U.S. patent application number 12/415335 was filed with the patent office on 2009-10-08 for tricyclic-nucleoside compounds for treating viral infections.
This patent application is currently assigned to SMITHKLINE BEECHAM CORPORATION. Invention is credited to Ronald Conrad Griffith, Jesse Daniel Keicher, Choung U. Kim, Sebastian Johannes Reinhard Liehr, Marija Prhavc, Vivek Kumar Rajwanshi, Christopher Don Roberts, Xiaoling Zheng.
Application Number | 20090253648 12/415335 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 36570903 |
Filed Date | 2009-10-08 |
United States Patent
Application |
20090253648 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Keicher; Jesse Daniel ; et
al. |
October 8, 2009 |
Tricyclic-Nucleoside Compounds for Treating Viral Infections
Abstract
Disclosed are compounds represented by formulae I, II, and III,
and the compositions and methods thereof for treating viral
infections caused by a Flaviviridae family virus. ##STR00001##
Inventors: |
Keicher; Jesse Daniel; (San
Carlos, CA) ; Roberts; Christopher Don; (Belmont,
CA) ; Liehr; Sebastian Johannes Reinhard; (Palo Alto,
CA) ; Zheng; Xiaoling; (Fremont, CA) ; Prhavc;
Marija; (Encinitas, CA) ; Rajwanshi; Vivek Kumar;
(Cupertino, CA) ; Griffith; Ronald Conrad;
(Escondido, CA) ; Kim; Choung U.; (San Carlos,
CA) |
Correspondence
Address: |
DORITY & MANNING, P.A.
POST OFFICE BOX 1449
GREENVILLE
SC
29602-1449
US
|
Assignee: |
SMITHKLINE BEECHAM
CORPORATION
Philadelphia
PA
|
Family ID: |
36570903 |
Appl. No.: |
12/415335 |
Filed: |
March 31, 2009 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
11365321 |
Feb 28, 2006 |
7524825 |
|
|
12415335 |
|
|
|
|
60657463 |
Feb 28, 2005 |
|
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Current U.S.
Class: |
514/49 ;
536/27.1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61P 1/16 20180101; C07D
487/16 20130101; A61P 31/12 20180101; A61P 43/00 20180101; C07H
19/22 20130101; C07H 19/00 20130101; C07H 19/23 20130101; A61P
31/14 20180101 |
Class at
Publication: |
514/49 ;
536/27.1 |
International
Class: |
A61K 31/7064 20060101
A61K031/7064; C07H 19/23 20060101 C07H019/23; A61P 31/14 20060101
A61P031/14 |
Claims
1. A compound represented by formula I: ##STR00080## wherein: R is
selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkyl; X is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halo,
and OW.sup.2; Y is selected from the group consisting of a bond, O,
and CH.sub.2; Q is absent or is selected from the group consisting
of O, S, and NH, provided that when Q is absent, V and NH are both
attached to a CH.sub.2 group; V is selected from the group
consisting of N and C-G; Z is selected from the group consisting of
N and C-G'; G and G' are independently selected from the group
consisting of hydrogen, amino, aminocarbonyl, methylamino,
dimethylamino, acylamino, alkoxyamino, --SO.sub.3H,
--SO.sub.2NH.sub.2, aminocarbonylamino, oxycarbonylamino,
HR'NCHR''C(O)NH--, azido, cyano, halo, hydroxyamino, and hydrazino,
where R' is hydrogen and R'' is a side-chain of an amino acid or
where R' and R'' together with the nitrogen and carbon bound to
each group respectively form a pyrrolidinyl group; provided that V
and Z are not identical; provided that when V is C--H, Z is N;
T.sup.1 and T.sup.2 are independently selected from the group
consisting of hydrogen, hydroxyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.4-alkoxy,
C.sub.1-C.sub.4-thioalkoxy, amino, substituted amino, and halo; and
each of W, W.sup.1, and W.sup.2 is independently selected from the
group consisting of hydrogen, C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkyl, and a prodrug
group; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, a tautomer, or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a tautomer thereof.
2. A compound according to claim 1 represented by formula Ia:
##STR00081## wherein: Q, G, T.sup.1, T.sup.2, Y, W, W.sup.1, X, and
R are described in claim 1.
3. A compound according to claim 1 represented by formula Ib:
##STR00082## wherein: G is selected from the group consisting of
amino, aminocarbonyl, methylamino, dimethylamino, acylamino,
alkoxyamino, --SO.sub.3H, --SO.sub.2NH.sub.2, aminocarbonylamino,
oxycarbonylamino, HR'NCHR''C(O)NH--, azido, cyano, halo,
hydroxyamino, and hydrazino, where R' is hydrogen and R'' is a
side-chain of an amino acid or where R' and R'' together with the
nitrogen and carbon bound to each group respectively form a
pyrrolidinyl group; and Q, T.sup.1, T.sup.2, Y, W, W.sup.1, X, and
R are described in claim 1.
4. A compound according to claim 1 represented by formula Ic:
##STR00083## wherein: Q, G', T.sup.1, T.sup.2, Y, W, W.sup.1, X,
and R are described in claim 1.
5. A compound according to claim 4 wherein G'is selected from the
group consisting of azido, amino, aminocarbonyl, acylamino,
alkoxyamino, cyano, halo, hydroxyamino, and hydrazino.
6. A compound according to claim 5 wherein G'is selected from the
group consisting of azido, amino, acylamino, cyano, and halo.
7. A compound according to claim 6 wherein R is methyl.
8. A compound according to claim 7 wherein Q is O.
9. A compound represented by formula II: ##STR00084## wherein: R is
C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkyl; X is selected from the group consisting of
hydrogen, halo, and OW.sup.2; Q' is selected from the group
consisting of NH, O, and S; G'is selected from the group consisting
of amino, aminocarbonyl, methylamino, dimethylamino, acylamino,
--SO.sub.3H, --SO.sub.2NH.sub.2, alkoxyamino, aminocarbonylamino,
oxycarbonylamino, HR'NCHR''C(O)NH--, azido, cyano, halo,
hydroxyamino, and hydrazino, where R' is hydrogen and R'' is a
side-chain of an amino acid or where R' and R'' together with the
nitrogen and carbon bound to each group respectively form a
pyrrolidinyl group; Y is selected from the group consisting of a
bond, O, and CH.sub.2; and each of W, W.sup.1, and W.sup.2 is
independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen,
C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkyl, and a prodrug group; or a pharmaceutically
acceptable salt, a tautomer, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt
of a tautomer thereof.
10. A compound according to claim 9 wherein G'is selected from the
group consisting of azido, amino, aminocarbonyl, acylamino,
alkoxyamino, cyano, halo, hydroxyamino, and hydrazino.
11. A compound according to claim 10 wherein G'is selected from the
group consisting of azido, amino, acylamino, cyano, and halo
12. A compound according to claim 11 wherein Q' is O.
13. A compound according to claim 12 wherein R is methyl.
14. A compound according to claim 13 wherein Y is O.
15. A compound according to claim 9 represented by formula Ia:
##STR00085## wherein: Q', G', W, W.sup.1, and W.sup.2 are as
described in claim 9.
16. A compound according to claim 15 wherein G'is selected from the
group consisting of azido, amino, aminocarbonyl, acylamino,
alkoxyamino, cyano, halo, hydroxyamino, and hydrazino.
17. A compound according to claim 16 wherein G'is selected from the
group consisting of azido, amino, acylamino, cyano, and halo.
18. A compound according to claim 17 wherein Q' is O.
19. A compound according to claim 18 wherein W, W.sup.1, and
W.sup.2 are hydrogen.
20. A compound represented by formula III: ##STR00086## wherein: A
and B are independently selected from the group consisting of C=Q,
NH, and methylene optionally substituted with 1 to 2 halo groups,
provided that A and B are not both NH; D is NH, or -D-A-B- together
form a --N.dbd.CH--NH--, --(C=Q)-CH.sub.2--(C=Q)-,
--(C=Q)-NH--(C=Q)-, --(CX').dbd.(CX')--(C-Q)-, or --CH.dbd.CH--NH--
group where X' is halo; each Q is independently selected from the
group consisting of O, S, and NH; R is selected from the group
consisting of hydrogen and C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkyl; X is selected
from the group consisting of hydrogen, halo, and OW.sup.2; T.sup.1
and T.sup.2 are independently selected from the group consisting of
hydrogen, hydroxyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.4-alkoxy,
C.sub.1-C.sub.4-thioalkoxy, amino, substituted amino, and halo; Y
is selected from the group consisting of a bond, O, and CH.sub.2;
and each of W, W.sup.1, and W.sup.2 is independently selected from
the group consisting of hydrogen, C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkyl, and a
prodrug group; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, a tautomer,
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a tautomer thereof.
21. A compound according to claim 20 wherein A is C.dbd.O.
22. A compound according to claim 21 wherein B is methylene.
23. A compound according to claim 22 wherein R is methyl.
24. A compound selected from the group consisting of
9-amino-2-(.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-2,6-dihydro-2,3,5,6-tetraaza-benzo[cd]-
azulen-7-one;
2-(2'-methyl-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-9-methylamino-2,6-dihydro-2,3,5,6-te-
traaza-benzo[cd]azulen-7-one;
2-(2'-methyl-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-2,6,7,9-tetrahydro-2,3,5,6,9-pentaaz-
a-benzo[cd]azulen-8-one;
9-acetamido-2-(2'-methyl-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-2,6-dihydro-2,3,5,6-tetr-
aaza-benzo[cd]azulen-7-one;
9-hydrazino-2-(2'-methyl-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-2,6-dihydro-2,3,5,6-tetr-
aaza-benzo[cd]azulen-7-one;
9-fluoro-2-(2'-methyl-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-2,6-dihydro-2,3,5,6-tetraaz-
a-benzo[cd]azulen-7-one;
9-formamido-2-(2'-methyl-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-2,6-dihydro-2,3,5,6-tetr-
aaza-benzo[cd]azulen-7-one;
9-methoxyamino-2-(2'-methyl-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-2,6-dihydro-2,3,5,6-t-
etraaza-benzo[cd]azulen-7-one;
9-amino-2-(2'-methyl-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-2,6-dihydro-2,3,5,6-tetraaza-
-benzo[cd]azulen-7-one;
9-hydroxyamino-2-(2'-methyl-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-2,6-dihydro-2,3,5,6-t-
etraaza-benzo[cd]azulen-7-one;
8-fluoro-2-(2'-methyl-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-2,6-dihydro-2,3,5,6-tetraaz-
a-benzo[cd]azulen-7-one;
9-amino-2-(2'-methyl-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-2,6-dihydro-2,3,5,6,8-pentaa-
za-benzo[cd]azulen-7-one;
9-chloro-2-(2'-methyl-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-2,6-dihydro-2,3,5,6-tetraaz-
a-benzo[cd]azulen-7-one;
9-iodo-2-(2'-methyl-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-2,6-dihydro-2,3,5,6-tetraaza--
benzo[cd]azulen-7-one;
9-amino-2-(2'-O-methyl-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-2,6-dihydro-2,3,5,6-tetraa-
za-benzo[cd]azulen-7-one;
2-(2'-methyl-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-2,6-dihydro-2,3,5,6,8-pentaaza-benzo-
[cd]azulen-7-one;
2-(2'-methyl-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-2,6,7,9-tetrahydro-2,3,5,6,7,9-hexaa-
za-benzo[cd]azulen-8-one;
2-(2'-methyl-.beta.-D-ribofaranosyl)-2,9-dihydro-6H-2,3,5,6,9-pentaaza-be-
nzo[cd]azulene-7,8-dione;
9-cyano-2-(2'-methyl-.beta.-D-ribofaranosyl)-2,6-dihydro-2,3,5,6-tetraaza-
-benzo[cd]azulen-7-one;
9-amino-8-fluoro-2-(2'-methyl-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-2,6-dihydro-2,3,5,6-
-tetraaza-benzo[cd]azulen-7-one;
9-fluoro-2-(2'-methyl-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-6,7-dihydro-2,3,5,6-tetraaz-
a-benzo[cd]azulene;
9-amino-2-(2'-methyl-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-2,6-dihydro-2,3,5,6-tetraaza-
-benzo[cd]azulene-7-thione;
8-amino-2-(2'-methyl-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-2,6-dihydro-2,3,5,6-tetraaza-
-benzo[cd]azulen-7-one;
9-carbamoyl-2-(2'-methyl-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-2,6-dihydro-2,3,5,6-tetr-
aaza-benzo[cd]azulen-7-one;
8-cyano-2-(2'-methyl-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-2,6-dihydro-2,3,5,6-tetraaza-
-benzo[cd]azulen-7-one;
8-carbamoyl-2-(2'-methyl-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-2,6-dihydro-2,3,5,6-tetr-
aaza-benzo[cd]azulen-7-one;
2-(2'-methyl-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-6,7-Dihydro-2,3,5,6,7-pentaaza-benzo-
[cd]azulene;
2-(2'-methyl-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-6,7-Dihydro-2,3,5,6,7,9-hexaaza-benz-
o[cd]azulene;
8-fluoro-2-(2'-methyl-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-2,6-dihydro-2,3,5,6,-tetraa-
za-benzo[cd]azulene-7,9-dione;
2-(2'-methyl-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-2,6-dihydro-2,3,5,6,-tetraaza-benzo[-
cd]azulene-7,9-dione;
8,9-difluoro-2-(2'-methyl-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-2,6-dihydro-2,3,5,6-tet-
raaza-benzo[cd]azulen-7-one;
2-(2'-methyl-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-2,6-dihydro-2,3,5,6,8-pentaaza-benzo-
[cd]azulene-7,9-dione;
9-fluoro-2-(2'-methyl-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-2,6-dihydro-2,3,5,6,8-penta-
aza-benzo[cd]azulen-7-one;
9-fluoro-2-(2'-methyl-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-6,7-dihydro-2,3,5,6-tetraaz-
a-benzo[cd]azulene;
9-amino-2-(5'-triphospho-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-2,6-dihydro-2,3,5,6-tetr-
aaza-benzo[cd]azulen-7-one;
2-(2'-methyl-5'-triphospho-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-9-methylamino-2,6-dihy-
dro-2,3,5,6-tetraaza-benzo[cd]azulen-7-one;
2-(2'-methyl-5'-triphospho-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-2,6,7,9-tetrahydro-2,3-
,5,6,9-pentaaza-benzo[cd]azulen-8-one;
9-acetamido-2-(2'-methyl-5'-triphospho-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-2,6-dihydr-
o-2,3,5,6-tetraaza-benzo[cd]azulen-7-one;
9-hydrazino-2-(2'-methyl-5'-triphospho-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-2,6-dihydr-
o-2,3,5,6-tetraaza-benzo[cd]azulen-7-one;
9-fluoro-2-(2'-methyl-5'-triphospho-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-2,6-dihydro-2-
,3,5,6-tetraaza-benzo[cd]azulen-7-one;
9-formamido-2-(2'-methyl-5'-triphospho-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-2,6-dihydr-
o-2,3,5,6-tetraaza-benzo[cd]azulen-7-one;
9-methoxyamino-2-(2'-methyl-5'-triphospho-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-2,6-dih-
ydro-2,3,5,6-tetraaza-benzo[cd]azulen-7-one;
9-amino-2-(2'-methyl-5'-triphospho-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-2,6-dihydro-2,-
3,5,6-tetraaza-benzo[cd]azulen-7-one;
9-hydroxyamino-2-(2'-methyl-5'-triphospho-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-2,6-dih-
ydro-2,3,5,6-tetraaza-benzo[cd]azulen-7-one;
8-fluoro-2-(2'-methyl-5'-triphospho-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-2,6-dihydro-2-
,3,5,6-tetraaza-benzo[cd]azulen-7-one;
9-amino-2-(2'-methyl-5'-triphospho-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-2,6-dihydro-2,-
3,5,6,8-pentaaza-benzo[cd]azulen-7-one;
9-chloro-2-(2'-methyl-5'-triphospho-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-2,6-dihydro-2-
,3,5,6-tetraaza-benzo[cd]azulen-7-one;
9-iodo-2-(2'-methyl-5'-triphospho-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-2,6-dihydro-2,3-
,5,6-tetraaza-benzo[cd]azulen-7-one;
9-amino-2-(2'-O-methyl-5'-triphospho-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-2,6-dihydro--
2,3,5,6-tetraaza-benzo[cd]azulen-7-one; and
2-(2'-methyl-5'-triphospho-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-2,6-dihydro-2,3,5,6,-t-
etraaza-benzo[cd]azulene-7,9-di one; or a pharmaceutically
acceptable salt, a tautomer, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt
of a tautomer thereof.
25. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a pharmaceutically
acceptable carrier and a therapeutically effective amount of a
compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, a tautomer, or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a tautomer thereof, of any one
of claims 1, 9, or 20 or a mixture of two or more of such
compounds.
26. A method for treating or preventing a viral infection in a
mammal mediated at least in part by a virus in the Flaviviridae
family of viruses, comprising administering to said mammal a
composition of claim 25.
27. The method of claim 26 in combination with a therapeutically
effective amount of one or more agents active against hepatitis C
virus.
28. The method of claim 27 wherein said agent active against
hepatitis C virus is an inhibitor of HCV proteases, HCV polymerase,
HCV helicase, HCV NS4B protein, HCV entry, HCV assembly, HCV
egress, HCV NS5A protein, or inosine 5'-monophosphate
dehydrogenase.
29. The method of claim 27 wherein said active agent against HCV is
Ribavirin, levovirin, viramidine, thymosin alpha-1, an inhibitor of
NS3 serine protease, an inhibitor of inosine monophosphate
dehydrogenase, interferon-alpha, or pegylated interferon-alpha.
30. The method of claim 26 wherein said mammal is a human.
Description
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
[0001] This application claims the benefit under 35 U.S.C. 119(e)
to co-pending provisional application U.S. Ser. No. 60/657,463
filed on Feb. 28, 2005, which is incorporated herein by reference
in its entirety.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Field of the Invention
[0002] The invention relates to the field of pharmaceutical
chemistry, in particular to compounds, compositions and methods for
treating viral infections in mammals mediated, at least in part, by
a virus in the Flaviviridae family of viruses.
REFERENCES
[0003] The following publications, patents, and patent applications
are cited in this application as superscript numbers: [0004] 1.
Szabo, et al., Pathol. Oncol. Res. 2003, 9:215-221. [0005] 2.
Hoofnagle J H, Hepatology 1997, 26:15 S-20S. [0006] 3. Thomson B J
and Finch R G, Clin Microbial Infect. 2005, 11:86-94. [0007] 4.
Moriishi K and Matsuura Y, Antivir. Chem. Chemother. 2003,
14:285-297. [0008] 5. Fried, et al. N. Engl. J. Med 2002,
347:975-982. [0009] 6. Ni, Z. J. and Wagman, A. S. Curr. Opin. Drug
Discov. Devel. 2004, 7, 446-459. [0010] 7. Beaulieu, P. L. and
Tsantrizos, Y. S. Curr. Opin. Investig. Drugs 2004, 5, 838-850.
[0011] 8. Griffith, et al., Ann. Rep. Med. Chem. 39, 223-237, 2004.
[0012] 9. Sommadossi, et al., International Patent Application
Publication No. WO 01/90121, published May 23, 2001 [0013] 10.
Olson et al., Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 2004, 48:3944-53 [0014]
11. Sarisky R. T. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2004, 54:14-6 [0015] 12.
Love et al, J. Virol. 2003, 77:7575-81 [0016] 13. Harper et al., J
Med. Chem. 2005, 48:4547-57 [0017] 14. Hiromasa et al., U.S. Pat.
No. 6,770,666 issued Aug. 3, 2004 [0018] 15. Watashi, et al.,
Molecular Cell, 19, 111-122, 2005 [0019] 16. Horsmans, et al.,
Hepatology, 42, 724-731, 2005 [0020] 17. Carroll, S. S., et al.,
International Patent Application Publication No. WO 02/057287,
published 25 Jul., 2002; [0021] 18. Carroll, S. S., et al.,
International Patent Application Publication No. WO 02/057425,
published 25 Jul., 2002.
[0022] All of the above publications, patents, and patent
applications are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety
to the same extent as if each individual publication or application
was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by
reference in its entirety.
[0023] 2. State of the Art
[0024] Chronic infection with HCV is a major health problem
associated with liver cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma and liver
failure. An estimated 170 million chronic carriers worldwide are at
risk of developing liver disease..sup.1,2 In the United States
alone 2.7 million are chronically infected with HCV, and the number
of HCV-related deaths in 2000 was estimated between 8,000 and
10,000, a number that is expected to increase significantly over
the next years. Infection by HCV is insidious in a high proportion
of chronically infected (and infectious) carriers who may not
experience clinical symptoms for many years. Liver cirrhosis can
ultimately lead to liver failure. Liver failure resulting from
chronic HCV infection is now recognized as a leading cause of liver
transplantation.
[0025] HCV is a member of the Flaviviridae family of RNA viruses
that affect animals and humans. The genome is a single
.about.9.6-kilobase strand of RNA, and consists of one open reading
frame that encodes for a polyprotein of 3000 amino acids flanked by
untranslated regions at both 5' and 3' ends (5'- and 3'-UTR). The
polyprotein serves as the precursor to at least 10 separate viral
proteins critical for replication and assembly of progeny viral
particles. The organization of structural and non-structural
proteins in the HCV polyprotein is as follows:
C-E1-E2-p7-NS2-NS3-NS4a-NS4b-NS5a-NS5b. Because the replicative
cycle of HCV does not involve any DNA intermediate and the virus is
not integrated into the host genome, HCV infection can
theoretically be cured. While the pathology of HCV infection
affects mainly the liver, the virus is found in other cell types in
the body including peripheral blood lymphocytes..sup.3,4
[0026] At present, the standard treatment for chronic HCV is
interferon alpha (IFN-alpha) in combination with ribavirin and this
requires at least six (6) months of treatment. IFN-alpha belongs to
a family of naturally occurring small proteins with characteristic
biological effects such as antiviral, immunoregulatory and
antitumoral activities that are produced and secreted by most
animal nucleated cells in response to several diseases, in
particular viral infections. IFN-alpha is an important regulator of
growth and differentiation affecting cellular communication and
immunological control. Treatment of HCV with interferon has
frequently been associated with adverse side effects such as
fatigue, fever, chills, headache, myalgias, arthralgias, mild
alopecia, psychiatric effects and associated disorders, autoimmune
phenomena and associated disorders and thyroid dysfunction.
Ribavirin, an inhibitor of inosine 5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase
(IMPDH), enhances the efficacy of IFN-alpha in the treatment of
HCV. Despite the introduction of ribavirin, more than 50% of the
patients do not eliminate the virus with the current standard
therapy of interferon-alpha (IFN) and ribavirin. By now, standard
therapy of chronic hepatitis C has been changed to the combination
of pegylated IFN-alpha plus ribavirin. However, a number of
patients still have significant side effects, primarily related to
ribavirin. Ribavirin causes significant hemolysis in 10-20% of
patients treated at currently recommended doses, and the drug is
both teratogenic and embryotoxic. Even with recent improvements, a
substantial fraction of patients do not respond with a sustained
reduction in viral load 5 and there is a clear need for more
effective antiviral therapy of HCV infection.
[0027] A number of approaches are being pursuit to combat the
virus. They include, for example, application of antisense
oligonucleotides or ribozymes for inhibiting HCV replication.
Furthermore, low-molecular weight compounds that directly inhibit
HCV proteins and interfere with viral replication are considered as
attractive strategies to control HCV infection. Among the viral
targets, the NS3/4A protease/helicase and the NS5b RNA-dependent
RNA polymerase are considered the most promising viral targets for
new drugs..sup.6-8
[0028] The NS5b RNA-dependent RNA polymerase in particular has been
shown to be amenable to small-molecule inhibition. Besides several
nucleoside inhibitors,.sup.9,10 at least three allosteric sites
have been described,.sup.7 along with multiple inhibitor
scaffolds..sup.11-14
[0029] Besides targeting viral genes and their transcription and
translation products, antiviral activity can also be achieved by
targeting host cell proteins that are necessary for viral
replication. For example, Watashi et al..sup.15 show how antiviral
activity can be achieved by inhibiting host cell cyclophilins.
Alternatively, a potent TLR7 agonist has been shown to reduce HCV
plasma levels in humans..sup.16
[0030] However, none of the compounds described above have
progressed beyond clinical trials..sup.6,8
[0031] In view of the worldwide epidemic level of HCV and other
members of the Flaviviridae family of viruses, and further in view
of the limited treatment options, there is a strong need for new
effective drugs for treating infections cause by these viruses.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0032] This invention is directed to novel compounds that are
useful in the viral infections in mammals, mediated at least in
part by a virus in the Flaviviridae family of viruses. In one of
its composition aspects, the present invention encompasses
compounds of Formula I:
##STR00002##
wherein:
[0033] R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and
C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkyl;
[0034] X is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halo,
and OW.sup.2;
[0035] Y is selected from the group consisting of a bond, O, and
CH.sub.2;
[0036] Q is absent or is selected from the group consisting of O,
S, and NH, provided that when Q is absent, V and NH are both
attached to a CH.sub.2 group;
[0037] V is selected from the group consisting of N and C-G;
[0038] Z is selected from the group consisting of N and C-G';
[0039] G and G' are independently selected from the group
consisting of hydrogen, amino, aminocarbonyl, methylamino,
dimethylamino, acylamino, alkoxyamino, --SO.sub.3H,
--SO.sub.2NH.sub.2, aminocarbonylamino, oxycarbonylamino,
HR'NCHR''C(O)NH--, azido, cyano, halo, hydroxyamino, and hydrazino
where R' is hydrogen and R'' is a side-chain of an amino acid or
where R' and R'' together with the nitrogen and carbon bound to
each group respectively form a pyrrolidinyl group;
[0040] provided that V and Z are not identical;
[0041] provided that when V is C--H, Z is N;
[0042] T.sup.1 and T.sup.2 are independently selected from the
group consisting of hydrogen, hydroxyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.4-alkoxy,
C.sub.1-C.sub.4-thioalkoxy, amino, substituted amino, and halo;
and
[0043] each of W, W.sup.1, and W.sup.2 is independently selected
from the group consisting of hydrogen, C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkyl, and a
prodrug group; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, a tautomer,
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a tautomer thereof.
[0044] In one aspect, the present invention encompasses compounds
of formula I represented by formula Ia, Ib, and Ic:
##STR00003##
wherein Q, G, G', T.sup.1, T.sup.2, W, W.sup.1, X, Y, and R are
previously defined for formula I, and G for formula Ib is selected
from the group consisting of amino, aminocarbonyl, methylamino,
dimethylamino, acylamino, alkoxyamino, --SO.sub.3H,
--SO.sub.2NH.sub.2, aminocarbonylamino, oxycarbonylamino,
HR'NCHR''C(O)NH--, azido, cyano, halo, hydroxyamino, and hydrazino,
where R' is hydrogen and R'' is a side-chain of an amino acid or
where R' and R'' together with the nitrogen and carbon bound to
each group respectively form a pyrrolidinyl group.
[0045] In another of its composition aspects, the present invention
encompasses compounds of formula II
##STR00004##
wherein:
[0046] R is C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkyl;
[0047] X is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halo,
and OW.sup.2;
[0048] Q' is selected from the group consisting of NH, O, and
S;
[0049] G' is selected from the group consisting of amino,
aminocarbonyl, methylamino, dimethylamino, acylamino, --SO.sub.3H,
--SO.sub.2NH.sub.2, alkoxyamino, aminocarbonylamino,
oxycarbonylamino, HR'NCHR''C(O)NH--, azido, cyano, halo,
hydroxyamino, and hydrazino, where R' is hydrogen and R'' is a
side-chain of an amino acid or where R' and R'' together with the
nitrogen and carbon bound to each group respectively form a
pyrrolidinyl group;
[0050] Y is selected from the group consisting of a bond, O, and
CH.sub.2; and
[0051] each of W, W.sup.1, and W.sup.2 is independently selected
from the group consisting of hydrogen, C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkyl, and a
prodrug group; or
[0052] a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, a tautomer, or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a tautomer thereof.
