U.S. patent application number 12/453102 was filed with the patent office on 2009-08-27 for system and method for extracting potable water from atmosphere.
Invention is credited to Diego Luis Filipe Bernardo Castanon Seoane.
Application Number | 20090211275 12/453102 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 46321727 |
Filed Date | 2009-08-27 |
United States Patent
Application |
20090211275 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Castanon Seoane; Diego Luis Filipe
Bernardo |
August 27, 2009 |
System and method for extracting potable water from atmosphere
Abstract
A system for producing potable water from atmosphere includes an
enclosure with at least one intake port and exhaust port. The
system includes a plurality of panels arranged within the enclosure
substantially parallel to each other along a central axis. Each of
the panels is made of a material on which water condensate from the
atmosphere forms in response to a temperature differential between
the material and the atmosphere passed through the enclosure. The
system includes a plurality of conduits arranged to pass through
the panels. A cooling fluid is passed through the conduits to cool
the panels. The amount of water condensate formed on surfaces of
the panels in response to cooling is detected. The panels are
rotated about the central axis within the enclosure to remove the
water condensate from the surfaces of the panels when the detected
amount of water condensate exceeds a predetermined threshold.
Inventors: |
Castanon Seoane; Diego Luis Filipe
Bernardo; (Port Moody, CA) |
Correspondence
Address: |
Antony C. Edwards
P.O. Box 26020
Westbank
BC
V4T 2G3
CA
|
Family ID: |
46321727 |
Appl. No.: |
12/453102 |
Filed: |
April 29, 2009 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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11017856 |
Dec 22, 2004 |
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12453102 |
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10949249 |
Sep 27, 2004 |
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11017856 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
62/93 ; 62/150;
62/291 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B01D 53/265 20130101;
B01D 5/009 20130101; Y02A 20/109 20180101; B01D 5/0087 20130101;
B01D 5/0051 20130101; E03B 3/28 20130101; Y02A 20/00 20180101 |
Class at
Publication: |
62/93 ; 62/291;
62/150 |
International
Class: |
F25D 17/06 20060101
F25D017/06; F25D 21/14 20060101 F25D021/14; F25D 21/02 20060101
F25D021/02 |
Claims
1. A system for producing potable water from atmosphere,
comprising: an enclosure, wherein the enclosure comprises: at least
one sealable intake port; and at least one sealable exhaust port; a
plurality of panels arranged within the enclosure substantially
parallel to each other along a central axis, wherein each of the
plurality of panels is comprised of a material on which water
condensate from the atmosphere forms in response to a temperature
differential between the material and the atmosphere passed through
the enclosure; and a plurality of conduits arranged to pass through
the plurality of panels, wherein a cooling fluid is passed through
the plurality of conduits to cool the plurality of panels, wherein
an amount of the water condensate formed on surfaces of the
plurality of panels in response to cooling is detected, and wherein
the plurality of panels are configured to be rotated about the
central axis within the enclosure to remove the water condensate
from the surfaces of the plurality of panels when the detected
amount of the water condensate exceeds a predetermined
threshold.
2. The system of claim 1, comprising: a sensor circuit located
proximate to the plurality of panels, wherein the sensor circuit is
configured to detect the amount of the water condensate formed on
the surfaces of the plurality of panels in response to cooling.
3. The system of claim 2, comprising: an atmosphere flow regulator,
wherein the atmosphere flow regulator is configured to pass the
atmosphere through the at least one sealable intake port into the
enclosure and over the surfaces of the plurality of panels.
4. The system of claim 3, comprising: a control circuit in
communication with the atmosphere flow regulator, wherein the
control circuit is configured to control the atmosphere flow
regulator to control a passage of the atmosphere over the surfaces
of the plurality of panels, and wherein a volume of atmosphere
passed over the surfaces of the plurality of panels is dependent
upon a humidity of the atmosphere detected by the sensor
circuit.
5. The system of claim 1, wherein the plurality of conduits
penetrate the plurality of panels substantially perpendicular to
the plurality of panels, and wherein the plurality of conduits are
arranged substantially parallel to the central axis.
6. The system of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of panels
is separated from an adjacent panel by a predetermined
distance.
7. The system of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of conduits
is separated from an adjacent conduit by a predetermined
distance.
8. The system of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of panels
comprises metal.
9. The system of claim 8, wherein the metal comprises aluminum.
10. The system of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of
conduits comprises metal.
11. The system of claim 1, wherein the cooling fluid comprises
water.
12. The system of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of panels
comprises two pairs of opposing edges, wherein a first pair of
opposing edges is curved, and wherein a second pair of opposing
edges is substantially straight.
13. The system of claim 1, wherein the plurality of conduits are in
fluid communication with each other.
14. The system of claim 1, comprising: an atmosphere filtration
device, wherein the atmosphere filtration device is configured to
filter the atmosphere passed into the enclosure via the at least
one sealable intake port.
15. The system of claim 1, comprising: a collector, wherein the
collector is configured to hold collected water condensate removed
from the surfaces of the plurality of panels that is passed out of
the at least one sealable exhaust port, after rotation of the
enclosure.
16. The system of claim 15, comprising: a sterilizer, wherein the
sterilizer is configured to sterilize the collected water
condensate to produce the potable water.
17. The system of claim 1, comprising: a cooling fluid supplier,
wherein the cooling fluid supplier is configured to supply the
cooling fluid through the plurality of conduits to cool the
plurality of panels.
18. The system of claim 1, wherein the system comprises: a rotation
device in connection with the central axis, wherein the rotation
device is configured to turn the central axis to rotate the
plurality of panels within the enclosure.
19. The system of claim 1, comprising: an enclosure support
configured to support the enclosure.
20. The system of claim 1, wherein the central axis comprises a
supply conduit, wherein the supply conduit is in fluid
communication with the plurality of conduits, wherein the cooling
fluid enters the enclosure through a first end of the supply
conduit to be passed through the plurality of conduits, and wherein
the cooling fluid exits the enclosure from the plurality of
conduits through a second end of the supply conduit.
21. A method of producing potable water from atmosphere, comprising
the steps of: a.) cooling a plurality of panels arranged within an
enclosure substantially parallel to each other along a central
axis, wherein each of the plurality of panels is comprised of a
material on which water condensate from the atmosphere forms in
response to a temperature differential between the material and the
atmosphere passed through the enclosure; b.) passing atmosphere
through the enclosure and over surfaces of the plurality of panels
to form the water condensate on surfaces of the plurality of
panels; c.) detecting an amount of the water condensate formed on
the surfaces of the plurality of panels in response to cooling; d.)
determining whether the amount of the water condensate formed on
the surfaces of the plurality of panels exceeds a predetermined
threshold; and e.) rotating the plurality of panels about the
central axis within the enclosure to remove the water condensate
from the surfaces of the plurality of panels when the amount of the
water condensate formed on the surfaces of the plurality of panels
exceeds the predetermined threshold.
22. The method of claim 21, comprising the step of: f.) detecting a
humidity of the atmosphere; and g.) controlling an amount of
atmosphere passed through the enclosure and over the plurality of
panels based upon the humidity of the atmosphere detected in step
(f).
23. The method of claim 21, comprising the step of: f.) filtering
the atmosphere passed into the enclosure and over the plurality of
panels.
24. The method of claim 21, comprising the step of: f.) collecting
the water condensate removed from the surfaces of the plurality of
panels.
25. The method of claim 24, comprising the method of: g.)
sterilizing the collected water condensate to produce the potable
water.
26. The method of claim 21, comprising the step of: f.) supplying a
cooling fluid into the enclosure to cool the plurality of
panels.
