U.S. patent application number 12/475810 was filed with the patent office on 2009-12-03 for adjustable traction system and method for footwear.
This patent application is currently assigned to Softspikes, LLC. Invention is credited to Rand J. Krikorian.
Application Number | 20090293317 12/475810 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 41377979 |
Filed Date | 2009-12-03 |
United States Patent
Application |
20090293317 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Krikorian; Rand J. |
December 3, 2009 |
Adjustable Traction System and Method for Footwear
Abstract
Tractional characteristics of athletic shoe cleats are
adjustable by selectively blocking and unblocking the amount of
flexure of dynamic traction elements on the cleat. Blocking is
achieved as a function of rotational starting locations during
cleat attachment to an outsole receptacle by placing material or
recesses in the outsole at different final rotational positions of
the tractional elements. Alternatively, adjustability is obtained
by attaching and angularly positioning a separate member, such as a
ring, on the cleat with segments of the member positioned or not to
block traction element flexure.
Inventors: |
Krikorian; Rand J.;
(Brentwood, TN) |
Correspondence
Address: |
EDELL, SHAPIRO & FINNAN, LLC
1901 RESEARCH BOULEVARD, SUITE 400
ROCKVILLE
MD
20850
US
|
Assignee: |
Softspikes, LLC
Brentwood
TN
|
Family ID: |
41377979 |
Appl. No.: |
12/475810 |
Filed: |
June 1, 2009 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
61057311 |
May 30, 2008 |
|
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|
Current U.S.
Class: |
36/127 ; 36/134;
36/61; 36/67A |
Current CPC
Class: |
A43C 15/162 20130101;
A43C 15/161 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
36/127 ; 36/134;
36/67.A; 36/61 |
International
Class: |
A43B 5/00 20060101
A43B005/00; A43C 15/00 20060101 A43C015/00 |
Claims
1. An adjustable traction-producing combination comprising: a cleat
for attachment at the exposed bottom surface of an outsole of an
athletic shoe, said cleat including at least one dynamic traction
element adapted for flexure upwardly toward the outsole under the
weight of the wearer of the shoe; a traction adjustment member
provided to permit selective relative movement between said cleat
and said member for restricting said flexure when angularly aligned
with said traction element.
2. The combination of claim 1 wherein said cleat includes a cleat
connector adapted to rotationally engage a shoe connector in the
shoe outsole about a longitudinal axis, and wherein said traction
adjustment member is a raised segment on the shoe outsole.
3. The combination of claim 2 wherein said outsole has a recess
segment defined in said bottom surface for receiving said traction
element when angularly aligned therewith to permit maximization of
said flexure.
4. The combination of claim 3 wherein said outsole has a plane
segment that is neither raised nor recessed for abutting the
traction element when angularly aligned therewith to permit an
intermediate amount of said flexure.
5. The combination of claim 2 wherein said outsole has a plane
segment that for abutting the traction element when angularly
aligned therewith to permit said flexure.
6. The combination of claim 1 wherein said traction adjustment
member is a member selectively attachable to said cleat to engage
said traction element and restrict said flexure.
7. The combination of claim 1 wherein said cleat further comprises:
a plurality of said dynamic traction elements angularly spaced
about said cleat and adapted for flexure upwardly toward the
outsole under the weight of the wearer of the shoe; and a plurality
of said traction adjustment members angularly spaced and movable
relative to said cleat for restricting said flexure for a
respective traction element when angularly aligned therewith.
8. The combination of claim 7 wherein said cleat includes a cleat
connector adapted to rotationally engage a shoe connector in the
shoe outsole about a longitudinal axis, and wherein said traction
adjustment members are angularly spaced raised segments on the shoe
outsole.
9. The combination according to claim 8 wherein said cleat
connector includes plural alternative angular starting locations
for rotationally engaging the shoe connector, each starting
location determining a respective final rotational position for
said cleat relative to said outsole, and wherein for at least one
final rotational position at least one of said traction elements is
angularly aligned with at least one of said raised segments, and
wherein for at least a second final rotational position said at
least one of said traction elements is angularly aligned with a
space between two of said raised segments.
10. The combination of claim 8 wherein said outsole has a plurality
of angularly spaced recess segments defined in said bottom surface
for receiving respective traction elements when angularly aligned
therewith to permit maximization of said flexure.
11. The combination of claim 10 wherein said outsole has a
plurality of plane segments that are neither raised nor recessed
for abutting respective traction elements when angularly aligned
therewith to permit an intermediate amount of said flexure.
12. The combination according to claim 11 wherein said cleat
connector includes at least first, second and third alternative
angular starting locations for rotationally engaging the shoe
connector for determining a respective first, second and third
respective final rotational positions for said cleat relative to
said outsole, and wherein in said first final rotational position
at least one of said traction elements is angularly aligned with a
first of said raised segments, in said second final rotational
position said least one of said traction elements is angularly
aligned with a first of said recessed segments, and in said third
final rotational position said at least one of said traction
elements is angularly aligned with a first of said plane
segments.
13. The combination of claim 7 wherein said traction adjustment
members are members selectively attachable to said cleat to engage
respective traction elements and restrict said flexure.
14. The combination of claim 13 wherein said cleat includes a cleat
connector adapted to rotationally engage a shoe connector in the
shoe outsole about a rotation axis, wherein said traction
adjustment members are provided in angularly spaced relation on a
ring adapted to be mounted concentrically about said axis.