[0053] In one aspect, the present invention encompasses compounds
of formula II represented by formula IIa:
##STR00005##
wherein:
[0054] Q', G', W, W.sup.1, and W.sup.2 are previously described for
formula II.
[0055] In another of its composition aspects, the present invention
encompasses compounds of formula III:
##STR00006##
wherein:
[0056] A and B are independently selected from the group consisting
of C=Q, NH, and methylene optionally substituted with 1 to 2 halo
groups, provided that A and B are not both NH;
[0057] D is NH, or -D-A-B- together form a --N.dbd.CH--NH--,
--(C=Q)-CH.sub.2--(C=Q)-, --(C=Q)-NH--(C=Q)-,
--(CX')=(CX')--(C=Q)-, or --CH.dbd.CH--NH-- group where X' is
halo;
[0058] each Q is independently selected from the group consisting
of O, S, and NH;
[0059] R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and
C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkyl;
[0060] X is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halo,
and OW.sup.2;
[0061] T.sup.1 and T.sup.2 are independently selected from the
group consisting of hydrogen, hydroxyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.4-alkoxy,
C.sub.1-C.sub.4-thioalkoxy, amino, substituted amino, and halo;
[0062] Y is selected from the group consisting of a bond, O, and
CH.sub.2; and
[0063] each of W, W.sup.1, and W.sup.2 is independently selected
from the group consisting of hydrogen, C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkyl, and a
prodrug group; or
[0064] a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, a tautomer, or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a tautomer thereof.
[0065] The present invention also encompasses pharmaceutical
compositions comprising compounds of formula I, Ia, Ib, Ic, II,
IIa, and III and methods of using these compounds for treating
viral diseases mediated at least in part by a virus in the
Flaviviridae family of viruses.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0066] Throughout this application, the text refers to various
embodiments of the present compounds, compositions, and methods.
The various embodiments described are meant to provide a variety
illustrative examples and should not be construed as descriptions
of alternative species. Rather it should be noted that the
descriptions of various embodiments provided herein may be of
overlapping scope. The embodiments discussed herein are merely
illustrative and are not meant to limit the scope of the present
invention.
DEFINITIONS
[0067] As used herein, the following definitions shall apply unless
otherwise indicated.
[0068] "Alkyl" refers to monovalent saturated hydrocarbyl groups
having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms and preferably 1 to 2 carbon atoms.
This term is exemplified by groups such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl,
iso-propyl, n-butyl, t-butyl, n-pentyl and the like.
[0069] "Substituted alkyl" refers to an alkyl group having from 1
to 3, and preferably 1 to 2, substituents selected from the group
consisting of alkoxy, substituted alkoxy, acyl, acylamino, acyloxy,
oxyacyl, amino, substituted amino, aminoacyl, aryl, substituted
aryl, aryloxy, substituted aryloxy, cyano, halogen, hydroxyl,
nitro, carboxyl, carboxyl ester, cycloalkyl, substituted
cycloalkyl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, heterocyclic, and
substituted heterocyclic.
[0070] "Alkoxy" refers to the group "alkyl-O--" which includes, by
way of example, methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, iso-propoxy, n-butoxy,
t-butoxy, sec-butoxy, n-pentoxy and the like.
[0071] "Alkoxyamino" refers to the group "alkyl-O--NH-". Examples
of alkoxyamino include methoxyamino and ethoxyamino.
[0072] "Substituted alkoxy" refers to the group "substituted
alkyl-O--".
[0073] "Acyl" refers to the groups alkyl-C(O)--, substituted
alkyl-C(O)--, alkenyl-C(O)--, substituted alkenyl-C(O)--,
alkynyl-C(O)--, substituted alkynyl-C(O)--, cycloalkyl-C(O)--,
substituted cycloalkyl-C(O)--, aryl-C(O)--, substituted
aryl-C(O)--, heteroaryl-C(O)--, substituted heteroaryl-C(O),
heterocyclic-C(O)--, and substituted heterocyclic-C(O)--.
[0074] "Aminoacyl" refers to the group --C(O)NR.sup.4R.sup.4 where
each R.sup.4 is independently selected from the group consisting of
hydrogen, alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkenyl, substituted alkenyl,
alkynyl, substituted alkynyl, aryl, substituted aryl, cycloalkyl,
substituted cycloalkyl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl,
heterocyclic, substituted heterocyclic and where each R.sup.4 is
joined to form together with the nitrogen atom a heterocyclic or
substituted heterocyclic ring.
[0075] "Aminocarbonyl" refers to the group --C(O)NH.sub.2 and is a
specific example of an aminoacyl group.
[0076] "Acyloxy" refers to the groups alkyl-C(O)O--, substituted
alkyl-C(O)O--, alkenyl-C(O)O--, substituted alkenyl-C(O)O--,
alkynyl-C(O)O--, substituted alkynyl-C(O)O--, aryl-C(O)O--,
substituted aryl-C(O)O--, cycloalkyl-C(O)O--, substituted
cycloalkyl-C(O)O--, heteroaryl-C(O)O--, substituted
heteroaryl-C(O)O--, heterocyclic-C(O)O--, and substituted
heterocyclic-C(O)O--.
[0077] "Oxyacyl" refers to the groups alkyl-OC(O)--, substituted
alkyl-OC(O)--, alkenyl-OC(O)--, substituted alkenyl-OC(O)--,
alkynyl-OC(O)--, substituted alkynyl-OC(O)--, aryl-OC(O)--,
substituted aryl-OC(O)--, cycloalkyl-OC(O)--, substituted
cycloalkyl-OC(O)--, heteroaryl-OC(O)--, substituted
heteroaryl-OC(O)--, heterocyclic-OC(O)--, and substituted
heterocyclic-OC(O)--.
[0078] "Alkenyl" refers to monovalent hydrocarbyl groups having
from 2 to 6 carbon atoms and preferably 2 to 4 carbon atoms and
having at least 1 and preferably from 1-2 sites of vinyl
(>C.dbd.C<) unsaturation. Such groups are exemplified by
vinyl (ethen-1-yl), allyl, but-3-en-1-yl, and the like. Included
within this term are the cis and trans isomers or mixtures of these
isomers.
[0079] "Substituted alkenyl" refers to alkenyl groups having from 1
to 3 substituents, and preferably 1 to 2 substituents, selected
from the group consisting of alkoxy, substituted alkoxy, acyl,
acylamino, acyloxy, amino, substituted amino, aminoacyl, aryl,
substituted aryl, aryloxy, substituted aryloxy, cyano, halogen,
hydroxyl, nitro, carboxyl, carboxyl ester, cycloalkyl, substituted
cycloalkyl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, heterocyclic, and
substituted heterocyclic with the proviso that any hydroxyl
substitution is not attached to a vinyl (unsaturated) carbon atom.
Preferred substituted alkenyl groups are selected from, but not
limited to, 2,2-difluoroethen-1-yl, 2-methoxyethen-1-yl, and the
like.
[0080] It is understood that the term "substituted alkenyl"
includes both E (cis) and Z (trans) isomers as appropriate. The
isomers can be pure isomeric compounds or mixtures of E and Z
components.
[0081] "Alkynyl" refers to branched or unbranched monovalent,
hydrocarbyl groups having at least 1 site of acetylenic
(--C.ident.C--) unsaturation and having from 2 to 6 carbon atoms
and more preferably 2 to 4 carbon atoms. Preferred alkynyl groups
are selected from but not limit to ethyn-1-yl, propyn-1-yl,
propyn-2-yl, 1-methylprop-2-yn-1-yl, butyn-1-yl, butyn-2-yl,
butyn-3-yl, and the like.
[0082] "Substituted alkynyl" refers to alkynyl groups having from 1
to 3 substituents, and preferably 1 to 2 substituents, selected
from the group consisting of alkoxy, substituted alkoxy, acyl,
acylamino, acyloxy, amino, substituted amino, aminoacyl, aryl,
substituted aryl, aryloxy, substituted aryloxy, cyano, halogen,
hydroxyl, nitro, carboxyl, carboxyl ester, cycloalkyl, substituted
cycloalkyl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, heterocyclic, and
substituted heterocyclic with the proviso that any hydroxyl
substitution is not attached to an acetylenic carbon atom.
Preferred substituted alkynyl groups are selected from but not
limit to 2-fluoroethyn-1-yl, 3,3,3-trifluoropropyn-1-yl,
3-aminopropyn-1-yl, 3-hydroxypropyn-1-yl, and the like.
[0083] "Amino" refers to the group --NH.sub.2.
[0084] "Substituted amino" refers to the group --NR'R'' where R'
and R'' are independently selected from the group consisting of
hydrogen, alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkenyl, substituted alkenyl,
alkynyl, substituted alkynyl, aryl, substituted aryl, cycloalkyl,
substituted cycloalkyl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl,
heterocyclic, substituted heterocyclic and where R' and R'' are
joined, together with the nitrogen bound thereto to form a
heterocyclic or substituted heterocyclic group provided that R' and
R'' are both not hydrogen. When R' is hydrogen and R'' is alkyl,
the substituted amino group is sometimes referred to herein as
alkylamino. When R' and R'' are alkyl, the substituted amino group
is sometimes referred to herein as dialkylamino. Substituted amino
groups include methylamino (--NHCH.sub.3) and dimethylamino
(--N(CH.sub.3).sub.2).
[0085] "Acylamino" refers to the groups --NR.sup.5C(O)alkyl,
--NR.sup.5C(O)substituted alkyl, --NR.sup.5C(O)cycloalkyl,
--NR.sup.5C(O)substituted cycloalkyl, --NR.sup.5C(O)alkenyl,
--NR.sup.5C(O)substituted alkenyl, --NR.sup.5C(O)alkynyl,
--NR.sup.5C(O)substituted alkynyl, --NR.sup.5C(O)aryl,
--NR.sup.5C(O)substituted aryl, --NR.sup.5C(O)heteroaryl,
--NR.sup.5C(O)substituted heteroaryl, --NR.sup.5C(O)heterocyclic,
and --NR.sup.5C(O)substituted heterocyclic where R.sup.5 is
hydrogen or alkyl.
[0086] "Aminocarbonylamino" refers to the group
--NR.sup.a(C.dbd.O)NR.sup.bR.sup.c wherein R.sup.a, R.sup.b, and
R.sup.c are independently selected from the group consisting of
hydrogen and C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl.
[0087] "Aryl" or "Ar" refers to a monovalent aromatic carbocyclic
group of from 6 to 14 carbon atoms having a single ring (e.g.,
phenyl) or multiple condensed rings (e.g., naphthyl or anthryl)
which condensed rings may or may not be aromatic (e.g.,
2-benzoxazolinone, 2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one-7-yl, and the like)
provided that the point of attachment is at an aromatic carbon
atom. Preferred aryls include phenyl and naphthyl.
[0088] "Substituted aryl", including "substituted phenyl" refers to
aryl groups or phenyl groups which are substituted with from 1 to 3
substituents, and preferably 1 to 2 substituents, selected from the
group consisting of hydroxyl, acyl, acylamino, acyloxy, alkyl,
substituted alkyl, alkoxy, substituted alkoxy, alkenyl, substituted
alkenyl, alkynyl, substituted alkynyl, amino, substituted amino,
aminoacyl, aryl, substituted aryl, aryloxy, substituted aryloxy,
cycloalkoxy, substituted cycloalkoxy, carboxyl, carboxyl ester,
cyano, thiol, thioalkyl, substituted thioalkyl, thioaryl,
substituted thioaryl, thioheteroaryl, substituted thioheteroaryl,
thiocycloalkyl, substituted thiocycloalkyl, thioheterocyclic,
substituted thioheterocyclic, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl,
halo, nitro, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, heterocyclic,
substituted heterocyclic, heteroaryloxy, substituted heteroaryloxy,
heterocyclyloxy, and substituted heterocyclyloxy.
[0089] "Aryloxy" refers to the group aryl-O-- that includes, by way
of example, phenoxy, naphthoxy, and the like.
[0090] "Substituted aryloxy" refers to substituted aryl-O--
groups.
[0091] "Azido" refers to the group --N.sub.3.
[0092] "Carboxyl" or "carboxy" refers to --COOH or salts
thereof.
[0093] "Carboxyl ester" or "carboxy ester" refers to the groups
--C(O)O-alkyl, --C(O)O-substituted alkyl --C(O)O-aryl, and
C(O)O-substituted aryl wherein alkyl, substituted alkyl, aryl and
substituted aryl are as defined herein.
[0094] "Cyano" refers to the group --CN.
[0095] "Cycloalkyl" refers to cyclic alkyl groups of from 3 to 10
carbon atoms having single or multiple cyclic rings including, by
way of example, adamantyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl,
cyclooctyl and the like.
[0096] "Substituted cycloalkyl" refers to a cycloalkyl having from
1 to 5 substituents selected from the group consisting of oxo
(.dbd.O), thioxo (.dbd.S), alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkoxy,
substituted alkoxy, acyl, acylamino, acyloxy, amino, substituted
amino, aminoacyl, aryl, substituted aryl, aryloxy, substituted
aryloxy, cyano, halogen, hydroxyl, nitro, carboxyl, carboxyl ester,
cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, heteroaryl, substituted
heteroaryl, heterocyclic, and substituted heterocyclic.
[0097] "Cycloalkoxy" refers to --O-cycloalkyl groups.
[0098] "Substituted cycloalkoxy" refers to --O-substituted
cycloalkyl groups.
[0099] "Formyl" refers to the C(O)H group.
[0100] "Halo" or "halogen" refers to fluoro, chloro, bromo and iodo
and preferably is fluoro or chloro.
[0101] "Heteroaryl" refers to an aromatic group of from 1 to 10
carbon atoms and 1 to 4 heteroatoms selected from the group
consisting of oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur in the ring. The sulfur and
nitrogen heteroatoms atoms may also be present in their oxidized
forms, such as N(O), S(O) and S(O).sub.2. Such heteroaryl groups
can have a single ring (e.g., pyridyl or furyl) or multiple
condensed rings (e.g., indolizinyl or benzothienyl) wherein the
condensed rings may or may not be aromatic and/or contain a
heteroatom provided that the point of attachment is through an atom
of the aromatic heteroaryl group. Preferred heteroaryls include
pyridyl, pyrrolyl, thienyl, indolyl, thiophenyl, and furyl.
[0102] "Substituted heteroaryl" refers to heteroaryl groups that
are substituted with from 1 to 3 substituents selected from the
same group of substituents defined for substituted aryl.
[0103] "Heteroaryloxy" refers to the group --O-heteroaryl and
"substituted heteroaryloxy" refers to the group --O-substituted
heteroaryl.
[0104] "Heterocycle" or "heterocyclic" or "heterocycloalkyl" refers
to a saturated or unsaturated group (but not heteroaryl) having a
single ring or multiple condensed rings, from 1 to 10 carbon atoms
and from 1 to 4 hetero atoms selected from the group consisting of
nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, S(O), and S(O).sub.2 within the ring
wherein, in fused ring systems, one or more the rings can be
cycloalkyl, aryl or heteroaryl provided that the point of
attachment is through the heterocyclic ring.
[0105] "Substituted heterocyclic" or "substituted heterocycloalkyl"
refers to heterocycle groups that are substituted with from 1 to 3
of the same substituents as defined for substituted cycloalkyl.
[0106] Examples of heterocycles and heteroaryls include, but are
not limited to, azetidine, pyrrole, imidazole, pyrazole, pyridine,
pyrazine, pyrimidine, pyridazine, indolizine, isoindole, indole,
dihydroindole, indazole, purine, quinolizine, isoquinoline,
quinoline, phthalazine, naphthylpyridine, quinoxaline, quinazoline,
cinnoline, pteridine, carbazole, carboline, phenanthridine,
acridine, phenanthroline, isothiazole, phenazine, isoxazole,
phenoxazine, phenothiazine, imidazolidine, imidazoline, piperidine,
piperazine, indoline, phthalimide, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline,
4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo[b]thiophene, thiazole, thiazolidine,
thiophene, benzo[b]thiophene, morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl (also
referred to as thiamorpholinyl), piperidinyl, pyrrolidine,
tetrahydrofuranyl, and the like.
[0107] "Heterocyclyloxy" refers to the group --O-heterocyclic and
"substituted heterocyclyloxy" refers to the group --O-substituted
heterocyclic.
[0108] "Hydroxyamino" refers to the group --NHOH.
[0109] "Hydrazino" refers to the group --NHNH.sub.2.
[0110] "Oxycarbonylamino" refers to --NR.sup.a(C.dbd.O)--O--R.sup.d
wherein R.sup.a and R.sup.d are independently selected from the
group consisting of hydrogen and C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl.
[0111] "Pyrrolidinyl" refers to a saturated five membered ring
having one ring nitrogen atom. The heterocyclic ring of the amino
acid proline is an example of a pyrrolidinyl group.
[0112] "Prodrug", "prodrugs", and "pharmaceutically acceptable
prodrugs" refer to a derivative of an active compound (drug) that
undergoes a transformation under the conditions of use, such as
within the body, to release an active drug or an active metabolite
thereof. Prodrugs are frequently, but not necessarily,
pharmacologically inactive until converted into the active drug or
an active metabolite thereof. Prodrugs are typically obtained by
masking one or more functional groups in the drug believed to be in
part required for activity with a prodrug group (defined below) to
form a prodrug moiety which undergoes a transformation, such as
cleavage, under the specified conditions of use to release the
functional group, and hence the active drug. The cleavage of the
prodrug moiety may proceed spontaneously, such as by way of a
hydrolysis reaction, or it may be catalyzed or induced by another
agent, such as by an enzyme, by light, by acid, or by a change of
or exposure to a physical or environmental parameter, such as a
change of temperature or pH. The agent may be endogenous to the
conditions of use, such as an enzyme present in the cells to which
the prodrug is administered or the acidic conditions of the
stomach, or it may be supplied exogenously.
[0113] A wide variety of prodrug groups, as well as the resultant
prodrug moieties, suitable for masking functional groups in active
compounds to yield prodrugs are well-known in the art. For example,
a hydroxyl functional group may be masked as a sulfonate, ester or
carbonate prodrug moiety, which may be hydrolyzed in vitro to
provide the hydroxyl group. An amino functional group may be masked
as an amide, imine, phosphinyl, phosphonyl, phosphoryl or sulfenyl
promoiety, which may be hydrolyzed in vivo to provide the amino
group. A carboxyl group may be masked as an ester (including silyl
esters and thioesters), amide or hydrazide prodrug moiety, which
may be hydrolyzed in vivo to provide the carboxyl group. Other
specific examples of suitable prodrug groups and their respective
prodrug moieties will be apparent to those of skill in the art.
[0114] "Prodrug group" refers to a type of protecting group that,
when used to mask a functional group within an active drug to form
a prodrug moiety, converts the drug into a prodrug. Prodrug groups
are typically attached to the functional group of the drug via
bonds that are cleavable under specified conditions of use. Thus, a
prodrug group is that portion of a prodrug moiety that cleaves to
release the functional group under the specified conditions of use.
As a specific example, an amide prodrug moiety of the formula
--NH--C(O)CH.sub.3 comprises the prodrug group --C(O)CH.sub.3.
[0115] "Phosphate" refers to the groups --OP(O)(OH).sub.2
(monophosphate or phospho), --OP(O)(OH)OP(O)(OH).sub.2 (diphosphate
or diphospho) and --OP(O)(OH)OP(O)(OH)OP(O)(OH).sub.2 (triphosphate
or triphospho) or salts thereof including partial salts thereof. It
is understood, of course, that the initial oxygen of the mono-, di-
and triphosphate (phospho, diphospho and triphospho) includes the
oxygen atom at, for example, the 5-position of the ribose
sugar.
[0116] "Phosphate esters" refers to the mono-, di- and
tri-phosphate groups described above wherein one or more of the
hydroxyl groups is replaced by an alkoxy group.
[0117] "Phosphonate" refers to the groups --OP(O)(R.sup.6)(OH) or
--OP(O)(R.sup.6)(OR.sup.6') or salts thereof including partial
salts thereof, wherein R.sup.6 is independently selected from
hydrogen, alkyl, and substituted alkyl, and R.sup.6' is
independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl, substituted alkyl,
carboxylic acid, and carboxyl ester. It is understood, of course,
that the initial oxygen of the phosphonate includes the oxygen atom
at, for example, the 5-position of the ribose sugar.
[0118] "Phosphorodiamidate" refers to the group:
##STR00007##
[0119] where each R.sup.7 may be the same or different and each is
hydrogen, alkyl, substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, or substituted
cycloalkyl. A particularly preferred phosphorodiamidate is the
following group:
##STR00008##
[0120] "Phosphoramidate monoester" refers to the group below, where
R.sup.3 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl,
substituted alkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, cycloalkyl, substituted
cycloalkyl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, heterocyclic and
substituted heterocyclic and a side-chain of an amino acid; and
R.sup.8 is hydrogen or alkyl. In a preferred embodiment R.sup.3 is
derived from an L-amino acid.
##STR00009##
[0121] "Phosphoramidate diester" refers to the group below, where
R.sup.10 is selected from the group consisting of alkyl,
substituted alkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, cycloalkyl, substituted
cycloalkyl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, heterocyclic and
substituted heterocyclic, and R.sup.3 and R.sup.8 are as defined
above. In a preferred embodiment R.sup.3 is derived from an L-amino
acid.
##STR00010##
[0122] "Cyclic phosphoramidate" refers to the group below, where n
is 1 to 3, more preferably n is 1 to 2.
##STR00011##
[0123] "Cyclic phosphorodiamidate" refers to the group below, where
n is 1 to 3, more preferably n is 1 to 2.
##STR00012##
[0124] "Phosphonamidate" refers to the group below, where R.sup.11
is hydrogen, alkyl, substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, or substituted
cycloalkyl.
##STR00013##
[0125] "Thiol" refers to the group --SH.
[0126] "Thioalkyl" or "alkylthioether" or "thioalkoxy" refers to
the group --S-alkyl.
[0127] "Substituted thioalkyl" or "substituted alkylthioether" or
"substituted thioalkoxy" refers to the group --S-substituted
alkyl.
[0128] "Thiocycloalkyl" refers to the groups --S-cycloalkyl and
"substituted thiocycloalkyl" refers to the group --S-substituted
cycloalkyl.
[0129] "Thioaryl" refers to the group --S-aryl and "substituted
thioaryl" refers to the group --S-substituted aryl.
[0130] "Thioheteroaryl" refers to the group --S-heteroaryl and
"substituted thioheteroaryl" refers to the group --S-substituted
heteroaryl.
[0131] "Thioheterocyclic" refers to the group --S-heterocyclic and
"substituted thioheterocyclic" refers to the group --S-substituted
heterocyclic.
[0132] The term "amino acid side-chain" refers to the R.sup.3
substituent of .alpha.-amino acids of the formula
R.sup.13NHCH(R.sup.3)COOH where R.sup.3 is selected from the group
consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, substituted alkyl and aryl and
R.sup.13 is hydrogen or together with R.sup.3 and the nitrogen and
carbon atoms bound thereto respectively form a heterocyclic ring.
Preferably, the .alpha.-amino acid side-chain is the side-chain one
of the twenty naturally occurring L amino acids. Such side chains
include hydrogen (glycine), methyl (alanine), isopropyl (valine),
sec-butyl (leucine), 1-methylprop-1-yl (isoleucine), benzyl
(phenylalanine), 4-hydroxybenzyl (tyrosine), indol-3-ylmethylene
(tryptophan), 2-(methylthio)eth-1-yl (methionine), hydroxymethyl
(serine), 1-hydroxyeth-1-yl (threonine), thiomethyl (cysteine),
H.sub.2NC(O)CH.sub.2-(asparagine), H.sub.2NC(O)CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
(glutamine), HOOCCH.sub.2-- (aspartic acid),
HOOCCH.sub.2CH.sub.2-(glutamic acid), 4-amino-n-but-1-yl (lysine),
3-guanadinoprop-1-yl (arginine), imidazol-4-ylmethyl (histidine)
and where R.sup.13 and R.sup.3 form a pyrrolidinyl ring
(proline).
[0133] The term "pharmaceutically acceptable salt" refers to
pharmaceutically acceptable salts of a compound, which salts are
derived from a variety of organic and inorganic counter ions well
known in the art and include, by way of example only, sodium,
potassium, calcium, magnesium, ammonium, tetraalkyl-ammonium, and
the like; and when the molecule contains a basic functionality,
salts of organic or inorganic acids, such as hydrochloride,
hydrobromide, tartrate, mesylate, acetate, maleate, oxalate and the
like.
[0134] The term "pharmaceutically acceptable partial salts" refers
to compounds having a substituent capable of having more than one
group form a salt but less than the maximum amount of such groups
actually form a salt. For example, a diphospho group can form a
plurality of salts and, if only partially ionized, the resulting
group is sometimes referred to herein as a partial salt.
[0135] "Tautomer" refer to alternate forms of a compound that
differ in the position of a proton, such as enol-keto and
imine-enamine tautomers, or the tautomeric forms of heteroaryl
groups containing a ring atom attached to both a ring --NH-- moiety
and a ring .dbd.N-- moeity such as pyrazoles, imidazoles,
benzimidazoles, triazoles, and tetrazoles.
[0136] The equilibrium between tautomers is rapid under normal
conditions and often strongly favors one of the isomers (acetone,
for example, is 99.999% keto tautomer). Even in such one-sided
equilibria, evidence for the presence of the minor tautomer comes
from the chemical behavior of the compound. Tautomeric equilibria
are catalyzed by traces of acids or bases that are generally
present in most chemical samples. Some examples of tautomers of the
present invention are shown below:
##STR00014##
[0137] It is understood that in all substituted groups defined
above, polymers arrived at by defining substituents with further
substituents to themselves (e.g., substituted aryl having a
substituted aryl group as a substituent which is itself substituted
with a substituted aryl group, which is further substituted by a
substituted aryl group etc.) are not intended for inclusion herein.
In such cases, the maximum number of such substitutions is three.
For example, serial substitutions of substituted aryl groups with
two other substituted aryl groups are limited to -substituted
aryl-(substituted aryl)-substituted aryl.
[0138] Similarly, it is understood that the above definitions are
not intended to include impermissible substitution patterns (e.g.,
methyl substituted with 5 fluoro groups). Such impermissible
substitution patterns are well known to the skilled artisan.
[0139] Accordingly, the present invention encompasses a compound
represented by formula I
##STR00015##
wherein:
[0140] R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and
C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkyl;
[0141] X is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halo,
and OW.sup.2;
[0142] Y is selected from the group consisting of a bond, O, and
CH.sub.2;
[0143] Q is absent or is selected from the group consisting of O,
S, and NH, provided that when Q is absent, V and NH are both
attached to a CH.sub.2 group;
[0144] V is selected from the group consisting of N and C-G;
[0145] Z is selected from the group consisting of N and C-G';
[0146] G and G' are independently selected from the group
consisting of hydrogen, amino, aminocarbonyl, methylamino,
dimethylamino, acylamino, alkoxyamino, --SO.sub.3H,
--SO.sub.2NH.sub.2, aminocarbonylamino, oxycarbonylamino,
HR'NCHR''C(O)NH--, azido, cyano, halo, hydroxyamino, and hydrazino,
where R' is hydrogen and R'' is a side-chain of an amino acid or
where R' and R'' together with the nitrogen and carbon bound to
each group respectively form a pyrrolidinyl group;
[0147] provided that V and Z are not identical;
[0148] provided that when V is C--H, Z is N;
[0149] T.sup.1 and T.sup.2 are independently selected from the
group consisting of hydrogen, hydroxyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.4-alkoxy,
C.sub.1-C.sub.4-thioalkoxy, amino, substituted amino, and halo;
and
[0150] each of W, W.sup.1, and W.sup.2 is independently selected
from the group consisting of hydrogen, C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkyl, and a
prodrug group; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, a tautomer,
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a tautomer thereof.
