U.S. patent application number 12/385778 was filed with the patent office on 2009-09-03 for glass substrate for information recording medium and magnetic information recording medium to which the glass substrate is applied.
This patent application is currently assigned to HOYA CORPORATION. Invention is credited to Mikio Ikenishi, Atsuko Morita, Xuelu Zou.
Application Number | 20090220824 12/385778 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 19007926 |
Filed Date | 2009-09-03 |
United States Patent
Application |
20090220824 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Ikenishi; Mikio ; et
al. |
September 3, 2009 |
Glass substrate for information recording medium and magnetic
information recording medium to which the glass substrate is
applied
Abstract
Disclosed are a glass substrate for an information recording
medium, having excellent scratch resistance and a light weight and
having high fracture toughness, the glass substrate having a
fragility index value, measured in water, of 12 .mu.m.sup.-1/2 or
less or having a fragility index value, measured in an atmosphere
having a dew point of -5.degree. C. or lower, of 7 .mu.m.sup.-1/2
or less, or the glass substrate comprising, by mol %, 40 to 75% of
SiO.sub.2, 2 to 45% of B.sub.2O.sub.3 and/or Al.sub.2O.sub.3 and 0
to 40% of R'.sub.2O in which R' is at least one member selected
from the group consisting of Li, Na and K), wherein the total
content of SiO.sub.2, B.sub.2O.sub.3, Al.sub.2O.sub.3 and R'.sub.2O
is at least 90 mol %, and a magnetic information recording medium
comprising a magnetic recording layer formed on the glass
substrate.
Inventors: |
Ikenishi; Mikio; (Tokyo,
JP) ; Morita; Atsuko; (Tokyo, JP) ; Zou;
Xuelu; (Tokyo, JP) |
Correspondence
Address: |
NIXON & VANDERHYE, PC
901 NORTH GLEBE ROAD, 11TH FLOOR
ARLINGTON
VA
22203
US
|
Assignee: |
HOYA CORPORATION
Tokyo
JP
|
Family ID: |
19007926 |
Appl. No.: |
12/385778 |
Filed: |
April 20, 2009 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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11434147 |
May 16, 2006 |
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12385778 |
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10810896 |
Mar 29, 2004 |
7090937 |
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11434147 |
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10156659 |
May 29, 2002 |
6818576 |
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10810896 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
428/846.9 |
Current CPC
Class: |
C03C 3/093 20130101;
G11B 5/73921 20190501; C03C 3/085 20130101; C03C 3/091 20130101;
C03C 3/064 20130101; B24B 37/042 20130101; C03C 19/00 20130101;
C03C 3/089 20130101; C03C 3/083 20130101; C03C 21/00 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
428/846.9 |
International
Class: |
G11B 5/62 20060101
G11B005/62 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
May 31, 2001 |
JP |
2001-165226 |
Claims
1.-14. (canceled)
15. A magnetic information recording medium comprising a magnetic
recording layer formed on a glass substrate for an information
recording medium, said glass substrate comprising, by mol %, 40 to
75% of SiO.sub.2, 2 to 15% of Al.sub.2O.sub.3, 0 to 25% of
B.sub.2O.sub.3, the total content of Al.sub.2O.sub.3 and
B.sub.2O.sub.3 being 2% or more, 12% or less of total RO in which R
is at least one member selected from the group consisting of Mg,
Ca, Zn, Sr and Ba, 10 to 25% of total R'.sub.2O in which R' is at
least one member selected from the group consisting of Li, Na and
K, 0 to 7% of TiO.sub.2 and 0 to 7% of ZrO.sub.2, the glass
substrate containing 10 to 18% of Li.sub.2O, 1 to 15% of Na.sub.2O
and 0 to 8% of K.sub.2O as R'.sub.2O, the total content of
SiO.sub.2, Al.sub.2O.sub.3, B.sub.2O.sub.3, RO and R'.sub.2O being
90% or more, the total content of RO and R'.sub.2O being 10 to
25%.
16. The magnetic information recording medium of claim 15, wherein
the glass substrate has a fragility index value, measured in an
atmosphere having a dew point of -5.degree. C. or lower, of 7
.mu.m.sup.-1/2 or less.
17. The magnetic information recording medium of claim 15, wherein
the glass substrate has a Young's modulus of at least 70 GPa.
18. The magnetic information recording medium of claim 15, wherein
the glass substrate has a modulus of rigidity of at least 20
GPa.
19. The magnetic information recording medium of claim 15, wherein
the glass substrate is made of a glass having a region wherein the
glass has a viscosity of at least 1 Pas, in a range of temperatures
equivalent to, and higher than, a liquidus temperature of the
glass.
20. The magnetic information recording medium of claim 15, wherein
the glass substrate is made of a glass having a thermal expansion
coefficient of 60.times.10.sup.-7/.degree. C. or greater at a
temperature of 100.degree. C. to 300.degree. C.
21. The magnetic information recording medium of claim 15, wherein
the glass substrate has no chemically strengthened layer.
22. The magnetic information recording medium of claim 15, wherein
the glass substrate has a chemically strengthened layer.
23. The magnetic information recording medium of claim 15, wherein
said glass substrate contains MgO and RO.
24. The magnetic information recording medium of claim 15 wherein
said glass substrate contains 1 mol % or more of MgO as RO.
25. The magnetic information recording medium of claim 23 or 24,
wherein said glass substrate contains 5 mol % or more of RO.
26. The magnetic information recording medium of claim 25, wherein
said glass substrate contains 1 to 5 mol % of Na.sub.2O.
27. The magnetic information recording medium of claim 26, wherein
said glass substrate contains 60 to 75 mol % of SiO.sub.2.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0001] 1. Field of the Invention
[0002] The present invention relates to a glass substrate for an
information recording medium and a magnetic information recording
medium to which the glass substrate is applied. More specifically,
the present invention relates to a glass substrate for an
information recording medium, which glass substrate is excellent in
scratch resistance and light in weight and has high fracture
toughness, and a magnetic information recording medium to which the
above glass substrate is applied, which medium is typified by a
hard disk drive.
[0003] 2. Prior Art of the Invention
[0004] Conventionally, aluminum, glass, ceramic, or the like is
used as a substrate material for a magnetic information recording
medium. At present, aluminum and glass are mainly practically used
depending upon a size and use. Of these, a glass substrate has no
or few surface defects and is excellent in smoothness and surface
hardness, so that the extent to which it is used is expanding year
after year. As a glass for use as a substrate for a magnetic
information recording medium, a chemically strengthened glass
according to an ion-exchange method, a glass ceramic, etc., are
known. As a chemically strengthened glass, for example,
JP-A-1-239036 discloses a chemically strengthened glass substrate
for a magnetic disk, which substrate is formed of a glass
containing, by weight %, 50 to 65% of SiO.sub.2, 0.5 to 14% of
Al.sub.2O.sub.3, 10 to 32% of R.sub.2O (in which R is an alkali
metal ion), 1 to 15% of ZnO and 1.1 to 14% of B.sub.2O.sub.3 and
having a compressive stress layer formed in the surface thereof by
an ion-exchange method. Further, as a crystallized glass, for
example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,391,522 discloses a glass ceramic
substrate for a magnetic disk, which glass ceramic substrate
contains, by weight %, 65 to 83% of SiO.sub.2, 8 to 13% of
Li.sub.2O, 0 to 7% of K.sub.2O, 0.5 to 5% of MgO, 0 to 5% of ZnO, 0
to 5% of PbO, provided that MgO+ZnO+PbO=0.5 to 5%, 1 to 4% of
P.sub.2O.sub.5, 0 to 7% of Al.sub.2O.sub.3 and 0 to 2% of
As.sub.2O.sub.3+Sb.sub.2O.sub.3, the above glass ceramic substrate
containing fine Li.sub.2O2SiO.sub.2 as a main crystal.
[0005] In recent years, however, an information recording device
such as a magnetic disk drive typified by a hard disk drive is
demanded to satisfy a higher recording density and a higher speed
of writing and reading data, so that it is required to increase the
rotation of a disk. The rotation of a disk is approximately 7,200
rpm at present, and it is expected that the rotation will be 15,000
rpm or larger in the future. In particular, a hard disk drive for a
server for processing a large volume of data will be particularly
increasingly required to satisfy such a demand. With an increase in
the rotation of a recording medium, however, the recording medium
is caused to bend and a resonance grows, so that there is increased
a risk that the surface of the recording medium collides with a
magnetic head to cause a read error or to cause clashing of the
magnetic head. In an existing recording medium, therefore, it is
difficult to decrease a distance (flying height) between the
magnetic head and the recording medium beyond a certain value, so
that the above risk is constituting a factor that inhibits an
increase in the recording density of a magnetic recording device.
The above bending-resonance problem of the recording medium can be
overcome by employing a substrate material having a high elastic
coefficient.
[0006] However, a conventional aluminum substrate has an elastic
coefficient of approximately 72 GPa, and a glass substrate has an
elastic coefficient of approximately 80 to 100 GPa, so that these
substrates cannot comply with an increase in the rotation. There is
therefore a trend toward increasing the thickness of a substrate to
comply with an increase in the rotation. An increase in the
thickness of a substrate involves an increase in weight, so that
the power consumption for an increase in the rotation increases.
Substrate materials having a smaller weight than an aluminum alloy
having a large density (2.76 g/cm.sup.3) are commercially demanded.
Further, since an aluminum substrate has a far lower surface
hardness than a glass substrate and is therefore liable to undergo
plastic deformation, so that the surface of a recording medium may
be dented due to a collision between a high-speed revolving
substrate and a magnetic head. A glass substrate is excellent over
an aluminum substrate in all of elastic coefficient, surface
hardness and surface smoothness. However, the glass substrate is
more fragile than the aluminum substrate, and a slight scratch
formed during its production steps leads to breakage of the glass
substrate. For example, when a glass is used for a magnetic disk
substrate, the formation of the magnetic disk requires many working
processes such as processing to form a circular form, making of a
center hole and processing of surfaces of inner and outer
circumferences. During the above processing steps, many scratches
that can be start points of fractures occur in a glass edge
portion, etc., and slight scratches that are formed not only during
the production step but also during handlings such as mounting of
the glass to a spindle, etc., may lead to the breakage of the
substrate. The above problem gains an importance with an increase
in the rotation of a magnetic disk. For overcoming these problems,
it comes to be required to provide a substrate glass having a small
density and having little or no susceptibility to scratches or a
substrate glass having high resistance to progress of glass
fracture, that is, high fracture toughness.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0007] Under the circumstances, it is an object of the present
invention to provide a glass substrate for an information recording
medium, which has a small density and has excellent scratch
resistance so that it is little or not at all susceptible to
scratches, and further, which has high resistance against progress
of fracture, that is, high fracture toughness, as well as a
magnetic information recording medium to which the above glass
substrate is applied.
[0008] For achieving the above object, the present inventors have
made diligent studies and as a result have found that a glass
substrate having a fragility index value, measured in water and/or
a dry atmosphere, of a certain value or smaller or a glass
substrate having a specific glass composition can suit the above
object as a glass substrate for an information recording medium,
and the present invention has been accordingly completed on the
basis of the above findings.
[0009] That is, the present invention provides:
[0010] (1) a glass substrate for an information recording medium,
having a fragility index value, measured in water, of 12
.mu.m.sup.-1/2 or less (to be referred to as "glass substrate I for
an information recording medium" hereinafter),
[0011] (2) a glass substrate for an information recording medium,
having a fragility index value, measured in an atmosphere having a
dew point of -5.degree. C. or lower, of 7 .mu.m.sup.-1/2 or less
(to be referred to as "glass substrate II for an information
recording medium" hereinafter),
[0012] (3) a glass substrate for an information recording medium,
having a fragility index value, measured in water, of 12
.mu.m.sup.-1/2 or less and having a fragility index value, measured
in an atmosphere having a dew point of -5.degree. C. or lower, of 7
.mu.m.sup.-1/2 or less (to be referred to as "glass substrate III
for an information recording medium" hereinafter),
[0013] (4) a glass substrate for an information recording medium as
recited in the above (1), (2) or (3), comprising, by mol %, greater
than 65%, as a total, of SiO.sub.2 and at least one of
B.sub.2O.sub.3 and Al.sub.2O.sub.3, 0 to 20% of RO in which R is at
least one member selected from the group consisting of Ma, Ca, Zn,
Sr and Ba, 0 to 28% of R'.sub.2O in which R' is at least one member
selected from the group consisting of Li, Na and K, 0 to 10% of
TiO.sub.2 and 0 to 10% of ZrO.sub.2, the total content of said
components being at least 95 mol %,
[0014] (5) a glass substrate for an information recording medium,
comprising, by mol %, 40 to 75% of SiO.sub.2, 2 to 45% of
B.sub.2O.sub.3 and/or Al.sub.2O.sub.3 and 0 to 40% of R'.sub.2O in
which R' is at least one member selected from the group consisting
of Li, Na and K), wherein the total content of SiO.sub.2,
B.sub.2O.sub.3, Al.sub.2O.sub.3 and R'.sub.2O is at least 90 mol %
(to be referred to as "glass substrate IV for an information
recording medium" hereinafter),
[0015] (6) a glass substrate for an information recording medium as
recited in the above (5), having a fragility index value, measured
in water, of 12 .mu.m.sup.-1/2 or less.
