U.S. patent application number 12/407625 was filed with the patent office on 2009-08-27 for propelled bicycle with automatic transmission.
Invention is credited to Dan Bon.
Application Number | 20090211828 12/407625 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 39230735 |
Filed Date | 2009-08-27 |
United States Patent
Application |
20090211828 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Bon; Dan |
August 27, 2009 |
PROPELLED BICYCLE WITH AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION
Abstract
An automatic transmission bicycle including a bicycle frame, a
chain ring, a pair of pedals, a wheel, and a plurality of gears
coupled to the bicycle frame. The plurality of gears has a
plurality of gear combinations defined by at least two gears
cooperatively engaged. The automatic transmission bicycle includes
an electric motor coupled to the bicycle frame. The automatic
transmission bicycle includes a voltage generator configured to
generate a current that has a corresponding voltage dependent upon
rotational speed of the wheel. The automatic transmission bicycle
includes a gear shifter in electrical communication with the
voltage generator and configured to receive the current generated
by the voltage generator. The gear shifter shifts between two
respective gear combinations from the plurality of gear
combinations in response to receiving the current that has a
corresponding voltage within a predetermined voltage range.
Inventors: |
Bon; Dan; (Fountain Valley,
CA) |
Correspondence
Address: |
STETINA BRUNDA GARRED & BRUCKER
75 ENTERPRISE, SUITE 250
ALISO VIEJO
CA
92656
US
|
Family ID: |
39230735 |
Appl. No.: |
12/407625 |
Filed: |
March 19, 2009 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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11525365 |
Sep 22, 2006 |
7547021 |
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12407625 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
180/206.4 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B62M 11/18 20130101;
B62M 6/55 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
180/205 |
International
Class: |
B62M 9/00 20060101
B62M009/00 |
Claims
1. (canceled)
2. (canceled)
3. (canceled)
4. (canceled)
5. (canceled)
6. (canceled)
7. (canceled)
8. (canceled)
9. (canceled)
10. (canceled)
11. An automatic transmission bicycle comprising: a bicycle frame;
a front fork rotatably coupled to the bicycle frame; a chain ring
rotatably coupled to the bicycle frame, the chain ring comprising
an output gear and an input gear; a pair of pedals attached to the
chain ring; a rear wheel rotatably coupled to the bicycle frame; a
front wheel rotatably coupled to the front fork; a plurality of
gears coupled to the bicycle frame, the plurality of gears having a
plurality of gear combinations defined by at least two
cooperatively engaged gears; a first chain extendable about the
chain ring and operative to drive the rear wheel; a motor coupled
to the bicycle frame, the motor having an output gear; a second
chain extendable about the output gear of the motor and the input
gear of the chain ring for rotateably driving the chain ring under
power of the motor; an electrical signal generator coupled to the
front fork or the bicycle frame, the electrical signal generator in
mechanical communication with the front or rear wheel and
configured to generate an electrical signal based on a rotational
speed of the front wheel or rear wheel; and a gear shifter coupled
to the bicycle frame, the gear shifter in electrical communication
with the electrical signal generator and configured to receive the
electrical signal from electrical signal generator, the gear
shifter configured to exert a mechanical force upon the plurality
of gears to shift between two respective gear combinations of the
plurality of gear combinations in response to receiving the
electrical signal from the signal generator, the gear shifter
including: a cable in mechanical communication with the plurality
of gears, the cable defining a cable axis and configured to move
axially along the cable axis in response to the gear shifter
receiving the electrical signal from the electrical signal
generator within a predetermined range; and a biasing member in
mechanical communication with the cable, the biasing member
configured to exert a force upon the cable dependent upon the gear
shifter receiving the electrical signal within a predetermined
range.
