U.S. patent application number 12/278519 was filed with the patent office on 2009-09-24 for therapy device and system and method for reducing harmful exposure to electromagnetic radiation.
This patent application is currently assigned to PHAROS LIFE CORPORATION. Invention is credited to John Kennedy.
Application Number | 20090240310 12/278519 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 38335032 |
Filed Date | 2009-09-24 |
United States Patent
Application |
20090240310 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Kennedy; John |
September 24, 2009 |
THERAPY DEVICE AND SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR REDUCING HARMFUL EXPOSURE
TO ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION
Abstract
The invention is directed to a therapy device, including a body,
an energy source disposed on the body for emitting a desired
wavelength of electromagnetic radiation, and a proximity sensor for
sensing proximity of the device to a desired surface. Also
disclosed are a material dispensing system disposed on the body for
dispensing a desired material for use with the device and
accessories and compositions used with the therapy device,
including interchangeable energy source-containing heads and
interchangeable material containers. Methods for using the therapy
device are also disclosed.
Inventors: |
Kennedy; John; (Guelph,
CA) |
Correspondence
Address: |
BERESKIN AND PARR LLP/S.E.N.C.R.L., s.r.l.
40 KING STREET WEST, BOX 401
TORONTO
ON
M5H 3Y2
CA
|
Assignee: |
PHAROS LIFE CORPORATION
Cambridge
ON
|
Family ID: |
38335032 |
Appl. No.: |
12/278519 |
Filed: |
May 17, 2006 |
PCT Filed: |
May 17, 2006 |
PCT NO: |
PCT/CA06/00807 |
371 Date: |
May 21, 2009 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
607/89 ; 606/33;
607/88 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61B 2018/0047 20130101;
A61B 2090/065 20160201; A61N 2005/0644 20130101; A61N 2005/0659
20130101; A61N 5/0616 20130101; A61B 2018/00452 20130101; A61B
18/203 20130101; A61N 2005/0652 20130101; A61B 2018/00476 20130101;
A61N 2005/0661 20130101; A61N 2005/0662 20130101; A61B 2017/00026
20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
607/89 ; 607/88;
606/33 |
International
Class: |
A61N 5/067 20060101
A61N005/067; A61N 5/06 20060101 A61N005/06; A61N 5/02 20060101
A61N005/02 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Feb 6, 2006 |
CA |
2535276 |
Claims
1. A therapy device comprising: an energy source for emitting
electromagnetic radiation having desired characteristics for
applying a desired therapeutic treatment to a desired treatment
area; a controller and a processor for controlling operation of the
therapy device to apply the desired therapeutic treatment to the
desired treatment area; a proximity sensor for sensing proximity of
said energy source to said desired treatment area, said proximity
sensor communicating with said controller to control said emission
of electromagnetic radiation in accordance with the sensed
proximity of said energy source to said desired treatment area; and
a temperature sensor for sensing the temperature at said desired
treatment area during the application of said desired therapeutic
treatment, said temperature sensor communicating with said
controller to control said emission of electromagnetic radiation in
accordance with the temperature sensed by said temperature
sensor.
2. A therapy device comprising: a head for emitting electromagnetic
radiation from an energy source having desired characteristics for
applying a desired therapeutic treatment to a desired treatment
area; a controller and a processor for controlling operation of the
therapy device to apply the desired therapeutic treatment to the
desired treatment area; a proximity sensor for sensing proximity of
said head to said desired treatment area, said proximity sensor
communicating with said controller to control said emission of
electromagnetic radiation in accordance with the sensed proximity
of said head to said desired treatment area; and a material
dispensing system for dispensing a desired material through said
head for use with said desired therapeutic treatment.
3. The device of claim 1 further comprising a radiation shield for
shielding the energy source from emitting electromagnetic radiation
in a non-desired direction.
4. The device of claim 1 wherein said proximity sensor comprises a
mechanical sensor that senses a mechanical engagement between the
device and the desired surface.
5. The device of claim 1 wherein said proximity sensor comprises a
resistive sensor that senses a resistance change when the device is
proximate to the desired surface.
6. The device of claim 1 wherein said proximity sensor comprises a
capacitive sensor that senses a capacitance change when the device
is proximate to the desired surface.
7. The device of claim 1 wherein said proximity sensor comprises a
sensor that transmits and receives a light or sound signal when the
device is proximate to the desired surface.
8. The device of claim 1 wherein said proximity sensor comprises a
thermal sensor that senses a temperature change when the device is
proximate to the desired surface.
9. The device of claim 1 further comprising a material dispensing
system for dispensing a desired material for use with the
device.
10. The device of claim 9 wherein the dispensing system is manually
operated.
11. The device of claim 1 wherein the controller includes a storage
device; the storage device being operable to maintain regimen data;
the controller being operable to control the device in accordance
with the regimen data.
12. The device of claim 11 wherein the controller is operable to
control the emission of radiation from the energy source at a power
level and for a period of time in accordance with the regimen
data.
13. The device of claim 11 further comprising an interface operable
to conduct communications with a computing device for updating the
regimen data.
14. The device of claim 11 further comprising an interface operable
to conduct communications with a computer network having at least
one server for updating the regimen data.
15. The device of claim 11 wherein the storage device is
removable.
16. The device of claim 11 wherein said device is further operable
to maintain, in said storage device, logging data representing a
usage of the therapy device; said device further comprising an
interface operable to conduct communications with a computing
device for uploading the logging data.
17. The device of claim 1 wherein the energy source is a light
source.
18. The device of claim 1 wherein the energy source is selected
from the group consisting of electrodeless lamps, microwaves,
fluorescent tube, quartz halogen lamp, arc lamp, laser, laser
diode, and light emitting diode.
19. The device of claim 1 wherein the energy source has at least
one peak wavelength selected from about 410, 415, 580, 630, 660,
663, 680, 800, 810, 820, 830, 840, 850, and 900 nm.
20. The device of claim 1 wherein the energy source comprises at
least one peak wavelength having a band width of about 40 nm, more
preferably about 20 nm.
21. The device of claim 1 wherein the energy source has a peak
wavelength of about 415 nm and a bandwidth of about 20 nm.
22. The device of claim 1 wherein the energy source operates in a
pulsed manner when activated.
23. The device of claim 9 wherein the dispensing system is adapted
to receive a removable container for containing the material.
24. The device as claimed in claim 23 wherein the container has an
identifier that is readable by the device.
25. The device of claim 1 further comprising an energy reflective
layer disposed proximate to the energy source.
26. The device of claim 2 further comprising a temperature sensor
for sensing the temperature at said desired treatment area during
the application of said desired therapeutic treatment, said
temperature sensor communicating with said controller to control
said emission of electromagnetic radiation in accordance with the
temperature sensed by said temperature sensor.
27. The device of claim 26 wherein the controller can adjust the
energy source when the received temperature data is outside
pre-specified limits.
28. The device of claim 26 wherein the temperature sensor is a p-n
junction diode.
29. Use of the device of claim 1 for a treatment of an ailment
selected from the group consisting of arthritic pain, chronic pain,
carpel tunnel syndrome, cellular damage, soft tissue injury, acne,
TMJ, diabetic neuropathy, neuralgia, aging skin, seasonally
affected disorder, inflammation, fine lines and wrinkles,
mucositis, psoriasis, rosacia, eczema, oral candida, oral cancer,
cellulitis, and wounds.
30. Use of the device of claim 1 for the treatment of acne.
31. The use of the device of claim 30 wherein the energy source
emits electromagnetic radiation in the range of about 380 to about
460 nm.
32. The use of the device of claim 30 wherein the energy source
emits electromagnetic radiation in the range of about 395 to about
430 nm.
33. The use of the device of claim 30 wherein the energy source
emits electromagnetic radiation in the range of about 405 to about
425 nm.
34. The use of the device of claim 30 wherein the energy source
emits electromagnetic radiation in the range of about 460 to about
1000 nm.
35. The use of the device of claim 30 wherein the energy source
emits electromagnetic radiation in the range of about 550 to about
900 nm.
36. The use of the device of claim 30 wherein the energy source
emits electromagnetic radiation in the range of about 600 nm to
about 850 nm.
37. The use of the device of claim 30 wherein the energy source
emits electromagnetic radiation at about 630 nm.
38. Use of the device of claim 1 for photorejuvenation therapy.
39. The use of the device of claim 38 wherein the energy source
emits electromagnetic radiation in the range of about 500 nm to
about 1000 nm.
40. The use of the device of claim 38 wherein the energy source
emits electromagnetic radiation in the range of about 550 nm to
about 900 nm.
41. The use of the device of claim 38 wherein the energy source
emits electromagnetic radiation in the range of about 570 nm to
about 850 nm.
42. The use of the device of claim 38 wherein the energy source
emits electromagnetic radiation at an emission selected from the
group consisting of about 580 nm, about 630 nm, about 633 nm, about
660 nm, about 810 nm, about 830 nm, about 900 nm, and combinations
thereof.
43. Use of the device of claim 1 for the treatment of
cellulite.
44. The use of the device of claim 43 wherein the energy source
emits electromagnetic radiation in the range of about 500 nm to
about 1000 nm.
45. The use of the device of claim 43 wherein the energy source
emits electromagnetic radiation in the range of about 550 nm to
about 900 nm.
46. The use of the device of claim 43 wherein the energy source
emits electromagnetic radiation in the range of about 570 nm to
about 850 nm.
47. The use of the device of claim 43 wherein the energy source
emits laser or LED energy at about 810 nm.
48. The use of the device of claim 43 wherein the energy source
emits a combination of radiofrequency and infrared radiation.
49. Use of the device of claim 1 for improving the appearance of
the skin of a user.
50. A faceplate for removable attachment to a therapy device, said
faceplate comprising: an energy source for emitting electromagnetic
radiation having desired characteristics for applying a desired
therapeutic treatment to a desired treatment area; a proximity
sensor for sensing proximity of said energy source to said desired
treatment area, said proximity sensor communicating with a
controller for said therapy device to control said emission of
electromagnetic radiation in accordance with the sensed proximity
of said energy source to said desired treatment area; a temperature
sensor for sensing the temperature at said desired treatment area
during the application of said desired therapeutic treatment, said
temperature sensor communicating with the controller to control
said emission of electromagnetic radiation in accordance with the
temperature sensed by said temperature sensor and a mount for
removably attaching said faceplate to the therapy device, said
mount including a first connector for connecting with a second
connector disposed on the therapy device for facilitating
communication of information from said faceplate to said therapy
device, including information from said proximity sensor and said
temperature sensor.
51. A faceplate for removable attachment to a therapy device, said
faceplate comprising: an energy source for emitting electromagnetic
radiation having desired characteristics for applying a desired
therapeutic treatment to a desired treatment area; a proximity
sensor for sensing proximity of said energy source to said desired
treatment area, said proximity sensor communicating with a
controller for said therapy device to control said emission of
electromagnetic radiation in accordance with the sensed proximity
of said energy source to said desired treatment area and a mount
for removably attaching said faceplate to the therapy device, said
mount including a first connector for connecting with a second
connector disposed on the therapy device for facilitating
communication of information from said faceplate to said therapy
device, including information from said proximity sensor, said
therapy device housing the controller for controlling said energy
source.