[0016] (7) a glass substrate for an information recording medium as
recited in the above (5) or (6), having a fragility index value,
measured in an atmosphere having a dew point of -5.degree. C. or
lower, of 7 .mu.m.sup.-1/2 or less,
[0017] (8) a glass substrate for an information recording medium as
recited in any one of the above (1) to (7), having a Young's
modulus of at least 70 GPa,
[0018] (9) a glass substrate for an information recording medium as
recited in any one of the above (1) to (8), having a modulus of
rigidity of at least 20 GPa,
[0019] (10) a glass substrate for an information recording medium
as recited in any one of the above (1) to (9), which is made of a
glass having a region wherein the glass has a viscosity of at least
1 Pas, in a range of temperatures equivalent to, and higher than, a
liquidus temperature of the glass,
[0020] (11) a glass substrate for an information recording medium
as recited in any one of the above (1) to (10), which is made of a
glass having a thermal expansion coefficient of
60.times.10.sup.-7/.degree. C. or greater at a temperature of from
100.degree. C. to 300.degree. C.,
[0021] (12) a glass substrate for an information recording medium
as recited in any one of the above (1) to (11), which has no
chemically strengthened layer,
[0022] (13) a glass substrate for an information recording medium
as recited in any one of the above (1) to (11), which has a
chemically strengthened layer, and
[0023] (14) a magnetic information recording medium comprising a
magnetic recording layer formed on the glass substrate for an
information recording medium recited in any one of the above (1) to
(13).
PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION
[0024] The glass substrate for an information recording medium,
provided by the present invention, includes four embodiments, that
is, glass substrates I to IV for an information recording
medium.
[0025] The glass substrate I for an information recording medium,
provided by the present invention, is a glass substrate having a
fragility index value, measured in water, of 12 .mu.m.sup.-1/2 or
less. With a decrease in the fragility index value in water, the
glass substrate comes to be less fragile. The fragility index value
in water is preferably 10.5 .mu.m.sup.-1/2 or less, more preferably
9 .mu.m.sup.-1/2 or less, still more preferably 8 .mu.m.sup.-1/2 or
less. When the fragility index value of the glass substrate in
water is of the above value, the glass substrate is free from
fracture during its polishing in a state where the glass substrate
is soaked in a polishing liquid, or during its handling in a state
where it is wet with a polishing liquid or a washing liquid.
[0026] The glass substrate II for an information recording medium,
provided by the present invention, is a glass substrate having a
fragility index value, measured in an atmosphere having a dew point
of -5.degree. C. or lower, of 7 .mu.m.sup.-1/2 or less. The above
fragility index value is preferably 6 .mu.m.sup.-1/2 or less, more
preferably 5 .mu.m.sup.-1/2 or less, still more preferably 4
.mu.m.sup.-1/2 or less. When the fragility index value in an
atmosphere having a dew point of -5.degree. C. or lower, that is,
in a dry atmosphere, is of the above value, the glass substrate is
free from fracture during its handling in a dry atmosphere or
during the use of an information recording medium to which the
glass substrate is applied.
[0027] The glass substrate III for an information recording medium,
provided by the present invention, is a glass substrate having a
fragility index value, measured in water, of 12 .mu.m.sup.-1/2 or
less and having a fragility index value, measured in an atmosphere
having a dew point of -5.degree. C. or lower, of 7 .mu.m.sup.-1/2
or less. The fragility index value thereof in water is preferably
10.5 .mu.m.sup.-1/2 or less, more preferably 9 .mu.m.sup.-1/2 or
less, still more preferably 8 .mu.m.sup.-1/2 or less. Further, the
fragility index value thereof in an atmosphere having a dew point
of -5.degree. C. or lower is preferably 6 .mu.m.sup.-1/2 or less,
more preferably 5 .mu.m.sup.-1/2 or less, still more preferably 4
.mu.m.sup.-1/2 or less. The glass substrate III has properties that
both the above glass substrates I and II have, and it is free from
fracture during its use or its handling in any atmosphere.
[0028] With regard to the above fragility index value of a glass
substrate, the present invention refers to a fragility index value
B proposed by B. R. Lawn, et al (Journal of the American Chemical
Society, Vol. 62, pages 347 to 350 (1979)). The fragility index
value B is defined on the basis of the following equation.
B=Hv/Kc
[0029] wherein Hv is a Vickers hardness value and Kc is a fracture
toughness value.
[0030] The Vickers hardness value Hv and the fracture toughness
value Kc of a glass can be measured by a method in which an acute
diamond presser of a Vickers hardness tester is pressed into the
glass. That is, these values can be determined on the basis of the
following equation using a pressed mark remaining in the glass
surface when the Vickers presser is pressed into the glass.
Hv = 1.8544 .times. P ( 2 a ) 2 ##EQU00001##
[0031] wherein P is a load applied for pressing the Vickers
presser, and a is a diagonal length of a Vickers pressed mark. The
fracture toughness Kc is determined according to the following
equation using the size of a pressed mark remaining in a glass
surface after the Vickers presser is pressed into the glass and the
length of a crack that occurs in a corner of the pressed mark.
Kc = 0.026 E 1 2 P 1 2 a C 3 2 ##EQU00002##
[0032] wherein E is a Young's modulus of the glass, and C is a
length of a crack that occurs in a corner of the pressed mark. The
necessary condition of determining a correct Kc is that the ratio
of C/a comes to be 2.5 or greater.
[0033] The fragility index value B of the glass can be calculated
on the basis of B=Hv/Kc using the above-determined Hv and Kc
values. However, the present invention employs values calculated
according to the method described in JP-A-10-158028, for
comparisons with Comparative Examples to be described later.
[0034] That is, the present invention employs values calculated
according to the following equation.
B = 2.39 .times. [ C .alpha. ] 3 2 P 1 4 ##EQU00003##
[0035] The fragility value calculated according to the equation
shown in JP-A-10-158028 and the fragility value calculated
according to the Hv/Kc equations differ from each other mostly by
5% or less, so that any glass can be correctly evaluated according
to the equation shown in JP-A-10-158025. The equation shown in
JP-A-10-158028 is actually introduced from the Hv/Kc equations of
Lawn, et al., and these calculations are basically the same in
concept.
[0036] The fragility index value in water refers to a value
obtained by dropping pure water on a sample surface, pressing a
Vickers presser into the sample surface through a water drop 30
seconds thereafter, to form a pressed mark and a crack, soaking the
sample in pure water immediately thereafter to retain the sample in
the pure water for 24 hours, then taking the sample out, wiping
water off the sample, and measuring the sample for sizes of the
pressed mark and the crack immediately thereafter. The fragility
index value in an atmosphere having a dew point of -5.degree. C. or
lower refers to a value obtained by measuring a dew point around a
sample in a dry nitrogen atmosphere to confirm that the dew point
is -5.degree. C. or lower, pressing a Vickers presser while
confirming the dew point of -5.degree. C. or lower, to form a
pressed mark and a crack and measuring the pressed mark and the
crack for sizes.
[0037] The glass substrates I, II and III for an information
recording medium, provided by the present invention, have the above
fragility index value, and they are not easily scratched or damaged
and can be chemically strengthened equally to a conventional glass,
so that the fracture thereof during their production steps and
during use thereof can be decreased to a great extent.
[0038] The above glass substrates I to III can have a glass
composition that comprises, by mol %, greater than 65%, as a total,
of SiO.sub.2 and at least one of B.sub.2O.sub.3 and
Al.sub.2O.sub.3, 0 to 20% of RO in which R is at least one member
selected from the group consisting of Ma, Ca, Zn, Sr and Ba, 0 to
28% of R'.sub.2O in which R' is at least one member selected from
the group consisting of Li, Na and K, 0 to 10% of TiO.sub.2 and 0
to 10% of ZrO.sub.2, the total content of said components being at
least 95 mol %.
[0039] In the above glass composition, the total content of
SiO.sub.2 and at least one of B.sub.2O.sub.3 and Al.sub.2O.sub.3 is
preferably greater than 65 mol % but not more than 90 mol %, more
preferably in the range of from 70 to 90 mol %, still more
preferably 70 to 85 mol %. The content of SiO.sub.2 is preferably
40 to 75 mol %, more preferably 50 to 70 mol %, and the content of
Al.sub.2O.sub.3 is preferably 0 to 25 mol %, more preferably 1 to
20 mol %, still more preferably 2 to 15 mol %. The content of
B.sub.2O.sub.3 is preferably 0 to 25 mol %, more preferably 1 to 25
mol %, still more preferably 2 to 20 mol %. The content of the
above RO is preferably 15 mol % or less, more preferably 12 mol %
or less. The content of MgO is preferably 15 mol % or less, more
preferably 12 mol % or less, and the content of CaO is preferably
10 mol % or less, more preferably 8 mol % or less. The content of
ZnO is preferably 10 mol % or less, more preferably 8 mol % or
less, and the content of SrO is preferably 10 mol % or less, more
preferably 8 mol % or less. The content of BaO is preferably 10 mol
% or less, more preferably 5 mol % or less. The RO is preferably
MgO.
[0040] The content of R.sub.2'O is preferably 25 mol % or less,
more preferably 10 to 25 mol % or less. The content of Li.sub.2O is
preferably 20 mol % or less, more preferably 18 mol % or less,
still more preferably 5 to 15 mol % or less, and the content of
Na.sub.2O is preferably 20 mol % or less, more preferably 15 mol %
or less, still more preferably 1 to 10 mol % or less. The content
of K.sub.2O is preferably 15 mol % or less, more preferably 10 mol
% or less, still more preferably 0 to 8 mol %. The total content of
SiO.sub.2, B.sub.2O.sub.3, Al.sub.2O.sub.3, RO and R'.sub.2O is
preferably at least 85 mol %, more preferably at least 90 mol %,
still more preferably at least 95 mol %.
[0041] Further, the content of TiO.sub.2 is preferably 0 to 7 mol
%, more preferably 0 to 5 mol %, and the content of ZrO.sub.2 is
preferably 0 to 8 mol %, more preferably 0 to 6 mol %. The total
content of SiO.sub.2, B.sub.2O.sub.3, Al.sub.2O.sub.3, RO,
R'.sub.2O, TiO.sub.2 and ZrO.sub.2 is preferably at least 95 mol %,
more preferably at least 98 mol %. The molar ratio of
B.sub.2O.sub.3/Al.sub.2O.sub.3 is preferably in the range of from
0.5 to 1.5, more preferably in the range of from 0.8 to 1.2.
[0042] As an example of combination of the above components, for
example, the glass has a composition containing, by mol %, 40 to
75% of SiO.sub.2, 1 to 25% of B.sub.2O.sub.3, 1 to 20% of
Al.sub.2O.sub.3 (provided that the total content of SiO.sub.2,
B.sub.2O.sub.3 and Al.sub.2O.sub.3 is over 65%), 0 to 15% of MgO, 0
to 10% of ZnO, 0 to 10% of CaO, 0 to 10% of SrO, 0 to 10% of BaO
(provided that the total content of MgO, CaO, ZnO, SrO and BaO is
less than 20%), 0 to 20% of Li.sub.2O, 0 to 20% of Na.sub.2O, 0 to
15% of K.sub.2O (provided that the total content of Li.sub.2O,
Na.sub.2O and K.sub.2O is less than 28%), 0 to 10% of TiO.sub.2 and
0 to 10% of ZrO.sub.2, provided that the total content of said
components of the composition is at least 95 mol %.
[0043] SiO.sub.2 is a component for forming a network structure of
a glass. When the content thereof is less than 40 mol %, the
durability of the glass is poor, and the glass is liable to
devitrify. When the content thereof exceeds 75 mol %, the
high-temperature viscosity increases, so that the glass is not
easily melted. Therefore, the content of SiO.sub.2 is preferably in
the range of from 40 to 75 mol %, particularly preferably in the
range of from 50 to 70 mol %.