12. An automatic transmission bicycle comprising: a bicycle frame;
a front fork rotatably coupled to the bicycle frame; a chain ring
rotatably coupled to the bicycle frame, the chain ring comprising
an output gear and an input gear; a pair of pedals attached to the
chain ring; a rear wheel rotatably coupled to the bicycle frame; a
front wheel rotatably coupled to the front fork; a plurality of
gears coupled to the bicycle frame, the plurality of gears having a
plurality of gear combinations defined by at least two
cooperatively engaged gears; a first chain extendable about the
chain ring and operative to drive the rear wheel; a motor coupled
to the bicycle frame and disposed between the chain ring and the
front wheel, the motor having an output gear; a second chain
extendable about the output gear of the motor and the input gear of
the chain ring for rotateably driving the chain ring under power of
the motor; an electrical signal generator coupled to the front fork
or the bicycle frame, the electrical signal generator in mechanical
communication with the front or rear wheel and configured to
generate an electrical signal corresponding to a rotational speed
of the front or rear wheel; and a gear shifter coupled to the
bicycle frame, the gear shifter in electrical communication with
the electrical signal generator and configured to receive the
electrical signal from electrical signal generator, the gear
shifter configured to exert a mechanical force upon the plurality
of gears via a cable to shift between two respective gear
combinations of the plurality of gear combinations in response to
receiving the electrical signal from the electrical signal
generator.
13. An automatic transmission bicycle comprising: a bicycle frame;
a front fork rotatably coupled to the bicycle frame; a chain ring
rotatably coupled to the bicycle frame, the chain ring comprising
an output gear and an input gear; a pair of pedals attached to the
chain ring; a rear wheel rotatably coupled to the bicycle frame; a
front wheel rotatably coupled to the front fork; a gearing
mechanism coupled to the bicycle frame; a first chain extendable
about the chain ring and operative to drive the rear wheel; an
electric motor coupled to the bicycle frame, the electric motor
having a motor electric circuit for powering the electric motor and
an output gear; a second chain extendable about the output gear of
the electric motor and the input gear of the chain ring for
rotateably driving the chain ring under power of the electric
motor; an electrical signal generator coupled to the front fork or
the bicycle frame, the electric signal generator having a signal
generator electric circuit which is independent from the motor
electric circuit, the electrical signal generator in mechanical
communication with the front or rear wheel and configured to
generate an electrical signal corresponding to a rotational speed
of the front or rear wheel; and a gear shifter coupled to the
bicycle frame, the gear shifter in electrical communication with
the electrical signal generator and configured to receive the
electrical signal from electrical signal generator, the gear
shifter configured to exert a mechanical force on gearing mechanism
to change a gear ratio in response to receiving the electrical
signal from the electrical signal generator.
14. The automatic transmission bicycle of claim 13 wherein the
electrical signal generator is a voltage generator and the signal
is a current produced by the voltage generator.
15. The automatic transmission bicycle of claim 13 wherein the
gearing mechanism is a planetary gear system, a plurality of
exposed gears or a plurality of internal gears.
16. The automatic transmission bicycle of claim 13 further
comprising a battery for powering the electric motor.
17. The automatic transmission bicycle of claim 16 wherein the
signal generator electric circuit is separate from the motor
electric circuit such that the signal generator and gear shifter
are capable of continued operation despite failure of the batter.
Description
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] Not Applicable
STATEMENT RE: FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH/DEVELOPMENT
[0002] Not Applicable
BACKGROUND
[0003] The present invention relates generally to propelled
bicycles and, more particularly, to a propelled bicycle with an
automatic transmission. Preferably, the automatic transmission of
the electric bicycle is dependent upon voltage generated.
[0004] Traditional pedal bicycles powered by the user via pedals
are well known and are continuously improved upon. One such
improvement includes the multi-speed bicycle, which has a plurality
of gears. The user of the multi-speed bicycle may shift between
different gears based on the users' preferred pedaling speed or
based upon the terrain. Multi-speed bicycles have manual
transmissions that allow the user to choose when to shift between
gears. Generally, the user may shift a lever causing a cable to
either pull or release depending on whether the user is up shifting
or downshifting between gears. The cable may be used for various
gearing systems such as a derailleur gears or an internally geared
hub. When the cable is either pulled or released, it may facilitate
a rear derailleur to derail the bicycle chain from one gear or
sprocket to another gear or sprocket. The disadvantage of manual
transmissions is that many bicyclists do not understand the logic
of shifting gear levers to reach a desired balance between torque
and speed. Unlike driving an automatic transmission automobile,
gear shifting on a bicycle is not a simple linear progression, but
a function of the ratio of the gear sizes, which may be variable.