[0151] In some embodiments of the compounds of formula I, R is
methyl. In some aspects Y is O. In other aspects X is OW.sup.2 and
W.sup.1, W.sup.2, and W.sup.3 are hydrogen. In still other aspects
T.sup.1 and T.sup.2 are hydrogen. In some aspects Q is O.
[0152] In some embodiments of the compounds of formula I, X is
fluoro.
[0153] In one embodiment, a compound of formula I is represented by
formula Ia:
##STR00016##
wherein:
[0154] Q, G, T.sup.1, T.sup.2, Y, W, W.sup.1, X, and R are as
described for formula I.
[0155] In some embodiments of the compounds of formula Ia or in
combination with any of the formula Ia embodiments, G is azido,
amino, acylamino, cyano, hydrogen, and halo. In some aspects G is
hydrogen. In other aspects, G is halo. In some aspects, G is
fluorine.
[0156] In some embodiments of the compounds of formula Ia or in
combination with any of the formula Ia embodiments, Q is O.
[0157] In some embodiments of the compounds of formula Ia or in
combination with any of the formula Ia embodiments, Q is
absent.
[0158] In some embodiments of the compounds of formula Ia or in
combination with any of the formula Ia embodiments, R is methyl. In
some aspects Y is O. In other aspects X is OW.sup.2 and W.sup.1,
W.sup.2, and W.sup.3 are hydrogen. In still other aspects T.sup.1
and T.sup.2 are hydrogen.
[0159] In some embodiments of the compounds of formula Ia or in
combination with any of the formula Ia embodiments, X is
fluoro.
[0160] In some embodiments of the compounds of formula Ia or in
combination with any of the formula Ia embodiments, one of W.sup.1
or W.sup.2 is a prodrug group.
[0161] In another embodiment, a compound of formula I is
represented by formula Ib
##STR00017##
wherein:
[0162] G is selected from the group consisting of amino,
aminocarbonyl, methylamino, dimethylamino, acylamino, alkoxyamino,
--SO.sub.3H, --SO.sub.2NH.sub.2, aminocarbonylamino,
oxycarbonylamino, HR'NCHR''C(O)NH--, azido, cyano, halo,
hydroxyamino, and hydrazino, where R' is hydrogen and R'' is a
side-chain of an amino acid or where R' and R'' together with the
nitrogen and carbon bound to each group respectively form a
pyrrolidinyl group; and
[0163] Q, T.sup.1, T.sup.2, Y, W, W.sup.1, X, and R are as
described for formula I.
[0164] In some embodiments of the compounds of formula Ib or in
combination with any of the formula Ib embodiments, G is azido,
amino, acylamino, cyano, and halo. In some aspects G is halo. In
some aspects, G is fluorine. In other aspects G is amino.
[0165] In some embodiments of the compounds of formula Ib or in
combination with any of the formula Ib embodiments, Q is O.
[0166] In some embodiments of the compounds of formula Ib or in
combination with any of the formula Ib embodiments, Q is
absent.
[0167] In some embodiments of the compounds of formula Ib or in
combination with any of the formula Ib embodiments, R is methyl. In
some aspects Y is O. In other aspects X is OW.sup.2 and W.sup.1,
W.sup.2, and W.sup.3 are hydrogen. In still other aspects T.sup.1
and T.sup.2 are hydrogen.
[0168] In some embodiments of the compounds of formula Ib or in
combination with any of the formula Ib embodiments, X is
fluoro.
[0169] In some embodiments of the compounds of formula Ib or in
combination with any of the formula Ib embodiments, one of W.sup.1
or W.sup.2 is a prodrug group.
[0170] In another embodiment, a compound of formula I is
represented by formula Ic:
##STR00018##
wherein:
[0171] Q, G', T.sup.1, T.sup.2, Y, W, W.sup.1, X, and R are as
described for formula I.
[0172] In some embodiments of the compounds of formula Ic or in
combination with any of the formula Ic embodiments, Q is O.
[0173] In some embodiments of the compounds of formula Ic or in
combination with any of the formula Ic embodiments, Q is
absent.
[0174] In some embodiments of the compounds of formula Ic or in
combination with any of the formula Ic embodiments, G'is selected
from the group consisting of azido, amino, aminocarbonyl,
acylamino, alkoxyamino, cyano, halo, hydroxyamino, hydrogen, and
hydrazino.
[0175] In some embodiments of the compounds of formula Ic or in
combination with any of the formula Ic embodiments, G'is selected
from the group consisting of azido, amino, acylamino, cyano,
hydrogen, and halo.
[0176] In some embodiments of the compounds of formula Ic or in
combination with any of the formula Ic embodiments, G'is selected
from the group consisting of fluoro, chloro, iodo, methoxyamino,
hydroxyamino, --NH(CO)H, --NH(CO)CH.sub.3, hydrazino, amino,
aminocarbonyl, and cyano. In some aspects G'is selected from the
group consisting of fluoro, chloro, iodo, --NH(CO)H,
--NH(CO)CH.sub.3, amino, and cyano.
[0177] In some embodiments of the compounds of formula Ic or in
combination with any of the formula Ic embodiments, R is methyl. In
some aspects Y is O. In other aspects X is OW.sup.2 and W.sup.1,
W.sup.2, and W.sup.3 are hydrogen. In still other aspects T.sup.1
and T.sup.2 are hydrogen.
[0178] In some embodiments of the compounds of formula Ic or in
combination with any of the formula Ic embodiments, X is
fluoro.
[0179] In some embodiments of the compounds of formula Ic or in
combination with any of the formula Ic embodiments, one of W.sup.1
or W.sup.2 is a prodrug group.
[0180] The present invention also encompasses a compound of formula
II:
##STR00019##
wherein:
[0181] R is C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkyl;
[0182] X is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halo,
and OW.sup.2;
[0183] Q' is selected from the group consisting of NH, O, and
S;
[0184] G'is selected from the group consisting of amino,
aminocarbonyl, methylamino, dimethylamino, acylamino, --SO.sub.3H,
--SO.sub.2NH.sub.2, alkoxyamino, aminocarbonylamino,
oxycarbonylamino, HR'NCHR''C(O)NH--, azido, cyano, halo,
hydroxyamino, and hydrazino,
[0185] where R' is hydrogen and R'' is a side-chain of an amino
acid or where R' and R'' together with the nitrogen and carbon
bound to each group respectively form a pyrrolidinyl group;
[0186] Y is selected from the group consisting of a bond, O, and
CH.sub.2; and
[0187] each of W, W.sup.1, and W.sup.2 is independently selected
from the group consisting of hydrogen, C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkyl, and a
prodrug group; or
[0188] a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, a tautomer, or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a tautomer thereof.
[0189] In some embodiments of the compounds of formula II or in
combination with any of the formula II embodiments, Q' is O.
[0190] In some embodiments of the compounds of formula II or in
combination with any of the formula II embodiments, G'is selected
from the group consisting of azido, amino, aminocarbonyl,
acylamino, alkoxyamino, cyano, halo, hydroxyamino, and
hydrazino.
[0191] In some embodiments of the compounds of formula II or in
combination with any of the formula II embodiments, G'is selected
from the group consisting of azido, amino, acylamino, cyano, and
halo.
[0192] In some embodiments of the compounds of formula II or in
combination with any of the formula II embodiments, G'is selected
from the group consisting of fluoro, chloro, iodo, methoxyamino,
hydroxyamino, --NH(CO)H, --NH(CO)CH.sub.3, hydrazino, amino, and
cyano. In some aspects G'is selected from the group consisting of
fluoro, chloro, iodo, --NH(CO)H, --NH(CO)CH.sub.3, amino, and
cyano.
[0193] In some embodiments of the compounds of formula II or in
combination with any of the formula II embodiments, R is methyl. In
some aspects Y is O. In other aspects X is OW.sup.2 and W.sup.1,
W.sup.2, and W.sup.3 are hydrogen. In still other aspects T.sup.1
and T.sup.2 are hydrogen.
[0194] In some embodiments of the compounds of formula II or in
combination with any of the formula II embodiments, X is
fluoro.
[0195] In some embodiments of the compounds of formula II or in
combination with any of the formula II embodiments, one of W.sup.1
or W.sup.2 is a prodrug group.
[0196] In another embodiment, a compound of formula II is
represented by formula Ia:
##STR00020##
wherein:
[0197] Q', G', W, W.sup.1, and W.sup.2 are as described for formula
II.
[0198] In some embodiments of the compounds of formula Ia or in
combination with any of the formula Ia embodiments, Q' is O.
[0199] In some embodiments of the compounds of formula IIa or in
combination with any of the formula IIa embodiments, G'is selected
from the group consisting of azido, amino, aminocarbonyl,
acylamino, alkoxyamino, cyano, halo, hydroxyamino, and
hydrazino.
[0200] In some embodiments of the compounds of formula Ia or in
combination with any of the formula IIa embodiments, G'is selected
from the group consisting of azido, amino, acylamino, cyano, and
halo.
[0201] In some embodiments of the compounds of formula Ia or in
combination with any of the formula IIa embodiments, G'is selected
from the group consisting of fluoro, chloro, iodo, methoxyamino,
hydroxyamino, --NH(CO)H, --NH(CO)CH.sub.3, hydrazino, amino,
aminocarbonyl, and cyano. In some aspects G'is selected from the
group consisting of fluoro, chloro, iodo, --NH(CO)H,
--NH(CO)CH.sub.3, amino, and cyano.
[0202] In some embodiments of the compounds of formula Ia or in
combination with any of the formula Ia embodiments, Y is O.
[0203] In some embodiments of the compounds of formula Ia or in
combination with any of the formula Ia embodiments, W, W.sup.1, and
W.sup.2 are hydrogen.
[0204] In some embodiments of the compounds of formula Ia or in
combination with any of the formula IIa embodiments, one of W.sup.1
or W.sup.2 is a prodrug group.
[0205] The present invention also encompasses a compound of formula
III:
##STR00021##
wherein:
[0206] A and B are independently selected from the group consisting
of C=Q, NH, and methylene optionally substituted with 1 to 2 halo
groups, provided that A and B are not both NH;
[0207] D is NH, or -D-A-B- together form a --N.dbd.CH--NH--,
--(C=Q)-CH.sub.2--(C=Q)-, --(C=Q)-NH--(C=Q)-,
--(CX')=(CX')--(C=Q)-, or --CH.dbd.CH--NH-- group where X' is
halo;
[0208] each Q is independently selected from the group consisting
of O, S, and NH;
[0209] R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and
C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkyl;
[0210] X is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halo,
and OW.sup.2;
[0211] T.sup.1 and T.sup.2 are independently selected from the
group consisting of hydrogen, hydroxyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.4-alkoxy,
C.sub.1-C.sub.4-thioalkoxy, amino, substituted amino, and halo;
[0212] Y is selected from the group consisting of O and CH.sub.2;
and
[0213] each of W, W.sup.1, and W.sup.2 is independently selected
from the group consisting of hydrogen, C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkyl, and a
prodrug group; or
[0214] a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, a tautomer, or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a tautomer thereof.
[0215] In some embodiments of the compounds of formula III or in
combination with any of the formula III embodiments, A is
C.dbd.O.
[0216] In some embodiments of the compounds of formula III or in
combination with any of the formula III embodiments, B is
methylene.
[0217] In some embodiments of the compounds of formula III or in
combination with any of the formula III embodiments, Y is O.
[0218] In some embodiments of the compounds of formula III or in
combination with any of the formula III embodiments, R is
methyl.
[0219] In some embodiments of the compounds of formula III or in
combination with any of the formula III embodiments, T.sup.1 and
T.sup.2 are hydrogen.
[0220] In some embodiments of the compounds of formula III or in
combination with any of the formula III embodiments, -D-A-B-
together form a --N.dbd.CH--NH--,
--(C.dbd.O)--CH.sub.2--(C.dbd.O)--, --(C.dbd.O)--NH--(C.dbd.O)--,
--(CF)=(CF)--(C.dbd.O)--, or a --CH.dbd.CH--NH-- group.
[0221] In some embodiments of the compounds of formula III or in
combination with any of the formula III embodiments, -D-A-B-
together form a --N.dbd.CH--NH--, --(CX')=(CX')--(C=Q)-, or
--CH.dbd.CH--NH-- group.
[0222] In some embodiments of the compounds of formula III or in
combination with any of the formula III embodiments, X is
fluoro.
[0223] In some embodiments of the compounds of formula III or in
combination with any of the formula III embodiments, W, W.sup.1,
and W.sup.2 are hydrogen.
[0224] In some embodiments of the compounds of formula III or in
combination with any of the formula III embodiments, one of W.sup.1
W.sup.2 is a prodrug group.
[0225] In one embodiment the compounds of formula I, Ia, Ib, Ic,
II, IIa, and III, X is O--W.sup.2 and each of W, W.sup.1, and
W.sup.2 is independently hydrogen or a pharmaceutically acceptable
prodrug group selected from the group consisting of acyl, oxyacyl,
phosphonate, phosphate esters, phosphate, phosphonamidate,
phosphorodiamidate, phosphoramidate monoester, cyclic
phosphoramidate, cyclic phosphorodiamidate, phosphoramidate
diester, and --C(O)CHR.sup.3NHR.sup.13, where R.sup.13 is hydrogen
and R.sup.3 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen,
alkyl, substituted alkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, cycloalkyl,
substituted cycloalkyl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl,
heterocyclic and substituted heterocyclic and a side-chain of an
amino acid; or R.sup.3 and R.sup.13 together with the carbon and
nitrogen atoms bound thereto respectively form a heterocyclic ring.
Preferably, W is hydrogen, phospho, diphospho, or triphospho.
[0226] In another embodiment compounds of formula I, Ia, Ib, Ic,
II, IIa, and III, X is O--W.sup.2 and one of W, W.sup.1, and
W.sup.2 is hydrogen. In another embodiment, W and W.sup.1 are H, or
W and W.sup.2 are H, or W.sup.2 and W.sup.1 are H. In yet another
embodiment each of W, W.sup.1, and W.sup.2 is hydrogen.
[0227] In another embodiment compounds of formula I, Ia, Ib, Ic,
II, IIa, and III, X is O--W.sup.2 and W.sup.1 is represented by the
formula:
##STR00022##
wherein R.sup.3 is a side-chain of an amino acid; R.sup.8 is
hydrogen or alkyl; and R.sup.10 is selected from the group
consisting of alkyl, substituted alkyl, aryl, substituted aryl,
cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, heteroaryl, substituted
heteroaryl, heterocyclic and substituted heterocyclic. Preferably
one of W.sup.1 and W.sup.2 is hydrogen. More preferably W.sup.1 and
W.sup.2 are hydrogen.
[0228] In another embodiment compounds of formula I, Ia, Ib, Ic,
II, IIa, and III, X is O--W.sup.2 and W.sup.1 is represented by the
formula:
##STR00023##
where R.sup.3 is a side-chain of an amino acid. Preferably one of W
and W.sup.2 is hydrogen. More preferably W and W.sup.2 are
hydrogen.
[0229] In one embodiment In another embodiment compounds of formula
I, Ia, Ib, Ic, II, and III, X is halo, preferably fluoro, and each
of W and W.sup.1 is independently hydrogen or a pharmaceutically
acceptable prodrug group selected from the group consisting of
acyl, oxyacyl, phosphonate, phosphate esters, phosphate,
phosphonamidate, phosphorodiamidate, phosphoramidate monoester,
cyclic phosphoramidate, cyclic phosphorodiamidate, phosphoramidate
diester, and --C(O)CHR.sup.3NHR.sup.3, where R.sup.13 is hydrogen
and R.sup.3 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen,
alkyl, substituted alkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, cycloalkyl,
substituted cycloalkyl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl,
heterocyclic and substituted heterocyclic and a side-chain of an
amino acid; or R.sup.3 and R.sup.13 together with the carbon and
nitrogen atoms bound thereto respectively form a heterocyclic ring.
W is preferably hydrogen, phospho, diphospho, or triphospho.
[0230] In another embodiment In another embodiment compounds of
formula I, Ia, Ib, Ic, II, and III, X is halo, preferably fluoro,
and W is represented by the formula:
##STR00024##
wherein R.sup.3 is a side-chain of an amino acid; R.sup.8 is
hydrogen or alkyl; and R.sup.10 is selected from the group
consisting of alkyl, substituted alkyl, aryl, substituted aryl,
cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, heteroaryl, substituted
heteroaryl, heterocyclic and substituted heterocyclic. Preferably
W.sup.1 is hydrogen.
[0231] In another embodiment In another embodiment compounds of
formula I, Ia, Ib, Ic, II, and III, X is halo, preferably fluoro,
and W.sup.1 is represented by the formula:
##STR00025##
where R.sup.3 is a side-chain of an amino acid. Preferably, W is
hydrogen.
[0232] In one embodiment In another embodiment compounds of formula
I, Ia, Ib, Ic, II, IIa, and III, X is O--W.sup.2, W.sup.2 is
C.sub.1-4alkyl, preferably methyl, and each of W and W.sup.1 is
independently hydrogen or a pharmaceutically acceptable prodrug
group selected from the group consisting of acyl, oxyacyl,
phosphonate, phosphate esters, phosphate, phosphonamidate,
phosphorodiamidate, phosphoramidate monoester, cyclic
phosphoramidate, cyclic phosphorodiamidate, phosphoramidate
diester, and --C(O)CHR.sup.3NHR.sup.13, where R.sup.13 is hydrogen
and R.sup.3 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen,
alkyl, substituted alkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, cycloalkyl,
substituted cycloalkyl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl,
heterocyclic and substituted heterocyclic and a side-chain of an
amino acid; or R.sup.3 and R.sup.13 together with the carbon and
nitrogen atoms bound thereto respectively form a heterocyclic ring.
Preferably W is hydrogen, phospho, diphospho, or triphospho. More
preferably, one of W and W.sup.1 is hydrogen. Even more preferably
W and W.sup.1 are hydrogen.
[0233] In one embodiment In another embodiment compounds of formula
I, Ia, Ib, Ic, II, IIa, and III, X is O--W.sup.2, W.sup.1 is
C.sub.1-4alkyl, preferably methyl, and each W and W.sup.2 is
independently hydrogen or a pharmaceutically acceptable prodrug
group selected from the group consisting of acyl, oxyacyl,
phosphonate, phosphate esters, phosphate, phosphonamidate,
phosphorodiamidate, phosphoramidate monoester, cyclic
phosphoramidate, cyclic phosphorodiamidate, phosphoramidate
diester, and --C(O)CHR.sup.3NHR.sup.13, where R.sup.13 is hydrogen
and R.sup.3 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen,
alkyl, substituted alkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, cycloalkyl,
substituted cycloalkyl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl,
heterocyclic and substituted heterocyclic and a side-chain of an
amino acid; or R.sup.3 and R.sup.13 together with the carbon and
nitrogen atoms bound thereto respectively form a heterocyclic ring.
Preferably W is hydrogen, phospho, diphospho, or triphospho. More
preferably, one of W and W.sup.2 is hydrogen. Even more preferably
W and W.sup.2 are hydrogen.
[0234] In one embodiment In another embodiment compounds of formula
I, Ia, Ib, Ic, II, IIa, and III, X is O--W.sup.2, W is
C.sub.1-4alkyl, preferably methyl, and each of W.sup.1 and W.sup.2
is independently hydrogen or a pharmaceutically acceptable prodrug
group selected from the group consisting of acyl, oxyacyl,
phosphonate, phosphate esters, phosphate, phosphonamidate,
phosphorodiamidate, phosphoramidate monoester, cyclic
phosphoramidate, cyclic phosphorodiamidate, phosphoramidate
diester, and --C(O)CHR.sup.3NHR.sup.13, where R.sup.13 is hydrogen
and R.sup.3 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen,
alkyl, substituted alkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, cycloalkyl,
substituted cycloalkyl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl,
heterocyclic and substituted heterocyclic and a side-chain of an
amino acid; or R.sup.3 and R.sup.13 together with the carbon and
nitrogen atoms bound thereto respectively form a heterocyclic ring.
More preferably, one of W.sup.1 and W.sup.2 is hydrogen. Even more
preferably W.sup.1 and W.sup.2 are hydrogen.
[0235] In another embodiment In another embodiment compounds of
formula I, Ia, Ib, Ic, II, IIa, and III, X is O--W.sup.2 and W is
represented by the formula:
##STR00026##
wherein R.sup.3 is a side-chain of an amino acid; R.sup.8 is
hydrogen or alkyl; and R.sup.10 is selected from the group
consisting of alkyl, substituted alkyl, aryl, substituted aryl,
cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, heteroaryl, substituted
heteroaryl, heterocyclic and substituted heterocyclic. In another
embodiment W.sup.1 is hydrogen and W.sup.2 is C.sub.1-4alkyl,
preferably methyl. In yet another embodiment W.sup.2 is hydrogen
and W.sup.1 is C.sub.1-4alkyl, preferably methyl.
[0236] In another embodiment compounds of formula I, Ia, Ib, Ic,
II, IIa, and III, X is O W.sup.2 and W.sup.1 is represented by the
formula:
##STR00027##
where R.sup.3 is a side-chain of an amino acid. In another
embodiment W is hydrogen and W.sup.2 is methyl. In still another
embodiment W.sup.2 is hydrogen and W is methyl.
[0237] In another embodiment, the present invention encompasses a
compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, a tautomer, or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a tautomer thereof selected
from Table I.
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE I Cmpd Compound No. Structure Name 306
##STR00028## 9-amino-2-(.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-2,6-
dihydro-2,3,5,6-tetraaza- benzo[cd]azulen-7-one 307 ##STR00029##
2-(2'-methyl-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-9-
methylamino-2,6-dihydro-2,3,5,6- tetraaza-benzo[cd]azulen-7-one 308
##STR00030## 2-(2'-methyl-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-
2,6,7,9-tetrahydro-2,3,5,6,9- pentaaza-benzo[cd]azulen-8-one 309
##STR00031## 9-acetamido-2-(2'-methyl-.beta.-D-
ribofuranosyl)-2,6-dihydro-2,3,5,6- tetraaza-benzo[cd]azulen-7-one
310 ##STR00032## 9-hydrazino-2-(2'-methyl-.beta.-D-
ribofuranosyl)-2,6-dihydro-2,3,5,6- tetraaza-benzo[cd]azulen-7-one
311 ##STR00033## 9-fluoro-2-(2'-methyl-.beta.-D-
ribofuranosyl)-2,6-dihydro-2,3,5,6- tetraaza-benzo[cd]azulen-7-one
312 ##STR00034## 9-formamido-2-(2'-methyl-.beta.-D-
ribofuranosyl)-2,6-dihydro-2,3,5,6- tetraaza-benzo[cd]azulen-7-one
313 ##STR00035## 9-methoxyamino-2-(2'-methyl-.beta.-D-
ribofuranosyl)-2,6-dihydro-2,3,5,6- tetraaza-benzo[cd]azulen-7-one
314 ##STR00036## 9-amino-2-(2'-methyl-.beta.-D-
ribofuranosyl)-2,6-dihydro-2,3,5,6- tetraaza-benzo[cd]azulen-7-one
315 ##STR00037## 9-hydroxyamino-2-(2'-methyl-.beta.-D-
ribofuranosyl)-2,6-dihydro-2,3,5,6- tetraaza-benzo[cd]azulen-7-one
316 ##STR00038## 8-fluoro-2-(2'-methyl-.beta.-D-
ribofuranosyl)-2,6-dihydro-2,3,5,6- tetraaza-benzo[cd]azulen-7-one
317 ##STR00039## 9-amino-2-(2'-methyl-.beta.-D-
ribofuranosyl)-2,6-dihydro-2,3,5,6,8-
pentaaza-benzo[cd]azulen-7-one 318 ##STR00040##
9-chloro-2-(2'-methyl-.beta.-D- ribofuranosyl)-2,6-dihydro-2,3,5,6-
tetraaza-benzo[cd]azulen-7-one 319 ##STR00041##
9-iodo-2-(2'-methyl-.beta.-D- ribofuranosyl)-2,6-dihydro-2,3,5,6-
tetraaza-benzo[cd]azulen-7-one 320 ##STR00042##
9-amino-2-(2'-O-methyl-.beta.-D-
ribofuranosyl)-2,6-dihydro-2,3,5,6- tetraaza-benzo[cd]azulen-7-one
321 ##STR00043## 2-(2'-methyl-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-
2,6-dihydro-2,3,5,6,8-pentaaza- benzo[cd]azulen-7-one 322
##STR00044## 2-(2'-methyl-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-
2,6,7,9-tetrahydro-2,3,5,6,7,9- hexaaza-benzo[cd]azulen-8-one 323
##STR00045## 2-(2'-methyl-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-
2,9-dihydro-6H-2,3,5,6,9-pentaaza- benzo[cd]azulen-7,8-dione 324
##STR00046## 9-cyano-2-(2'-methyl-.beta.-D-
ribofuranosyl)-2,6-dihydro-2,3,5,6- tetraaza-benzo[cd]azulen-7-one
325 ##STR00047## 9-amino-8-fluoro-2-(2'-methyl-.beta.-D-
ribofuranosyl)-2,6-dihydro-2,3,5,6- tetraaza-benzo[cd]azulen-7-one
326 ##STR00048## 9-fluoro-2-(2'-methyl-.beta.-D-
ribofuranosyl)-6,7-dihydro-2,3,5,6- tetraaza-benzo[cd]azulene 327
##STR00049## 9-amino-2-(2'-methyl-.beta.-D-
ribofuranosyl)-2,6-dihydro-2,3,5,6-
tetraaza-benzo[cd]azulene-7-thione 328 ##STR00050##
8-amino-2-(2'-methyl-.beta.-D- ribofuranosyl)-2,6-dihydro-2,3,5,6-
tetraaza-benzo[cd]azulen-7-one 329 ##STR00051##
9-carbamoyl-2-(2'-methyl-.beta.-D-
ribofuranosyl)-2,6-dihydro-2,3,5,6- tetraaza-benzo[cd]azulen-7-one
330 ##STR00052## 8-cyano-2-(2'-methyl-.beta.-D-
ribofuranosyl)-2,6-dihydro-2,3,5,6- tetraaza-benzo[cd]azulen-7-one
331 ##STR00053## 8-carbamoyl-2-(2'-methyl-.beta.-D-
ribofuranosyl)-2,6-dihydro-2,3,5,6- tetraaza-benzo[cd]azulen-7-one
332 ##STR00054## 2-(2'-methyl-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-
6,7-Dihydro-2,3,5,6,7-pentaaza- benzo[cd]azulene 333 ##STR00055##
2-(2'-methyl-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-
6,7-Dihydro-2,3,5,6,7,9-hexaaza- benzo[cd]azulene 334 ##STR00056##
8-fluoro-2-(2'-methyl-.beta.-D- ribofuranosyl)-2,6-dihydro-2,3,5,6-
trtraaza-benzo[cd]azulene-7,9-dione 335 ##STR00057##
2-(2'-methyl-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)- 2,6-dihydro-2,3,5,6-trtraaza-
benzo[cd]azulene-7,9-dione 336 ##STR00058##
8,9-difluoro-2-(2'-methyl-.beta.-D-
ribofuranosyl)-2,6-dihydro-2,3,5,6- tetraaza-benzo[cd]azulen-7-one
337 ##STR00059## 2-(2'-methyl-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-
2,6-dihydro-2,3,5,6,8-pentaaza- benzo[cd]azulene-7,9-dione 338
##STR00060## 9-fluoro-2-(2'-methyl-.beta.-D-
ribofuranosyl)-2,6-dihydro-2,3,5,6,8-
pentaaza-benzo[cd]azulen-7-one 339 ##STR00061##
9-fluoro-2-(2'-methyl-.beta.-D- ribofuranosyl)-6,7-dihydro-2,3,5,6-
tetraaza-benzo[cd]azulene
[0238] In other embodiments, present invention ecompasses the 5'
mono-, di-, and triphosphates of the compounds of Table 1.
