl ester, Gd
complex (WO 2005/0014154, EPIX PHARMACEUTICALS, INC., (Example 9:
EP-2104-15 Pfp)) are dissolved in 50 ml of dimethyl sulfoxide,
mixed with 348 mg (3.44 mmol) of triethylamine, and stirred for 16
hours at room temperature. The solution is poured into 1000 ml of
acetone and stirred for 10 more minutes. The precipitated solid is
filtered off and then purified by chromatography (RP-18; mobile
solvent: gradient that consists of water/acetonitrile). The
fractions containing the product are concentrated by evaporation,
dissolved in water, neutralized with 0.1N sodium hydroxide solution
and then freeze-dried.
[0518] Yield: 1.64 g (32% of theory) of a colorless solid as a 3:2
regioisomeric mixture.
[0519] Water content (Karl-Fischer): 8.8%
[0520] Elementary Analysis (relative to the anhydrous
substance):
TABLE-US-00077 Cld.: C 34.42 H 3.63 N 6.17 F 23.73 Gd 11.55 Fnd.: C
34.66 H 3.60 N 6.09 F 23.78 Gd 11.39
Example 23
a)
N-{[1,4,7-Tris-(carboxylatomethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-10-N--
(pentanoyl-3-aza-4-oxo-5-methyl-5-yl)]-2-aminoethyl}-N-(1H,1H,2H,2H-perflu-
orodecyl)-2-{-2-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)-ethoxy]-ethoxy}-acetamide,
Trisodium Salt
[0521] 10 g (7.13 mmol) of the title compound of Example 14c is
dissolved in a mixture that consists of 100 ml of water and 30 ml
of isopropanol, mixed with 2.25 g (24.96 mmol) of oxalic acid and
heated for 5 hours to 100.degree. C. After cooling to room
temperature, precipitated solid is and then purified by
chromatography (RP-18; mobile solvent: gradient that consists of
water/acetonitrile). The fractions that contain the product are
concentrated by evaporation, dissolved in water, set at a pH of 10
with 0.1N sodium hydroxide solution and then freeze-dried.
[0522] Yield: 7.39 g (77% of theory) of a colorless solid
[0523] Water content (Karl-Fischer): 8.2%
[0524] Elementary Analysis (relative to the anhydrous
substance):
TABLE-US-00078 Cld.: C 38.94 H 4.49 N 7.95 F 26.18 Fnd.: C 39.03 H
4.44 N 7.98 F 25.89
b)
N-{[1,4,7-Tris-(carboxylatomethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-10-N--
(pentanoyl-3-aza-4-oxo-5-methyl-5-yl)]-2-aminoethyl}-N-(1H,1H,2H,2H-perflu-
orodecyl)-2-{-2-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)-ethoxy]-ethoxy}-acetamide, Dy
Complex
[0525] 2.0 g (1.49 mmol) of the title compound of Example 23a is
dissolved in 50 ml of water and 1 ml of acetic acid, mixed with 441
mg (1.64 mmol) of dysprosium chloride and stirred for 6 hours at
80.degree. C. It is neutralized with ammonia, evaporated to the dry
state and then purified by chromatography (RP-18; mobile solvent:
gradient that consists of water/acetonitrile).
[0526] Yield: 1.78 g (84% of theory) of a colorless solid
[0527] Water content (Karl-Fischer): 6.2%
[0528] Elementary Analysis (relative to the anhydrous
substance):
TABLE-US-00079 Cld.: C 36.19 H 4.18 N 7.39 F 24.33 Dy 12.24 Fnd.: C
36.32 H 4.24 N 7.30 F 24.19 Dy 12.16
Example 24
a)
N-{[1,4,7-Tris-(carboxylatomethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-10-N--
(pentanoyl-3-aza-4-oxo-5-methyl-5-yl)]-2-aminoethyl}-N-(1H,1H,2H,2H-perflu-
orodecyl)-2-{-2-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)-ethoxy]-ethoxy}-acetamide, Yb
Complex
[0529] 2.0 g (1.49 mmol) of the title compound of Example 23a is
dissolved in 50 ml of water and 1 ml of acetic acid, mixed with 458
mg (1.64 mmol) of ytterbium chloride and stirred for 6 hours at
80.degree. C. It is neutralized with ammonia, evaporated to the dry
state and then purified by chromatography (RP-18; mobile solvent:
gradient that consists of water/acetonitrile).