[0044] B.sub.2O.sub.3 is an important component in the present
invention. When B.sub.2O.sub.3 is introduced in place of SiO.sub.2,
the fragility of the glass decreases to a great extent, the
specific gravity of the glass is also decreased, and the
high-temperature viscosity is decreased, so that the glass is
remarkably improved in meltability. When the content of introduced
B.sub.2O.sub.3 exceeds 25 mol %, the durability of the glass is
degraded, and the glass is liable to cause a phase separation, so
that no good glass can be produced in some cases. When the content
of the introduced B.sub.2O.sub.3 is less than 1 mol %, the glass
deteriorates in fragility, and the high-temperature viscosity
increases, so that mass-production at a low cost may not be carried
out any longer. Therefore, the content of B.sub.2O.sub.3 is
preferably in the range of from 1 to 25 mol %, particularly
preferably 2 to 20 mol %.
[0045] Al.sub.2O.sub.3 is important not only as a component for
imparting the glass with heat resistance and durability and
improving the glass in fragility, but also as a component for
improving the glass in the stability of glass structure and the
rigidity of the glass together with SiO.sub.2. When the content
thereof is less than 1 mol %, there is produced no or little effect
on suppressing alkali elution from the glass, and it is difficult
to produce a glass having excellent durability. When the above
content is over 20 mol %, the high-temperature meltability of the
glass is deteriorated. Therefore, the content of Al.sub.2O.sub.3 is
preferably in the range of from 1 to 20 mol %, more preferably in
the range of from 2 to 15 mol %.
[0046] MgO, CaO, ZnO, SrO and BaO are introduced for decreasing the
viscosity of the glass during its melting to improve the glass in
meltability and mass-productivity. When the total content of these
is over 20 mol %, the fragility increases, so that the glass is
liable to be scratched or damaged, and both the specific gravity
and the devitrification temperature of the glass tend to increase.
With regard to the content of each of MgO, CaO, ZnO, SrO and BaO,
in view of both the meltability and the fragility of the glass, the
content of MgO is 0 to 15 mol %, preferably 0 to 12 mol %, the
content of ZnO is 0 to 10 mol %, preferably 0 to 8 mol %, the
content of CaO is 0 to 10 mol %, preferably 0 to 8 mol %, the
content of SrO is 0 to 10 mol %, preferably 0 to 8 mol %, the
content of BaO is 0 to 10 mol %, preferably 0 to 5 mol %, and the
total content of these components is preferably less than 20 mol %,
more preferably 15 mol % or less.
[0047] Li.sub.2O, Na.sub.2O and K.sub.2O are very useful components
for decreasing the viscosity of the glass during its melting to
promote the melting, and for decreasing the fragility of the glass.
When the content of these components introduced is over 28 mol %,
not only the glass is deteriorated in chemical durability, but also
an alkali is precipitated on a glass surface to a greater extent,
so that the alkali may corrode a magnetic film. With regard to the
content of each of Li.sub.2O, Na.sub.2O and K.sub.2O, therefore,
the content of Li.sub.2O is 0 to 20 mol %, preferably 0 to 18 mol
%, the content of Na.sub.2O is 0 to 20 mol %, preferably 0 to 15
mol %, the content of K.sub.2O is 0 to 15 mol %, preferably 0 to 10
mol %, and the total content of these components is controlled to
less than 28 mol %, preferably to 25 mol % or less.
[0048] The total content of SiO.sub.2, B.sub.2O.sub.3 and
Al.sub.2O.sub.3 is preferably in the range of from 70 to 90 mol %,
more preferably 80 to 90 mol %, and the total content of RO and
R'.sub.2O is preferably 5 to 35 mol %, more preferably 10 to 30 mol
%, still more preferably 10 to 25 mol %, particularly preferably 10
to 22 mol %.
[0049] ZrO.sub.2 and TiO.sub.2 are introduced for improving the
glass in chemical durability and rigidity. When a small amount of
ZrO.sub.2 and TiO.sub.2 are added to a glass, the glass is improved
in all of durability, elasticity and fragility. However, the
specific gravity of the glass sharply increases, and when they are
introduced in a large amount, the glass strongly tends to
devitrify. The content of each of ZrO.sub.2 is limited to 0 to 10
mol %, preferably to 0 to 7 mol %, and the content of TiO.sub.2 is
limited to 0 to 10 mol %, preferably 0 to 8 mol %. Further, the
total content of the above components is at least 95 mol %.
[0050] In addition to the above components, the above glass may
contain As.sub.2O.sub.3, Sb.sub.2O.sub.3, F, Cl and SO.sub.3 in a
total amount of 2 mol % or less for improving the glass in
meltability, clarification and moldability. Further, the above
glass may contain other oxides, i.e., rare earth metal oxides such
as Y.sub.2O.sub.3 and La.sub.2O.sub.3 in an amount of 5 mol % or
less, for improving the glass in durability and elastic
modulus.
[0051] Further, the glass can also have a composition containing,
by mol %, 55 to 75% of SiO.sub.2, 0 to 20% of B.sub.2O.sub.3, 1 to
20% of Al.sub.2O.sub.3 (provided that the total content of
SiO.sub.2, B.sub.2O.sub.3 and Al.sub.2O.sub.3 is at least 65%), 0
to 15% of MgO, 0 to 10% of ZnO, 0 to 10% of CaO, 0 to 10% of SrO, 0
to 10% of BaO (provided that the total content of MgO, CaO, ZnO,
SrO and BaO (content of RO) is 20% or less), 0 to 20% of Li.sub.2O,
0 to 20% of Na.sub.2O, 0 to 6% of K.sub.2O (provided that the total
content of Li.sub.2O, Na.sub.2O and K.sub.2O (content of R'.sub.2O)
is 28% or less), 0 to 10% of TiO.sub.2 and 0 to 10% of ZrO.sub.2,
provided that the total content of said components of the
composition is at least 95 mol %.
[0052] The glass substrate IV for an information recording medium,
provided by the present invention, is formed of a glass containing,
by mol %, 40 to 75% of SiO.sub.2, 2 to 45% of B.sub.2O.sub.3 and/or
Al.sub.2O.sub.3 and 0 to 40% of R'.sub.2O in which R' is at least
one member selected from the group consisting of Li, Na and K, and
having an SiO.sub.2+B.sub.2O.sub.3+R'.sub.2O total content of at
least 90 mol %.
[0053] In the above glass composition, the content of SiO.sub.2 is
preferably 50 to 70 mol %, the content of B.sub.2O.sub.3 is
preferably 0 to 25 mol %, more preferably 1 to 25 mol %, still more
preferably 2 to 20 mol %, and the content of Al.sub.2O.sub.3 is
preferably 0 to 25 mol %, more preferably 1 to 20 mol %, still more
preferably 2 to 15 mol %. The total content of SiO.sub.2,
B.sub.2O.sub.3 and Al.sub.2O.sub.3 is preferably 65 to 90 mol %,
more preferably 70 to 90 mol %, still more preferably 70 to 85 mol
%. The content of R'.sub.2O is preferably 0 to 28 mol % (provided
that 0 is excluded when the content of RO is 0 mol %), more
preferably 25 mol % or less, still more preferably 10 to 25 mol %.
The content of Li.sub.2O is preferably 20 mol % or less, more
preferably 18 mol % or less, still more preferably 5 to 15 mol %.
The content of Na.sub.2O is preferably 20 mol. % or less, more
preferably 15 mol % or less, still more preferably 1 to 10 mol %.
The content of K.sub.2O is preferably 15 mol % or less, more
preferably 10 mol % or less, still more preferably 0 to 8 mol %.
Further, the content of RO is preferably 15 mol % or less, more
preferably 12 mol % or less. The content of MgO is preferably 15
mol % or less, more preferably 12 mol % or less, and the content of
CaO is preferably 10 mol % or less, more preferably 8 mol % or
less. The content of ZnO is preferably 10 mol % or less, more
preferably 8 mol % or less, and the content of SrO is preferably 10
mol % or less, more preferably 8 mol % or less. The content of BaO
is preferably 10 mol % or less, more preferably 5 mol % or less. RO
is particularly preferably MgO.
[0054] The total content of RO and R'.sub.2O is preferably 5 to 35
mol %, more preferably 10 to 30 mol %, still more preferably 10 to
25 mol %, particularly preferably 0 to 22 mol %. Further, 0 to 10
mol % of TiO.sub.2 may be contained, and the content of TiO.sub.2
is preferably 0 to 7 mol %. Further, 0 to 10 mol % of ZrO.sub.2 may
be contained, and the content of ZrO.sub.2 is preferably 0 to 7 mol
%.
[0055] The fragility index value of the glass substrate IV in water
can be adjusted to 12 .mu.m.sup.-1/2 or less, preferably to 10.5
.mu.m.sup.-1/2 or less, more preferably to 9 .mu.m.sup.-1/2 or
less, still more preferably to 8 .mu.m.sup.-1/2 or less. Further,
the fragility index value thereof in an atmosphere having a dew
point of -5.degree. C. or lower can be adjusted to 7 .mu.m.sup.-1/2
or less, preferably to 6 .mu.m.sup.-1/2 or less, more preferably to
5 .mu.m.sup.-1/2 or less, still more preferably to 4 .mu.m.sup.-1/2
or less.
[0056] In the glass substrates I to IV for an information recording
medium, provided by the present invention, the Young's modulus of
each can be adjusted to at least 70 GPa, preferably to 75 GPa, more
preferably to 85 GPa.
[0057] For preventing the deformation to be caused on the glass
substrate due to resonance when an information recording medium
having the glass substrate having a small thickness is rotated,
preferably, the Young's modulus of the glass substrate is
increased. For example, when a magnetic disk having a glass
substrate having a diameter of 3.5 inches and a thickness of 0.635
mm and made of a glass having a Young's modulus of 70 GPa or higher
is rotated at 10,000 rpm, a flying height of approximately 1 .mu.m
or less can be stably secured between the magnetic head and a
recording and reproducing head.
[0058] When a glass substrate having a low fragility index value in
water has a Young's modulus of at least 70 GPa, the glass substrate
is remarkably free from the occurrence of a crack that may be
caused when it is cut or polished in a state where it is soaked in
a polishing solution or when it is handled in a state where it is
wet with a polishing solution or a washing liquid.
[0059] Further, when a glass substrate having a low fragility index
value in water and/or in a dry atmosphere has a Young's modulus of
at least 70 GPa, the glass substrate does not easily suffer bending
caused by a rotation or a load, so that the glass substrate is
further free from the occurrence of a fracture that may be caused
during the polishing of the glass substrate or the use of an
information recording medium, particularly, when the information
recording medium is rotated at a high speed.
[0060] Further, in the glass substrates I to IV for an information
recording medium, provided by the present invention, the rigidity
can be adjusted to at least 20 GPa, preferably to at least 25 GPa,
more preferably to at least 30 GPa.
[0061] For preventing the deformation to be caused on the glass
substrate due to resonance when an information recording medium
having the glass substrate having a small thickness is rotated,
preferably, the rigidity of the glass substrate is increased. For
example, when a magnetic disk having a glass substrate having a
diameter of 3.5 inches and a thickness of 0.635 mm and made of a
glass having a rigidity of 20 GPa or higher is rotated at 10,000
rpm, a flying height of approximately 1 .mu.m or less can be stably
secured between the magnetic head and a recording and reproducing
head.
[0062] Further, when a glass substrate having a low fragility index
value in water has a rigidity of at least 20 GPa, the glass
substrate is remarkably free from the occurrence of a crack that
may be caused when it is cut or polished in a state where it is
soaked in a polishing solution or when it is handled in a state
where it is wet with a polishing solution or a washing liquid.
[0063] Further, when a glass substrate having a low fragility index
value in water and/or in a dry atmosphere has a rigidity of at
least 20 GPa, the glass substrate does not easily suffer bending
caused by a rotation or a load, so that the glass substrate is
further free from the occurrence of a fracture that may be caused
during the polishing of the glass substrate or the use of an
information recording medium, particularly, when the information
recording medium is rotated at a high speed.
[0064] In the glass substrates I to IV for an information recording
medium, provided by the present invention, the specific modulus
(value obtained by dividing a Young's modulus by a density) thereof
can be adjusted to at least 27.times.10.sup.6 Nm/kg.