[0239] In one embodiment, the 5' monophosphates are selected from
the group consisting of [0240]
9-amino-2-(5'-phospho-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-2,6-dihydro-2,3,5,6-tetraaz-
a-benzo[cd]azulen-7-one; [0241]
2-(2'-methyl-5'-phospho-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-9-methylamino-2,6-dihydro-
-2,3,5,6-tetraaza-benzo[cd]azulen-7-one; [0242]
2-(2'-methyl-5'-phospho-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-2,6,7,9-tetrahydro-2,3,5,-
6,9-pentaaza-benzo[cd]azulen-8-one; [0243]
9-acetamido-2-(2'-methyl-5'-phospho-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-2,6-dihydro-2-
,3,5,6-tetraaza-benzo[cd]azulen-7-one; [0244]
9-hydrazino-2-(2'-methyl-5'-phospho-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-2,6-dihydro-2-
,3,5,6-tetraaza-benzo[cd]azulen-7-one; [0245]
9-fluoro-2-(2'-methyl-5'-phospho-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-2,6-dihydro-2,3,-
5,6-tetraaza-benzo[cd]azulen-7-one; [0246]
9-formamido-2-(2'-methyl-5'-phospho-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-2,6-dihydro-2-
,3,5,6-tetraaza-benzo[cd]azulen-7-one; [0247]
9-methoxyamino-2-(2'-methyl-5'-phospho-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-2,6-dihydr-
o-2,3,5,6-tetraaza-benzo[cd]azulen-7-one; [0248]
9-amino-2-(2'-methyl-5'-phospho-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-2,6-dihydro-2,3,5-
,6-tetraaza-benzo[cd]azulen-7-one; [0249]
9-hydroxyamino-2-(2'-methyl-5'-phospho-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-2,6-dihydr-
o-2,3,5,6-tetraaza-benzo[cd]azulen-7-one; [0250]
8-fluoro-2-(2'-methyl-5'-phospho-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-2,6-dihydro-2,3,-
5,6-tetraaza-benzo[cd]azulen-7-one; [0251]
9-amino-2-(2'-methyl-5'-phospho-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-2,6-dihydro-2,3,5-
,6,8-pentaaza-benzo[cd]azulen-7-one; [0252]
9-chloro-2-(2'-methyl-.beta.-phospho-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-2,6-dihydro--
2,3,5,6-tetraaza-benzo[cd]azulen-7-one; [0253]
9-iodo-2-(2'-methyl-5'-phospho-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-2,6-dihydro-2,3,5,-
6-tetraaza-benzo[cd]azulen-7-one; [0254]
9-amino-2-(2'-O-methyl-5'-phospho-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-2,6-dihydro-2,3-
,5,6-tetraaza-benzo[cd]azulen-7-one; and [0255]
2-(2'-methyl-5'-phospho-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-2,6-dihydro-2,3,5,6,-tetr-
aaza-benzo[cd]azulene-7,9-dione.
[0256] In one embodiment, the 5' diphosphates are selected from the
group consisting of
9-amino-2-(5'-diphospho-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-2,6-dihydro-2,3,5,6-tetra-
aza-benzo[cd]azulen-7-one; [0257]
2-(2'-methyl-5'-diphospho-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-9-methylamino-2,6-dihyd-
ro-2,3,5,6-tetraaza-benzo[cd]azulen-7-one; [0258]
2-(2'-methyl-5'-diphospho-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-2,6,7,9-tetrahydro-2,3,-
5,6,9-pentaaza-benzo[cd]azulen-8-one; [0259]
9-acetamido-2-(2'-methyl-5'-diphospho-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-2,6-dihydro-
-2,3,5,6-tetraaza-benzo[cd]azulen-7-one; [0260]
9-hydrazino-2-(2'-methyl-5'-diphospho-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-2,6-dihydro-
-2,3,5,6-tetraaza-benzo[cd]azulen-7-one; [0261]
9-fluoro-2-(2'-methyl-5'-diphospho-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-2,6-dihydro-2,-
3,5,6-tetraaza-benzo[cd]azulen-7-one; [0262]
9-formamido-2-(2'-methyl-5'-diphospho-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-2,6-dihydro-
-2,3,5,6-tetraaza-benzo[cd]azulen-7-one; [0263]
9-methoxyamino-2-(2'-methyl-5'-diphospho-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-2,6-dihy-
dro-2,3,5,6-tetraaza-benzo[cd]azulen-7-one; [0264]
9-amino-2-(2'-methyl-5'-diphospho-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-2,6-dihydro-2,3-
,5,6-tetraaza-benzo[cd]azulen-7-one; [0265]
9-hydroxyamino-2-(2'-methyl-5'-diphospho-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-2,6-dihy-
dro-2,3,5,6-tetraaza-benzo[cd]azulen-7-one; [0266]
8-fluoro-2-(2'-methyl-5'-diphospho-.beta.-D-ribofaranosyl)-2,6-dihydro-2,-
3,5,6-tetraaza-benzo[cd]azulen-7-one; [0267]
9-amino-2-(2'-methyl-5'-diphospho-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-2,6-dihydro-2,3-
,5,6,8-pentaaza-benzo[cd]azulen-7-one-,
9-chloro-2-(2'-methyl-5'-diphospho-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-2,6-dihydro-2,-
3,5,6-tetraaza-benzo[cd]azulen-7-one;
9-iodo-2-(2'-methyl-5'-diphospho-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-2,6-dihydro-2,3,5-
,6-tetraaza-benzo[cd]azulen-7-one;
[0267] [0268]
9-amino-2-(2'-O-methyl-5'-diphospho-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-2,6-dihydro-2-
,3,5,6-tetraaza-benzo[cd]azulen-7-one; and [0269]
2-(2'-methyl-5'-diphospho-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-2,6-dihydro-2,3,5,6,-te-
traaza-benzo[cd]azulene-7,9-dione.
[0270] In one embodiment, the 5' tri-phosphates are selected from
the group consisting of [0271]
9-amino-2-(5'-triphospho-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-2,6-dihydro-2,3,5,6-tetr-
aaza-benzo[cd]azulen-7-one; [0272]
2-(2'-methyl-5'-triphospho-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-9-methylamino-2,6-dihy-
dro-2,3,5,6-tetraaza-benzo[cd]azulen-7-one; [0273]
2-(2'-methyl-5'-triphospho-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-2,6,7,9-tetrahydro-2,3-
,5,6,9-pentaaza-benzo[cd]azulen-8-one; [0274]
9-acetamido-2-(2'-methyl-5'-triphospho-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-2,6-dihydr-
o-2,3,5,6-tetraaza-benzo[cd]azulen-7-one; [0275]
9-hydrazino-2-(2'-methyl-5'-triphospho-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-2,6-dihydr-
o-2,3,5,6-tetraaza-benzo[cd]azulen-7-one; [0276]
9-fluoro-2-(2'-methyl-5'-triphospho-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-2,6-dihydro-2-
,3,5,6-tetraaza-benzo[cd]azulen-7-one; [0277]
9-formamido-2-(2'-methyl-5'-triphospho-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-2,6-dihydr-
o-2,3,5,6-tetraaza-benzo[cd]azulen-7-one; [0278]
9-methoxyamino-2-(2'-methyl-5'-triphospho-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-2,6-dih-
ydro-2,3,5,6-tetraaza-benzo[cd]azulen-7-one; [0279]
9-amino-2-(2'-methyl-5'-triphospho-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-2,6-dihydro-2,-
3,5,6-tetraaza-benzo[cd]azulen-7-one; [0280]
9-hydroxyamino-2-(2'-methyl-5'-triphospho-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-2,6-dih-
ydro-2,3,5,6-tetraaza-benzo[cd]azulen-7-one; [0281]
8-fluoro-2-(2'-methyl-5'-triphospho-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-2,6-dihydro-2-
,3,5,6-tetraaza-benzo[cd]azulen-7-one; [0282]
9-amino-2-(2'-methyl-5'-triphospho-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-2,6-dihydro-2,-
3,5,6,8-pentaaza-benzo[cd]azulen-7-one; [0283]
9-chloro-2-(2'-methyl-5'-triphospho-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-2,6-dihydro-2-
,3,5,6-tetraaza-benzo[cd]azulen-7-one; [0284]
9-iodo-2-(2'-methyl-5'-triphospho-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-2,6-dihydro-2,3-
,5,6-tetraaza-benzo[cd]azulen-7-one; [0285]
9-amino-2-(2'-O-methyl-5'-triphospho-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-2,6-dihydro--
2,3,5,6-tetraaza-benzo[cd]azulen-7-one; and [0286]
2-(2'-methyl-5'-triphospho-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-2,6-dihydro-2,3,5,6,-t-
etraaza-benzo[cd]azulene-7,9-dione.
[0287] In another embodiment, the present invention encompasses a
pharmaceutical composition comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable
carrier and a therapeutically effective amount of a compound or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt, a tautomer, or a pharmaceutically
acceptable salt of a tautomer thereof, represented by formula I,
Ia, Ib, Ic, II, IIa, or III or a mixture of two or more of such
compounds.
[0288] In another embodiment, the present invention encompasses a
method for treating or preventing a viral infection in a mammal
mediated at least in part by a virus in the Flaviviridae family of
viruses, comprising administering to said mammal a encompasses a
pharmaceutical composition comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable
carrier and a therapeutically effective amount of a compound or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt, a tautomer, or a pharmaceutically
acceptable salt of a tautomer thereof, represented by formula I,
Ia, Ib, Ic, II, IIa, or III or a mixture of two or more of such
compounds.
[0289] In other embodiments, the present invention encompasses use
of a compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, a tautomer, or
a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a tautomer thereof,
represented by formula I, Ia, Ib, Ic, II, IIa, or III in the
preparation of a medicament for treating or preventing a viral
infection in a mammal mediated at least in part by a virus in the
Flaviviridae family of viruses.
[0290] In some aspects, the mammal is a human.
[0291] In some aspects, the viral infection is a hepatitis C
mediated viral infection.
[0292] In other aspects, the administration of a therapeutically
effective amount of the compounds of the invention are used in
combination with one or more agents active against hepatitis C
virus.
[0293] In some embodiments, the agent active against hepatitis C
virus is an inhibitor of HCV proteases, HCV polymerase, HCV
helicase, HCV NS4B protein, HCV entry, HCV assembly, HCV egress,
HCV NS5A protein, or inosine 5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase.
[0294] In other embodiments, the active agent against HCV is
Ribavirin, levovirin, viramidine, thymosin alpha-1, an inhibitor of
NS3 serine protease, an inhibitor of inosine monophosphate
dehydrogenase, interferon-alpha, or pegylated interferon-alpha.
Administration and Pharmaceutical Composition
[0295] In general, the compounds of this invention will be
administered in a therapeutically effective amount by any of the
accepted modes of administration for agents that serve similar
utilities. The actual amount of the compound of this invention,
i.e., the active ingredient, will depend upon numerous factors such
as the severity of the disease to be treated, the age and relative
health of the subject, the potency of the compound used, the route
and form of administration, and other factors. The drug can be
administered more than once a day, preferably once or twice a
day.
[0296] Therapeutically effective amounts of compounds of this
invention may range from approximately 0.01 to 50 mg per kilogram
body weight of the recipient per day; preferably about 0.01-25
mg/kg/day, more preferably about 0.01-10 mg/kg/day, still more
preferably from about 0.01 to 5 mg/kg/day. Thus, for administration
to a 70 kg person, the dosage range would most preferably be about
0.7-350 mg per day.
[0297] In general, compounds of this invention will be administered
as pharmaceutical compositions by any one of the following routes:
oral, systemic (e.g., transdermal, intranasal or by suppository),
parenteral (e.g., intramuscular, intravenous or subcutaneous), or
intrathecal administration. The preferred manner of administration
is oral using a convenient daily dosage regimen that can be
adjusted according to the degree of affliction. Compositions can
take the form of tablets, pills, capsules, semisolids, powders,
sustained release formulations, solutions, suspensions, elixirs,
aerosols, or any other appropriate compositions. Another manner for
administering compounds of this invention is inhalation.
[0298] The choice of formulation depends on various factors such as
the mode of drug administration and bioavailability of the drug
substance. For delivery via inhalation the compound can be
formulated as liquid solution, suspensions, aerosol propellants or
dry powder and loaded into a suitable dispenser for administration.
There are several types of pharmaceutical inhalation
devices-nebulizer inhalers, metered dose inhalers (MDI) and dry
powder inhalers (DPI). Nebulizer devices produce a stream of high
velocity air that causes the therapeutic agents (which are
formulated in a liquid form) to spray as a mist that is carried
into the patient's respiratory tract. MDI's typically are
formulation packaged with a compressed gas. Upon actuation, the
device discharges a measured amount of therapeutic agent by
compressed gas, thus affording a reliable method of administering a
set amount of agent. DPI dispenses therapeutic agents in the form
of a free flowing powder that can be dispersed in the patient's
inspiratory air-stream during breathing by the device. In order to
achieve a free flowing powder, the therapeutic agent is formulated
with an excipient such as lactose. A measured amount of the
therapeutic agent is stored in a capsule form and is dispensed with
each actuation.
[0299] Recently, pharmaceutical formulations have been developed
especially for drugs that show poor bioavailability based upon the
principle that bioavailability can be increased by increasing the
surface area i.e., decreasing particle size. For example, U.S. Pat.
No. 4,107,288 describes a pharmaceutical formulation having
particles in the size range from 10 to 1,000 nm in which the active
material is supported on a crosslinked matrix of macromolecules.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,145,684 describes the production of a
pharmaceutical formulation in which the drug substance is
pulverized to nanoparticles (average particle size of 400 nm) in
the presence of a surface modifier and then dispersed in a liquid
medium to give a pharmaceutical formulation that exhibits
remarkably high bioavailability.
[0300] The compositions may be comprised of a compound of this
invention in combination with at least one pharmaceutically
acceptable excipient. Acceptable excipients are non-toxic, aid
administration, and do not adversely affect the therapeutic benefit
of the compound of this invention. Such excipient may be any solid,
liquid, semi-solid or, in the case of an aerosol composition,
gaseous excipient that is generally available to one of skill in
the art.
[0301] Solid pharmaceutical excipients include starch, cellulose,
talc, glucose, lactose, sucrose, gelatin, malt, rice, flour, chalk,
silica gel, magnesium stearate, sodium stearate, glycerol
monostearate, sodium chloride, dried skim milk and the like. Liquid
and semisolid excipients may be selected from glycerol, propylene
glycol, water, ethanol and various oils, including those of
petroleum, animal, vegetable or synthetic origin, e.g., peanut oil,
soybean oil, mineral oil, sesame oil, etc. Preferred liquid
carriers for injectable solutions, include water, saline, aqueous
dextrose, and glycols.
[0302] Compressed gases may be used to disperse a compound of this
invention in aerosol form. Inert gases suitable for this purpose
are nitrogen, carbon dioxide, etc. Other suitable pharmaceutical
excipients and their formulations are described in Remington's
Pharmaceutical Sciences, edited by E. W. Martin (Mack Publishing
Company, 18th ed., 1990).
[0303] The amount of the compound in a formulation can vary within
the full range employed by those skilled in the art. Typically, the
formulation will contain, on a weight percent (wt %) basis, from
about 0.01-99.99 wt % of a compound of this invention based on the
total formulation, with the balance being one or more suitable
pharmaceutical excipients. Preferably, the compound is present at a
level of about 1-80 wt %.
[0304] Additionally, the present invention is directed to a
pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective
amount of a compound of the present invention in combination with a
therapeutically effective amount of another active agent against
RNA-dependent RNA virus and, in particular, against HCV. Agents
active against HCV include, but are not limited to, Ribavirin,
levovirin, viramidine, thymosin alpha-1, an inhibitor of HCV NS3
serine protease, or an inhibitor of inosine monophosphate
dehydrogenase, interferon-.alpha., pegylated interferon-.alpha.
(peginterferon-.alpha.), a combination of interferon-.alpha. and
Ribavirin, a combination of peginterferon-.alpha. and Ribavirin, a
combination of interferon-.alpha. and levovirin, and a combination
of peginterferon-.alpha. and levovirin. Interferon-.alpha.
includes, but is not limited to, recombinant interferon-.alpha.2a
(such as ROFERON interferon available from Hoffnan-LaRoche, Nutley,
N.J.), interferon-.alpha.2b (such as Intron-A interferon available
from Schering Corp., Kenilworth, N.J., USA), a consensus
interferon, and a purified interferon-.alpha. product. For a
discussion of Ribavirin and its activity against HCV, see J. O,
Saunders and S. A. Raybuck, "Inosine Monophosphate Dehydrogenase:
Consideration of Structure, Kinetics and Therapeutic Potential,"
Ann. Rep. Med. Chem., 35:201-210 (2000).
[0305] The agents active against hepatitis C virus also include
agents that inhibit HCV proteases, HCV polymerase, HCV helicase,
HCV NS4B protein, HCV entry, HCV assembly, HCV egress, HCV NS5A
protein, and inosine 5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase. Other agents
include nucleoside analogs for the treatment of an HCV infection.
Still other compounds include those disclosed in WO 2004/014313 and
WO 2004/014852 and in the references cited therein. The patent
applications WO 2004/014313 and WO 2004/014852 are hereby
incorporated by references in their entirety.
[0306] Specific antiviral agents include Omega IFN (BioMedicines
Inc.), BILN-2061 (Boehringer Ingelheim), Summetrel (Endo
Pharmaceuticals Holdings Inc.), Roferon A (F. Hoffman-La Roche),
Pegasys (F. Hoffman-La Roche), Pegasys/Ribaravin (F. Hoffman-La
Roche), CellCept (F. Hoffman-La Roche), Wellferon
(GlaxoSmithKline), Albuferon-.alpha. (Human Genome Sciences Inc.),
Levovirin (ICN Pharmaceuticals), IDN-6556 (Idun Pharmaceuticals),
IP-501 (Indevus Pharmaceuticals), Actimmune (InterMune Inc.),
Infergen A (InterMune Inc.), ISIS14803 (ISIS Pharamceuticals Inc.),
JTK-003 (Japan Tobacco Inc.), Pegasys/Ceplene (Maxim
Pharmaceuticals), Ceplene (Maxim Pharmaceuticals), Civacir (Nabi
Biopharmaceuticals Inc.), Intron A/Zadaxin (RegeneRx), Levovirin
(Ribapharm Inc.), Viramidine (Ribapharm Inc.), Heptazyme (Ribozyme
Pharmaceuticals), Intron A (Schering-Plough), PEG-Intron
(Schering-Plough), Rebetron (Schering-Plough), Ribavirin
(Schering-Plough), PEG-Intron/Ribavirin (Schering-Plough), Zadazim
(SciClone), Rebif (Serono), IFN-.beta./EMZ701 (Transition
Therapeutics), T67 (Tularik Inc.), VX-497 (Vertex Pharmaceuticals
Inc.), VX-950/LY-570310 (Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc.), Omniferon
(Viragen Inc.), XTL-002 (XTL Biopharmaceuticals), SCH 503034
(Schering-Plough), isatoribine and its prodrugs ANA971 and ANA975
(Anadys), R1479 (Roche Biosciences), Valopicitabine (Idenix),
NIM811 (Novartis), and Actilon (Coley Pharmaceuticals).
[0307] In some embodiments, the active agent against hepatitis C
virus is interferon. In some aspects, the interferon is selected
from the group consisting of interferon alpha 2B, pegylated
interferon alpha, consensus interferon, interferon alpha 2A, and
lymphoblastiod interferon tau.
[0308] In other embodiments the active agent against hepatitis C
virus is a compound having anti-HCV activity is selected from the
group consisting of interleukin 2, interleukin 6, interleukin 12, a
compound that enhances the development of a type 1 helper T cell
response, interfering RNA, anti-sense RNA, Imiqimod, ribavirin, an
inosine 5'monophospate dehydrogenase inhibitor, amantadine, and
rimantadine.
General Synthetic Methods
[0309] The compounds of this invention can be prepared from readily
available starting materials using the following general methods
and procedures. It will be appreciated that where typical or
preferred process conditions (i.e., reaction temperatures, times,
mole ratios of reactants, solvents, pressures, etc.) are given,
other process conditions can also be used unless otherwise stated.
Optimum reaction conditions may vary with the particular reactants
or solvent used, but such conditions can be determined by one
skilled in the art by routine optimization procedures.
[0310] Additionally, as will be apparent to those skilled in the
art, conventional protecting groups may be necessary to prevent
certain functional groups from undergoing undesired reactions.
Suitable protecting groups for various functional groups as well as
suitable conditions for protecting and deprotecting particular
functional groups are well known in the art. For example, numerous
protecting groups are described in T. W. Greene and G. M. Wuts,
Protecting Groups in Organic Synthesis, Third Edition, Wiley, New
York, 1999, and references cited therein.
[0311] Furthermore, the compounds of this invention contain one or
more chiral centers and such compounds can be prepared or isolated
as pure stereoisomers, i.e., as individual enantiomers or
diastereomers, or as stereoisomer-enriched mixtures. All such
stereoisomers (and enriched mixtures) are included within the scope
of this invention, unless otherwise indicated. Pure stereoisomers
(or enriched mixtures) may be prepared using, for example,
optically active starting materials or stereoselective reagents
well-known in the art. Alternatively, racemic mixtures of such
compounds can be separated using, for example, chiral column
chromatography, chiral resolving agents and the like.
[0312] The starting materials for the following reactions are
generally known compounds or can be prepared by known procedures or
obvious modifications thereof. For example, many of the starting
materials are available from commercial suppliers such as Aldrich
Chemical Co. (Milwaukee, Wis., USA), Bachem (Torrance, Calif.,
USA), Emka-Chemce or Sigma (St. Louis, Mo., USA). Others may be
prepared by procedures, or obvious modifications thereof, described
in standard reference texts such as Fieser and Fieser's Reagents
for Organic Synthesis, Volumes 1-15 (John Wiley and Sons, 1991),
Rodd's Chemistry of Carbon Compounds, Volumes 1-5 and Supplementals
(Elsevier Science Publishers, 1989), Organic Reactions, Volumes
1-40 (John Wiley and Sons, 1991), March's Advanced Organic
Chemistry, (John Wiley and Sons, 4th Edition), and Larock's
Comprehensive Organic Transformations (VCH Publishers Inc., 1989).
Specifically, the compounds of this invention may be prepared by
various methods known in the art of organic chemistry in general
and nucleoside and nucleotide analogue synthesis in particular.
General reviews of the preparation of nucleoside and nucleotide
analogues include 1) Michelson A. M. "The Chemistry of Nucleosides
and Nucleotides," Academic Press, New York, 1963; 2) Goodman L.
"Basic Principles in Nucleic Acid Chemistry," Academic Press, New
York, 1974, vol. 1, Ch. 2; and 3) "Synthetic Procedures in Nucleic
Acid Chemistry," Eds. Zorbach W. & Tipson R., Wiley, New York,
1973, vol. 1 & 2.
[0313] In one embodiment, the synthesis of certain compounds of
this invention proceeds via the
7-(2'-methyl-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-4-amino-5-iodopyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidi-
ne, compound 1, the synthesis of which is described in Scheme I
below (where DCB is dichlorobenzyl) and is also described in U.S.
patent application Ser. No. 10/861,090, filed Jun. 4, 2004 which
application is incorporated herein by reference in its
entirety.
##STR00062##
[0314] Specifically, in Scheme 1, known
4-chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine (Example 62, Step D, Carroll,
et al..sup.18), compound 1a, is converted to the corresponding
4-chloro-5-iodo-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine, compound 1b, by
iodination with N-iodosuccinimide. Specifically, the reaction is
typically conducted by combining a slight stoichiometric excess
(about 1.05 to 1.10 equivalents) of N-iodsuccinimide with
4-chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine, compound 1a. The reaction is
preferably conducted under ambient conditions in the absence of
light in a suitable solvent such as N,N-dimethylformamide. The
reaction is continued until substantially complete which occurs in
about 2 to 24 hours to produce
4-chloro-5-iodo-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine, compound 1b. Upon
reaction completion, compound 1b is recovered by conventional
methods including neutralization, evaporation, extraction,
precipitation, chromatography, filtration, and the like, or,
alternatively, is used in the next reaction without purification
and/or isolation.
[0315] 4-Chloro-5-iodo-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine, compound 1b, is
then coupled to a protected 2-methyl substituted sugar the
synthesis of which is described, for example, by Carroll, et
al.,.sup.17,18) using conditions well known in the art to provide
for the 3,5-di-O-protected 7-deazapurine compound. For example,
known
1-O-methyl-3,5-di-(O-2,4-dichlorobenzyl)-2-C-methyl-D-ribofuranoside,
compound 1c, is dissolved in a dry inert solvent, such as
dichloromethane, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride and the like, and
then the solution is cooled to about 0.degree. C. Afterwards, an
excess of HBr or other appropriate reagent, in acetic acid, is
added drop wise. This reaction is typically run about 1 to about 4
hours at temperature at about 0 to about 25.degree. C., or until
substantially complete as determined by conventional techniques
such as TLC. The resulting brominated sugar mixture (not shown) is
isolated and purified using standard techniques such as
chromatography, precipitation, crystallization, filtration, and the
like. Alternatively this intermediate may be isolated and used in
the next step without further purification. The resulting
brominated sugar mixture is co-evaporated, preferably with dry
toluene, dissolved in a suitable inert diluent such as dry
acetonitrile and stirred with the sodium salt of
4-chloro-5-iodo-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine (not shown) at room
temperature over night. The resulting compound 1d,
7-(2'-methyl-3',5'-di-(O-2,4-dichlorobenzyl)-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-4-ch-
loro-5-iodopyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine, is isolated and purified using
standard techniques such as chromatography, precipitation,
crystallization, filtration, and the like. Alternatively, this
intermediate may be isolated and used in the next step without
further purification.
[0316] The sodium salt of
4-chloro-5-iodo-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine is prepared in an inert
atmosphere by suspending compound 1b in a dry inert solvent such
as, acetonitrile and the like, with NaH dispersed in oil. The
reaction is run for about 2 to about 24 hours at a temperature of
about 0 to about 40.degree. C.
[0317] The 2,4-dichlorobenzyl protecting groups at the
3,5-positions of compound 1d are removed under conventional
conditions such as contact with an excess of boron trichloride in a
suitable solvent such as dichloromethane, chloroform, and the like,
to provide for
7-(2'-methyl-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-4-chloro-5-iodopyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimid-
ine, compound 1e. Specifically, the reaction is preferably
conducted at a temperature of from about 0 to about -80.degree. C.
until the reaction is substantially complete which occurs in about
0.2 to 2 hours to produce compound 1e. Upon reaction completion,
compound 1e is recovered by conventional methods including
neutralization, evaporation, extraction, precipitation,
chromatography, filtration, and the like, or, alternatively, is
used in the next reaction without purification and/or
isolation.
