U.S. patent application number 12/158034 was filed with the patent office on 2009-11-19 for chimeric antibodies with part new world primate binding regions.
Invention is credited to Anthony G. Doyle, Philip A. Jennings, Ian M. Tomlinson, Benjamin P. Woolven.
Application Number | 20090286962 12/158034 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 38188157 |
Filed Date | 2009-11-19 |
United States Patent
Application |
20090286962 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Woolven; Benjamin P. ; et
al. |
November 19, 2009 |
CHIMERIC ANTIBODIES WITH PART NEW WORLD PRIMATE BINDING REGIONS
Abstract
The present invention provides a chimeric antibody polypeptide
comprising an antigen binding site, wherein the antigen binding
site comprises a human variable domain having at least one New
World Primate CDR.
Inventors: |
Woolven; Benjamin P.;
(Cambridge, GB) ; Tomlinson; Ian M.; (Cambridge,
GB) ; Doyle; Anthony G.; (Drummoyne, AU) ;
Jennings; Philip A.; (Warrawee, AU) |
Correspondence
Address: |
MORRISON & FOERSTER LLP
755 PAGE MILL RD
PALO ALTO
CA
94304-1018
US
|
Family ID: |
38188157 |
Appl. No.: |
12/158034 |
Filed: |
December 20, 2006 |
PCT Filed: |
December 20, 2006 |
PCT NO: |
PCT/AU2006/001993 |
371 Date: |
January 27, 2009 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
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60817272 |
Jun 28, 2006 |
|
|
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
530/387.3 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61P 1/16 20180101; A61P
17/00 20180101; A61P 9/00 20180101; A61P 17/02 20180101; A61P 19/00
20180101; A61P 19/10 20180101; A61P 1/04 20180101; A61P 31/04
20180101; A61P 35/04 20180101; A61P 1/00 20180101; A61P 37/06
20180101; A61P 35/00 20180101; C07K 2317/565 20130101; A61P 3/10
20180101; A61P 9/10 20180101; A61P 29/00 20180101; A61P 19/02
20180101; A61P 21/00 20180101; A61P 11/00 20180101; C07K 2317/569
20130101; C07K 16/241 20130101; A61P 25/00 20180101; A61P 31/00
20180101; C07K 2317/24 20130101; A61P 37/00 20180101 |
Class at
Publication: |
530/387.3 |
International
Class: |
C07K 16/00 20060101
C07K016/00 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Dec 20, 2005 |
AU |
2005907124 |
Claims
1. A chimeric antibody polypeptide comprising an antigen binding
site, wherein the antigen binding site comprises a human variable
domain having at least one New World Primate CDR.
2. The antibody polypeptide of claim 1, wherein the human variable
domain comprises at least one human framework region having an
amino acid sequence encoded by a human germline antibody gene
segment, or an amino acid sequence comprising up to 5 amino acid
differences relative to the amino acid sequence encoded by a human
germline antibody gene segment.
3. The antibody polypeptide of claim 2, wherein the human variable
domain comprises four human framework regions, FR1, FR2, FR3 and
FR4 having amino acid sequences encoded by a human germline
antibody gene segment, or the amino acid sequences of FR1, FR2, FR3
and FR4 collectively containing up to 10 ammo acid differences
relative to the amino acid sequences by said human germline
antibody gene segment.
4. The antibody polypeptide according to claim 2, wherein the
framework regions are encoded by a human germline antibody gene
segment selected from the group consisting of DP47, DP45, DP48 and
DPK9.
5. The antibody polypeptide of claim 1, wherein said New World
Primate CDR is CDR2.
6. The antibody polypeptide of claim 1, wherein said New World
Primate CDR is CDR1 or CDR3.
7. The antibody polypeptide of claim 1, wherein said New World
Primate CDR sequence is a germline New World Primate CDR
sequence.
8. The antibody polypeptide of claim 1, wherein the antibody
polypeptide is selected from the group consisting of a dAb, scFv,
Fab, (Fab').sub.2, Fv, disulphide bonded Fv, IgG, and a
diabody.
9. The antibody polypeptide of claim 1, wherein the antigen is
TNF-.alpha..
10. The antibody polypeptide of claim 1, wherein the New World
Primate is a Callithricidae.
11. The antibody polypeptide of claim 10, wherein the New World
Primate is a marmoset.
12. The antibody polypeptide of claim 1, wherein the human variable
domain amino acid sequence comprises a Kpn1 restriction site spaced
from a SanD1 restriction site, said CDR of the human variable
domain being between the restriction sites.
13. The antibody polypeptide of claim 1, wherein said New World
Primate CDR sequence is obtainable from New World Primate DNA by
PCR using primer pair VK1BL (SBQ ID No:11)/VK1BL35a (SEQ ID No:12)
or primer pair VK1BL (SEQ ID No:11)/VK1BL35b (SEQ ID No:13).
14. A chimeric domain antibody (dAb) which binds to human
TNF-.alpha., wherein the dAb is a human dAb that binds human
TNF-.alpha. in which at least one of the CDRs is replaced with the
corresponding CDR from a New World Primate.
15. A chimeric dAb according to claim 14 wherein the replaced CDR
is CDR2.
16. A chimeric dAb according to claim 14 wherein the New World
Primate is a marmoset.
17. A method of producing an antibody polypeptide as defined in
claim 1, the method comprising (i) Providing an acceptor sequence
encoding a human variable domain; and (ii) Replacing a CDR sequence
of the variable domain with a donor CDR sequence, wherein the donor
CDR sequence is a New World Primate CDR.
18. The method of claim 17, wherein in step (ii) said CDR of said
human variable domain is replaced by said donor New World Primate
CDR using restriction digestion and annealing of an oligonucleotide
encoding the donor CDR into the acceptor sequence.
19. The method of claim 17, further comprising (iii) affinity
maturing the variable domain produced in step (ii).
20. A method of producing a chimeric dAb as defined in claim 14,
the method comprising (i) Providing an acceptor sequence encoding a
human variable domain; and (ii) Replacing a CDR sequence of the
variable domain with a donor CDR sequence, wherein the donor CDR
sequence is a New World Primate CDR.
21. The method of claim 20, wherein in step (ii) said CDR of said
human variable domain is replaced by said donor New World Primate
CDR using restriction digestion and annealing of an oligonucleotide
encoding the donor CDR into the acceptor sequence.
22. The method of claim 20, further comprising (iii) affinity
maturing the variable domain produced in step (ii).
Description
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0001] The present invention relates to engineered antibody
polypeptides. More particularly, the present invention provides
antibody polypeptides comprising an antigen binding site, wherein
the antigen binding site comprises a human variable domain having
at least one New World Primate CDR. In particular the present
invention relates to antibody polypeptides directed against
TNF-.alpha..
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] As the name implies, Tumor Necrosis Factor-.alpha.
(TNF-.alpha.) was originally described as a molecule having
anti-tumor properties, but the molecule was subsequently found to
play key roles in other processes, including a prominent role in
mediating inflammation and autoimmune disorders. TNF-.alpha. is a
key proinflammatory cytokine in inflammatory conditions including,
for example, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), Crohn's disease, ulcerative
colitis and other bowel disorders, psoriasis, toxic shock, graft
versus host disease and multiple sclerosis. The pro-inflammatory
actions of TNF-.alpha. result in tissue injury, such as inducing
procoagulant activity on vascular endothelial cells (Pober, et al.,
1986, J. Immunol. 136:1680-1687), increasing the adherence of
neutrophils and lymphocytes (Pober, et al., 1987, J. Immunol.
138:3319-3324), and stimulating the release of platelet activating
factor from macrophages, neutrophils and vascular endothelial cells
(Camussi, et al., 1987, J. Exp. Med. 166:1390-1404). TNF-.alpha. is
synthesized as a 26 kD transmembrane precursor protein with an
intracellular tail that is cleaved by a TNF-.alpha.-converting
metalloproteinase enzyme and then secreted as a 17 kD soluble
protein. The active form consists of a homotrimer of the 17 kD
monomers which interacts with two different cell surface receptors,
p55 TNFR1 and p75 TNFR2. There is also evidence that the cell
surface bound precursor form of TNF-.alpha. can mediate some
biological effects of the factor. Most cells express both p55 and
p75 receptors which mediate different biological functions of the
ligand. The p75 receptor is implicated in triggering lymphocyte
proliferation, and the p55 receptor is implicated in TNF-mediated
cytotoxicity, apoptosis, antiviral activity, fibroblast
proliferation and NT-.kappa.B activation (see Locksley et al.,
2001, Cell 104: 487-501). The TNF receptors are members of a family
of membrane proteins including the NGF receptor, Fas antigen, CD27,
CD30, CD40, Ox40 and the receptor for the lymphotoxin
.alpha./.beta. heterodimer. Binding of receptor by the homotrimer
induces aggregation of receptors into small clusters of two or
three molecules of either p55 or p75. TNF-.alpha. is produced
primarily by activated macrophages and T lymphocytes, but also by
neutrophils, endothelial cells, keratinocytes and fibroblasts
during acute inflammatory reactions. TNF-.alpha. is at the apex of
the cascade of pro-inflammatory cytokines (Reviewed in Feldmann
& Maini, 2001, Ann. Rev. Immunol. 19: 163-196). This cytokine
induces the expression or release of additional proinflammatory
cytokines, particularly IL-1 und IL-6 (see, for example, Rutgeerts
et al., 2004, Gastroenterology 126: 1593-1610). Inhibition of
TNF-.alpha. inhibits the production of inflammatory cytokines
including IL-1, IL-6, IL-8 and GM-CSF (Brennan et al., 1989, Lancet
2: 244-247). Because of its role in inflammation, TNF-.alpha. has
emerged as an important inhibition target in efforts to reduce the
symptoms of inflammatory disorders. Various approaches to
inhibition of TNF-.alpha. for the clinical treatment of disease
have been pursued, including particularly the use of soluble
TNF-.alpha. receptors and antibodies specific for TNF-.alpha..
Commercial products approved for clinical use include, for example,
the antibody products Remicade.TM. (infliximab; Centocor, Malvern,
Pa.; a chimeric monoclonal IgG antibody bearing human IgG1 constant
and mouse variable regions), Humira.TM. (adalimumab or D2E7; Abbott
Laboratories, described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,090,382) and the soluble
receptor product Enbrel.TM. (etancrcept, a soluble p75 TNFR2 Fc
fusion protein; Immunex). The role of TNF-.alpha. in inflammatory
arthritis is reviewed in, for example, Li & Schwartz, 2003,
Springer Semin. Immunopathol. 25: 19-33. In RA, TNF-.alpha. is
highly expressed in inflamed synovium, particularly at the
cartilage-pannus junction (DiGiovine et al., 1988, Ann. Rheum. Dis.
47: 768-772; Firestein et al., 1990, J. Immunol. 144: 3347-3353;
and Saxne et al., 1988, Arthritis Rheum. 31: 1041-1045). In
addition to evidence that TNF-.alpha. increases the levels of
inflammatory cytokines IL-1, IL-6, IL-8 and GM-CSF, TNF-.alpha. can
alone trigger joint inflammation and proliferation of
fibroblast-like synoviocytes (Gitter et al., 1989, Immunology 66:
196-200), induce collagenase, thereby triggering cartilage
destruction (Dayer et al., 1985, J. Exp. Med. 162: 2163-2168; Dayer
et al., 1986, J. Clin. Invest. 77: 645-648), inhibit proteoglycan
synthesis by articular chondrocytes (Saklatvala, 1986, Nature 322:
547-548; Saklatvala et al., 1985, J. Exp. Med. 162; 1208-1222) and
can stimulate osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption (Abu-Amer et
al., 2000, J. Biol. Chem., 275: 27307-27310; Bertolini et al.,
1986, Nature 319: 516-518). TNF-.alpha. induces increased release
of CD14+ monocytes by the bone marrow. Such monocytes can
infiltrate joints and amplify the inflammatory response via the
RANK (Receptor Activator of NF-.kappa.B)-RANKL signaling pathway,
giving rise to osteoclast formation during arthritic inflammation
(reviewed in Anandarajah & Richlin, 2004, Curr. Opin.
Rheumatol. 16: 338-343). TNF-.alpha. is an acute phase protein
which increases vascular permeability through its induction of
IL-8, thereby recruiting macrophage and neutrophils to a site of
infection. Once present, activated macrophages continue to produce
TNF-.alpha., thereby maintaining and amplifying the inflammatory
response. Titration of TNF-.alpha. by the soluble receptor
construct etanercept has proved effective for the treatment of RA,
but not for treatment of Crohn's disease. In contrast, the antibody
TNF-.alpha. antagonist infliximab is effective to treat both RA and
Crohn's disease. Thus, the mere neutralization of soluble
TNF-.alpha. is not the only mechanism involved in anti-TNF-based
therapeutic efficacy. Rather, the blockade of other
pro-inflammatory signals or molecules that are induced by
TNF-.alpha. also plays a role (Rutgeerts et al., supra). For
example, the administration of infliximab apparently decreases the
expression of adhesion molecules, resulting in a decreased
infiltration of neutrophils to sites of inflammation. Also,
infliximab therapy results in the disappearance of inflammatory
cells from previously inflamed bowel mucosa in Crohn's disease.