27. A system for producing potable water from atmosphere,
comprising: an enclosure, wherein the enclosure comprises: an
intake port; and an exhaust port; a plurality of cooling surfaces
arranged within the enclosure about a central axis wherein the
plurality of cooling surfaces are comprised of a material on which
water condensate from the atmosphere forms in response to a
temperature differential between the material and the atmosphere
passed through the enclosure; and a plurality of conduits arranged
within the enclosure, wherein the plurality of conduits are
arranged to pass through the plurality of cooling surfaces, wherein
a cooling fluid is passed through the plurality of conduits to cool
the plurality of cooling surfaces, wherein an amount of the water
condensate formed on the plurality of cooling surfaces in response
to cooling is detected, and wherein the plurality of cooling
surfaces are configured to be rotated about the central axis within
the enclosure to remove the water condensate from the plurality of
cooling surfaces when the detected amount of the water condensate
exceeds a predetermined threshold.
28. The system of claim 27, wherein the plurality of cooling
surfaces comprises interlacing meshes of cooling strands.
Description
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
[0001] This application is a Continuation-in-Part from U.S. patent
application Ser. No. 11/017,856 filed Dec. 22, 2004 entitled System
and Method for Extracting Potable Water from Atmosphere, which is a
continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/949,249
filed Sep. 27, 2004, the entire contents of which are incorporated
by reference herein.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0002] The present invention relates to the production of potable
water. More particularly, the present invention relates to a system
and method for extracting potable water from the atmosphere.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0003] Generally, natural freshwater resources are scarce or
limited in many areas of the world, including areas such as, for
example, deserts and lands, due to low precipitation and high
salinity of surface and underground water. Shortage in supply of
potable water and fresh water is increasing at a vast rate, as
deserts expand and overtake fertile land, and as many of the
natural ground water resources are being depleted. Furthermore,
shifts in patterns of the global climate over time have resulted in
a drop in the rate of rainfall in many areas. For example, hunger
and starvation is spreading in areas such as, for example, Africa,
because of shortage of fresh water to raise domestic animals and
crops for food.
[0004] Sparse population and scattered population pockets in many
areas make the application of water desalination and other water
treatment technologies uneconomical due to the low demand and the
high cost of water distribution from a central system over a wide
stretch of land. For example, such methods of supplying potable
water may be inaccessible to remote and/or impoverished areas of
the world due to lack of natural resources, wealth, infrastructure
and technical expertise. Alternatively, transportation of loads of
fresh water is costly and exposes water to contamination en route
and during handling and storage. For example, remote areas of the
world may lack the necessary transportation infrastructure to allow
transportation of potable water to these remote areas.
[0005] Accordingly, there is a need for localized production of
fresh water to provide water for human drinking, and fresh water
for raising animals and for irrigation as well as other human uses,
that is reliable, affordable and produces little or no industrial
pollution. Additionally, there is a need that the system may be
transported and assembled in a number of remote areas inhabited by
humans where little or no natural resources are available for
providing potable water. The apparatus should be accessible to
individuals with limited technical expertise and be available in a
range of sizes so that it may be used in areas that lack abundant
space.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0006] A system and method are disclosed for extracting potable
water from the atmosphere. In accordance with exemplary embodiments
of the present invention, according to a first aspect of the
present invention, a system for producing potable water from the
atmosphere includes a first surface and a second surface arranged
substantially parallel to the first surface. The first and second
surfaces are comprised of a material on which water condensation
from the atmosphere forms in response to a temperature differential
between the material and the atmosphere. A seal is formed around a
periphery of the first and second surfaces to form an enclosure
between the first and second surfaces. The enclosure is filled with
a liquid. The system includes a cooling device positioned within
the liquid within the enclosure. The system includes a sensor
circuit located proximate to the first and second surfaces. The
sensor circuit is configured to detect an amount of water
condensate formed on the first and second surfaces in response to
cooling of the first and second surfaces by the liquid cooled by
the cooling device. The system includes a wiper in contact with
each of the first and second surfaces. The wiper is configured to
remove water condensate from the respective first and second
surfaces when the sensor circuit detects the amount of water
condensate formed on the respective first and second surfaces
exceeds a predetermined value. The system includes a collector for
collecting the water condensate removed from the first and second
surfaces for use as potable water.
[0007] According to the first aspect, the first and second surfaces
can comprise glass. Alternatively, the first and second surfaces
can comprise metal, plastic or the like. The liquid can comprise
water. Alternatively, the first and second surfaces can comprise
alcohol or the like. Each of the first and second surfaces can be
substantially rectangular. Alternatively, each of the first and
second surfaces can be substantially circular, substantially planar
or the like. The system can include a sterilizer for sterilizing
the collected water condensate to produce the potable water. The
system can include an atmosphere flow regulator for passing
atmosphere over the first and second surfaces. The system can
include a control circuit for controlling the atmosphere flow
regulator to control a passage of atmosphere over the first and
second surfaces. A volume of atmosphere passed over the first and
second surfaces can be dependent upon a humidity of the atmosphere
detected by the sensor circuit. The system can include a cooling
fluid supplier for supplying a cooling fluid through the cooling
device to cool the liquid within the enclosure. For example, the
cooling fluid supplier can comprise a condenser. The cooling device
can comprise a refrigeration coil. Alternatively, the cooling
device can comprise a plurality of pipes, and a cooling fluid can
be passed through each of the plurality of pipes to cool the liquid
within the enclosure. The wiper can comprise a squeegee.
[0008] According to a second aspect of the present application, a
system for producing potable water from atmosphere includes a
plurality of surfaces arranged to form a sealed enclosure. The
enclosure is substantially filled with a liquid. Each of the
plurality of surfaces is comprised of a material on which water
condensation from the atmosphere forms when there is a temperature
differential between the material and the atmosphere. The system
includes a cooling coil positioned within the liquid within the
enclosure. The cooling coil is configured to cool the liquid within
the enclosure to cool the plurality of surfaces. The system
includes at least one humidity sensor located proximate to the
plurality of surfaces. The at least one humidity sensor is
configured to detect an amount of water condensate formed on the
plurality of surfaces. The system includes a plurality of wipers.
Each of the plurality of wipers is associated with a surface of the
plurality of surfaces. Each of the plurality of wipers is
configured to remove water condensate from each of the plurality of
surfaces when the at least one humidity sensor detects the amount
of water condensate formed on the plurality of surfaces exceeds a
predetermined value. The system includes a collector for collecting
the water condensate removed from the plurality of surfaces for use
as potable water.
[0009] According to the second aspect, each of the plurality of
surfaces can comprise glass. Alternatively, each of the plurality
of surfaces can comprise metal, plastic or the like. The liquid can
comprise water. Alternatively, the liquid can comprise alcohol or
the like. Each of the plurality of surfaces can be substantially
rectangular. Alternatively, each of the plurality of surfaces can
be substantially circular, substantially planar, or the like. The
system can include a sterilizer for sterilizing the collected water
condensate to produce the potable water. The system can include an
atmosphere flow regulator for passing atmosphere over the plurality
of surfaces. The system can include a control circuit for
controlling the atmosphere flow regulator to control a passage of
atmosphere over the plurality of surfaces. A volume of atmosphere
passed over the plurality of surfaces can be dependent upon a
humidity of the atmosphere detected by the at least one humidity
sensor. The system can include a cooling fluid supplier for
supplying a cooling fluid through the cooling device to cool the
liquid within the enclosure. For example, the cooling fluid
supplier can comprise a condenser. The cooling device can comprise
a refrigeration coil. Alternatively, the cooling device can
comprise a plurality of pipes, and a cooling fluid can be passed
through each of the plurality of pipes to cool the liquid within
the enclosure. Each of the plurality of wipers can comprise a
squeegee.