[0530] Yield: 1.84 g (86% of theory) of a colorless solid
[0531] Water content (Karl-Fischer): 6.9%
[0532] Elementary Analysis (relative to the anhydrous
substance):
TABLE-US-00080 Cld.: C 35.91 H 4.14 N 7.33 F 24.14 Yb 12.93 Fnd.: C
36.05 H 4.19 N 7.31 F 24.00 Yb 12.79
Example 25
a)
N-{[1,4,7-Tris-(carboxylatomethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-10-N--
(pentanoyl-3-aza-4-oxo-5-methyl-5-yl)]-2-aminoethyl}-N-(1H,1H,2H,2H-perflu-
orodecyl)-2-{-2-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)-ethoxy]-ethoxy}-acetamide,
Y-Complex
[0533] 2.0 g (1.49 mmol) of the title compound of Example 23a is
dissolved in 50 ml of water and 1 ml of acetic acid, mixed with 320
mg (1.64 mmol) of yttrium chloride and stirred for 6 hours at
80.degree. C. It is neutralized with ammonia, evaporated to the dry
state and then purified by chromatography (RP-18; mobile solvent:
gradient that consists of water/acetonitrile).
[0534] Yield: 1.56 g (79% of theory) of a colorless solid
[0535] Water content (Karl-Fischer): 5.5%
[0536] Elementary Analysis (relative to the anhydrous
substance):
TABLE-US-00081 Cld.: C 38.32 H 4.42 N 7.82 F 25.76 Y 7.09 Fnd.: C
38.56 H 4.51 N 7.88 F 25.65 Y 6.98
Example 26
a)
10-(5-Oxo-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl)-1,4,7-tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,1-
0-tetraazacyclododecane
[0537] 8.3 g (207.6 mmol) of sodium hydroxide is added to 12.0 g
(34.6 mmol) of
1,4,7-tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane (D03A) in
50 ml of water. A solution that consists of 5.02 g (43.25 mmol) of
3-oxiranylpropionic acid (Dakoji et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1996,
10971-10979) in 50 ml of n-butanol/50 ml of 2-propanol is added in
drops thereto, and the solution is heated for 24 hours to
80.degree. C. The reaction solution is evaporated to the dry state
in a vacuum, the residue is mixed with 300 ml of water, and a pH of
3 is set with 3N hydrochloric acid. Then, it is extracted three
times with 200 ml each of n-butanol, the combined butanol phases
are evaporated to the dry state in a vacuum, and the residue is
purified by chromatography (RP-18; mobile solvent: gradient that
consists of water/acetonitrile).
[0538] Yield: 13.6 g (79% of theory) of a colorless solid
[0539] Water content (Karl-Fischer): 10.4%
[0540] Elementary Analysis (relative to the anhydrous
substance):
TABLE-US-00082 Cld.: C 51.34 H 7.26 N 12.60 Fnd.: C 51.63 H 7.05 N
12.44
b)
10-(5-Oxo-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl)-1,4,7-tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,1-
0-tetraazacyclododecane, Gd Complex
[0541] 12.0 g (24.2 mmol) of the title compound of Example 26a is
dissolved in 100 ml of water and 1 ml of acetic acid, mixed with
4.39 g (12.1 mmol) of gadolinium oxide and stirred for 6 hours at
80.degree. C. The solution is filtered, evaporated to the dry
state, and then purified by chromatography (RP-18; mobile solvent:
gradient that consists of water/acetonitrile).
[0542] Yield: 13.8 g (89% of theory) of a colorless solid
[0543] Water content (Karl-Fischer): 6.5%
[0544] Elementary Analysis (relative to the anhydrous
substance):
TABLE-US-00083 Cld.: C 38.12 H 4.88 N 9.36 Gd 26.26 Fnd.: C 38.26 H
4.89 N 9.21 Gd 26.09
c)
N-{[1,4,7-Tris-(carboxylatomethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-10-N--
(pentanoyl-4-hydroxy-5-yl)]-2-aminoethyl}-N-(1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyl)-2-
-{-2-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)-ethoxy]-ethoxy}-acetamide, Gd Complex
[0545] 2.84 g (3.52 mmol) of the title compound of Example 14b and
3.38 g (5.28 mmol) of the title compound of Example 26b are
dissolved in 50 ml of methanol, mixed with 356 mg (3.52 mmol) of
triethylamine, and stirred for 48 hours at a temperature of
50.degree. C. It is evaporated to the dry state and then purified
by chromatography (RP-18; mobile solvent: gradient that consists of
water/acetonitrile).