Many users may fiddle with the gear shifting levers. Shifting gears
manually may not be accurate, it is possible to over- or
under-shift due to an imprecise rear derailleur. Over- or
under-shifting may cause the bicycle chain to slip off the gear or
sprocket. To overcome these problems an automatic transmission for
the multi-speed bicycle was invented.
[0005] The automatic transmission for a multi-speed bicycle is well
known in the art. The automatic transmission may consist of a
computer-controlled system within a gear shifter that monitors the
speed and momentum of the bike usually via a wheel-mounted sensor.
The computer system may process information to determine an
appropriate speed at which to shift gears. The processor may
instruct the gear shifter to pull or release the cable of the
gearing system to shift between gears.
[0006] A further improvement upon the traditional pedal bicycle was
the electric bicycle. The electric bicycle is well known in the
art. The electric bicycle generally consists of a battery powered
dc electric motor coupled to the bicycle frame. The electric
bicycle may be powered by the electric motor. The user may choose
not to pedal and rely on the electric motor to power the bicycle.
Other advantages may include improved top speed, more power for
traversing steep hills, more power for traversing a substantial
amount of wind resistance or rough terrain when pedaling the
bicycle may prove to be too difficult. Despite the various
advantages, there may be a few disadvantages and inefficiencies
associated with electric bicycles. Multi-speed electric bicycles
with manual transmissions may be harder to determine when to shift
gears because it may be harder for the user to judge or determine
the appropriate gear when the rider is not pedaling.
[0007] The addition of an electric motor and a sufficiently sized
storage battery to power the electric motor may add a substantial
amount of weight to the bicycle frame. Electric bicycles may
include the battery and the electric motor positioned near the
upper portion of the bicycle frame. If the electric motor or
battery is above the front hub or rear hub of the bicycle frame the
center of gravity may be elevated. An elevated center of gravity
may make turning the electric bicycle more difficult. The user of
the electric bicycle may lose control or balance of the electric
bicycle in situations where it is unlikely that a traditional pedal
bicycle would encounter the same problem. Additionally, because the
battery and electric motor may be bulky it may be uncomfortable for
the user to ride the bicycle. The user may have to use caution to
avoid contacting the battery or motor with his or her legs while
riding.
[0008] Starting from rest with an electric bicycle may be very
challenging. If a user would like to start from rest on a steep
hill or difficult terrain, a substantial amount of torque may be
required. Direct current electric motors generally have the highest
torque output at high revolution per minute ("rpm") range. Because
the electric bicycles may only achieve the requisite torque at a
substantial rpm level, the electric bicycle may not have enough
power to start from rest.
[0009] Thus, there exists a need in the art for an improved
electric bicycle.
BRIEF SUMMARY
[0010] According to an aspect of the present invention, there is
provided a propelled automatic transmission bicycle. The automatic
transmission bicycle includes a bicycle frame, a chain ring
rotatably coupled to the bicycle frame, a pair of pedals rotatably
coupled to the bicycle frame, a wheel rotatably coupled to the
bicycle frame, and a plurality of gears coupled to the bicycle
frame. The plurality of gears has a plurality of gear combinations
defined by at least two gears cooperatively engaged. The automatic
transmission bicycle includes a bicycle chain that is extendable
about the chain ring. The bicycle chain is in mechanical
communication with the plurality of gears. The bicycle chain
defines an axis of motion. The automatic transmission bicycle
preferably includes an electric motor coupled to the bicycle frame.
The electric motor is engageable with the bicycle chain to move the
bicycle chain along the axis of motion. The automatic transmission
bicycle includes a voltage generator coupled to the bicycle frame.
The voltage generator is in mechanical communication with the
wheel. The voltage generator is configured to generate a current
that has a corresponding voltage dependent upon rotational speed of
the wheel. The automatic transmission bicycle also includes a gear
shifter coupled to the bicycle frame. The gear shifter is in
electrical communication with the voltage generator and configured
to receive the current generated by the voltage generator. The gear
shifter is configured to exert a mechanical force upon the
plurality of gears to shift between two respective gear
combinations from the plurality of gear combinations in response to
receiving the current that has a corresponding voltage within a
predetermined voltage range.