[0010] According to a third aspect of the present invention, a
system for producing potable water from atmosphere includes a
conduit. The conduit is comprised of a material on which water
condensation from the atmosphere forms in response to a temperature
differential between the material and the atmosphere. A cooling
fluid is passed through the conduit to cool the conduit. The system
includes a sensor circuit located proximate to a surface of the
conduit. The sensor circuit is configured to detect an amount of
water condensate formed on the surface of the conduit in response
to cooling of the conduit by the cooling fluid. The system includes
a wiper in circumferential contact with the surface of the conduit.
The wiper is configured to remove water condensate from the surface
of the conduit when the sensor circuit detects the amount of water
condensate formed on the surface of the conduit exceeds a
predetermined value. The system includes a collector for collecting
the water condensate removed from the conduit for use as potable
water.
[0011] According to the third aspect, the conduit can comprise
glass. Alternatively, the conduit can comprise metal, plastic or
the like. The cooling fluid can comprise a refrigerant. The conduit
can comprise a coil. The system can include a sterilizer for
sterilizing the collected water condensate to produce the potable
water. The system can include an atmosphere flow regulator for
passing atmosphere over the surface of the conduit. The system can
include a control circuit for controlling the atmosphere flow
regulator to control a passage of atmosphere over the surface of
the conduit. A volume of atmosphere passed over the surface of the
conduit is dependent upon a humidity of the atmosphere detected by
the sensor circuit. The system can include a cooling fluid supplier
for supplying the cooling fluid through the conduit. The cooling
fluid supplier can comprise a condenser. The wiper can comprise a
squeegee.
[0012] According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, a
system for producing potable water from atmosphere includes a first
surface, and a second surface arranged substantially parallel to
the first surface. The first and second surfaces are comprised of a
material on which water condensation from the atmosphere forms in
response to a temperature differential between the material and the
atmosphere. A seal is formed around a periphery of the first and
second surfaces to form an enclosure between the first and second
surfaces. The enclosure is filled with a liquid. The system
includes means for cooling positioned within the liquid within the
enclosure. The system includes sensing means for detecting an
amount of water condensate formed on the first and second surfaces
in response to cooling of the first and second surfaces by the
liquid cooled by the means for cooling. The sensing means is
located proximate to the first and second surfaces. The system
includes means for removing water condensate from the respective
first and second surfaces when the sensing means detects the amount
of water condensate formed on the respective first and second
surfaces exceeds a predetermined value. The means for removing is
in contact with each of the first and second surfaces. The system
includes means for collecting the water condensate removed from the
first and second surfaces for use as potable water.
[0013] According to the fourth aspect, the first and second
surfaces can comprise glass. Alternatively, the first and second
surfaces can comprise metal, plastic or the like. The liquid can
comprise water. Alternatively, the liquid can comprise alcohol or
the like. Each of the first and second surfaces can be
substantially rectangular. Alternatively, each of the first and
second surfaces can be substantially circular, substantially
planar, or the like. The system can include means for sterilizing
the collected water condensate to produce the potable water. The
system can include means for regulating a passage of atmosphere
over the first and second surfaces. The system can include means
for controlling the means for regulating to control the passage of
atmosphere over the first and second surfaces. A volume of
atmosphere passed over the first and second surfaces can be
dependent upon a humidity of the atmosphere detected by the sensing
means. The system can include means for supplying a cooling fluid
through the means for cooling to cool the liquid within the
enclosure. The means for supplying can comprise a condenser means.
The means for cooling can comprise a refrigeration coil means.
Alternatively, the means for cooling can comprise a plurality of
conduit means. A cooling fluid can be passed through each of the
plurality of conduit means to cool the liquid within the enclosure.
The means for removing can comprise a wiper means.
[0014] According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, a
system for producing potable water from atmosphere includes a
plurality of surfaces arranged to form a sealed enclosure. The
enclosure is substantially filled with a liquid. Each of the
plurality of surfaces is comprised of a material on which water
condensation from the atmosphere forms when there is a temperature
differential between the material and the atmosphere. The system
includes means for cooling positioned within the liquid within the
enclosure. The means for cooling is configured to cool the liquid
within the enclosure to cool the plurality of surfaces. The system
includes at least one means for sensing humidity located proximate
to each of the plurality of surfaces. The at least one means for
sensing humidity is configured to detect an amount of water
condensate formed on a respective one of the plurality of surfaces.
The system includes a plurality of means for removing water
condensate from each of the plurality of surfaces when the at least
one means for sensing humidity detects the amount of water
condensate formed on the plurality of surfaces exceeds a
predetermined value. Each of the plurality of means for removing is
associated with a surface of the plurality of surfaces. The system
includes means for collecting the water condensate removed from the
plurality of surfaces for use as potable water.
[0015] According to the fifth aspect, each of the plurality of
surfaces can comprise glass. Alternatively, each of the plurality
of surfaces can comprise metal, plastic or the like. The liquid can
comprises water. Alternatively, the liquid can comprise alcohol or
the like. Each of the plurality of surfaces can be substantially
rectangular. Alternatively, each of the plurality of surfaces can
be substantially circular, substantially planar or the like. The
system can include means for sterilizing the collected water
condensate to produce the potable water. The system can include
means for regulating a passage of atmosphere over the plurality of
surfaces. The system can include means for controlling the means
for regulating to control the passage of atmosphere over the
plurality of surfaces. A volume of atmosphere passed over the
plurality of surfaces is dependent upon a humidity of the
atmosphere detected by the at least one means for sensing humidity.
The system can include means for supplying a cooling fluid through
the means for cooling to cool the liquid within the enclosure. The
means for supplying can comprise a condenser means. The means for
cooling can comprise a refrigeration coil means. Alternatively, the
means for cooling can comprise a plurality of conduit means. A
cooling fluid can be passed through each of the plurality of
conduit means to cool the liquid within the enclosure. Each of the
plurality of means for removing can comprise a wiper means.
[0016] According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, a
system for producing potable water from atmosphere includes a
conduit means for conveying a cooling fluid for cooling the conduit
means. The conduit means is comprised of a material on which water
condensation from the atmosphere forms in response to a temperature
differential between the material and the atmosphere. The system
includes a sensor means for detecting an amount of water condensate
formed on the surface of the conduit means in response to cooling
of the conduit means by the cooling fluid. The sensor means is
located proximate to a surface of the conduit means. The system
includes means for removing water condensate from the surface of
the conduit means when the sensor means detects the amount of water
condensate formed on the surface of the conduit means exceeds a
predetermined value. The means for removing is in circumferential
contact with the surface of the conduit means. The system includes
means for collecting the water condensate removed from the conduit
means for use as potable water.
[0017] According to the sixth aspect, the conduit means can
comprise glass. Alternatively, the conduit means can comprise
metal, plastic or the like. The cooling fluid can comprise a
refrigerant. The conduit means can comprise a coil. The system can
include means for sterilizing the collected water condensate to
produce the potable water. The system can include means for
regulating a passage of atmosphere over the surface of the conduit
means. The system can include means for controlling the means for
regulating to control the passage of atmosphere over the surface of
the conduit means. A volume of atmosphere passed over the surface
of the conduit means is dependent upon a humidity of the atmosphere
detected by the sensor means. The system can include means for
supplying the cooling fluid conveyed through the conduit means. The
means for supplying can comprise a condenser means. The means for
removing can comprise a wiper means.
[0018] According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, a
system for producing potable water from atmosphere includes a first
surface on which water condensate from the atmosphere forms, and a
second surface on which the water condensate from the atmosphere
forms. The second surface is arranged substantially parallel to the
first surface. A seal is formed around a periphery of the first and
second surfaces to form an enclosure between the first and second
surfaces. The enclosure is filled with a liquid. The system
includes a cooling device positioned within the liquid within the
enclosure. The water condensate forms on the first and second
surfaces in response to cooling of the first and second surfaces by
the liquid cooled by the cooling device. The system includes a
wiper in contact with each of the first and second surfaces. The
wiper is configured to remove water condensate from the respective
first and second surfaces at predetermined intervals. The system
includes a collector for collecting the water condensate removed
from the first and second surfaces. The system includes a
sterilizer for sterilizing the collected water condensate to
produce potable water.