15. The combination of claim 14 wherein said ring is rotatable
about said axis to selectively alternatively position said traction
adjustment members in angular alignment with either said traction
elements or spaces between said traction elements.
16. A method of providing adjustable traction with a cleat adapted
for attachment at the exposed bottom surface of an outsole of an
athletic shoe, said cleat including at least one dynamic traction
element adapted for flexure upwardly toward the outsole under the
weight of the wearer of the shoe, said method comprising:
selectively aligning said traction element with a traction
adjustment member to permit said traction adjustment member to
impede said flexure.
17. The method of claim 16 wherein said cleat is attached to said
outsole by means of a stem connector rotatable about a rotation
axis, wherein said traction adjustment member is a raised structure
on said outsole, and wherein said step of aligning comprises
rotating said cleat about said axis until said traction element and
said traction adjustment member are angularly aligned.
18. The method of claim 16 wherein said traction adjustment member
is part of a structure separable from said cleat and said outsole
and selectively attachable to said cleat, and wherein said step of
aligning includes positioning said traction element and said
traction adjustment member in angular alignment.
19. The method of claim 18 wherein said cleat includes a plurality
of said dynamic traction elements angularly spaced about said cleat
and adapted for flexure upwardly toward the outsole under the
weight of the wearer of the shoe, wherein said structure includes
plural spaced traction adjustment members, and wherein said step of
aligning comprises: selectively securing said structure to said
cleat such that said traction adjustment members are in contact
with respective traction elements to impede said flexure.
20. The method of claim 19 wherein said cleat is attached to said
outsole by means of a stem connector rotatable about a longitudinal
axis, wherein said structure is a ring adapted to be mounted
concentrically about said cleat connector, wherein said plurality
of traction adjustment members are provided in angularly spaced
relation about said axis on said ring, and wherein said step of
aligning includes angularly positioning said ring about said axis
such that each traction adjustment member is in angular alignment
with a respective traction element.
21. An athletic shoe comprising: a shoe having an outsole with an
exposed bottom surface in which at least one shoe connector
mounted; a cleat having a cleat connector adapted for attachment to
the shoe connector, said cleat including at least one dynamic
traction element adapted for flexure upwardly toward the outsole
under the weight of the wearer of the shoe; a traction adjustment
member capable of selective movement relative to said cleat for
restricting said flexure when angularly aligned with said traction
element.
22. The athletic shoe of claim 21 wherein said traction adjustment
member is a raised segment on the shoe outsole.
23. The athletic shoe of claim 21 wherein said cleat further
comprises: a plurality of said dynamic traction elements angularly
spaced about said axis adapted for flexure upwardly toward the
outsole under the weight of the wearer of the shoe; a plurality of
said traction adjustment members angularly spaced about said axis
and movable relative to said cleat for restricting said flexure for
a respective traction element when angularly aligned therewith;
wherein said traction adjustment members are members selectively
attachable to said cleat to engage respective traction elements and
restrict said flexure and are provided in angularly spaced relation
on a ring adapted to be mounted concentrically about said cleat
connector.
Description
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application claims priority under 35 U.S.C.
.sctn.119(e) from U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No.
61/057,311, filed May 30, 2008, and entitled "Adjustable Traction
Cleat For Footwear," the entire contents of which are hereby
incorporated by reference.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] 1. Technical Field
[0003] The present invention pertains generally to methods and
apparatus for enhancing traction for footwear and, more
particularly, to improvements in footwear and cleats to permit the
resulting traction to be selectively adjusted for different
conditions and preferences. Although described primarily in
connection with golf shoes, it will be understood that the present
invention has applicability for any shoe in which a traction cleat
is utilized.
[0004] 2. Discussion of the Prior Art
[0005] Historically, traction for golf shoes was provided by
pointed or downwardly conically converging metal spikes that
penetrate turf. The metal spikes were initially permanently
attached to the golf shoe outsole, experienced limited wear and
lasted for many years. Ultimately, metal spikes became replaceable
products and were provided with threaded stems that could engage
and be disengaged from a correspondingly threaded receptacle
mounted in a shoe outsole.
[0006] Metal spikes, upon penetration of turf, tend to damage grass
roots, a problem that is particularly harmful to golf course
greens. In an effort to improve the condition of golf greens,
replaceable plastic cleats with a variety of traction elements
(e.g., in the form of generally downwardly projecting teeth, legs,
ribs, etc.) were developed and marketed. There are currently two
primary types of plastic cleats being commercially utilized. One
type has relatively long flexible legs (i.e., dynamic traction
elements) that extend from a cleat hub and flex under the weight of
the wearer of a golf shoe so as to tangle with turf and provide
traction. Examples of cleats with dynamic traction elements are
described and disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,305,104 (McMullin
'104), 6,834,445 (McMullin '445) and 7,040,043 (McMullin '043); the
entire contents of those patents are incorporated herein by
reference. These cleats are typically over 7.5 mm in overall cleat
height, and this extra height provides traction as the legs, when
fully flexed and during flexure, tangle with grass on fairways and
in rough. This 7.5 mm height would at times prove to be damaging to
putting greens except for the fact that the dynamic traction
elements flex under the weight of the golfer, thereby spreading
outwardly along the surface of the green without puncturing the
turf. When these cleats with longer dynamic traction elements are
used on cart paths or other very hard surfaces, they flex as they
do on putting greens; however, the golfer is far more aware of the
flexing action and, in fact, typically enjoys the cushioned feeling
of walking on the flexing traction elements of the cleat.