[0011] According to further embodiments of the present invention,
the gear shifter may comprise a cable in mechanical communication
with the plurality of gears. The cable defines a cable axis. The
cable may be configured to move axially along the cable axis in
response to the gear shifter receiving the current that has a
corresponding voltage within a predetermined voltage range. The
gear shifter may include a torsion spring in mechanical
communication with the cable. The torsion spring may be configured
to exert a force upon the cable dependent upon the gear shifter
receiving the current that has a corresponding voltage within a
predetermined voltage range.
[0012] The gear shifter may include a processor unit. The processor
unit may have an associated voltage range corresponding to each
gear combination from the plurality of gear combinations. The
processor unit may facilitate appropriate gear combinations from
the plurality of gear combinations in response to receiving the
current that has a corresponding voltage within a predetermined
voltage range. Additionally, the gear shifter may include the
processor unit with an adjustable associated voltage range
corresponding to each gear combination from the plurality of gear
combinations. If the user desires faster gear combination shifts at
lower speeds, the user may decrease the associated voltage range
corresponding to each gear combination. If the user would like
delayed gear combination shifts at higher speeds, the user may
increase the associated voltage range corresponding to each gear
combination. The gear shifter may also be configured to receive the
current generated by the voltage generator continuously during
rotation of the wheel.
[0013] The automatic transmission bicycle may include a front hub
coupled to the bicycle frame. The voltage generator is coupled to
the front hub.
[0014] The automatic transmission bicycle may include the electric
motor coupled to the bicycle frame between the chain ring and the
wheel. The automatic transmission bicycle may also include a
battery coupled to the bicycle frame adjacent to the chain ring.
The battery is in electrical communication with the electric motor.
Additionally, the automatic transmission bicycle may include a
planetary gear reducer coupled to the electric motor.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0015] These and other features and advantages of the various
embodiments disclosed herein will be better understood with respect
to the following description and drawings, in which like numbers
refer to like parts throughout, and in which:
[0016] FIG. 1 is a side view of the propelled automatic
transmission bicycle with a voltage dependent automatic
transmission;
[0017] FIG. 2 is another side view of the bicycle with a voltage
dependent automatic transmission;
[0018] FIG. 3 is a side view illustrating a gear shifter and an
internally geared hub;
[0019] FIG. 3A is a partial view of a handlebar;
[0020] FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an internally
geared hub with a planetary gear system;
[0021] FIG. 5 is a sectional view illustrating a planetary gear
system; and
[0022] FIG. 6 is a disassembled view illustrating the gear
shifter.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0023] Referring now to the drawings wherein the showings are for
purposes of illustrating embodiments of the present invention only
and not for purposes of limiting the same, shown in FIG. 1 is a
propelled automatic transmission bicycle 10. The automatic
transmission bicycle includes a bicycle frame 12, a chain ring 14
rotatably coupled to the bicycle frame 12, a pair of pedals 16
rotatably coupled to the bicycle frame 12, and a wheel 18 rotatably
coupled to the bicycle frame 12.
[0024] Referring now to FIGS. 3, 4, and 5 the propelled automatic
transmission bicycle 10 also includes a plurality of gears 20
coupled to the bicycle frame 12. The plurality of gears 20 have a
plurality of gear combinations defined by at least two gears
cooperatively engaged. In an embodiment of the present invention,
the plurality of gears 20 is an internally geared hub as shown in
FIG. 4. Internally geared hubs are well known in the art. The
advantage of internally geared hubs include gears not exposed to
dirt or weather, less maintenance required, more reliable, the gear
can be changed when the bicycle is stationary, and less vulnerable
than derailleur gears to damage. The internally geared hub 20 may
be any conventional type of internally geared hub 20, for example
the type commercially available from Shimano Corporation of Osaka,
Japan and sold as a Shimano Inter-3 Rear Hub 3-Speed. Internally
geared hubs use a planetary gear system 22 to achieve a gear ratio
between a sprocket 24 (power input) and a connection to the wheel
26 (power output). FIG. 5 shows a sectional view of a planetary
gear system 22 using a sun gear 28 that engages a plurality of
planet gears 30 simultaneously. The planet gears 30 engage the
inside of a ring gear 32. The planetary gear system 22 produces
different gear ratios dependent upon whether the sun gear 28,
planet gears 30, or ring gear 32 are used as input, output, or kept
stationary. Referring now back to FIG. 4, the internally geared hub
20 has an axle 34 allowing for the planetary gear system 22 to
shift back and forth along the axle 34. The axle 34 shifts the
planetary gear system 22 in response to a force exerted upon a
cable lever 36. When the planetary gear system 22 shifts along the
axle 34, the ring gear 32 and the planet gears 30 may be engaged or
disengaged from the sprocket 24 and the connection to the wheel 26,
thus changing the gear combinations. The change in gear
combinations results in a change in gear ratio.
