U.S. patent application number 12/454788 was filed with the patent office on 2009-10-08 for athletic shoe with visible arch bridge.
Invention is credited to David F. Meschan.
Application Number | 20090249647 12/454788 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 24162979 |
Filed Date | 2009-10-08 |
United States Patent
Application |
20090249647 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Meschan; David F. |
October 8, 2009 |
Athletic shoe with visible arch bridge
Abstract
An athletic shoe that in one embodiment includes an arch bridge
that is visible from beneath the shoe.
Inventors: |
Meschan; David F.;
(Greensboro, NC) |
Correspondence
Address: |
MARTIN & FERRARO, LLP
1557 LAKE O'PINES STREET, NE
HARTVILLE
OH
44632
US
|
Family ID: |
24162979 |
Appl. No.: |
12/454788 |
Filed: |
May 23, 2009 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
|
|
|
|
|
|
Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
11646770 |
Dec 28, 2006 |
7536809 |
|
|
12454788 |
|
|
|
|
11196578 |
Aug 3, 2005 |
7155843 |
|
|
11646770 |
|
|
|
|
10735343 |
Dec 11, 2003 |
7127835 |
|
|
11196578 |
|
|
|
|
09419641 |
Oct 18, 1999 |
6662471 |
|
|
10735343 |
|
|
|
|
09149142 |
Sep 8, 1998 |
5970628 |
|
|
09419641 |
|
|
|
|
08542251 |
Oct 12, 1995 |
5806210 |
|
|
09149142 |
|
|
|
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
36/91 ; 36/28;
36/35R |
Current CPC
Class: |
A43B 21/26 20130101;
A43B 21/42 20130101; A43B 21/28 20130101; A43B 21/37 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
36/91 ; 36/28;
36/35.R |
International
Class: |
A43B 7/14 20060101
A43B007/14; A43B 13/18 20060101 A43B013/18 |
Claims
1. A shoe comprising: a forward region, a heel region, and a
mid-foot region located between the forward region and the heel
region, a medial side, a lateral side, and a width between the
medial and lateral sides; an upper; a bottom surface, at least a
portion of which is ground-engaging; a plate, at least a portion of
the plate extending across a majority of the width of the shoe
between the upper and the bottom surface; a sidewall defining at
least in part an aperture that extends through the bottom surface
of the shoe beneath at least a portion of the plate, the aperture
having a vertical central axis that is generally centered along the
width of the shoe, the aperture allowing at least a portion of the
plate to be in air communication with the outside of the shoe
through the bottom surface of the shoe; and an arch bridge
comprising at least a portion of the mid-foot region, the arch
bridge being non-ground-engaging, in air communication with the
outside of the shoe, and at least in part visible from beneath the
shoe between a ground-engaging portion of the bottom surface in the
heel region and a ground-engaging portion of the bottom surface in
the forward region of the shoe, the arch bridge and the plate being
made of the same material, the ground-engaging portion of the
bottom surface including an outsole more resilient than the
material of the arch bridge.
2. The shoe of claim 1, wherein the arch bridge is made of a
durable plastic material.
3. The shoe of claim 1, wherein the portion of the plate in air
communication with the outside of the shoe through the bottom
surface of the shoe is at least in part visible from the outside of
the shoe through the bottom surface of the shoe.
4. The shoe of claim 1, wherein the bottom surface of the shoe in
the heel region is made of a rubber compound and has a forward
portion beveled toward the arch bridge.
5. The shoe of claim 1, wherein the aperture has a cross section
that is at least in part elliptical in a horizontal plane.
6. The shoe of claim 1, wherein the plate is at least in part
curved in a direction from the medial side of the shoe to the
lateral side of the shoe.
7. The shoe of claim 1, wherein the portion of the plate extending
across the majority of the width of the shoe has no holes
therein.
8. The shoe of claim 1, further comprising at least one opening on
at least one of the medial side of the shoe and the lateral side of
the shoe, the opening being in air communication with the
aperture.
9. The shoe of claim 8, wherein the plate has a lower surface that
is at least in part visible from the outside of the shoe through
the at least one opening on at least one of the medial side of the
shoe and the lateral side of the shoe.
10. The shoe of claim 9, wherein the portion of the plate in air
communication with the outside of the shoe through the bottom
surface of the shoe is at least in part visible from the outside of
the shoe through the bottom surface of the shoe.
11. The shoe of claim 1, the shoe including a rear sole below the
heel region of the upper, the rear sole having a forward portion, a
reward portion, a bottom surface with a perimeter and a center
located beneath the approximate center of the calcaneus of the
wearer of the shoe, the bottom surface of the rear sole having at
least two portions which are beveled in different directions away
from the center of the rear sole, each of the beveled portions
defining at least in part the perimeter of the rear sole.
12. The shoe of claim 11, wherein one of the at least two beveled
portions is located at least in part in the forward portion of the
rear sole and is oriented at least in part toward a front of the
shoe and one of the at least two beveled portions is located at
least in part in the rearward portion of the rear sole and is
oriented at least in part toward a rear of the shoe.
13. The shoe of claim 1, further comprising a bottom wall
integrally formed with the sidewall, the bottom wall having a
portion on the medial side of the shoe and a portion on the lateral
side of the shoe, the bottom wall being non-ground-engaging.
14. The shoe of claim 13, wherein the bottom wall is substantially
planer.
15. The shoe of claim 13, further comprising a curved wall
integrally formed with the bottom wall.
16. The shoe of claim 15, wherein the curved wall has at least one
opening therethrough.
17. The shoe of claim 1, wherein the vertical central axis of the
aperture extends through the heel region of the shoe.
18. The shoe of claim 1, wherein the arch bridge completely
separates the ground engaging portions of the bottom surface under
the forward and heel regions.