[0007] The second type of modern plastic cleat is one with static
traction elements (i.e., elements that are substantially rigid and
do not flex) that extend from the cleat hub. In order to protect
greens, these cleats are shorter, typically a maximum of 6-6.25 mm
in overall cleat height so as to limit any turf penetration that
might occur. These cleats, although made of plastic material, are
rigid and, because of their reduced height, are somewhat less
effective in tangling or even biting into grass or thatch as the
golfer walks on fairways and in rough. One advantage of these
shorter cleats is that when the golfer walks on cart paths or hard
surfaces, the cleats produce a feeling to the wearer that he/she is
walking on plastic or studs. This "advantage" is an accommodation
to golfers who formerly used metal cleats in that it provides a
similar feeling to that experienced with the metal cleats worn as
recently as 1999.
[0008] It is known to have both static and dynamic traction
elements on the same cleat with the relative positions of the
dynamic and static elements providing particular desired tractional
effects. Examples of this type of cleat are disclosed in U.S. Pat.
Nos. 6,834,446 (McMullin '446) and 6,675,505 (Terashima); the
entire contents of those patents are incorporated herein by
reference.
[0009] For several years metal spikes and plastic cleats have been
replaceable in the shoe outsole by means of a threaded stem (metal
or plastic) on the spike or cleat engaging a threaded socket
mounted in the golf shoe outsole. Unlike the metal threads of old
metal spikes and early plastic cleats which had only one screw
thread lead-in (i.e., one rotational starting point for the
threaded engagement), currently prevalent cleat attachment methods
have multiple lead-in options (i.e., multiple starting angular
positions for the cleat stem relative to the outsole socket).
Examples of multiple starting point lead-ins for threaded
engagements for cleats are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,810,608
(Kelly '608), and 7,137,213 (Kelly et al); the entire contents of
those patents are incorporated herein by reference.
[0010] An example of multiple starting points for a non-threaded
rotational engagement technique is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No.
6,631,571 (McMullin '571); the entire contents of that patent are
incorporated herein by reference. In the non-threaded rotational
engagement typified by the McMullin '571 patent, plural (e.g.,
three) angularly spaced contoured retaining members on the cleat
are inserted through similarly contoured openings in a receptacle
cavity and then rotated through a small angle to a final locking
position. The retaining members on the cleat are substantially
identical, as are the contoured openings in the receptacle, so that
any of the retaining members can fit in any of the contoured
openings, thereby providing plural (e.g., three) possible starting
points and final positions for the rotational engagement.
[0011] In currently marketed cleats, each of the above-described
connection techniques has three rotational starting point choices
which allow for three different 120.degree. -spaced positions or
final orientations of, for example, an asymmetrical cleat in an
outsole. The asymmetrical cleat features could be cosmetic (e.g., a
logo which typically is not symmetrical) as shown in U.S, Patent
No. D466,275, or functional (e.g., an asymmetric shape or array of
traction elements, as in McMullin '446) providing different
traction effects at different rotational positions. The different
rotational positions, then, may be viewed as permitting a degree of
traction adjustability whereby the rotational positions of the
dynamic and traction elements relative to the shoe outsole
periphery produce different traction effects depending upon which
rotational starting position is chosen during cleat connection to
the shoe mounted receptacle. However, the differences between the
tractional effects produced in the three angular positions, both
from a tactile perspective and from a tractional function
perspective, are subtle at best and are not necessarily sensed or
appreciated by the person wearing the shoe.
[0012] It is desirable, but not possible until the present
invention, to provide a basic cleat configuration that dramatically
accommodates the tractional and comfort preferences of
substantially all golfers. It is similarly desirable to provide a
cleat having individual traction elements that can function in
either a dynamic or static mode, depending on the adjustable
rotational position of the cleat on a shoe outsole or the
adjustable position of a structural component attached to the
cleat. It is likewise desirable to permit tractional and comfort
characteristics of a single cleat to be selectively modified.
OBJECTS AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0013] It is an object of the invention to provide traction
adjustability for a cleat in an athletic shoe such that the wearer
of the shoe definitively senses and feels different tractional
effects. Specifically, it is one object of the present invention to
provide in one cleat a choice between at least two, and in some
cases more, different cleat "feels" and traction characteristics.
More specifically, one embodiment of the invention provides a cleat
and outsole combination that allows the user to choose which of the
two types of traction "feels" he or she prefers based on how the
cleats are selectively installed in the outsole of the golf shoe.
Alternatively, the different tractional effects may be provided by
an adjustment ring that can be selectively secured to and
positioned on the cleat.
[0014] In general, the present invention pertains to selectively
changing the amount of flexure permitted for dynamic traction
elements to achieve a desired tractional effect of comfort feeling
for the wearer of an athletic shoe.