52. A faceplate for removable attachment to a therapy device, said
faceplate comprising: an energy source for emitting electromagnetic
radiation having desired characteristics for applying a desired
therapeutic treatment to a desired treatment area; a temperature
sensor for sensing the temperature at said desired treatment area
during the application of said desired therapeutic treatment, said
temperature sensor communicating with a controller on the therapy
device to control said emission of electromagnetic radiation in
accordance with the temperature sensed by said temperature sensor
and a mount for removably attaching said faceplate to the therapy
device, said mount including a first connector for connecting with
a second connector disposed on the therapy device for facilitating
communication of information from said faceplate to said therapy
device, including information from said temperature sensor, said
therapy device housing the controller for controlling said energy
source.
53. The faceplate of claim 50 further comprising an identification
device that communicates the identity of the faceplate to the
control mechanism.
54. The faceplate of claim 50 further comprising a memory storage
device for storing regimen data.
55. The faceplate of claim 50 further comprising a radiation shield
for shielding the energy source from emitting electromagnetic
radiation in a non-desired direction.
56-63. (canceled)
64. The device of claim 2 further comprising a radiation shield for
shielding the energy source from emitting electromagnetic radiation
in a non-desired direction.
65. The device of claim 2 wherein said proximity sensor comprises a
mechanical sensor that senses a mechanical engagement between the
device and the desired surface.
66. The device of claim 2 wherein said proximity sensor comprises a
resistive sensor that senses a resistance change when the device is
proximate to the desired surface.
67. The device of claim 2 wherein said proximity sensor comprises a
capacitive sensor that senses a capacitance change when the device
is proximate to the desired surface.
68. The device of claim 2 wherein said proximity sensor comprises a
sensor that transmits and receives a light or sound signal when the
device is proximate to the desired surface.
69. The device of claim 2 wherein said proximity sensor comprises a
thermal sensor that senses a temperature change when the device is
proximate to the desired surface.
70. The device of claim 2 wherein the controller includes a storage
device; the storage device being operable to maintain regimen data;
the controller being operable to control the device in accordance
with the regimen data.
71. The device of claim 70 wherein the controller is operable to
control the emission of radiation from the energy source at a power
level and for a period of time in accordance with the regimen
data.
72. The device of claim 70 further comprising an interface operable
to conduct communications with a computing device for updating the
regimen data.
73. The device of claim 70 further comprising an interface operable
to conduct communications with a computer network having at least
one server for updating the regimen data.
74. The device of claim 70 wherein the storage device is
removable.
75. The device of claim 70 wherein said device is further operable
to maintain, in said storage device, logging data representing a
usage of the therapy device; said device further comprising an
interface operable to conduct communications with a computing
device for uploading the logging data.
76. The device of claim 2 wherein the energy source is a light
source.
77. The device of claim 2 wherein the energy source is selected
from the group consisting of electrodeless lamps, microwaves,
fluorescent tube, quartz halogen lamp, arc lamp, laser, laser
diode, and light emitting diode.
78. The device of claim 2 wherein the energy source operates in a
pulsed manner when activated.
79. The device of claim 2 wherein the dispensing system is adapted
to receive a removable container for containing the material.
80. The device as claimed in claim 2 wherein the container has an
identifier that is readable by the device.
Description
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0001] This invention relates to therapy devices and in particular
to handheld devices for administering therapy using electromagnetic
radiation.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] Therapy using electromagnetic radiation has been used to
treat soft tissue injuries such as capsulitis, bursitis, sprains,
strains, hematomas and tendinitis, acute and chronic joint problems
such as osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis and ligament and
tendon injuries, tendinitis, arthritic pain, chronic pain such as
post herpetic neuralgia, chronic back and neck pain, metatarsalgia,
trigeminal neuralgia, brachial neuralgia, plantar fisciitis,
cellular damage, in vitro fertilization enhancement, stimulation of
embryogenesis, soft tissue injury, aging skin, seasonally affected
disorder, inflammation, fine lines and wrinkles, mucositis, frozen
shoulder, temporomandibular joint diseases and disorders (TMJ) and
carpal tunnel syndrome.
[0003] Therapy using electromagnetic radiation has also been used
to treat non-union and small bone fractures, herpes, apthous
ulcers, leg ulcers, dermatitis, wound healing, burns, acute
epididymitis, otorhinolaragngology, gynecology, obstetrics,
superficial AP stimulation and tonification, cosmetic
imperfections, cellulite, and acne, among other things.
[0004] Typically, treatment or therapy using electromagnetic
radiation involves radiating energy onto or into a patient's skin.
The radiation is typically applied at wavelengths either in the
visible, ultraviolet, radiofrequency, or the infrared range. A wide
variety of radiating energy sources are available and known in the
art. The radiating energy sources used in these therapies radiate
energy at a wide variety of wavelengths with different wavelengths
having been found to be useful depending on the ailment being
treated.
[0005] Acne vulgaris is one of the world's most common skin
conditions and results from blockage, bacterial colonization and
inflammation of the sebaceous follicles. The main cause of acne
stems from an abnormally high amount of bacteria, mainly
propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes), resulting in inflammatory acne.
Acne affects between 85-100% of young adults up to the age of 24
years and up to 50% of adults 25 and older. It usually appears on
the face, chest, back and limbs and can produce life-long scars,
both emotionally and physically. In the United States alone over
17,000,000 people actively seek acne treatment on an ongoing basis.
These treatments consist of professionally prescribed
pharmaceuticals, cosmeceuticals and invasive skin resurfacing. The
P. acnes bacteria has developed up to 80% resistance to antibiotics
commonly used to treat acne in the past.
[0006] acnes absorbs light from the ultraviolet region to about 430
nm, and also absorbs light at about 630 nm. Blue light phototherapy
works for a majority of patients with P. Acne vulgaris. The
bacteria is made up of an endogenous porphyrin which is a naturally
occurring photosensitizer. This photosensitizer absorbs the blue
light energy between about 405 to about 425 nanometers and forms a
singlet oxygen which simply destroys the bacteria cell. No systemic
drugs with their potential side effects and invasive procedures
requiring long healing times are necessarily used. For example,
radiating energy sources having a peak wavelength of about 415 nm
and a bandwidth of about 20 nm have been found particularly useful
in the treatment of acne. Peak wavelengths of about 630 nm have
also been useful in this regard.
[0007] Other examples of electromagnetic radiation useful for
treatments include radiation at wavelengths of about 800-810 nm for
leg vein and hair removal, wart treatments, hair growth stimulation
and tattoo removal, wavelengths of about 1064 nm for skin peel and
hair reduction, and of about 574 nm for wrinkle reduction. Varying
treatment regimens of pulsing wave (PW) or continuous wave (CW)
light, at varying energy levels, are known in the art. Typically,
these treatments utilize wavelengths between about 250 and about
2000 nm.
[0008] Hand-held therapy devices for delivering electromagnetic
radiation are known in the art, however, they are quite expensive
and typically limited to one specific use (and one specific
wavelength spectrum). The increasing use by medical professionals
of different types of electromagnetic radiation devices for a broad
range of indications has driven the market demand for similar type
devices. Unlike use in a medical setting, the manufacturers of such
devices are unable to insure that users follow safety instructions
and utilize safety equipment, such as eye protection, provided.
[0009] Accordingly, there is a need for a device for delivering
radiation that is flexible enough to provide a variety of treatment
regimens and wavelength spectrums, so that the device can be used
to treat a variety of ailments. There is also a need for
compositions and treatment methods that are useful with such
devices. In addition, there is a need for a device that reduces the
risk of the user being exposed to harmful amounts of radiation so
that the device may be used safely without the supervision of a
health professional.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0010] According to one aspect of the invention, there is provided
a therapy device for delivering electromagnetic radiation. The
device comprises an energy source for emitting a desired wavelength
of electromagnetic radiation and a proximity sensor for sensing
proximity of the device to a desired surface. the sensors can
signal the energy source to activate or deactivate the emission of
the electromagnetic radiation in accordance with the proximity to
the surface.
[0011] The device can be used for a treatment of an ailment
selected from the group consisting of arthritic pain, chronic pain,
carpel tunnel syndrome, cellular damage, soft tissue injury, acne,
TMJ, diabetic neuropathy, neuralgia, aging skin, seasonally
affected disorder, inflammation, fine lines and wrinkles,
mucositis, psoriasis, rosacia, eczema, oral candida, oral cancer,
cellulitis, and wounds. The device can also be used for acne
treatment and photorejuvenation therapy.
[0012] Another aspect of the invention provides for a faceplate for
a therapy device comprising a substrate for supporting an energy
source, a proximity sensor for sensing proximity of the faceplate
to a desired surface, and a mount for attaching said substrate to a
body. The body can be for housing a control mechanism for
controlling said energy source. The sensor can send a signal to
activate or deactivate said energy source in accordance with the
proximity to the surface.
[0013] Another aspect of the invention provides for a method for
controlling a therapy device having an energy source for emitting
radiation, a proximity sensor for sensing proximity to a desired
surface and a controller that is operably connected to the energy
source. The method comprises the steps of:
[0014] receiving, at the controller, a signal from the proximity
sensor in respect to the proximity of the device to the desired
surface; and
[0015] controlling the energy source in accordance with the signal
from the proximity sensor.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0016] FIG. 1 shows a front phantom view of a device in accordance
with one aspect of the present invention.
[0017] FIG. 2 shows a front view of a removable container used in
the device of FIG. 1.
[0018] FIG. 3 shows an exploded side phantom view of the device of
FIG. 1.
[0019] FIG. 4 shows a back view of the device of FIG. 1.
[0020] FIG. 5 shows a device connected to a database server through
the internet in accordance with another aspect of the present
invention.
[0021] FIG. 6 shows a computer flow chart detailing processor steps
for the device of FIG. 1.
[0022] FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the device shown in FIG.
1 and shows a temperature sensing device in accordance with one
aspect of the present invention.
[0023] FIG. 8 is a block diagram showing electronic components in
accordance with one aspect of the present invention.
[0024] FIG. 9 is a flow chart showing a method in accordance with
one aspect of the present invention.
[0025] FIGS. 10A-10F show side phantom views of various head
designs for the device of FIG. 1.
[0026] FIG. 11 shows an exploded side phantom view of the device of
FIG. 1 fitted with an adapter in accordance with a further aspect
of the present invention.
[0027] FIG. 12 is a block diagram showing electronic components in
accordance with an aspect of the present invention where the
faceplate does not include an EEPROM.
[0028] FIGS. 13A-13E show perspective sectional views of different
embodiments of heads for a therapy device incorporating a proximity
sensor in accordance with the present invention.
[0029] FIGS. 14 a) and b) are a cross-sectional views of different
embodiments of heads for a therapy device incorporating a radiation
shield in accordance with the present invention.
[0030] FIG. 15 is a block diagram showing electronic components in
accordance with one aspect of the present invention.
[0031] FIG. 16 is a flow chart showing a method for reducing
exposure to harmful electromagnetic radiation in accordance with
the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0032] Disclosed and illustrated generally at 20 in the Figures is
a hand held device in accordance with the present invention. The
device includes a head 22 and a handle 24. The head 22 of the
device includes a faceplate 23 and a baseplate 25. Faceplate 23
comprises an energy source 30, a substrate 57 for supporting energy
source 30, and can have an outer surface 26. Substrate 57 and outer
surface 26 each define at least one aperture 28 for allowing the
distribution of a material 38 from the outer surface 26, as
described further below. Substrate 57 can comprise a printed
circuit board (PCB) or other structure functionally equivalent
thereto. Outer surface 26 is comprised of a generally transparent
material which allows maximal transmission of light from energy
source 30 to the skin of the user during operation of device 20.