[0065] When the above specific modulus is 27.times.10.sup.6 Nm/kg
or more, the bending during the high-speed rotation of an
information recording medium can be decreased to 2 .mu.m or less,
and as a result, a flying height of 1 .mu.m or less can be stably
secured. Further, the bending during the high-speed rotation is
decreased, so that a glass substrate having a small fragility index
value is more free from the occurrence of a fracture. The above
specific modulus is more preferably 30.times.10.sup.6 Nm/kg or
more.
[0066] In the glass substrates I to IV for an information recording
medium, provided by the present invention, the density thereof can
be adjusted to 2.65 g/cm.sup.3 or less, preferably to 2.50
g/cm.sup.3 or less.
[0067] Further, the glass substrates I to IV for an information
recording medium, provided by the present invention, have a
fracture toughness value of at least 0.75 MPa/m.sup.1/2, preferably
at least 0.80 MPa/m.sup.1/2, more preferably at least 0.83
MPa/m.sup.1/2. When the fracture toughness is at least 0.75
MPa/m.sup.1/2, the glass substrate is more free from the occurrence
of a fracture during the processing of the glass substrate or
during the use of an information recording medium.
[0068] The glass substrates I to IV for an information recording
medium, provided by the present invention, are preferably made of a
glass having a region wherein the glass has a viscosity of at least
1 Pas, in a range of temperatures equivalent to, and higher than,
the liquidus temperature of the glass.
[0069] For obtaining a glass substrate for an information recording
medium, it is required to prevent a glass from undergoing
substantial devitrification during its production process. For this
purpose, it is required at least to carry out the melting of raw
materials and the feeding of a glass melt to a mold at a liquidus
temperature or higher.
[0070] In the glass substrates I to IV for an information recording
medium, provided by the present invention, therefore, the liquidus
temperature thereof is preferably adjusted to 1,350.degree. C. or
lower, more preferably to 1,250.degree. C. or lower, particularly
preferably to 1,150.degree. C. or lower.
[0071] When a molten glass that is being fed to a mold has a
viscosity of less than 1 Pas, not only it is difficult to control
the flow rate of the molten glass, but also it is difficult to
produce a thin and flat glass substrate for an information
recording medium by press-molding.
[0072] More preferably, the glass substrates I to IV for an
information recording medium, provided by the present invention,
are made of a glass having a region wherein the glass has a
viscosity of at least 3 Pas, in a range of temperatures equivalent
to, and higher than, the liquidus temperature of the glass.
[0073] In the glass substrates I to IV for an information recording
medium, provided by the present invention, the glass transition
point of a raw material glass can be adjusted to 470 to 640.degree.
C. When the glass transition point is too high, a temperature range
that permits press-molding is narrowed, and it is difficult to
press-mold a lass substrate having a small thickness. When the
glass transition point is too low, the temperature range for heat
treatment for improving magnetic properties, etc., is narrowed,
which heat treatment is carried out when or after a magnetic film
such as a recording layer is formed on the glass substrate. The
glass transition point is preferably in the range of from 470 to
620.degree. C.
[0074] The glass substrates I to IV for an information recording
medium, provided by the present invention, are preferably made of a
glass having a thermal expansion coefficient of at least
60.times.10.sup.-7/.degree. C. at a temperature of 100 to
300.degree. C.
[0075] When information is recorded in an information recording
medium such as a magnetic disk, an optical disk or a
magneto-optical disk, or when information recorded in the
information recording medium is reproduced, the information
recording medium rotates in a state where the it is clamp-fixed to
the spindle of a drive motor provided in an information processing
device. When the thermal expansion coefficient of the information
recording medium and the counterpart of the clamp are greatly
different, the following problem is caused.
[0076] That is, when the information recording medium is rotated,
the information recording medium, the spindle, the clamp, etc., are
sharply temperature-increased up to approximately 9.0.degree. C.
due to the heat generation of the drive motor. When the thermal
expansion coefficient of the information recording medium and the
thermal expansion coefficient of the clamp differ greatly, the
information recording medium and the clamp come loose due to the
above increase in temperature, or the information recording medium
is caused to suffer distortion or bending. As a result, a portion
(track) where data is (to be) recorded in the information recording
medium is displaced, and an error is liable to occur in recording
or reproducing information. The above problem comes to be
conspicuous particularly in a large substrate such as a 3.5-inch
substrate.
[0077] Therefore, the glass substrates I to IV for an information
recording medium, provided by the present invention, preferably,
the thermal expansion coefficient thereof is as close to the
thermal expansion coefficient of the above clamp as possible. Since
the above clamp is generally made of a stainless alloy, the thermal
expansion coefficient in the range of 100 to 300.degree. C. of each
of the glass substrates I to IV provided by the present invention
is preferably at least 60.times.10.sup.-7/.degree. C., more
preferably at least 70.times.10.sup.-7/.degree. C., still more
preferably 70.times.10.sup.-7/.degree. C. to
120.times.10.sup.-7/.degree. C., particularly preferably
80.times.10.sup.-7/.degree. C. to 100.times.10.sup.-7/.degree.
C.
[0078] The glass substrates I to IV for an information recording
medium, provided by the present invention, may have no chemically
strengthened layer or may have a chemically strengthened layer
formed by a known chemical strengthening treatment as required. For
carrying out the chemical strengthening treatment, it is preferred
to select a composition suitable for the chemical strengthening
treatment from the afore-mentioned composition range.
[0079] The chemically strengthening treatment can be carried out by
an ion-exchange method. The ion-exchange method is carried out
using a molten salt containing Na ion and K ion, and a chemically
strengthened glass is obtained. The treatment molten salt
containing Na ion and K ion is preferably selected from sodium
nitrate, potassium nitrate or a molten salt of a mixture of these,
while it shall not be limited thereto. A sulfate, a bisulfate, a
carbonate or a halide may be used. The glass for use in the present
invention has low fragility and high fracture toughness as
described already, and comes to have high bending strength owing to
then ion-exchange, so that the thus-obtained chemically
strengthened glass has excellent durability against fracture.
[0080] The method for producing the glass substrate for an
information recording medium, provided by the present invention, is
not specially limited, and various methods can be employed. For
example, a glass substrate for an information recording medium,
having a desired size and a desired form, can be produced by
melting a predetermined amount ratio of glass raw materials in air
or an inert gas atmosphere by a high-temperature melting method,
homogenizing the glass by bubbling or stirring, forming a sheet
glass by a known pressing method, down drawing method or floating
method, and carrying out processing to form a circular form, making
of a center hole, processing of surfaces of inner and outer
circumferences, cutting and polishing. The polishing is carried out
by lapping with a polishing material or diamond pellets and
polishing with a polishing material such as cerium oxide, whereby a
surface accuracy in a range of from 0.1 to 0.6 nm can be
attained.
[0081] The magnetic information recording medium of the present
invention comprises any one of the above glass substrates I to IV
and a magnetic recording layer formed thereon. As an example of the
constitution of the magnetic information recording medium, there is
a constitution in which an undercoat layer, a magnetic recording
layer, a protective layer and a lubricant layer are consecutively
formed on the above glass substrate.
[0082] The above magnetic recording layer can be selected, for
example, from a Co--Cr layer, a Co--Cr--Pt layer, a Co--Ni--Cr
layer, a Co--Ni--Pt layer, a Co--Ni--Cr--Pt layer or a Co--Cr--Ta
layer. The undercoat layer can be selected, for example, from an Ni
layer, an Ni--P layer or a Cr layer. As a protective layer, for
example, a carbon film can be used, and for the lubricant layer,
for example, a lubricant material such as perfluoropolyether can be
used.
Examples
[0083] The present invention will be further specifically explained
with reference to Examples, while the present invention shall not
be limited by these Examples.
[0084] Glasses obtained in Examples were measured for physical
properties by the following methods.
[0085] (1) Young's Modulus
[0086] A sample having a size of 20.times.20.times.100 mm was
prepared, and the sample was measured for a velocity of
longitudinal wave (Vl) and a velocity of transverse wave when (Vs)
when 5 MHz ultrasonic wave propagated through the above sample,
with a sing around method acoustic velocity measuring apparatus
(UVM-2, supplied by Cho-Onnpa Kogyosha), and a Young's modulus was
determined on the basis of the following equation.
Young's modulus=(4G.sup.2-3GVl.sup.2.rho.)/(G-Vl.sup.2.rho.)
[0087] G=Vs.sup.2.rho.
[0088] .rho.=sample density (g/cm.sup.3)
[0089] (2) Rigidity
[0090] When the measurement was made for a Young's modulus in the
above (1), a rigidity was obtained as G.
[0091] (3) Liquidus Temperature
[0092] A sample was placed in a container made of platinum, the
container was left in a gradient-temperature furnace for 30
minutes, and the surface and the inside of the sample were observed
for a crystal through an optical microscope. And, a lowest
temperature at which no crystal precipitated was taken as a
liquidus temperature.
[0093] (4) Glass Transition Point (Tg) and Sag Temperature (Td)
[0094] A sample having a size of 5 mm.phi..times.20 mm was measured
at a temperature elevation rate of +4.degree. C./minute with a
thermalmechanical analyzer (TMA 8140) supplied by Rigakusha.
SiO.sub.2 was used as a reference sample.
[0095] (5) Thermal Expansion Coefficient
[0096] An average thermal expansion coefficient at 100 to
300.degree. C. was employed, and the measurement thereof was
conducted together with the measurement of glass transition
point.
[0097] (6) Fragility Index Value
[0098] With a microhardness tester (MVK-E) supplied by K.K. Akashi
Seisakusho, a Vickers presser was pressed into a plate-shaped
sample having a thickness of 2 mm under a pressing load shown in
Tables 1 to 15, to introduce a pressed mark and a crack into the
sample.
[0099] For accurate measurements for a fragility index value, a
Vickers hardness, a fracture toughness, etc., preferably, the
pressing load is adjusted to such a value as to attain a
probability of at least 60, more preferably, to such a value as to
attain a probability of at least 70, still more preferably, to such
a value as to attain a probability of at least 80. A Vickers
pressed mark was measured for a diagonal length a, and a crack that
occurred in a corner of the Vickers pressed mark caused in the
sample surface when the Vickers presser was pressed was measured
for a length C. A Vickers hardness Hv, a fracture toughness Kc and
a fragility index value B were determined using the above
measurement values on the basis of the equations (1) to (3).
[0100] For determining a fragility index value B, a Vickers
hardness Hv, a fracture toughness Kc, etc., in water, a drop of
pure water was dropped on the sample surface, and 30 seconds
thereafter, the Vickers presser was pressed into the sample to
introduce a pressed mark and a crack.
[0101] Further, for determining a fragility index value B, a
Vickers hardness Hv, a fracture toughness Kc, etc., in an
atmosphere having a dew point of -5.degree. C. or lower, the
Vickers presser was pressed into the sample to introduce a pressed
mark and a crack in a dry nitrogen atmosphere while a dew point
around the sample was -5.degree. C. or lower.
[0102] Probability in Tables 1 to 14 refers to the probability of
occurrences, per corner, of cracks that occur in four corners of a
pressed mark.
Examples 1-81
[0103] SiO.sub.2, Al.sub.2O.sub.3, Al(OH).sub.3, B.sub.2O.sub.3,
HBO.sub.3, MgO, Mg(OH).sub.2, MgCO.sub.3, CaCO.sub.3, SrCO.sub.3,
BaCO.sub.3, ZnO, Li.sub.2CO.sub.3, K.sub.2CO.sub.3, TiO.sub.2,
ZrO.sub.2, etc., were used as starting materials, and 300 to 1,500
g of each of the starting materials was weighed for obtaining glass
compositions shown in Tables 1 to 14 and fully mixed to prepare a
formulated batch. The formulated batch was placed in a platinum
crucible and melted at 1,400 to 1,600.degree. C. in air for
approximately 3 to 8 hours to prepare a molten glass. The (molten
glass was cast into a carbon mold having a size of
40.times.40.times.20 mm, and gradually cooled to a glass transition
temperature, and the glass was placed in an annealing furnace
immediately thereafter, held for 1 hour and then cooled to room
temperature while being held in the furnace. In the thus-obtained
glasses, no crystal that was observable through a microscope was
precipitated.
[0104] The thus-obtained glasses were processed to prepare samples
for evaluations of various properties, and the samples were
evaluated for physical properties. Tables 1 to 14 show the
results.