[0015] According to one aspect of the present invention, the number
of dynamic traction elements on a cleat is such that the three
starting locations for the rotational engagement combine with the
angular spacing between the traction elements to provide traction
element locations which differ for each starting location. Stated
otherwise, the angular locations of each dynamic traction element
for the installed cleat are different depending on which of the
three starting locations is chosen. In addition, a portion of the
outsole of the golf shoe surrounding the receptacle is defined as
an annular array of repeating segments of raised, recessed and
neutral adjustment segments of angular width generally
corresponding to the angular width of each traction element. The
radial location of the array of adjustment segments in relation to
the socket rotational axis corresponds to the radial location on
the cleat of an upper surface of each dynamic traction element
relative to the stem rotational axis such that the upper surface of
each traction element is always aligned with either a raised,
recessed or neutral adjustment section. Each raised adjustment
segment projects downwardly a sufficient distance from the outsole
to interfere with an aligned traction element and prevent it from
being deflected upward (i.e., toward the outsole) under the weight
of the wearer. Each recessed adjustment segment receives an aligned
traction element such that the element is permitted to deflect
upwardly a maximum amount under the wearer's weight. Each neutral
adjustment segment, which is typically co-planar with the exposed
outsole bottom surface, permits an intermediate amount of upward
deflection of an aligned traction element. This arrangement permits
the degree of flexure of the dynamic elements to be varied as a
function of the final rotational or angular position of the cleat
in the receptacle. When the permitted traction element flexure is
zero, the wearer of the shoe experiences a hard "feel" much like
that provided by static traction elements. When the permitted
flexure is maximum, the "feel" is softer, much like that provided
by the cleat in the McMullin '104 patent. In the cleat position
permitting and intermediate amount of flexure the "feel" is
correspondingly intermediate that provided in the other two
positions. In addition to "feel" perceived by the wearer of the
shoe, the tractional effects differ in each position for the
reasons described above in connection with dynamic and static
traction.
[0016] In another aspect of the invention, rather than modifying
the bottom surface of the shoe outsole to selectively restrict
flexure of dynamic traction elements as a function of the selected
rotational starting location, a separate element such as an
adjustment ring may be placed on the upper surface of the cleat hub
about the cleat connector. In one embodiment the adjustment ring is
not rotationally adjustable once mounted and includes spaced
depending adjustment segments that are angularly aligned with and
positively engage the top surfaces of respective dynamic traction
elements so as to prevent the traction element from flexing under
the weight of the wearer of the shoe. Alternatively, an adjustment
ring may be rotatable and have raised, recessed and/or neutral
adjustment segments to interact at different heights with the
dynamic traction elements depending on the angular position of the
ring on the cleat.
[0017] These and other objects of the present invention are not
mutually dependent and should be considered as individual objects
as well as objects in combination.
[0018] The above and still further features and advantages of the
present invention will become apparent upon consideration of the
following definitions, descriptions and descriptive figures of
specific embodiments thereof wherein like reference numerals in the
various figures are utilized to designate like components. While
these descriptions go into specific details of the invention, it
should be understood that variations may and do exist and would be
apparent to those skilled in the art based on the descriptions
herein.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0019] FIG. 1 is a view in perspective of the bottom surface of a
portion of a shoe outsole configured to interact with a cleat
according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
[0020] FIG. 2 is a bottom view in plan of a first cleat engaged in
a first angular position with the shoe outsole of FIG. 1.
[0021] FIG. 3 is a side view in elevation of the cleat and outsole
of FIG. 2.
[0022] FIG. 4 is a bottom view in plan of the cleat and outsole of
FIG. 2 engaged in a second angular position.
[0023] FIG. 5 is a side view in elevation of the cleat and outsole
of FIG. 4.
[0024] FIG. 6 is a bottom view in plan of the cleat and outsole of
FIG. 2 engaged in a third angular position.
[0025] FIG. 7 is a side view in elevation of the cleat and outsole
of FIG. 6.
[0026] FIG. 8 is a bottom view in plan of a second cleat engaged in
a first angular position with the shoe outsole of FIG. 1.
[0027] FIG. 9 is a side view in elevation of the cleat and outsole
of FIG. 8.
[0028] FIG. 10 is a bottom view in plan of the cleat and outsole of
FIG. 8 engaged in a second angular position.
[0029] FIG. 11 is a side view in elevation of the cleat and outsole
of FIG. 10.
[0030] FIG. 12 is a bottom view in plan of the cleat and outsole of
FIG. 8 engaged in a third angular position.
[0031] FIG. 13 is a side view in elevation of the cleat and outsole
of FIG. 12.
[0032] FIG. 14 is a top view in perspective of a cleat useful in
connection with another embodiment of the present invention.
[0033] FIG. 15 is a top view in plan of the cleat of FIG. 14.
[0034] FIG. 16 is a view in perspective of the bottom surface of a
portion of a shoe outsole configured according to another
embodiment of the present invention to interact with the cleat of
FIG. 15.
[0035] FIG. 17 is a detailed view of the surface of FIG. 15 showing
a raised adjustment segment.
[0036] FIG. 18 is a view in perspective of the cleat of FIG. 16
with a first adjustment ring attached in accordance with another
embodiment of the present invention.
[0037] FIG. 19 is a side view in elevation of the cleat and
attached adjustment ring of FIG. 18.
[0038] FIG. 20 is a bottom view in perspective of the adjustment
ring shown in FIG. 18.
[0039] FIG. 21 is a bottom view in perspective of a second
adjustment ring attached in accordance with yet another embodiment
of the present invention.
[0040] FIG. 22 is a top view in plan of the adjustment ring of FIG.
21.