This disappearance of activated T cells in the lamina propria is
mediated by apoptosis of cells carrying membrane-bound TNF-.alpha.
following activation of caspases 8,9 and then 3 in a Fas dependent
manner (see Lugering et al., 2001, Gastroenterology 121:
1145-1157). Thus, membrane- or receptor-bound TNF-.alpha. is an
important target for anti-TNF-.alpha. therapeutic approaches.
Others have shown that infliximab binds to activated peripheral
blood cells and lamina propria cells and induces apoptosis through
activation of caspase 3 (sec Van den Brando et al., 2003,
Gastroenterology 124: 1774-1785). Intracellularly, the binding of
trimeric TNF-.alpha. to its receptor triggers a cascade of
signaling events, including displacement of inhibitory molecules
such as SODD (silencer of death domains) and binding of the adaptor
factors FADD, TRADD, TRAF2, c-IAP, RAIDD and TRIP plus the kinase
RIP1 and certain caspases (reviewed by Chen & Goeddel, 2002,
Science 296: 1634-1635, and by Muzio & Saccani in :Methods in
Molecular Medicine: Tumor Necrosis Factor, Methods and Protocols,"
Corti and Ghezzi, eds. (Humana Press, New Jersey; 2004), pp. 81
-99). The assembled signalling complex can activate either a cell
survival pathway, through NF-.kappa.B activation and subsequent
downstream gene activation, or an apoptotic pathway through caspase
activation. Similar extracellular downstream cytokine cascades and
intracellular signal transduction pathways can be induced by
TNF-.alpha. in other diseases. Thus, for other diseases or
disorders in which the TNF-.alpha. molecule contributes to the
pathology, inhibition of TNF-.alpha. presents an approach to
treatment. Angiogenesis plays an important role in the active
proliferation of inflammatory synovial tissue. RA synovial tissue,
which is highly vascularized, invades the periarticular cartilage
and bone tissue and leads to joint destruction. Vascular
endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is the most potent angiogenic
cytokine known. VEGF is a secreted, heparin-binding, homodimeric
glycoprotein existing in several alternate forms due to alternative
splicing of its primly transcript (Leung et al., 1989, Science 246:
1306-1309). VEGF is also known as vascular permeability factor
(VPF) due to its ability to induce vascular leakage, a process
important in inflammation. The identification of VEGF in synovial
tissues of RA patients highlighted the potential role of VEGF in
the pathology of RA (Fava et al., 1994, J. Exp. Med. 180: 341-346;
Nagashima et al., 1995, J. Rheumatol. 22: 1624-1630). A role for
VEGF in the pathology of RA was solidified following studies in
which anti-VEGF antibodies were administered in the murine
collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model. In these studies, VEGF
expression in the joints increased upon induction of the disease,
and the administration of anti-VEGF antisera blocked the
development of arthritic disease and ameliorated established
disease (Sone et al., 2001, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 281:
562-568; Lu et al., 2000, J. Immunol. 164: 5922-5927).
[0003] Antibody Polypeptides
[0004] Antibodies are highly specific for their binding targets and
although they are derived from nature's own defence mechanisms,
antibodies face several challenges when applied to the treatment of
disease inhuman patients. Conventional antibodies are large
multi-subunit protein molecules comprising at least four
polypeptide chains. For example, human IgG has two heavy chains and
two light chains that are disulfide bonded to form the functional
antibody. The size of a conventional IgG is about 150 kD. Because
of their relatively large size, complete antibodies (e.g., IgG,
IgA, IgM, etc.) are limited in their therapeutic usefulness due to
problems in, for example, tissue penetration. Considerable efforts
have focused on identifying and producing smaller antibody
fragments that retain antigen binding function and solubility. The
heavy and light polypeptide chains of antibodies comprise variable
(V) regions that directly participate in antigen interactions, and
constant (C) regions that provide structural support and function
in non-antigen-specific interactions with immune effectors. The
antigen binding domain of a conventional antibody is comprised of
two separate domains: a heavy chain variable domain (VH) and a
light chain variable domain (VL: which can be either V.kappa. or
V.lamda.). The antigen binding site itself is formed by six
polypeptide loops: three from the VH domain (H1, H2 and H3) and
three from the VL domain (L1, L2 and L3). In vivo, a diverse
primary repertoire of V genes that encode the VH and VL domains is
produced by the combinatorial rearrangement of gene segments. C
regions include the light chain C regions (referred to as CL
regions) and the heavy chain C regions (referred to as CH1, CH2 and
CH3 regions). A number of smaller antigen binding fragments of
naturally occurring antibodies have been identified following
protease digestion. These include, for example, the "Fab fragment"
(VL-CL-CH1-VH), "Fab' fragment" (a Fab with the heavy chain hinge
region) and "F(ab')2 fragment" (a dimer of Fab' fragments joined by
the heavy chain hinge region). Recombinant methods have been used
to generate even smaller antigen-binding fragments, referred to as
"single chain Fv" (variable fragment) or "scFv," consisting of VL
and VH joined by a synthetic peptide linker.
[0005] Single Domain Antibodies
[0006] While the antigen binding unit of a naturally-occurring
antibody (e.g., in humans and most other mammals) is generally
known to be comprised of a pair of V regions (VL/VH), camelid
species express a large proportion of fully functional, highly
specific antibodies that are devoid of light chain sequences. The
camelid heavy chain antibodies are found as homodimers of a single
heavy chain, dimerized via their constant regions. The variable
domains of these camelid heavy chain antibodies are referred to as
VHH domains and retain the ability, when isolated as fragments of
the VH chain, to bind antigen with high specificity
(Hamers-Casterman et al., 1993, Nature 363: 446-448; Gahroudi et
al., 1997, FEBS Lett. 414: 521 -526). Antigen binding single VH
domains have also been identified from, for example, a library of
murine VH genes amplified from genomic DNA from the spleens of
immunized mice and expressed in E. coli (Ward et al, 1989, Nature
341: 544-546). Ward et al. named the isolated single VH domains
"dAbs," for "domain antibodies". The term "dAb" will refer herein
to a single immunoglobulin variable domain (VH, VHH or VL)
polypeptide that specifically binds antigen. A "dAb" binds antigen
independently of other V domains; however, as the term is used
herein, a "dAb" can be present in a homo- or heteromultimer with
other VH or VL domains where the other domains are not required for
antigen binding by the dAb, i.e., where the dAb binds antigen
independently of the additional VH, VHH or VL domains. Single
immunoglobulin variable domains, for example, VHH, are the smallest
antigen-binding antibody unit known. For use in therapy, human
antibodies are preferred, primarily because they are not as likely
to provoke an immune response when administered to a patient.
Isolated non-camelid VH domains tend to be relatively insoluble and
are often poorly expressed. Comparisons of camelid VHH with the VH
domains of human antibodies reveals several key differences in the
framework regions of the camelid VHH domain corresponding to the
VR/VL interface of the human VH domains. Mutation of these residues
of human VH3 to more closely resemble the VHH sequence
(specifically Gly 44 Glu, Leu 45 Arg and Trp 47 Gly) has been
performed to produce "camelized" human VH domains (Davies &
Riechmann, 1994, FEBS Lett. 339: 285-290) in an attempt to yield
improved expression and solubility. Variable domain amino acid
numbering used herein is consistent with the Kabat numbering
convention (Kabat et al., 1991, Sequences of Immunological Merest,
5th ed. U.S. Dept. Health & Human Services, Washington,
D.C.).
[0007] WO 03/035694 (Muyldermans) reports that a Trp 103 Arg
mutation improves the solubility of non-camelid VH domains, Davies
& Riechmann, (1995, Biotechnology N.Y. 13: 475-479) also report
production of a phage-displayed repertoire of camelized human VH
domains and selection of clones that bind hapten with affinities in
the range of 100-400 nM, but clones selected for binding to protein
antigen had weaker affinities. The antigen binding domain of an
antibody comprises two separate regions: a heavy chain variable
domain (VH) and a light chain variable domain (VL: which can be
either V.kappa. or V.lamda.). The antigen binding site itself is
formed by six polypeptide loops: three from VH domain (H1, H2 and
H3) and three from VL domain (L1, L2 and L3). A diverse primary
repertoire of V genes that encode the VH and VL domains is produced
by the combinatorial rearrangement of gene segments. The VH gene is
produced by the recombination of three gene segments, VH, D and JH.
In humans, there are approximately 51 functional VH segments (Cook
and Tomlinson, 1995, Immunol. Today, 16: 237), 25 functional D
segments (Corbett et al., 1997 J. Mol. Biol., 268: 69) and 6
functional JH segments (Ravetch et al., 1981, Cell, 27: 583-591),
depending on the haplotype. The VH segment encodes the region of
the polypeptide chain which forms the first and second antigen
binding loops of the VH domain (H1 and H2), whilst the VH, D and JH
segments combine to form the third antigen binding loop of the VH
domain (H3). The VL gene is produced by the recombination of only
two gene segments, VL and JL. In humans, there are approximately 40
functional V.kappa. segments (Schable and Zachau (1993) Biol. Chem.
Hoppe Scyler, 374: 1001-1022), 31 functional V.lamda. segments
(Williams et al., 1996, J. Mol. Biol., 264: 220-232; Kawasaki et
al., 1997, Genome Res., 7: 250-261), 5 functional J.kappa. segments
(Hieter et al., 1982, J. Biol. Chef., 257: 1516-1522) and 4
functional J.lamda. segments (Vasicek and Leder, 1990, J. Exp.
Med., 172: 609-620), depending on the haplotype. The VL segment
encodes the region of the polypeptide chain which forms the first
and second antigen binding loops of the VL domain (L1 and L2),
whilst the VL and JL segments combine to form the third antigen
binding loop of the VL domain (L3).
[0008] Antibodies selected from this primary repertoire are
believed to be sufficiently diverse to bind almost all antigens
with at least moderate affinity. High affinity antibodies are
produced by "affinity maturation" of the rearranged genes, in which
point mutations are generated and selected by the immune system on
the basis of improved binding. Analysis of the structures and
sequences of antibodies has shown that five of the six antigen
binding loops (H1, H2, L1, L2, L3) possess a limited number of
main-chain conformations or canonical structures (Chothia and Lesk,
1987, Mol. Biol., 196; 901-917; Chothia al., 1989, Nature, 342:
877-883). The main-chain conformations are determined by (i) the
length of the antigen binding loop, and (ii) particular residues,
or types of residue, at certain key position in the antigen binding
loop and the antibody framework. Analysis of the loop lengths and
key residues has enabled us to predict the main-chain conformations
of H1, H2, L1, L2 and L3 encoded by the majority of human antibody
sequences (Chothia et al., 1992, J. Mol. Biol., 227: 799-817;
Tomlinson et al., 1995, EMBO J., 14; 4628-4638; Williams et al.,
1996, J. Mol. Biol., 264: 220-232). Although the H3 region is much
more diverse in terms of sequence, length and structure (due to the
use of D segments), it also forms a limited number of main-chain
conformations for short loop lengths which depend on the length and
the presence of particular residues, or types of residue, at key
positions in the loop and the antibody framework (Martin et al.,
1996, J. Mol. Biol, 263: 800-815; Shirai et al., 1996, FEBS
Letters, 399: 1-8).