19. The shoe of claim 18, wherein the aperture has a lower
perimeter with a length greater than the minimum distance
separating the ground engaging portions of the bottom surface under
the forward and heel regions.
20. The shoe of claim 1, wherein the ground-engaging portion of the
bottom surface of the heel region has a length transverse to the
width of the shoe, the aperture having a lower perimeter with a
length greater than one-half the length of the ground-engaging
portion of the bottom surface of the heel region.
Description
[0001] The present application is a continuation of application
Ser. No. 11/646,770, filed Dec. 28, 2006, now U.S. Pat. No.
7,536,809; which is a continuation of application Ser. No.
11/196,578, filed Aug. 3, 2005, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,155,843; which
is a continuation of application Ser. No. 10/735,343, filed Dec.
11, 2003, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,127,835; which is a continuation of
application Ser. No. 09/419,641, filed Oct. 18, 1999, now U.S. Pat.
No. 6,662,471; which is a continuation of application Ser. No.
09/149,142, filed Sep. 8, 1998, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,970,628; which
is a continuation of application Ser. No. 08/542,251, filed Oct.
12, 1995, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,806,210; all of which are
incorporated herein by reference.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] 1. Field of the Invention
[0003] The present invention relates generally to multi-purpose
athletic shoes and, more particularly, to athletic shoes with
interchangeable/detachable rear soles that provide extended and
more versatile life and better performance in terms of cushioning
and spring.
[0004] 2. Description of the Prior Art
[0005] Athletic shoes, such as those designed for running, tennis,
basketball, cross-training, hiking, walking, and other forms of
exercise, typically include a laminated sole attached to a soft and
pliable upper. The sole usually includes an abrasion-resistant,
rubber outsole attached to a cushioning midsole usually made of
polyurethane, ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), or a rubber
compound.
[0006] One of the principal problems associated with athletic shoes
is wear to both the outsole and midsole. A user rarely has a choice
of running or playing surfaces, and asphalt and other abrasive
surfaces take a tremendous toll on the outsole. This problem is
exacerbated by the fact that, with the exception of the tennis
shoe, the most pronounced outsole wear for most users, on running
shoes in particular, occurs principally in two places: the outer
periphery of the heel and the ball of the foot, with heel wear
being, by far, a more acute problem because of the great force
placed on the heel during the gait cycle. In fact, the heel
typically wears out much faster than the rest of the athletic shoe,
thus requiring replacement of the entire shoe even though the bulk
of the shoe is still in satisfactory condition.
[0007] Midsole wear, on the other hand, results not from abrasive
forces, but from repeated compression of the resilient material
forming the midsole due to the large force exerted on it during
use, thereby causing it to lose its cushioning effect. Midsole
compression is also the worst in the heel area, particularly the
outer periphery of the heel directly above the outsole wear spot
and the area directly under the user's calcaneus or heel bone.
[0008] Despite higher prices and increased specialization, no one
has yet addressed heel wear problems in an effective way. To date,
there is nothing in the art to address the combined problems of
midsole compression and outsole wear in athletic shoes, and these
problems remain especially severe in the heel area of such
shoes.
[0009] Designs are known that specify the replacement of the entire
outsole of a shoe. Examples include those disclosed in U.S. Pat.
Nos. 4,745,693, 4,377,042 and 4,267,650. These concepts are
impractical for most applications, however, especially athletic
shoes, for several reasons. First, tight adherence between the sole
and the shoe is difficult to achieve, particularly around the
periphery of the sole. Second, replacement of the entire sole is
unnecessary based upon typical wear patterns in athletic shoes.
Third, replacing an entire sole is or would be more expensive than
replacing simply the worn elements, a factor which is compounded if
a replaceable, full-length sole for every men's and women's shoe
size is to be produced. Finally, it would appear that the heel
section, in particular, has entirely different needs and
requirements from the rest of the shoe sole which derive in
substantial part from its rate of deterioration.
[0010] Other designs, which are principally directed to shoes
having a relatively hard heel and outsole (e.g., dress shoes),
disclose rear soles that are detachable and which can be rotated
when a portion of the rear sole becomes worn. Such designs,
however, have never caught on in the marketplace because it is
simply too easy and relatively inexpensive to have the entire heel
on such footwear replaced at a commercial shoe repair shop.
[0011] It is difficult to adapt such "dress shoe" designs to
athletic shoes for various reasons. One reason is that the soft,
resilient materials utilized in athletic shoe soles make it
extremely difficult to devise a mechanism for detachably securing
heel elements to each other without adversely affecting the
cushioning and other desired properties of the shoe. On the other
hand, utilization of hard materials in athletic shoes tends to
increase weight and decrease comfort and performance.
[0012] For example, U.S. Pat. No. 1,439,758 to Redman discloses a
detachable rear sole that is secured to a heel of the shoe with a
center screw that penetrates the bottom of the rear sole and which
is screwed into the bottom of the heel of the shoe. Such a design
cannot be used in athletic shoes because the center screw would
detrimentally affect the cushioning properties of the resilient
midsole and may possibly be forced into the heel of the user when
the midsole is compressed during use. Furthermore, a center screw
does little for peripheral adherence of the sole to the shoe heel
in the case of resilient materials.
[0013] Another truism in the athletic shoe industry is that, while
cushioning has received a lot of attention, spring has received
very little, despite the fact that materials like graphite and
various forms of graphite composite possess the proper
characteristics for spring enhancement without increasing weight.