Outer surface 26 can be manufactured from such suitable materials
as glass, polycarbonate, Macrolon.TM., and the like. Outer surface
26 of faceplate 23 can further define apertures (not shown) for
allowing light from energy sources 30 to be transmitted from outer
surface 26. In an embodiment where such apertures are included, the
transparency of outer surface 26 is not critical for allowing the
transmission of light. Substrate 57 can also include an energy
reflecting surface 27 designed to recycle energy reflected back
from the user's skin when the device is in use by reflecting such
energy back to the user's skin. The energy reflecting surface 27
can be located between energy source 30 and substrate 57 and can
extend beyond the outer edges of energy source 30. Variations of
energy reflecting layers may be used as known in the art.
[0033] It is also contemplated that device 20 can be used without
outer surface 26. In such an embodiment, material 38 can be emitted
directly from the at least one aperture 28 of substrate 57 or from
at least one suitable extension (not shown) which extends from
aperture 28 of substrate 57. In this embodiment, energy source 30
can be suitably protected, if necessary, from exposure to material
38 through means known in the art.
[0034] Faceplate 23 of the device can be of varied shape or design,
as shown for example in FIGS. 10A to 10F. The handle 24 is designed
to be easy to hold in one hand, and is connected to the head 22
through a flexible neck 68 or a fixed neck (not shown).
[0035] The size of the device should be suitable to allow the user
to hold it in their hand during use. The faceplate should be of a
size that is suitable to treat a portion of a person's skin and
tissue.
[0036] The energy sources 30 can be of any type and of any
wavelength that is suitable for the treatment at hand as known to
persons skilled in the art. For example, energy sources 30 with a
peak wavelength of about 415 nm and a bandwidth of about 20 nm can
be used for the treatment of acne. The preferred embodiment of
energy sources 30 for the present invention is one or more light
emitting diodes (LEDs), however, the present invention is not
limited to the use of these energy sources. Other energy sources
including (without limitation) those that deliver microwave energy,
radiofrequency energy, ultraviolet, visible, or infrared energy,
ultrasound, laser energy, light energy or electrical stimulation,
can also be used in place of or in combination with energy sources
30. Examples of known energy sources for delivering such energy
include fluorescent lights, sulfur lamps, flash lamps, xenon lamps,
LEDs, laser diodes, lasers, and filamentous lights. Examples of
head 22 designs having varied energy sources are shown in FIGS.
10A, 10D, 10E and 10F, namely, a semiconductor energy source 31
such as an LED or a laser diode, a microwave energy source 33, a
fluorescent tube 37, and a filamentous energy source 39.
[0037] The device 20 utilizes a power source, either internally
housed (in the form of a battery 46) or external to the device
(through a plug 70 for connecting the device in a standard
electrical power receptacle), or both. The battery 46 can be
disposable or rechargeable, can consist of one or more cells (for
example, 2 cells as shown in FIG. 1) and can optionally be accessed
for removal from the device by removing battery cover 80.
[0038] Housed within the handle 24 is a controller 34, which
preferably is activated with a switch 35, through which the user
controls the device. The controller 34 allows the user to "turn on"
and "turn off" the device, though the turning off of the device can
be done automatically by the device at the appropriate end of
treatment, as described below. The user can turn on and use the
device for a predetermined amount of time based on instructions for
a treatment regimen that accompany the device or instructions
prescribed by a medical professional. The instructions can be in
written, audio, or video form, or can be downloaded from a
computing device or computer network. Optionally, the controller 34
can also be used to select a treatment regimen, though this can
also be done automatically through the use of coded containers or
face plates, as described below.
[0039] The handle 24 also houses a processor 44, which can be
pre-programmed with suitable treatment regimens. The processor 44
is used to time the duration of treatment, or to pulse or otherwise
modify the energy source 30 to optimize the treatment. For example,
for the treatment of acne, the user might set the controller 34 to
an acne treatment setting (or to an `on` position if the treatment
setting is automated as described below) and then place the device
proximal to the skin being treated, and would activate the device
through the controller 34. The processor 44 can control or vary the
duration, intensity, and pulses of energy being administered to the
patient in accordance with the treatment, and can also signal the
patient through an audible tone or other method, when the treatment
is finished. The processor 44 can also act as a controller for the
dispensing of appropriate amounts of material 38 at appropriate
times, as further described below.
[0040] The head 22 of the device 20 includes a faceplate 23 that
can be removed by the user from a baseplate 25 through means such
as a bayonet mount 54 or other suitable mounting means, for
example, through mechanical fittings. Thus the same device 20 can
be fitted with various faceplates 23, each with different energy
sources or other operational or structural features. Information
can be transferred from the faceplate 23 to the device 20 for use
by the processor 44 by a connector 56 disposed on faceplate 23,
which is connected to connector 52 disposed on baseplate 25
Connector 52 communicates with processor 44 via cable 86 indicating
which faceplate 23 is connected to the device, allowing the
processor 44 to identify the treatment regimen that corresponds to
the particular faceplate 23. Moreover, in this embodiment, power
transmission from device 20 to faceplate 23 and data communication
between processor 44 and faceplate 23, when faceplate 23 contains
memory, is also accomplished through the connection established
between connectors 52 and 56. However, in other embodiments,
identification information, power transmission and data
communication between any memory present on faceplate 23 and
processor 44 can be accomplished using different types of
mechanisms and connections. For example, separate pairs of
connectors can be used for the transmission of power, communication
of identification information and data communication.
Alternatively, other connection types can be used for data
communications between faceplate 23 and device 20, such as a
wireless connection based on radio transmission. Moreover, the
identity of a faceplate 23 can be contained on faceplate 23 as an
identifier readable by a sensor located on device 20. In yet other
embodiments, other methods for identifying the faceplate may be
used. An electrical coding can be set into faceplate 23 using
alternating bands of conducting and non-conducting material can be
read by faceplate sensors located on device 20. Alternate
mechanisms of communicating identity information can also be used,
such as a bar code and optical sensor system, a magnetic strip and
magnetic strip reader, an electrical contact, or a mechanical key
recognition system. These and other such variations are within the
scope of the invention.
[0041] The use of a variety of interchangeable faceplates 23
permits the user to purchase a low cost device that is optimized
for the ailment to be presently treated, while allowing the user
the flexibility to expand treatment options in the future by
purchasing a new faceplate 23, rather than a whole new device.
Interchangeable faceplates 23 have the added benefit that they can
be easily removed from the device 20 for washing or autoclaving.
Alternatively, if costs permit, the device can be manufactured with
one form of integrally or permanently attached faceplate only and
additional units for other treatments can similarly be
manufactured.
[0042] A simpler form of therapy device comprising a body, an
energy source disposed on the body for emitting a desired
wavelength of electromagnetic radiation, preferably light
radiation, and a material dispensing system disposed on the body
for dispensing a desired material for use with the device, falls
within the scope of this invention. This device can operate under
manual control, where the user determines the duration and
frequency of treatment.
[0043] The therapy device can be sold as a kit comprising the
assembled device together with instructions for usage and possible
treatment regimens or protocols. The instructions can be in
written, audio, or video form, or can be downloaded from a
computing device or computer network. The instructions can be
provided by a medical professional. The therapy device can be sold
unassembled as part of a kit, in which case the kit can further
comprise instructions for assembly of the device.
[0044] The device can also include an adapter 82 for receiving
faceplate 23 and facilitating the use of the device over treatments
when it can become uncomfortable to hold the entire device with the
handle over time. The adapter 82, shown fitted to the device in
FIG. 11, contains faceplate attachment means 84, which are
compatible with and complementary to the bayonnet mount 54, and an
extension cable 81 running from the faceplate attachment means to
the baseplate 25 and functionally connected thereto. Extension
cable 81 would allow the powering of the energy source 30 on
faceplate 23 by the battery 46 and processor 44 on the handle 24
through the extension cable 86. The adapter 82 can also contain
adapter connector 88 for the remitting of faceplate information to
processor 44, also through the extension cable 86 which can be
connected to the connector 52 or the baseplate 25 to facilitate
such remitting of information. The adaptor 82 can also contain
straps for affixing faceplate 23 (connected to adaptor 82) to the
user during treatment (not shown).
[0045] The device 20 can also provide for updating the software of
the processor 44 as new faceplates 23 or new treatment regimens are
designed. Referring to FIG. 5, processor 44 can connect by wire
connection through firewire 70 or by Universal Serial Bus 72, as
shown, or through another wired or wireless communication means
such as an Infrared port (not shown) to a personal computer 74
connected through the Internet 76 to a database server 78
containing an updated database of treatment regimens. Such
communication can also occur through a wireless local area network,
bluetooth, or other communications technology (not shown) or
through the insertion of a flash card or other memory-containing
device which contains pre-programmed instructions or data (not
shown). Updating of the device can be passive (occurring in
real-time as new software is developed) or active, occurring only
at the request or command of the user. Alternatively, the device
can be pre-programmed with treatment protocols and can not have
software updating means.
[0046] Although faceplate 23 of device 20 can be interchanged with
other faceplates 23 to optimize the treatment regimen for a variety
of ailments, it is possible that a single faceplate 23 would
contain a suitable energy source 30 for a broad subset of ailments.
For example, faceplate 23 can include an energy source comprised of
LEDs for emitting electromagnetic radiation at about 410 nm and
other LEDs for emitting electromagnetic radiation at about 630 nm.
Other medically useful electromagnetic emissions occur at about,
for example, 580 nm, 660 nm, 680 nm, 800 nm, 810 nm, 820 nm, 830
nm, 840 nm, and 900 nm, with a band width of about 40 nm, more
preferably about 20 nm. Alternatively, faceplate 23 can include an
energy source comprised of LEDs, Xenon light source, arc-lamps or
other energy sources for emitting electromagnetic radiation at
about 360 to 380 nm. Therefore, depending on the flexibility of
head design, it can be necessary to have a secondary way in which
to select treatment regimens. For example, the controller 34 can
include a user interface (not shown) to allow the user to program
or select various treatment regimens by hand. Optionally, an
automated mechanism for the determination of treatment regimens is
possible, such as by using coded, treatment-specific containers, as
described below.
[0047] The device preferably also includes a system for dispensing
a desired material 38 such as a gel or lotion for use in the
treatment. During treatment using device 20, material 38 is
disposed between the skin of the user and faceplate 23. Material 38
can optimize and/or enhance the energy transfer between energy
source 30 and the skin of the user by filling in irregular voids
that exist on the surface of the skin. Another function of material
38 can be to alter the refractive index of the skin or target
tissue so that the absorption spectrum of the skin or target tissue
is closer to the emissions spectrum of the source of
electromagnetic radiation. This aspect of material 38 can be useful
because the skin has an index of refraction of about 1.4 in the
visible and the near infrared, which is larger than that of air. As
a result, any photon that interacts with the air-skin interface is
deflected if it does not hit the skin at an incidence angle of
substantially 0.degree.. Since the surface of the skin is
irregular, the angular distribution of the skin increases. In order
to enhance the absorption of light into the skin, material 38 can
comprise components that have an index of refraction which is close
to that of skin. Such components are sometimes called skin index
matching materials. An example of a suitable index matching
material is propylene glycol solution with a refractive index of
1.5. Material 38 can thereby enhance the absorption by the user's
skin of photons emitted by energy source 30 by improving the
surface irregularities of the skin and minimizing the difference of
the indices of refraction between the skin and the area between the
skin and the faceplate 23. Material 38 can also act as a lubricant
or hydration agent that provides a low friction surface coating for
improving the comfort and operation of the device. For example,
material 38 can comprise a gel, such as a water based gel. Material
38 should be transparent to the beneficial light emitted by energy
source 30. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention,
outer surface 26 of device 20 is pressed or placed against with the
surface of the user's skin thereby causing the surface of the skin
to be substantially contiguous with outer surface 26, and material
38 is disposed therebetween during treatment with device 20.