[0009] Bispecific antibodies comprising complementary pairs of VH
and VL regions are known in the art. These bispecific antibodies
must comprise two pairs of VH and VLs, each VH/VL pair binding to a
single antigen or epitope. Methods described involve hybrid
hybridomas (Milstein & Cuello, Nature, 1983, 305:537-40),
minibodies (Hu et al., 1996, Cancer Res 30 56:3055-3061), diabodies
(Holliger et al., 1993, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90, 6444-6448;
WO 94/13804), chelating recombinant antibodies (CRAbs; Neri et al.,
1995, J. Mol. Biol. 246, 367-373), biscFv (e.g. Atwell et al.,
1996, Mol. Immunol. 33, 1301-1312), "knobs in holes" stabilized
antibodies (Carter et al., 1997, Protein Sci. 6, 781-788). In each
case, each antibody species comprises two antigen-binding sites,
each fashioned by a complementary pair of VH and VL domains. Each
antibody is thereby able to bind to two different antigens or
epitopes at the same time, with the binding to EACH antigen or
epitope mediated by a VH and its complementary VL domain. Each of
these techniques presents its particular disadvantages; for
instance in the case of hybrid hybridomas, inactive VH/VL pairs can
greatly reduce the fraction of bispecific IgG. Furthermore, most
bispecific approaches rely on the association of the different
VH/VL pairs or the association of VH and VL chains to recreate the
two different VH/VL binding sites. It is therefore impossible to
control the ratio of binding sites to each antigen or epitope in
the assembled molecule and thus many of the assembled molecules
will bind to one antigen or epitope but not the other. In some
cases it has been possible to engineer the heavy or light chains at
the sub-unit interfaces (Carter et al., 1997) in order to improve
the number of molecules which have binding sites to both antigens
or epitopes, but this never results in all molecules having binding
to both antigens or epitopes. There is some evidence that two
different antibody binding specificities might be incorporated into
the same binding site, but these generally represent two or more
specificities that correspond to structurally related antigens or
epitopes or to antibodies that are broadly cross-reactive. For
example, cross-reactive antibodies have been so described, usually
where the two antigens are related in sequence and structure, such
as hen egg white lysozyme and turkey lysozyme (McCafferty et al.,
WO 92/01047) or to free hapten and to hapten conjugated to carrier
(Griffiths et al., 1994, EMBO J 13:14 3245-60). In a further
example, WO 02/02773 (Abbott Laboratories) describes antibody
molecules with "dual specificity". The antibody molecules referred
to are antibodies raised or selected against multiple antigens,
such that their specificity spans more than a single antigen. Each
complementary VH/VL pair in the antibodies of WO 02/02773 specifies
a single binding specificity for two or more structurally related
antigens; the VH and VL domains in such complementary pairs do not
each possess a separate specificity. The antibodies thus have a
broad single specificity which encompasses two antigens, which are
structurally related. Furthermore natural autoantibodies have been
described that are polyreactive (Casali & Nolkins, 1989, Ann.
Rev. Immunol. 7, 515-531), reacting with at least two (usually
more) different antigens or epitopes mat are not structurally
related. It has also been shown that selections of random peptide
repertoires using phage display technology on a monoclonal antibody
will identify a range of peptide sequences that fit the antigen
binding site. Some of the sequences are highly related, fitting a
consensus sequence, whereas others are very different and have been
termed mimotopes (Lane & Stephen, 1993, Current Opinion in
Immunology, 5,268-271). It is therefore clear that a natural
four-chain antibody, comprising associated and complementary VH and
VL domains, has the potential to bind to many different antigens
from a large universe of known antigens. It is less clear how to
create a binding site to two given antigens in the same antibody,
particularly those which are not necessarily structurally related.
Protein engineering methods have been suggested that may have a
bearing on this. For example, it has also been proposed that a
catalytic antibody could be created with a binding activity to a
metal ion through one variable domain, and to a hapten (substrate)
through contacts with the metal ion and a complementary variable
domain (Barbae et al, 1993, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci USA
90,6385-6389). However in this case, the binding and catalysis of
the substrate (first antigen) is proposed to require the binding of
the metal ion (second antigen). Thus the binding to the VH/VL
pairing relates to a single but multi component antigen. Methods
have been described for the creation of bispecific antibodies from
camel antibody heavy chain single domains in which binding contacts
for one antigen are created in one variable domain, and for a
second antigen in a second variable domain. However the variable
domains were not complementary. Thus a first heavy chain variable
domain is selected against a first antigen, and a second heavy
chain variable domain against a second antigen, and then both
domains are linked together on the same chain to give a bispecific
antibody fragment (Conrath et al, J. Biol. Chem. 270, 27589-27594).
However the camel heavy chain single domains are unusual in that
they are derived from natural camel antibodies which have no light
chains, and indeed the heavy chain single domains are unable to
associate with camel light chains to form complementary VH and VL
pairs. Single heavy chain variable domains have also been
described, derived from natural antibodies which are normally
associated with light chains (from monoclonal antibodies or from
repertoires of domains; see EP-A-0368684). These heavy chain
variable domains have been shown to interact specifically with one
or more related antigens but have not been combined with other
heavy or light chain variable domains to create a ligand with
specificity for two or more different antigens. Furthermore, these
single domains have been shown to have a very short in viva
half-life. Therefore, such domains are of limited therapeutic
value. It has been suggested to make bispecific antibody fragments
by linking heavy chain variable domains of different specificity
together (as described above). The disadvantage with this approach
is that isolated antibody variable domains may have a hydrophobic
interface that normally makes interactions with the light chain and
is exposed to solvent and may be "sticky" allowing the single
domain to bind to hydrophobic surfaces. Furthermore, in the absence
of a partner light chain, the combination of two or more different
heavy chain variable domains and their association, possibly via
their hydrophobic interfaces, may prevent them from binding to one
or both of the ligands they are able to bind in isolation.
Moreover, in this case the heavy chain variable domains would not
be associated with complementary light chain variable domains and
thus may be less stable and readily unfold (Worn & Pluckthun,
1998, Biochemistry 37:13120-7).
[0010] Human/mouse chimeric antibodies have been created in which
antibody variable region sequences from the mouse genome are
combined with antibody constant region sequences from the human
genome. The chimeric antibodies exhibit the binding characteristics
of the parental mouse antibody, and the effector functions
associated with the human constant region. The antibodies are
produced by expression in a host cell, including for example
Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO). NS0 myeloma cells, COS cells and SP2
cells.
[0011] Such chimeric antibodies have been used inhuman therapy,
however antibodies to these chimeric antibodies have been produced
by the human recipient. Such anti-chimeric antibodies are
detrimental to continued therapy with chimeric antibodies.
[0012] It has been suggested that human monoclonal antibodies are
expected to be an improvement over mouse monoclonal antibodies for
in vivo human therapy. From work done with antibodies from Old
World primates (rhesus monkeys and chimpanzees) it has been
postulated mat these non-human primate antibodies will be tolerated
in humans because they are structurally similar to human antibodies
(Ehrlich PH et al., 1988, Human and primate monoclonal antibodies
for in vivo therapy. Clin Chem. 34:9 pg 1681-1688). Furthermore,
because human antibodies are non-immunogenic in Rhesus monkeys
(Ehrlich et al., 1987, Hybridoma; 6:151-60), it is likely that the
converse is also applicable and primate antibodies will be
non-immunogenic in humans. These monoclonal antibodies are secreted
by hybridomas constructed by fusing lymphocytes to a human x mouse
heteromyeloma.
[0013] EP 0 605 442 discloses chimeric antibodies which bind human
antigens. These antibodies comprise the whole variable region from
an Old World monkey and the constant region of a human or
chimpanzee antibody. One of the advantages suggested in this
reference for these constructs is the ability to raise antibodies
in Old World monkeys to human antigens which are less immunogenic
in humans compared with antibodies raised in a mouse host.
[0014] New World primates (infraorder--Platyrrhini) comprise at
least 53 species commonly divided into two families, the
Callithricidae and Cebidae. The Callithricidae consist of marmosets
and tamarins. The Cebidae includes the squirrel monkey, titi
monkey, spider monkey, woolly monkey, capuchin, uakaris, sakis,
night or owl monkey and the howler monkey.
[0015] Evolutionarily distant primates, such as New World primates,
are not only sufficiently different from humans to allow antibodies
against human antigens to be generated, but are sufficiently
similar lo humans to have antibodies similar to human antibodies so
that the host does not generate an anti-antibody immune response
when such primate-derived antibodies are introduced into a
human.
[0016] Previous studies have characterised the expressed
immunoglobulin heavy chain repertoire of the Callithrix jacchus
marmoset (von Budingen et al., 2001, Immunogenetics; 53:557-563).
Six IGHV subgroups were identified which showed a high degree of
sequence similarity to their human IGHV counterparts. The framework
regions were more conserved when compared to the complementarity
determining regions (CDRs). The degree of similarity between C.
jacchus and human 1GHV sequences was less than between non-human
Old World primates and humans.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0017] In a first aspect the present invention provides a chimeric
antibody polypeptide comprising an antigen binding site, wherein
the antigen binding site comprises a human variable domain having
at least one New World Primate CDR.
[0018] In a second aspect the present invention provides a method
of producing an antibody polypeptide according to the first aspect
of the invention, the method comprising the steps of: [0019] (i)
providing an acceptor sequence encoding a human variable domain;
and [0020] (ii) replacing a CDR sequence of the variable domain
with a donor CDR sequence, wherein the donor sequence is a New
World Primate CDR sequence.
[0021] In a third aspect the present invention provides a chimeric
domain antibody (dAb) which binds human TNF-.alpha., the dAb
comprising an immunoglobulin heavy or light chain variable domain,
wherein said variable domain comprises at least one New World
Primate CDR.
[0022] In a fourth aspect the present invention provides a
pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective amount of an
antibody polypeptide according to the first or third aspects of the
invention, together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or
diluent.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGSURES
[0023] FIG. 1 shows the amino acid (SEQ ID No:6) and nucleotide
sequence (SEQ ID No:5) of the acceptor dAb.
[0024] FIG. 2 shows the nucleotide and amino acid sequences of
eleven (11) marmoset and six. (6) Owl monkey V.kappa. gene
segments.
[0025] FIG. 3 shows the acceptor dAb amino acid and nucleotide
sequence (both strands). The restriction digest sites for Kpn I and
San DI which excises a region including the CDR2 is indicated in
the figure. CDR2 residues removed are indicated in underline.
[0026] FIG. 4 shows sequence alignments showing oligonucleotides
used during cloning and final sequence confirmation of the
nucleotide (A) and amino acid (B) sequences shown in FIG. 2.
[0027] FIG. 5 demonstrates the ability of CDR2-grafted dAbs to
inhibit the binding of TNF to recombinant TNF receptor. The dAbs
tested were as follows: Owl Monkey 1 (CDR=YAATKLQS; SEQ ID No:1),
Owl Monkey 2 (CDR=YEASSLQS; SEQ ID No:2), Marmoset 1 (CDR=YEASKLQS;
SEQ ID No:3), Marmoset 2 (CDR=YSASNLET; SEQ ID No:4) and Acceptor
dAb (CDR=YSASELQS; SEQ ID No:49).
[0028] FIG. 6 demonstrates the improved ability of Compounds 100
and 123 to neutralise the cytotoxic activity of TNF on mouse L929
fibroblasts relative to Compound 145.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0029] In a first aspect the present invention provides a chimeric
antibody polypeptide comprising an antigen binding site, wherein
the antigen binding site comprises a human variable domain having
at least one New World Primate CDR.
[0030] In a third aspect the present invention provides a chimeric
domain antibody (dAb) which binds human TNF-.alpha., the dAb
comprising an immunoglobulin heavy or light chain variable domain,
wherein said variable domain comprises at least one New World
Primate CDR.
[0031] In a fourth aspect the present invention provides a
pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective amount of an
antibody polypeptide according to the first or third aspects of the
invention, together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or
diluent.
[0032] In an embodiment of the present invention the human variable
domain comprises at least one human framework region having an
amino acid sequence encoded by a human germline antibody gene
segment, or an amino acid sequence comprising up to 5 amino acid
differences relative to the amino acid sequence encoded by the
human germline antibody gene segment.
[0033] The human variable domain preferably comprises four human
framework regions, FR1, FR2, FR3 and FR4 having amino acid
sequences encoded by a human germline antibody gene segment, or the
amino acid sequences which collectively contain up to 10 ammo acid
differences relative to the amino acid sequences encoded by said
human germline antibody gene segment.
[0034] Preferably the human germline antibody gene segment selected
from the group consisting of DP47, DP45, DP48 and DPK9.
[0035] The New World Primate CDR may be any CDR, however, it is
preferred that the New World Primate CDR is CDR2.
[0036] Alternatively the New World Primate CDR is CDR1 or CDR3.
[0037] It is also preferred that the New World Primate CDR sequence
is a germline New World Primate CDR sequence.
[0038] The antibody polypeptide of the present invention is
preferably selected from a dAb, scFv, Fab, (Fab').sub.2, Fv,
disulphide bonded Fv, IgG, and a diabody.
[0039] The antibody polypeptide of the present invention is
preferably directed against TNF-.alpha..
[0040] In another preferred embodiment the human variable domain
amino acid sequence comprises a Kpn1 restriction site spaced from a
SanD1 restriction site, said CDR of the human variable domain being
between the restriction sites.
[0041] It is also preferred that the New World Primate CDR sequence
is obtainable from New World Primate DNA by PCR using primer pair
VK1BL (SEQ ID No:11)/VK1BL35a (SEQ ID No:12) or primer pair VK1BL
(SEQ ID No:11/VK1BL35b (SEQ ID No:13).
[0042] The present invention also provides a chimeric domain
antibody (dAb) which binds to human TNF-.alpha., wherein the dAb is
a human dAb that binds human TNF-.alpha. in which at least one of
the CDRs is replaced with the corresponding CDR from a New World
Primate.