One reason may be the perceived tendency of graphite or graphite
composite to crack under stress. Yet another reason may be the
increased cost associated with such materials. Yet another reason
may be that the tremendous variation in body weight and spring
preference of would-be users makes it commercially unfeasible to
mass-market athletic shoes with graphite spring enhancement, given
the countless options that would have to be offered with each shoe
size. Since heel spring is largely ignored, it goes without saying
that spring options are also non-existent.
[0014] Also absent from the marketplace are truly multi-purpose
athletic shoes. Notwithstanding a few "run-walk," "aerobic-run,"
and all-court models, the unmistakable commercial trend appears to
be increased specialization, with no apparent industry awareness of
the fact that the use and function of an athletic shoe can be
changed dramatically if it is simply given interchangeable rear
soles. Similarly, no athletic shoe manufacturer has yet to offer
varying heel cushioning firmness in each shoe size, despite the
fact that consumer body weight for each shoe size spans a huge
spectrum. While a few manufacturers offer width options in shoe
sizes, varying firmness of cushioning in a single model or shoe
size is nonexistent in the marketplace.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0015] The present invention is directed to a shoe that
substantially obviates one or more of the needs or problems due to
limitations and disadvantages of the related art.
[0016] Additional features and advantages of the invention will be
set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be
apparent from the description, or may be learned by practice of the
invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention
will be realized and attained by the system particularly pointed
out in the written description and claims, as well as the appended
drawings.
[0017] To achieve these and other advantages and in accordance with
the purpose of the invention, as embodied and broadly described
herein, the shoe in one embodiment includes a forward region, a
heel region, a mid-foot region located between the forward region
and the heel region, a medial side, a lateral side, and a width
between the medial and lateral sides. The shoe also includes an
upper, a bottom surface, at least a portion of which is
ground-engaging, a plate with at least a portion extending across a
majority of the width of the shoe between the upper and the bottom
surface, and a sidewall defining at least in part an aperture that
extends through the bottom surface of the shoe beneath at least a
portion of the plate. The aperture has a vertical central axis that
is generally centered along the width of the shoe. The aperture
allows at least a portion of the plate to be in air communication
with the outside of the shoe through the bottom surface of the
shoe. The shoe further includes an arch bridge comprising at least
a portion of the mid-foot region. The arch bridge is
non-ground-engaging, in air communication with the outside of the
shoe, and at least in part visible from beneath the shoe between a
ground-engaging portion of the bottom surface in the heel region
and a ground-engaging portion of the bottom surface in the forward
region of the shoe. The arch bridge and the plate are made of the
same material.
[0018] It is to be understood that both the foregoing general
description and the following detailed description are exemplary
and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the invention, as
claimed.
[0019] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and
constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of
the invention and together with the description, serve to explain
the principles of the invention.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0020] FIG. 1 is a respective view of one embodiment of a shoe of
the present invention.
[0021] FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view of the heel structure
for the shoe own in FIG. 1.
[0022] FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a rear sole support for the
heel structure shown in FIG. 2.
[0023] FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing the underside of the
rear sole support shown in FIG. 3.
[0024] FIG. 5 is a perspective view of another embodiment of the
shoe of the present invention.
[0025] FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a rear sole support for the
shoe shown in FIG. 5.
[0026] FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing the underside of the
rear sole support shown in FIG. 6.
[0027] FIG. 8 is a side view of a rear sole for the heel structure
shown in FIG. 2.
[0028] FIG. 9 is a perspective view showing the underside of the
rear sole show FIG. 8.
[0029] FIGS. 10A-C are bottom views showing alternative
ground-engaging surfaces--for the rear sole shown in FIG. 8.
[0030] FIG. 11 is a side view of a mounting member for the heel
structure shown in FIG. 2.
[0031] FIG. 12 is a perspective view of a locking member for the
heel structure shown in FIG. 2.
[0032] FIG. 13 is a perspective view showing the opposite side of
the locking member shown in FIG. 12.
[0033] FIGS. 14A-C are top, perspective, and side views,
respectively, of a flexible plate for the heel structure shown in
FIG. 2.
[0034] FIGS. 15A-C are top, perspective, and side views,
respectively, of another embodiment of a flexible plate for use in
the heel structure shown in FIG. 2.
[0035] FIGS. 16A and 16B are top and side views, respectively, of
another embodiment of the flexible plate for use in the heel
structure shown in FIG. 2.
[0036] FIG. 17 is an exploded perspective view of another
embodiment of the heel structure of the present invention.
[0037] FIG. 18 is a perspective view of a mounting member for the
heel structure shown in FIG. 17.
[0038] FIGS. 19A and 19B are perspective views of a locking member
for the heel structure shown in FIG. 17.
[0039] FIG. 20 is an exploded perspective view of another
embodiment of the heel structure of the present invention.
[0040] FIG. 21 is an exploded perspective view of another
embodiment of the heel structure of the present invention.
[0041] FIG. 22 is a perspective view of several of the heel
components shown in FIG. 21.
[0042] FIGS. 23A-C are top, side, and bottom views, respectively,
of outsole segment for the heel structure shown in FIG. 21.
[0043] FIG. 24 is an exploded perspective view of another
embodiment of the heel structure of the present invention.
[0044] FIG. 25 is a perspective view of another embodiment of a
rear sole for use with the shoe of the present invention.
[0045] FIG. 26 is an exploded perspective view of another
embodiment of a heel structure of the present invention.
[0046] FIGS. 27A and 27B are side and front views, respectively, of
a wafer for use in the heel structure shown in FIG. 26.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
[0047] Reference will now be made in detail to the present
preferred embodiments of the invention, examples of which are
illustrated in the accompanying drawings. Wherever possible, the
same reference characters will be used throughout the drawings to
refer to the same or like parts.
[0048] FIG. 1 illustrates an embodiment of the shoe of the present
invention. The shoe, designated generally as 20, is an athletic
shoe principally designed for running, walking, basketball, tennis,
and other forms of exercise.