[0025] In another embodiment of the invention the plurality of
gears 20 may include a cassette with exposed gears such as a
derailleur gear system. The plurality of gears 20 may be controlled
by a derailleur mechanism utilizing centrifugal weights to provide
an automatic transmission function, such as manufactured by Fallon,
a Taiwanese company. The derailleur mechanism shifts between gears,
effectively changing gear combination and gear ratio.
Alternatively, other automatic transmissions are contemplated
herein such as an electronic activated rear derailleur system
manufactured by Shimano Corporation or a rear hub cone/belt
automatic transmission manufactured by Fallbrook Technology of
Fallbrook, Calif., the disclosure of which is expressly
incorporated herein by reference.
[0026] Referring now to FIG. 2, the automatic transmission bicycle
10 includes a bicycle chain 38 that is extendable about the chain
ring 14. The bicycle chain 38 is in mechanical communication with
the plurality of gears 20. The bicycle chain 38 defines an axis of
motion 40. The automatic transmission bicycle 10 includes an
electric motor 42. The electric motor 42 is coupled to the bicycle
frame 12. The electric motor 42 is engageable with the bicycle
chain 38 to move the bicycle chain 38 along the axis of motion 40.
The electric motor 42 may be any conventional type of dc electric
motor, for example the type commercially available from MAC/BMC of
St. Louis, Mo. and sold as a MAC brushless 600-watt direct current
electric motor. In addition, those having skill in the art will
recognize that other propelling systems such as electric hybrid and
gasoline powered engines are contemplated for use herein.
[0027] Preferably, the automatic transmission bicycle 10 may
include the electric motor 42 coupled to the bicycle frame 12
between the chain ring 14 and the wheel 18. The electric automatic
transmission bicycle 10 may also include a battery 62 coupled to
the bicycle frame 12 adjacent to the chain ring 14. The battery 62
is in electrical communication with the electric motor 42. In this
embodiment of the present invention, the center of gravity for the
electric bicycle 10 is minimized by positioning the electric motor
42 between the wheel 18 and the chain ring 14. Furthermore, the
location of the battery 62 adjacent to the chain ring 14 helps the
electric bicycle 10 maintain a low center of gravity. In addition
to minimizing the center of gravity of the bicycle 10, the electric
motor 42 and the battery 62 are sufficiently positioned to prevent
the user from riding in an awkward position to avoid accidentally
contacting the electric motor 42 or the battery 62.
[0028] Referring again to FIG. 5, the automatic transmission
bicycle 10 may include a planetary gear system 22 coupled to the
electric motor 42. The planetary gear system 22 may be used as a
planetary gear reducer. Direct current electric motors generally
have the highest torque output at high revolution per minute range.
The planetary gear reducer allows the direct current electric motor
42 to output the electric motor's highest torque range at low
revolution per minute range. Thus, the bicycle 10 has sufficient
torque to start from rest without requiring the user to pedal.
[0029] Referring again to FIG. 2, the automatic transmission
bicycle 10 includes a voltage generator 44. The voltage generator
44 is coupled to the bicycle frame 12. The voltage generator 44 is
in mechanical communication with the wheel 18 and is configured to
generate a current that has a corresponding voltage dependent upon
rotational speed of the wheel 18. Voltage generators are well known
in the art. Voltage generators are used on traditional pedal
bicycles. For example, a voltage generator may be used to
illuminate a lamp mounted on the bicycle frame. Voltage generators
are also applied to regular pedal bicycles with an automatic
transmission. The voltage generator 44 is generally a
self-energizing system that provides the power to the automatic
transmission. Voltage generators use electromagnetic principles to
convert mechanical rotation into an alternating electric current.