[0043] The present invention also provides a method of producing an
antibody polypeptide according to the first aspect of the
invention, the method comprising the steps of: [0044] (i) providing
an acceptor sequence encoding a human variable domain; and [0045]
(ii) replacing a CDR sequence of the variable domain with a donor
CDR sequence, wherein the donor sequence is a New World Primate CDR
sequence.
[0046] It is preferred that in step (ii) said CDR of said human
variable domain is replaced by said donor New World Primate CDR
using restriction digestion and annealing of an oligonucleotide
encoding the donor CDR into the acceptor sequence.
[0047] It is preferred that the method further comprises affinity
maturing the variable domain produced in step (ii).
[0048] As used herein the term "New World Primate CDR" refers to a
CDR sequence obtained from a New World Primate. The term
encompasses modification of 1, 2 or 3 ammo acids within the
sequence which may be used to achieve improved antigen binding
characteristics or lower immunogenicity. The term does not,
however, extend to cover modifications which result in the New
World Primate CDR sequence being identical to a human CDR
sequence.
[0049] As used herein the term "human framework region" refers to a
framework region obtained from a human or a human framework region
having an amino acid sequence encoded by a human germline antibody
gene segment, or an amino acid sequence comprising up to 5 amino
acid differences relative to the amino acid sequence encoded by the
human germline gene segment. The term also encompasses modification
of the amino acid sequence of the framework region in order to
obtain improved antigen binding characteristics or lower
immunogenicity such as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,816,567, U.S.
Pat. No. 5,585,089 and US 20030039649 the disclosures of which are
incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. Typically where
modifications are made the total number of residues changed will be
10 or less collectively over the framework regions.
[0050] In a preferred embodiment the variable domain comprises four
framework regions, wherein at least one framework region comprises
an amino acid sequence derived from a corresponding framework
region encoded by a human germline immunoglobulin gene.
[0051] In a further preferred embodiment the four framework regions
comprise amino acid sequences derived from corresponding framework
regions encoded by human germline immunoglobulin genes.
[0052] In yet a further preferred embodiment the human germline
immunoglobulin gene is selected from the group consisting of DP47,
DP45, DP48 and DPK9.
[0053] The term "domain" as used herein is meant a folded protein
structure which retains its tertiary structure independently of the
rest of the protein. Generally, domains are responsible for
discrete functional properties of proteins, and in many cases may
be added, removed or transferred to other proteins without loss of
function of the remainder of the protein and/or of the domain.
[0054] The term immunoglobulin or antibody "variable domain" as
used herein is a term of art, and includes a folded polypeptide
domain comprising sequences characteristic of immunoglobulin or
antibody heavy or light chain variable domains and which
specifically binds an antigen.
[0055] The term "immunoglobulin" as used herein refers to a family
of polypeptides which retain the immunoglobulin fold characteristic
of antibody molecules, which contains two .beta. sheets and,
usually, a conserved disulphide bond. Members of the immunoglobulin
superfamily are involved in many aspects of cellular and
non-cellular interactions in vivo, including widespread roles in
the immune system (for example, antibodies, T-cell receptor
molecules and the like), involvement in cell adhesion (for example
the ICAM molecules) and intracellular signalling (for example,
receptor molecules, such as the PDGF receptor). The present
invention is applicable to all immunoglobulin superfamily molecules
which possess binding domains. Preferably, the present invention
relates to antibody polypeptides.
[0056] New World primates (infraorder--Platyrrhini) comprise at
least 53 species commonly divided into two families, the
Callithricidae and Cebidae. The Callithricidae consist of marmosets
and tamarins. The Cebidae includes the squirrel monkey, titi
monkey, spider monkey, woolly monkey, capuchin, uakaris, sakis,
night or owl monkey and the howler monkey.
[0057] Evolutionarily distant primates, such as New World primates,
are not only sufficiently different from humans to allow antibodies
against human antigens to be generated, but are sufficiently
similar to humans to have antibodies similar to human antibodies so
that the host does not generate an anti-antibody immune response
when such primate-derived antibodies are introduced into a
human.
[0058] Previous studies have characterised the expressed
immunoglobulin heavy chain repertoire of the Callithrix jacchus
marmoset (von Budingen H-C et al., 2001, Immunogenetics;
53:557-563). Six IGHV subgroups were identified which showed a high
degree of sequence similarity to their human IGHV counterparts. The
framework regions were more conserved when compared to the
complementarity determining regions (CDRs). The degree of
similarity between C. jacchus and human IGHV sequences was less
than between non-human Old World primates and humans.
[0059] In certain embodiments of the present invention the New
World primate CDR is from the family Callithricidae.
[0060] In yet a further embodiment of the present invention the New
World primate CDR is selected from the group consisting of
marmosets, tamarins, squirrel monkey, titi monkey, spider monkey,
woolly monkey, capuchin, uakaris, sakis, night or owl monkey and
the howler monkey. More preferably, the New World primate is a
marmoset.
[0061] In yet a further embodiment of the present invention the at
least one New World primate CDR is substantially identical to a CDR
encoded by a New World primate germline immunoglobulin gene.
[0062] The term "antibody" as used herein, is intended to refer to
immunoglobulin molecules comprised of two heavy chains or
immunoglobulin molecules comprised of four polypeptide chains, two
heavy (H) chains and two light (L) chains inter-connected by
disulfide bonds. Each heavy chain is comprised of a heavy chain
variable region (HCVR or V.sub.H) and a heavy chain constant
region. The heavy chain constant region comprises three domains,
C.sub.H1, C.sub.H2 and C.sub.H3. Each light chain is comprised of a
light chain variable region (LCVR or V.sub.L) and a light chain
constant region. The light chain constant region is comprised of
one domain, C.sub.L. The V.sub.H and V.sub.L regions can be further
subdivided into regions of hypervariability, termed complementarity
determining regions (CDR), interspersed with regions that are more
conserved, termed framework regions (PR). Each V.sub.H and V.sub.L
is composed of three CDRs and four FRs, arranged from
amino-terminus to carboxy-terminus in the following order: FR1,
CDR1, FR2, CDR2, FR3, CDR3, FR4.
[0063] The term "antibody polypeptide" as used herein refers to a
polypeptide comprising one or more components or derivatives of an
immunoglobulin that exhibit the ability to bind to an antigen. It
has been shown that the antigen-binding function of an antibody can
be performed by fragments of a full length antibody. Examples of
binding fragments encompassed within the term "antibody
polypeptide" include (i) a Fab fragment, a monovalent fragment
consisting of the V.sub.L, V.sub.H, C.sub.L and C.sub.H1 domains;
(ii) a F(ab').sub.2 fragment, a bivalent fragment comprising two
Fab fragments linked by a disulfide bridge at the hinge region;
(iii) a Fd fragment consisting of the V.sub.H and C.sub.H1 domains;
(iv) a Fv fragment consisting of the V.sub.L and V.sub.H domains of
a single arm of an antibody, (v) a dAb fragment (Ward et al, 1989,
Nature 341:544-546) which consists of a single V.sub.H domain, or a
V.sub.L domain (van den Beucken et al, 2001, J. Mol. Biol, 310,
591-601); and (vi) an isolated complementarity determining region
(CDR). Furthermore, although the two domains of the Fv fragment,
V.sub.L and V.sub.H, are coded by separate genes, they can be
joined, using recombinant methods, by a synthetic linker that
enables them to be made as a single protein chain in which the
V.sub.L and V.sub.H regions pair to form monovalent molecules
(known as single chain Fv (scFv); (see eg Bird et al., 1988,
Science 242:423-426 and Huston et al., 1988 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.
USA 85:5879-5883). Such single chain Fvs are also intended to be
encompassed within the term "antigen-binding portion" of an
antibody. Other forms of single chain Fvs and related molecules
such as diabodies or triabodies are also encompassed. Diabodies are
bivalent antibodies in which V.sub.H and V.sub.L domains are
expressed on a single polypeptide chain, but using a linker that is
too short to allow for pairing between the two domains on the same
chain, thereby forcing the domains to pair with complementary
domains of another chain and creating two antigen binding sites
(see e.g., Holliger, et al., 1993, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA,
90:6444-6448; Poljak, et al., 1994, Structure, 2:1121-1123).
[0064] Thus in certain embodiments of the present invention the
antibody polypeptide is selected from the group consisting of a
dAb, scFv, Fab, F(ab').sub.2, Fv, disulphide bonded Fv, a diabody
and IgG.
[0065] Preferably, the antibody polypeptide further comprises a
human or non-human primate constant region sequence. Examples of
non-human primates include, but are not limited to, chimpanzees,
oranguatangs and baboons.
[0066] The constant region sequence (Fc portion) is preferably
obtained from a human or non-human primate immunoglobulin sequence.
The primate sequence may be a New World primate or an Old World
primate sequence. Suitable Old World primates include chimpanzee,
or other hominid ape eg. gorilla or orangutan, which because of
their close phylogenetic proximity to humans, share a high degree
of homology with the human constant region sequence. Sequences
which encode for human or primate constant regions are available
from databases including e.g. The National Centre for Biotechnology
Information protein and nucleotide databases, The Kabat Database of
Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest.
[0067] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention the
antibody polypeptide is a domain antibody (dAb).
[0068] Domain antibodies (dAb) are small functioning binding units
of antibodies and correspond to the variable regions of either the
heavy (V.sub.H) or light (V.sub.L) chains of antibodies. Domain
antibodies have a molecular weight of approximately 13 kDa, or less
than one tenth the size of a full antibody.
[0069] Antibody light chains are referred to as either kappa or
lambda light chains and the heavy chains as gamma, mu, delta, alpha
or epsilon. The variable region gives the antibody its specificity.
Within each variable region are regions of hypervariability,
otherwise known as complementarity determining regions (CDRs) which
are flanked by more conserved regions referred to as framework
regions. Within each variable region are three CDRs and four
framework regions.
[0070] In contrast to conventional antibodies, domain antibodies
are well expressed in bacterial, yeast and mammalian systems. Their
small size allows for higher molar quantities per gram or product,
thus providing a significant increase in potency per dose. In
addition, domain antibodies can be used as a building block to
create therapeutic products such as multiple targeting dAbs in
which a construct containing two or more variable domains bind to
two or more therapeutic targets, or dAbs targeted for pulmonary or
oral administration.
[0071] An increase in binding is demonstrated by a decrease in
K.sub.D (k.sub.off/k.sub.on) for the antibody or antigen binding
portion thereof. An increase in potency is demonstrated in
biological assays. For example, assays that can be used to measure
the potency of the antibody or antigen-binding portion thereof
include the TNF.alpha.-induced L929 cytotoxicity neutralisation
assay, IL-12-induced human PHA-activated peripheral blood
mononuclear cell (PBMC) proliferation assay, and RANKL mediated
osteoclast differentiation of mouse splenocytes (Stem, 1990, Proc.
Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87:6808-6812; Kong, et al., 1990, Nature
397:315-323; Matthews and Neale in Lymphokines and Interferons, a
Practical Approach, 1987, M. J. Clemens, A. G. Morris and A. J. H.
Gearing, eds., IRL Press, p. 221).
[0072] The CDR sequences may be obtained from several sources, for
example, databases e.g. The National Centre for Biotechnology
Information protein and nucleotide databases www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov,
The Kabat Database of Sequences of Proteins of Immunological
Interest www.kabatdatabase.com, or the IMGT database
www.imgt.cines.fr. Alternatively, the CDR regions can be predicted
from the V.sub.H and V.sub.L domain repertoire (see for example
Kabat and Wu, 1971, Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 190:382-393). The CDR
sequence may be a genomic DNA or a cDNA.
[0073] There are a number of ways in which a replacement CDR may be
grafted into a variable domain sequence and such methods will be
familiar to those skilled in the art. The preferred method of the
present invention involves replacement of the CDR2 in the variable
region domain via primer directed mutagenesis. This method consists
of annealing a synthetic oligonucleotide encoding a desired
mutations to a target region where it serves as a primer for
initiation of DNA synthesis in vitro, extending the oligonucleotide
by a DNA polymerase to generate a double-stranded DNA that carries
the desired mutations, and ligating and cloning the sequence into
an appropriate expression vector.
[0074] In one embodiment of the invention, the variable domain
sequence into which the CDR is grafted is the "dAb acceptor
sequence" (designated Compound 128; SEQ ID No:6) provided in FIG.
1.
[0075] As used herein the term "chimeric" is meant that the
antibody polypeptide or domain antibody includes sequences from
more than one species.
[0076] The anti-human TNF-.alpha. dAb according to the invention
can be used to detect human TNF-.alpha. for example in a biological
sample, such as serum or plasma using a conventional immunoassay,
such as an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), a
radioimmunoassay (RIA) or tissue immunohistochemistry. The
anti-human TNF-.alpha. dAb according to the invention can be
assayed in biological fluids by a competition immunoassay using
recombinant human TNF-.alpha. standards label led with a detectable
substance and an unlabelled anti-human TNF-.alpha. antibody.