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Examples 1 2 3 4 5 6 Composition SiO.sub.2
0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 45.0 (mol %) B.sub.2O.sub.3 60.0 50.0 40.0
30.0 20.0 10.0 Al.sub.2O.sub.3 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 15.0 MgO
8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 10.0 CaO 15.0 20.0 20.0 15.0 10.0 10.0 ZnO --
-- -- -- -- -- RO 23.0 28.0 28.0 23.0 18.0 20.0 Li.sub.2O -- -- --
-- -- 5.0 Na.sub.2O -- -- -- 0.0 5.0 5.0 K.sub.2O 5.0 0.0 0.0 5.0
5.0 0.0 R'.sub.2O 5.0 0.0 0.0 5.0 10.0 10.0 TiO.sub.2 -- -- -- --
-- -- ZrO.sub.2 -- -- -- -- -- -- SiO.sub.2 + B.sub.2O.sub.3 +
Al.sub.2O.sub.3 72.0 72.0 72.0 72.0 72.0 70.0
B.sub.2O.sub.3/Al.sub.2O.sub.3 5.0 4.2 3.3 2.5 1.7 0.7 RO +
R'.sub.2O 28.0 28.0 28.0 28.0 28.0 30.0 SiO.sub.2 + B.sub.2O.sub.3
+ Al.sub.2O.sub.3 + RO + R'.sub.2O 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
100.0 SiO.sub.2 + B.sub.2O.sub.3 + Al.sub.2O.sub.3 + R'.sub.2O 77.0
72.0 72.0 77.0 82.0 80.0 SiO.sub.2 + B.sub.2O.sub.3 +
Al.sub.2O.sub.3 + RO + 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
R'.sub.2O + TiO.sub.2 + ZrO.sub.2 Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
100.0 100.0 Glass transition point Tg [.degree. C.] 552 612 622 590
565 554 Sag temperature Td [.degree. C.] 596 660 664 643 620 609
Thermal expansion coefficient .alpha. .times. 10.sup.-7 [/.degree.
C.] 67 56 59 66 79 67 Density [g/cm.sup.3] 2.373 2.490 2.522 2.472
2.478 2.547 Young's modulus E [GPa] 65.28 80 81.4 75.52 72.71 87.97
Rigidity G [GPa] 25.56 -- -- 30.21 29.30 35.19 In water Pressing
load [gF] 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 Fragility index value B
[.mu.m.sup.-1/2] 11.0 9.4 10.6 7.7 8.2 9.8 Vickers Hardness Hv
[GPa] 4.6 5.3 5.8 5.3 5.2 6.1 Fracture toughness [MPa/m.sup.1/2]
0.46 0.61 0.56 0.73 0.66 0.64 Probability 100 100 100 100 100 100
In dry Pressing load [gF] 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 atmosphere
Fragility index value B [.mu.m.sup.-1/2] 6.0 5.0 6.1 6.0 5.6 5.9
N.sub.2 Vickers hardness Hv [GPa] -- -- -- 5.5 5.1 6.1 Fracture
roughness Kc [MPa/m.sup.1/2] -- -- -- 0.93 0.98 1.06 Probability --
-- -- 100 40 100
TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Examples 7 8 9 10 11 12 Composition
SiO.sub.2 45.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 52.4 (mol %) B.sub.2O.sub.3 20.0
10.0 10.0 10.0 20.0 23.8 Al.sub.2O.sub.3 10.0 10.0 10.0 12.0 12.0
9.5 MgO 10.0 10.0 10.0 8.0 8.0 0.0 CaO 5.0 10.0 10.0 20.0 0.0 0.0
ZnO -- -- -- -- -- -- RO 15.0 20.0 20.0 28.0 8.0 0.0 Li.sub.2O 0.0
0.0 5.0 -- 0.0 0.0 Na.sub.2O 5.0 5.0 5.0 -- 5.0 4.8 K.sub.2O 5.0
5.0 0.0 0.0 5.0 9.5 R'.sub.2O 10.0 10.0 10.0 0.0 10.0 14.3
TiO.sub.2 -- -- -- -- -- -- ZrO.sub.2 -- -- -- -- -- -- SiO.sub.2 +
B.sub.2O.sub.3 + Al.sub.2O.sub.3 75.0 70.0 70.0 72.0 82.0 85.7
B.sub.2O.sub.3/Al.sub.2O.sub.3 2.0 1.0 1.0 0.8 1.7 2.5 RO +
R'.sub.2O 25.0 30.0 30.0 28.0 18.0 14.3 SiO.sub.2 + B.sub.2O.sub.3
+ Al.sub.2O.sub.3 + RO + R'.sub.2O 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
100.0 SiO.sub.2 + B.sub.2O.sub.3 + Al.sub.2O.sub.3 + R'.sub.2O 85.0
80.0 80.0 72.0 92.0 100.0 SiO.sub.2 + B.sub.2O.sub.3 +
Al.sub.2O.sub.3 + RO + 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
R'.sub.2O + TiO.sub.2 + ZrO.sub.2 Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
100.0 100.0 Glass transition point Tg [.degree. C.] 548 595 541 676
543 478 Sag temperature Td [.degree. C.] 625 676 596 733 614 551
Thermal expansion coefficient .alpha. .times. 10.sup.-7 [/.degree.
C.] 77 87 71 52 70 82 Density [g/cm.sup.3] 2.424 2.518 2.540 2.598
2.336 2.292 Young's modulus E [GPa] 68.82 76.62 88.53 86.1 61.54
53.42 Rigidity G [GPa] 27.79 31.13 35.74 -- 24.84 21.63 In water
Pressing load [gF] 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 Fragility index
value B [.mu.m.sup.-1/2] 6.9 9.3 9.7 9.6 5.7 6.6 Vickers Hardness
Hv [GPa] 5.1 5.5 5.7 5.9 4.5 4.2 Fracture toughness [MPa/m.sup.1/2]
0.76 0.61 0.63 0.64 0.85 0.67 Probability 95 100 100 100 95 100 In
dry Pressing load [gF] 5980 1000 1000 1000 6952 5980 atmosphere
Fragility index value B [.mu.m.sup.-1/2] 4.5 5.9 6.1 5.4 3.4 3.4
N.sub.2 Vickers hardness Hv [GPa] 4.9 5.5 6.1 5.7 4.4 4.2 Fracture
roughness Kc [MPa/m.sup.1/2] 1.17 0.96 1.03 1.12 1.40 1.31
Probability 80 100 100 85 80 40
TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Examples 13 14 15 16 17 18 Composition
SiO.sub.2 55.0 55.0 55.0 55.0 60.0 60.0 (mol %) B.sub.2O.sub.3 10.0
15.0 20.0 25.0 10.0 10.0 Al.sub.2O.sub.3 12.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 2.5
5.0 MgO 8.0 10.0 5.0 0.0 10.0 10.0 CaO 5.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ZnO
-- -- -- -- 0.0 0.0 RO 13.0 10.0 5.0 0.0 10.0 10.0 Li.sub.2O 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Na.sub.2O 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 12.5 10.0 K.sub.2O
5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 R'.sub.2O 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 17.5 15.0
TiO.sub.2 -- -- -- -- 0.0 0.0 ZrO.sub.2 -- -- -- -- -- -- SiO.sub.2
+ B.sub.2O.sub.3 + Al.sub.2O.sub.3 77.0 80.0 85.0 90.0 72.5 75.0
B.sub.2O.sub.3/Al.sub.2O.sub.3 0.8 1.5 2.0 2.5 4.0 2.0 RO +
R'.sub.2O 23.0 20.0 15.0 10.0 27.5 25.0 SiO.sub.2 + B.sub.2O.sub.3
+ Al.sub.2O.sub.3 + RO + R'.sub.2O 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
100.0 SiO.sub.2 + B.sub.2O.sub.3 + Al.sub.2O.sub.3 + R'.sub.2O 87.0
90.0 95.0 100.0 90.0 90.0 SiO.sub.2 + B.sub.2O.sub.3 +
Al.sub.2O.sub.3 + RO + 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
R'.sub.2O + TiO.sub.2 + ZrO.sub.2 Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
100.0 100.0 Glass transition point Tg [.degree. C.] 606 568 522 472
536 541 Sag temperature Td [.degree. C.] 678 659 612 558 595 606
Thermal expansion coefficient .alpha. .times. 10.sup.-7 [/.degree.
C.] 70 73 66 71 99 87 Density [g/cm.sup.3] 2.439 2.365 2.307 2.238
2.470 2.442 Young's modulus E [GPa] 72.07 65.21 58.72 49.65 73.94
72.54 Rigidity G [GPa] 29.43 26.60 23.83 20.02 30.32 29.74 In water
Pressing load [gF] 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 Fragility index
value B [.mu.m.sup.-1/2] 6.7 5.9 5.8 5.4 9.7 6.3 Vickers Hardness
Hv [GPa] 5.0 4.8 4.4 3.9 5.1 5.1 Fracture toughness [MPa/m.sup.1/2]
0.80 0.86 0.81 0.78 0.56 0.87 Probability 95 100 100 100 100 100 In
dry Pressing load [gF] 6952 5980 5980 5980 5980 5980 atmosphere
Fragility index value B [.mu.m.sup.-1/2] 4.4 3.6 3.6 3.1 4.9 4.4
N.sub.2 Vickers hardness Hv [GPa] 5.0 4.7 4.4 3.9 5.2 5.3 Fracture
roughness Kc [MPa/m.sup.1/2] 1.24 1.41 1.33 1.36 1.12 1.23
Probability 100 100 100 60 100 80
TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 Examples 19 20 21 22 23 24 Composition
SiO.sub.2 60.0 60.0 60.0 60.0 60.0 60.0 (mol %) B.sub.2O.sub.3 10.0
10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 Al.sub.2O.sub.3 7.5 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0
12.0 MgO 10.0 5.0 10.0 5.0 7.5 8.0 CaO 0.0 5.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ZnO
0.0 -- -- 5.0 0.0 -- RO 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 7.5 8.0 Li.sub.2O 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Na.sub.2O 7.5 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 K.sub.2O 5.0
5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 R'.sub.2O 12.5 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0
TiO.sub.2 0.0 -- -- 0.0 2.5 -- ZrO.sub.2 0.0 -- -- 0.0 0.0 --
SiO.sub.2 + B.sub.2O.sub.3 + Al.sub.2O.sub.3 77.5 80.0 80.0 80.0
80.0 82.0 B.sub.2O.sub.3/Al.sub.2O.sub.3 1.3 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.8 RO
+ R'.sub.2O 22.5 20.0 20.0 20.0 17.5 18.0 SiO.sub.2 +
B.sub.2O.sub.3 + Al.sub.2O.sub.3 + RO + R'.sub.2O 100.0 100.0 100.0
100.0 97.5 100.0 SiO.sub.2 + B.sub.2O.sub.3 + Al.sub.2O.sub.3 +
R'.sub.2O 90.0 90.0 90.0 90.0 90.0 92.0 SiO.sub.2 + B.sub.2O.sub.3
+ Al.sub.2O.sub.3 + RO + 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
R'.sub.2O + TiO.sub.2 + ZrO.sub.2 Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
100.0 100.0 Glass transition point Tg [.degree. C.] 554 595 583 567
566 598 Sag temperature Td [.degree. C.] 619 676 686 672 672 686
Thermal expansion coefficient .alpha. .times. 10.sup.-7 [/.degree.