[0318] Conversion of compound 1e to
7-(2'-methyl-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-4-amino-5-iodopyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidi-
ne, compound 1 is achieved, for example, by contacting compound 1e
with an excess of liquid ammonia. In one embodiment, the reaction
is conducted at about 85.degree. C. at elevated pressures until the
reaction is substantially complete which typically occurs in about
12 to about 48 hours. Compound 1 is then isolated and purified
using standard techniques such as chromatography, precipitation,
crystallization, filtration, and the like.
[0319] Compound 1 can then be used as a key intermediate in the
synthesis of compounds of this invention.
##STR00063##
[0320] In Scheme 2, compound 1, described above, is converted first
to the
7-(2'-C-methyl-.beta.-D-ribofaranosyl)-4-amino-5-[(2-ethoxycarbonyl)ethyn-
-1-yl]-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine, compound 2, by contacting compound
1 with ethyl propiolate in the presence of CuI, a Pd(0) catalyst,
and tertiary amine base in a suitable solvent such as DMF. In one
embodiment, compound 2 is converted directly to
9-chloro-2-(2'-methyl-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-2,6-dihydro-2,3,5,6-tetraaz-
a-benzo[cd]azulen-7-one, compound 4, by contact with the lithium
chloride in acetic acid at 80.degree. C. Alternatively, the
addition of appropriate G'group to compound 2 gives intermediate
compound 3 and the cyclization to compound 4 requires heating in an
ethanolic solution containing several equivalences of alkoxide
base.
[0321] Alternatively, when G'is a halogen group, compound 4 can be
used as an intermediate. The halogen can be replaced by contacting
with a suitable nucleophile via an addition-elimination reaction.
For example compounds where G'is alkoxy can be made in this
fashion.
[0322] In another embodiment, compound 2 is derivatized to compound
7, by reaction with mercury sulfate in aqueous alcoholic solvent at
elevated temperatures. In turn, compound 7 is cyclized in the
manner described above, for converting compound 3 to compound 4, to
give compound 8. Compound 8 has tautomeric forms, one set of its
tautomeric forms has the following structures:
##STR00064##
all of which are covered by this invention.
[0323] Additionally, certain G'groups of compound 4 can be made
from compound 8 with a suitable reagent, as illustrated in the
Example section.
[0324] Further compounds of formula I can be prepared as shown in
Scheme 3 below. Compounds 9 is prepared in a manner described above
in Schemes 1 and 2, where
4-chloro-2-methylthio-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine is used in place
of compound 1a.
##STR00065##
[0325] Specifically, in Scheme 3, conversion of the 4-methylthio
derivative, compound 9 to the corresponding 4-hydrogen derivative,
compound 10 proceeds via contact with Raney nickel in boiling
alcoholic solvent. Alternatively, the 4-methylthio derivative,
compound 9 can be converted to the corresponding compound 11 via
contact with a suitable organic peroxyacid in an appropriate
solvent followed by treatment with NaSH. Alternatively, the
4-methylthio derivative, compound 9 can be converted to the
corresponding oxo compound 12 by contact with a suitable organic
peroxyacid in an appropriate solvent followed by heating in an
aqueous hydroxide solution. If an alkoxy solution in alcohol
solvent such as sodium methoxide in methanol is used instead of
aqueous hydroxide, compound 13 results.
[0326] Compounds 11, and 12 have tautomeric forms, one set of its
tautomeric forms has the following structures:
##STR00066##
all of which are covered by this invention.
[0327] Scheme 4 below illustrates synthetic methods for forming a
thiocarbonyl group on the lactam ring.
##STR00067##
[0328] Compound 14 is prepared in a manner described for compound 2
above in Schemes 1 and 2, with the exception that
4-chloro-2-methylthio-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine is used in place
of compound 1a in scheme 1. Protection of the alcohol moieties of
the sugar with appropriate groups then contacting the nucleoside
with Lawesson's reagent in a suitable solvent at elevated
temperature gives compound 15. Compound 15 is then treated as
described for compound 2 in Scheme 2 to yield compound 17, the
thiocarbonyl derivative of compound 4.
[0329] Alternatively, from compound 9 in Scheme 3, the sugar
alcohol moieties and in some cases G' as well, are protected with
an appropriate group or groups and the resulting compound is boiled
in P.sub.2S.sub.5. The removal of the protecting groups provides
for compound 17.
[0330] Scheme 5 below illustrates the synthesis of diazepine
compounds.
##STR00068##
[0331] Specifically, in Scheme 5, compound 23, is converted to the
corresponding 2,3,5-tri-O-protected sugar, compound 24, by contact
with acetyl chloride in acetic acid. In turn, compound 24 is
converted to the 5-nitro derivative, compound 25, by contact with a
mixture of nitric and sulfuric acid in a suitable solvent such as
DCM. Conversion of compound 25 to compound 26 is accomplished by
contact with glycine methylester at elevated temperature in a
suitable solvent such as EtOH, DMF and the like. Conversion to
compound 27 is accomplished via palladium catalyzed hydrogenation
in the presence of a tertiary amine at elevated temperature in a
suitable solvent such as EtOH, DMF and the like. In one embodiment,
compound 27 is deprotected with a nucleophilic base in an
appropriate solvent to give compound 28. In another embodiment,
compound 27 is oxidized to give compound 29 which is then treated
with nucleophilic base to liberate compound 30.
[0332] Alternatively, 2-methylthio compound 23 can be replaced with
its 2-hydrogen analogue. Under similar reaction conditions
described for Scheme 5, the corresponding diazepine compounds
without 2-methylthio substituent can be obtained.
[0333] Scheme 6 below illustrates further modifications of the
compounds prepared in Scheme 4.
##STR00069##
[0334] Scheme 6 follows the procedures of the synthetic methods
described in Scheme 3 above to provide for compounds 32, 33, and
34.
[0335] Scheme 7 below illustrates the synthesis of additional
diazepine compounds.
##STR00070##
[0336] In Scheme 7, compound 35 is converted to the corresponding
2,3,5-tri-O-protected sugar, compound 36, by contact with acetyl
chloride in acetic acid. In turn, compound 36 is converted to the
5-nitro derivative, compound 37, by contact with a mixture of
nitric and sulfuric acid in a suitable solvent such as DCM.
Hydrogenation in the presence of ditertbutyldicarbonate at elevated
temperature in a suitable solvent such as EtOH, DMF and the like
gives Compound 38. Contact of this compound with chloroacetyl
chloride in the presence of DMAP in DMF, pyridine and use like
gives compound 39. Base promoted cyclization of compound 39 gives
compound 40 when the base is sufficiently nucleophilic. Acid
cleavage of the boc protecting group yields compound 41.
[0337] Scheme 8 illustrates modification of the 2-methylthio group
of some of the compounds described above and follows the procedure
of Schemes 3.
##STR00071## ##STR00072##
[0338] Examples of compounds which can be made by the procedures
set forth above include the following:
##STR00073## ##STR00074## ##STR00075## ##STR00076##
[0339] The following schemes illustrate methods for preparing the
sugars used in the methods described above.
##STR00077##
[0340] Formation of sugar a in Scheme 9 above where Ph is phenyl
and X is a suitable leaving group such as halo, is accomplished as
described by Mandal, S. B., et al., Synth. Commun., 1993, 9, page
1239, starting from commercial D-ribose. Protection of the hydroxyl
groups to form sugar b is described in Witty, D. R., et al., Tet.
Lett., 1990, 31, page 4787. Sugar c and d are prepared using the
method of Ning, J. et al., Carbohydr. Res., 2001, 330, page 165,
and methods described herein. Sugar e is prepared by using a
modification of the Grignard reaction with CH.sub.3MgBr or other
appropriate organometallic as described herein (with no
titanium/cerium needed). Finally the halogenated sugar (X=halo)
used in the subsequent coupling reaction is prepared using the same
protection method as used in to make sugar b above. The
halogenation is described in Seela..sup.13
[0341] Subsequently, any of the described nucleosides can be
deprotected by methods well known to those skilled in the art, as
taught by Greene et al. Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, Jon
Wiley and Sons, Second Edition, 1991.
[0342] An alternative approach to making protected sugars useful
for coupling to heterocyclic bases is detailed in Scheme 10
below.
##STR00078##
[0343] In Scheme 10, methylation of the hydroxyl group of compound
g proceeds via conventional methodology to provide for compound h.
The 2, 3 and 5 hydroxyl groups of the compound h are each protected
with 2,4-dichlorobenzyl groups to provide for compound i. Selective
deprotection of the 2-(2',4'-dichlorobenzyl) group on compound i
proceeds via contact with stannous chloride in a suitable solvent
such as methylene chloride, chloroform, and the like at reduced
temperatures, e.g., .about.0 to 5.degree. C., until reaction
completion, e.g., 24-72 hours, to provide for compound j. Oxidation
of the 2-hydroxyl group of compound j proceeds as described herein
to provide for compound k. Methylation also proceeds as described
herein to provide for compound 1c.
[0344] In an alternative approach, an appropriately substituted
nucleoside with a 2'-OH and 2'-H can be used as the starting
material. This nucleoside can be purchased or can be prepared by
any known means including standard coupling techniques. The
nucleoside can be optionally protected with suitable protecting
groups, preferably with acyl, substituted alkyl or silyl groups, by
methods well known to those skilled in the art, as taught by Greene
et al. Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, John Wiley and Sons,
Second Edition, 1991.
[0345] The hydroxyl group at the 2' position of the sugar of an
otherwise appropriately protected nucleoside can then be oxidized
with the appropriate oxidizing agent in a compatible solvent at a
suitable temperature to yield the 2'-modified (oxo) sugar. Possible
oxidizing agents are, for example, Dess-Martin periodine reagent,
Ac.sub.2O+DCC in DMSO, Swern oxidation (DMSO, oxalyl chloride,
triethylamine), Jones reagent (a mixture of chromic acid and
sulfuric acid), Collins's reagent (dipyridine Cr(VI) oxide, Corey's
reagent (pyridinium chlorochromate), pyridinium dichromate, acid
dichromate, potassium permanganate, MnO.sub.2 ruthenium tetroxide,
phase transfer catalysts such as chromic acid or permanganate
supported on a polymer, Cl.sub.2-pyridine, H.sub.2O.sub.2-ammonium
molybdate, NaBrO.sub.2--CAN, NaOCl in HOAc, copper chromite, copper
oxide, Raney nickel, palladium acetate, Meerwin-Pondorf-Verley
reagent (aluminum t-butoxide with another ketone) and
N-bromosuccinimide.
[0346] Coupling of an organometallic carbon nucleophile, such as a
Grignard reagent, an organolithium, lithium dialkylcopper or
CH.sub.3SiMe.sub.3 in TBAF with the ketone with the appropriate
non-protic solvent at a suitable temperature, yields the alkyl
substituted nucleoside. Isolation of the appropriate isomer is
conducted as needed.
[0347] Subsequently, the nucleoside can be deprotected by methods
well known to those skilled in the art, as taught by Greene et al.
Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, John Wiley and Sons, Second
Edition, 1991.
[0348] The present invention is also directed to compounds where X
is halo, preferably fluoro. Preparation of these compounds is
accomplished by forming the desired 2'-fluoro-2'methylribofuranosyl
derivative which is subsequently coupled to the desired base. The
details for preparing 2'-fluoro-2'methylribofuranosyl derivatives
is given in International Patent application with publication
number WO 2005 003147 at least on pages 73, and 76 to 79.
[0349] In one embodiment of the invention, the D-enantiomers are
utilized. However, L-enantiomers are also contemplated to be useful
herein. The L-enantiomers corresponding to the compounds of the
invention can be prepared following the same foregoing general
methods, beginning with the corresponding L-sugar or nucleoside as
starting material. In a particular embodiment, the 2'-C-branched
ribonucleoside is desired.
[0350] Preparation of compounds where W, W.sup.1 or W.sup.2 is
other than hydrogen, using the compounds prepared above as the
starting materials, can be accomplished using the methods described
in the following reviews of prodrug preparation: [0351] 1)
Cooperwood, J. S. et al., "Nucleoside and Nucleotide prodrugs," in
Ed(s) Chu, C. K. Recent Advances in Nucleosides (2002), 92-147.
[0352] 2) Zemlicka, J. et al., Biochimica et Biophysica Acta
(2002), 158(2-3), 276-286. [0353] 3) Wagner, C. et al., Medicinal
Research Reviews (2002), 20(6), 417-451. [0354] 4) Meier, C. et
al., Synlett (1998), (3), 233-242.
[0355] For example, conversion of the 5'-hydroxyl group can
prepared using the methods describe in D. W. Hutchinson, (Ed. Leroy
B. Townsend) "The Synthesis, reaction and Properties of Nucleoside
Mono-, Di-, and Triphosphates, and Nucleosides with Changes in the
Phosphoryl Residue, "Chemistry of Nucleosides and Nucleotides,
Plenum Press, (1991) 2.
[0356] The foregoing, in connection with the following
representative examples, further illustrate the various aspects of
the invention.
EXAMPLES
[0357] The examples below as well as throughout the application,
the following abbreviations have the following meanings. If not
defined, the terms have their generally accepted meanings. [0358]
Ac.sub.2O=acetic anhydride [0359] ACN=acetonitrile [0360]
atm=atmospheres [0361] bs=Broad singlet [0362] CAN=ceric ammonium
nitrate [0363] cm=Centimeter [0364] d=doublet [0365] dd=Doublet of
doublets [0366] DCC=Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide [0367]
DCM=dichloromethane [0368] DMEM=Delbecco's minimum eagles medium
[0369] DMAP=dimethylaminopyridine [0370] DMF=dimethylformamide
[0371] DMSO=Dimethylsulfoxide [0372] DTT=Dithiothreitol [0373]
EDTA=ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid [0374] g=Gram [0375]
HCV=hepatitis C virus [0376] Hz=hertz [0377] IPTG=Isopropyl
.beta.-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside [0378] IU=international units
[0379] m=Multiplet [0380] MCPBA=meta-chloroperbenzoic acid [0381]
min=minute [0382] M=Molar [0383] mg=Milligram [0384] mL=Milliliter
[0385] mM=Millimolar [0386] mmol=Millimole [0387] MS=mass spectrum
[0388] m/z=Mass to charge ratio [0389] ng=Nanograms [0390]
nm=Nanometers [0391] nM=Nanomolar [0392] N=Normal [0393]
NMR=nuclear magnetic resonance [0394] NTP=nucleoside triphosphate
[0395] HATU=O-(7-Azabenzotriazol-1-yl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyluronium
hexafluorophosphate [0396] RP-HPLC=reverse phase high performance
liquid chromatography [0397] HPLC=high performance liquid
chromatography [0398] Lawesson
reagent=2,4-Bis-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,3-dithia-2,4-diphosphetane
2,4-disulfide [0399] LC/MS=liquid chromatography mass spectroscopy
[0400] s=Singlet [0401] t=triplet [0402] TBAF=Tetrabutylammonium
fluoride [0403] TEA=Triethylamine [0404] TFA=trifluoroacetic acid
[0405] THF=Tetrahydrofuran [0406] TLC=thin layer chromatography
[0407] T.sub.m=Melting temperature [0408] TMS=trimethylsilyl [0409]
UTP=uridine triphosphate [0410] .mu.L=Microliters [0411]
.mu.M=Micrograms [0412] .mu.M=Micromolar [0413] v/v=volume to
volume [0414] wt %=weight percent
[0415] In addition, all reaction temperatures are in degrees
Celsius unless reported otherwise.
[0416] In the examples below as well as elsewhere throughout this
application, the claimed compounds employ the following numbering
system:
##STR00079##
[0417] Throughout the application, the stereochemistry of the sugar
can also be represented in the equivalent Haworth projection. For
example, the above compound on the left is depicted as its Haworth
projection on the right.
Example 1
Preparation of
2-(2'-methyl-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-2,6-dihydro-2,3,5,6-tetraaza-benzo[c-
d]azulen-7-one (Compound 301)
Step 1:
[0418] 4-Chloro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine 10.75 g (70 mmol) and
N-iodosuccinimide (16.8 g, 75 mmol) were dissolved in 400 mL of dry
DMF and left at ambient temperature in the darkness over night. The
solvent was evaporated. The yellow residue was suspended in hot 10%
solution of Na.sub.2SO.sub.3, filtered, washed twice with hot water
and crystallized from ethanol to yield 14.6 g (74.6%) of the title
compound as off-white crystals. The mother liquid was evaporated up
to 1/3 volume and crystallized again from ethanol to give 2.47 g
(12.3%) of the target compound. The total yield is close to
100%;
[0419] T.sub.m212-214.degree. C. (dec);
[0420] UV .mu..sub.max: 307, 266, 230, 227 nm (methanol);
[0421] MS: 277.93 (M-H), 313 (M+Cl);
[0422] .sup.1H-NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6): 12.94 (s, 1H, NH), 8.58 (s, 1H),
7.94 (s, 1H).
Step 2:
[0423] The base, obtained as described above (11.2 g, 40 mmol) was
suspended in 500 mL of CH.sub.3CN, NaH was added (1.6 g, 40 mmol
60% in oil) and the reaction mixture was stirred at room
temperature until NaH was dissolved (about 2 hour).
1-O-Methyl-2-methyl-3,5-bis-O-(2,4-dichlorobenzyl)-.beta.-D-ribofuranose
(10 g, 20 mmol) was dissolved in 500 mL of DCM and cooled down to
4.degree. C. in ice/water bath. HBr.sub.(g) was bubbled through the
solution for about 30 min. The reaction was monitored by TLC and
run until the disappearance of the starting sugar (ether/hexane 1:9
v/v). Upon reaction completion, the solvent was evaporated at the
temperature not higher that 20.degree. C. and kept for 20 min in
deep vacuum to remove the traces of HBr. Solution of Na-salt of the
base was fast filtrated and the filtrate was added to the sugar
component. The reaction was kept overnight at ambient temperature,
neutralized with 0.1 NH.sub.2SO.sub.4 and evaporated. The residue
was distributed between 700 mL of ethyl acetate and 700 mL of
water. Organic fraction was washed with water (150 mL), brine (150
mL), dried over Na.sub.2SO.sub.4 and evaporated to give semi
crystalline mixture. Toluene (500 mL) was added to form light tan
precipitate of nonreacted heterocyclic base 2.5 g (25%). Filtrate
was concentrated up to the volume of 50 mL and loaded on the glass
filter with silica gel (10.times.10 cm). The filter was washed with
10% ethyl acetate in toluene collecting 500 mL fractions. Fraction
2-4 contained the target compound; fractions 6-7 contained the
heterocyclic base.
[0424] Fractions 2-4 were evaporated, ether was added to the
colorless oil and the mixture was sonicated for 5 min. The
off-white precipitate was formed, yield 7.4 g (50%), mother liquid
was evaporated and the described procedure was repeated to yield
0.7 g more of the target nucleoside. Total yield is 8.1 g
(54.4%);
[0425] T.sub.m: 67-70.degree. C.;
[0426] .sup.1H-NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6): .delta. 8.66 (s, 1H), 8.07 (s,
1H), 7.62-7.34 (m, 6H), 6.22 (s, 1H), 5.64 (s, 1H), 4.78-4.55 (m,
4H), 4.20 (s, 2H), 3.97-3.93 (dd, 1H) and 3.78-3.75 (dd, 1H), 0.92
(s, 3H);
[0427] MS: 743.99 (M+H);
[0428] Recovered base (total): 4 g as off-white crystals;
[0429] T.sub.m 228-230.degree. C.
Step 3:
[0430] To the solution of the compound from the previous step (8 g,
10.7 mmol) in DCM (200 mL) at -78.degree. C. was added boron
trichloride (1M in DCM, 88 mL, 88 mmol) dropwise. The mixture was
stirred at -78.degree. C. for 2.5 hours and additionally overnight
at -20.degree. C. The reaction was quenched by addition of MeOH/DCM
(90 mL, 1:1) and the resulting mixture stirred at -20.degree. C.
for 30 min, then neutralized by aqueous ammonia at the same
temperature. The solid was filtered and washed with methanol/DCM
(250 mL, 1:1). The filtrates were combined with 50 mL of silica gel
and evaporated up to dryness. Dry silica was loaded on the glass
filter with silica gel (10.times.10 cm). The filter was washed with
ethyl acetate collecting 500 mL fractions. Fraction 2-4 contained
the target compound. The solvent was evaporated and the residue
crystallized from acetone/hexane to give 3.3 g (72%) of the target
nucleoside;
[0431] .sup.1H-NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6): .delta. 8.84 (s, 1H), 8.20 (s,
1H), 6.21 (s, 1H), 4.00-3.60 (m, 4H), 0.84 (s, 3H);
[0432] MS: 426.26 (M+H);
[0433] T.sub.m:182-185.degree. C.
Step 4:
[0434] The nucleoside (1.5 g, 3.5 mmol) prepared above was treated
with liquid ammonia at 85.degree. C. for 24 hours in the metal
pressure reactor. After evaporation of ammonia the residue was
dissolved in methanol and co-evaporated with silica gel (about 20
mL). Silica gel bearing the product was on the column (5.times.10
cm) with silica gel in acetone collecting 50 mL fractions.
Fractions 2-8 contained the desired compound. Acetone was
evaporated and the residue crystallized from methanol/acetonitrile
to give 1.2 g (84%) of the target nucleoside;
[0435] T.sub.m 220-222.degree. C. (dec);
[0436] .sup.1H-NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6): .delta. 8.20 (s, 1H), 7.80 (s,
1H), 6.80-6.50 (bs, 1H), 6.09 (s, 1H), 5.19 (t, 1H), 5.13-5.11 (m,
2H), 4.00-3.70 (m, 3H), 3.60-3.20 (m, 1H), 0.84 (s, 3H);
[0437] MS 407.32 (M+H).
Step 5:
[0438] To a solution of the product from Example 1, Step 4 (500 mg,
1.232 mmol) was added CuI (46.8 mg, 0.246 mmol), TEA (0.343 mL,
2.464 mmol) and 35 mL of DMF. The mixture was degassed with argon
under sonication for 2-3 minutes and Pd(PPh.sub.3).sub.4 (142 mg,
0.123 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture was heated to
55.degree. C. for 20 min. Following the 20 min, ethyl propiolate
(0.5 mL, 4.9 mL) was added to the reaction mixture every 20 minutes
until all the starting material had been consumed, as was monitored
by LC/MS. The crude reaction mixture was concentrated and purified
on silica gel with methanol/methylene chloride (1:20) as the eluent
to afford 600 mg of the target compound.
[0439] .sup.1H NMR (CD.sub.3OD): .delta. 0.858 (s, 3H), 1.34 (t,
3H), 3.87-4.126 (m, 4H), 4.28 (q, 2H), 6.24 (s, 1H), 8.17 (s, 1H),
8.24 (s, 1H);
[0440] MS (M+1): 377.1.
Step 6:
[0441] To a solution of the product from Example 1, Step 5 (35 mg,
0.093 mmol) in 20 mL ethanol was added 10% palladium on carbon (20
mg). The reaction vessel was flushed with H.sub.2 gas and held at 1
atm of H.sub.2 via balloon until all starting material had been
consumed, as was determined by TLC (24 hours). The palladium
catalyst was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated and used
directly in Example 1, Step 7.
Step 7:
[0442] To the crude material from Example 1, Step 6 (35 mg, 0.093
mmol) was added 0.1M NaOEt (20 mL) and the reaction heated to
reflux for 1 hour. The reaction was neutralized with acetic acid,
concentrated in vacuo and purified on Phenomenex-C.sub.18 reverse
phase HPLC with a 0-60% B gradient over 20 min at 10 mL/min (Buffer
A=H.sub.2O, Buffer B=acetonitrile);
[0443] .sup.1H NMR (CD.sub.3OD): .delta. 0.881 (s, 3H), 3.59-4.085
(m, 4H), 5.73 (d, 1H, J=11.4) 6.22 (s, 1H), 7.03 (d, 1H, J=11.4),
7.84 (s, 1H), 8.31 (s, 1H);
[0444] MS (M+1): 333.1.
Example 2
Preparation of
2-(2'-methyl-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-2,6,8,9-tetrahydro-2,3,5,6-tetraaza--
benzo[cd]azulen-7-one (Compound 302)
[0445] To a solution of the title product from Example 1 (10 mg,
0.030 mmol) in ethanol (20 mL) was added 1-2 mg PtO.sub.2. The
reaction vessel was flushed with H.sub.2 gas and held at 1 atm of
12 via balloon for 24 hours. The platinum catalyst was filtered and
the filtrate was concentrated and the crude product was purified on
silica gel methanol/methylene chloride (1:20) as the eluent to
afford 4.0 mg of the title compound;
[0446] .sup.1H NMR (CD.sub.3OD): .delta. 0.852 (s, 3H), 2.91-3.03
(m, 4H), 3.61-4.14 (m, 4H), 6.22 (s, 1H), 7.53 (s, 1H), 8.44 (s,
1H); MS (M+1): 335.1.
Example 3
Preparation of
2-(2'-methyl-.beta.-D-ribofaranosyl)-6,7-dihydro-2H-2,3,5,6-tetraaza-benz-
o[cd]azulene (Compound 303)
Step 1:
[0447] To a solution of the product from Example 1, Step 4 (200 mg,
0.492 mmol) was added CuI (36.5 mg, 0.192 mmol), TEA (0.064 mL,
0.46 mmol), 3.2 mL of DMF, and 9.6 mL of THF. The mixture was
degassed with argon under sonication for 2-3 minutes and
Pd(PPh.sub.3).sub.4 (56 mg, 0.048 mmol) and 0.4 mL (2.83 mmol)
propyne diethylacetal were added to the reaction mixture which was
allowed to stir at room temperature overnight. The following
morning an additional 0.4 mL of propyne diethylacetal was added and
the reaction was stirred at room temperature for an additional 24
hours. The crude reaction mixture was concentrated and purified on
silica gel methanol/methylene chloride (1:4) as the eluent to
afford 200 mg of the target compound;
[0448] .sup.1H NMR (CD.sub.3OD): .delta. 0.84 (s, 3H), 1.25 (t,
6H), 3.66-4.15 (m, 8H), 6.22 (s, 1H), 7.90 (s, 1H), 8.12 (s,
1H);
[0449] MS (M+1): 407.2.
Step 2:
[0450] To a solution of the product from Example 3, Step 1 (50 mg,
0.123 mmol) in 20 mL ACN/H.sub.2O (1:1) was added Lindlar's
catalyst (2-3 mg). The vessel was flushed with H.sub.2 gas and held
at 1 atm of H.sub.2 via balloon. The reaction was allowed to stir
at room temperature until all starting material was consumed, as
determined by TLC. The catalyst was filtered and the filtrate was
concentrated. The crude product was taken up in acetic acid (1 mL)
and was stirred at room temperature for 15 min to liberate the
aldehyde. This material was then concentrated in vacuo and
MgSO.sub.4 (160 mg, 1.33 mmol), NaCNBH.sub.3 1M in THF (0.025 mL,
0.025 mmol) were added and the mixture was heated to 55.degree. C.
for 15 min. The MgSO.sub.4 was filtered and the filtrate
concentrated and purified on Phenomenex-C.sub.18 reverse phase HPLC
with a 0-40% B gradient over 30 min at 10 mL/min (Buffer
A=H.sub.2O, Buffer B=acetonitrile) to yield the title compound;
[0451] .sup.1H NMR (CD.sub.3OD): .delta. 0.87 (s, 3H), 3.8-4.13 (m,
6H), 5.76 (dt, 1H, J=11.1 Hz, J=5.4 Hz) 6.20 (s, 1H), 6.66 (dt, 1H,
J=11.1, J=1.2), 7.48 (s, 1H), 8.10 (s, 1H);
[0452] MS (M+1): 319.15.