[0077] The anti-human TNF-.alpha. dAb according to the invention
may also be used to detect TNF-.alpha. from species other than
humans eg. chimpanzee, marmoset, rhesus, mouse, pig.
[0078] The anti-human TNF-.alpha. dAb according to the invention
may also be used in cell culture applications where it is desired
to inhibit TNF-.alpha. activity.
[0079] The invention also provides a method for treating a disorder
characterised by human TNF-.alpha. activity in a human subject,
comprising administering to the subject a pharmaceutical
composition according to the second aspect of the invention.
[0080] A disorder characterised by human TNF-.alpha. activity is
intended to include diseases and other disorders in which the
presence of TNF-.alpha. in a subject suffering from the disorder
has been shown to be or is suspected of being either responsible
for the pathophysiology of the disorder or a factor which
contributes to a worsening of the disorder. Preferably, the
disorder characterised by human TNF-.alpha. activity is selected
from the group consisting of inflammation, inflammatory diseases,
sepsis, including septic shock, endotoxic shock, gram negative
sepsis and toxic shock syndrome; autoimmune disease, including
rheumatoid arthritis, rheumatoid spondylitis, osteoarthritis and
gouty arthritis, allergy, multiple sclerosis, autoimmune diabetes,
autoimmune uveitis and nephrotic syndrome; infectious disease,
including fever and myalgias due to infection and cachexia
secondary to infection; graft versus host disease; tumour growth or
metastasis; pulmonary disorders including adult respiratory
distress syndrome, shock lung, chronic pulmonary inflammatory
disease, pulmonary sarcoidosis, pulmonary fibrosis and silicosis;
inflammatory bowel disorders including Crohn's disease and
ulcerative colitis; cardiac disorders; inflammatory bone disorders,
hepatitis, coagulation disturbances, burns, reperfusion injury,
keloid formation and scar tissue formation.
[0081] In a fourth aspect, the invention provides a pharmaceutical
composition comprising an effective amount of the antibody
polypeptide according to the first aspect of the invention or a
chimeric domain antibody according to the third aspect of the
invention, together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or
diluent.
[0082] A "pharmaceutically acceptable carrier" includes any and all
solvents, dispersion media, coatings, antibacterial and
antifungal-agents, isotonic and absorption delaying agents, and the
like which are physiologically compatible. Examples of
pharmaceutically acceptable carriers include one or more of water,
saline, phosphate buffered saline, dextrose, glycerol, ethanol, and
the like as well as combinations thereof. In many cases it will be
preferable to include isotonic agents, for example, sugars,
polyalcohols such as mannitol, sorbitol, or sodium chloride in the
composition. Pharmaceutically acceptable substances such as welling
or minor amounts of auxiliary substances such as wetting or
emulsifying agents, preservatives or buffers.
[0083] The composition may be in a variety of forms, including
liquid, semi-solid and solid dosage forms, such as liquid solutions
(eg injectable and infusible solutions), dispersions or
suspensions, tablets, pills, powders, liposomes and suppositories.
Preferably, the composition is in the form of an injectable
solution for immunization. The administration may be intravenous,
subcutaneous, intraperitoneal, intramuscular, transdermal,
intrathecal, and intra-arterial.
[0084] Therapeutic compositions typically must be sterile and
stable under the conditions of manufacture and storage. The
compositions can be formulated as a solution, microemulsion,
dispersion, liposome, or other ordered structure suitable to high
drug concentration. Sterile injectable solutions can be prepared by
incorporating the active compound (i.e. antibody polypeptide) into
the required amount in an appropriate solvent with one or a
combination of ingredients listed above, followed by filtered
sterilisation.
[0085] The composition may also be formulated as a sterile powder
for the preparation of sterile injectable solutions. The proper
fluidity of a solution can be maintained by for example, use of a
coating such as lecithin and/or surfactants.
[0086] In certain embodiments, the active compound may be prepared
with a carrier that will protect the compound against rapid
release, such as a controlled release formulation, including
implants, transdermal patches, and microencapsulated delivery
systems.
[0087] Compatible polymers may be used such as ethylene vinyl
acetate, polyanhydrides, polyglycolic acid, collagen,
polyorthoesters and polylactic acid.
[0088] The composition may also be formulated for oral
administration. In this embodiment, the antibody polypeptide may be
enclosed in a hard or soft shell gelatin capsule, compressed into
tablets, or incorporated directly into the subject's diet.
[0089] The composition may also be formulated for rectal
administration.
[0090] Supplementary active compounds can also be incorporated into
the composition. The antibody polypeptide may be co-formulated with
and/or co-administered with one or more additional therapeutic
agents eg. anti-inflammatory compounds, soluble TNF-.alpha.
receptor or a chemical agent that inhibits human TNF-.alpha.
production, or antibodies that bind other targets such as cytokines
or cell surface molecules. Alternatively, it may be co-administered
with a soluble immunochemical reagent such as protein A, C, G or
L.
[0091] An effective amount may include a therapeutically effective
amount or prophylactically effective amount of the antibody
polypeptide of the invention. A therapeutically effective amount
refers to an amount effective at dosages and for periods of time
necessary, to achieve the desired therapeutic result. A
prophylactically effective amount refers to an amount effective, at
dosages and for periods of lime necessary, to achieve the desired
prophylactic result.
[0092] In a preferred embodiment the composition is administered to
mammals, preferably humans or primates.
[0093] In order that the nature of the present invention may be
more clearly understood, preferred forms thereof will now be
described with reference to the following non-limiting
examples.
EXAMPLE 1
[0094] Materials and Methods
[0095] Isolation of New World Primate VL Genes
[0096] Marmoset (genus Callidirix, species unknown) and Owl monkey
(Aotus trivirgatus) genomic DNA were obtained from the European
Collection of Cell Cultures (ECACC), catalogue numbers 85011419 and
90110510 respectively. Marmoset DNA was derived from cell line
B95-8 while Owl monkey DNA came from cell line OMK 637-69.
[0097] Degenerate primers based on human V.kappa. leader sequences
and recombination signal sequences (RSS) were derived from Walter
and Tomlinson, Antibody Engineering: A Practical Approach (1996).
The primers used for amplification of germline V.kappa. DNA were as
follows:
TABLE-US-00001 Primer VK1BL AATCKCAGGTKCCAGATG (SEQ ID No: 11)
Primer VK1BL35a GTTYRGGTKKGTAACACT (SEQ ID No: 12) Primer VK1BL35b
ATGMCTTGTWACACTGTG (SEQ ID No: 13)
[0098] Genomic PCR (30 cycles) was performed using Taq polymerase
with either primer pair VK1BLxVK1BL35a or VK1LxVK1BL35b. There was
overlap between the sequences cloned and the two primer sets
used.
[0099] PCR products were cloned into Invitrogen's TOPO TA cloning
kit (Cat No K4500-01) and sequenced with M13 forward and pUC
reverse primers. Sequence was confirmed in forward and reverse
directions. In order to further confirm key sequences were not
subject, to PCR errors, the PCR and cloning process was repeated
twice for marmoset sequences. Nucleotide (SEQ ID Nos:14-24 and SEQ
ID Nos:36-41) and amino acid (SEQ ID Nos:25-35 and SEQ ID
Nos:42-47) sequences are given in FIG. 2. Marmoset sequences 1, 2
and 3 were confirmed. Sequences 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 were seen only in
the initial PCR. Sequences 9, 10 and 11 were seen only in the
repeat (i.e. second) PCR and cloning.
[0100] Oligo Synthesis and Cloning into Acceptor Sequence
[0101] Four CDR sequences, namely YAATKLQS (SEQ ID No:1) from Owl
monkey sequence 1 (SEQ ID No:42), YEASSLQS (SEQ ID No:2) from Owl
monkey sequence 2 (SEQ ID No:43), YEASKLQS (SEQ ID No:3) from
Marmoset sequence 1 (SEQ ID No:25), and YSASNLET (SEQ ID No:4) from
Marmoset sequence 2 (SEQ ID No:26), were chosen from the amino acid
sequences shown in FIG. 2 as indicated. Owl Monkey sequence 5,
YYASSLQS (SEQ ID No:48) was found to be identical to GI6176295 an
Aotus nancymaae (Ma's night monkey) cDNA sequence, all other
sequences were unique.
[0102] An acceptor variable region (anti-TNF domain antibody)
sequence in the expression vector (Domantis proprietary vector) was
digested (25 .mu.g) sequentially with KpnI and SanDI which excises
the majority of FR2 as well as CDR2 as indicated on the restriction
digest map. The vector was then gel purified to remove the excised
wild-type FR2 and CDR2 sequence.
[0103] Oligo annealing was performed by incubating oligo pairs (500
pmol of each as shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B) at 95.degree. C. for 5
minutes followed by 65.degree. C. for 5 minutes and then allowed to
reach room temperature slowly on a hot block. Overlaps were then
filled in during a Klenow reaction in the presence of dNTPs.
[0104] Affinity Maturation
[0105] The marmoset CDR-grafted dAb Compound 145 (SEQ ID No:7) was
affinity matured by constructing 14 separate libraries, each a
diversification of the sequence of SEQ ID No:7 at a single amino
acid residue. The selected residues are shown shaded below.
##STR00001##
[0106] The selection was based upon residues in CDR1 and CDR3 that
are known to be diversified in the mature human Ig repertoire, and
framework residues that have been observed to produce functional
proteins after mutagenesis in related dAbs. For each of the
selected residues, complimentary forward and reverse PCR primer
pairs were designed with NKK degeneracy, and two initial PCR
reactions were performed each with a single mutagenic primer and
flanking primer. After clean-up, the two PCR products were annealed
and then amplified using flanking primers alone (splicing by
overlap extension of PCR; Lowman H. L. & Clackson T. (eds),
Phage Display: A practical approach, Oxford University Press ,
Oxford, UK). Clones were initially screened by ELISA using
solid-phase TNF, and positive clones were sequenced. dAb protein
was purified from the best clones and evaluated for potency in
receptor binding assays and L929 cytotoxicity assays. Compounds 100
(SEQ ID No:9) and 123 (SEQ ID No:8) were found to have improved
TNF-neutralization relative to the parent dAb, Compound 145 (SEQ ID
No:7).
[0107] Combination of the affinity-enhancing substitutions of
Compounds 100 (SEQ ID No:9) and 123 (SEQ ID No:8), yielded an
anti-TNF dAb with further improved potency in the L929 cytotoxicity
assay (Compound 196; SEQ ID No:10).
[0108] Results
[0109] Potency of Anti-TNF dAb Clones in Receptor Binding Assay
(RBA) and Cytotoxocity Assay
[0110] The ability of the anti-TNF dAbs to inhibit TNF binding to
its receptor and to neutralize TNF-mediated cytotoxicity of L929
cells was conducted as follows:
[0111] Receptor Binding Assay
[0112] dAbs diversified in the 14 selected positions were tested
for the ability to inhibit the binding of TNF to recombinant TNF
receptor 1 (p55). Briefly, Maxisorp plates were incubated overnight
with 30 mg/ml anti-human Fc mouse monoclonal antibody (Zymed, San
Francisco, USA). The wells were washed with phosphate buffered
saline (PBS) containing 0.05% Tween-20 and then blocked with 1% BSA
in PBS before being incubated with 100 ng/ml TNF receptor 1 Fc
fusion protein (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, USA). Each dAb was
mixed with TNF which was added to the washed wells at a final
concentration of 10 ng/ml. TNF binding was detected with 0.2 mg/ml
biotinylated anti-TNF antibody (HyCult biotechnology, Uben,
Netherlands) followed by 1 in 500 dilution of horse radish
peroxidase labelled streptavidin (Amersham Biosciences, UK) and
then incubation with TMB substrate (KPL, Gaithersburg, USA). The
reaction was stopped by the addition of HCl and the absorbance was
read at 450 nm. Anti-TNF dAb activity lead to a decrease in TNF
binding and therefore a decrease in absorbance compared with the
TNF only control (FIG. 5).
[0113] L929 Cytotoxicity Assay
[0114] Anti-TNF dAbs identified by the minilibrary diversification
approach, including Compounds 100 (SEQ ID No:9) and 123 (SEQ ID
No:8), were also tested for the ability to neutralise the cytotoxic
activity of TNF on mouse L929 fibroblasts (Evans, T., 2000,
Molecular Biotechnology 15, 243-248). Briefly, L929 cells plated in
microtitre plates were incubated overnight, with anti-TNF dAb, 100
pg/ml TNF and 1 mg/ml actinomycin D (Sigma, Poole, UK). Cell
viability was measured by reading absorbance at 490 nm following an
incubation with
[3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carbboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfopheny-
l)-2H-tetrazolium (Promega, Madison, USA). Anti-TNF dAb activity
lead to a decrease in TNF cytotoxicity and therefore an increase in
absorbance compared with the TNF only control. The results, in
comparison with the parent dAb Compound 145 (SEQ ID No:7) are
presented in FIG. 6.