[0041] FIG. 23 is a bottom view in plan of the adjustment ring of
FIG. 21.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
[0042] The following detailed description of FIGS. 1-23 and of the
preferred embodiments reveals the methods and apparatus of the
present invention. It is to be understood that the relative
directional terms "top", "bottom", "upward", downward", "vertical"
and horizontal", and the like, as used herein, refer to the
orientation in a shoe outsole in which the cleat of the invention
is installed when the shoe outsole rests on or is forced against a
horizontal surface such as the ground, and these terms are not
limiting on the orientation of the shoe, the cleat or the scope of
the invention. For purposes of understanding, the following
directional terms as used herein shall have the following meanings:
"angular" means the rotational direction about the central
longitudinal axis of the cleat about which the cleat is rotated
during installation in a receptacle in a shoe outsole; "radial"
refers to the transverse direction perpendicular to the central
longitudinal axis; and "axial" refers to the longitudinal direction
along or parallel to that axis. In addition, to provide a
dimensional frame of reference to facilitate understanding of the
invention, the description may include dimensions for some of the
structural features. It is to be understood that these dimensions
are for reference and understanding and are not intended as
limiting the scope of the invention. When the term "rotational
engagement", or the like, is used herein in connection with a
connector on a cleat engaging a receptacle in a shoe outsole, it is
meant to include any form of rotational engagement, including but
not limited to threaded engagement such as that disclosed in the
Kelly '608 and Kelly et al patents and non-threaded rotational
engagement such as that disclosed in the McMullin '571 patent.
Additionally, the term "connector stem" is used herein to refer to
the connector on the cleat that rotationally engages a receptacle
connector mounted in the shoe sole; it is to be understood that
this term includes a single shaft (threaded or not) concentric with
the cleat longitudinal axis about which rotational engagement is
effected, or plural separate stems disposed at short radially
spaced locations from that axis.
[0043] A first embodiment of the present invention is illustrated
in FIGS. 1-7 to which specific reference is now made. According to
this embodiment, the number of dynamic traction elements on a cleat
is such that the three possible starting locations for the
rotational engagement combine with the angular spacing between the
traction elements to provide traction element locations which
differ for each lead-in location. Stated otherwise, the angular
locations of each traction element for the installed cleat are
different depending on which of the three thread starting locations
is chosen. As shown in FIG. 1, a portion of the outsole 10 of the
golf shoe surrounding the receptacle is defined as an annular array
of repeating sections of raised, recessed and neutral adjustment
segments of angular width generally corresponding to the angular
width of each traction element. More specifically, FIG. 1
illustrates a portion of an outsole 10 including a recess or
aperture 11 in which a receptacle is typically mounted to serve as
a shoe connector. The multi-start receptacle itself is not shown in
FIG. 1 for purposes of preserving clarity and understanding of the
invention, but it is to be understood that the receptacle may be
threaded or not and take the form described and illustrated in any
of the above-referenced Kelly '608, Kelly et al or McMullin '571
patents. The receptacle and the corresponding connecting stem of
the cleat provide for three angularly spaced lead-ins or rotation
starting points for the engagement of the cleat and receptacle. The
rotation required for full cleat insertion is typically limited by
stop members on the cleat and in the receptacle to an angle on the
order of 60.degree. or less. Thus, selection of a particular
lead-in permits the final angular position of the dynamic traction
elements on the cleat to be selected.
[0044] Surrounding recess 11 is the annular array of traction
adjustment segments comprising: raised segments 12; recessed
segments 13; and neutral segments 14 which are co-planar with
outsole 10. In this embodiment the series of three adjacent
adjustment segments is repeated in eight successive sections to
form the annular array. The radial centerline of each segment is
angularly spaced from the radial centerline of its two adjacent
segments by 15.degree., thereby permitting a cleat with eight
equiangularly spaced dynamic traction elements to be rotated
15.degree. to have each traction element moved from one traction
adjustment segment to the next adjacent segment.
[0045] The radial location of the array of adjustment segments 12,
13, 14 relative to the center of recess 11 (or the longitudinal
rotation axis of an attached cleat) corresponds to the radial
location on the cleat of an upper surface of each traction element
relative to the connector stem axis such that the upper surface of
each traction element is always aligned with either the raised,
recessed or neutral adjustment section. More specifically, as
illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3, a cleat 15 of the type disclosed in
the McMullin '104 patent is shown attached to outsole 10 in a first
angular position. Cleat 15 has eight dynamic traction elements
equally spaced angularly about the rotation axis A of the cleat,
extending from the periphery of the cleat hub. In this first
position, the top surface of each of the elements 16 is angularly
aligned with a respective raised traction adjustment segment 12. In
the illustrated embodiment this alignment produces an abutting
relationship between the traction element and the adjustment
segment so that no deflection of the traction element is possible.
In this regard the surface of the adjustment segment is preferably
angled and contoured, as shown in FIG. 3, to be flush with the
contacted angled upper surface of the traction element to maximize
the contact area between them and thereby optimize the force
opposing traction element deflection. It is to be understood that,
depending on the tractional or "feel" characteristics desired, the
raised adjustment segment could be configured to be slightly spaced
from the top surface of the traction element so as to permit a
small deflection of the traction element when the cleat is under
load from the weight of the shoe wearer. For purposes of this
discussion, this first angular position of cleat 15 relative the
adjustment segment array is considered to be the 0.degree.
position. In this regard, note that the peripheral edge of the
traction element in the twelve o'clock position in FIG. 2 has a
small outwardly pointed arrow to show its angular position. As
described, this 0.degree. position of the cleat in its
outsole-mounted connector is achieved by starting the rotational
insertion of the cleat connecting stem in a particular one of three
possible starting positions for engaging the cleat in the shoe
mounted receptacle.