Example 4
Preparation of
2-(2'-methyl-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-6,9-dihydro-2H-2,3,5,6-tetraaza-benz-
o[cd]azulene (Compound 304)
[0453] To a solution of the product from Example 3, Step 1 (50 mg,
0.123 mmol) in ethanol (10 mL) was added PtO.sub.2 (2-3 mg). The
vessel was flushed with H.sub.2 gas and held at 1 atm H.sub.2 via
balloon for 2 hours. The catalyst was filtered and the filtrate was
concentrated and the product was purified on Phenomenex-C.sub.18
reverse phase HPLC with a 0-80% B gradient over 30 min at 10 mL/min
(Buffer A=H.sub.2O, Buffer B=acetonitrile). The appropriate
fractions were concentrated and taken up in 2 mL 70% TFA-water
mixture and stirred at 0.degree. C. for 20 min to liberate the
aldehyde. The crude product was concentrated and was taken up in
acetonitrile (30 mL) and heated to 55.degree. C. for 2 hours. The
reaction mixture was concentrated and purified on
Phenomenex-C.sub.18 reverse phase HPLC with a 0-60% B gradient over
30 min at 10 mL/min (Buffer A=H.sub.2O, Buffer B=acetonitrile) to
yield the title compound;
[0454] .sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6): .delta. 0.68 (s, 3H), 3.48 (m,
2H), 3.63-3.97 (m, 4H), 4.79 (dt, 1H, J=10.8 Hz, J=4.5 Hz) 5.1 (s,
3H), 6.10 (m, 1H), 6.22 (s, 1H), 7.45 (s, 1H), 8.26 (s, 1H), 9.36
(d, 1H, J=6.3 Hz);
[0455] MS (M+1): 319.15.
Example 5
Preparation of
2-(2'-methyl-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-2H-2,3,5,6-tetraa-
za-benzo[cd]azulene (Compound 305)
Step 1:
[0456] N-trifluoroacetyl propargylamine was synthesized as
described in Tetrahedron Lett. 1988, Vol. 29, No. 41 pp.
5221-5224.
Step 2:
[0457] To a solution of the product from Example 1, Step 3 (125 mg,
0.294 mmol) in DMF (1.7 mL) and THF (5 mL) was added CuI (4.4 mg,
0.0231 vol) and TEA (0.25 mL, 1.46 mmol). The mixture was degassed
with argon under sonication for 2-3 minutes followed by the
addition of Pd(PPh.sub.3).sub.2Cl.sub.2 (4.4 mg, 0.00627 mmol) and
0.6 mL (6.86 mmol) of n-trifluoroacetyl propargylamine. The
reaction was allowed to stir at room temperature overnight. The
following day, the reaction mixture was concentrated and purified
on Phenomenex-C.sub.18 reverse phase HPLC with a 0-80% B gradient
over 30 min at 10 mL/min (Buffer A=H.sub.2O, Buffer B=acetonitrile)
to afford 100 mg of the target compound;
[0458] MS (M+1): 449.09.
Step 3:
[0459] To a solution of the product from Example 5, Step 2 (30 mg,
0.0668) in THF (10 mL) was added 1-2 mg PtO.sub.2. The vessel was
flushed with H.sub.2 gas and held at 1 atm of H.sub.2 via balloon
for 1 hour at room temperature. The catalyst was filtered and the
filtrate was concentrated. The residue was taken up in concentrated
ammonium (3 mL), stirred at room temperature for 1 hour, and
concentrated. The residue was co-evaporated with pyridine (5 mL) 3
times followed by toluene (5 mL) 2 times and taken up in
acetonitrile in the presence of molecular sieves. TEA (30 .mu.l)
was added and the reaction was heated to 75.degree. C. for 3 hours.
The molecular sieves were filtered and the filtrate was
concentrated and purified on Phenomenex-C.sub.18 reverse phase HPLC
with a 0-40% B gradient over 30 min at 10 mL/min (Buffer
A=H.sub.2O, Buffer B=acetonitrile) to afford 8 mg of the title
compound;
[0460] .sup.1H NMR (CD.sub.3OD): .delta. 0.83 (s, 3H), 2.02 (m,
2H), 2.89 (m, 2H), 3.50 (m, 2H), 3.80-4.1 (m, 4H), 6.19 (s, 1H),
7.23 (s, 1H), 8.0 (s, 1H);
[0461] MS (M+1): 321.17.
Example 6
Preparation of
9-amino-2-(.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-2,6-dihydro-7H-2,3,5,6-tetraazabenzo[c-
d]azulen-7-one (Compound 306)
Step 1. 2,3-O-isopropylidene-D-ribofuranose
[0462] Into a suspension of D-ribose (50 g, 0.33 mol) in acetone
(1500 mL) was added sulfuric acid (1 mL) dropwise. Reaction mixture
was stirred overnight at room temperature and then neutralized with
sat. aq. NaHCO.sub.3. Solution was decanted and concentrated. Oily
residue was dissolved in EtOAc (1000 mL) and washed with water (300
mL). Aqueous layer was re-extracted with EtOAc (2.times.500 mL).
Combined extracts were dried over Na.sub.2SO.sub.4 and concentrated
to yield the target compound (42.3 g, 67.3%) as oil which was used
as such for the next step.
Step 2.
5-O-tert-Butyldimethylsily-2,3-O-isopropylidene-D-ribofuranose
[0463] 2,3-O-isopropylidene-D-ribofuranose, obtained as described
above (21.7 g, 0.114 mol) was dissolved in anhydrous
CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 (600 mL) and imidazole (15.53 g, 0.228 mol) and
TBDMSCl (18.90 g, 0.125 mol) were added under argon. After stirring
for 3 h at room temperature reaction mixture was neutralized with
1N aq. HCl. Two layers were separated. Organic layer was washed
with water and saturated brine, dried (Na.sub.2SO.sub.4) and
evaporated. Residue was purified on silica gel column with
hexanes/EtOAc (11/1, 1800 mL; 10/1, 1540 mL; 8/1, 1800 mL) as the
eluents to yield 23.89 g (69%) of the target compound (as mixture
of .alpha./.beta. isomers 88/12) as a thick oil (which slowly
crystallized in the freezer).
[0464] .sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6): .delta. 6.39 (d, 1H, J=4.4 Hz),
5.11 (d, 1H, J=4.4 Hz), 4.56 (d, 1H, J=6.2 Hz), 4.39 (d, 1H, J=6.7
Hz), 3.89 (t, 1H, J=6.7 Hz), 3.52 (m, 2H), 1.31 (s, 3H), 1.19 (s,
3H), 0.82 (s, 9H), 0.00 (s, 6H).
Step 3.
7-(5'-O-tert-Butyldimethylsily-2',3'-O-isopropylidene-D-ribofurano-
syl)-4-chloro-5-iodo-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine
[0465] 4-Chloro-5-iodo-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine, obtained as
described in Example 1, Step 1 (14.80 g, 53 mmol) was suspended in
anhydrous CH.sub.3CN (500 mL). NaH (2.12 g, 53 mmol 60% in oil) was
added then and the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature
for 2 h.
5-O-tert-Butyldimethylsily-2,3-O-isopropylidene-D-ribofuranose
(15.22 g, 50 mmol), obtained as described in Step 2 was dissolved
in anhydrous THF (100 mL), CCl4 (6.27 mL, 65 mmol) was added and
the resulting mixture cooled down to -78.degree. C. At this point
HMPT (9.54 mL, 62.5 mmol) was added dropwise. Reaction mixture was
allowed to warm slowly (in 0.5 h) to -30.degree. C. and stirred at
-30.degree. C. to -20.degree. C. for 1 h and then transferred via
canula into the solution of Na-salt of the base. The combined
mixture was stirred overnight at room temperature, then filtered
and filtrate evaporated. The residue was purified on silica gel
with hexanes/EtOAc (15/1) as the eluent to yield the target
compound as off-white crisp foam (8.49 g, 30%).
[0466] .sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6): .delta. 8.66 (s, 1H), 8.05 (s,
1H), 6.31 (d, 1H, J=2.6 Hz), 5.16 (dd, 1H, J=6.2, 2.3 Hz), 4.88
(dd, 1H, J=6.2, 2.9 Hz), 4.23 (m, 1H), 3.76 (dd, 2H, J=11.4, 4.1
Hz), 3.67 (dd, 1H, J=11.3, 4.8 Hz), 1.52 (s, 3H), 1.30 (s, 3H),
0.81 (s, 9H), 0.00 (s, 6H).
Step 4.
4-chloro-5-iodo-7-(.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimi-
dine
[0467] To the mixture of the compound from the previous step (5.5
g, 9.7 mmol) in methanol (250 mL) was added Dowex H.sup.+
(.about.20 mL; previously washed with MeOH). The mixture was
stirred at room temperature for 3 h. The resin was filtered and
washed with methanol (500 mL). The combined filtrates were
evaporated and solid residue treated with MeOH (100 mL) to yield
after filtration 2.88 g (72%) of the target compound.
[0468] .sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6): .delta. 8.65 (s, 1H), 8.23 (s,
1H), 6.18 (d, 1H, J=6.2 Hz), 5.43 (br, 1H), 5.0-5.3 (br, 2H), 4.36
(m, 1H), 4.08 (dd, 1H, J=5.0, 3.2 Hz), 3.92 (m, 1H), 3.64 (dd, 1H,
J=12.0, 3.8 Hz), 3.55 (dd, 1H, J=11.9, 3.7 Hz).
Step 5.
4-amino-5-iodo-7-(.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimid-
ine
[0469] The nucleoside prepared as described above (155 mg, 0.38
mmol) was treated with liquid ammonia at 120.degree. C. for 20
hours in the high pressure metal reactor. After evaporation of
ammonia the residue was purified on silica gel with
CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2/MeOH (30/1, 20/1, 15/1) as the eluents to yield
the target compound as white powder (115 mg, 79%).
[0470] .sup.1H NMR (Acetone-d.sub.6): .delta. 8.10 (s, 1H), 7.59
(s, 1H), 6.37 (br s, 2H), 5.98 (d, 1H, J=6.5 Hz), 5.29 (br, 1H),
4.76 (m, 1H), 4.62 (br, 1H), 4.33 (br, 1H), 4.11 (m, 1H), 3.74 (m,
1H).
Step 6.
[4-amino-7-(.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-y-
l]-propynoic acid ethyl ester
[0471] To a solution of the product from Step 5 (61 mg, 0.156 mmol)
in DMF (2 mL) were added CuI (6 mg, 0.032 mmol) and TEA (45 .mu.L,
0.323 mmol). The mixture was degassed with argon under sonication
for 2-3 minutes and Pd(PPh.sub.3).sub.4 (18 mg, 0.016 mmol) was
added and the resulting mixture was heated at 55.degree. C. for 15
min. Ethyl propiolate (4.times.5 .mu.L, 0.197 mmol) was added to
the reaction mixture at 55.degree. C. in 30 minutes intervals. The
crude mixture was concentrated and purified on silica gel with
CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2MeOH (100/1, 50/1, 25/1) as the eluents to afford
36 mg (64%) of the target compound.
[0472] .sup.1H NMR (Acetone-d.sub.6): .delta. 8.18 (s, 1H), 8.06
(s, 1H), 6.4 (br, 2H), 6.05 (d, 1H, J=6.2 Hz), 5.27 (br, 1H), 4.77
(m, 1H), 4.38 (m, 1H), 4.27 (q, 2H, J=7.1 Hz), 4.15 (m, 1H), 3.79
(m, 2H), 1.32 (t, 3H, J=7.0 Hz).
[0473] MS: m/z=363.7 (M+1).
Step 7.
[4-amino-7-(.beta.-D-ribofaranosyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-y-
l]-acrylic acid ethyl ester
[0474] The nucleoside, prepared as described above (36 mg, 0.1
mmol) was treated with liquid ammonia at 75.degree. C. for 1.5 h in
the high pressure metal reactor. After evaporation of ammonia the
residue was purified on a silica gel column with
CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2/MeOH (40/1, 20/1, 10/1) as the eluents to yield 15
mg (40%) of the target compound.
[0475] .sup.1H NMR (CD.sub.3OD): .delta. 8.12 (s, 1H), 7.70 (s,
1H), 6.06 (d, 1H, J=6.2 Hz), 4.86 (s, 1H), 4.60 (m, 1H), 4.28 (q,
2H, J=7.1 Hz), 4.11 (m, 1), 3.86 (dd, 1H, J=12.3, 2.6 Hz), 3.74
(dd, 1H, J 12.3, 2.9 Hz), 1.27 (t, 3H, J=7.2 Hz).
[0476] MS: m/z=380.7 (M+1).
Step 8.
9-amino-2-(.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-2,6-dihydro-7H-2,3,5,6-tetraaza-
benzo[cd]-azulen-7-one (Compound 306)
[0477] A solution of the compound from Step 7 (10 mg, 0.026 mmol)
in 0.1M NaOMe (3 mL) was heated at reflux temperature for 2 hour
then concentrated in vacuo and purified on Phenomenex-C.sub.18
reverse phase HPLC with a 0-40% B gradient over 30 min at 10 mL/min
(Solvent A=H.sub.2O, Solvent B=MeCN). The title compound was
isolated as a white solid in 4 mg (46%) yield.
[0478] .sup.1H NMR (CD.sub.3OD+D.sub.2O): .delta. 8.31 (s, 1H),
7.91 (s, 1H), 6.15 (d, 1H, J=6.5 Hz) 5.14 (s, 1H), 4.64 (m, 1H),
4.35 (dd, 1H, J=5.3, 3.2 Hz), 4.24 (m, 1H), 3.86 (m, 1H);
[0479] MS: m/z=334.1 (M+1).
Example 7
Preparation of
2-(2'-methyl-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-9-methylamino-2,6-dihydro-2,3,5,6-te-
traaza-benzo[cd]azulen-7-one (Compound 307)
[0480] The product from Example 1, Step 5 (225 mg, 0.598 mmol) in
methylamine (9 mL, 1 M in THF) was sealed in an autoclave bomb and
heated to 80.degree. C. for 1 hour. The reaction mixture was
concentrated and the residue was taken up in 11.6 mL of 0.5 M NaOEt
and heated to 80.degree. C. for 1 hour. The reaction mixture was
concentrated and purified on Phenomenex-C.sub.18 reverse phase HPLC
with a 0-40% B gradient over 20 min at 10 mL/min (Buffer
A=H.sub.2O, Buffer B=acetonitrile) to afford 110 mg of the title
compound;
[0481] .sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6): .delta. 0.76 (s, 3H), 2.82 (d,
3H, J=4.2) 3.72-3.98 (m, 4H), 4.81 (d, 1H), 4.88 (t, 1H) 5.24 (d,
1H, J=8.1), 5.25 (s, 1H), 6.20 (s, 1H), 7.08 (d, 1H, J=4.8), 7.80
(s, 1H), 8.32 (s, 1H), 10.16 (s, 1H);
[0482] MS (M+1): 362.15.
Example 8
Preparation of
2-(2'-methyl-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-2,6,7,9-tetrahydro-2,3,5,6,9-pentaaz-
a-benzo[cd]azulen-8-one (Compound 308)
Step 1.
4-Chloro-7-(2'-methyl-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyr-
imidine
[0483] The target compound was synthesized according to the
procedure in U.S. Pat. No. 6,777,395.
Step 2.
4-Chloro-7-(2'-methyl-2',3',5'-tris-O-acetyl-.beta.-D-ribofuranosy-
l)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine
[0484] To a solution of the product from Step 1 (1.0 g, 3.34 mmol)
in glacial acetic acid (14 mL) was added acetyl chloride (4 mL) and
the mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The reaction
was then concentrated in vacuo, co-evaporated with toluene, and
purified by Isco CombiFlash purification system with a 40 g silica
gel column and 0-35% MeOH gradient in DCM over 30 minutes to afford
1.4 g (99%).
[0485] MS (M+1): 471.0
Step 3.
4-Chloro-7-(2'-methyl-2',3',5'-tris-O-acetyl-.beta.-D-ribofuranosy-
l)-5-nitro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine
[0486] A solution of the product from Step 2 (700 mg, 1.64 mmol) in
DCM was cooled to 0.degree. C. in ice/water bath. Meanwhile fuming
HNO.sub.3 (1 mL) and H.sub.2SO.sub.4 (1 mL) were premixed and added
dropwise to a vigorously stirred DCM solution containing the
protected nucleoside and the mixture. The solution was stirred at
0.degree. C. for 1.5 hours then quenched by pouring into an ice
cold saturated Na.sub.2CO.sub.3 solution (125 mL). The product was
extracted with DCM and the organic layers were dried over
Na.sub.2SO.sub.4 and concentrated in vacuo. The crude purified by
Isco CombiFlash purification system with a 40 g silica gel column
and 0-35% MeOH gradient in DCM over 30 minutes to afford 440 mg
(52%).
[0487] .sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6): .delta. 9.12 (s, 1H), 8.91 (s,
1H), 6.81 (s, 1H), 5.44 (m, 1H), 4.5-4.3 (m, 3H), 2.10 (m, 9H),
1.38 (s, 3H).
[0488] MS (M+1): 471.0
Step 4.
4-(2-methoxy-2-oxoethylamino)-7-(2'-methyl-2',3',5'-tris-O-acetyl--
.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-5-nitro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine
[0489] The compound from Step 3 (150 mg, 0.319 mmol) was dissolved
in anhydrous MeOH (3 mL). Meanwhile glycine methylester mono
hydrochloride (48 mg, 0.383 mmol) was neutralized with a 0.5M
solution NaOMe (76611, 0.383 mmol) and this mixture was added to
the methanolic solution containing nucleoside and the mixture was
heated to 75.degree. C. for 1.5 hours. Concentrated reaction in
vacuo and purified on flash silica gel chromatography with a 0-5.0%
MeOH gradient in DCM to afford 100 mg (60%).
[0490] .sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6): .delta. 8.74 (s, 1H), 8.35 (s,
1H), 8.14 (t, 1H, J=5.4 Hz), 6.68 (s, 1H), 5.47 (m, 1H), 4.5-4.3
(m, 5H), 3.68 (s, 3H), 2.10 (m, 9H), 1.37 (s, 3H).
[0491] MS (M+1): 524.1
Step 5.
2-(2'-methyl-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-2,6,7,9-tetrahydro-2,3,5,6,9--
pentaaza-benzo[cd]azulen-8-one (Compound 308)
[0492] To the compound from Step 4 (20 mg, 0.038 mmol) was added
MeOH (5 mL), Pd (10% on Carbon), and TEA (0.5 mL) and the mixture
was purged with H.sub.2 gas for 5 minutes then heated to 50.degree.
C. overnight under 1 atmosphere of H.sub.2 via balloon. The
catalyst was then filtered and the mixture concentrated in vacuo.
The crude product was purified on Phenomenex-Cis reverse phase HPLC
with a 0-50% B gradient over 20 min at 10 mL/min (Buffer
A=H.sub.2O, Buffer B=acetonitrile) to afford 8.5 mg (66%) of the
title compound.
[0493] .sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6): .delta. 10.27 (s, 1H), 8.1 (s,
1H), 7.51 (t, 1H, J=3.6 Hz), 7.03 (s, 1H), 6.10 (s, 1H), 5.13-5.03
(m, 3H), 3.94-3.74 (m, 5H), 3.64-3.54 (m, 1H), 0.71 (s, 3H).
[0494] MS (M+1): 336.12
Example 9
Preparation of
9-acetamido-2-(2'-methyl-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-2,6-dihydro-2,3,5,6-tetr-
aaza-benzo[cd]azulen-7-one (Compound 309)
Step 1.
9-Amino-2-[2'-methyl-3',5'-O-(1'',1'',3'',3''-tetraisopropyl-disil-
oxane-1'',3''-diyl)-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl]-2,6-dihydro-7H-2,3,5,6-tetraaz-
abenzo[cd]azulen-7-one
[0495] To the product from Example 14, (250 mg, 0.720 mmol) in DMF
(6.4 mL) was added imidazole (293 mg, 4.30 mmol) followed by the
dropwise addition of 1,3-dichloro-1,1,3,3-tetraisopropyldisiloxane
(285 .mu.l, 0.894 mmol) under rapid stirring. The mixture was
stirred under argon for 4 hours then quenched with methanol (1 ml)
and concentrated in vacuo. The crude material was purified by flash
silica gel chromatography with a 0.1-5.0% MeOH gradient in DCM to
afford 290 mg (68%) of the target compound.
[0496] .sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6): .delta. 10.13 (1H, d, J=1.2 Hz),
8.29 (1H, s), 7.66 (1H, s), 6.64 (2H, br s), 6.07 (1H, s), 5.26 (s,
1H), 5.06 (d, 1H, J=1.8 Hz), 4.3-4.15 (m, 2H), 4.05-3.95 (m, 2H),
1.15-0.90 (m, 28H), 0.85 (s, 3H).
[0497] MS (M+1): 590.3
Step 2.
9-Acetamido-2-[2'-methyl-3',5'-O-(1'',1'',3'',3''-tetraisopropyl-d-
isiloxane-1'',3''-diyl)-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl]-2,6-dihydro-7H-2,3,5,6-tet-
raazabenzo[cd]azulen-7-one
[0498] To the product from Step 1 (50 mg, 0.085 mmol) in pyridine
(1 mL) was added DMAP (20.7 mg, 0.170 mmol), 10 molecular sieves,
and acetic anhydride (40 .mu.l, 0.424 mmol). The mixture was
allowed to stir at ambient temperature overnight then concentrated
in vacuo. The crude material was purified on Isco CombiFlash
purification system with a 4 g silica gel column and 0.1-5.0% MeOH
gradient in DCM over 30 minutes to afford 25 mg (47%) of the target
compound.
[0499] .sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6): .delta. 10.75 (d, 1H, J=1.5 Hz),
9.71 (s, 1H), 8.34 (s, 1H), 7.65 (s, 1H), 6.56 (d, 1H, J=1.5 Hz),
6.09 (s, 1H), 5.32 (s, 1H), 4.25-3.95 (m, 4H), 2.12 (s, 3H),
1.15-1.0 (m, 28H), 0.82 (s, 3H).
[0500] MS (M+1): 632.2
Step 3.
9-Acetamido-2-(2'-methyl-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-2,6-dihydro-2,3,5-
,6-tetraaza-benzo[cd]azulen-7-one (Compound 309)
[0501] The product from Step 2 (25 mg, 0.040 mmol) in anhydrous THF
(0.6 mL) was cooled in an ice/water bath to 0.degree. C. and a 1
Molar solution of TBAF in THF (158 .mu.l, 0.158 mmol) was added
dropwise to the rapidly stirred solution. The mixture was allowed
to stir at 0.degree. C. for 15 minutes then allowed to warm to room
temperature over an additional 30 minutes. The crude reaction was
concentrated in vacuo and purified on Phenomenex-C.sub.18 reverse
phase HPLC with a 0-40% B gradient over 30 min at 10 mL/min (Buffer
A=H.sub.2O, Buffer B=acetonitrile) to afford 5.0 mg (32%) of the
title compound.
[0502] .sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6): .delta. 10.70 (br s, 1H), 9.43
(s, 1H) 8.35 (s, 1H), 7.96 (s, 1H), 6.64 (s, 1H), 6.15 (s, 1H),
5.29 (br s, 1H), 5.18 (d, 1H, J=4.5 Hz), 4.99 (dd, 1H, J=5.1 Hz),
3.95-3.65 (m, 4H), 2.15 (s, 3H), 0.78 (s, 3H).
[0503] MS (M+1): 390.1
Example 10
Preparation of
9-hydrazino-2-(2'-methyl-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-2,6-dihydro-2,3,5,6-tetr-
aaza-benzo[cd]azulen-7-one (Compound 310)
[0504] To a solution of the product from Example 35 (17 mg, 0.0488
mmol) was treated with 1 mL of neat hydrazine at room temperature
for overnight and checked by LC-MS. The reaction then was
concentrated. The crude product was purified by HPLC to afford 10
mg of the title compound as a mixture of tautomers;
[0505] .sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6, 300 MHz): .delta. 12.005 (s, 1H),
10.772 (s, 1H), 9.253 (s, 1H), 7.941 (s, 1H), 7.811 (s, 1H), 7.116
(s, 1H), 6.056 (s, 1H), 5.50 (d, 1H), 5.20 (m, 1H), 5.50 (d, 1H),
5.01 (d, 1H, J=9 Hz), 3.964-3.580 (m, 4H), 0.627 (s, 3H);
[0506] MS (M+1): 363.1.
Example 11
Preparation of
9-fluoro-2-(2'-methyl-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-2,6-dihydro-2,3,5,6-tetraaz-
a-benzo[cd]azulen-7-one (Compound 311)
[0507] To a solution of the product from Example 1, Step 5 (37 mg,
0.106 mmol) was added 2.5 g of
tetrabutylammoniumdihydrogentrifluoride (50% solution in
dichloroethane. The reaction was heated to 100.degree. C. for 4
days and monitored by HPLC. The reaction mixture was then
neutralized with ammonium hydroxide to pH=6. The product was
isolated by reverse phase HPLC separation.
[0508] .sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6): .delta. 10.976 (s, 1H), 8.417
(s, 1H), 8.269 (s, 1H), 6.111 (s, 1H), 5.727-5.652 (d, 1H, J=22.5
Hz) 4.00-3.68 (m, 4H), 0.74 (s, 3H);
[0509] .sup.19F NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6): 6-101.89 (d, 1F, J=22.2
Hz);
[0510] MS (M+1): 351.1.
Example 12
Preparation of
9-formamido-2-(2'-methyl-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-2,6-dihydro-2,3,5,6-tetr-
aaza-benzo[cd]azulen-7-one (Compound 312)
Step 1.
9-Formamido-2-[2'-methyl-3',5'-O-(1'',1'',3'',3''-tetraisopropyl-d-
isiloxane-1'',3''-diyl)-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl]-2,6-dihydro-7H-2,3,5,6-tet-
raazabenzo[cd]azulen-7-one
[0511] To the compound from Example 9, Step 1 (100 mg, 0.170 mmol)
was added DMAP (41.5 mg, 0.340 mmol) and a 1:1 (v/v) mixture of
formic acid and acetic anhydride (1.6 mL). The mixture was allowed
to stir at ambient temp for 15 minutes then cooled to 0.degree. C.
in an ice/water bath and quenched with TEA (1.5 mL). The mixture
was then poured over ice water and the crude product extracted with
DCM (50 mL, 2.times.). The organic layers were combined, dried over
Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, and concentrated in vacuo. The crude material was
purified on Isco CombiFlash purification system with a 4 g silica
gel column and 0.1-5.0% MeOH gradient in DCM over 30 minutes to
afford 47 mg (45%) of the target compound.
[0512] .sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6): .delta. 11.53 (br s, 1H), 10.68
(br s, 1H), 10.08 (s, 1H), 8.23 (br s, 1H), 8.42 (s, 1H), 8.30 (s,
1H), 6.10 (s, 1H), 5.33 (s, 1H), 4.3-4.0 (m, 4H), 1.15-0.95 (m,
28H), 0.86 (s, 3H).
[0513] MS (M+1): 618.3
Step 2.
9-Formamido-2-(2'-methyl-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-2,6-dihydro-2,3,5-
,6-tetraaza-benzo[cd]azulen-7-one (Compound 312)
[0514] The product from Step 1 (47 mg, 0.076 mmol) in anhydrous THF
(1.2 mL) was cooled in an ice/water bath to 0.degree. C. and a 1
Molar solution of TBAF in THF (190 .mu.l, 0.190 mmol) was added
dropwise to the rapidly stirred solution. The mixture was allowed
to stir at 0.degree. C. for 30 minutes. The crude reaction was
concentrated in vacuo and purified on Phenomenex-C.sub.18 reverse
phase HPLC with a 0-40% B gradient over 30 min at 10 mL/min (Buffer
A=H.sub.2O, Buffer B=acetonitrile) to afford 26.5 mg (93%) of the
title compound.