[0049] As shown in FIG. 1, shoe 20 includes an upper 22, which is
that portion of the shoe that covers the upper portion of the
user's foot. The upper may be made of leather, a synthetic
material, or any combination of materials well known in the
art.
[0050] A forward sole 24 is attached to the forefoot region of the
upper. The forward sole is a lightweight structure that provides
cushioning to the forefoot region, and may include an
abrasion-resistant rubber outsole laminated to a softer,
elastomeric midsole layer. The forward sole is attached to the
upper in a conventional manner, typically by injection molding,
stitching or gluing.
[0051] In some conventional shoes, the forward sole (simply
referred to in the industry as a "sole") would extend from the
forefoot region to the rear edge of the heel. In other conventional
models, portions of the outsole and/or midsole are reduced or
eliminated in certain non-stress areas, such as the arch area, to
reduce weight. However, in a radical departure from conventional
shoes, the shoe in an embodiment of the present invention
incorporates a heel structure, including a detachable rear sole,
that significantly alleviates heel wear problems associated with
conventional soles and provides enhanced cushioning and/or
spring.
[0052] An embodiment of the heel structure is shown in FIGS. 1 and
2 and includes a rear sole support 26 attached to the heel region
of the upper 22, a rear sole 28 detachably secured to the rear sole
support 26, a mounting member 60 for detachably securing the rear
sole 28 to the rear sole support 26, and locking members 90 for
preventing rotation of the rear sole 28 relative to the rear sole
support 26 during use. In addition, the heel structure may include
a flexible plate 80 for providing spring to the heel of the user
and reducing wear caused by midsole compression.
[0053] As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the rear sole support 26 includes
a substantially oval or elliptically-shaped base 30, with somewhat
flattened, medial and lateral sides, having a top surface that is
attached to the upper by stitching, gluing, or other conventional
means. The shape of such base is not limited, and could be
circular, polygonal, or any variation of the foregoing. A front
wall 32 extends downwardly from a front edge of the base 30, and a
rear wall 38 extends downwardly from a rear edge of the base 30.
Together, the front and rear walls define a recess that, as later
described, receives means for detachably securing the rear sole to
the rear sole support.
[0054] The front wall 32 includes a lip 34 turned toward the
recess, with lip 34 and the recess side of wall 32 defining an
arc-shaped front groove. The rear wall 38 includes a lip 40 turned
toward the recess, with lip 40 and the recess side of wall 38
defining an arc-shaped rear groove otherwise substantially
identical to and facing the front groove. The front and rear
grooves have the same radius of curvature and together may
constitute arcs of a common circle. At least one, and preferably
both, of the front and rear grooves disclosed in FIG. 4 (and all
drawings that disclose front and rear grooves), define a circular
arc that is less than 180.degree.. As shown in all of such
drawings, both of such circular arcs also may substantially
traverse the rear sole support 26 from its lateral to its medial
side. The front and rear grooves may also be shaped to define arcs
of a common circle having a diameter greater than the width of the
rear sole support 26 or mounting member 60 or rear sole 28 or even
the heel region of the upper 22. The front and rear walls may be
flush with the outer edge of base 30 and are spaced from each other
on the medial and lateral sides of the base by a distance X, as
shown in FIG. 4, which may be slightly greater than the width of
the rear sole support 26 or mounting member 60 or rear sole 28.
[0055] The rear sole support also has a central opening 36 directly
below the heel region of the upper. This central opening, which may
be circular, oval, or virtually any polygonal shape, allows the
heel of the user to be cushioned by the rear sole attached to the
rear sole support or by the flexible plate 80, instead of the firm
material comprising the rear sole support.
[0056] The rear sole support may be composed of hard plastic, such
as a durable plastic manufactured under the name PEBAX.TM.,
graphite, a graphite composite, or other material having sufficient
rigidity and strength to securely engage the rear sole attaching
mechanism (discussed below). Injection molding or other
conventional techniques may be used to form the rear sole
support.
[0057] The rear sole support 26 may also include a heel counter 44,
as shown in FIG. 3, for providing lateral stabilization to the
user's heel. The heel counter extends upwardly from the edge of the
base 30 in a contoured fashion and is preferably made of the same
material as, and integral with, the rear sole support through
injection molding or other conventional techniques.
[0058] As shown in FIGS. 1-4, an arch bridge 46 may generally
extend from the base 30 of the rear sole support to the forward
sole for supporting the arch region of the foot. The arch bridge 46
is an optional feature composed of a firm, lightweight material.
The arch bridge 46 is attached to the upper 22 and forward sole 24
by gluing or other conventional methods. The arch bridge 46 also
may be composed of the same material as the rear sole support or a
more flexible material and may be made integral with the rear sole
support. Such one-piece construction of the arch bridge together
with the rear sole support solves a major problem, and that is the
tendency of an athletic shoe of conventional "full body" arch
construction to curl or twist at the juncture of the hard rear sole
support and the resilient forward sole. It also reduces the weight
of the shoe by reducing or eliminating the midsole material, e.g.,
polyurethane or EVA, that would normally occupy the arch area of
the shoe.
[0059] The rear sole support, heel counter, and arch bridge need
not be made of a solid material. Holes or spaces may be created, at
the time of manufacture, throughout the structure to decrease
weight without diminishing strength.
[0060] As an alternative to the arch bridge 46, the rear sole
support 26 in all of the embodiments may include upper and lower
horizontal walls 144 and 145, as shown in FIGS. 5-7, extending
from, and preferably integrated with, front wall 32. In this
embodiment, the forward sole 24 extends into the arch region and is
sandwiched between upper and lower walls 144 and 145 and against
front wall 32. It may then be further secured by gluing. As a
further alternative, the rear portion of the forward sole may
simply extend to the rear sole support, without upper and lower
walls 144 and 145, and be glued to the front wall 32.