[0019] According to an eighth aspect of the present invention, a
system for producing potable water from atmosphere includes a
conduit on which water condensate from the atmosphere forms. A
cooling fluid is passed through the pipe to cool the pipe. The
water condensate forms on a surface of the pipe in response to
cooling of the pipe by the cooling fluid. The system includes a
wiper in circumferential contact with the surface of the pipe. The
wiper is configured to remove water condensate from the surface of
the pipe at predetermined intervals. The system includes a
collector for collecting the water condensate removed from the
surface of the conduit. The system includes a sterilizer for
sterilizing the collected water condensate to produce potable
water.
[0020] According to a ninth aspect of the present invention, a
method of producing potable water from atmosphere includes the
steps of: a.) enclosing a cooling device within a liquid within an
enclosure, wherein surfaces of the enclosure are comprised of a
material on which water condensation from the atmosphere forms in
response to a temperature differential between the material and the
atmosphere; b.) cooling the liquid in the enclosure to cool the
surfaces of the enclosure; c.) detecting an amount of water
condensate formed on the surfaces in response to cooling of the
surfaces by the liquid cooled by the cooling device; d.) removing
water condensate from the surfaces of the enclosure when the amount
of water condensate formed on the surfaces exceeds a predetermined
value; and e.) collecting the water condensate removed from the
surfaces of the enclosure for use as potable water.
[0021] According to the ninth aspect, the surfaces of the enclosure
can comprise glass. Alternatively, the surfaces of the enclosure
can comprise metal, plastic or the like. The liquid can comprise
water. Alternatively, the liquid can comprise alcohol or like. The
surfaces of the enclosure can be substantially rectangular.
Alternatively, the surfaces of the enclosure can be substantially
circular, substantially planar or the like. The method can include
the steps of: f.) sterilizing the collected water condensate to
produce the potable water; g.) regulating a passage of atmosphere
over the surfaces of the enclosure, wherein a volume of atmosphere
passed over the surfaces of the enclosure is dependent upon a
humidity of the atmosphere; and h.) conveying a cooling fluid
through the cooling device to cool the liquid within the
enclosure.
[0022] According to a tenth aspect of the present invention, a
method for producing potable water from atmosphere, comprising: a.)
conveying a cooling fluid through a conduit to cool the conduit,
wherein the conduit is comprised of a material on which water
condensation from the atmosphere forms in response to a temperature
differential between the material and the atmosphere; b.) detecting
an amount of water condensate formed on a surface of the conduit in
response to cooling of the conduit by the cooling fluid; c.)
removing water condensate from the surface of the conduit when the
amount of water condensate formed on the surface of the conduit
exceeds a predetermined value; and d.) collecting the water
condensate removed from the conduit for use as potable water.
[0023] According to the tenth aspect, the conduit can comprise
glass. Alternatively, the conduit can comprise metal, plastic or
the like. The cooling fluid can comprise a refrigerant. The conduit
can comprise a coil. The method can include the steps of: e.)
sterilizing the collected water condensate to produce the potable
water; and f.) regulating a passage of atmosphere over the surface
of the conduit, wherein a volume of atmosphere passed over the
surface of the conduit is dependent upon a humidity of the
atmosphere.
[0024] According to an eleventh aspect of the present invention, a
system for producing potable water from atmosphere includes a
plurality of surfaces arranged to form a sealed enclosure. Each of
the plurality of surfaces is comprised of a material on which water
condensation from the atmosphere forms when there is a temperature
differential between the material and the atmosphere. The system
includes a cooling fluid supplier in fluid communication with the
sealed enclosure for supplying a cooling fluid within the sealed
enclosure. The system includes at least one humidity sensor located
proximate to the plurality of surfaces. The at least one humidity
sensor is configured to detect an amount of water condensate formed
on the plurality of surfaces. The system includes a plurality of
wipers. Each of the plurality of wipers is associated with a
surface of the plurality of surfaces. Each of the plurality of
wipers is configured to remove water condensate from each of the
plurality of surfaces when the at least one humidity sensor detects
the amount of water condensate formed on the plurality of surfaces
exceeds a predetermined value. The system includes a collector for
collecting the water condensate removed from the plurality of
surfaces for use as potable water.
[0025] According to the eleventh aspect, each of the plurality of
surfaces can comprise glass, metal, plastic or other suitable
material. The cooling fluid can comprise water, alcohol or other
suitable cooling fluid. Each of the plurality of surfaces can
substantially rectangular, substantially circular, substantially
planar or other suitable configuration. The system can include a
sterilizer for sterilizing the collected water condensate to
produce the potable water. The system can include an atmosphere
flow regulator for passing atmosphere over the plurality of
surfaces. The system can include a control circuit for controlling
the atmosphere flow regulator to control a passage of atmosphere
over the plurality of surfaces. A volume of atmosphere passed over
the plurality of surfaces can be dependent upon a humidity of the
atmosphere detected by the at least one humidity sensor. The
cooling fluid supplier can comprise a condenser or other suitable
device. Each of the plurality of wipers can comprise a
squeegee.
[0026] According to a twelfth aspect of the present invention, a
system for producing potable water from atmosphere includes an
enclosure. The enclosure includes at least one sealable intake
port, and at least one sealable exhaust port. The system includes a
plurality of panels arranged within the enclosure substantially
parallel to each other along a central axis. Each of the plurality
of panels is composed of a material on which water condensate from
the atmosphere forms in response to a temperature differential
between the material and the atmosphere passed through the
enclosure. The system includes a plurality of conduits arranged to
pass through the plurality of panels. A cooling fluid is passed
through the plurality of conduits to cool the plurality of panels.
An amount of the water condensate formed on surfaces of the
plurality of panels in response to cooling is detected. The
plurality of panels are configured to be rotated about the central
axis within the enclosure to remove the water condensate from the
surfaces of the plurality of panels when the detected amount of the
water condensate exceeds a predetermined threshold.
[0027] According to the twelfth aspect, the system can include a
sensor circuit located proximate to the plurality of panels. The
sensor circuit is configured to detect the amount of the water
condensate formed on the surfaces of the plurality of panels in
response to cooling. The system can include an atmosphere flow
regulator. The atmosphere flow regulator is configured to pass the
atmosphere through the at least one sealable intake port into the
enclosure and over the surfaces of the plurality of panels. The
system can include a control circuit in communication with the
atmosphere flow regulator. The control circuit is configured to
control the atmosphere flow regulator to control a passage of the
atmosphere over the surfaces of the plurality of panels. A volume
of atmosphere passed over the surfaces of the plurality of panels
is dependent upon a humidity of the atmosphere detected by the
sensor circuit. The plurality of conduits can penetrate the
plurality of panels substantially perpendicular to the plurality of
panels. The plurality of conduits can be arranged substantially
parallel to the central axis.
[0028] According to the twelfth aspect, each of the plurality of
panels can be separated from an adjacent panel by a predetermined
distance. Each of the plurality of conduits is separated from an
adjacent conduit by a predetermined distance. Each of the plurality
of panels can comprise metal, such as, for example, aluminum. Each
of the plurality of conduits can comprise metal. The cooling fluid
can comprise, for example, water. The enclosure can be
substantially cylindrical. Each of the plurality of panels can be
substantially circular. Alternatively, each of the plurality of
panels can comprise two pairs of opposing edges. For example, a
first pair of opposing edges can be curved, and a second pair of
opposing edges can be substantially straight. The plurality of
conduits can be in fluid communication with each other.
[0029] The system can include an atmosphere filtration device. The
atmosphere filtration device can be configured to filter the
atmosphere passed into the enclosure via the at least one sealable
intake port. The system can include a collector. The collector can
be configured to hold collected water condensate removed from the
surfaces of the plurality of panels that is passed out of the at
least one sealable exhaust port, after rotation of the enclosure.