[0515] .sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6): .delta. 11.53 (br s, 1H), 10.66
(s, 1H), 10.09 (s, 1H), 8.85 (br s, 1H), 8.45 (s, 1H), 8.42 (s, 1H)
6.24 (s, 1H), 5.34 (s, 1H), 5.29 (d, 1H, J=6.6 Hz), 4.91 (dd, 1H,
J=5.4 Hz), 4.0-3.9 (m, 1H), 3.85-3.75 (m, 3H), 0.79 (s, 3H).
[0516] MS (M+1): 376.1
Example 13
Preparation of
9-methoxyamino-2-(2'-methyl-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-2,6-dihydro-2,3,5,6-t-
etraaza-benzo[cd]azulen-7-one (Compound 313)
[0517] To a solution of the product from Example 35 (20 mg, 0.0575
mmol) in pyridine (3 mL) was added 60 mg of methoxylamine-HCl salt.
The reaction was stirred at RT for overnight and checked by LC-MS.
The reaction then was concentrated. The crude product was purified
by HPLC to afford 12 mg of the title compound as a mixture of
tautomers;
[0518] .sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6, 300 MHz): .delta. 11.194 (s, 1H),
8.918 (s, 1H), 8.573 (s, 1H), 6.233 (s, 1H), 5.30-5.20 (m, 3H),
4.04-3.86 (m, 4H), 3.91 (s, 1H), 2.50 (s, 2H), 0.689 (s, 3H);
[0519] MS (M+1): 378.1.
Example 14
Preparation of
9-Amino-2-(2'-methyl-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-2,6-dihydro-2,3,5,6-tetraaza-
-benzo[cd]azulen-7-one (Compound 314)
[0520] To the product from Example 1, Step 5 (100 mg, 0.266 mmol)
was added liquid ammonia (3 mL) which was sealed in an autoclave
bomb and heated to 85.degree. C. for 1 hour. The ammonia was
allowed to evaporate and the residue was taken up in 0.5 M NaOEt
(8.4 mL) and heated to 85.degree. C. overnight. The reaction
mixture was concentrated and purified on Phenomenex-Cl.sub.8
reverse phase HPLC with a 0-35% B gradient over 30 min at 10 mL/min
(Buffer A=H.sub.2O, Buffer B=acetonitrile) to afford 22 mg of the
title compound;
[0521] .sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6): .delta. 0.756 (s, 3H), 3.74-3.9
(m, 4H), 4.88 (t, 1H), 5.04 (s, 1H), 5.24 (s, 2H), 6.19 (s, 1H),
6.7 (s, 2H), 7.84 (s, 1H), 8.31 (s, 1H), 10.06 (s, 1H);
[0522] MS (M+1): 348.14.
Example 15
Preparation of
9-hydroxyamino-2-(2'-methyl-.beta.-D-ribofaranosyl)-2,6-dihydro-2,3,5,6-t-
etraaza-benzo[cd]azulen-7-one (Compound 315)
[0523] To a solution of the product from Example 35 (20 mg, 0.0575
mmol) in pyridine (3 mL) was added 20 mg of hydroxylamine HCl salt.
The reaction was stirred at RT for overnight and checked by LC-MS.
The reaction then was concentrated. The crude product was purified
by HPLC to afford 11 mg of the title compound as a mixture of
tautomers;
[0524] .sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6, 300 MHz): .delta. 9.20 (s, 1H),
8.639 (s, 1H), 8.556 (s, 1H), 7.979 (s, 1H), 7.824 (s, 1H), 6.262
(s, 1H), 6.094 (s, 1H), 4.173 (s, 1H), 4.00-3.60 (m, 4H), 2.528 (s,
2H), 0.695 (s, 3H), 0.673 (s, 3H);
[0525] MS (M+1): 364.1.
Example 16
Preparation of
8-fluoro-2-(2'-methyl-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-2,6-dihydro-2,3,5,6-tetraaz-
a-benzo[cd]azulen-7-one (Compound 316)
Step 1.
4-Amino-5-formyl-7-(2'-methyl-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2-
,3-d]pyrimidine
[0526] The title product from Example 1, Step 4 (150 mg, 0.37 mmol)
was dissolved in dry DMF (10 mL). The solution was degassed with
argon and bubbled with carbon monoxide gas at room temperature for
20 minutes. Pd(PPh.sub.3).sub.4 (55 mg, 0.048 mmol) was added and
the solution turned burgundy. The mixture was heated at 50.degree.
C. while more CO gas was bubbling through the reaction. In 20
minutes at 50.degree. C., 0.1 mL of tributyltin hydride in 0.5 mL
of THF was added and the reaction turned to yellow from burgundy.
Addition of tributyltin hydride was repeated every 15 minutes for 4
times. Then the reaction was checked by HPLC until the starting
material disappeared. The mixture was then filtrated and
concentrated. The crude product was purified by column
chromatography to afford 70 mg of the 7-formyl intermediate;
[0527] .sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6, 300 MHz): .delta. 11.182 (s, 1H),
8.333 (s, 1H), 7.799 (s, 1H), 7.207-7.147 (d, 1H, J=18 Hz), 6.072
(s, 1H), 5.239 (s, 2H), 5.126 (m, 1H), 3.870-3.668 (m, 4H), 0.728
(s, 3H);
[0528] MS (M+1): 309.1.
Step 2.
8-Fluoro-2-(2'-methyl-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-2,6-dihydro-2,3,5,6--
tetraaza-benzo[cd]azulen-7-one (Compound 316)
[0529] NaH (0.6 mg) was added to 10 mL of DMSO and the solution was
stirred for 15 minutes at room temperature then at 75.degree. C.
for 40 minutes. This formed the methylsulfonyl carbanion stock
solution. Let the solution cooled down to room temperature. This
solution (0.43 mL) was added to triethyl
2-fluoro-2-phosphonoacetate (0.143 mL, 0.84 mmol) at 5.degree. C.
(ice-bath) and the solution was stirring at RT for an additional 15
minutes. The product from step 1 in 1 mL of DMSO was added to the
solution dropwise at 5.degree. C. and let it stir at RT for 1.5
hours. The reaction was quenched with 10 mL of mixed water and DCM
(1:1) and the organic layer was extracted twice with water. The
combined aqueous layer was concentrated and separated by HPLC to
give 8 mg of pure product.
[0530] .sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6, 300 MHz): .delta. 11.182 (s, 1H),
8.333 (s, 1H), 7.799 (s, 1H), 7.207-7.147 (d, 1H, J=18 Hz), 6.072
(s, 1H), 5.239 (s, 2H), 5.126 (m, 1H), 3.870-3.668 (m, 4H), 0.728
(s, 3H); .sup.19F NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6, 300 MHz): 6-119.337 (d, 1F,
J=21 Hz);
[0531] MS (M+1): 351.1.
Example 17
Preparation of
9-amino-2-(2'-methyl-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-2,6-dihydro-2,3,5,6,8-pentaa-
za-benzo[cd]azulen-7-one (Compound 317)
Step 1.
4-Amino-6-bromo-5-cyano-7-[2'-methyl-2',3',5'-tris-O-(4''-methylbe-
nzoyl)-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl]-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine
[0532] The target compound was synthesized as described in the
literature procedure Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Letters,
2005, 15, 725-727.
Step 2.
4-Amino-5-cyano-7-[2'-methyl-2',3',5'-tris-O-(4''-methylbenzoyl)-.-
beta.-D-ribofuranosyl]-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine
[0533] To the product from Step 1 (1.5 g, 2.03 mmol) in dioxane
(200 mL) was added TEA (282 .mu.l, 2.03 mmol) and Pd/C (150 mg, 10%
on carbon) and the resulting solution was hydrogenated at 55 psi
for 8 hours. The solution was then filtered and the filtrate was
concentrated in vacuo and purified on Isco CombiFlash purification
system with a 40 g silica gel column and 0.1-15% MeOH gradient in
DCM over 30 minutes to afford 750 mg (56%) of the target
compound.
[0534] MS (M+1): 660.2
Step 3.
4-Amino-7-(2'-methyl-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyri-
midine-5-carboximidic acid methyl ester
[0535] To the product from Step 2 (1.5 g, 2.28 mmol) was added a
0.5 Molar sodium methoxide solution (22.8 mL, 11.4 mmol) and
stirred at ambient temperature for 4 hours. Silica gel was then
added directly to reaction mixture and concentrated in vacuo. The
product was purified on Isco CombiFlash purification system with a
80 g silica gel column and 0.1-40% MeOH gradient in DCM over 30
minutes to afford 450 mg (61%) of the target compound.
[0536] MS (M+1): 338.1
Step 4.
4-Amino-7-[2'-methyl-3',5'-O-(1'',1'',3'',3''-tetraisopropyl-disil-
oxane-1'',3''-diyl)-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl]-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine-5--
carboximidic acid methyl ester
[0537] To the product from Step 3 (468, 1.39 mmol) in anhydrous DMF
was added imidazole (566 mg, 8.33 mmol) followed by the dropwise
addition of 1,3-dichloro-1,1,3,3-tetraisopropyldisiloxane (572
.mu.l, 1.77 mmol) under rapid stirring. The mixture was stirred
under argon for 30 minutes then concentrated in vacuo. The crude
product was taken up in DCM and silica gel added then
re-concentrated. The product was purified on Isco CombiFlash
purification system with a 40 g silica gel column and 0.1-5.0% MeOH
gradient in DCM over 30 minutes to afford 570 mg (71%) of the
target compound.
[0538] .sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6): .delta. 10.0 (d, 1H, J=3.6 Hz),
8.17 (s, 1H), 8.06 (s, 1H), 7.63 (s, 1H), 7.27 (d, 1H, J=3.9 Hz),
6.10 (s, 1H), 5.38 (s, 1H), 4.25-3.90 (m, 4H), 3.70 (s, 3H),
1.15-0.95 (m, 28H), 0.79 (s, 3H).
[0539] MS (M+1): 580.3
Step 5.
9-Methoxy-2-[2'-methyl-3',5'-O-(1'',1'',3'',3''-tetraisopropyldisi-
loxane-1'',3''-diyl)-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl]-2,6-dihydro-2,3,5,6,8-pentaaz-
a-benzo[cd]azulen-7-one
[0540] To the product from Step 4 (200 mg, 0.345 mmol) in anhydrous
toluene (175 mL) was added DMAP (210 mg, 1.72 mmol), TEA (1.20 ml,
8.63 mmol), 50 molecular sieves and the solution was cooled to
0.degree. C. To this mixture was added a solution of triphosgene
(154 mg, 0.518 mmol) in dry toluene (37 mL) dropwise under vigorous
stirring. The mixture was allowed to stir an additional 5 minutes
at 0.degree. C. then quenched with methanol and concentrated in
vacuo. The product was purified on Isco CombiFlash purification
system with a 40 g silica gel column and 0.1-5.0% MeOH gradient in
DCM over 30 minutes to afford 83 mg (40%) of the target
compound.
[0541] .sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6): .delta. 10.77 (s, 1H), 8.43 (s,
1H), 7.86 (s, 1H), 6.10 (s, 1H), 5.62 (s, 1H), 4.26-3.96 (m, 4H),
3.87 (s, 3H), 1.15-0.95 (m, 28H), 0.84 (s, 3H).
[0542] MS (M+1): 606.3
Step 6.
9-Methoxy-2-(2'-methyl-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-2,6-dihydro-2,3,5,6-
,8-pentaaza-benzo[cd]azulen-7-one
[0543] The product from Step 5 (20 mg, 0.033 mmol) in THF (588
.mu.L) was cooled to 0.degree. C. and a 1 Molar solution of TBAF
was added dropwise under vigorous stirring. The mixture was allowed
to stir at 0.degree. C. for 15 minutes then silica gel was added
and the mixture was concentrated to dryness in vacuo. The product
was purified on Isco CombiFlash purification system with a 4 g
silica gel column and 0.1-30% MeOH gradient in DCM over 30 minutes
to afford 7 mg (58%) of the target compound.
[0544] .sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6): .delta. 10.71 (s, 1H), 8.41 (s,
2H), 6.13 (s, 1H), 5.33 (dd, 1H, =4.8 Hz), 5.29 (s, 1H), 5.18 (d,
1H, J=6.3 Hz), 4.05-3.80 (m, 3H), 3.88 (s, 3H), 3.75-3.60 (m, 1H),
0.71 (s, 3H).
[0545] MS (M+1): 364.1
Step 7.
9-Amino-2-(2'-methyl-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-2,6-dihydro-2,3,5,6,8-
-pentaaza-benzo[cd]azulen-7-one (Compound 317)
[0546] The product from Step 6 (20 mg, 0.0551 mmol) was dissolved
in liquid ammonia (3 mL) at -78.degree. C. then warmed to ambient
temperature in a pressure vessel and stirred for 30 minutes. The
reaction was then cooled to -78.degree. C. and opened to allow the
ammonia to evaporate. The residue was purified on
Phenomenex-C.sub.18 reverse phase HPLC with a 0-50% B gradient over
30 min at 10 mL/min (Buffer A=H.sub.2O, Buffer B=acetonitrile) to
afford 11 mg (57%) of the title compound.
[0547] .sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6): .delta. 10.13 (s, 1H), 8.36 (s,
1H), 8.07 (s, 1H), 8.03 (br s, 2H), 6.18 (s, 1H) 5.3-5.2 (m, 2H),
4.89 (dd, 1H, J=5.7 Hz), 3.95-3.90 (m, 1H), 3.85-3.70 (m, 3H), 0.74
(s, 3H).
[0548] MS (M+1): 349.1
Example 18
Preparation of
9-chloro-2-(2'-methyl-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-2,6-dihydro-2,3,5,6-tetraaz-
a-benzo[cd]azulen-7-one (Compound 318)
[0549] To a solution of the product from Example 1, Step 5 (25 mg,
0.066 mmol) in acetic acid (3 mL) was added 70 mg LiCl. The
reaction was heated at 80.degree. C. for 8 hours and monitored by
HPLC. The intermediate a, .beta.-unsaturated chloro-ester was
concentrated and the crude product was purified by HPLC. The ester
was treated with 75 mg of tetrabutylammoniumdihydrogentrifluoride
(50% solution in dichloroethane) and 16 mg of
tetrabutylammoniumfluoride (TBAF) in the presence of 50 mg of LiCl
at 105.degree. C. for 12 hours. Additional TBAF (16 mg) was added 3
more times every 5 hours. The mixture was purified by HPLC to
afford 5 mg of the title compound;
[0550] .sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6, 300 MHz): .delta. 10.963 (s, 1H),
8.339 (s, 1H), 8.281 (s, 1H), 6.042 (s, 1H), 5.937 (s, 1H),
5.312-5.283 (t, 1H) 5.227 (s, 1H), 5.13 (d, 1H, J=6.6 Hz),
3.966-3.58 (m, 4H), 0.669 (s, 3H);
[0551] MS (M+1): 367.0.
Example 19
Preparation of
9-iodo-2-(2'-methyl-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-2,6-dihydro-2,3,5,6-tetraaza--
benzo[cd]azulen-7-one (Compound 319)
[0552] To a solution of the title product from Example 6, Step 5
(30 mg, 0.08 mmol) in acetic acid (3 mL) was added 100 mg of sodium
iodide and 50 mg of zinc iodide. The reaction was heated at
95.degree. C. for 48 hours and monitored by HPLC. The crude product
was concentrated and purified by HPLC to afford 5 mg of the title
compound;
[0553] .sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6, 300 MHz): .delta. 10.958 (s, 1H),
8.372 (s, 1H), 8.097 (s, 1H), 6.490 (s, 1H), 6.102 (s, 1H), 4.0 (d,
1H, J=9 Hz), 3.903-3.837 (m, 2H), 3.65 (d, 1H, J=12.3 Hz), 0.709
(s, 3H);
[0554] MS (M+1): 459.0.
Example 20
Preparation of
9-amino-2-(2-O-methyl-.beta.-D-ribofaranosyl)-2,6-dihydro-7H-2,3,5,6-tetr-
aazabenzo[cd]azulen-7-one (Compound 320)
Step 1.
4-Chloro-5-iodo-7-[3',5'-O-(1'',1'',3'',3''-tetraisopropyl-disilox-
ane-1'',3''-diyl)-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl]-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine
[0555] To an ice-cold solution of the product from Example 6, Step
4 (0.90 g, 2.2 mmol) in pyridine (20 mL) was added TIPDSCl.sub.2
(0.7 mL, 2.2 mmol) and the resulting mixture was stirred overnight
at room temperature. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo. The
residue was co-evaporated with toluene (2.times.10 mL) and
partitioned between EtOAc (120 mL) and sat. aq. NaHCO.sub.3 (20
mL). Organic layer was washed with water, sat. brine and dried
(Na.sub.2SO.sub.4). The crude product was purified on a silica
column with hexanes/EtOAc (9/1) as the eluent to yield the target
compound (1.13 g, 79%) as off-white crisp foam.
[0556] .sup.1H NMR (Acetone-d.sub.6): .delta. 8.60 (s, 1H), 7.96
(s, 1H), 6.25 (d, 1H, J=1.2 Hz), 4.76-4.72 (m, 2H), 5.45 (m, 1H),
4.28-4.10 (m, 2H), 4.11 (m, 1H), 1.20-1.04 (m, 28H).
Step 2.
4-Chloro-5-iodo-7-[2'-O-methyl-3',5'-O-(1'',1'',3'',3''-tetraisopr-
opyl-disiloxane-1'',3''-diyl)-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl]-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyr-
imidine
[0557] To an ice-cold solution of the product from Step 1 (1.08 g,
1.64 mmol) in anhydrous DMF (20 mL) and MeI (308 .mu.L, 4.94 mmol)
was added NaH (80 mg, 2.0 mmol; 60% in mineral oil) under argon.
Reaction mixture was stirred at 0.degree. C. for 30 min and then
the reaction quenched with 1N NH.sub.4Cl (10 mL). The mixture was
extracted with CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 (100 mL) and organic layer washed
with water, sat. brine and dried (Na.sub.2SO.sub.4). Purification
on a silica gel column with hexanes/EtOAc (13/1) as the eluent
yielded 0.76 g (70%) of the target compound.
[0558] .sup.1H NMR (Acetone-d.sub.6): .delta. 8.62 (s, 1H), 7.94
(s, 1H), 6.27 (s, 1H), 4.71 (m, 1H), 4.29-4.09 (m, 4H), 3.69 (s,
3H), 1.19-1.06 (m, 28H).
Step 3.
7-(2'-O-Methyl-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-4-chloro-5-iodo-7H-pyrrolo[-
2,3-d]pyrimidine
[0559] Into an ice-cold solution of compound from Step 2 (0.64 g,
0.96 mmol) in THF (10 mL) was added TBAF (1.9 mL, 1.9 mmol; 1M in
THF) and the resulting mixture stirred at 0.degree. C. for 1 h.
Mixture was diluted with MeOH (5 mL) and concentrated in vacuo. The
evaporated residue was purified on a silica gel column with
CH2C12/MeOH (50/1) as the eluent to yield 410 mg (100%) of the
target compound.
[0560] .sup.1H NMR (Acetone-d.sub.6): .delta. 8.62 (s, 1H), 8.22
(s, 1H), 6.41 (d, 1H, J=5.6 Hz), 4.59-4.51 (m, 2H), 4.32 (m, 1H),
4.18 (d, 1H, J=5.3 Hz), 4.12 (m, 1H), 3.85 (m, 2H), 3.42 (s,
3H).
[0561] MS: m/z=426.7 (M+1)
Step 4.
7-(2'-O-Methyl-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-4-amino-5-iodo-7H-pyrrolo[2-
,3-d]pyrimidine
[0562] The nucleoside prepared as described above (410 mg, 0.96
mmol) and 1 mL of dioxane was treated with liquid ammonia at
100.degree. C. for 22 h in the high pressure metal reactor. After
evaporation of ammonia the residue was purified on silica gel with
CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2/MeOH (30/1) as the eluents to yield the target
compound as a white solid (310 mg, 80%).
[0563] .sup.1H NMR (CD.sub.3CN): .delta. 8.14 (s, 1H), 7.44 (s,
1H), 6.00 (br s, 2H), 5.94 (d, 1H, J=6.2 Hz), 5.00 (dd, 1H, J=9.1,
3.5 Hz), 4.41 (m, 1H), 4.09 (m, 1H), 3.78 (m, 1H), 3.67 (m, 1H),
3.33 (s, 3H).
Step 5.
[7-(2'-O-Methyl-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-4-amino-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]p-
yrimidin-5-yl]-propynoic acid ethyl ester
[0564] To a solution of the product from Step 4 (177 mg, 0.44 mmol)
in DMF (5 mL) were added CuI (17 mg, 0.09 mmol) and TEA (121 .mu.L,
0.88 mmol). The mixture was degassed with argon under sonication
for 2-3 minutes. Pd(PPh.sub.3).sub.4 (50 mg, 0.044 mmol) was added
then and the reaction mixture was heated at 55.degree. C. for 15
min. Ethyl propiolate (5.times.11 .mu.L, 0.54 mmol) was added to
the reaction mixture at 55.degree. C. in 30 minutes intervals.
After cooling down to room temperature the crude mixture was
concentrated and purified on silica gel with CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2/MeOH
(100/1, 75/1, 50/1) as the eluents to afford 88 mg (530/0) of the
target compound.
[0565] .sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6): .delta. 8.24 (s, 1H), 8.18 (s,
1H), 6.75 (br, 2H), 6.15 (d, 1H, J=5.9 Hz), 5.25-5.21 (m, 2H), 4.27
(m, 1H), 4.23 (q, 2H, J=7.0 Hz), 4.16 (m, 1H), 3.93 (m, 1H), 3.60
(m, 2H), 3.32 (s, 3H), 1.26 (t, 3H, J=7.0 Hz).
[0566] MS: m/z=377.7 (M+1)
Step 6.
[7-(2'-O-Methyl-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-4-amino-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]p-
yrimidin-5-yl]-acrylic acid ethyl ester
[0567] The nucleoside, prepared as described above (88 mg, 0.23
mmol) was treated with liquid ammonia at 75.degree. C. for 1.5 h in
the high pressure metal reactor. After evaporation of ammonia the
residue was purified on a silica gel column with
CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2/MeOH (40/1, 30/1, 20/1) as the eluents to yield
the target compound as off-white foam (68 mg, 74%).
[0568] .sup.1H NMR (CD.sub.3OD): .delta. 8.13 (s, 1H), 7.73 (s,
1H), 6.17 (d, 1H, J=5.9 Hz), 4.86 (s, 1H), 4.44 (dd, 1H, J=5.0, 3.2
Hz), 4.28 (m, 1H), 4.13 (q, 2H, J=7.1 Hz), 4.10 (m, 1H), 3.86 (dd,
1H, J=12.3, 2.6 Hz), 3.75 (dd, 1H, J=12.3, 2.9 Hz), 3.40 (s, 3H),
1.27 (t, 3H, J=7.2 Hz).
[0569] MS: m/z=394.7 (M+1)
Step 7.
9-Amino-2-(2-O-methyl-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-2,6-dihydro-7H-2,3,5-
,6-tetraazabenzo[cd]azulen-7-one (Compound 320)
[0570] A solution of the product from Step 6 (67 mg, 0.17 mmol) in
0.1M NaOMe (17 mL) was heated at reflux temperature for 2 hour then
concentrated in vacuo and purified on Phenomenex-C.sub.18 reverse
phase HPLC with a 0-40% B gradient over 30 min at 10 mL/min
(Solvent A=H.sub.2O, Solvent B=MeCN). The target compound was
isolated as a white solid in 24 mg (41%) yield.
[0571] .sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6): .delta. 10.07 (br s, 1H), 8.30
(s, 1H), 7.99 (s, 1H), 6.69 (br s, 1H), 6.17 (d, 1H, J=6.2 Hz),
5.31 (d, 1H, J=5.6 Hz), 5.05 (m, 2H), 4.27 (m, 1H), 4.08 (m, 1H),
3.94 (m, 1H), 3.59 (m, 2H), 3.30 (s, 3H).
[0572] MS m/z=348.7 (M+1).
Example 22
Preparation of
2-(2'-methyl-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-2,6,7,9-tetrahydro-2,3,5,6,7,9-hexaa-
za-benzo[cd]azulen-8-one (Compound 322)
Step 1.
5-tert-Butoxycarbonylamino-4-chloro-7-(2'-methyl-2',3',5'-tris-O-a-
cetyl-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine
[0573] To
4-Chloro-7-(2'-methyl-2',3',5'-tris-O-acetyl-.beta.-D-ribofurano-
syl)-5-nitro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine in DMF in a round bottom
flask. 1.2 eq. of di-tert-butyl dicarbonate and 0.1 eq. Pd/C (10%)
are added. Hydrogen in a balloon is attached to the flask and 1 is
hydrogenated until TLC indicates completion of reaction. The
reaction mixture is filtered to remove the catalyst and the
filtrate is evaporated. Column chromatography of the crude product
yields.
Step 2.
5-tert-Butoxycarbonylamino-4-hydrazino-7-(2'-methyl-2',3',5'-tris--
O-acetyl-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine
[0574] To the product from Step 2 in THF is added 5 eq. of
hydrazine. The reaction is warmed 50.degree. C. and stirred until
TLC indicates completion of reaction. Evaporation of the reaction
mixture followed by column chromatography purification yields a
mixture of deactylated products. Reactylation of the hydroxyl
groups with 10 eq. acetyl chloride in a 0.1M at room temperature
followed by evaporation and column chromatography yields the target
compound.
Step 3.
5-tert-Butoxycarbonyl-2-(2'-methyl-2',3',5'-tris-O-acetyl-.beta.-D-
-ribofuranosyl)-2,6,7,9-tetrahydro-2,3,5,6,7,9-hexaaza-benzo[cd]azulen-8-o-
ne
[0575] The product from Step 3 is stirred with 0.2 eq. of DMAP, 2
eq. of triethyl amine as a 0.1M solution in toluene. Triphosgene is
added gradually until TLC or LC-MS indicates consumption of
starting material. At this point the reaction mixture is separated
between water and ethyl acetate, and the aqueous layer is extracted
two more times with ethyl acetate. The organic fractions are
combined washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate and
evaporated. Subsequent purification via column chromatography
yields the target compound.
Step 4.
2-(2'-Methyl-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-2,6,7,9-tetrahydro-2,3,5,6,7,-
9-hexaaza-benzo[cd]azulen-8-one (Compound 322)
[0576] The product from Step 4 is dissolved in 50% TFA/methylene
chloride containing 2% anisole giving a 0.1M solution. Evaporation
of the reaction mixture followed by column chromatography yields
the partially deprotected product that is subsequently subjected to
a 1:1 mixture of methanol/concentrated aqueous ammonia and stirred
until complete TLC indicates complete deacetylation. Evaporation of
the reaction mixture and column chromatography yields the title
compound.
Example 23
Preparation of
2-(2'-methyl-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-2,9-dihydro-6H-2,3,5,6,9-pentaaza-be-
nzo[cd]azulene-7,8-dione (Compound 323)
Step 1.