C.] 85 73 77 72 77 66 Density [g/cm.sup.3] 2.409 2.419 2.382 2.448
2.386 2.347 Young's modulus E [GPa] 69.70 70.63 67.26 66.36 66.05
62.00 Rigidity G [GPa] 28.54 29.05 27.61 27.17 27.09 -- In water
Pressing load [gF] 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 Fragility index
value B [.mu.m.sup.-1/2] 6.5 6.5 6.1 5.9 5.4 6.0 Vickers Hardness
Hv [GPa] 5.0 5.3 5.0 4.9 4.8 5.1 Fracture toughness [MPa/m.sup.1/2]
0.82 0.83 0.85 0.87 0.95 0.83 Probability 100 100 100 95 100 95 In
dry Pressing load [gF] 5980 5980 5980 5980 5980 5980 atmosphere
Fragility index value B [.mu.m.sup.-1/2] 4.2 4.5 4.0 3.9 3.8 4.9
N.sub.2 Vickers hardness Hv [GPa] 5.0 5.2 5.0 4.9 4.8 4.9 Fracture
roughness Kc [MPa/m.sup.1/2] 1.27 1.19 1.29 1.32 1.34 1.01
Probability 60 100 100 100 80 100
TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 5 Examples 25 26 27 28 29 30 Composition
SiO.sub.2 60.0 60.0 65.0 65.0 65.0 65.0 (mol %) B.sub.2O.sub.3 15.0
20.0 0.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 Al.sub.2O.sub.3 10.0 10.0 7.0 2.5 5.0 5.0 MgO
5.0 0.0 1.0 10.0 10.0 5.0 CaO 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 5.0 ZnO -- -- 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 RO 5.0 0.0 2.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 Li.sub.2O 0.0 0.0 10.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 Na.sub.2O 5.0 5.0 10.5 12.5 10.0 10.0 K.sub.2O 5.0 5.0
2.5 5.0 5.0 5.0 R'.sub.2O 10.0 10.0 23.0 17.5 15.0 15.0 TiO.sub.2
-- -- 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ZrO.sub.2 -- -- 3.0 0.0 -- 0.0 SiO.sub.2 +
B.sub.2O.sub.3 + Al.sub.2O.sub.3 85.0 90.0 72.0 72.5 75.0 75.0
B.sub.2O.sub.3/Al.sub.2O.sub.3 1.5 2.0 0.0 2.0 1.0 1.0 RO +
R'.sub.2O 15.0 10.0 25.0 27.5 25.0 25.0 SiO.sub.2 + B.sub.2O.sub.3
+ Al.sub.2O.sub.3 + RO + R'.sub.2O 100.0 100.0 97.0 100.0 100.0
100.0 SiO.sub.2 + B.sub.2O.sub.3 + Al.sub.2O.sub.3 + R'.sub.2O 95.0
100.0 95.0 90.0 90.0 90.0 SiO.sub.2 + B.sub.2O.sub.3 +
Al.sub.2O.sub.3 + RO + 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
R'.sub.2O + TiO.sub.2 + ZrO.sub.2 Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
100.0 100.0 Glass transition point Tg [.degree. C.] 540 488 479 553
558 551 Sag temperature Td [.degree. C.] 628 583 551 612.7 634 619
Thermal expansion coefficient .alpha. .times. 10.sup.-7 [/.degree.
C.] 69 71 98 90 85 91 Density [g/cm.sup.3] 2.326 2.259 2.535 2.461
2.440 2.483 Young's modulus E [GPa] 61.15 52.00 82.25 73.65 72.10
74.95 Rigidity G [GPa] 24.81 -- 33.42 30.35 29.73 30.81 In water
Pressing load [gF] 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 Fragility index
value B [.mu.m.sup.-1/2] 6.3 6.2 9.5 7.7 7.6 9.9 Vickers Hardness
Hv [GPa] 4.8 4.4 -- 5.3 5.7 5.4 Fracture toughness [MPa/m.sup.1/2]
0.78 0.72 -- 0.72 0.73 0.56 Probability 100 80 -- 100 100 100 In
dry Pressing load [gF] 5980 5980 5980 5980 5980 5980 atmosphere
Fragility index value B [.mu.m.sup.-1/2] 3.8 3.2 5.0 5.8 4.9 5.6
N.sub.2 Vickers hardness Hv [GPa] 4.8 4.1 6.0 5.6 5.8 5.4 Fracture
roughness Kc [MPa/m.sup.1/2] 1.28 1.36 1.18 0.97 1.13 0.99
Probability 100 80 100 100 100 100
TABLE-US-00006 TABLE 6 Examples 31 32 33 34 35 36 Composition
SiO.sub.2 65.0 65.0 65.0 65.0 65.0 65.0 (mol %) B.sub.2O.sub.3 5.0
5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 Al.sub.2O.sub.3 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 MgO 5.0
5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 CaO 3.0 3.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 ZnO -- -- -- -- --
-- RO 8.0 8.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 Li.sub.2O 2.0 0.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 4.0
Na.sub.2O 10.0 12.0 11.0 9.0 7.0 9.0 K.sub.2O 5.0 5.0 2.0 4.0 6.0
2.0 R'.sub.2O 17.0 17.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 TiO.sub.2 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 ZrO.sub.2 -- -- -- -- -- -- SiO.sub.2 + B.sub.2O.sub.3
+ Al.sub.2O.sub.3 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0
B.sub.2O.sub.3/Al.sub.2O.sub.3 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 RO +
R'.sub.2O 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 SiO.sub.2 + B.sub.2O.sub.3
+ Al.sub.2O.sub.3 + RO + R'.sub.2O 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
100.0 SiO.sub.2 + B.sub.2O.sub.3 + Al.sub.2O.sub.3 + R'.sub.2O 92.0
92.0 90.0 90.0 90.0 90.0 SiO.sub.2 + B.sub.2O.sub.3 +
Al.sub.2O.sub.3 + RO + 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
R'.sub.2O + TiO.sub.2 + ZrO.sub.2 Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
100.0 100.0 Glass transition point Tg [.degree. C.] 511 540 524 526
523 507 Sag temperature Td [.degree. C.] 581 608 599 593 595 572
Thermal expansion coefficient .alpha. .times. 10.sup.-7 [/.degree.
C.] 92 95 83 85 87 106 Density [g/cm.sup.3] 2.473 2.477 2.485 2.482
2.477 2.478 Young's modulus E [GPa] 76.71 74.00 78.97 78.28 77.13
80.71 Rigidity G [GPa] 31.62 30.48 32.50 32.21 31.74 33.26 In water
Pressing load [gF] 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 Fragility index
value B [.mu.m.sup.-1/2] 9.9 9.8 9.8 10.0 10.6 10.0 Vickers
Hardness Hv [GPa] 5.6 5.3 5.7 5.8 5.8 5.8 Fracture toughness
[MPa/m.sup.1/2] 0.58 0.56 0.60 0.58 0.55 0.59 Probability 100 100
100 100 100 100 In dry Pressing load [gF] 5980 5980 5980 5980 5980
5980 atmosphere Fragility index value B [.mu.m.sup.-1/2] 5.0 4.8
5.4 5.6 5.5 5.1 N.sub.2 Vickers hardness Hv [GPa] 5.6 5.1 5.5 5.7
5.7 5.6 Fracture roughness Kc [MPa/m.sup.1/2] 1.13 1.14 1.08 1.04
1.04 1.15 Probability 100 100 100 100 100 100
TABLE-US-00007 TABLE 7 Examples 37 38 39 40 41 42 Composition
SiO.sub.2 65.0 65.0 65.0 65.0 65.0 65.0 (mol %) B.sub.2O.sub.3 5.0
5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 Al.sub.2O.sub.3 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 MgO 5.0
5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 CaO 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 ZnO -- -- -- -- --
0.0 RO 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 Li.sub.2O 4.0 4.0 6.0 6.0 6.0
8.0 Na.sub.2O 7.0 5.0 7.0 5.0 3.0 5.0 K.sub.2O 4.0 6.0 2.0 4.0 6.0
2.0 R'.sub.2O 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 TiO.sub.2 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 ZrO.sub.2 -- -- -- -- -- 0.0 SiO.sub.2 + B.sub.2O.sub.3
+ Al.sub.2O.sub.3 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0
B.sub.2O.sub.3/Al.sub.2O.sub.3 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 RO +
R'.sub.2O 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 SiO.sub.2 + B.sub.2O.sub.3
+ Al.sub.2O.sub.3 + RO + R'.sub.2O 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
100.0 SiO.sub.2 + B.sub.2O.sub.3 + Al.sub.2O.sub.3 + R'.sub.2O 90.0
90.0 90.0 90.0 90.0 90.0 SiO.sub.2 + B.sub.2O.sub.3 +
Al.sub.2O.sub.3 + RO + 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
R'.sub.2O + TiO.sub.2 + ZrO.sub.2 Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
100.0 100.0 Glass transition point Tg [.degree. C.] 510 508 500 501
501 488 Sag temperature Td [.degree. C.] 579 579 566 568 571 552
Thermal expansion coefficient .alpha. .times. 10.sup.-7 [/.degree.
C.] 85 115 78 81 80 78 Density [g/cm.sup.3] 2.474 2.469 2.470 2.465
2.460 2.464 Young's modulus E [GPa] 79.81 78.63 82.37 81.16 79.50
83.61 Rigidity G [GPa] 32.88 32.38 33.93 33.44 32.76 34.44 In water
Pressing load [gF] 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 Fragility index
value B [.mu.m.sup.-1/2] 10.1 10.5 10.0 9.9 10.4 9.9 Vickers
Hardness Hv [GPa] 5.9 5.8 5.9 5.9 5.9 6.1 Fracture toughness
[MPa/m.sup.1/2] 0.58 0.56 0.60 0.60 0.57 0.61 Probability 100 100
100 100 100 100 In dry Pressing load [gF] 5980 5980 5980 5980 5980
5980 atmosphere Fragility index value B [.mu.m.sup.-1/2] 5.6 5.1
4.9 5.0 5.2 4.7 N.sub.2 Vickers hardness Hv [GPa] 5.7 5.5 5.6 5.6
5.6 5.5 Fracture roughness Kc [MPa/m.sup.1/2] 1.04 1.13 1.13 1.17
1.11 1.25 Probability 100 100 100 100 100 100
TABLE-US-00008 TABLE 8 Examples 43 44 45 46 47 48 Composition
SiO.sub.2 65.0 65.0 65.0 65.0 65.0 65.0 (mol %) B.sub.2O.sub.3 5.0
5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 Al.sub.2O.sub.3 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 7.0 MgO 5.0
5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 CaO 5.0 5.0 5.0 0.0 0.0 3.0 ZnO 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 -- RO 10.0 10.0 10.0 5.0 5.0 8.0 Li.sub.2O 8.0 8.0 0.0 8.0 2.0
0.0 Na.sub.2O 3.0 1.0 11.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 K.sub.2O 4.0 6.0 4.0 2.0
5.0 5.0 R'.sub.2O 15.0 15.0 15.0 20.0 17.0 15.0 TiO.sub.2 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ZrO.sub.2 0.0 -- 0.0 0.0 3.0 -- SiO.sub.2 +
B.sub.2O.sub.3 + Al.sub.2O.sub.3 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 77.0
B.sub.2O.sub.3/Al.sub.2O.sub.3 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.7 RO +
R'.sub.2O 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 22.0 23.0 SiO.sub.2 + B.sub.2O.sub.3
+ Al.sub.2O.sub.3 + RO + R'.sub.2O 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 97.0
100.0 SiO.sub.2 + B.sub.2O.sub.3 + Al.sub.2O.sub.3 + R'.sub.2O 90.0
90.0 90.0 95.0 92.0 92.0 SiO.sub.2 + B.sub.2O.sub.3 +
Al.sub.2O.sub.3 + RO + 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
R'.sub.2O + TiO.sub.2 + ZrO.sub.2 Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
100.0 100.0 Glass transition point Tg [.degree. C.] 494 504 552 474
533 536 Sag temperature Td [.degree. C.] 561 577 622 536 615 596
Thermal expansion coefficient .alpha. .times. 10.sup.-7 [/.degree.