The voltage generator 44 moves a magnet near a wire to create a
steady flow of electrons. As the rotational speed of the wheel 18
increases, the current generated and the corresponding voltage
increase. Similarly, as the rotational speed of the wheel 18
decreases, the current generated and the corresponding voltage
decrease. In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the
voltage generator 44 may be the type commercially available from
Shimano Corporation of Osaka, Japan and sold as the Shimano Front
Hub Dynamo.
[0030] The automatic transmission bicycle 10 may include a front
hub 58 coupled to the bicycle frame 12. The voltage generator 44 is
coupled to the front hub 58. In another embodiment of the
invention, the automatic transmission bicycle 10 may include a rear
hub 60 coupled to the bicycle frame 12. The voltage generator 44
may be coupled to the rear hub 60.
[0031] Referring now to FIGS. 3 and 6, the automatic transmission
bicycle 10 includes a gear shifter 46. The gear shifter 46 is
coupled to the bicycle frame 12. The gear shifter 46 is in
electrical communication with the voltage generator 44 and is
configured to receive the current generated by the voltage
generator 44. The gear shifter 46 is configured to exert a
mechanical force upon the plurality of gears 20 to shift between
two respective gear combinations from the plurality of gear
combinations in response to receiving the current having a
corresponding voltage within a predetermined voltage range. Gear
shifters are well known in the art and have been used for automatic
transmissions for non-motorized multi-speed bicycles. In the
embodiment of the present invention, the gear shifter 46 is a NEXUS
CPU AI-3S30 made by Shimano Corporation located in Osaka,
Japan.
[0032] According to further embodiments of the present invention,
the gear shifter 46 may comprise a cable 48 in mechanical
communication with the plurality of gears 20. The cable 48 defines
a cable axis 50. The cable 48 may be configured to move axially
along the cable axis 50 in response to the gear shifter 46
receiving the current that has a corresponding voltage within a
predetermined voltage range. The gear shifter 46 may include a
torsion spring 52 in mechanical communication with the cable 48.
The torsion spring 52 may be configured to exert a force upon the
cable 48 dependent upon the gear shifter 46 receiving the current
that has a corresponding voltage within a predetermined voltage
range. An aspect of the present invention contemplates receiving a
current from the voltage generator 44 having a corresponding
voltage within a predetermined voltage range. In response, the
torsion spring 52 exerts a force upon the cable 48 resulting in the
cable lever 36 shifting and changing the gear combination.
[0033] The gear shifter 46 may include a processor unit 54. The
processor unit 54 may have an associated voltage range
corresponding to each gear combination from the plurality of gear
combinations. The processor unit 54 may facilitate appropriate gear
combinations from the plurality of gear combinations in response to
the gear shifter 46 receiving the current that has a corresponding
voltage within a predetermined voltage range. Additionally, the
gear shifter 46 may include the processor unit 54 with an
adjustable associated voltage range corresponding to each gear
combination from the plurality of gear combinations. The associated
voltage range may be adjusted using a knob 56. The knob 56 may
facilitate alternate shifting points for the different gear
combinations. If the user desires faster gear combination shifts at
lower speeds, the user may decrease the associated voltage range
corresponding to each gear combination. If the user would like
delayed gear combination shifts at higher speeds, the user may
increase the associated voltage range corresponding to each gear
combination. For example, if the user shifts the knob 56 for faster
gear combination shifts at lower speeds, the associated voltage
range corresponding to each gear combination is decreased. Because
the voltage generated is dependent upon the rotational speed of the
wheel 18, the associated voltage range may be achieved at a slower
rotational speed of the wheel 18. If the user shifts the knob 56
for slower gear combination shifts at higher speeds, the associated
voltage range corresponding to each gear combination is increased.
Thus, the rotational speed of the wheel 18 must be greater in order
to generate a current having a corresponding voltage that is within
the associated voltage range. The gear shifter 46 may also be
configured to receive the current generated by the voltage
generator 44 continuously during rotation of the wheel 18.
[0034] While an illustrative and presently preferred embodiment of
the invention has been described in detail herein, it is to be
understood that the inventive concepts may be otherwise variously
embodied and employed.
* * * * *