4-Chloro-7-(2'-methyl-3',5'-bis-O-2,4-dichlorobenzyl-.beta.-D-ribo-
furanosyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine
[0577] 4-Chloro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine (10.0 g, 65.11 mmol)
(Toronto Research) was suspended in 1.3 liters of dry acetonitrile
and NaH (2.6 g, 65.11 mmol, 60% dispersion in oil) was added and
the mixture was stirred for 4 hours at ambient temperature under
argon. Meanwhile,
1-O-methyl-3,5-bis-O-(2,4-dichlorobenzyl)-2'-methyl-D-ribofuranoside
(12.8 g, 25.79 mmol) was dissolved in 284 mL of dry
dichloromethane, cooled down to 0.degree. C. and HBr (28 mL, 30%
w/w in AcOH) was added drop wise over 30 minutes. The reaction was
kept for 1 hour at 0.degree. C. and 3.0 hours more at ambient
temperature then evaporated. The mixture was 3 times co-evaporated
with dry toluene, dissolved in dry acetonitrile (200 mL) and added
to the sodium salt of the base. The reaction mixture was kept at
room temperature over night and evaporated to dryness. The residue
was taken up in ethyl acetate (500 mL) and washed with water
(3.times.100 mL). The organic fraction was dried over sodium
sulfate, evaporated, and the crude material was purified by flash
chromatography on silica gel (ethyl acetate/dichloromethane 5:100
v/v) to yield 10.0 g (63%) of protected nucleoside;
[0578] MS: 617.75 (M+1);
[0579] .sup.1H NMR (CDCl.sub.3): .delta. 8.64 (s, 1H), 7.68 (d, 1H,
J=3.6 Hz), 7.5-7.1 (m, 6H), 6.56 (d, 1H, 3.6 Hz), 6.4 (s, 1H),
4.8-4.5 (m, 4H), 4.3-3.65 (m, 4H), 0.93 (s, 3H).
Step 2.
4-Chloro-7-(2'-methyl-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyr-
imidine
[0580] To the solution of the product from Step 1 (10.0 g, 16.19
mmol) in dichloromethane (440 mL) at -78.degree. C. was added boron
trichloride (1M in dichloromethane) (157 mL, 157.0 mmol) dropwise
over 30 minutes. The mixture was stirred at -78.degree. C. for 2
hours then at -20.degree. C. overnight. The reaction was quenched
with dichloromethane/methanol 1:1 (420 mL) and neutralized at
0.degree. C. with aqueous ammonia. The solid was filtered, washed
with dichloromethane/methanol 1:1 and the combined extracts
evaporated in vacuo. The residue was purified on silica gel column
with dichloromethane/methanol (10:1 v/v) as eluent. Fractions
containing product were combined and concentrated to yield 4.1 g
(84%) of the deprotected nucleoside;
[0581] MS: 300.08 (M+1);
[0582] .sup.1H NMR (D.sub.2O): .delta. 8.32 (s, 1H), 7.57 (d, 1H,
J=3.6 Hz), 6.56 (d, 1H, J=3.6 Hz), 6.17 (s, 1H), 4.0-3.5 (m, 4H),
0.65 (s, 3H).
Step 3.
4-Amino-7-(2'-methyl-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyri-
midine
[0583] The product from Step 2 (1.1 g, 3.68 mmol) was placed in an
autoclave pressure bomb and liquid ammonia was added (10 mL) at
-78.degree. C. The vessel was sealed and heated to 85.degree. C.
for 24 hours. The vessel was cooled back to -78.degree. C., opened
and the ammonia was allowed to evaporate. The residue was taken up
in a small amount of methanol and plated onto a glass filter column
containing a small pad of silica gel. The methanol was allowed to
evaporate under vacuum and the product was eluded by ramping to 20%
methanol in dichloromethane to give 1.0 g (97%) of a light yellow
powder;
[0584] .sup.1H NMR (CD.sub.3OD): .delta. 8.06 (s, 1H), 7.48 (d, 1H,
J=3.6 Hz), 6.60 (d, 1H, J=3.6 Hz), 6.21 (s, 1H), 4.13-3.85 (m, 4H),
0.81 (s, 3H);
[0585] MS: 281.14 (M+1).
Step 4.
4-Amino-7-(2'-methyl-2',3',5'-tris-O-acetyl-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl-
)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine
[0586] To a solution of the product from Step 3 (1.10 g, 3.92 mmol)
in glacial acetic acid (8 mL) was added acetyl chloride (3 mL) and
the mixture stirred at room temp overnight. The reaction was
concentrated in vacuo and the residue was plated onto silica gel
column with dichloromethane and eluded by ramping to 5% methanol in
dichloromethane to give 1.5 g (94%);
[0587] MS 407.18 (M+1).
Step 5.
4-Amino-7-(2'-methyl-2',3',5'-tris-O-acetyl-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl-
)-5-nitro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine
[0588] A solution of the product from Step 4 (1.5 g, 3.69 mmol) in
dichloromethane (25 mL) was cooled to 0.degree. C. and a 1:1
mixture of fuming nitric acid and sulfuric acid (4 mL) was added
dropwise and the reaction was vigorously stirred at 0.degree. C.
for 20 min. The reaction was quenched with ice cold saturated
sodium bicarbonate solution. The quenched reaction was diluted with
water and extracted with dichloromethane. The organic layer was
dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. The residue
was purified by plating on silica gel with dichloromethane and
eluded by ramping to 5% methanol in dichloromethane to give 600 mg
(36%);
[0589] MS: 452.16 (M+1).
Step 6.
4-Amino-5-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-7-(2'-methyl-2',3',5'-tris-O-ac-
etyl-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine
[0590] To a solution of the compound from Step 5 (200 mg, 0.443
mmol) in DMF was added 10% Pd/C (100 mg) and di-tert-butyl
dicarbonate (384 mg, 1.761 mmol). The solution was purged with
H.sub.2 gas for 5 minutes then heated to 85.degree. C. for 4 hours
under 1 atmosphere of H.sub.2 via balloon. The catalyst was then
filtered and the mixture concentrated in vacuo. The crude mixture
was purified on Isco CombiFlash purification system with a 4 g
silica gel column and 0.1-5.0% MeOH gradient in DCM over 30 minutes
to afford 150 mg (65%).
Step 7.
9-tert-Butoxycarbonyl-2-(2'-methyl-2',3',5'-tris-O-acetyl-.beta.-D-
-ribofuranosyl)-2,9-dihydro-6H-2,3,5,6,9-pentaaza-benzo[cd]azulene-7,8-dio-
ne
[0591] To the product from Step 6 in anhydrous toluene (0.002M) is
added DMAP (5 eq), TEA (20 eq), molecular sieves and the solution
is cooled to 0.degree. C. To this mixture is added a solution of
oxalyl chloride (1.5 eq) in dry toluene (0.015M) dropwise under
vigorous stirring. The mixture is allowed to stir until
sufficiently complete as determined by TLC then the reaction is
quenched with methanol and concentrated in vacuo. The product is
purified on Isco CombiFlash purification system to afford the
target compound.
Step 8.
2-(2'-Methyl-2',3',5'-tris-O-acetyl-.beta.-D-ribofaranosyl)-2,9-di-
hydro-6H-2,3,5,6,9-pentaaza-benzo[cd]azulene-7,8-dione
[0592] The product from Step 7 in DCM is cooled to 0.degree. C.,
and TFA is added to the vigorously stirred mixture. The mixture is
allowed to stir until product is sufficiently deboc'd as determined
by TLC. The crude material is concentrated in vacuo and purified by
flash chromatography to give the target compound.
Step 9.
2-(2'-Methyl-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-2,9-dihydro-6H-2,3,5,6,9-pent-
aaza-benzo[cd]azulene-7,8-dione (Compound 323)
[0593] To the product from Step 8 is added 7N NH.sub.3 in MeOH and
the mixture is stirred at ambient temperature until deacetylation
is sufficiently complete as determined by TLC. The mixture is
concentrated in vacuo and the crude material is taken up and
purified by Phenomenex-C.sub.18 reverse phase HPLC (Buffer
A=H.sub.2O, Buffer B=acetonitrile) to afford the title
compound.
Example 24
Preparation of
9-cyano-2-(2'-methyl-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-2,6-dihydro-2,3,5,6-tetraaza-
-benzo[cd]azulen-7-one (Compound 324)
[0594] To a solution of the title product from Example 19 in DMF is
added CuCN/Bu.sub.4NCN and the mixture is stirred at 65.degree. C.
overnight to form the title compound.
Example 25
Preparation of
9-amino-8-fluoro-2-(2'-methyl-1-D-ribofaranosyl)-2,6-dihydro-2,3,5,6-tetr-
aaza-benzo[cd]azulen-7-one (Compound 325)
[0595] The product from Example 34 is mixed with liquid ammonia at
-78.degree. C. in Parr Bomb. The sealed bomb is heated to
85.degree. C. for overnight. The reaction is cooled and ammonia is
evaporated. The crude product is purified by HPLC to yield the
title compound.
Example 27
Preparation of
9-amino-2-(2'-methyl-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-2,6-dihydro-2,3,5,6-tetraaza-
-benzo[cd]azulene-7-thione (Compound 327)
Step 1.
9-Amino-2-(2'-methyl-2',3',5'-tris-O-acetyl-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl-
)-2,6-dihydro-2,3,5,6-tetraaza-benzo[cd]azulene-7-one
[0596] To a mixture of the product from Example 14 (100 mg, 0.28
mmol) in acetyl chloride/glacial acetic acid (3 mL, 1:2, v/v) is
stirred at room temperature until disappearance of the starting
nucleoside, as judged by TLC. The mixture is evaporated in vacuo to
dryness and purified on silica gel column.
Step 2.
9-Amino-2-(2'-methyl-2',3',5'-tris-O-acetyl-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl-
)-2,6-dihydro-2,3,5,6-tetraaza-benzo[cd]azulene-7-thione
[0597] To a solution of the compound from Step 1 (75 mg, 0.16 mmol)
in dioxane (2 mL) is added pyridine (2.5 mL) followed by phosphorus
pentasulfide (2 equiv). The reaction mixture is heated at reflux
for 24 h. The solvent is evaporated then and the residue washed
with pyridine. The combined washings are evaporated and the residue
is dissolved in CHCl.sub.3 and washed with 10% aq. NaHCO.sub.3 and
water and dried (Na.sub.2SO.sub.4). The evaporated residue is used
as such for the next step.
Step 3.
9-Amino-2-(2'-methyl-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-2,6-dihydro-2,3,5,6-t-
etraaza-benzo[cd]azulene-7-thione (Compound 327)
[0598] To a suspension of the compound from the Step 2 (50 mg, 0.1
mmol) in EtOH (2 mL) is added 1N aq. NaOH (0.1 mL). The reaction
mixture is stirred at room temperature for 1 h. At this point the
pH is brought to 7 with acetic acid and the solvent is evaporated
in vacuo. The residue is purified by RP HPLC to yield the tile
product.
Example 29
Preparation of
9-carbamoyl-2-(2'-methyl-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-2,6-dihydro-2,3,5,6-tetr-
aaza-benzo[cd]azulen-7-one (Compound 329)
[0599] To the compound from Example 24 is added a NH.sub.4OH and
H.sub.2O.sub.2 in alcoholic solution to yield the titled
compound.
Example 32
Preparation of
2-(2'-methyl-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-6,7-Dihydro-2,3,5,6,7-pentaaza-benzo-
[cd]azulene (Compound 332)
Step 1.
4-Hydrazino-5-iodo-7-(2'-methyl-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-7H-pyrrolo-
[2,3-d]pyrimidine
[0600] The compound of Example 1, Step 3 is dissolved in methanol
to form a 0.1M solution. This solution is heated to 50.degree. C.
Hydrazine (5 eq.) is added. The reaction is monitored via TLC. Upon
completion the reaction mixture is evaporated and separated via
column chromatography to give the target compound.
Step 2.
5-Formyl-4-hydrazino-7-(2'-methyl-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-7H-pyrro-
lo[2,3-d]pyrimidine
[0601] The compound from Step 1 is dissolved as a 0.1M solution in
THF and 0.2 eq. of tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) palladium (0) are
added. While bubbling carbon monoxide gas into the solution, 1 eq.
of tributyltin hydride is added over the period of 6 hours. The
reaction is then evaporated and subjected to silica gel
chromatography, to give the target compound.
Step 3.
4-Hydrazino-5-methoxyvinyl-7-(2'-methyl-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-7H-
-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine
[0602] To a solution of THF at 0.degree. C., diisopropyl ethyl
amine (10 eq.), and n-butyl-lithium (10 eq.), is
(Ph.sub.3P)ClCH.sub.2OCH.sub.3 (10 eq.). After stirring this
mixture at room temperature for 1.5 hours, one cools to -78.degree.
C. and adds the compound from Step 2. After stirring at -78.degree.
C. overnight one warms to room temperature, separates the reaction
mixture between water and chloroform, extracts the aqueous layer
two more times with chloroform, and combines the organic layers.
They are dried over sodium sulfate, evaporated and purified via
column chromatography to give the target compound.
Step 4.
[4-Hydrazino-7-(2'-methyl-.beta.-D-ribofaranosyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d-
]pyrimidin-5-yl]-acetaldehyde
[0603] The compound from Step 3 is stirred in an 80% TFA/methylene
chloride solution until TLC indicates complete hydrolysis. Toluene
is added and the solution is evaporated. Column chromatography
yields the target compound.
Step 5.
2-(2'-Methyl-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-6,7-Dihydro-2,3,5,6,7-pentaaz-
a-benzo[cd]azulene (Compound 332)
[0604] A round bottom flask equipped with a Dean-Stark trap and a
reflux condenser is charged with the compound from Step 4 and
toluene. A catalytic amount of toluene sulfonic acid is added. The
mixture is then refluxed overnight. Upon cooling the reaction
mixture is evaporated and then separated via column chromatography
and heated until isomerization yields the title compound.
Example 33
Preparation of
2-(2'-methyl-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-6,7-Dihydro-2,3,5,6,7,9-hexaaza-benz-
o[cd]azulene (Compound 333)
Step 1.
5-tert-Butoxycarbonyl-2-(2'-methyl-2',3',5'-tris-O-acetyl-.beta.-D-
-ribofuranosyl)-6,7-Dihydro-2,3,5,6,7,9-hexaaza-benzo[cd]azulene
[0605] To the product from Example 22, Step 3 is added 0.2 eq. of
DMAP, 2 eq. of triethyl amine as a 0.1M solution in toluene.
Trimethylorthoformate is added gradually until TLC or LC-MS
indicates consumption of starting material. At this point the
reaction mixture is separated between water and ethyl acetate, and
the aqueous layer is extracted two more times with ethyl acetate.
The organic fractions are combined washed with brine, dried over
sodium sulfate and evaporated. Subsequent purification via column
chromatography yields the target compound.
Step 2.
2-(2'-Methyl-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-6,7-Dihydro-2,3,5,6,7,9-hexaa-
za-benzo[cd]azulene (Compound 333)
[0606] To a solution of Step 1 is dissolved in 50% TFA/methylene
chloride containing 2% anisole giving a 0.1M solution. Evaporation
of the reaction mixture followed by column chromatography yields
the partially deprotected product that is subsequently subjected to
a 1:1 mixture of methanol/concentrated aqueous ammonia and stirred
until complete TLC indicates complete deacetylation. Evaporation of
the reaction mixture and column chromatography yields the title
compound.
Example 34
Preparation of
8-fluoro-2-(2'-methyl-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-2,6-dihydro-2,3,5,6,-tetraa-
za-benzo[cd]azulene-7,9-dione (Compound 334)
[0607] To the title compound of Example 35 in acetonitrile (3 mL)
is added 1.5 equivalence of Selectfluor
(1-chloromethyl-4-fluoro-1,4-diazoniabicyclo[2.2.2]octane
bis-tetrafluoroborate). The reaction is stirred at RT for overnight
and monitored by LC-MS until sufficiently complete. The reaction
then is then concentrated and the crude product is purified by HPLC
to give the title compound.
Example 35
Preparation of
2-(2'-methyl-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-2,6-dihydro-2,3,5,6,-tetraaza-benzo[-
cd]azulen-7,9-dione (Compound 335)
Step 1.
3-[4-Amino-7-(2'-methyl-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]p-
yrimidin-5-yl]-3-oxo-propionic acid ethyl ester
[0608] To the product from Example 1, Step 5 (150 mg, 0.399 mmol)
in 70% aqueous MeOH (15 mL) was added H.sub.2SO.sub.4 (51.9 .mu.l)
and H.sub.2SO.sub.4 (29.5 mg, 0.100 mmol) and the mixture was
heated to 55.degree. C. for 4 hours. The mixture was then
concentrated and purified on Phenomenex-C.sub.18 reverse phase HPLC
with a 0-60% B gradient over 20 min at 10 mL/min (Buffer
A=H.sub.2O, Buffer B=acetonitrile) to afford 50 mg (32%) of the
title compound.
[0609] .sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6): .delta. 8.75 (s, 1H), 8.16 (s,
1H), 7.94 (br s, 1H), 7.53 (br s, 1H), 6.13 (s, 1H), 5.36 (dd, 1H,
J=5.1 Hz), 5.30 (s, 1H), 5.16 (d, 1H, 6.6 Hz), 4.11 (q, 2H, J=7.2
Hz), 4.05-3.85 (m, 3H), 3.75-3.65 (m, 1H), 1.20 (t, 3H, J=6.9 Hz),
0.751 (s, 3H).
[0610] MS (M+1): 395.1
Step 2.
2-(2'-methyl-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-2,6-dihydro-2,3,5,6,-tetraaza-
-benzo[cd]azulen-7,9-dione (Compound 335)
[0611] To the product from Step 1 (25 mg, 0.0635 mmol) in EtOH
(12.5 mL) was added NaOEt (21 wt. %) solution in ethanol (440
.mu.l, 1.18 mmol) and the mixture was heated to 85.degree. C. for 4
hours. The mixture was neutralized with glacial acetic acid,
concentrated in vacuo and purified on Phenomenex-C.sub.1-8 reverse
phase HPLC with a 0-40% B gradient over 30 min at 10 mL/min (Buffer
A=H.sub.2O, Buffer B=acetonitrile) to afford 10 mg (45%) of the
title compound.
[0612] .sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6): [mixture of keto-enol tautomers]
Enol-.delta. 11.38 (s, 1H), 10.45 (s, 1H), 8.72 (s, 1H), 8.64 (s,
1H), 6.23 (s, 1H), 5.45-5.15 (m, 3H), 5.29 (s, 1H), 4.02-3.60 (m,
4H), 0.74 (s, 3H); Keto-.delta. 11.08 (s, 1H), 8.34 (s, 1H), 8.06
(s, 1H), 6.13 (s, 1H), 5.45-5.15 (m, 3H), 4.09 (s, 2H), 4.02-3.60
(m, 4H), 0.71 (s, 3H).
[0613] MS (M+1): 349.0
Example 40
General Procedure for Preparing Triphosphates
[0614] To a solution of nucleoside (0.05 mmol) in trimethyl
phosphate (0.5 mL) under argon was added 4 Angstrom molecular
sieves. The mixture was stirred overnight at room temperature and
then cooled to 0.degree. C. Phosphorus oxychloride (0.1 mmol) was
added and the resulting mixture was stirred at 0.degree. C. for 1
h. Then tributylamine (0.15 mmol), acetonitrile (0.1 mL), and
tributylammonium pyrophosphate (0.2 mmol) were added and the
mixture was stirred for an additional 30 min at 0.degree. C. The
reaction was quenched by addition of TEAB (tetraethylammonium
bicarbonate) buffer (1M, 1 mL) and diluted with water (4 mL). The
mixture was purified by ion exchange HPLC and desalted by RP-HPLC.
Mass and purity was confirmed by MS and .sup.1H and
.sup.31P-NMR.
BIOLOGICAL EXAMPLES
Example 1
Anti-Hepatitis C Activity
[0615] Compounds can exhibit anti-hepatitis C activity by
inhibiting HCV polymerase, by inhibiting other enzymes needed in
the replication cycle, or by other pathways. A number of assays
have been published to assess these activities. A general method
that assesses the gross increase of HCV virus in culture was
disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,738,985 to Miles et al. In vitro
assays have been reported in Ferrari et al. J. of Vir.,
73:1649-1654, 1999; Ishii et al., Hepatology, 29:1227-1235, 1999;
Lohmann et al., J. Bio. Chem., 274:10807-10815, 1999; and Yamashita
et al., J. of Bio. Chem., 273:15479-15486, 1998.
[0616] WO 97/12033, filed on Sep. 27, 1996, by Emory University,
listing C. Hagedorn and A. Reinoldus as inventors, which claims
priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No.
60/004,383, filed on September 1995, described an HCV polymerase
assay that can be used to evaluate the activity of the of the
compounds described herein. Another HCV polymerase assay has been
reported by Bartholomeusz, et al., Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) RNA
polymerase assay using cloned HCV non-structural proteins;
Antiviral Therapy 1996:1 (Supp 4) 18-24.
[0617] Screens that measure reductions in kinase activity from HCV
drugs were disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,030,785, to Katze et al.,
U.S. Pat. No. 6,228,576, Delvecchio, and U.S. Pat. No. 5,759,795 to
Jubin et al. Screens that measure the protease inhibiting activity
of proposed HCV drugs were disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,861,267 to
Su et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,739,002 to De Francesco et al., and U.S.
Pat. No. 5,597,691 to Houghton et al.
Example 2
Replicon Assay
[0618] A cell line, ET (Huh-lucubineo-ET) was used for screening of
compounds for inhibiting HCV RNA dependent RNA polymerase. The ET
cell line was stably transfected with RNA transcripts harboring a
1.sub.389luc-ubi-neo/NS3-3'/ET; replicon with firefly
luciferase-ubiquitin-neomycin phosphotransferase fusion protein and
EMCV-IRES driven NS3-5B polyprotein containing the cell culture
adaptive mutations (E1202G; T12801; K1846T) (Krieger at al, 2001
and unpublished). The ET cells were grown in DMEM, supplemented
with 10% fetal calf serum, 2 mM Glutamine, Penicillin (100
IU/mL)/Streptomycin (100 .mu.g/mL), 1.times. nonessential amino
acids, and 250 .mu.g/mL G418 ("Geneticin"). They were all available
through Life Technologies (Bethesda, Md.). The cells were plated at
0.5-1.0.times.10.sup.4 cells/well in the 96 well plates and
incubated for 24 hrs before adding test compound. The compounds
were added to the cells to achieve a final concentration of 0.11 nM
to 50 .mu.m and a final DMSO concentration of 0.5%. Luciferase
activity was measured 48-72 hours later by adding a lysis buffer
and the substrate (Catalog number Glo-lysis buffer E2661 and
Bright-Glo luciferase system E2620 Promega, Madison, Wis.). Cells
should not be too confluent during the assay. Percent inhibition of
replication data was plotted relative to no compound control. Under
the same condition, cytotoxicity of the compounds was determined
using cell proliferation reagent, WST-1(Roche, Germany). The
compounds showing antiviral activities, but no significant
cytotoxicities were chosen to determine IC.sub.50 and TC.sub.50.
For these determinations, a 10 point, 2-fold serial dilution for
each compound was used, which spans a concentration range of 1000
fold. IC.sub.50 and TC.sub.50 values were calculated by fitting %
inhibition at each concentration to the following equation:
% inhibition=100%/[(IC50/[I]).sup.b+1]
where b is Hill's coefficient.
[0619] The % inhibition at a particular concentration was
determined using the following equation:
% Inhibition=100-[100*(Lum with inhibitor-bg)/(Lum with no
inhibitor-bg)]
where bg was the background with no replicon cell, and Lum was the
luminescence intensity of the reporter luciferase gene.
[0620] In this assay, when tested at different concentrations in
the range of 0.1-50 .mu.M, compounds 306, 307, 308, 310, 311, 313,
314, 316, 317, 318, and 320 exhibited percent inhibitions that
ranged from 8% to 97%.
Example 3
Cloning and Expression of Recombinant HCV-NS5b
[0621] The coding sequence of NS5b protein was cloned by PCR from
pFKI.sub.389luc/NS3-3'/ET as described by Lohmann, V., et al.
(1999) Science 285, 110-113 using the primers shown on page 266 of
WO 2005/012288.
[0622] The cloned fragment was missing the C terminus 21 amino acid
residues. The cloned fragment was inserted into an IPTG-inducible
expression plasmid that provides an epitope tag (His)6 at the
carboxy terminus of the protein.
[0623] The recombinant enzyme was expressed in XL-1 cells and after
induction of expression, the protein was purified using affinity
chromatography on a nickel-NTA column. Storage condition was 10 mM
Tris-HCl pH 7.5, 50 mM NaCl, 0.1 mM EDTA, 1 mM DTT, 20% glycerol at
-20.degree. C.
Example 4
HCV-NS5b Enzyme Assay
[0624] The polymerase activity was assayed by measuring
incorporation of radiolabeled UTP into a RNA product using a
biotinylated, heteropolymeric template, which includes a portion of
the HCV genome. Typically, the assay mixture (34 .mu.L) contains 10
mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.5), 5 mM MgCl.sub.2, 0.2 mM EDTA, 10 mM KCl, 1
unit/.mu.L RNAsin, 1 mM DTT, 10 .mu.M each of NTP, including
[.sup.3H]-UTP, and 10 ng/.mu.L biotinylated heteropolymeric
template. 20.times.test compound in 2 .mu.l's was then added as a
100% DMSO solution to achieve a final DMSO concentration of 5%. For
IC50 determination a 10-point dose response was used. The compounds
were serial diluted 2-fold thus covering a range of 1000 fold.
Typically for IC50's, compounds were tested starting at 50 .mu.M or
2 .mu.M depending on the potency. Reactions were started with
addition of 10.times.NS5B in 4 .mu.l's and allowed to incubate at
37.degree. C. for 2 hours. Reactions were quenched with 8 .mu.L of
100 mM EDTA and reaction mixtures (30 .mu.L) were transferred to
streptavidin-coated scintillation proximity microtiter plates
(FlashPlates) and incubated at 4.degree. C. overnight.
Incorporation of radioactivity was determined by scintillation
counting (cpm). The % Inhibition at a particular concentration was
determined using the following equation,
% Inhibition=100-[100*(cpm with inhibitor-bg)/(cpm with no
inhibitor-bg)]
where bg was the background with no enzyme.
Formulation Examples
[0625] The following are representative pharmaceutical formulations
containing a compound of the present invention.
Example 1
Tablet Formulation
[0626] The following ingredients are mixed intimately and pressed
into single scored tablets.
TABLE-US-00002 Ingredient Quantity per tablet, mg Compound of the
invention 400 Cornstarch 50 Croscarmellose sodium 25 Lactose 120
Magnesium stearate 5
Example 2
Capsule Formulation
[0627] The following ingredients are mixed intimately and loaded
into a hard-shell gelatin capsule.
TABLE-US-00003 Ingredient Quantity per tablet, mg Compound of the
invention 200 Lactose, spray-dried 148 Magnesium stearate 2
Example 3
Suspension Formulation
[0628] The following ingredients are mixed to form a suspension for
oral administration (q.s.=sufficient amount).
TABLE-US-00004 Ingredient Amount Compound of the invention 1.0 g
Fumaric acid 0.5 g Sodium chloride 2.0 g Methyl paraben 0.15 g
Propyl paraben 0.05 g Granulated sugar 25.0 g Sorbitol (70%
solution) 13.0 g Veegum K (Vanderbilt Co.) 1.0 g flavoring 0.035 mL
colorings 0.5 mg distilled water q.s. to 100 mL
Example 4
Injectable Formulation
[0629] The following ingredients are mixed to form an injectable
formulation.
TABLE-US-00005 Ingredient Quantity per tablet, mg Compound of the
invention 0.2 mg-20 mg sodium acetate buffer solution, 0.4 M 2.0 mL
HCl (1N) or NaOH (1N) q.s. to suitable pH water (distilled,
sterile) q.s. to 20 mL
Example 5
Suppository Formulation
[0630] A suppository of total weight 2.5 g is prepared by mixing
the compound of the invention with Witepsol.RTM. H-15
(triglycerides of saturated vegetable fatty acid; Riches-Nelson,
Inc., New York), and has the following composition:
TABLE-US-00006 Ingredient Quantity per tablet, mg Compound of the
invention 500 mg Witepsol .RTM. H-15 balance
* * * * *