C.] 81 73 89 91 87 122 Density [g/cm.sup.3] 2.458 2.446 2.485 2.449
2.525 2.462 Young's modulus E [GPa] 82.10 79.04 75.27 79.92 77.29
71.94 Rigidity G [GPa] 33.82 32.64 30.96 32.45 31.61 29.58 In water
Pressing load [gF] 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 Fragility index
value B [.mu.m.sup.-1/2] 9.8 9.9 9.9 9.5 9.0 8.5 Vickers Hardness
Hv [GPa] 5.9 5.7 5.8 -- -- 5.1 Fracture toughness [MPa/m.sup.1/2]
0.61 0.59 0.58 -- -- 0.63 Probability 100 100 100 -- -- 100 In dry
Pressing load [gF] 5980 5980 5980 5980 5980 5980 atmosphere
Fragility index value B [.mu.m.sup.-1/2] 4.7 4.8 5.7 4.6 4.3 5.1
N.sub.2 Vickers hardness Hv [GPa] 5.6 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.5 5.2 Fracture
roughness Kc [MPa/m.sup.1/2] 1.25 1.19 0.99 1.27 1.30 1.06
Probability 100 100 100 100 100 100
TABLE-US-00009 TABLE 9 Examples 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 Composition
SiO.sub.2 65.0 65.0 65.0 65.0 65.4 65.4 65.4 (mol %) B.sub.2O.sub.3
5.0 5.0 7.5 10.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Al.sub.2O.sub.3 7.5 10.0 2.5 0.0 8.6
8.6 8.6 MgO 10.0 10.0 5.0 5.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 CaO 0.0 0.0 5.0 5.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 ZnO 0.0 0.0 -- -- 0.0 0.0 0.0 RO 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 Li.sub.2O 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12.5 7.5 0.0 Na.sub.2O 7.5 5.0
10.0 10.0 10.5 10.5 13.0 K.sub.2O 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 0.0 5.0 10.0
R'.sub.2O 12.5 10.0 15.0 15.0 23.0 23.0 23.0 TiO.sub.2 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ZrO.sub.2 -- -- -- -- 3.0 3.0 3.0 SiO.sub.2 +
B.sub.2O.sub.3 + Al.sub.2O.sub.3 77.5 80.0 75.0 75.0 74.0 74.0 74.0
B.sub.2O.sub.3/Al.sub.2O.sub.3 0.7 0.5 3.0 -- 0.0 0.0 0.0 RO +
R'.sub.2O 22.5 20.0 25.0 25.0 23.0 23.0 23.0 SiO.sub.2 +
B.sub.2O.sub.3 + Al.sub.2O.sub.3 + RO + R'.sub.2O 100.0 100.0 100.0
100.0 97.0 97.0 97.0 SiO.sub.2 + B.sub.2O.sub.3 + Al.sub.2O.sub.3 +
R'.sub.2O 90.0 90.0 90.0 90.0 97.0 97.0 97.0 SiO.sub.2 +
B.sub.2O.sub.3 + Al.sub.2O.sub.3 + RO + 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
100.0 100.0 100.0 R'.sub.2O + TiO.sub.2 + ZrO.sub.2 Total 100.0
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Glass transition point Tg
[.degree. C.] 577 631 557 559 498 491 534 Sag temperature Td
[.degree. C.] 658 752 622 623 564 568 629 Thermal expansion
coefficient .alpha. .times. 10.sup.-7 [/.degree. C.] 76 70 87 89 89
116 113 Density [g/cm.sup.3] 2.419 2.399 2.486 2.493 2.511 2.523
2.537 Young's modulus E [GPa] 71.46 70.77 76.10 78.41 84.13 79.70
71.31 Rigidity G [GPa] 29.51 29.49 31.35 32.37 34.71 32.82 29.30 In
water Pressing load [gF] 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000
Fragility index value B [.mu.m.sup.-1/2] 8.4 7.1 10.4 13.2 7.8 8.4
7.9 Vickers Hardness Hv [GPa] 5.6 5.1 5.4 5.9 5.6 5.7 5.4 Fracture
toughness [MPa/m.sup.1/2] 0.96 0.76 0.54 0.44 0.77 0.70 0.69
Probability 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 In dry Pressing load [gF]
5980 5980 5980 5980 5980 5980 5980 atmosphere Fragility index value
B [.mu.m.sup.-1/2] 5.2 5.3 4.9 5.5 4.3 5.0 5.2 N.sub.2 Vickers
hardness Hv [GPa] 5.6 5.2 5.2 5.5 5.4 5.5 4.9 Fracture roughness Kc
1.05 1.01 1.13 1.05 1.37 1.16 1.02 [MPa/m.sup.1/2] Probability 100
100 100 100 100 100 100
TABLE-US-00010 TABLE 10 Examples 56 57 58 59 60 61 Composition
SiO.sub.2 48.0 53.2 57.0 59.0 59.0 59.0 (mol %) B.sub.2O.sub.3 16.0
14.4 9.5 9.0 9.5 10.5 Al.sub.2O.sub.3 16.0 14.4 9.5 9.0 9.5 10.5
MgO 0.0 0.0 2.0 3.0 2.0 0.0 CaO 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ZnO 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 RO 0.0 0.0 2.0 3.0 2.0 0.0 Li.sub.2O 10.0 10.0 9.0
10.0 9.0 10.0 Na.sub.2O 8.0 6.0 9.0 10.0 9.0 5.0 K.sub.2O 2.0 2.0
2.0 0.0 2.0 5.0 R'.sub.2O 20.0 18.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 TiO.sub.2
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ZrO.sub.2 0.0 0.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 SiO.sub.2
+ B.sub.2O.sub.3 + Al.sub.2O.sub.3 80.0 82.0 76.0 77.0 78.0 80.0
B.sub.2O.sub.3/Al.sub.2O.sub.3 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 RO +
R'.sub.2O 20.0 18.0 22.0 23.0 22.0 20.0 SiO.sub.2 + B.sub.2O.sub.3
+ Al.sub.2O.sub.3 + RO + R'.sub.2O 100.0 100.0 98.0 100.0 100.0
100.0 SiO.sub.2 + B.sub.2O.sub.3 + Al.sub.2O.sub.3 + R'.sub.2O
100.0 100.0 96.0 97.0 98.0 100.0 SiO.sub.2 + B.sub.2O.sub.3 +
Al.sub.2O.sub.3 + RO + 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
R'.sub.2O + TiO.sub.2 + ZrO.sub.2 Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
100.0 100.0 Glass transition point Tg [.degree. C.] 475 483 484 483
476 473 Sag temperature Td [.degree. C.] 525 539 543 534 530 529
Thermal expansion coefficient .alpha. .times. 10.sup.-7 [/.degree.
C.] 90 77 89 84 87 84 Density [g/cm.sup.3] 2.382 2.359 2.492 2.456
2.444 2.415 Young's modulus E [GPa] 72.62 71.84 81.35 83.13 80.45
77.88 Rigidity G [GPa] 29.16 28.96 32.96 33.70 32.73 31.71 In dry
Pressing load [gF] 6952 6952 6952 6952 6952 6952 atmosphere
Fragility index value B [.mu.m.sup.-1/2] 3.5 3.1 3.9 3.8 3.7 3.8
N.sub.2 Vickers hardness Hv [GPa] 5.2 5.0 5.8 5.8 5.7 5.5 Fracture
roughness Kc [MPa/m.sup.1/2] 1.54 1.71 1.53 1.57 1.56 1.51
Probability 20 60 100 100 100 80
TABLE-US-00011 TABLE 11 Examples 62 63 64 65 66 67 Composition
SiO.sub.2 59.0 60.0 60.0 60.0 60.0 61.0 (mol %) B.sub.2O.sub.3 10.5
0.0 5.0 7.5 9.0 5.0 Al.sub.2O.sub.3 10.5 15.0 15.0 7.5 9.0 12.0 MgO
0.0 5.0 0.0 5.0 0.0 5.0 CaO 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ZnO 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 RO 0.0 5.0 0.0 5.0 0.0 5.0 Li.sub.2O 10.0 9.0 9.0 10.0
9.0 10.0 Na.sub.2O 10.0 9.0 9.0 5.0 9.0 5.0 K.sub.2O 0.0 2.0 2.0
5.0 2.0 2.0 R'.sub.2O 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 17.0 TiO.sub.2 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ZrO.sub.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.0 0.0 SiO.sub.2 +
B.sub.2O.sub.3 + Al.sub.2O.sub.3 80.0 75.0 80.0 75.0 78.0 78.0
B.sub.2O.sub.3/Al.sub.2O.sub.3 1.0 0.0 0.3 1.0 1.0 0.4 RO +
R'.sub.2O 20.0 25.0 20.0 25.0 20.0 22.0 SiO.sub.2 + B.sub.2O.sub.3
+ Al.sub.2O.sub.3 + RO + R'.sub.2O 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 98.0
100.0 SiO.sub.2 + B.sub.2O.sub.3 + Al.sub.2O.sub.3 + R'.sub.2O
100.0 95.0 100.0 95.0 98.0 95.0 SiO.sub.2 + B.sub.2O.sub.3 +
Al.sub.2O.sub.3 + RO + 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
R'.sub.2O + TiO.sub.2 + ZrO.sub.2 Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
100.0 100.0 Glass transition point Tg [.degree. C.] 485 530 491 464
487 495 Sag temperature Td [.degree. C.] 536 610 560 535 545 564
Thermal expansion coefficient .alpha. .times. 10.sup.-7 [/.degree.
C.] 82 93 88 91 87 78 Density [g/cm.sup.3] 2.420 2.464 2.428 2.428
2.48 2.422 Young's modulus E [GPa] 80.13 82.79 78.75 79.23 81.53
80.56 Rigidity G [GPa] 32.65 33.71 32.05 32.38 33.22 32.77 In dry
Pressing load [gF] 6952 6952 6952 6952 6952 6952 atmosphere
Fragility index value B [.mu.m.sup.-1/2] 3.5 4.2 4.1 4.2 3.9 3.9
N.sub.2 Vickers hardness Hv [GPa] 5.5 5.7 5.4 5.8 5.8 5.5 Fracture
roughness Kc [MPa/m.sup.1/2] 1.65 -- -- 1.40 1.50 -- Probability 75
80 100 60 80 100
TABLE-US-00012 TABLE 12 Examples 68 69 70 71 72 73 Composition
SiO.sub.2 61.0 62.0 63.0 63.0 63.0 65.0 (mol %) B.sub.2O.sub.3 9.5
7.0 7.5 8.5 8.5 2.5 Al.sub.2O.sub.3 9.5 7.0 7.5 8.5 8.5 10.5 MgO
0.0 2.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 5.0 CaO 0.0 -- 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ZnO 0.0 -- 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 RO 0.0 2.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 5.0 Li.sub.2O 10.0 9.0 9.0 10.0
9.0 10.0 Na.sub.2O 10.0 9.0 9.0 10.0 9.0 5.0 K.sub.2O 0.0 2.0 2.0
0.0 2.0 2.0 R'.sub.2O 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 17.0 TiO.sub.2 0.0
-- 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ZrO.sub.2 0.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 SiO.sub.2 +
B.sub.2O.sub.3 + Al.sub.2O.sub.3 80.0 76.0 78.0 80.0 80.0 78.0
B.sub.2O.sub.3/Al.sub.2O.sub.3 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.2 RO +
R'.sub.2O 20.0 22.0 22.0 20.0 20.0 22.0 SiO.sub.2 + B.sub.2O.sub.3
+ Al.sub.2O.sub.3 + RO + R'.sub.2O 100.0 98.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
100.0 SiO.sub.2 + B.sub.2O.sub.3 + Al.sub.2O.sub.3 + R'.sub.2O
100.0 96.0 98.0 100.0 100.0 95.0 SiO.sub.2 + B.sub.2O.sub.3 +
Al.sub.2O.sub.3 + RO + 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
R'.sub.2O + TiO.sub.2 + ZrO.sub.2 Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
100.0 100.0 Glass transition point Tg [.degree. C.] 483 480 471 480
479 493 Sag temperature Td [.degree. C.] 535 540 528 533 537 568
Thermal expansion coefficient .alpha. .times. 10.sup.-7 [/.degree.