[0546] Yield: 3.27 g (66% of theory) of a colorless solid
[0547] Water content (Karl-Fischer): 6.9%
[0548] Elementary Analysis (relative to the anhydrous
substance):
TABLE-US-00084 Cld.: C 36.70 H 4.31 N 6.42 F 24.67 Gd 12.01 Fnd.: C
36.77 H 4.38 N 6.33 F 24.59 Gd 11.96
Example 27
a)
1H,1H,2H,2H,4H,4H,5H,5H-3-N-[1,4,7-Tris-(carboxylatomethyl)-1,4,7,10-te-
traazacyclododecane-10-N-(pentanoyl-3-aza-4-oxo-5-methyl-5-yl)]-perfluorot-
ridecyl-N-{-2-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)-ethoxy]-ethoxy}-acetamide, Gd
Complex
[0549] 2.58 g (12.5 mmol) of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, as well as
1.01 g (10 mmol) of triethylamine are added to a solution of 12.14
g (10 mmol) of the title compound of Example 2b and 2.22 g (10
mmol) of {2-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)-ethoxy]-ethoxy}-acetic acid
(Voegtle et al., Liebigs Ann. Chem., 1980, 858-862) and 1.15 g (10
mmol) of N-hydroxysuccinimide in 100 ml of dimethylformamide at
0.degree. C., it is stirred for 3 hours at 0.degree. C. and then
for 16 hours at room temperature. Precipitated urea is filtered
out, and the filtrate is evaporated to the dry state in a vacuum.
The residue is taken up in a little water, insoluble components are
filtered out, and the filtrate is then purified by chromatography
(RP-18; mobile solvent: gradient that consists of
water/acetonitrile).
[0550] Yield 8.2 g (58% of theory) of a colorless solid
[0551] Water content (Karl-Fischer): 6.2%
[0552] Elementary analysis (relative to the anhydrous
substance):
TABLE-US-00085 Cld.: C 36.34 H 4.19 N 7.42 F 24.43 Gd 11.89 Fnd.: C
36.55 H 4.27 N 7.33 F 24.21 Gd 11.70
Example 28
a)
1H,1H,2H,2H,4H,4H,5H,5H-3-N-[1,4,7-Tris-(carboxylatomethyl)-1,4,7,10-te-
traazacyclododecane-10-N-(pentanoyl-3-aza-4-oxo-5-methyl-5-yl)]-perfluorot-
ridecyl-N-{-2-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)-ethoxy]-ethoxy}-acetamide,
Trisodium Salt
[0553] 10 g (7.11 mmol) of the title compound of Example 27a is
dissolved in a mixture that consists of 100 ml of water and 30 ml
of isopropanol, mixed with 2.25 g (24.96 mmol) of oxalic acid and
heated for 5 hours to 100.degree. C. After cooling to room
temperature, precipitated solid is filtered out and then purified
by chromatography (RP-18; mobile solvent: gradient that consists of
water/acetonitrile). The fractions that contain the product are
concentrated by evaporation, dissolved in water, set at a pH of 8
with 0.1 N sodium hydroxide solution and then freeze-dried.
[0554] Yield 8.64 g (91% of theory) of a colorless solid
[0555] Water content (Karl-Fischer): 7.5%
[0556] Elementary analysis (relative to the anhydrous
substance):
TABLE-US-00086 Cld.: C 38.94 H 4.49 N 7.95 F 26.18 Fnd.: C 38.88 H
4.40 N 7.65 F 25.77
b)
1H,1H,2H,2H,4H,4H,5H,5H-3-N-[1,4,7-Tris-(carboxylatomethyl)-1,4,7,10-te-
traazacyclododecane-10-N-(pentanoyl-3-aza-4-oxo-5-methyl-5-yl)]-perfluorot-
ridecyl-N-{-2-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)-ethoxy]-ethoxy}-acetamide, Y
Complex
[0557] 2.0 g (1.50 mmol) of the title compound of Example 28a is
dissolved in 50 ml of water and 1 ml of acetic acid, mixed with 320
mg (1.64 mmol) of yttrium chloride and stirred for 6 hours at
80.degree. C. It is neutralized with ammonia, evaporated to the dry
state and then purified by chromatography (RP-18; mobile solvent:
gradient that consists of water/acetonitrile).