[0048] Material 38 can also contain a medicament, active
ingredient, or supplement known to be useful in treatment of a
specific indication. For example, the material 38 can contain an
acne treatment such as benzoyl peroxide, preferably in a
concentration of about 0.1% to 10%. This allows the user to combine
a treatment using electromagnetic radiation with a more
conventional treatment for their ailment using minimal steps. The
material can also contain ingredients such as aloe, Vitamin E, a
hydration agent, Vitamin C, Vitamin D, Vitamin A, Vitamin K,
Vitamin F, Retin A (Tretinoin), Adapalene, Retinol, Hydroquinone,
Kojic acid, a growth factor, echinacea, lanolin, an antibiotic, an
antifungal, an antiviral, neutraceuticals, cosmeceuticals, a
bleaching agent, an alpha hydroxy acid, a beta hydroxy acid,
salicylic acid, antioxidant triad compound, a seaweed derivative, a
salt water derivative, algae, an antioxidant, a phytoanthocyanin,
phthalocyanine, a phytonutrient, plankton, a botanical product, a
herbaceous product, a hormone, an enzyme, a mineral, a genetically
engineered substance, a cofactor, a catalyst, an antiaging
substance, insulin, trace elements (including ionic calcium,
magnesium, etc.), minerals, minoxidil, a dye, a natural or
synthetic melanin, a metalloproteinase inhibitor, proline,
hydroxyproline, an anesthetic substance, benzoyl peroxide, amino
levulinic acid, chlorophyll, bacteriachlorophyll, Coenzyme Q10,
copper chlorophyllin, chloroplasts, carotenoids, phycobilin,
rhodopsin, anthocyanin, and derivatives, subcomponents,
immunological complexes and antibodies directed towards any
component of the target skin structure or apparatus, and analogs of
the above items both synthetic and natural, as well as combinations
thereof. It will be noted by those skilled in the art that the
medicaments, active ingredients, and/or supplements disclosed
herein and their equivalents, as well as any other medicaments,
active ingredients, and/or supplements that can be useful when used
in combination with the device and methods of the present
invention, can also have index matching and skin smoothing
properties that can contribute to the effectiveness of the
treatment.
[0049] The medicament, active ingredient, or supplement can be
photosensitive and can undergo a photochemical reaction when
applied to the skin and exposed to energy source 30.
[0050] The medicament, active ingredient, or supplement can be
administered to the skin or target tissue before use and separately
from administration of material 38 and use of device 20.
[0051] A removable container 36, shown in isolation in FIG. 2,
containing material 38, as described above, is housed within a
container receiver 48, such as a cavity or slot within the device,
preferably located on the device handle and preferably having a
door 66 that is retractable or that is rotatably mounted on hinges
64 and lockable in a closed position using latch 62, or a similarly
re-sealable opening for insertion and removal of the container. The
container can be disposable, or can be refillable. The container
can also be filled by a dermatologist, pharmacist, or other medical
professional, for prescription dispensing or customizable
formulations of material.
[0052] The material 38 is squeezed out of the container either
manually by the user using, for example, a spring-loaded trigger
mechanism 60 operably connected to a plunger 42 or other squeezing
mechanism or pump mechanism for displacing material 38 out of the
container 36, or automatically and under processor 44 control when
the device is activated, using, for example, an electric motor 40
or solenoid (not shown) operably connected to a plunger 42 or other
squeezing mechanism for displacing material 38 out of the container
36, and a motor control system for turning on and off the motor (as
shown, incorporated within processor 44). As would be recognized by
those skilled in the art, other suitable pumping or dispensing
mechanisms could be used, such as a diaphragm pump, which would
also aid in dispensing a predetermined amount of material 38 during
operation of device 20.
[0053] The material 38 displaced out of the container 36 is forced
through one or more apertures 28 on the device head 22, either
directly (not shown) or through one or more distribution passages
32 built into the device and connecting the container 36 to the
apertures 28. In this manner, the appropriate amount of material 38
is distributed directly to the space between the skin of the
patient (not shown) and faceplate 23 with little effort from the
user.
[0054] In order to make the therapy easy to administer, the
container 36 can be clearly labeled for the ailment it is meant to
treat, as well as with its ingredients. Various materials can
therefore be prepared and sold separately, in containers compatible
with the device, for repeat applications of a wide variety of
treatments for a wide variety of ailments.
[0055] In order to simplify the use of the device, individual
containers 36 can be designed to communicate with the device. For
example, an electrical coding 50 set into the container 36 using
alternating bands of conducting and non-conducting material can be
read by container coding sensors 58 on the device 20. Alternate
communication means can also be used, such as a bar code and
optical sensor system (not shown), a magnetic strip and magnetic
strip reader (not shown), an electrical contact (not shown), or a
mechanical key recognition system (not shown).
[0056] In this manner, the device can determine which treatment is
to be performed based on which container 36 is in the device. The
processor 44 can determine the appropriate rate and amount of
material 38 to be displaced from the device 20 during treatment,
based on the type of material 38 in the device as read by the
sensors 58 from the data on the container's electrical coding 50.
In this way, the processor 44 acts as a form of "motor control
system" for the dispensing of the material.
[0057] The processor 44 can also determine whether the appropriate
faceplate 23 is on the device for the treatment required (based on
the type of material that is loaded in the device), and can
activate the energy sources 30 for the appropriate treatment
regimen (again, based on the type of material 38 that is loaded in
the device 20). For example, when an "acne" material 38 is loaded
into the device 20, the processor 44 "reads" the type of material
loaded using container coding sensors 58, accesses its internal
database to determine what the appropriate treatment regimen is for
acne (including type, duration and intensity of energy emission,
(for example, an 18 minute treatment with combination 620 nm and
415 nm LEDs with a total energy output of 40-90 joules (J) per
session in a continuous wave)) as well as what is the appropriate
timing, rate, and amount of material to be dispensed.
[0058] A flow chart showing generally an example of how the
processor 44 can process information from the container 36 and the
faceplate 23 is shown in FIG. 6.
[0059] The processor 44 verifies that the correct faceplate 23 is
on the device by communicating with faceplate 23 through connectors
52 and 56 (to ensure, for example, that a faceplate 23 with light
sources 30 capable of emitting light at 415 nm is affixed to the
device). The device will activate when the controller 34 is
deployed, and when the appropriate faceplate 23 and container 36
are affixed to the device. Optionally, the device can also use a
counter, sensors or other means, typically affixed to the plunger
42, to determine whether there is enough material 38 in the
container 36 to undergo the appropriate treatment regimen, and will
warn the user if the amount of material is insufficient, or if the
container is nearly empty.
[0060] Optionally, device 20 can further comprise a temperature
sensing device such as temperature sensing device 332 shown, for
example, in FIG. 7, for measuring the temperature and/or any change
in temperature at the skin-device interface. Temperature sensing
device 332 comprises a thermal conductive material 51, such as
copper metal or other thermal interface material, and a thermal
transducer 53, such as a p-n junction diode or thermistor. Thermal
conductive material 51 extends from outer surface 26 and is in
communication with thermal transducer 53. Thermal transducer 53 is
in communication with processor 44. It will be understood by those
with skill in the art that other devices which incorporate the
functions of temperature sensing device 332 would be suitable. For
example, a temperature sensing device which is flush with at least
part of the face plate that contacts the user's face during use is
contemplated.
[0061] It will be recognized by those with skill in the art that
the configuration of energy source 30, and temperature sensing
device 332 (if used) can be implemented on a PCB or other
structures functionally equivalent thereto.
[0062] Referring now to FIG. 8, a block diagram of certain
components of device 20 are shown according to an embodiment of the
invention. In this embodiment, device 20 includes a control
mechanism 300, a faceplate 23 and a dispensing system 340.
[0063] Control mechanism 300 has a processor 44. Processor 44 is
connected to a persistent storage device which, in this embodiment,
is a flash memory 304 containing a plurality of applications
executable by processor 44, and related data that enables device 20
to perform certain functions. Processor 44 is also connected to a
random access memory unit ("RAM") 308. Processor 44 can send output
signals to various output devices including alarm sources which in
this embodiment are an LED 316, and a speaker 320. Processor 44 can
also receive input from various input devices including switch 35
and sensor 52.
[0064] Control mechanism 300 also includes an energy source driver
336. Energy source driver 336 is operable, through a control signal
from processor 44, to deliver a driving current to the energy
source located on faceplate 23. Both processor 44 and driver 336
are also connected to connector 52. In this embodiment, connector
52 is a five pin surface mount connector.
[0065] Control mechanism 300 is operable to communicate with
faceplate 23 through connector 52. Faceplate 23 includes an energy
source, which in this embodiment is an LED array 328, an
electrically erasable programmable read only memory (EEPROM) 312
and a temperature sensing device 332, all of which are in
communication with control mechanism 300 through connector 56 which
connects to connector 52.
[0066] In a preferred embodiment, LED array 328 contains thirty six
LEDs, each LED capable of generating about 12 mW of power at about
100% duty cycle under continuous operation at a current of about 25
mA, which current is supplied by energy source driver 336 through
connectors 52 and 56. In other embodiments, other types of LEDs
with different operational characteristics can be used and these
embodiments are within the scope of the invention.
[0067] EEPROM 312, in this embodiment, is a 1-wire EEPROM as, for
example, manufactured by Maxim Integrated Products, Inc. of
California U.S.A. Temperature sensing device 332, in this
embodiment, is a solid state temperature sensing device such as
MCP9700, a low-power voltage output temperature sensor,
manufactured by Microchip Technology Incorporated of Chandler
Ariz., U.S.A.
[0068] EEPROM 312 is responsible for storing additional data
relevant to the performance of certain functions. This data is
accessible by processor 44 through connector 52. As now apparent to
those skilled in the art, in other embodiments, other persistent
storage devices such as a ROM or flash-memory can be used in place
of an EEPROM for storing the additional data on face place 23 and
these embodiments are within the scope of the invention.
Temperature sensing device 332 detects the temperature at the
interface of faceplate 23 and the skin and is operable to convey
this temperature reading to processor 44. LED array 328 is operable
to deliver an energy according to a current supplied by energy
source driver 336.
[0069] Control mechanism 300 is also operable to communicate with
dispensing system 340. Dispensing system 340 includes a pump driver
74 and a coding 50 which is located on container 36. Driver 74 is
operable, through a control signal from control mechanism 300, to
drive a solenoid to deliver a predetermined amount of fluid
contained within container 36. In this embodiment, container 36 is
a container for delivering benzoyl peroxide with a concentration of
2% which is delivered from container 36 to the skin by a series of
pumps or pulses actuated by driver 74. Coding 50, as previously
described, is formed from alternating bands of conducting and
non-conducting material. The coding combination allows a different
voltage to be returned to processor 44 corresponding to different
container types. As it is now apparent to those skilled in the art,
in other embodiments, other coding mechanisms can be used such as
different resistors
[0070] Processor 44 is also operable to communicate with a
computing device 70 through an interface operable to conduct
communications when a computing device 70 is optionally connected
to the interface. In this embodiment, the interface is the
communications port 324 which uses communications protocol RS-232
known to those skilled in the art, and hence is a serial port. As
it is now apparent to those skilled in the art, in other
embodiments, other types of communication protocols or interfaces
can be used for connecting to a computer. These interfaces include
but are not limited to Universal Serial Bus (USB), infrared (IR),
Blue Tooth, two-way radio, wired Ethernet and wireless Ethernet
connection using a variety of protocols such as 801.11g or 801.11b.