Alternatively, the rear sole support 26 could have one wall like
either 144 or 145 extending from and preferably integrated with it,
but not both walls; or posts, rods, or other members, substantially
parallel to the ground, could be substituted for walls and may
extend from and be integrated with front wall 32 into or along the
surface of the midsole or outsole material in the forward sole and
then secured by gluing. Other means may be employed as an
alternative to the arch bridge 46. An advantage to combining the
rear sole support with walls 144 and/or 145, or eliminating both of
such walls entirely, and all other alternatives to the integral
arch bridge, is that such options, unlike the integral arch bridge,
permit manufacture of only one rear sole support suitable for
either the left or right shoe, thus decreasing manufacturing
costs.
[0061] The heel structure shown in FIG. 2 also includes a rear sole
28 detachably secured to the rear sole support. As shown in FIGS. 8
and 9, rear sole 28 may include a ground-engaging outsole 48
laminated to a midsole 50, which may be more resilient than the
outsole, with both the outsole and midsole being more resilient
than the rear sole support. The outsole, which may be composed of a
rubber compound, provides abrasion resistance and some cushioning,
while the midsole, which may be composed of a more resilient,
elastomeric material such as polyurethane, ethylene vinyl acetate
(EVA), HYTREL.TM. (made by E.I. DuPont de Nemours & Co.), or
other materials well known in the art, primarily provides
cushioning to the heel during heel strike. Optionally, the rear
sole could be comprised of a single homogenous material, or any
number of layers or combinations of materials, including a material
comprising air encapsulating tubes disclosed, for example, in U.S.
Pat. No. 5,005,300.
[0062] The outsole 48 may be planar or non-planar. Preferably, the
outsole, particularly on running shoe models, includes one or more
tapered or beveled segments 52, as shown in FIG. 8, which when
located at the rear of the shoe will soften and/or align heel
strike during the gait cycle. The beveled segments 52 may be
located at the front and rear portions of the rear sole, as shown
in FIG. 10A, slightly offset from the front and rear portions, as
shown in FIGS. 10B and 10C, or at any other location, depending on
the preference of the user or any heel strike or wear pattern. The
beveled segments 52 may also be aligned on a "special order" basis
to deal with particular pronation or supination characteristics of
the user.
[0063] As shown in FIG. 9, rear sole 28 is elliptical or oval in
shape, with somewhat flattened medial and lateral sides, with its
length along the major axis of the shoe (when attached to the rear
sole support and ready for use) being greater than its lateral
width. As a result, the rear sole has a greater ground-engaging
surface than if it were circular or equilaterally polygonal. Such
increased ground-engaging surface provides greater stability,
particularly if multiple or large beveled segments are used.
However, the shape of the rear sole 28 may also be circular,
polygonal, or otherwise. Regardless of the shape of the rear sole
28, outsole 48 has an aggregate area having a substantially planar
surface and multiple beveled surfaces non-planar with the planar
surface. An aggregate area of the beveled surfaces is less than the
remaining aggregate area of outsole 48, as shown in FIGS. 2, 5, 8,
9, 10A-C, 17, 20, and 26, to provide a stable ground-engaging
surface for the wearer of the shoe. Rear sole 28 may or may not
feature a hole in its center as shown in FIG. 9, and
preferably--should not exist if flexible plate 80 (later discussed)
is not used.
[0064] Rear sole 28 is detachably secured to the rear sole support
26 with a mounting member 60. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 11, mounting
member 60 has a base layer 62 that is affixed to the top surface of
the rear sole 28 with adhesive or other conventional means that
will not degrade the cushioning/spring properties of the rear sole.
There is an engaging layer 64 above base layer 62 and notch layer
74A. Lateral sides 66 each contain protrusions 68 with bulbous
ends. Front and rear ends 70 of the engaging layer 64 include
circular arc-shaped rims 72 having substantially the same radius of
curvature as the front and rear grooves of the rear sole support
and engage the front and rear grooves of the rear sole support.
[0065] For the embodiments of the present invention relating to
detachable rear soles, to attach the rear sole to the rear sole
support, the rear sole, with the mounting member 60 attached (and,
optionally, with a flexible plate 80, discussed later, supported on
the mounting member 60), is positioned relative to the rear sole
support so that the front and rear rims of the mounting member are
rotated in a circular manner no more than about 90.degree., about
axis Y from their positions shown in FIG. 2. The mounting member is
centered between the front and rear grooves, then pressed against
the bottom of the base 30 and rotated less than 180.degree., and
generally no more than about 90.degree. (clockwise or
counterclockwise), so that rims 72 fully engage the front and rear
grooves of the rear sole support defined by lips 34 and 40 seen in
FIG. 4. When the rear portion of the rear sole becomes worn, the
rear sole can be rotated in a circular manner 1800 so that the worn
rear portion now faces toward the front of the shoe and occupies an
area somewhat forward of the calcaneus where little or no weight of
the user is applied. When the rotated rear portion of the rear sole
also becomes worn, the rear sole may be detached and exchanged with
the rear sole of the other shoe, since wear patterns of left and
right heels are typically opposite. The rear sole may also be
discarded and replaced with a new one with or without any rotation
or exchange between left and right shoe.