[0558] Yield 1.43 g (72% of theory) of a colorless solid
[0559] Water content (Karl-Fischer): 5.0%
[0560] Elementary analysis (relative to the anhydrous
substance):
TABLE-US-00087 Cld.: C 38.32 H 4.42 N 7.82 F 25.76 Y 7.09 Fnd.: C
38.48 H 4.55 N 7.75 F 25.66 Y 6.96
Example 29
Relaxivity
[0561] The T1 and T2 relaxation times of water and plasma (bovine)
with increasing concentrations of the gadolinium complexes of the
title substances of Examples 1d, 5c, 14c, 15c contained therein
were determined at 40.degree. C. with use of an NMR pulse
spectrometer (Minispec PC 20) at 0.47 T. The results are set forth
in Table 1.
Example 30
Acute Toxicity after One-Time Intravenous Administration in Mice
(Preliminary)
[0562] After intravenous administration of the gadolinium complexes
of the title substances of Examples 1d, 5c, 14c, 15c in mice (n=3;
rate of injection: 2 ml/min), the acute systemic compatibility
(LD.sub.50) was determined preliminarily. In each case, several
dosages with an observation period of 7 days were examined. The
acute toxicities that are to be expected can be seen in Table
1.
Example 31
Excretion after Intravenous Administration in Rats
[0563] After intravenous administration of 50 .mu.mol of total
gadolinium/kg of body weight of the gadolinium complexes of the
title substances of Examples 1d, 5c, 14c, 15c in rats (n=3), the
metal content was determined in fractions up to 14 days after
administration by means of atom emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) in
the excretion media of urine and feces, as well as in the body (the
rest of the body). The results are presented in Table 1.
Example 32
Plasma Kinetics after Intravenous Administration in Rats
[0564] After intravenous administration of 50 .mu.mol of total
gadolinium/kg of body weight of the gadolinium complexes of the
title substances of Examples 1d, 5c, 14c, 15c in rats (n=3), blood
samples were taken via a catheter in the common carotid artery at
different points in time (8 hours to 24 hours p.i.), the metal
content was determined by means of atom emission spectrometry
(ICP-AES) and converted to plasma values via a conversion factor
(0.625). The elimination half-life was calculated by means of
special software (WinNonlin) from the plasma concentrations. The
results are presented in Table 1.
Example 33
Visualization (MRT) of Lymph Node Metastases and Primary Tumors
after Intravenous Administration of the Contrast Medium in
VX2-Tumor-Carrying Rabbits
[0565] The pictures of FIGS. 1 and 2 show MR images of iliac lymph
nodes precontrast as well as up to 24 hours after intravenous
administration of 50 .mu.mol of Gd/kg of body weight of the title
substance of Example 1d) in rabbits with i.m. implanted VX2 tumors.
The T.sub.1-weighted turbo-spin-echo images illustrate the strong
signal rise in healthy lymph node tissue at early points in time
after contrast medium administration (15 to 60 minutes p.i.). Zones
where there was no signal rise within the lymph node were diagnosed
as metastases and confirmed histologically (H/E staining of the
lymph node sections) (FIG. 1).
[0566] Surprisingly enough, as early as immediately after
administration, a clear enhancement in the primary tumor
(especially in the periphery) could also be observed (FIG. 2). At
later times (24 hours p.i.), this enhancement also propagates
toward the center of the tumor.
Example 34
MRT Visualization of Arteriosclerotic Plaque after Intravenous
Administration of the Contrast Medium in Rats
[0567] The pictures of FIG. 3 show MR images of the aorta 6 or 24
hours after intravenous administration of 50 .mu.mol of Gd/kg of
body weight of the title substances from Example 1d) and Example
14c in Watanabe rabbits (WHHL rabbits; genetically-induced
arteriosclerosis) and in control animals without arteriosclerosis
(white New Zealanders). The T.sub.1-weighted
Inversion-Recovery-Images (IR-TFL, TR/TE/TI=300/4.0/120 ms, .alpha.