Moreover, the type of computing device that can be connected to
device 20 includes, but is not limited to, a desktop personal
computer (PC), a laptop, a personal digital assistant (PDA) or any
other mobile or stationary device that is capable of communicating,
processing and storing information.
[0071] Control mechanism 300 maintains a treatment database 200,
used for determining different parameters of a treatment regimen.
Database 200 contains information relevant to treatment regimens
such as the duration of a specific treatment and duration and
intensity of energy delivered during a cycle. Accordingly, a
separate database record exists for each different treatment
regimen. Typically, records are stored in database 200, which is
maintained in flash-memory 304. However, some records, or portions
thereof, can also be stored in EEPROM 312 located in faceplate 23.
The records or portions thereof that are maintained in EEPROM 312
contain information that is specific to the treatment regimen or
regimens that are deliverable using that particular faceplate 23.
Table I shows an example record 204, labeled Record #1 that
contains data for an example acne treatment regimen and is
maintained in EEPROM 312.
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE I Example record 204 for an example acne
treatment regimen Record #1 Field Type Value Field 1 Treatment type
Acne Field 2 Initial Duration of each cycle 90 seconds Field 3 LED
Efficiency 12 mW/25 mA Field 4 Form of Activation 40 Field 5 Target
power delivery per cycle 30 J Field 6 Upper heat limit 41.degree.
C. Field 7 Lower heat limit 35.degree. C. Field 8 Number of pump
pulses 3 Field 9 Container type 5 Field 10 Energy Source LED
array
[0072] Describing Table I in greater detail, Field 1 contains the
type of treatment regimen contained in this record which in this
example is a regimen for Acne. Field 2 contains the initial
duration of each treatment cycle, while Field 3 contains the
operating efficiency of LEDs found in LED array 328. These fields
are set to about ninety seconds and about 12/25 mW/mA respectively
for this example regimen. Field 4 contains the form of activation
for LED array 328. In this embodiment, two forms of activation are
possible. The first is continuous wave where LED array 328 is
activated continuously, and the second is pulse wave, where LED
array 328 is activated in pulses. In this example, Field 4 is set
to 40 meaning that during a cycle, LED array 328 is to be activated
at a pulse rate of about forty Hertz.
[0073] Activating LED array 328 at a certain current for a
specified period of time results in a certain amount of irradiance
power being delivered by LED array 328. Accordingly, the irradiance
power to be delivered during a cycle is the amount of power
generated corresponding to the time, current and form of activation
of LED array 328 specified in Fields 2 through 4 and is based on
the efficiency of LEDs used (which is specified in Field 3). This
power, referred to as target cycle power, is specified in Field 5.
In this example, it is targeted that a combination of LEDs used
should result in the delivery of about thirty Joules by LED array
328 when LED array 328 is activated at about a forty Hz pulse for a
ninety second period. Accordingly, in this example, Field 5 is set
to about thirty Joules.
[0074] Continuing with the description of Table I, Fields 6 and 7
specify temperature limits within which device 20 is to keep the
temperature of faceplate 23 during the treatment. In this example,
the temperature is maintained between about thirty-five and about
forty-one degrees centigrade. Field 8, contains the number of times
container 36 is to be pumped prior to the activation of LED array
328. This field, in effect, determines the amount of fluid to be
delivered by container 36 during a treatment. In this example,
container 36 is to be pumped 3 times. Field 9 specifies the type of
container this regimen will work. In this case, the container with
a code of 5 is the appropriate container to be used. In other
embodiments, multiple container types can be deemed compatible with
a treatment regimen and such embodiments are within the scope of
the invention. Field 10 specifies the type of energy source present
on the corresponding faceplate. In this example a 415 nm LED array
is used.
[0075] Control mechanism 300 also maintains several variables such
as a power down timer 208 used for counting down to the point where
device 20 is to enter a low power mode, in effect shutting it down.
A treatment timer 212 and a power counter 216 are also maintained
to track the amount of time and power that has been delivered in a
given cycle. Control mechanism 300 also maintains logging data
which contains information about the usage of device 20, that can
be used in making determinations about the efficacy of the
treatments used and the maintenance of device 20. For example,
logging data can comprise logging variables that include counters
for counting the duration that LED array 328 has been activated,
causing an alarm to be delivered if LED array 328 have been used
for ninety percent of their useful life, reminding the user to
replace the faceplate. In another example, a doctor could monitor a
patient's use of the device by examining the logging variable that
tracks how long device 20 has been used since a particular date.
The device can be disabled after it has reached the end of its
useful life cycle, for example, after 2000 hours. In this
embodiment logging data are maintained in flash memory 304. In
other embodiments, logging data could be maintained in a separate
storage device dedicated to storing these variables such as an
additional flash-memory unit or an EEMPROM. These and other
variations are within the scope of the invention.
[0076] Referring to FIG. 9, a method for delivering a treatment
regimen is indicated generally at 400. In order to assist in the
explanation of the method, it will be assumed that method 400 is
performed using device 20. Furthermore, the following discussion of
method 400 will lead to a further understanding of device 20 and
its various components. (However, it is to be understood that
device 20 and/or method 400 can be varied, and need not work
exactly as discussed herein in conjunction with each other, and
that such variations are within the scope of the invention).
[0077] The current performance of method 400 is initiated by
pressing switch 35 to turn the device on while device 20 is in a
low power mode. Referring to FIG. 9, at step 410, a determination
is made whether switch 35 has been pressed. While in low power
mode, device 20 loops through step 410 continuously. Hence, when
switch 35 is pressed, the determination is made that switch 35 was
pressed, and, accordingly, method 400 advances to step 420.
[0078] At step 420, device 20 is initialized. In this example,
variables maintained by device 20 are set up in RAM 308 and
initialized. For example, timer variable 208 that counts down to a
time when device 20 is to enter a low power mode is set to 300,
meaning that 300 seconds remains to power down. The value of power
down timer 208 is decremented in the background throughout the
performance of method 400 Treatment timer 212 and power counter 216
are set to zero since the treatment has not started at this point.
In addition, logging variables are also moved to RAM 308 and
initialized with the values currently stored in flash memory 304 so
that they can be updated, as appropriate, during this activation of
device 20. Moreover, a checksum of flash memory 304 is performed in
the usual manner to check for proper operation.
[0079] Moving to step 430, the type of container 36 present in
device 20 is determined. In this embodiment, step 430 is performed
by having processor 44 read the electrical coding 50 set into
container 36 through sensors 58. In this example, it will be
assumed that container 36 is filled with benzoyl peroxide with a
concentration of 5% and that the container code is 5. Also, at this
step, power LED 316 is set to green indicating normal operation of
the unit. Furthermore, any output to speaker 320 is discontinued to
turn off any ongoing alarms.
[0080] Continuing with the performance of method 400, at step 440,
a determination is made as to the type of faceplate 23 that is
present on device 20. This, is accomplished by having processor 44
detect the presence of an EEPROM, through connector 52, using a
presence pulse or other suitable known methods. In this example, as
discussed above, it is assumed that faceplate 23 does contain an
EEPROM 312. Accordingly, step 460 is performed.
[0081] At step 460, treatment regimen data is retrieved. In this
example, record 204 is retrieved by processor 44, from EEPROM 312.
Specifically, processor 44 moves the record 204 to RAM 308 for use
during the delivery of the treatment. In other embodiments where
faceplate 23 can be used with more than one treatment regimen, the
user can be presented with a selection of regimens available and
asked to pick the one to be used. Subsequently, the record
associated with the selected regimen would be retrieved. For
example, the selection can be made by pressing switch 35 a
prescribed number of times. These and other such embodiments are
within the scope of the invention.
[0082] At step 470, the contents of record 204 are validated. In
this embodiment, the validation is performed by ensuring that the
fields of record 204 are not blank. In other embodiments, other
methods of data validation can be used. For example, a separate
database could be maintained in ROM 304 or EEPROM 312 specifying
valid ranges of values for the fields of a record. Each record can
then be validated against this second database. In this example, it
is assumed that the record 204 contains valid data. As part of the
validation step, the type of container detected at step 430 is
compared to Field 9 of record 204 which specifies compatible
containers. In this example, Field 9 has a value of five which is
the container code detected at step 430. Accordingly, container 36
is deemed compatible with faceplate 23.
[0083] Continuing with the performance of method 400, at step 480,
the capacity of RAM 308 is determined. If RAM 308 is full, namely
no free memory remains to be used during the delivery of the
treatment regimen, processor 44 generates an alarm by sending a
signal to power LED 316 causing it to turn yellow and flash. In
this example, it is assumed that there is memory remaining for use,
and hence, no alarm is generated. As it is now apparent to those
skilled in the art, different criteria can be used in determining
the capacity of RAM 304. For example, in other embodiments, an
alarm can be generated if greater than a certain percentage, such
as greater than ninety five percent, of RAM 304 is occupied. These
and other variations are within the scope of the invention.
[0084] At step 490, the presence of a connection to a local
computer is detected. In this embodiment, processor 44 determines,
in the usual manner, whether a computing device 74 is attached to
the RS-232 port of device 20. In the present embodiment it is
assumed that a device is attached. Accordingly, step 495 is
performed.
[0085] At step 495, logging data are uploaded to computing device
74, freeing the corresponding space in flash memory 304. In this
example, processor 44 removes the logging data from flash memory
304, and transfers it to computing device 74 through port 324. In
other embodiments, other events in addition to the detection of
computing device can be added to initiate uploading of logging data
to computing device 74. For example, a user at computing device 74
can be asked to initiate uploading by providing a command such as a
mouse click, at computing device 74. Alternatively, device 20 can
deliver an alarm to the user when the presence of computing device
74 is detected and wait for a response from the user in the form of
pressing switch 35. These and other such embodiments are within the
scope of the invention.
[0086] At step 500 a determination is made whether switch 35 has
been pressed. Pressing switch 35 allows the treatment to begin.
Otherwise, method 400 loops through step 500 until switch 35 is
pressed. In this example, it is assumed that switch 35 is pressed,
indicating that the treatment is to begin.
[0087] Continuing with method 400, at step 510, the properties of
irradiance to be delivered is determined. To determine the
properties of irradiance, the type of energy source on faceplate 23
is determined. In this embodiment, the type of energy source on
faceplate 23 is an LED array 328, as discussed above. Processor 44
determines the presence of LED array 328 from Field 10 of record
204. Moreover, based on Field 8 of record 204, processor 44 sets
the form of activation for LED array 328 to be either in the form
of a pulse wave (PW) or a continuous wave (CW). In this example, a
pulse wave at a rate of forty Hertz is used. In other embodiments
other methods could be used for detecting the type of energy source
and the form of activation. For example, control mechanism 300 can
check the voltage across the connection to the energy source and
make a determination based on the voltage value read. In yet other
embodiments, the user can manually specify the activation form.
These and other similar embodiments are within the scope of the
invention.
[0088] Continuing with step 510, using record 204, target
irradiance power, initial operating period and LED efficiency for
LED 328 are obtained from Fields 5, 2 and 3 respectively of record
204. In this example target irradiance power for a cycle is about
thirty J, the initial operating period is about ninety seconds, and
the LED efficiency is about 12 mW/25 mA. Based on these values, the
initial operating current is calculated. In this example, the
initial operating current is chosen such that LED array 328 can
deliver about thirty mJ in about ninety seconds. It is assumed that
in this case, the initial operating current is calculated to be
about 25 mA.