The system can include a sterilizer. The sterilizer can be
configured to sterilize the collected water condensate to produce
the potable water. The system can include a cooling fluid supplier.
The cooling fluid supplier can be configured to supply the cooling
fluid through the plurality of conduits to cool the plurality of
panels. The cooling fluid supplier can comprise, for example, a
condenser. The plurality of conduits can comprise a plurality of
pipes. The cooling fluid can be passed through each of the
plurality of pipes to cool the plurality of panels.
[0030] According to the twelfth aspect, the enclosure can comprise,
for example, a radiator. Each of the plurality of panels can
comprise a fin of the radiator. The system can include a rotation
device in connection with the central axis. The rotation device can
be configured to turn the central axis to rotate the plurality of
panels within the enclosure. The system can include an enclosure
support configured to support the enclosure. The central axis can
comprise a supply conduit. The supply conduit can be in fluid
communication with the plurality of conduits. The cooling fluid can
enter the enclosure through a first end of the supply conduit to be
passed through the plurality of conduits. The cooling fluid can
exit the enclosure from the plurality of conduits through a second
end of the supply conduit.
[0031] According to a thirteenth aspect of the present invention, a
system for producing potable water from atmosphere includes means
for enclosing a space. The space enclosing means includes at least
one sealable intake port means, and at least one sealable exhaust
port means. The system includes a plurality of means for forming
water condensate arranged within the space enclosing means
substantially parallel to each other along a central axis. Each of
the plurality of water condensate forming means is comprised of a
material on which water condensate from the atmosphere forms in
response to a temperature differential between the material and the
atmosphere passed through the space enclosing means. The system
includes a plurality of means for passing cooling fluid through the
plurality of water condensate forming means to cool the plurality
of water condensate forming means. An amount of the water
condensate formed on surfaces of the plurality of water condensate
forming means in response to cooling is detected. The plurality of
water condensate forming means are configured to be rotated about
the central axis within the space enclosing means to remove the
water condensate from the surfaces of the plurality of water
condensate forming means when the detected amount of the water
condensate exceeds a predetermined threshold.
[0032] According to the thirteenth aspect, the system can include
means for sensing humidity located proximate to the plurality of
water condensate forming means. The humidity sensing means can be
configured to detect the amount of the water condensate formed on
the surfaces of the plurality of water condensate forming means in
response to cooling. The system can include means for regulating
atmosphere flow. The atmosphere flow regulating means can be
configured to pass the atmosphere through the at least one sealable
intake port means into the space enclosing means and over the
surfaces of the plurality of water condensate forming means. The
system can include means for controlling the atmosphere flow
regulating means. The controlling means can be configured to
control the atmosphere flow regulating means to control a passage
of the atmosphere over the surfaces of the plurality of water
condensate forming means. A volume of atmosphere passed over the
surfaces of the plurality of water condensate forming means can be
dependent upon a humidity of the atmosphere detected by the
humidity sensing means. The plurality of cooling fluid passing
means can penetrate the plurality of water condensate forming means
substantially perpendicular to the plurality of water condensate
forming means. The plurality of cooling fluid passing means can be
arranged substantially parallel to the central axis.
[0033] According to the thirteenth aspect, each of the plurality of
water condensate forming means can be separated from an adjacent
water condensate forming means by a predetermined distance. Each of
the plurality of cooling fluid passing means can be separated from
an adjacent cooling fluid passing means by a predetermined
distance. Each of the plurality of water condensate forming means
can comprise metal, such as, for example, aluminum. Each of the
plurality of cooling fluid passing means can comprise metal. The
cooling fluid can comprise, for example, water. The space enclosing
means can be substantially cylindrical. Each of the plurality of
water condensate forming means can be substantially circular.
Alternatively, each of the plurality of water condensate forming
means can comprise two pairs of opposing edges. For example, a
first pair of opposing edges can be curved, and a second pair of
opposing edges can be substantially straight. The plurality of
cooling fluid passing means can be in fluid communication with each
other.
[0034] According to the thirteenth aspect, the system can include
means for filtering atmosphere. The atmosphere filtering means can
be configured to filter the atmosphere passed into the space
enclosing means via the at least one sealable intake port means.
The system can include means for collecting water condensate. The
water condensate collecting means can be configured to hold
collected water condensate removed from the surfaces of the
plurality of water condensate forming means that is passed out of
the at least one sealable exhaust port means, after rotation of the
space enclosing means. The system can include means for sterilizing
water condensate. The water condensate sterilizing means can be
configured to sterilize the collected water condensate to produce
the potable water. The system can include means for supplying
cooling fluid. The cooling fluid supplying means can be configured
to supply the cooling fluid through the plurality of cooling fluid
passing means to cool the plurality of water condensate forming
means. The cooling fluid supplying means can comprise, for example,
a condenser means. The plurality of cooling fluid passing means can
comprise a plurality of conduit means. The cooling fluid can be
passed through each of the plurality of conduit means to cool the
plurality of water condensate forming means.
[0035] According to the thirteenth aspect, the space enclosing
means can comprise a radiator means. For example, each of the
plurality of water condensate forming means can comprise a fin of
the radiator means. The system can include means for rotating the
plurality of water condensate forming means in connection with the
central axis. The rotating means can be configured to turn the
central axis to rotate the plurality of water condensate forming
means within the space enclosing means. The system can include
means for supporting the space enclosing means. The central axis
can comprise a supply means. The supply means can be in fluid
communication with the plurality of cooling fluid passing means.
The cooling fluid can enter the space enclosing means through a
first end of the supply means to be passed through the plurality of
cooling fluid passing means. The cooling fluid can exit the space
enclosing means from the plurality of cooling fluid passing means
through a second end of the supply means.
[0036] According to a fourteenth aspect of the present invention, a
method of producing potable water from atmosphere, comprising the
steps of: a.) cooling a plurality of panels arranged within an
enclosure substantially parallel to each other along a central
axis, wherein each of the plurality of panels is comprised of a
material on which water condensate from the atmosphere forms in
response to a temperature differential between the material and the
atmosphere passed through the enclosure; b.) passing atmosphere
through the enclosure and over surfaces of the plurality of panels
to form the water condensate on surfaces of the plurality of
panels; c.) detecting an amount of the water condensate formed on
the surfaces of the plurality of panels in response to cooling; d.)
determining whether the amount of the water condensate formed on
the surfaces of the plurality of panels exceeds a predetermined
threshold; and e.) rotating the plurality of panels about the
central axis within the enclosure to remove the water condensate
from the surfaces of the plurality of panels, when the amount of
the water condensate formed on the surfaces of the plurality of
panels exceeds the predetermined threshold.
[0037] According to the fourteenth aspect, the method can include
the steps of: f.) detecting a humidity of the atmosphere; and g.)
controlling an amount of atmosphere passed through the enclosure
and over the plurality of panels based upon the humidity of the
atmosphere detected in step (f). Each of the plurality of panels
can be separated from an adjacent panel by a predetermined
distance. Each of the plurality of panels can comprise metal, such
as, for example, aluminum. The method can include the steps of: h.)
filtering the atmosphere passed into the enclosure and over the
plurality of panels; i.) collecting the water condensate removed
from the surfaces of the plurality of panels; j.) sterilizing the
collected water condensate to produce the potable water; and k.)
supplying a cooling fluid into the enclosure to cool the plurality
of panels.