C.] 85 86 89 84 89 80 Density [g/cm.sup.3] 2.427 2.450 2.448 2.431
2.431 2.421 Young's modulus E [GPa] 81.00 83.00 80.96 81.57 79.91
80.67 Rigidity G [GPa] 33.06 -- 33.00 33.37 32.71 33.09 In dry
Pressing load [gF] 6952 6952 6952 6952 6952 6952 atmosphere
Fragility index value B [.mu.m.sup.-1/2] 3.7 4.0 4.1 3.9 3.8 4.1
N.sub.2 Vickers hardness Hv [GPa] 5.6 -- 5.7 5.5 5.5 5.7 Fracture
roughness Kc [MPa/m.sup.1/2] 1.58 -- 1.44 1.51 1.52 -- Probability
40 -- 100 100 100 100
TABLE-US-00013 TABLE 13 Examples 74 75 76 77 Composition SiO.sub.2
65.0 65.0 65.0 65.0 (mol %) B.sub.2O.sub.3 5.0 7.5 7.5 7.5
Al.sub.2O.sub.3 5.0 7.5 7.5 7.5 MgO 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 CaO 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 ZnO 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 RO 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Li.sub.2O 10.0 5.0 10.0
10.0 Na.sub.2O 10.0 10.0 5.0 7.5 K.sub.2O 5.0 5.0 5.0 2.5 R'.sub.2O
25.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 TiO.sub.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ZrO.sub.2 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 SiO.sub.2 + B.sub.2O.sub.3 + Al.sub.2O.sub.3 75.0 80.0 80.0
80.0 B.sub.2O.sub.3/Al.sub.2O.sub.3 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 RO + R'.sub.2O
25.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 SiO.sub.2 + B.sub.2O.sub.3 + Al.sub.2O.sub.3 +
RO + R'.sub.2O 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 SiO.sub.2 + B.sub.2O.sub.3 +
Al.sub.2O.sub.3 + R'.sub.2O 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 SiO.sub.2 +
B.sub.2O.sub.3 + Al.sub.2O.sub.3 + RO + 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
R'.sub.2O + TiO.sub.2 + ZrO.sub.2 Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Glass transition point Tg [.degree. C.] 451 482 475 472 Sag
temperature Td [.degree. C.] 510 541 538 529 Thermal expansion
coefficient .alpha. .times. 10.sup.-7 [/.degree. C.] 107 95 85 84
Density [g/cm.sup.3] 2.453 2.452 2.420 2.429 Young's modulus E
[GPa] 77.98 77.81 78.83 80.62 Rigidity G [GPa] 31.79 31.87 32.27
33.01 In dry Pressing load [gF] 6952 6952 6952 6952 atmosphere
Fragility index value B [.mu.m.sup.-1/2] 4.0 4.3 4.1 3.9 N.sub.2
Vickers hardness Hv [GPa] 5.4 5.4 5.7 5.6 Fracture roughness Kc
[MPa/m.sup.1/2] 1.42 1.31 1.42 1.51 Probability 100 100 100 80
TABLE-US-00014 TABLE 14 Examples 78 79 80 81 Composition SiO.sub.2
65.0 65.0 65.0 65.0 (mol %) B.sub.2O.sub.3 7.5 7.5 7.5 10.0
Al.sub.2O.sub.3 7.5 7.5 7.5 0.0 MgO 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.0 CaO 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 ZnO 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 RO 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.0 Li.sub.2O 10.0 10.0 9.0
5.0 Na.sub.2O 10.0 10.0 9.0 10.0 K.sub.2O 0.0 0.0 2.0 5.0 R'.sub.2O
20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 TiO.sub.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ZrO.sub.2 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 SiO.sub.2 + B.sub.2O.sub.3 + Al.sub.2O.sub.3 80.0 80.0 80.0
75.0 B.sub.2O.sub.3/Al.sub.2O.sub.3 1.0 1.0 1.0 -- RO + R'.sub.2O
20.0 20.0 20.0 25.0 SiO.sub.2 + B.sub.2O.sub.3 + Al.sub.2O.sub.3 +
RO + R'.sub.2O 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 SiO.sub.2 + B.sub.2O.sub.3 +
Al.sub.2O.sub.3 + R'.sub.2O 100.0 100.0 100.0 95.0 SiO.sub.2 +
B.sub.2O.sub.3 + Al.sub.2O.sub.3 + RO + 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
R'.sub.2O + TiO.sub.2 + ZrO.sub.2 Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Glass transition point Tg [.degree. C.] 483 478 477 484 Sag
temperature Td [.degree. C.] 544 533 533 541 Thermal expansion
coefficient .alpha. .times. 10.sup.-7 [/.degree. C.] 83 83 85 98
Density [g/cm.sup.3] 2.440 2.431 2.434 2.477 Young's modulus E
[GPa] 82.07 82.00 80.81 80.64 Rigidity G [GPa] 33.58 33.65 33.15
33.02 In dry Pressing load [gF] 1000 1000 1000 1000 atmosphere
Fragility index value B [.mu.m.sup.-1/2] 3.9 3.8 3.9 4.2 N.sub.2
Vickers hardness Hv [GPa] 5.6 5.6 5.7 5.7 Fracture roughness Kc
[MPa/m.sup.1/2] 1.52 1.53 1.48 1.39 Probability 80 100 100 100
Comparative Examples 1-3
[0105] Table 15 shows physical properties of glasses described in
JP-A-10-158028.
TABLE-US-00015 TABLE 15 Comp. Comp. Comp. Ex. 1 Ex. 2 Ex. 3
Composition SiO.sub.2 69.28 69.94 68.94 (mol %) B.sub.2O.sub.3 --
-- -- Al.sub.2O.sub.3 2.5 2.51 4.24 MgO 6.97 6.96 5.77 CaO 7.97 8
8.28 SrO -- 0.24 1.81 Li.sub.2O -- -- -- Na.sub.2O 1.96 4.93 1.46
K.sub.2O 9.56 6.75 9.25 TiO.sub.2 -- -- -- ZrO.sub.2 1.76 0.66 0.26
Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 Glass transition point Tg[.degree. C.] 657
623 658 Sag temperature Td [.degree. C.] 780 710 732 Thermal
expansion coefficient 86.8 85.8 82.8 .alpha. .times. 10.sup.-7
[/.degree. C.] Density [g/cm.sup.3] 2.52 2.49 2.51 Young's modulus
E[GPa] 80.5 80.3 81.5 Pressing load [gF] 1000 1000 1000 Fragility
index value B[.mu.m.sup.-1/2] 7.2 7.2 7.1 Vickers hardness Hv [GPa]
6.1 6.1 6.2 Fracture roughness Kc [MPa/m.sup.1/2] 0.90 0.91
1.05
Example 82
[0106] Using the glasses obtained in Examples 1-81, glass
substrates for an information recording medium and magnetic disks
were prepared by consecutively carrying out (1) a preliminary
lapping step, (2) a form processing step, (3) a precision lapping
step, (4) a step of processing an end surface to form a mirror
face, (5) a first polishing step, (6) a second polishing step, (7)
an inspection step and (8) a magnetic disk production step.
[0107] Pure water was used as a water in a polishing liquid for use
with polishing machines from the (4) step of processing an
end-surface to form a mirror face to the (6) second polishing
step.
[0108] (1) Preliminary Lapping Step
[0109] First, a disk-shaped glass substrate having a diameter of 96
mm and a thickness of 1.5 mm was obtained from a molten glass by a
direct-pressing method using an upper mold member, a lower mold
member and a sleeve. In this case, besides the direct-pressing, a
down drawing method or a floating method may be employed to form a
sheet glass, and the sheet glass may be cut with a cutting grinder
to obtain a disk-shaped glass substrate.
[0110] Then, the glass substrate was subjected to a lapping step
for improving the glass substrate in dimensional accuracy and form
accuracy. The lapping step was carried out with a double-side
lapping apparatus using abrasive grains having a particle size of
#400. Specifically, alumina abrasive grains having a particle size
of #400 were used, and a load of approximately 980 N was employed.
And, both the surfaces of the glass substrate encased in a carrier
were lapped to attain a surface accuracy of 0 to 1 .mu.m and a
surface roughness (R.sub.max) of approximately 6 .mu.m by rotating
a sun gear and an internal gear.
[0111] (2) Form Processing Step
[0112] Then, a hole was made in the central potion of the glass
substrate with a cylindrical grinder, and the circumferential
(outer) end surface of the glass substrate was cut with the
cylindrical grinder until the glass substrate had a diameter of 95
mm. Then, the outer end surface and the inner end surface of the
glass substrate were chamfered. In this case, the end surfaces of
the glass substrate had a surface roughness, R.sub.max, of
approximately 4 .mu.m.
[0113] (3) Precision Lapping Step
[0114] Then, the abrasive grains were changed to abrasive grains
having a particle size of #1,000, and the glass substrate surfaces
were lapped, to attain a surface roughness, R.sub.max, of
approximately 2 .mu.m and a surface roughness, Ra, of approximately
0.2 .mu.m. Then, the glass substrate that was finished with the
above lapping step was consecutively immersed in a neutral
detergent and water (with application of ultrasonic waves) to carry
out ultrasonic cleaning.
[0115] (4) Step of Processing End Surface to Form Mirror
Surface
[0116] Then, while the glass substrate was rotated, the (inner and
outer) end surfaces of the glass substrate were polished by brush
polishing until the end surfaces had a surface roughness,
R.sub.max, of 1 .mu.m and a surface roughness, Ra, of approximately
0.3 .mu.m. Then, the glass substrate that was finished with the
above mirror-surface processing of the end surfaces was cleaned
with water.
[0117] (5) First Polishing Step
[0118] Then, the first polishing step was carried out with a
double-side polishing apparatus for removing scratches and strains
that were caused to remain by the above lapping step. In the
double-side polishing apparatus, the glass substrate held with a
carrier was intimately placed between polishing pads attached to
upper and lower bases, and the carrier was engaged with a sun gear
and an internal gear to sandwich and press the above glass
substrate with the upper and lower bases. Thereafter, a polishing
liquid was supplied into between the polishing pads and those
surfaces of the glass substrate which were to be polished, and the
glass substrate was rotated, whereby the both the surfaces of the
glass substrate were concurrently polished while the glass
substrate rotated while turning on its axis on the bases. As a
double-side polishing apparatus in Examples hereinafter, the same
apparatus was used.
[0119] Specifically, a hard polisher (hard polyurethane foam) was
used as a polisher, and the polishing step was carried out.
Polishing conditions were as follows. Cerium oxide (average
particle diameter 1.3 .mu.m)+pure water were used as a polishing
liquid. A load was set at 9.8 mN/mm.sup.2, and a polishing time
period was set for 15 minutes. The glass substrate that was
finished with the above first polishing step was consecutively
immersed in washing vessels of neutral detergent, pure water, pure
water, isopropyl alcohol (IPA) and IPA (vapor drying) to carry out
ultrasonic cleaning, and dried.
[0120] (6) Second Polishing Step
[0121] Then, the same double-side polishing apparatus as that used
in the first polishing step was used, the polisher was replaced
with a soft polisher (suede pads), and the second polishing step
was carried out. The second polishing step was carried out, for
example, for decreasing the surface roughness, Ra, to approximately
1.0 to 0.3 .mu.m while maintaining the flat surface obtained by the
above first polishing step. Polishing conditions were as follows.
Cerium oxide (average particle diameter 0.8 .mu.m)+pure water were
used as a polishing liquid. A load was set at 9.8 mN/mm.sup.2, and
a polishing time period was set for 15 minutes. The glass substrate
that was finished with the above second polishing step was
consecutively immersed in washing vessels of neutral detergent,
pure water, pure water, IPA and IPA (vapor drying) to carry out
ultrasonic cleaning, and dried.
[0122] The glass substrates that were processed as described above
in this Example were not chemically strengthened but did not
undergo any fracture during the above polishing steps and during
handlings thereof between one step and another step.
[0123] (7) Inspection Step
[0124] The surfaces of the glass substrates that were finished with
the above drying step were visually inspected and closely inspected
by utilizing light reflection, scattering and transmission. As a
result, defects such as scratches were found in the surfaces of the
glass substrates.
[0125] The main surfaces of the glass substrates that were finished
with the above step were measured for surface roughness with an
atomic force microscope, to show that glass substrates for magnetic
disks, which glass substrates had an ultra-smooth surface having an
R.sub.max of 2.13 nm and an Ra of 0.20 nm, were obtained.
[0126] (8) Magnetic Disk Production Step
[0127] An NiAl seed layer, a CrV undercoat layer, CoPtCrB magnetic
layer and a carbon halide protective layer were consecutively
formed on both the main surfaces of each of the glass substrates
(for magnetic disks) obtained through the above steps. Further, a
perfluoropolyether lubricant layer was formed by a dipping method,
to give magnetic disks. The thus-obtained magnetic disks were
tested for a touch down height, to show an excellent value of 5 nm.
Further, the magnetic disks were subjected to a load-and-load test
(100,000 times) to show that no head clashed.
Example 83
[0128] Magnetic disks were prepared in the same manner as in
Example 82 except that the following chemically strengthening step
was carried out between the (6) second polishing step and the (7)
inspection step.
[0129] In the chemically strengthening step, a chemically
strengthening solution containing a mixture of potassium nitrate
and sodium nitrate was provided, the chemically strengthening
solution was heated to 380.degree. C., and the above cleaned and
dried glass substrates were immersed therein for approximately 4
hours for chemical strengthening. The chemically strengthened glass
substrates were consecutively immersed in washing vessels of
neutral detergent, pure water, pure water, IPA and IPA (vapor
drying) to carry out ultrasonic cleaning, and dried.
[0130] A 0.4 mm thick thin piece was cut from each of the obtained
glass substrates and measured through a polarizing microscope, to
show that chemically strengthened layers were formed. The glass
substrates in this Example did not undergo any fracture during the
above polishing steps and during handlings thereof between one step
and another step.
[0131] The thus-obtained magnetic disks were tested for a touch
down height, to show an excellent value of 5 nm. Further, the
magnetic disks were subjected to a load-and-load test (100,000
times) to show that no head clashed.
[0132] The glass substrate for an information recording medium,
provided by the present invention, is excellent in scratch
resistance and light in weight, and has high resistance to progress
of fractures or has high fracture toughness. As compared with any
conventional glass substrate for an information recording medium,
the glass substrate of the present invention can serve to greatly
decrease a breakage during the production of magnetic disks and
during the use of an information recording medium. Further, since a
glass for a glass substrate can be produced at a cost equivalent to
the cost required for commercially available glass substrates or at
a low cost, the glass is promising as a less-expensive
next-generation glass substrate for a magnetic information
recording medium.
* * * * *