[0089] Having determined the properties of irradiance, at step 520
the user is warned that container 36 is to be activated. In this
example, processor 44 delivers signals to power LED 316 and speaker
320 changing the color of power LED 316 to green and sounding two
long beep tones. Processor 44 then causes a two second delay before
continuing with method 400. As it is now apparent to those skilled
in the art, in other embodiments, user warnings can be varied
according to a number of criteria such as the amount of attention
that needs to be drawn to the activation of pump 36, and the time
necessary to prep the start of the treatment from the time switch
35 is pressed.
[0090] Continuing with method 400 at step 530, container 36 is
activated. Control mechanism 300 activates container 36 by sending
a signal to pump driver 344, which causes a certain amount of
material 38 contained in container 36 to be pumped out. The number
of activations or pulses is determined according to Field 8 of
record 204. In this example, activation is for three pulses in
accordance with the example record shown in Table I. In other
embodiments, container 36 can be activated manually. For example,
device 20 can generate a long beep for each manual activation to
enable a user to release the correct amount of material 38
manually. In further embodiments, device 20 may be operated without
the requirement of any material 38. These and other such
embodiments are within the scope of the invention.
[0091] At step 540 the user is warned that energy source 30 is to
be activated. In this example, processor 44 delivers a signal to
speaker 320 sounding three long beep tones. Processor 44 then
causes a two second delay before proceeding with method 400. As it
is apparent to those skilled in the art, in other embodiments, user
warnings can be varied according to a number of criteria such as
the amount of attention that needs to be drawn to the start of the
treatment, and the time necessary to prep the start of the
treatment from the time switch 35 is pressed. Following the two
second delay, the energy source is activated, signifying the start
of the treatment cycle. In this embodiment, LED array 328 is
activated by a driver current originating from energy source driver
336 of control mechanism 300. Moreover, cycle timer 212 is
initialized to a value of zero.
[0092] At step 550 temperature reading is obtained from faceplate
23. In this example, processor 44 obtains a temperature reading
from temperature sensing device 332. In this example, it is assumed
that the reading is about forty one and a half degrees
centigrade.
[0093] At step 570, cycle timer 212 is updated to reflect the
amount of time that LED array 328 has been active so far during
this cycle. Moreover, the power delivered so far in the cycle is
updated by updating power counter 216. Prior to that, at step 560,
a determination is made whether the temperature is within limits.
In this example, the temperature reading obtained is compared to
the upper and lower limits specified in fields 6 and 7 of record
204. Accordingly, a determination is made that the temperature is
not within limits, and the drive level for LED array 328 is
adjusted. Specifically, in this example, at step 565, array drive
current and the duration of the cycle are adjusted. If the
temperature read is too high, as it is in this case, LED array 328
drive current is reduced and cycle time is increased. If the
temperature read is too low, LED array 328 drive current is
increased and cycle time is decreased. As it is now apparent to
those skilled in the art, these changes are done to maintain
substantially the same target power delivery during a cycle while
maintaining temperatures within specified limits. For example,
where the temperature is too high, as it is in this example,
reducing the drive current to LED array 328 reduces the heat
output, allowing the heat to dissipate more readily. However, since
the cycle time is increased, overall power delivered during the
cycle can remain the same.
[0094] Continuing with method 400, at step 580, a determination is
made as to whether the regimen is completed. In this example, the
value of timer variable 212 is compared to the duration of cycles
specified in Field 3 of record 204. If the cycle timer value is
less, then the process is not complete, and method 400 loops back
to step 550. In other embodiments other methods of determining the
completion of the regimen can be used. For example, the power
delivery can be used as a basis of determining a regimen's
completion, deeming a regimen complete only if the target power has
been delivered according to power counter 216. This and other such
embodiments are within the scope of the invention. At this point in
this example, it will be assumed that the cycle is not complete,
causing step 550 to be performed again.
[0095] Continuing with the performance of method 400, after several
performances of the loop that starts at step 550, a determination
is made that the cycle is complete. Accordingly, step 590 is
performed. At this step, the user is warned of the cycle's
completion by sounding a four beep alarm through speaker 320. At
step 590, the treatment is terminated. LED array 328 is turned off
by cutting off its driving current. Device 20 is powered down and
enters the low power mode where it awaits switch 35 to be pressed,
at which point method 400 is performed again starting at step
410.
[0096] Performing method 400 using different embodiments of device
20 can result in performances that proceed differently than the
example performance discussed above. For example, as shown in FIG.
12, method 400 can be performed by a device 20a to which a
different faceplate, faceplate 23a that does not include an EEPROM
312. In this case, a resistor 348a is present on faceplate 23 to
identify the type of faceplate. Device 20a is otherwise
substantially the same as device 20 except that the reference
numbers of components of device 20a include the suffix "a".
Performance of method 400 using device 20a leads to several
variations from the first example performance. One variation is
that, at step 440, an EEPROM will not be detected, causing step 450
to be performed in place of step 460. At step 450, the type of
faceplate is detected. The electrical coding used is in the form of
a different voltage corresponding to different resistors used for
faceplate types. Accordingly, data corresponding to record 204a is
retrieved, by processor 44, in accordance with the faceplate type
detected at step 450. Moreover, the record is retrieved from
database 200a rather than from an EEPROM since there is no EEPROM
present on faceplate 23a. The retrieved data is moved to RAM 308a
for use during the delivery of the treatment.
[0097] Performing method 400 using device 20 which is at different
operational states can also result in performances of method 400
that proceed differently than the example performance discussed
above. For example, data contained in database 200 can be
corrupted. Accordingly, at step 470 the data is determined to be
invalid. Thus, step 475 is performed and an auditory alarm is sent
to speaker 320, while power led 316 is signaled to turn red and
flash. Following the alarm, method 400 advances to step 410 to
determine whether the user has responded to the alarm by pressing
switch 35 (for example, in response to the alarm, the user can
reattach faceplate 23 to correct problems originating from
improperly attached faceplate, or swap faceplates to correct
problems originating from faulty faceplates). If so, method 400 is
performed again, going through the same initialization and
detection steps that brought method 400 to the validation step
during the initial performance of method 400 that generated the
alarm. If switch 35 is not pressed, processor 44 determines whether
it is in low power mode at step 411. If so, it loops back to step
411. Otherwise, processor 44 determines whether it is time to enter
a low power mode by first retrieving the value of timer variable
204 determining whether it has reached a value of zero at step 412.
If it is determine that it is time to enter low power mode, device
20 enters the low power mode at step 413 until switch 35 is
pressed. Otherwise, method 400 loops through steps 410, 411, and
412 until it is time to enter the low power mode or until switch 35
is pressed.
[0098] The device, method, and the material described herein can be
used in combination with a medicament, active ingredient, or
supplement.
[0099] For example, an acne treatment or prevention regimen using
benzoyl peroxide and/or salicylic acid can comprise the application
of a composition comprising benzoyl peroxide and/or salicylic acid
to the affected area twice daily. The composition can comprise from
about 0.5% to about 10% of benzoyl peroxide and/or salicylic acid,
more preferably from about 0.8% to about 7% of benzoyl peroxide
and/or salicylic acid, and even more preferably from about 1.0% to
about 6.5% of benzoyl peroxide and/or salicylic acid by weight or
volume is applied to the area of skin to be treated. The treatment
can comprise starting with a composition comprising about 5% of
benzoyl peroxide and/or salicylic acid and decreasing the dose in
subsequent treatments to about 1 or 2% benzoyl peroxide and/or
salicylic acid. Material 38 is then applied to the skin, and the
skin is subsequently exposed to an energy source for a duration of
time. Alternatively, material 38 can be applied to the skin before
the composition.
[0100] According to another example of a method for treating or
preventing acne of the present invention, material 38 itself
comprises benzoyl peroxide and/or salicylic acid. Material 38 can
comprise from about 0.5% to about 10% of benzoyl peroxide and/or
salicylic acid, more preferably from about 0.8% to about 7% of
benzoyl peroxide and/or salicylic acid, and even more preferably
from about 1.0% to about 6.5% of benzoyl peroxide and/or salicylic
acid by weight or volume. The treatment can comprise starting with
material 38 comprising about 5% of benzoyl peroxide and/or
salicylic acid and decreasing the dose in subsequent treatments to
about 1 or 2% benzoyl peroxide and/or salicylic acid. The skin is
subsequently exposed to the therapy device for a desired duration
of time.
[0101] For the purposes of this example, the therapy device can be
set to electromagnetic radiation in the range of about 380 to about
460 nm, more preferably in the range of about 395 to about 430 nm,
and even more preferably in the range of about 405 to about 425 nm.
The electromagnetic radiation can be about 415 nm. The device can
alternatively or additionally comprise electromagnetic radiation in
the range of about 460 to about 900 nm, more preferably in the
range of about 550 to about 900 nm, and even more preferably in the
range of about 570 to about 850 nm. The electromagnetic radiation
can be about 630 nm.
[0102] The method for treating acne according to the present
invention wherein material 38 comprises a desired amount of benzoyl
peroxide and/or salicylic acid can be carried out about once a
week, about once a day, or multiple times a day. Most preferably,
the methods are carried out about once a day. The energy source can
be applied to each section of the skin to be treated for a duration
in the range of about 10 seconds to about 60 minutes, more
preferably in the range of about 30 seconds to about 30 minutes,
and even more preferably in the range of about 60 seconds to about
10 minutes each time the method is carried out. The duration can be
about 90 seconds long. The dose received by each section of the
skin to be treated can be in the range of about 5 Joules to about
60 Joules, more preferably in the range of about 10 Joules to about
50 Joules, and more preferably in the range of about 20 Joules to
about 40 Joules. The dose can be about 30 Joules. The treatment can
be applied for a period of about 1 to about 12 weeks, more
preferably in the range of about 3 weeks to about 10 weeks, and
most preferably in the range of about 6 weeks to about 8 weeks
depending on the need of the individual. The treatment can also be
applied, for the treatment of acne, by applying a treatment regimen
by treating the face or affected area one to two times per day for
one to two weeks, or until the bacteria populations are reduced to
a desirable level, and then applying a maintenance regimen of one
to two times per week.
[0103] However, depending on the severity and/or nature of the
ailment and particular properties of the user's skin, much less
time and/or total dose can be required.
[0104] It will be understood that other medicaments, active
ingredients, or supplements can be used for the treatment or
prevention of other indications using the device and material
described herein.
[0105] It will be understood that medicaments, active ingredients,
or supplements currently used, when used in conjunction with the
device, material and methods of the present invention, can
demonstrate an increase in effectiveness and therefore less of the
medicament, active ingredient, or supplement and/or a shorter
treatment time can be required to achieve a desirable result. For
example, blue light (between 405 to 425 nanometers) can be absorbed
by the skin and warm the skin sufficiently to increase the
effectiveness of peroxide used for the treatment or prevention of
acne. In such a case, the amount of peroxide or the duration of
application of the peroxide currently recommended may be
advantageously decreased. The blue light can also provide a
synergistic effect by also being detrimental to the survival of any
acne-causing bacteria residing on the skin. As is known in the art,
P. acnes absorbs light from the ultraviolet region to about 430 nm,
and also absorbs light at about 630 nm. Blue light phototherapy
works for a majority of patients with P. Acne vulgaris. The
bacteria is made up of an endogenous porphyrin which is a naturally
occurring photosensitizer. This photosensitizer absorbs the blue
light energy between about 405 to about 425 nanometers and forms a
singlet oxygen which simply destroys the bacteria cell. Light
administered to the skin at these wavelengths is usually absorbed
by the epidermis and can penetrate it to a depth of at least about
1 mm.