[0066] The mounting member 60 may be made of any number of hard,
lightweight materials that provide sufficient strength and rigidity
to firmly engage the rear sole support, and support the flexible
plate 80 if used. Examples of such materials include: hard plastic;
PEBAX.TM.; HYTREL.TM. in its hard format; graphite; and graphite,
graphite/fiberglass, and fiberglass composites. Hardness of the
mounting member may in fact be especially important if flexible
plate 80 is used, because the peripheral edges of such plate need
to press against a firm foundation if the central portion of such
plate is to properly deflect under the weight of the user's foot
and impart spring to the user's gait cycle. In any event, the
mounting plate material is generally stiffer than the materials
used for the rear sole midsole and outsole.
[0067] Base layer 62 may be entirely eliminated from the mounting
member 60 shown in FIG. 2, in which case the periphery of the top
surface of rear sole 28 presses tightly against lips 34 and 40 of
the rear sole support when engaged.
[0068] To prevent the rear sole from rotating relative to the rear
sole support once engaged with each other, locking members 90 lock
the mounting member to the rear sole support at the appropriate
orientation. As shown in FIGS. 12 and 13, locking member 90
includes a base 92 with a substantially planar inner surface 94 and
an outer surface 96 contoured according to the sides of the rear
sole support when attached thereto. A pair of L-shaped arms 98
extend from the base 92 (preferably from its top, e.g., from the
external surface of the heel counter) and engage opposed openings
42 (FIG. 2) in the rear sole support to pivotally attach the
locking member 90 to the rear sole support. Openings 42 may also be
formed in the heel region of the upper. When attached to the rear
sole support, the locking members occupy the spaces (having a
length X as shown in FIG. 4) between the front and rear walls of
the rear sole support, as shown in FIG. 1.
[0069] Apertures 100 are formed in the base 92 for receiving the
protrusions 68 of mounting member 60. The apertures have a small
opening adjacent surface 94, then expand in diameter within the
base to a larger opening near surface 96 to accommodate the bulbous
ends of the protrusions 68. As a result, the protrusions "snap"
into the apertures 100 to lock the locking members in position. In
addition, projections 102 extend inwardly from opposite ends of
base 92 and engage notches 74 in the mounting member between the
front and rear ends and the lateral sides (FIGS. 2 and 11) to
prevent rotation of the rear sole when the locking members are in
the position shown in FIG. 1.
[0070] For the embodiment of the present invention relating to
flexible plates, and as shown in FIG. 2, mounting member 60
includes slots 76 for supporting a flexible plate 80 between the
rear sole and the heel portion of the upper so that a portion of
plate 80 is exposed through central opening 36. The flexible plate,
which may be made of a graphite composite or other stiff, but
flexible, material, reduces heel-center midsole compression and
provides spring to the user. The flexible plate is, of course,
stiffer than the materials used for the outsole or midsole, but
must be sufficiently flexible so as to not detrimentally affect
cushioning of the user's heel. A graphite or graphite/fiberglass
composite, including carbon or carbon and graphite fibers woven in
an acrylic or resin base, such as those manufactured by
Biomechanical Composites Co. of Camarillo, Calif., may be used.
[0071] As shown in FIGS. 14A-C, flexible plate 80 includes front
and rear edges 82 and 84 that are supported by slots 76 (see FIG.
2) in the mounting member. The flexible plate may have a
substantially convex upper surface that curves upwardly between the
front and rear edges to an apex 86, which is preferably located
below the calcaneus of the user when the rear sole is attached to
the rear sole support. An aperture 88 may be provided at the apex
86 to increase spring.
[0072] The plate may also be flat or concave, and may be
substantially hour glass-shaped, as shown in FIGS. 14A-C, or
H-shaped, as is the plate 180 shown in FIGS. 15A-C. Other shapes
are also contemplated as long as such shapes provide spring and
reduce midsole compression of the rear sole. For example, FIGS. 16A
and B show another hour glass-shaped flexible plate 280 with
discrete upper and lower sections 282 and 284.
[0073] When the flexible plate is used, the rear sole may be devoid
of material in its center, as shown in FIG. 2, to reduce the weight
of the rear sole. If the center is devoid of material, a thin
horizontal membrane (not shown), with or without a flanged edge,
composed of plastic or other suitable material may be inserted into
the void and attached to the walls of the void, by compression fit
or otherwise, to seal the void and prevent moisture or debris from
entering or collecting therein.
[0074] Apex 86 is located, in FIGS. 14C and 15C, slightly to the
rear of the center of the major axis of plate 80, so as to be
positioned more directly beneath the center of the calcaneus. Thus,
it will be necessary to remove and rotate plate 80 by 180.degree.
on an axis perpendicular to the major axis of the shoe when the
rear sole is rotated, in order to keep the apex positioned directly
beneath the calcaneus. However, plate 80 may be formed with the
apex in any position to suit a user's preference. It may even be
placed in the exact center of plate 80 so as to obviate the need
for plate rotation when the rear sole is rotated.
[0075] Flexible plate 80 provides spring to the user's gait cycle
in the following manner. During heel strike in the gait cycle, the
user's heel provides a downward force against the plate. Since the
peripheral edges of the plate are firmly supported by the mounting
member, the interior portion of the plate deflects downwardly
relative to the peripheral edges. As the force is lessened (with
the user's weight being transferred to the other foot) the
deflected portion of the plate, due to its elastic characteristics,
will return to its original shape, thereby providing an upward
spring force to the user's heel. Such spring effect will also occur
whenever a force is otherwise applied to and then removed from the
flexible plate (e.g., jumping off one foot, or jumping from both
feet simultaneously).
[0076] The removability of the flexible plate allows the use of
several different types of flexible plates of varying stiffness or
composition. Thus, flexible plate designs and characteristics can
be adapted according to the weight of the user, the ability of the
user, the type of exercise or use involved, or the amount of spring
desired in the heel of the shoe. Removability also permits easy
replacement of the plate should deterioration occur, a concern in
the case of virtually any truly spring-enhancing plate
material.