[0038] According to a fifteenth aspect of the present invention, a
system for producing potable water from atmosphere includes a
sealed enclosure. The sealed enclosure includes at least one
sealable air intake port through which atmosphere is passed into
the sealed enclosure, and at least one sealable potable water
exhaust port through which collected potable water is passed out of
the sealed enclosure. The system includes a plurality of panels
arranged within the sealed enclosure substantially parallel to each
other and substantially perpendicular to a central axis. Each of
the plurality of panels is comprised of a material on which water
condensate from the atmosphere forms in response to a temperature
differential between the material and the atmosphere passed through
the enclosure. Each of the plurality of panels is separated from an
adjacent panel by a first predetermined distance. The system
includes a plurality of conduits penetrating the plurality of
panels and arranged substantially perpendicular to the plurality of
panels and substantially parallel to the central axis. Each of the
plurality of conduits is separated from an adjacent conduit by a
second predetermined distance. A cooling fluid is passed through
the plurality of conduits to cool the plurality of panels. The
system includes a sensor circuit located proximate to the plurality
of panels. The sensor circuit is configured to detect an amount of
water condensate formed on surfaces of the plurality of panels in
response to cooling of the plurality of panels. The plurality of
panels are configured to be rotated about the central axis within
the sealed enclosure to remove the water condensate from the
surfaces of the plurality of panels when the detected amount of
water condensate exceeds a predetermined threshold.
[0039] According to a sixteenth aspect of the present invention, a
system for producing potable water from atmosphere includes an
enclosure. The enclosure includes an intake port, and an exhaust
port. The system includes a plurality of cooling surfaces arranged
within the enclosure about a central axis. The plurality of cooling
surfaces are comprised of a material on which water condensate from
the atmosphere forms in response to a temperature differential
between the material and the atmosphere passed through the
enclosure. The system includes a plurality of conduits arranged
within the enclosure. The plurality of conduits are arranged to
pass through the plurality of cooling surfaces. A cooling fluid is
passed through the plurality of conduits to cool the plurality of
cooling surfaces. An amount of the water condensate formed on the
plurality of cooling surfaces in response to cooling is detected.
The plurality of cooling surfaces are configured to be rotated
about the central axis within the enclosure to remove the water
condensate from the plurality of cooling surfaces when the detected
amount of the water condensate exceeds a predetermined
threshold.
[0040] According to the sixteenth aspect, the plurality of cooling
surfaces can comprise interlacing meshes of cooling strands. Each
of the cooling strands can comprise metal, such as, for example,
aluminum. The system can include a sensor circuit located proximate
to the plurality of cooling surfaces. The sensor circuit can be
configured to detect the amount of the water condensate formed on
the plurality of cooling surfaces in response to cooling.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0041] Other objects and advantages of the present invention will
become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the
following detailed description of preferred embodiments, in
conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference
numerals have been used to designate like elements, and
wherein:
[0042] FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a system for producing
potable water from atmosphere, in accordance with an exemplary
embodiment of the present invention.
[0043] FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a system for producing
potable water from atmosphere, in accordance with an alternative
exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
[0044] FIG. 3 is a flowchart illustrating steps for producing
potable water from atmosphere, in accordance with an exemplary
embodiment of the present invention.
[0045] FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating steps for producing
potable water from atmosphere, in accordance with an alternative
exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
[0046] FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a system for producing
potable water from atmosphere, in accordance with an alternative
exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
[0047] FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a system for producing
potable water from atmosphere, in accordance with an alternative
exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
[0048] FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating a plurality of panels used
for producing potable water from atmosphere, in accordance with the
alternative exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
[0049] FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating an angled view of the
system for producing potable water from atmosphere, in accordance
with an alternative exemplary embodiment of the present
invention.
[0050] FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating a cut-away side view of the
system for producing potable water from atmosphere, in accordance
with an alternative exemplary embodiment of the present
invention.
[0051] FIG. 10 is a flowchart illustrating steps for producing
potable water from atmosphere, in accordance with an alternative
exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION
[0052] Exemplary embodiments of the present invention are directed
to a system and method for extracting potable water from the
atmosphere. According to exemplary embodiments, the system can
include a first surface, and a second surface arranged
substantially parallel to the first surface. The first and second
surfaces can be comprised of a material, such as, for example,
glass, metal, plastic or the like, on which water condensation from
the atmosphere can form in response to a temperature differential
between the material and the atmosphere. A seal can be formed
around the periphery of the first and second surfaces to form an
enclosure between the first and second surfaces. The enclosure can
be filled with a liquid, such as, for example, water, alcohol or
the like, and a cooling device, such as, for example, a
refrigeration coil, can be positioned within the liquid within the
enclosure. A sensor circuit located proximate to the first and
second surfaces can detect the amount of water condensate formed on
the first and second surfaces in response to the cooling of the
surfaces by the liquid that is cooled by the cooling device. A
wiper, such as a squeegee or the like, in contact with each of the
first and second surfaces can remove water condensate from the
respective first and second surfaces when the sensor circuit
detects the amount of water condensate formed on the respective
first and second surfaces exceeds a predetermined value. A
collector can collect the water condensate removed from the first
and second surfaces for use as potable water. In addition, the
collector can include a sterilizer for sterilizing the collected
water condensate to produce the potable water. Furthermore, a
control circuit connected to an atmosphere flow regulator can
control the volume of atmosphere passed over the first and second
surfaces to vary the amount of condensate formed on the surfaces to
increase or decrease the amount of potable water produced by the
system.
[0053] These and other aspects of the present invention will now be
described in greater detail. FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a
system 100 for producing potable water from atmosphere, in
accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
The system 100 includes a first surface 105 and a second surface
110. The second surface 100 can be arranged substantially parallel
to the first surface 105. The first and second surfaces 105 and 110
can be comprised of a material on which water condensation from the
atmosphere forms in response to a temperature differential between
the material and the atmosphere. The material can be any suitable
material on which water condensation can form in response to
cooling of the material in a humid environment. For example, the
material can be comprised of glass, metal, plastic or the like.
[0054] A seal 115 is formed around a periphery of the first and
second surfaces 105 and 110 to form an enclosure between the first
and second surfaces 105 and 110.
[0055] The seal 115 can be comprised of the same material as the
first and second surfaces 105 and 110, although the seal 115 can be
comprised of any suitable material to form the enclosure. According
to exemplary embodiments, the first and second surfaces 105 and 110
can be spaced apart from each other by any suitable distance to
create an enclosure of any desired volume. According to one
exemplary embodiment, the first and second surfaces 105 and 110 can
be spaced apart by approximately one inch, although any suitable
spacing distance can be used. According to exemplary embodiments,
the enclosure is substantially completely filled with a liquid. Any
suitable liquid can be used to substantially completely fill the
enclosure, including water, alcohol, an appropriate gas in a liquid
state or the like.
[0056] The system 100 includes a cooling device 120 positioned
within the enclosure. The cooling device 120 can be comprised of
any suitable mechanism capable of cooling the liquid within the
enclosure. For example, the cooling device 120 can comprise a
refrigeration coil. According to an alternatively exemplary
embodiment, the cooling device 120 can comprise a plurality of
pipes, in which a cooling fluid can be passed through each of the
plurality of pipes to cool the liquid within the enclosure. Other
such mechanisms and configurations can be used for the cooling
device 120. The system 100 can include a cooling fluid supplier 155
connected to the cooling device 120 for supplying a cooling fluid
through the cooling device 120 to cool the liquid within the
enclosure. The cooling fluid supplier 155 can be, for example, a
condenser or other suitable refrigeration device capable of
providing the cooling fluid (e.g., freon, a freon substitute, water
or the like fluid) through the cooling device 120. According to
exemplary embodiments, the cooling device 120 is immersed in the
liquid in the enclosure to more evenly distribute the cooling of
the first and second surfaces 105 and 110, thereby allowing for
more even water condensation across the entirety of first and
second surfaces 105 and 110. Thus, the cooling device 120 cools the
liquid in the enclosure, which, in turn, substantially evenly cools
the first and second surfaces 105 and 110.