[0106] The device, material, and methods of the present invention
can also be used for photorejuvenation therapy. Photorejuvenation
therapy can involve, for example, using the device with
electromagnetic radiation including dominant emissions in the range
of about 500 nm to about 1000 nm, more preferably in the range of
about 550 nm to about 900 nm and even more preferably in the range
of about 570 nm to about 650 nm. Most preferably dominant
electromagnetic emissions are used at about 580 nm, about 630 mm,
about 633 nm, about 660 nm, and/or emissions from in the range of
about 800 nm to about 900 nm. The device can be further adapted to
provide ultrasound or microwave energy which can have the effect of
reducing inflammation, promoting cell repair, decreasing the
appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, reducing pore size, reducing
redness and improving skin texture. Alternatively, such ultrasound
or microwave energy can be applied separately from the application
of the device.
[0107] The device, material, and methods of the present invention
can also be used to treat cellulite. The treatment of cellulite can
involve, for example, using the device with electromagnetic
radiation including dominant emissions in the range of about 500 nm
to about 900 nm, more preferably in the range of about 550 nm to
about 800 nm and even more preferably in the range of about 650 nm
to about 750 nm. Other preferred electromagnetic radiation sources
to treat cellulite include laser energy or LED energy at about 810
mm, or a combination of radiofrequency and infrared radiation. It
will be noted that if laser energy or other potentially harmful
radiation sources are used, the treatment may need to be supervised
by a medical professional. The length of the treatments for
cellulite can be in the range of about 10 seconds to about 180
minutes, more preferably in the range of about 20 seconds to about
60 minutes, and even more preferably in the range of about 30
seconds to about 10 minutes.
[0108] Depending on the ailment under treatment, parameters such as
the frequency of treatments, the number of repetitions, and the
duration of pulses can be adjusted so that the patient receives a
total dose in the treated section of the skin of, for example, in
the range of about 50 milliJ to about 160 J, more preferably in the
range of about 500 milliJ to about 80 J and even more preferably in
the range of about 1 J to about 50 J.
[0109] It will be recognized by those skilled in the art that the
amount of pigment in a user's skin can affect the duration and/or
intensity required for treatments using the device and material of
the present invention. For example, the amount of pigment in skin
is directly proportional to absorption of light at the surface of
the skin. Therefore, there can be more absorption of light at the
surface of darker skin types at depths of, for example, about 1-2
mm, and less penetration of light to depths of, for example, about
3-4 mm, as compared to fairer skin types. For treatments where
deeper penetration is desired, duration and/or intensity of
treatments can have to be increased for darker skin types.
[0110] The device and materials of the present invention can be
used with treatment regimens known in the art. Any adjustments
required to known treatment regimens would be apparent to those
skilled in the art and should not require undue experimentation.
The device and materials of the present invention can be used to
treat such ailments as acne, arthritic pain, chronic pain, carpel
tunnel syndrome, cellular damage, soft tissue injury, TMJ, diabetic
neuropathy, neuralgia, aging skin, eczema, rosacia, actinic
keratoses, seasonally affected disorder, inflammation, fine lines
and wrinkles, cellulite, mucositis (oral mucosa), psoriasis, oral
candida, oral cancer, wounds, soft tissue injuries such as
capsulitis, bursitis, sprains, strains, hematomas and tendinitis,
acute and chronic joint problems such as osteoarthritis, rheumatoid
arthritis and ligament and tendon injuries, tendinitis, chronic
pain such as post herpetic neuralgia, chronic back and neck pain,
metatarsalgia, trigeminal neuralgia, brachial neuralgia, plantar
fasciitis, and cellular damage.
[0111] Therapy using electromagnetic radiation can also be used to
treat non-union and small bone fractures, herpes, apthous ulcers,
leg ulcers, dermatitis, wound healing, burns, acute epididymitis,
otorhinolaragngology, gynecology, obstetrics, superficial AP
stimulation and tonification, cosmetic imperfections, among other
things.
[0112] The device and materials of the present invention can be
used to generally improve the appearance of skin. Any improvement
of the appearance of skin can be temporary or somewhat permanent
and can be measured in such terms as skin glow, clarity, texture,
and smoothness.
[0113] In yet other variations, the contents of EEPROM 312 can be
used for updating database 200. As an example, database 200 can be
maintained in a separate persistent storage device such as Flash
RAM or a hard drive included in device 20. Accordingly, persistent
storage device can be updated with the contents of EEPROM 312, once
faceplate 23 including EEPROM 312 is attached to device 20.
[0114] In yet other variations, control mechanism 300 can be
implemented using different elements. For example, operations in
control mechanism 300 can be carried out using an analog control
circuit. In yet other variations, a programmable logic array (PLA)
or a custom designed processor can be used as a processor 44. In
further variations, other types of controller can be used as
processor 44. In yet other variations, flash memory 304 can be
replaced by a non volatile storage device such as an EEPROM, a read
only memory (ROM), or a hard drive. In yet other variations, flash
memory could be used in place of RAM 308. Moreover, storage devices
included, such as EEPROM, ROM, RAM, hard drives, Flash RAM and
others, could be removable such that the storage devices can be
exchanged for updating the information accessible to device 20. In
other variations, power driver 344 can be part of control mechanism
300. Moreover, different input and output devices can be used in
place of a switch 35, power LED 316 and speaker 320. For example,
different types of lights or multiple lights can be used in place
of power LED 320. Speaker 320 can be replaced with a vibrator, or
other device capable of getting a user's attention. Switch 35 can
take the form of a push button switch or a touch sensitive
switch.
[0115] In other variations, record 204 can be accessed directly
from EEPROM 312 or flash-memory 304 during the operation of device
20, without the need to move the data into RAM 308. In yet other
variations, only a portion of the data corresponding to a record or
multiple records can be present in EEPROM 312, the remainder being
contained in database 200. In further variations, a control
mechanism can also reside on faceplate 23, allowing the performance
of method 460 or part thereof on faceplate 23.
[0116] In other variations, Method 400 can be altered such that
different number of beeps, and light signals and wait times are
used for informing the user of warnings and alarms. For example,
additional LEDs can be used in place of sound alarms. Or different
types of lights and colors can be used. Intensity, instead of color
of LEDs can be altered or different color changes can be used.
Duration of waits times can also vary.
[0117] Referring now to FIGS. 13-16, various embodiments of
improvements to the design of head 22 and related method are
depicted. Such improvements are provided to reduce the likelihood
of a user being harmfully exposed to radiation emanating from head
22 and to improve the functionality of the device. It will be
understood that head 22 as depicted in any one of FIGS. 13-14 is
intended to be incorporated as part of the therapy device 20 and
utilized as part of the method 400 described earlier and shown in
the Figures (subject to certain modifications where applicable as
described below). The improvements depicted in FIGS. 13-16 may also
be incorporated into other devices and methods where it is
desirable for instance to limit certain operations of the device.
The description provided herein is in no way intended to limit
application to such other devices.
[0118] A more detailed description of the improvements depicted in
FIGS. 13-16 is provided below. Corresponding reference numerals are
used to refer to corresponding elements of the head 22 as described
above.
[0119] In each of FIGS. 13-14 head 22 includes an outer surface 26,
one or more apertures 28 for allowing the distribution of material
38 through outer surface 26 and energy source 30 for emitting
electromagnetic radiation. Head 22 further includes substrate 57
which may comprise a printed circuit board (PCB) or an equivalent
functional structure. PCB 57 has a surface that can reflect energy
emitted from energy source 30. Such a surface may be constructed by
covering or coating the top of PCB 57 with reflective material such
as a white colored material where the energy source 30 emits
electromagnetic radiation within the visible spectrum, a gold
colored material where the energy source emits electromagnetic
radiation within the infrared spectrum or a silver colored material
where the energy source emits electromagnetic radiation within the
ultraviolet spectrum. While the depicted embodiment includes outer
surface 26 it will be understood that head 22 may be used without
outer surface 26 or without material 38.
[0120] In a preferred embodiment, head 22 is comprised of faceplate
23 and baseplate 25 with faceplate 23 being depicted in FIGS.
13-14. In other embodiments, faceplate 23 and baseplate 25 may be
integrally formed as part of a uniform structure for head 22. For
convenience, the term head 22 will be used with the understanding
that the embodiment may be either a head 22 or a faceplate 23
portion of head 22.
[0121] In each of FIGS. 13A-13E, head 22 further includes a
proximity sensor 600 and a radiation shield 602. Proximity sensor
600 operates to signal proximity of the head 22 to the skin in
order to safely control activation of the energy sources 30.
Further description of different embodiments of proximity sensor
600 is provided below. Radiation shield 602 surrounds the energy
sources 30 in order to reduce the likelihood of radiation emanating
from the sides of the head 22 and to reflect energy emitted from
energy source 30. As shown in FIG. 14a, radiation shield 602 may be
constructed by covering or coating the side portions of faceplate
23 with reflective and opaque material 602a. Alternatively, as
depicted in FIG. 14b, the radiation shield can be constructed from
a material 602b, separate from and disposed within head 22.
Radiation shield 602 may be formed of an opaque plastic or any
other material that is suitable for shielding radiation from being
transmitted from the sides of the head 22. Moreover, the material
forming reflective shield 602 can also be reflective, such as a
white colored plastic where the energy sources 30 emit
electromagnetic radiation within the visible spectrum, a gold
colored material where the energy source emits electromagnetic
radiation within the infrared spectrum or a silver colored material
where the energy source emits electromagnetic radiation within the
ultraviolet spectrum.
[0122] Accordingly, the reflective surface of PCB 57 in combination
with the reflective surface of radiation shield 602 can achieve
radiation recycling, increasing the treatment fluence by up to 300%
to 400 % in comparison to that when no reflective surfaces are
present. Moreover, index matching may also increase fluence by
another 20%
[0123] Referring back to FIG. 13A, one embodiment of proximity
sensor 600 operates electro-mechanically. Accordingly, the pressure
of applying faceplate 23 to the treatment surface is detected and
used in controlling the activation of energy sources 30. The
pressure detection can be achieved by placing a pressure sensing
device between the displaceable face plate 23 and PCB 57. In one
embodiment, the pressure detection could be implemented by using a
boss extension 604 and a resilient or spring loaded push button
switch 606 which is electrically connected to control mechanism
300. When the faceplate 23 is placed into contact with a surface
such as skin, boss extension 604 is displaced towards push button
switch 606 and push button switch 606 generates a signal in
response to the displacement. Push button switch is attached to PCB
57, and through the circuitry in PCB 57 is in communication with
control mechanism 300 and processor 44.
[0124] It will also be understood that although a push button
switch 606 is identified, other electro-mechanical switches may be
utilized such as a strain gauge or a pressure sensitive film or
touch plate located on outer surface 26 or on an outer edge 608 of
radiation shield 602.
[0125] Referring to FIG. 13B, another embodiment of proximity
sensor 600 operates by measuring resistance. A conductive material
618 such as a conductive polymer is applied to outer surface 26
and/or outer edge 608 of radiation shield 602 and a lead 619
extends between conductive material 618 and the PCB 57, and
accordingly, through the circuitry contained within PCB 57,
establish an electrical connection with processor 44. In a
preferred embodiment, the conductive polymer applied includes at
least two contacts 620 which draw power from lead 619. It is
typically considered that 10 contacts would be adequate. The
contacts are located so as to not obstruct the delivered radiance,
although in some embodiments some obstruction may occur. Contacts
616 are biased with a Safety Extra Low Voltage (SELV) voltage and
can allow a current to pass between each adjacent contact 620 along
conductive material 618. The optionally present current can be as
small as 10uA to avoid any uncomfortable electrical sensations by
the user when their skin is in contact with the head 22.