[0046] FIGS. 4 and 5 illustrate a second angular position of the
cleat rotated 120.degree. clockwise from the position illustrated
in FIGS. 2 and 3. In this position, achieved by starting insertion
of the connecting stem of the cleat in a second start position in
the outsole socket, the traction elements 16 are angularly aligned
with respective neutral or flat traction adjustment segments 14.
The traction elements in this position are permitted to deflect
until their upper surfaces abut the surface in segment 14 which is
in the plane of outsole 10. This is considered an intermediate
amount of deflection for purposes of this embodiment.
[0047] FIGS. 6 and 7 illustrate a third angular position of the
cleat rotated 240.degree. clockwise from the position illustrated
in FIGS. 2 and 3. In this position, achieved by starting rotational
insertion of the connector shaft of the cleat in a third starting
position in the outsole socket, the traction elements 16 are
angularly aligned with respective recessed traction adjustment
segments 13. In this position the traction elements are permitted
to deflect maximally until their upper surfaces abut the defining
top wall of the recess in segment 13 which is recessed from the
plane of outsole 10. This is considered the maximum amount of
deflection for purposes of this embodiment.
[0048] Summarizing the operation in the different angular positions
of the cleat in the embodiment of FIGS. 1-7, each raised adjustment
segment 12 projects downwardly a sufficient distance from the
outsole 10 to interfere with an aligned traction element 16 and
prevent it from being deflected upward (i.e., toward the outsole)
under the weight of the wearer. Each recessed adjustment segment 13
receives an aligned traction element 16 such that the element is
permitted to deflect upwardly a maximum amount under the wearer's
weight. Each neutral adjustment segment 14, which is typically
co-planar with the exposed outsole surface, permits an intermediate
amount of upward deflection of an aligned traction element 16. In
the case of a symmetrical cleat 15 with eight equally spaced
dynamic traction elements 16, the centerline of each traction
element 16 is angularly spaced 45.degree. from the centerlines of
the adjacent traction elements. For each of the three rotational
starting positions for cleat insertion into the shoe mounted
socket, each traction element is re-positioned by 120.degree.. The
combinations of traction element locations and starting position
spacing provide the possibility that a traction element could end
up in any one of twenty-four different angular locations,
successive locations being spaced by 15.degree.. In actuality, for
the example stated (i.e., eight symmetrically disposed traction
elements, three lead-in positions and eight sets of three repeating
adjustment sections) there are only three possible conditions due
to the limitation of rotation produced by locking the cleat in the
socket after insertion rotation of approximately 60.degree..
[0049] If a cleat has only four flexing traction elements located
symmetrically, the numbers are reduced to twelve element locations
with 30.degree. spacing between them. It is to be understood that
the principles of the invention include any number of unique
starting positions for the rotational engagement combined with
traction element multiples that result in separate and distinct
final element locations. It is also to be understood that the cleat
need not be symmetrical; that is, the traction elements can be
oriented in an asymmetric array about the cleat periphery. Of
course, this may require modification of the adjustment segment
positions in the outsole.
[0050] Likewise, although the essence of this aspect of the
invention is to permit selective adjustment of the flexibility of
dynamic traction elements as a function of cleat rotational
position in the outsole connector, the cleat may additionally
include one or more static traction elements positioned so as to
not interfere with the adjustable flexure feature of the dynamic
elements. Typically, the static elements would be located in
alternating positions with the dynamic elements, or inboard from
the cleat periphery. An example of a cleat with only four flexible
traction elements, and containing alternating dynamic and static
elements used with an array of adjustment segments according to the
present invention is illustrated in FIGS. 8-13.
[0051] FIGS. 8 and 9 illustrate a portion of an outsole 20 having a
receptacle (not shown) mounted in an aperture or recess 21 in which
a cleat 25 is rotationally engaged by means of its connector stem
27 which in this embodied is externally treaded. The multi-start
internally threaded mating receptacle itself is not shown for
purposes of preserving clarity and understanding of the invention,
but it is to be understood that the receptacle may take the form
described and illustrated in either of the above-referenced Kelly
'608 and Kelly et al patent. Alternatively, the rotational
connection need not be threaded but instead can be of the type
described and disclosed in the above-referenced McMullin '571
patent. Surrounding recess 21 is the annular array of traction
adjustment segments comprising raised segments 22, recessed
segments 23 and neutral segments 24 which are co-planar with
outsole 20. In this embodiment the three adjustment segments are
repeated in four successive sections to form the annular array. The
radial centerline of each segment is angularly spaced from the
radial centerline of its two adjacent segments by 30.degree.,
thereby permitting a cleat with four equi-angularly spaced dynamic
traction elements 26 to be rotated 30.degree. to have each traction
element moved from one traction adjustment segment to the next
adjacent segment.