[0077] The heel structure embodiment shown in FIG. 2 is but one of
many embodiments contemplated by the present invention. While
further embodiments are discussed below, additional embodiments are
possible and within the scope of the invention. Unless otherwise
noted, the structure, material composition, and characteristics of
the heel components shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 apply to all of the
embodiments.
[0078] One such embodiment is shown in FIGS. 17-19B. In this
embodiment, rear sole support 126 is substantially identical to
rear sole support 26 shown in FIG. 2 except that it has horizontal
grooves 128 on the exterior surfaces of each of the downwardly
extending walls and no holes 42. The mounting member 160 shown in
FIG. 17 is also identical to mounting member 60 shown in FIG. 2
except that protrusions 168 do not have bulbous ends.
[0079] Locking members 190 differ from those shown in FIG. 2 in
that the hinges are eliminated. Instead, the exterior surfaces of
each of the locking members 190 have a horizontal groove 192 that
aligns with the exterior grooves 128 formed on the rear sole
support. In addition, apertures 194 (FIG. 19A) are cylindrical in
shape and need not have expanded interior portions since the
protrusions 168 have no bulbous ends.
[0080] To lock the locking members in place, an elastic band 110 is
stretched and fitted within the grooves 128 on the rear sole
support and grooves 192 on the locking members. The elastic band
110 may be a separate component completely removable from the rear
sole support, as shown in FIG. 17, or permanently secured to the
rear sole support by, for example, enclosing one of the grooves 128
after the elastic band has been inserted therein. Also, the band
may be pushed or rolled upward above grooves 128 on the rear sole
support prior to detaching locking members 190, and then simply
rolled downward to return to an in-groove position following
reattachment. As a further option, the elastic band may be a
removable or permanently attached strap fitted within the grooves
and having opposing ends that may be latched together like a belt
or ski boot latch.
[0081] As a further alternative (not shown), a U-shaped connector
having opposite ends permanently attached to one end of both
locking members 90 may be removably or permanently secured to the
outer surface of either the front or rear wall of the rear sole
support, as a substitute for the system involving hinges 98 on
locking members 90. The elastic band and other alternatives to the
hinged locking member can be used in all of the embodiments of the
invention.
[0082] If a flexible plate is not desired, the embodiment shown in
FIG. 20 may be used to supply tore conventional midsole cushioning.
In this embodiment, the mounting member 260 is identical to the
mounting member 60 shown in FIG. 2 except that the base layer and
slots 76 are eliminated. It should again be noted that the base
layer 62 is an optional feature in all of the mounting member
embodiments. In place of the rear sole 28 shown in FIG. 2, a rear
sole 200 has an abrasion-resistant outsole 202 laminated to a
midsole layer 204. On top of this midsole layer 204 are two
additional midsole layers 206 and 208, each layer being smaller
than the layer upon which it rests, with midsole layer 208 sized to
fit within the central opening 36 in the rear sole support 26.
Midsole layers 206 and 208 may comprise two separate pieces
laminated together or a single piece molded or otherwise shaped to
have two regions as shown.
[0083] In this embodiment, the mounting member 260 is adhered by
gluing or other means to the top of the midsole layer 204 such that
it surrounds and abuts against the sides of midsole layer 206. It
may be further secured to the sides of midsole layer 206 by gluing
or other means. The manner of attaching the rear sole and mounting
member to the rear sole support is identical to that describe with
respect to the embodiment shown in FIG. 2. In addition, the top
midsole layer 208 may, but need not be, made circular to facilitate
rotation of the rear sole when the midsole layer 208 is pressed
into the central opening 36. Alternatively, this layer may be
severed from layer 206 and placed in opening 36 with the shoe in an
inverted position. This may make installation easier if layer 208
is oval in shape, like opening 36. It also permits replacement of
layer 208, should its cushioning properties deteriorate at a faster
rate than the rest of the rear sole. Of course, this step would be
accomplished before engagement of mounting member 260 with rear
sole support 26, which similarly could be accomplished while the
shoe is in an inverted position in order that layer 208 does not
fall out or dislodge during installation.
[0084] It should be noted that layers 204, 206, and 208 may be made
of different cushioning materials, including without limitation
air-filled chambers, gell-filled chambers, EVA or polyurethane, or
any combinations thereof.
[0085] The rear sole support is designed to accommodate a variety
of rear sole configurations, which vary according to the activity
involved, the weight of the user, and the cushioning and/or spring
desired by the user. Although additional rear sole configurations
are discussed below, many other rear sole configurations may be
used in conjunction with the rear sole support 26.
[0086] One such example is shown in FIGS. 21 and 22. In this
embodiment, a rear sole 300 is a U-shaped member having
substantially parallel walls 302 and 304 joined by a bend 305. The
member is composed of a stiff, but flexible, material that will
provide spring to the heel of the user without sacrificing comfort.
Materials such as those disclosed with respect to the flexible
plate 80 may be used for the rear sole 300.
[0087] Two layers of resilient midsole material 206 and 208, which
may be more resilient than the U-shaped member, are secured to the
top of wall 302 by gluing or other means to provide cushioning to
the heel of the user, and mounting member 260 is glued or otherwise
attached to the top surface of top wall 302 to surround and abut
against the sidewall of midsole layer 206. It may also be attached
to the side wall of layer 206 by gluing or other means. The
mounting member may also be molded to the rear sole 300 as a
one-piece structure. The midsole layers 206 and 208, the mounting
member 260, and the rear sole support 26 (as well as optional
features) are identical to those shown in FIG. 20, and the manner
and options for attaching the rear sole and mounting member to the
rear sole support is the same, including without limitation the
option of severing and separately installing layer 208.