20.degree.) illustrate a strong signal rise in the arteriosclerotic
plaque of WHHL rabbits, but not in the baseline images or in the
vascular wall of the healthy control animals. The localization of
the plaque, especially in the aortic arch as well as in the
vascular passages, was confirmed by means of Sudan-3 staining. With
this test, the suitability of the compounds according to the
invention as markers for arteriosclerotic plaque could be
shown.
Example 35
MRT Visualization of Inflammatory Lesions and Necrotic Areas after
Intravenous Administration of the Contrast Medium in Rats
[0568] By way of example, the pictures of FIG. 4 show MR images of
inflammatory muscle lesions as well as necrotic areas at different
points in time after intravenous administration of 50 .mu.mol of
Gd/kg of body weight of the title substance of Example 14c in rats.
The inflammation/necrosis was induced by intravenous administration
of Rose Bengal (20 mg/kg; 24 hours before the administration of
contrast medium) and subsequent 20-minute irradiation with a xenon
lamp. The T.sub.1-weighted turbo-spin-echo images (1.5 T; sequence:
T1-TSE; TR 451 ms, TE 8.7 ms) illustrate the strong signal rise in
the inflammatorily altered tissue early on (up to 60 minutes p.i.)
as well as the delayed signal rise in the central necrosis at time
24 hours p.i.
Example 36
MRT Visualization of Lymph Nodes after Intravenous Administration
of the Contrast Medium in Rats
[0569] By way of example, the pictures show MR images of popliteal
lymph nodes at different points in time after intravenous
administration of 50 .mu.mol of Gd/kg of body weight of the title
substance from Example 5c), title substance from Example 14c) and
title substance from Example 15c) in rats. The T.sub.1-weighted
turbo-spin-echo images (1.5 T; sequence: T1-TSE; TR 451 ms, TE 8.7
ms) illustrate the strong signal rise in the functional lymph node
tissue at early points in time (up to 60 minutes p.i.).
TABLE-US-00088 TABLE 1 Physicochemical and Experimental Data
Regarding the Example Substances. Gd Com- Body Elimi- Content pound
Re- nation of from tention Half- Blood 24 LD.sub.50 Example
Relaxivity 14 days Life of Hours p.i. Mouse No. [l/(mmol * s)] [%]
Blood [%] [mmol/kg] 1 R1(w): 22.7 0.0% 4.8 hours 0.7% >10 R1(p):
25.8 R2(w): 15.8 R2(p): 29.8 5 R1(w): 18.9 0.0% 0.8 hour 0.0%
R1(p): 24.8 R2(w): 23.9 R2(p): 32.8 14 R1(w): 18.6 0.0% 1.1 hours
0.0% 7.5 R1(p): 25.5 R2(w): 21.6 R2(p): 33.5 15 R1(w): 17.2 0.0%
4.8 hours 0.2% >10 R1(p): 24.6 R2(w): 15.1 R2(p): 33.2 R1(w) =
R1-relaxivity in water; R1(p) = R1(w) = R1-relaxivity in plasma;
R2(w) = R2-relaxivity in water; R2(p) = R1(w) = R2-relaxivity in
plasma
[0570] Without further elaboration, it is believed that one skilled
in the art can, using the preceding description, utilize the
present invention to its fullest extent. The preceding preferred
specific embodiments are, therefore, to be construed as merely
illustrative, and not limitative of the remainder of the disclosure
in any way whatsoever.
[0571] In the foregoing and in the examples, all temperatures are
set forth uncorrected in degrees Celsius and, all parts and
percentages are by weight, unless otherwise indicated.
[0572] The entire disclosures of all applications, patents and
publications, cited herein and of corresponding German application
No. 102005033902.6, filed Jul. 15, 2005, and U.S. Provisional
Application Ser. No. 60/701,032, filed Jul. 21, 2005, are
incorporated by reference herein.
[0573] The preceding examples can be repeated with similar success
by substituting the generically or specifically described reactants
and/or operating conditions of this invention for those used in the
preceding examples.
[0574] From the foregoing description, one skilled in the art can
easily ascertain the essential characteristics of this invention
and, without departing from the spirit and scope thereof, can make
various changes and modifications of the invention to adapt it to
various usages and conditions.
* * * * *