[0052] The radial location of the array of adjustment segments 22,
23, 24 relative to the center of recess 21 (or the central
longitudinal axis of an attached cleat) corresponds to the radial
location on the cleat of an upper surface of each traction element
relative to the connector rotation axis such that the upper surface
of each traction element is always aligned with either the raised,
recessed or neutral adjustment section. More specifically, as
illustrated in FIGS. 8 and 9, a cleat 25 is shown with four dynamic
traction elements 26 alternating with four static traction elements
28 spaced angularly about the axis A of the cleat. Cleat 25 is of
the type disclosed in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/399,183,
filed Feb. 26, 2009 by Krikorian et al with the title "Improved
Athletic Shoe Cleat with Dynamic Traction and Method of Making and
Using Same" (the Krikorian et al patent application). The entire
contents of that patent application are incorporated herein by
reference. Cleat 25 is shown attached to outsole 20 in a first
angular position. In this first position, the top surface of each
of the dynamic elements 26 is angularly aligned with a respective
raised traction adjustment segment 22. In the illustrated
embodiment this alignment produces an abutting relationship between
the top transversely extending surface of the dynamic traction
element and the adjustment segment so that no deflection of the
traction element is possible. In this regard the surface of the
adjustment segment is preferably parallel to the abutting traction
element surface, as shown in FIG. 9, so as to be in flush contact
to maximize the contact area between them and thereby optimize the
force opposing traction element deflection. It is to be understood
that, depending on the tractional or "feel" characteristics
desired, the raised adjustment segment could be configured to be
slightly spaced from the top surface of the traction element so as
to permit a small element deflection when the cleat is under load
from the weight of the shoe wearer. For purposes of this
discussion, this first angular position of cleat 25 relative the
adjustment segment array is considered to be the 0.degree.
position. As described, this 0.degree. position of the cleat in its
outsole-mounted connector is achieved by starting the insertion of
the cleat connecting shaft in a particular one of three possible
starting positions for engaging the cleat in the shoe mounted
receptacle.
[0053] FIGS. 10 and 11 illustrate a second angular position of the
cleat rotated 120.degree. clockwise from the position illustrated
in FIGS. 8 and 9. In this position, achieved by starting insertion
of the connector shaft of the cleat in a second start position in
the outsole socket, the traction elements 26 are angularly aligned
with respective neutral or flat traction adjustment segments 24.
The traction elements in this angular position of the cleat are
permitted to deflect until their upper surfaces abut the surface in
segment 24 which is in the plane of outsole 20. This is considered
an intermediate amount of deflection for purposes of this
embodiment.
[0054] FIGS. 12 and 13 illustrate a third angular position of the
cleat rotated 240.degree. clockwise from the position illustrated
in FIGS. 8 and 9. In this position, achieved by starting insertion
of the connector stem of the cleat in a third rotational start
position in the outsole socket, the dynamic traction elements 26
are angularly aligned with respective recessed traction adjustment
segments 23. In this position the traction elements 26 are
permitted to deflect maximally until their upper surfaces abut the
top wall of the recess in segment 23 which is below the plane of
outsole 20. This is considered the maximum amount of deflection for
purposes of this embodiment.
[0055] Cleat 25 is illustrated in greater detail in FIGS. 14 and 15
to which specific reference is now made as to the portions of the
cleat relevant to the present invention. Details regarding the
complete structure and function of cleat 25 may be found in the
above-referenced Krikorian et al patent application. The threaded
connecting stem 27 of the cleat is shown to have three separate
threads to accommodate the requirement for a three start thread for
the three lead-ins described hereinabove. FIGS. 16 and 17
illustrate a portion of a shoe outsole 40 having an aperture or
recess 41 in which a receptacle of the type described above would
be mounted. Four equiangularly spaced traction adjustment segments
42 are raised from the exposed outsole surface. Each segment 42 has
a recess in the form of a slot 43 defined in its distal surface
that faces an engaged cleat. Slot 43 extends angularly and is open
at one end and closed at the other end and along its sides. The
open end of slot 43 is designed to permit the distal end of a
dynamic traction element 26 to readily enter the slot angularly as
the cleat is rotated relative to the outsole. The slot is contoured
to generally match the contour of the distal end of the traction
element so that the traction element is positively retained along
three sides once it has entered the slot. Thus, rather than relying
only on forced contact of the abutting surfaces of the traction
element and the adjustment segment as described in connection with
the embodiments of FIGS. 2 and 8, the embodiment of FIGS. 14-17
functions with both forced contact and the additional engagement of
the distal end of the traction element by three sides of slot 43.
In this regard it is noted that, in the embodiment of FIG. 15 the
distal tip of each of traction elements 26 has a modified oval
configuration wherein one long side is slightly concave, the other
long side is slightly convex, and the two ends are sharply convex.
Slot 43 is similarly contoured except at its open end.
[0056] The slotted traction adjustment segment 42 is shown in
outsole 40 at four locations without intermediate recessed segments
such as segments 13 and 23 of the previously described embodiments.
It will be appreciated that recesses and neutral segments can be
employed in combination with raised segments 42 in the same manner
as described in connection with the above-described embodiments of
FIGS. 2-7 and 8-13.
[0057] The particular configuration for slot 43 is designed to
match the configuration of the distal end of a particular traction
element 26. It will be appreciated that, for traction elements
having different distal end configurations, the slot can be
similarly differently configured.
[0058] It should be understood that it is common for cleats of the
type described to have a cooperative locking arrangement with the
receptacle to which they are attached to prevent inadvertent
relative rotation between the traction element and the raised
traction adjustment segments 12, 22, 42. In this regard, also
illustrated in FIGS. 14 and 15, although not part of the present
invention, are locking posts 35 on the top surface of the cleat hub
which cooperate with locking structure (i.e., typically an annular
array of radially projecting locking teeth) formed as part of the
receptacle. This locking arrangement is fully disclosed in the
aforesaid Krikorian et al patent application and serves to prevent
inadvertent rotation of the cleat relative to the receptacle once
the two are fully engaged.