[0088] To protect the bottom ground-engaging surface of the
U-shaped member and to provide cushioning, the rear sole may
include an abrasion-resistant outsole which may be more resilient
than the U-shaped member. As shown in FIG. 21, the bottom wall 304
of the rear sole 300 includes holes 306 through which removable
outsole segments 308 are inserted. The outsole segments 308, which
may be made of a rubber compound or other material typically used
for outsole material, provide an abrasion-resistant layer for
protecting the bottom surface of wall 304. As shown in FIGS. 23A-C,
the outsole segments have a substantially conically-shaped top
portion 316, a cylindrical middle portion 318, and a rounded
ground-engaging portion 320. The conically-shaped portion 316 snaps
into openings 306, and the bottom of the conically-shaped portion
acts to retain the outsole segments in the openings. Alternatively,
a one-piece outsole layer may be attached to the bottom surface of
wall 304, utilizing openings 306 and segments 308, or eliminating
both and utilizing gluing or some other means instead. Such outsole
layer may then be permanent or removable.
[0089] The rear sole 300 provides spring to the heel of the user in
the following manner. When the heel of the user strikes the ground,
wall 304 will deflect toward wall 302. Since the material is
elastic, energy stored in bend 305 and wall 304 during deflection
will spring bend 305 and wall 304 back to their original position
as weight is shifted, thereby providing a spring effect to the
user's heel. Stiffening members 312 or 312A are optional elements
that may be used to increase the spring generated by the rear sole
300. The stiffening members include protrusions 314 that engage
apertures 310 in the bend of the rear sole 300. Alternatively,
bottom wall 304 (shown with large hole in middle) may be solid to
increase spring or may be tent-shaped as shown in FIG. 25 to
further increase spring, with or without a stiffening member
412.
[0090] Flexible plate 80 may also be used in conjunction with a
rear sole very similar to that shown in FIG. 21. As shown in FIG.
24, rear sole 400 is identical to rear sole 300 shown in FIG. 21
except that it has an optional opening in the top wall to reduce
the weight of the rear sole and allow additional space within which
flexible plate 80 may flex. Alternatively, the bottom wall may be
solid to increase spring or may be tent-shaped as shown in FIG. 25
to further increase spring, with or without a stiffening member
412. Mounting member 360 is similar to that shown in FIG. 2 except
that the base 62 is deleted. Again, flexible plate 80 rests in
slots 376 formed in the mounting member and is exposed to the heel
region of the upper via the central opening 36 in the rear sole
support 26.
[0091] Another rear sole option is shown in FIG. 25. In this
embodiment, rear sole 500 is identical to rear sole 400 shown in
FIG. 24 except that it has a "tent-like" wall 506 extending from
the bottom wall 504 toward top wall 502. Wall 506 may have a top
surface 508, or may be devoid of material at this location. Wall
506 has the effect of increasing stiffness and, therefore, provides
more spring than that of the rear sole 400 as shown. A stiffening
member 412 may also be used to further increase spring. Stiffening
member 412 is identical to member 312 shown in FIG. 24 except that
it has a slanted wall 413 to complement and press against the front
sloped surface of wall 506. Top wall 502 may have a central
opening, as shown in FIG. 25, or may be solid, such as wall 302
shown in FIG. 21. Wall 506 may be used in any of the U-shaped rear
sole embodiments.
[0092] Finally, an optional wafer 600, usable in combination with
any of the above embodiments incorporating a flexible plate, is
disclosed in FIGS. 26-27B. As shown in FIG. 26, wafer 600 is
disclosed in conjunction with the heel structure shown in FIG. 2.
Wafer 600 is placed on the top surface of flexible plate 380 so
that it is exposed to the heel region of the upper (not shown) via
central opening 36 of rear sole support 26. Wafer 600 is made of
any suitable materials, such as those materials disclosed for the
midsole layer or outsole layer of rear sole 28, that provide
cushioning to the heel of the user and which are more resilient
than the flexible plate.
[0093] As shown in FIGS. 27A and 27B, wafer 600 includes knobs 602
and 604 that snap engage with corresponding openings 382 and 384
(see FIG. 26) in flexible plate 380. Although two knobs are shown
in this embodiment, any number of knobs may be used; in fact, the
knobs may be eliminated entirely.
[0094] As shown in FIG. 26, wafer 600 is oval in shape, although
any shape is contemplated so long as it provides the desired
cushioning to the heel of the user. If desired, the bottom surface
608 of wafer 600 may be concave in order to conform with the curved
top surface of flexible plate 380. The top surface 606 of wafer 600
may also be concave in order to conform with the contours of the
heel region of the upper or the user's heel.
[0095] The wafer need not be attached to the flexible plate 380.
Instead, the wafer may, for example, be permanently attached to the
bottom of the upper, secured within or made integral with a shoe
sock liner (not shown), secured to the rear sole support, or
attached at any other location that would be capable of cushioning
the user's heel.
[0096] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various
modifications and variations can be made in the shoe of the present
invention without departing from the scope or spirit of the
invention and that certain features of one embodiment may be used
interchangeably in other embodiments. By way of example only, the
rear sole support/locking member combinations shown in FIGS. 2 and
17 can be used in conjunction with any of the above-described rear
sole configurations, and can be used with or without the flexible
plate. Similarly, the arch bridge shown in FIGS. 1-4, upper and
lower horizontal walls shown in FIGS. 5-7 and other alternatives to
the arch bridge discussed herein may be employed with any
embodiment shown. Thus, it is intended that the present invention
cover all possible combinations of the features shown in the
different embodiments, as well as modifications and variations of
this invention, provided they come within the scope of the claims
and their equivalents.
* * * * *