[0115] Throughout this specification the word "comprise", or
variations such as "comprises" or "comprising", will be understood
to imply the inclusion of a stated clement, integer or step, or
group of elements, integers or steps, but not the exclusion of any
other element, integer or step, or group of elements, integers or
steps.
[0116] All publications mentioned in this specification are herein
incorporated by reference. Any discussion of documents, acts,
materials, devices, articles or the like which has been included in
the present specification is solely for the purpose of providing a
context for the present invention. It is not to be taken as an
admission that any or all of these matters form part of the prior
art base or were common general knowledge in the field relevant to
the present invention as it existed in Australia or elsewhere
before the priority date of each claim of this application.
[0117] It will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that
numerous variations and/or modifications may be made to the
invention as shown in the specific embodiments without departing
from the spirit or scope of the invention as broadly described. The
present embodiments are, therefore, lobe considered in all respects
as illustrative and not restrictive.
Sequence CWU 1
1
7418PRTAotus trivirgatus 1Tyr Ala Ala Thr Lys Leu Gln Ser1
528PRTAotus trivirgatus 2Tyr Glu Ala Ser Ser Leu Gln Ser1
538PRTCallithrix 3Tyr Glu Ala Ser Lys Leu Gln Ser1 548PRTCallithrix
4Tyr Ser Ala Ser Asn Leu Glu Thr1 55324DNAArtificial
SequenceSynthetic construct 5gacatccaga tgacccagtc tccatcctct
ctgtctgcat ctgtaggaga ccgtgtcacc 60atcacttgcc gggcaagtca gagcattgat
agttatttac attggtacca gcagaaacca 120gggaaagccc ctaagctcct
gatctatagt gcatccgagt tgcaaagtgg ggtcccatca 180cgtttcagtg
gcagtggatc tgggacagat ttcactctca ccatcagcag tctgcaacct
240gaagattttg ctacgtacta ctgtcaacag gttgtgtggc gtccttttac
gttcggccaa 300gggaccaagg tggaaatcaa acgg 3246108PRTArtificial
SequenceSynthetic construct 6Asp Ile Gln Met Thr Gln Ser Pro Ser
Ser Leu Ser Ala Ser Val Gly1 5 10 15Asp Arg Val Thr Ile Thr Cys Arg
Ala Ser Gln Ser Ile Asp Ser Tyr 20 25 30Leu His Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys
Pro Gly Lys Ala Pro Lys Leu Leu Ile 35 40 45Tyr Ser Ala Ser Glu Leu
Gln Ser Gly Val Pro Ser Arg Phe Ser Gly 50 55 60Ser Gly Ser Gly Thr
Asp Phe Thr Leu Thr Ile Ser Ser Leu Gln Pro65 70 75 80Glu Asp Phe
Ala Thr Tyr Tyr Cys Gln Gln Val Val Trp Arg Pro Phe 85 90 95Thr Phe
Gly Gln Gly Thr Lys Val Glu Ile Lys Arg 100 1057108PRTArtificial
SequenceSynthetic construct 7Asp Ile Gln Met Thr Gln Ser Pro Ser
Ser Leu Ser Ala Ser Val Gly1 5 10 15Asp Arg Val Thr Ile Thr Cys Arg
Ala Ser Gln Ser Ile Asp Ser Tyr 20 25 30Leu His Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys
Pro Gly Lys Ala Pro Lys Leu Leu Ile 35 40 45Tyr Ser Ala Ser Asn Leu
Glu Thr Gly Val Pro Ser Arg Phe Ser Gly 50 55 60Ser Gly Ser Gly Thr
Asp Phe Thr Leu Thr Ile Ser Ser Leu Gln Pro65 70 75 80Glu Asp Phe
Ala Thr Tyr Tyr Cys Gln Gln Val Val Trp Arg Pro Phe 85 90 95Thr Phe
Gly Gln Gly Thr Lys Val Glu Ile Lys Arg 100 1058108PRTArtificial
SequenceSynthetic construct 8Asp Ile Gln Met Thr Gln Ser Pro Ser
Ser Leu Ser Ala Ser Val Gly1 5 10 15Asp Arg Val Thr Ile Thr Cys Arg
Ala Ser Gln Ala Ile Asp Ser Tyr 20 25 30Leu His Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys
Pro Gly Lys Ala Pro Lys Leu Leu Ile 35 40 45Tyr Ser Ala Ser Asn Leu
Glu Thr Gly Val Pro Ser Arg Phe Ser Gly 50 55 60Ser Gly Ser Gly Thr
Asp Phe Thr Leu Thr Ile Ser Ser Leu Gln Pro65 70 75 80Glu Asp Phe
Ala Thr Tyr Tyr Cys Gln Gln Val Val Trp Arg Pro Phe 85 90 95Thr Phe
Gly Gln Gly Thr Lys Val Glu Ile Lys Arg 100 1059108PRTArtificial
SequenceSynthetic construct 9Asp Ile Gln Met Thr Gln Ser Pro Ser
Ser Leu Ser Ala Ser Val Gly1 5 10 15Asp Arg Val Thr Ile Thr Cys Arg
Ala Ser Gln Ser Ile Asp Ser Tyr 20 25 30Leu His Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys
Pro Gly Lys Ala Pro Lys Leu Leu Ile 35 40 45Tyr Ser Ala Ser Asn Leu
Glu Thr Gly Val Pro Ser Arg Phe Ser Gly 50 55 60Ser Gly Ser Gly Thr
Asp Phe Thr Leu Thr Ile Ser Ser Leu Leu Pro65 70 75 80Glu Asp Phe
Ala Thr Tyr Tyr Cys Gln Gln Val Val Trp Arg Pro Phe 85 90 95Thr Phe
Gly Gln Gly Thr Lys Val Glu Ile Lys Arg 100 10510108PRTArtificial
SequenceSynthetic construct 10Asp Ile Gln Met Thr Gln Ser Pro Ser
Ser Leu Ser Ala Ser Val Gly1 5 10 15Asp Arg Val Thr Ile Thr Cys Arg
Ala Ser Gln Ala Ile Asp Ser Tyr 20 25 30Leu His Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys
Pro Gly Lys Ala Pro Lys Leu Leu Ile 35 40 45Tyr Ser Ala Ser Asn Leu
Glu Thr Gly Val Pro Ser Arg Phe Ser Gly 50 55 60Ser Gly Ser Gly Thr
Asp Phe Thr Leu Thr Ile Ser Ser Leu Leu Pro65 70 75 80Glu Asp Phe
Ala Thr Tyr Tyr Cys Gln Gln Val Val Trp Arg Pro Phe 85 90 95Thr Phe
Gly Gln Gly Thr Lys Val Glu Ile Lys Arg 100 1051118DNAArtificial
SequenceSynthetic construct 11aatckcaggt kccagatg
181218DNAArtificial SequenceSynthetic construct 12gttyrggtkk
gtaacact 181318DNAArtificial SequenceSynthetic construct
13atgmcttgtw acactgtg 1814267DNACallithrix 14gacatccaga tgacccagtc
tccatcttcc ctgactgcat ctgtaggagg caaagtcacc 60atcacttgcc gggcgagtca
ggacattaac aagtggttag cctggtatca gcagaaacca 120gggacagtcc
ctaagcccct gatctatgag gcatccaaat tgcaaagtgg ggtcccatca
180aggttcagcg gcagtggatc tgggacatat tttactctca ccatcagcag
cctgcagcct 240gaagatgctg caacttatta ctgtcag 26715267DNACallithrix
15gacatccaga tgatccagtc tccatcctcc ctgtctgcat ctgtaggaga cagagtcacc
60atcacttgct gggcaagtca gggtattagc cactggttag cctggtatca gcagaaacca
120gggaaagccc ctaagctcct gatctatagt gcatcaaatt tagaaacagg
ggtcccatca 180aggttcagtg gaagtggatc caggacagat tttactctca
ccatcagcag cctgcagcct 240gaagatattg caacatatta ctgtcaa
26716267DNACallithrix 16gacatccaga tgacccagac tccatcctcc ctgtctgcat
ctgtaggaga cagagtcacc 60atcacttgcc gggcaagtca gggtattagc agctggttag
cctggtatca gcagaaacca 120gggaaagccc ctaagctcct gatctatggg
gcatcaaatt tggaaacagg ggtcccatca 180agattcagcg gaagtggatc
tgggacagat tttactctca ccatcagcag tctgcagcct 240gaagatattg
caacatatta ctgtcaa 26717267DNACallithrix 17gacatccaga tgatccagtc
tccatcctcc ctgtctgcat ctgtaggaga cagagtcacc 60atcacttgct gggcaagtca
gggtattagc cactggttag cctggtatca gcagaaacca 120gggaaagccc
ctaagctcct gatctatagt gcatcaaatt taggaacagg ggtcccatca
180aggttcagtg gaagtggatc caggacagat tttactctca ccatcagcag
cctgcagcct 240gaagatattg caacatatta ctgtcaa 26718267DNACallithrix
18gacatccaga tgacccagtc tccatcttcc ctgactgcat ctgtaggagg caaagtcacc
60atcacttgcc gggcgtgtca ggacattaac aagtggttag cctggtatca gcagaaacca
120gggacagtcc ctaagcccct gatctatgag gcatccaaat tgcaaagtgg
ggtcccatca 180aggttcagcg gcagtggatc tgggacatat tttactctca
ccatcagcag cctgcagcct 240gaagatgctg caacttatta ctgtcag
26719267DNACallithrix 19gacatccaga tgacccagtc tccatcctcc ctgtctgcat
ctgtaggaga cagagttacc 60atcacttgcc gggcgagtca gggcattagt aattatttag
cctggtatca gcagaaacca 120gggaaaactc ctaggctcct gatctatgct
gcatccagtt tacaaactgg gattccctct 180cggttcagcg gcagtggatc
tgggacagac tacactctca ccatcagcag cctgcagtct 240gaagatgttg
caatttatta ctgtcaa 26720267DNACallithrix 20gacatccaga tgacccagtc
tccatcttcc ctgactgcat ctgtaggagg caaagtcacc 60atcacttgcc gggcgagtca
ggacattaac aagtggttag cctggtatca gcagaaacca 120gggacagtcc
ctaagcccct gatctatgag gcatccaaat tgcaaagtgg ggtcccatca
180aggctcagcg gcagtggatc tgggacatat ttcactctca ccatcagcag
cctgcagcct 240gaagatgctg caacttatta ctgtcag 26721267DNACallithrix
21gacatccaga tgacccagtc tccatcttcc ctgactgcat ctgtaggagg caaagtcacc
60atcacttgcc gggcgagtca ggacattaac aagtggtcag cctggtatca gcagaaacca
120gggacagtcc ctaagcccct gatctatgag gcatccaaat tgcaaagtgg
ggtcccatca 180aggttcagcg gcagtggatc tgggacatat tttactctca
ccatcagcag cctgcagcct 240gaagatgctg caacttatta ctgtcag
26722267DNACallithrix 22gacatccaga tgacccagtc tccatcttcc ctgactgcat
ctgtaggagg caaagtcacc 60gtcacttgcc gggcgagtca ggacattaac aagtggttag
cctggtatca gcagaaacca 120gggacagtcc ctaagcccct gatctatgag
gcatccaaat tgcaaagtgg ggtcccatca 180aggttcagcg gcagtggatc
tgggacatat tttactctca ccatcagcag cctgcagcct 240gaagatgctg
caacttatta ctgtcag 26723267DNACallithrix 23gacatccaga tgacccagtc
tccatcttcc ctgactgcat ctgtaggagg caaagtcacc 60atcacttgcc gggcgagtca
ggacattaac aagtggttag cctggtatca gcagaaacca 120gggacagtcc
ttaagcccct gatctatgag gcatccaaat tgcaaagtgg ggtcccatca
180aggttcagcg gcagtggatc tgggacatat tttactctca ccatcagcag