[0059] It will be appreciated that a golf shoe constructed to take
advantage of the embodiments of the present invention as thus far
described utilizes unique combinations of: number and angular
positions of rotational starting positions; number and angular
spacing of dynamic traction elements; and final angular positions
of the dynamic traction elements upon full cleat insertion into the
receptacle. This combination of parameters makes it possible for
the user/wearer of the shoe to modify the functional attributes of
dynamic traction elements depending on which rotational starting
position is chosen for the engagement of the cleat and receptacle.
More particularly, this approach of modifying the tractional
attributes exhibited by a traction element involves taking
advantage of the known rotational stopping points of the traction
elements during the rotational engagement of the cleat depending on
which of the three unique starting position options is chosen.
[0060] In another aspect of the invention, selective restriction of
flexure of dynamic traction elements is made possible by adding a
separate piece or member to the cleat rather than requiring
interaction between the traction element and special topography of
the shoe outsole. Embodiments pertaining to that aspect of the
invention are illustrated in FIGS. 18-23.
[0061] Referring specifically to FIGS. 18-23, and using cleat 25 of
FIG. 14 as an exemplary cleat to demonstrate the principles
described, a traction adjustment member is positioned on the top
surface of the cleat. In this embodiment the adjustment member is a
ring 50 disposed concentrically about the cleat rotational axis.
Ring 50 is preferably molded as a single piece of polymer material.
The ring has a substantially flat top surface and four traction
adjustment segments 51 projecting downwardly from four respective
locations spaced by 90.degree.. In addition, segments 51 extend
radially outward from the remainder of the ring circumferential
edge to correspond to the radial position of the exposed top
surface of the dynamic traction elements 26. In the rotational ring
position shown in FIGS. 18 and 19, segments 51 are angularly
aligned with respective dynamic traction elements 26 and abut the
top surfaces of those elements. In other words, the radial and
angular positions of segments 51 relative to the cleat axis are
substantially the same as the radial and angular positions of the
proximal portions of the top surfaces of traction elements 26. The
bottom surface of each segment 51 is substantially flat as is the
abutting portion of the top surface of the aligned traction element
26. When the cleat is fully inserted into its receptacle, the flat
top surface of ring 50 is in flush contact with the shoe outsole,
and the bottom surface of each segment 51 is in flush contact with
a respective dynamic traction element 26. Accordingly, dynamic
traction elements 26 are blocked by the adjustment segments 51 from
flexing upwardly under load of the weight of the wearer of the
shoe.
[0062] Ring 50 may be selectively rotated 45.degree. to angularly
position the adjustment segments 51 between dynamic traction
elements 26 so as to not prevent upward flexible deflection of
dynamic traction elements under load, thereby effectively
converting the tractional function of these elements from static to
dynamic. In other words, by simply changing the angular position of
ring 50, the tractional characteristics of the individual traction
elements of the cleat may be changed. It will be appreciated that
ring 50 may have two or more different types of traction adjustment
segments to permit different types of tractional adjustment. For
example, the extent of the downward dependence of the different
segments may be varied to differently limit the amount of flexible
deflection permissible for the dynamic elements in each angular
position of the cleat.
[0063] An alternative type of adjustment ring 60 is illustrated in
FIGS. 21-23. Ring 60 is preferably a single piece of molded polymer
including four traction adjustment segments 61 extending at a
slanted radially outward and downward angle from respective
90.degree. spaced angular locations along the ring periphery. Each
segment 61, instead of contacting a respective traction element 26
in flush flat surface abutment, includes a notch 62 defined in its
distal edge for receiving a similarly configured rib formed on the
top surface of the traction element. This arrangement permits
segment 61 to grip the rib on the traction element and has the
advantage of preventing inadvertent angular movement of between
segment 61 and traction element 26.
[0064] It will be appreciated that, with regard to the embodiments
of FIGS. 1-17 one can add material to or delete material from the
shoe outsole during manufacture to accommodate the attributes that
a golfer prefers or chooses; with regard to the embodiments of
FIGS. 18-20 one can selectively rotate the adjustment ring to
accommodate those attributes; and with respect to the embodiment of
FIGS. 21-23 one can selectively attach the adjustment ring or not
to accommodate those attributes. If the golfer prefers the hard
feel while walking on hard surfaces, support would be added to the
outsole in the cleat insertion stopping locations of one of the
rotation starting locations (which would be marked in the outsole
to indicate that this starting location produces a firm feel) such
that the flexing nature of the traction elements is restricted by
interference in the flexing path of the element. Stated
differently, the element would be supported by a standoff of
support material in the outsole under and supporting the traction
element, restricting its ability to flex.
[0065] If a second lead in position was chosen, the support or
stand-off would be less extreme, and the setting would be
advertised as normal traction feel. The third feel or setting would
be a result of inserting the cleat at the third lead-in position
and would allow the maximum flexing of the cleat and the greatest
cushioning or shock absorbing feel on a hard surface. This very
soft feel could include a recess in the outsole of the shoe which
would allow greater flexing than normally allowed.
[0066] Having described preferred embodiments of new and improved
traction system having traction elements with selectively
adjustable tractional characteristics and athletic shoes employing
same, it is believed that other modifications, variations and
changes will be suggested to those skilled in the art in view of
the teachings set forth herein. It is therefore to be understood
that all such variations, modifications and changes are believed to
fall within the scope of the present invention as defined by the
appended claims. Although specific terms are employed herein, they
are used in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for
purposes of limitation.
* * * * *