[0126] When head 22 engages or is proximate to a skin surface,
resistance between contacts 620 changes as a result of the
resistance impacted by the skin. Accordingly, a voltage drop is
experienced, the drop in voltage being detectable by processor 44
which is in communication with the contacts 620 Thus, processor 44
can monitor, in a manner that is known to those skilled in the art,
the voltage being received from the contacts 620 and activate or
deactivate the supply of energy to energy sources 30
accordingly.
[0127] Referring to FIG. 13C, another embodiment of proximity
sensor 600 operates by measuring capacitance. Proximity sensor 600
includes antenna 630 or other capacitive sensor (which may be a
wire or another suitable conductive material) that is moulded into
or fastened to outer surface 26 or to outer edge 608 of face plate
23. In this embodiment, the proximity sensor 600 includes a sensing
circuitry that is in communication with processor 44. Sensing
circuitry can cause a constant voltage to be applied to the antenna
620 and detect any changes in capacitance in a manner that is known
to those skilled in the art. For example, as described in the QT113
data sheet by Quantum Research Group, "Kirchoff's Current Law" can
be used to detect the change in capacitance of the electrode or
antenna. According to the Kirchoff's Current law, as applied to
capacitive sensing, the antennae 630's field current completes a
loop, returning back to its source in order for capacitance to be
sensed; thus the Kirchoff's Current Law applies to capacitive field
flows. By implication, the signal ground and the target object both
are coupled together in some manner for a capacitive sensor to
operate. Although actual hardwired ground connections do work
capacitive coupling to ground is also possible.
[0128] The sensing circuitry can use bursts of charge-transfer
cycles to acquire a signal. The antenna or external electrode acts
as a sense capacitor and this capacitance is compared to an
internal fixed capacitor using capacitance charge methods.
[0129] When the head 22 is positioned against or proximate to a
skin surface, the skin causes a disturbance in the capacitive field
around the antenna 630, and a signal is transmitted by the sensing
circuitry to processor 44, which can then cause the activation or
deactivation of the energy source 30 accordingly.
[0130] Referring to FIG. 13D, another embodiment of proximity
sensor 600 operates by using optical or sonar means for detecting
proximity to a skin surface. Proximity sensor 600 includes receiver
640 and transmitter 642 which are both electrically connected to
the circuitry included in PCB 57. Transmitter 642 emits a light or
sound signal that reflects off a skin surface and is received by
the receiver 640. Receiver 640 communicates with processor 44 via
the circuitry included in PCB 57 to activate or deactivate the
supply of energy to the energy sources 30 in accordance with a
predetermined proximity to the skin.
[0131] Transmitter 642 emits light or sound that is preferably
undetectable to the human eye or ear and does not cause injury or
discomfort to the human eye or ear. Transmitter 642 may for
instance emit light in any range, but is optimally configured to
transmit in the infra-red range, known to those skilled in the art
to be between 800-950 nm. Receiver 640 may then, for instance, be
optimally configured to respond only to light in the range emitted
by the transmitter 642, and is not responsive to the light emitted
by energy source 30. As understood by those of ordinary skill in
the art, the detector 640 may be configured to indicate the
presence of the skin within a predetermined distance. Such distance
is optimally between 0.5-10 cm.
[0132] Referring to FIG. 13E, another embodiment of proximity
sensor 600 operates by measuring temperature. Proximity sensor 600
includes thermal conductor 651 and thermal transducer 653 (or
conductor 51 and transducer 53 as described earlier) disposed on or
in outer surface 26 or outer edge 608 of radiation shield 602. When
head 22 is proximate to or engaged with the skin, thermal conductor
651 will conduct heat either away from or towards the thermal
transducer 653. When a sufficient amount of heat is displaced,
thermal transducer 653 provides a signal to PCB 57 to activate or
deactivate the supply of energy to energy source 30.
[0133] As known to those skilled in the art, thermal transducer 653
can be configured to provide the signal to processor 44 when
various changes in temperature are detected, such change being
detected over a given amount of time. Optimally, thermal transducer
653 is responsive to small temperature changes in a short amount of
time, such temperature change optimally being between [1-3 degrees]
and such time being between [0.1-2.0 seconds].
[0134] Referring now to FIG. 15, a block diagram of certain
components of device 20b are shown according to an embodiment of
the invention. In this embodiment, device 20b includes a proximity
sensor 600 on faceplate 23b. Proximity sensor 600 is present on
faceplate 23b to help control the activation of the energy sources
30 based on a proximity of faceplate 23 to a treatment surface such
as the skin. Device 20b is otherwise substantially the same as
device 20 except that the reference numbers of components of device
20b include the suffix "b". Proximity sensor 600 is operably
connected to control mechanism 300, and is thus operable to
transmit signals to processor 44b, the signals being interpretable
by processor 44b and corresponding to the proximity of faceplate 23
to a treatment surface. As described above, in some embodiments,
proximity sensor 600 can include additional sensor circuitry to
facilitate the detection and transmission of signals.
[0135] Referring to FIG. 16, a method for proximity controlled
activation of energy sources 30b is indicated generally at 1600. In
order to assist in the explanation of the method, it will be
assumed that method 1600 is performed using device 20b.
Furthermore, the following discussion of method 1600 will lead to a
further understanding of device 20b and its various components.
(However, it is to be understood that device 20b and/or method 1600
can be varied, and need not work exactly as discussed herein in
conjunction with each other, and that such variations are within
the scope of the invention).
[0136] Method 1600 is similar to method 400, except for the steps
with the reference numbers in the 600s or 700s. Specifically, steps
with the reference numbers in the 600s correspond to a compilation
of a number of steps in method 400, so compiled as to simplify the
illustration of method 1600. More specifically, step 601
corresponds to steps 480, 490, and 495 in method 400. Moreover, 602
corresponds to detection steps of 501, 502 and 503. in method 400.
Additionally, step 603 corresponds to steps 560 and 564 where the
current delivered to energy sources 30, as well as other parameters
are adjusted based on detected skin temperature and other measures
of power delivery.
[0137] Steps with reference numbers in the 700s are, on the other
hand, steps that are only found in method 1600 and are used in
implementing proximity controlled activation of energy sources 30.
Accordingly, the below description of method 1600 focuses on the
performance of these steps.
[0138] The current performance of method 1600 is initiated, in a
similar manner to the performance of method 400, by pressing switch
35b to turn the device on while device 20 is in a low power mode.
It will now be apparent to those skilled in the art that steps of
method 1600 up until and including step 520 are substantially the
same as the corresponding steps of method 400 described above.
Thus, the description of the example performance of method 1600 is
continued at step 520, with the assumption that the example
performance of method 1600 up until step 520 is substantially the
same as the example performances of method 400 described
previously. Accordingly, at step 520 the user is warned that
container 36b is to be activated. In this example, processor 44b
delivers signals to power LED 316b and speaker 320b changing the
color of power LED 316b to green and sounding two long beep tones.
Processor 44b then causes a two second delay before continuing with
method 400. As it is now apparent to those skilled in the art, in
other embodiments, user warnings can be varied according to a
number of criteria such as the amount of attention that needs to be
drawn to the activation of pump 36b, and the time necessary to prep
the start of the treatment from the time switch 35b is pressed.
[0139] Continuing with method 1600, container 36b is activated.
This activation is performed only if the device 20b had not timed
out due to having been placed farther away for the treatment
surface then a desirable proximity, thus preventing the device from
delivering too much material 38b. Control mechanism 300b activates
container 36b by sending a signal to pump driver 344b, which causes
a certain amount of material 38 contained in container 36 to be
pumped out. The number of activations or pulses is determined
according to Field 8 of record 204b, as with the performance of
method 400. In this example, activation is for three pulses. In
other embodiments, container 36b can be activated manually. For
example, device 20b can generate a long beep for each manual
activation to enable a user to release the correct amount of
material 38b manually. In further embodiments, device 20b may be
operated without the requirement of any material 38b. These and
other such embodiments are within the scope of the invention.
[0140] At step 720, the user is warned that energy source 30b is to
be activated. In this example, processor 44b delivers a signal to
speaker 320b sounding two long beep tones. Processor 44b then
causes a one second delay before continuing with method 1600. As it
is apparent to those skilled in the art, in other embodiments, user
warnings can be varied according to a number of criteria such as
the amount of attention that needs to be drawn to the start of the
treatment, and the time necessary to prep the start of the
treatment from the time switch 35b is pressed. Following the two
second delay, the energy source is activated, signifying the start
of the treatment cycle. In this embodiment, LED array 328b is
activated by a driver current originating from energy source driver
336b of control mechanism 300b. Moreover, cycle timer 212b is
initialized to a value of zero.
[0141] At step 740, proximity sensor 600, being any proximity
sensor 600 including those disclosed and described according to
FIGS. 13A-13E, is monitored. If a desired proximity or engagement
with the user's skin is not detected by processor 44b, the method
continues to Step 750. Otherwise the method progresses to step 760,
the performance of which is described below. At Step 750, a timeout
counter maintained by control mechanism 300b is accessed by
processor 44b, the timeout counter having a value representative of
the amount of time the device 20b has been off the treatment
surface. This counter is compared, by processor 44, with a maximum
timeout variable maintained by control mechanism 300 and the value
stored by the maximum timeout variable representing the maximum
allowable time device 20b can be off the treatment surface. The
value contained the maximum timeout is configurable, but optimally
represents a time period in the range of 1-20 seconds. If the value
represented by the timeout counter is less than the value of the
maximum timeout variable, the method continues with step 740,
looping between steps 740 and 750 until either the device 20b is
brought within the desired proximity of the face or until the
counter exceeds the value in the maximum timeout variable, causing
a timeout to occur. If the device 20b is brought within the desired
proximity before a timeout occurs, the method continues at step 760
where the energy sources 30 are turned on, after which step 550 is
performed. Where a timeout occurs, the method continues to Step
590, where the device 20b is brought into the low power mode in a
manner as described previously.
[0142] At step 550 temperature reading is obtained from faceplate
23. In this example, processor 44b obtains a temperature reading
from temperature sensing device 332b. At step 603 the current
delivered to energy sources 30, as well as other parameters are
adjusted based on the detected skin temperature in a manner
described above during the example performance of steps 560 and 565
of method 400
[0143] Continuing with method 1600, at step 570, the necessary
internal parameters are adjusted to reflect the progress of
treatment delivery. At step 740, proximity sensor 600, being any
proximity sensor 600 including those disclosed and described
according to FIGS. 13A-13E, is monitored. If a desired proximity or
engagement with the user's skin is not detected by processor 44b,
the method continues to Step 750. Otherwise the method progresses
to step 580, where the completion of the treatment process is
determined. Where the method advances to step 750, the method loops
between steps 750 and 740, in the manner described above, until
either the device is brought within the desired proximity of the
treatment surface or until the device 20b is powered down due to a
timeout. The desired proximity range is adjustable by appropriately
configuring proximity sensor 600 and control mechanism 300 such
that when the treatment surface is at the desired proximity for the
treatment type being provided processor 44b can detect this
proximity by monitoring proximity sensor 600.
[0144] The above detailed description is of the best presently
contemplated mode of carrying out the invention. This description
is not to be taken in a limiting sense, but is made merely for the
purpose of illustrating the general principles of the invention.
The scope of the invention is best defined by the appended
claims.
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