cctgcagcct 240gaagatgctg caacttatta ctgtcag 26724267DNACallithrix
24gacatccaga tgacccagtc tccatcttcc ctgactgcat ctgtaggagg caaagtcacc
60atcacttgcc gggcgagtca ggacattaac aagtggttag cctggtatca gcagaaacca
120gggacagtcc ctaagcccct gatctatgag gcatccaaat tgcaaagtgg
ggtcccatta 180aggttcagcg gcagtggatc tgggacatat tttactctca
ccatcagcag cctgcagcct 240gaagatgctg caacttatta ctgtcag
2672589PRTCallithrix 25Asp Ile Gln Met Thr Gln Ser Pro Ser Ser Leu
Thr Ala Ser Val Gly1 5 10 15Gly Lys Val Thr Ile Thr Cys Arg Ala Ser
Gln Asp Ile Asn Lys Trp 20 25 30Leu Ala Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys Pro Gly
Thr Val Pro Lys Pro Leu Ile 35 40 45Tyr Glu Ala Ser Lys Leu Gln Ser
Gly Val Pro Ser Arg Phe Ser Gly 50 55 60Ser Gly Ser Gly Thr Tyr Phe
Thr Leu Thr Ile Ser Ser Leu Gln Pro65 70 75 80Glu Asp Ala Ala Thr
Tyr Tyr Cys Gln 852689PRTCallithrix 26Asp Ile Gln Met Ile Gln Ser
Pro Ser Ser Leu Ser Ala Ser Val Gly1 5 10 15Asp Arg Val Thr Ile Thr
Cys Trp Ala Ser Gln Gly Ile Ser His Trp 20 25 30Leu Ala Trp Tyr Gln
Gln Lys Pro Gly Lys Ala Pro Lys Leu Leu Ile 35 40 45Tyr Ser Ala Ser
Asn Leu Glu Thr Gly Val Pro Ser Arg Phe Ser Gly 50 55 60Ser Gly Ser
Arg Thr Asp Phe Thr Leu Thr Ile Ser Ser Leu Gln Pro65 70 75 80Glu
Asp Ile Ala Thr Tyr Tyr Cys Gln 852789PRTCallithrix 27Asp Ile Gln
Met Thr Gln Thr Pro Ser Ser Leu Ser Ala Ser Val Gly1 5 10 15Asp Arg
Val Thr Ile Thr Cys Arg Ala Ser Gln Gly Ile Ser Ser Trp 20 25 30Leu
Ala Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys Pro Gly Lys Ala Pro Lys Leu Leu Ile 35 40
45Tyr Gly Ala Ser Asn Leu Glu Thr Gly Val Pro Ser Arg Phe Ser Gly
50 55 60Ser Gly Ser Gly Thr Asp Phe Thr Leu Thr Ile Ser Ser Leu Gln
Pro65 70 75 80Glu Asp Ile Ala Thr Tyr Tyr Cys Gln
852889PRTCallithrix 28Asp Ile Gln Met Ile Gln Ser Pro Ser Ser Leu
Ser Ala Ser Val Gly1 5 10 15Asp Arg Val Thr Ile Thr Cys Trp Ala Ser
Gln Gly Ile Ser His Trp 20 25 30Leu Ala Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys Pro Gly
Lys Ala Pro Lys Leu Leu Ile 35 40 45Tyr Ser Ala Ser Asn Leu Gly Thr
Gly Val Pro Ser Arg Phe Ser Gly 50 55 60Ser Gly Ser Arg Thr Asp Phe
Thr Leu Thr Ile Ser Ser Leu Gln Pro65 70 75 80Glu Asp Ile Ala Thr
Tyr Tyr Cys Gln 852989PRTCallithrix 29Asp Ile Gln Met Thr Gln Ser
Pro Ser Ser Leu Thr Ala Ser Val Gly1 5 10 15Gly Lys Val Thr Ile Thr
Cys Arg Ala Cys Gln Asp Ile Asn Lys Trp 20 25 30Leu Ala Trp Tyr Gln
Gln Lys Pro Gly Thr Val Pro Lys Pro Leu Ile 35 40 45Tyr Glu Ala Ser
Lys Leu Gln Ser Gly Val Pro Ser Arg Phe Ser Gly 50 55 60Ser Gly Ser
Gly Thr Tyr Phe Thr Leu Thr Ile Ser Ser Leu Gln Pro65 70 75 80Glu
Asp Ala Ala Thr Tyr Tyr Cys Gln 853089PRTCallithrix 30Asp Ile Gln
Met Thr Gln Ser Pro Ser Ser Leu Ser Ala Ser Val Gly1 5 10 15Asp Arg
Val Thr Ile Thr Cys Arg Ala Ser Gln Gly Ile Ser Asn Tyr 20 25 30Leu
Ala Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys Pro Gly Lys Thr Pro Arg Leu Leu Ile 35 40
45Tyr Ala Ala Ser Ser Leu Gln Thr Gly Ile Pro Ser Arg Phe Ser Gly
50 55 60Ser Gly Ser Gly Thr Asp Tyr Thr Leu Thr Ile Ser Ser Leu Gln
Ser65 70 75 80Glu Asp Val Ala Ile Tyr Tyr Cys Gln
853189PRTCallithrix 31Asp Ile Gln Met Thr Gln Ser Pro Ser Ser Leu
Thr Ala Ser Val Gly1 5 10 15Gly Lys Val Thr Ile Thr Cys Arg Ala Ser
Gln Asp Ile Asn Lys Trp 20 25 30Leu Ala Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys Pro Gly
Thr Val Pro Lys Pro Leu Ile 35 40 45Tyr Glu Ala Ser Lys Leu Gln Ser
Gly Val Pro Ser Arg Leu Ser Gly 50 55 60Ser Gly Ser Gly Thr Tyr Phe
Thr Leu Thr Ile Ser Ser Leu Gln Pro65 70 75 80Glu Asp Ala Ala Thr
Tyr Tyr Cys Gln 853289PRTCallithrix 32Asp Ile Gln Met Thr Gln Ser
Pro Ser Ser Leu Thr Ala Ser Val Gly1 5 10 15Gly Lys Val Thr Ile Thr
Cys Arg Ala Ser Gln Asp Ile Asn Lys Trp 20 25 30Ser Ala Trp Tyr Gln
Gln Lys Pro Gly Thr Val Pro Lys Pro Leu Ile 35 40 45Tyr Glu Ala Ser
Lys Leu Gln Ser Gly Val Pro Ser Arg Phe Ser Gly 50 55 60Ser Gly Ser
Gly Thr Tyr Phe Thr Leu Thr Ile Ser Ser Leu Gln Pro65 70 75 80Glu
Asp Ala Ala Thr Tyr Tyr Cys Gln 853389PRTCallithrix 33Asp Ile Gln
Met Thr Gln Ser Pro Ser Ser Leu Thr Ala Ser Val Gly1 5 10 15Gly Lys
Val Thr Val Thr Cys Arg Ala Ser Gln Asp Ile Asn Lys Trp 20 25 30Leu
Ala Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys Pro Gly Thr Val Pro Lys Pro Leu Ile 35 40
45Tyr Glu Ala Ser Lys Leu Gln Ser Gly Val Pro Ser Arg Phe Ser Gly
50 55 60Ser Gly Ser Gly Thr Tyr Phe Thr Leu Thr Ile Ser Ser Leu Gln
Pro65 70 75 80Glu Asp Ala Ala Thr Tyr Tyr Cys Gln
853489PRTCallithrix 34Asp Ile Gln Met Thr Gln Ser Pro Ser Ser Leu
Thr Ala Ser Val Gly1 5 10 15Gly Lys Val Thr Ile Thr Cys Arg Ala Ser
Gln Asp Ile Asn Lys Trp 20 25 30Leu Ala Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys Pro Gly
Thr Val Leu Lys Pro Leu Ile 35 40 45Tyr Glu Ala Ser Lys Leu Gln Ser
Gly Val Pro Ser Arg Phe Ser Gly 50 55 60Ser Gly Ser Gly Thr Tyr Phe
Thr Leu Thr Ile Ser Ser Leu Gln Pro65 70 75 80Glu Asp Ala Ala Thr
Tyr Tyr Cys Gln 853589PRTCallithrix 35Asp Ile Gln Met Thr Gln Ser
Pro Ser Ser Leu Thr Ala Ser Val Gly1 5 10 15Gly Lys Val Thr Ile Thr
Cys Arg Ala Ser Gln Asp Ile Asn Lys Trp 20 25 30Leu Ala Trp Tyr Gln
Gln Lys Pro Gly Thr Val Pro Lys Pro Leu Ile 35 40 45Tyr Glu Ala Ser
Lys Leu Gln Ser Gly Val Pro Leu Arg Phe Ser Gly 50 55 60Ser Gly Ser
Gly Thr Tyr Phe Thr Leu Thr Ile Ser Ser Leu Gln Pro65 70 75 80Glu
Asp Ala Ala Thr Tyr Tyr Cys Gln 8536267DNAAotus trivirgatus
36gacatccaga tgacccagtc tccatccttc ctgtctgcat ctgcaggaga cagagtcacc
60atcacctgcc aggtgagtca gggaattagc agtgaattac tctggtatca gcagaaacca
120gggaaagccc ctatgctctt gatctatgct gcaaccaaat tgcagtcggg
aatcccatct 180cggttcagtg gccatggatc tgggacagat ttcactctca
ccatcagcag cctgcagcct 240gatgattttg ctacttatta ctgtcaa
26737267DNAAotus trivirgatus 37gacatccaga tgacccagtc tgcattctcc
ctgtctgcat ctgtaggaga cagagtcacc 60attacttgcc aggcgagtca gggcattacc
agtgatttag cctggtatca gcaaaagcca 120gggaacgcct ctaagctcct
gatctatgag gcatccagtt tacaaagcga ggtcccatca 180aggttcagcg
gcagtggatc tgggagagat tttactctca ccatcagcag cctgcagcct
240gaagattttg taacttatta ctgtcaa 26738267DNAAotus trivirgatus
38gacatccaga tgacccagac tccatcctcc ctgtctgcat ctgtaggaga cagagtcacc
60atcacttgcc gggcgagtca agacatttac aattatttag cctggtatca gcagaaacca
120gggaaaactc ctaggctctt gatctatgct gcatccagtt tgcaaactgg
gattccctct 180cggttcagtg gcagtggatc tgggacagac tacactctca
ccatcagcag cctgcagcct 240gatgattttg ccacttatta ctgtcaa
26739267DNAAotus trivirgatus 39gacatccaga tgacccagac tccatcctcc
ctgcctgcat ctgtaggaga caaagtcacc 60atcacttgcc gggcaagtca gggtattagc
agctggttag cctggtatca gcagaaacca 120gggaaagccc ctaagctcct
gatccataag gcatcaaatt tggaaacagg ggtcccatca
180aggttcagtg gaagtggatc tgggacagat tttactctca ccatcagcag
cctgcagcct 240gaagatatcg caacatatta ctgtcaa 26740267DNAAotus
trivirgatus 40gacatccaga tgacccagtc tccatcttcc ctgactgcat
ctgtaggaga caaagtcacc 60atcacttgcc gggcaagtca gggcattagc aataatttag
cctggtatca gcagaaacca 120gggaaagccc ctaagcccct gatctattat
gcatccagtt tgcaaagcgg ggtcccatca 180aggttcagcg gcagtggatc
tggggcagat tacactctca ccaccagcag cctgcagcct 240gaagattttg
caacttatta ctgtcaa 26741267DNAAotus trivirgatus 41gacaaccaga
tgatccagtc tccatcttcc ctgactgcat ctgtaggaga cagagtcacc 60atcacttgcc
gagccagtca gagtattagc agctggttag cctggtatca gcagaaacca
120gggacagtcc ctaagcctct gatctatgac gcatccaaat tgctaagtgg
ggtcccatca 180aggttcagtg gctgtggatc tgggacagat tttactctca
ccatcagcag cctgcagcct 240gaagattttg caacttatta ctgtcaa
2674289PRTAotus trivirgatus 42Asp Ile Gln Met Thr Gln Ser Pro Ser
Phe Leu Ser Ala Ser Ala Gly1 5 10 15Asp Arg Val Thr Ile Thr Cys Gln
Val Ser Gln Gly Ile Ser Ser Glu 20 25 30Leu Leu Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys
Pro Gly Lys Ala Pro Met Leu Leu Ile 35 40 45Tyr Ala Ala Thr Lys Leu
Gln Ser Gly Ile Pro Ser Arg Phe Ser Gly 50 55 60His Gly Ser Gly Thr
Asp Phe Thr Leu Thr Ile Ser Ser Leu Gln Pro65 70 75 80Asp Asp Phe
Ala Thr Tyr Tyr Cys Gln 854389PRTAotus trivirgatus 43Asp Ile Gln
Met Thr Gln Ser Ala Phe Ser Leu Ser Ala Ser Val Gly1 5 10 15Asp Arg
Val Thr Ile Thr Cys Gln Ala Ser Gln Gly Ile Thr Ser Asp 20 25 30Leu
Ala Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys Pro Gly Asn Ala Ser Lys Leu Leu Ile 35 40
45Tyr Glu Ala Ser Ser Leu Gln Ser Glu Val Pro Ser Arg Phe Ser Gly
50 55 60Ser Gly Ser Gly Arg Asp Phe Thr Leu Thr Ile Ser Ser Leu Gln
Pro65 70 75 80Glu Asp Phe Val Thr Tyr Tyr Cys Gln 854489PRTAotus