[0057] The system 100 includes a sensor circuit 125 located
proximate to the first and second surfaces 105 and 110. The sensor
circuit 125 is configured to detect the amount of water condensate
formed on the first and second surfaces 105 and 110 in response to
cooling of the first and second surfaces 105 and 110 by the liquid
that is cooled by the cooling device 120. The sensor circuit 125
can comprise, for example, a humidity sensor or other suitable type
of electrical or electronic sensor or circuit that is capable of
detecting the presence and amount of water formed on a surface. The
sensor circuit 125 can include, for example, a plurality of sensor
pads 127 that rest on or near each of the first and second surfaces
105 and 110 and are in electrical communication with the sensor
circuit 125. Any appropriate number of sensor pads 127 can be
placed in any suitable locations over the first and second surfaces
105 and 110 to allow for a proper determination of the amount of
water condensate formed on the surfaces.
[0058] The system 100 includes a wiper 130 in contact with each of
the first and second surfaces 105 and 110. The wipers 130 can
comprise a squeegee or any other suitable type of component capable
of removing water from a surface, such as a brush or the like. Each
of the wipers 130 is configured to remove water condensate from the
respective first and second surfaces 105 and 110 when the sensor
circuit 125 detects the amount of water condensate formed on the
respective first and second surfaces 105 and 110 exceeds a
predetermined value. The system 100 can include a wiper movement
mechanism 133 that is configured to move the wipers 130 across each
of the first and second surfaces 105 and 110. For example, the
wipers 130 can be initially positioned at the top of the first and
second surfaces 105 and 110 and wipe the surfaces in a downward
direction to remove the water condensate, and then return to their
respective initial positions. The wiper movement mechanism 133 can
be in electrical communication with the sensor circuit 125 using
any suitable type of electrical connection. The wiper movement
mechanism 133 can be comprised of any suitable electrical,
electronic and/or mechanical means capable of moving the wipers
130.
[0059] According to exemplary embodiments, when the sensor circuit
125 determines that the amount of water condensate formed on a
surface exceeds the predetermined threshold, the sensor circuit 125
can activate the wiper movement mechanism 133 to move the
appropriate wiper across the given surface (e.g., either or both
wipers 130 across either or both of first and second surfaces 105
and 110). The predetermined threshold of water condensate can be
based on such factors as the size of the first and second surfaces
105 and 110, the amount or rate at which water is desired to be
produced, the relative humidity of the atmosphere and other similar
factors. According to an exemplary embodiment, the sensor circuit
125 can be configured to adapt the predetermined threshold to
accommodate changing conditions (e.g., lower the predetermined
threshold if the relative humidity or the desired rate of water
production increases). Thus, water condensate can be removed from
each of the first and second surfaces 105 and 110 independently
(e.g., based on the amount of water formed on each surface) or
concurrently (e.g., a predetermined threshold reached on one
surface activates wiping of both surfaces). According to an
alternative exemplary embodiment, the predetermined threshold can
be a timing interval to activate wiping of the first and second
surfaces 105 and 110 either independently or concurrently at
predetermined intervals.
[0060] The system 100 includes a collector 135 for collecting the
water condensate removed from the first and second surfaces 105 and
110 for use as potable water. The collector 135 can be any suitable
form of trap, basin, drain or the like that is capable of capturing
or otherwise collecting and temporarily storing the water
condensate removed from the first and second surfaces 105 and 110.
The collector 135 can be located below the first and second
surfaces 105 and 110 to capture the falling water condensate as it
is removed from the surfaces by the wipers 130. The collector 135
can include a tank 137 for storing the collected water condensate.
The collector 135 can include a sterilizer 140 for sterilizing the
collected water condensate to produce the potable water. The
sterilizer 140 can be located, for example, in or near the tank
137. The sterilizer 140 can be any suitable device capable of
sterilizing water, such as, for example, any suitable chemical
means (e.g., chlorine), a heating element (e.g., to boil the
water), an ultraviolet radiation emitter, or the like.
[0061] The system 100 can include an atmosphere flow regulator 145
for passing atmosphere over the first and second surfaces 105 and
110. The atmosphere flow regulator 145 can be any suitable type of
electrical, electronic or mechanical means capable of moving air
over the first and second surfaces 105 and 110, such as, for
example, a fan, a blower, or the like. The system 100 can also
include a control circuit 150 for controlling the atmosphere flow
regulator 145 to control the passage of atmosphere over the first
and second surfaces 105 and 110. The control circuit 150 can be
comprised of any suitable digital, analog, or mechanical means that
is capable of controlling the rate of air flow produced by the
atmosphere flow regulator 145. According to exemplary embodiments,
the volume of atmosphere passed over the first and second surfaces
105 and 110 can be dependent upon, for example, the humidity of the
atmosphere detected by the sensor circuit 125 (e.g., the volume of
atmosphere passed over the surfaces can increase as the relative
humidity decreases and vice versa).
[0062] For example, the control circuit 150 can be in electrical
communication with the sensor circuit 125 using any suitable form
of electrical connection. If the sensor circuit 125 detects that,
for example, the rate of water condensation on the first and second
surfaces 105 and 110 is decreasing (e.g., the interval between
wiper activations is increasing) or the rate of water production is
below a desired rate or threshold (e.g., the relative humidity of
the atmosphere is decreasing), the sensor circuit 125 can send an
electrical signal or command to the control circuit 150 to increase
the rate of air flow from the atmosphere flow regulator 145.
Alternatively, if the sensor circuit 125 detects that, for example,
the rate of water condensation on the first and second surfaces 105
and 110 is increasing (e.g., the interval between wiper activations
is decreasing) or the rate of water production is above a desired
rate or threshold (e.g., the relative humidity of the atmosphere is
increasing), the sensor circuit 125 can send an electrical signal
or command to the control circuit 150 to decrease the rate of air
flow from the atmosphere flow regulator 145 to maintain a steady or
substantially constant production of potable water.
[0063] According to exemplary embodiments, the first and second
surfaces 105 and 110 can be of any suitable configuration. For
example, the size of the first and second surfaces 105 and 110 can
depend on the desired amount of water production. Additionally, the
first and second surfaces 105 and 110 can be substantially
rectangular, substantially circular, substantially planar or the
like.
[0064] Other alternative configurations of system 100 illustrated
in FIG. 1 can be used. For example, the system 100 can include a
plurality of surfaces arranged to form a sealed enclosure. The
enclosure can be substantially filled with a liquid. Each of the
plurality of surfaces can be comprised of a material on which water
condensation from the atmosphere forms when there is a temperature
differential between the material and the atmosphere. The system
100 can include a cooling coil (e.g., cooling device 120)
positioned within the liquid within the enclosure. The cooling coil
can be configured to cool the liquid within the enclosure to cool
the plurality of surfaces. The system 100 can include at least one
humidity sensor (e.g., sensor circuit 125) located proximate to the
plurality of surfaces. Each of the at least one humidity sensor can
be configured to detect an amount of water condensate formed on the
plurality of surfaces. The system 100 can include a plurality of
wipers (e.g., wipers 130). Each of the plurality of wipers can be
associated with a surface of the plurality of surfaces. Each of the
plurality of wipers can be configured to remove water condensate
from each of the plurality of surfaces when the at least one
humidity sensor detects the amount of water condensate formed on
the plurality of surfaces exceeds a predetermined value. The system
100 can include a collector (e.g., collector 135) for collecting
the water condensate removed from the plurality of surfaces for use
as potable water. Thus, alternative exemplary embodiments of the
present invention can form a rectangle, pentagon, octagon or other
like enclosed structure in which water condensate can be removed
from each side of the structure.