trivirgatus 44Asp Ile Gln Met Thr Gln Thr Pro Ser Ser Leu Ser Ala
Ser Val Gly1 5 10 15Asp Arg Val Thr Ile Thr Cys Arg Ala Ser Gln Asp
Ile Tyr Asn Tyr 20 25 30Leu Ala Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys Pro Gly Lys Thr
Pro Arg Leu Leu Ile 35 40 45Tyr Ala Ala Ser Ser Leu Gln Thr Gly Ile
Pro Ser Arg Phe Ser Gly 50 55 60Ser Gly Ser Gly Thr Asp Tyr Thr Leu
Thr Ile Ser Ser Leu Gln Pro65 70 75 80Asp Asp Phe Ala Thr Tyr Tyr
Cys Gln 854589PRTAotus trivirgatus 45Asp Ile Gln Met Thr Gln Thr
Pro Ser Ser Leu Pro Ala Ser Val Gly1 5 10 15Asp Lys Val Thr Ile Thr
Cys Arg Ala Ser Gln Gly Ile Ser Ser Trp 20 25 30Leu Ala Trp Tyr Gln
Gln Lys Pro Gly Lys Ala Pro Lys Leu Leu Ile 35 40 45His Lys Ala Ser
Asn Leu Glu Thr Gly Val Pro Ser Arg Phe Ser Gly 50 55 60Ser Gly Ser
Gly Thr Asp Phe Thr Leu Thr Ile Ser Ser Leu Gln Pro65 70 75 80Glu
Asp Ile Ala Thr Tyr Tyr Cys Gln 854689PRTAotus trivirgatus 46Asp
Ile Gln Met Thr Gln Ser Pro Ser Ser Leu Thr Ala Ser Val Gly1 5 10
15Asp Lys Val Thr Ile Thr Cys Arg Ala Ser Gln Gly Ile Ser Asn Asn
20 25 30Leu Ala Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys Pro Gly Lys Ala Pro Lys Pro Leu
Ile 35 40 45Tyr Tyr Ala Ser Ser Leu Gln Ser Gly Val Pro Ser Arg Phe
Ser Gly 50 55 60Ser Gly Ser Gly Ala Asp Tyr Thr Leu Thr Thr Ser Ser
Leu Gln Pro65 70 75 80Glu Asp Phe Ala Thr Tyr Tyr Cys Gln
854789PRTAotus trivirgatus 47Asp Asn Gln Met Ile Gln Ser Pro Ser
Ser Leu Thr Ala Ser Val Gly1 5 10 15Asp Arg Val Thr Ile Thr Cys Arg
Ala Ser Gln Ser Ile Ser Ser Trp 20 25 30Leu Ala Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys
Pro Gly Thr Val Pro Lys Pro Leu Ile 35 40 45Tyr Asp Ala Ser Lys Leu
Leu Ser Gly Val Pro Ser Arg Phe Ser Gly 50 55 60Cys Gly Ser Gly Thr
Asp Phe Thr Leu Thr Ile Ser Ser Leu Gln Pro65 70 75 80Glu Asp Phe
Ala Thr Tyr Tyr Cys Gln 85488PRTAotus trivirgatus 48Tyr Tyr Ala Ser
Ser Leu Gln Ser1 5498PRTArtificial SequenceSynthetic construct
49Tyr Ser Ala Ser Glu Leu Gln Ser1 55068DNAAotus trivirgatus
50tttacattgg taccagcaga aaccagggaa agcccctaag ctcctgatct atgctgcaac
60caaattgc 685145DNAAotus trivirgatus 51cctgatctat gctgcaacca
aattgcagtc gggggtccca tcacg 4552324DNAAotus trivirgatus
52gacatccaga tgacccagtc tccatcctct ctgtctgcat ctgtaggaga ccgtgtcacc
60atcacttgcc gggcaagtca gagcattgat agttatttac attggtacca gcagaaacca
120gggaaagccc ctaagctcct gatctatgct gcaaccaaat tgcagtcggg
ggtcccatca 180cgtttcagtg gcagtggatc tgggacagat ttcactctca
ccatcagcag tctgcaacct 240gaagattttg ctacgtacta ctgtcaacag
gttgtgtggc gtccttttac gttcggccaa 300gggaccaagg tggaaatcaa acgg
3245368DNAAotus trivirgatus 53tttacattgg taccagcaga aaccagggaa
agcccctaag ctcctgatct atgaggcatc 60cagtttac 685445DNAAotus
trivirgatus 54cctgatctat gacgcatcca gtttacaaag cggggtccca tcacg
4555324DNAAotus trivirgatus 55gacatccaga tgacccagtc tccatcctcc
ctgtctgcat ctgtaggaga ccgtgtcacc 60atcacttgcc gggcaagtca gagcattgat
agttatttac attggtacca gcagaaacca 120gggaaagccc ctaagctcct
gatctatgag gcatccagtt tacaaagcgg ggtcccatca 180cgtttcagtg
gcagtggatc tgggacagat ttcactctca ccatcagcag tctgcaacct
240gaagattttg ctacgtacta ctgtcaacag gttgtgtggc gtccttttac
gttcggccaa 300gggaccaagg tggaaatcaa acgg 3245668DNACallithrix
56tttacattgg taccagcaga aaccagggaa agcccctaag ctcctgatct atgaggcatc
60caaattgc 685745DNACallithrix 57cctgatctat gaggcatcca aattgcaaag
tggggtccca tcacg 4558324DNACallithrix 58gacatccaga tgacccagtc
tccatcctcc ctgtctgcat ctgtaggaga ccgtgtcacc 60atcacttgcc gggcaagtca
gagcattgat agttatttac attggtacca gcagaaacca 120gggaaagccc
ctaagctcct gatctatgag gcatccaaat tgcaaagtgg ggtcccatca
180cgtttcagtg gcagtggatc tgggacagat ttcactctca ccatcagcag
tctgcaacct 240gaagattttg ctacgtacta ctgtcaacag gttgtgtggc
gtccttttac gttcggccaa 300gggaccaagg tggaaatcaa acgg
3245968DNACallithrix 59tttacattgg taccagcaga aaccagggaa agcccctaag
ctcctgatct atagtgcatc 60aaatttag 686045DNACallithrix 60cctgatctat
agtgcatcaa aattagaaac aggggtccca tcacg 4561324DNACallithrix
61gacatccaga tgacccagtc tccatcctcc ctgtctgcat ctgtaggaga ccgtgtcacc
60atcacttgcc gggcaagtca gagcattgat agttatttac attggtacca gcagaaacca
120gggaaagccc ctaagctcct gatctatagt gcatcaaaat tagaaacagg
ggtcccatca 180cgtttcagtg gcagtggatc tgggacagat ttcactctca
ccatcagcag tctgcaacct 240gaagattttg ctacgtacta ctgtcaacag
gttgtgtggc gtccttttac gttcggccaa 300gggaccaagg tggaaatcaa acgg
3246223PRTAotus trivirgatusmisc_feature(1)..(1)Xaa can be any amino
acid 62Xaa Leu His Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys Pro Gly Lys Ala Pro Lys Leu
Leu1 5 10 15Ile Tyr Ala Ala Thr Lys Leu 206315PRTAotus
trivirgatusmisc_feature(1)..(1)Xaa can be any amino acid 63Xaa Leu
Ile Tyr Ala Ala Thr Lys Leu Gln Ser Gly Val Pro Ser1 5 10
1564108PRTAotus trivirgatus 64Asp Ile Gln Met Thr Gln Ser Pro Ser
Ser Leu Ser Ala Ser Val Gly1 5 10 15Asp Arg Val Thr Ile Thr Cys Arg
Ala Ser Gln Ser Ile Asp Ser Tyr 20 25 30Leu His Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys
Pro Gly Lys Ala Pro Lys Leu Leu Ile 35 40 45Tyr Ala Ala Thr Lys Leu
Gln Ser Gly Val Pro Ser Arg Phe Ser Gly 50 55 60Ser Gly Ser Gly Thr
Asp Phe Thr Leu Thr Ile Ser Ser Leu Gln Pro65 70 75 80Glu Asp Phe
Ala Thr Tyr Tyr Cys Gln Gln Val Val Trp Arg Pro Phe 85 90 95Thr Phe
Gly Gln Gly Thr Lys Val Glu Ile Lys Arg 100 1056523PRTAotus
trivirgatusmisc_feature(1)..(1)Xaa can be any amino acid 65Xaa Leu
His Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys Pro Gly Lys Ala Pro Lys Leu Leu1 5 10 15Ile
Tyr Glu Ala Ser Ser Leu 206615PRTAotus
trivirgatusmisc_feature(1)..(1)Xaa can be any amino acid 66Xaa Leu
Ile Tyr Glu Ala Ser Ser Leu Gln Ser Gly Val Pro Ser1 5 10
1567108PRTAotus trivirgatus 67Asp Ile Gln Met Thr Gln Ser Pro Ser
Ser Leu Ser Ala Ser Val Gly1 5 10 15Asp Arg Val Thr Ile Thr Cys Arg
Ala Ser Gln Ser Ile Asp Ser Tyr 20 25 30Leu His Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys
Pro Gly Lys Ala Pro Lys Leu Leu Ile 35 40 45Tyr Glu Ala Ser Ser Leu
Gln Ser Gly Val Pro Ser Arg Phe Ser Gly 50 55 60Ser Gly Ser Gly Thr
Asp Phe Thr Leu Thr Ile Ser Ser Leu Gln Pro65 70 75 80Glu Asp Phe
Ala Thr Tyr Tyr Cys Gln Gln Val Val Trp Arg Pro Phe 85 90 95Thr Phe
Gly Gln Gly Thr Lys Val Glu Ile Lys Arg 100
1056823PRTCallithrixmisc_feature(1)..(1)Xaa can be any amino acid
68Xaa Leu His Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys Pro Gly Lys Ala Pro Lys Leu Leu1
5 10 15Ile Tyr Glu Ala Ser Lys Leu
206915PRTCallithrixmisc_feature(1)..(1)Xaa can be any amino acid
69Xaa Leu Ile Tyr Glu Ala Ser Lys Leu Gln Ser Gly Val Pro Ser1 5 10
1570108PRTCallithrix 70Asp Ile Gln Met Thr Gln Ser Pro Ser Ser Leu
Ser Ala Ser Val Gly1 5 10 15Asp Arg Val Thr Ile Thr Cys Arg Ala Ser
Gln Ser Ile Asp Ser Tyr 20 25 30Leu His Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys Pro Gly
Lys Ala Pro Lys Leu Leu Ile 35 40 45Tyr Glu Ala Ser Lys Leu Gln Ser
Gly Val Pro Ser Arg Phe Ser Gly 50 55 60Ser Gly Ser Gly Thr Asp Phe
Thr Leu Thr Ile Ser Ser Leu Gln Pro65 70 75 80Glu Asp Phe Ala Thr
Tyr Tyr Cys Gln Gln Val Val Trp Arg Pro Phe 85 90 95Thr Phe Gly Gln
Gly Thr Lys Val Glu Ile Lys Arg 100
1057123PRTCallithrixmisc_feature(1)..(1)Xaa can be any amino acid
71Xaa Leu His Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys Pro Gly Lys Ala Pro Lys Leu Leu1
5 10 15Ile Tyr Ser Ala Ser Asn Leu
207216PRTCallithrixmisc_feature(1)..(1)Xaa can be any amino acid
72Xaa Leu Ile Tyr Ser Ala Ser Asn Leu Glu Thr Gly Val Pro Ser Xaa1
5 10 1573108PRTCallithrix 73Asp Ile Gln Met Thr Gln Ser Pro Ser Ser
Leu Ser Ala Ser Val Gly1 5 10 15Asp Arg Val Thr Ile Thr Cys Arg Ala
Ser Gln Ser Ile Asp Ser Tyr 20 25 30Leu His Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys Pro
Gly Lys Ala Pro Lys Leu Leu Ile 35 40 45Tyr Ser Ala Ser Asn Leu Glu
Thr Gly Val Pro Ser Arg Phe Ser Gly 50 55 60Ser Gly Ser Gly Thr Asp
Phe Thr Leu Thr Ile Ser Ser Leu Gln Pro65 70 75 80Glu Asp Phe Ala
Thr Tyr Tyr Cys Gln Gln Val Val Trp Arg Pro Phe 85 90 95Thr Phe Gly
Gln Gly Thr Lys Val Glu Ile Lys Arg 100 10574324DNAArtificial
SequenceSynthetic construct 74ccgtttgatt tccaccttgg tcccttggcc
gaacgtaaaa ggacgccaca caacctgttg 60acagtagtac gtagcaaaat cttcaggttg
cagactgctg atggtgagag tgaaatctgt 120cccagatcca ctgccactga
aacgtgatgg gaccccactt tgcaactcgg atgcactata 180gatcaggagc
ttaggggctt tccctggttt ctgctggtac caatgtaaat aactatcaat
240gctctgactt gcccggcaag tgatggtgac acggtctcct acagatgcag
acagagagga 300tggagactgg gtcatctgga tgtc 324
* * * * *
References