[0065] Alternatively, for example, FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating
a system 200 for producing potable water from atmosphere, in
accordance with an alternative exemplary embodiment of the present
invention. The system 200 includes a conduit 205. The conduit 205
is comprised of a material on which water condensation from the
atmosphere forms in response to a temperature differential between
the material and the atmosphere. The material can be any suitable
material on which water condensation can form in response to
cooling of the material in a humid environment. For example, the
material can be comprised of glass, metal, plastic or the like. The
conduit 205 can be of any suitable configuration, such as, for
example, a coil, a single tube or pipe, a plurality of tubes or
pipes, and the like. The conduit 205 can be of any suitable length
and diameter, depending on the desired amount of water
production.
[0066] According to exemplary embodiments, a cooling fluid is
passed through the conduit 205 to cool the conduit 205 so that
water condensate can form on the surface of the conduit 205. The
cooling fluid can be comprised of any suitable refrigerant capable
of cooling the surface of the conduit 205, including, for example,
freon, a freon substitute, water, alcohol or other like cooling
fluid. The system can include a cooling fluid supplier 240 for
supplying the cooling fluid through the conduit 205. The cooling
fluid supplier 240 can be, for example, a condenser or other
suitable refrigeration device capable of providing the cooling
fluid through the conduit 205.
[0067] The system 200 includes a sensor circuit 210 located
proximate to the surface of the conduit 205. The sensor circuit 210
is configured to detect the amount of water condensate formed on
the surface of the conduit 205 in response to cooling of the
conduit 205 by the cooling fluid. The sensor circuit 210 can
comprise, for example, a humidity sensor or other suitable type of
electrical or electronic sensor or circuit that is capable of
detecting the presence and amount of water formed on the surface of
the conduit 205. The sensor circuit 210 can include, for example, a
plurality of sensor pads 212 that rest on or near the surface of
conduit 205 and are in electrical communication with the sensor
circuit 210. Any appropriate number of sensor pads 212 can be
placed in any suitable locations over the surface of the conduit
205 to allow for a proper determination of the amount of water
condensate formed on the conduit 205.
[0068] The system 200 includes a wiper 215 in circumferential
contact with the surface of the conduit 205. The wiper 215 is
configured to remove water condensate from the surface of the
conduit 205 when the sensor circuit 210 detects the amount of water
condensate formed on the surface of the conduit 205 exceeds a
predetermined value. For example, the wiper 215 can be in the form
of a ring or donut shape. The wiper 215 can comprise a squeegee or
any other suitable type of component capable of removing water from
a surface, such as a brush or the like. The system 200 can include
a wiper movement mechanism 217 that is configured to move the wiper
215 across the conduit 205. For example, the wiper 215 can be
initially positioned at one end of the conduit 205 (starting near
the cooling fluid supplier 240) and wipe the surface to the other
end of the conduit 205 (ending near the cooling fluid supplier
240). The wiper 215 can then be returned to its original position
either at that time or when another wiping of the conduit 205
occurs (e.g., creating a back and forth movement along the conduit
205).
[0069] However, any suitable number of wipers 215 can be used to
wipe conduit 205. For example, two wipers 205 can be used to wipe
the conduit 205, one at each end of the conduit 205 (both starting,
e.g., near the cooling fluid supplier 240). Each wiper 205 can wipe
a length of the conduit 205 and then return to its respective
original position (e.g., near the cooling fluid supplier 240)
either at that time or when another wiping of the conduit 205
occurs (e.g., creating a back and forth movement along the conduit
205). The wiper movement mechanism 217 can be in electrical
communication with the sensor circuit 210 using any suitable type
of electrical connection. The wiper movement mechanism 217 can be
comprised of any suitable electrical, electronic and/or mechanical
means capable of moving the wiper 215.
[0070] According to exemplary embodiments, when the sensor circuit
210 determines that the amount of water condensate formed on the
surface of the conduit 205 exceeds the predetermined threshold, the
sensor circuit 210 can activate the wiper movement mechanism 217 to
move the wiper 215 across the conduit 205. The predetermined
threshold will be based on factors such as the size and length of
the conduit 205, the amount or rate at which water is desired to be
produced, the relative humidity of the atmosphere and other similar
factors. According to an exemplary embodiment, the sensor circuit
210 can be configured to adapt the predetermined threshold to
accommodate changing conditions (e.g., lower the predetermined
threshold if the relative humidity or the desired rate of water
production increases). According to an alternative exemplary
embodiment, the predetermined threshold can be a timing interval to
activate wiping of the conduit 205 at predetermined intervals
[0071] The system 200 includes a collector 220 for collecting the
water condensate removed from the conduit 205 for use as potable
water. The collector 220 can be any suitable form of trap, basin or
the like that is capable of capturing or otherwise collecting and
temporarily storing the water condensate removed from the conduit
205. The collector 220 can be located underneath the conduit 205 to
capture the falling water condensate as it is removed from the
conduit 205 by the wiper 215. The collector 220 can include a tank
222 for storing the collected water condensate. The collector 220
can include a sterilizer 225 for sterilizing the collected water
condensate to produce the potable water. The sterilizer 225 can be
located, for example, in the tank 222. The sterilizer 225 can be
any suitable device capable of sterilizing water, such as, for
example, any suitable chemical means, a heating element (e.g., to
boil the water), an ultraviolet radiation emitter, or the like.
[0072] The system 200 can include an atmosphere flow regulator 230
for passing atmosphere over the surface of the conduit 205. The
atmosphere flow regulator 230 can be any suitable type of
electrical, electronic or mechanical means capable of moving air
over the conduit 205, such as, for example, a fan, a blower, or the
like. The system 200 can also include a control circuit 235 for
controlling the atmosphere flow regulator 230 to control a passage
of atmosphere over the surface of the conduit 205. The control
circuit 235 can be comprised of any suitable digital, analog, or
mechanical means that is capable of controlling the rate of air
flow produced by the atmosphere flow regulator 235. According to
exemplary embodiments, the volume of atmosphere passed over the
conduit 205 can be dependent upon, for example, the humidity of the
atmosphere detected by the sensor circuit 210.
[0073] For example, the control circuit 235 can be in electrical
communication with the sensor circuit 210 using any suitable form
of electrical connection. If the sensor circuit 210 detects that,
for example, the rate of water condensation on the conduit 205 is
decreasing (e.g., the interval between wiper activations is
increasing) or the rate of water production is below a desired rate
or threshold (e.g., the relative humidity of the atmosphere is
decreasing), the sensor circuit 210 can send an electrical signal
or command to the control circuit 235 to increase the rate of air
flow from the atmosphere flow regulator 230. Alternatively, if the
sensor circuit 210 detects that, for example, the rate of water
condensation on the conduit 205 is increasing (e.g., the interval
between wiper activations is decreasing) or the rate of water
production is above a desired rate or threshold (e.g., the relative
humidity of the atmosphere is increasing), the sensor circuit 210
can send an electrical signal or command to the control circuit 235
to decrease the rate of air flow from the atmosphere flow regulator
230 in order to maintain a steady or substantially constant
production of potable water.
[0074] FIG. 3 is a flowchart illustrating steps for producing
potable water from atmosphere, in accordance with an exemplary
embodiment of the present invention. In step 305, a cooling device
can be enclosed within a liquid within an enclosure. Surfaces of
the enclosure can be comprised of a material on which water
condensation from the atmosphere forms in response to a temperature
differential between the material and the atmosphere. For example,
the material can comprise glass, metal, plastic or the like. For
example, the liquid can comprise water, alcohol or the like. In
step 310, a cooling fluid can be conveyed through the cooling
device to cool the liquid within the enclosure. In step 315, the
liquid in the enclosure can be cooled to cool the surfaces of the
enclosure. In step 320, a passage of atmosphere over the surfaces
of the enclosure can be regulated. A volume of atmosphere passed
over the surfaces of the enclosure can be dependent upon a humidity
of the atmosphere. In step 325, an amount of water condensate
formed on the surfaces in response to cooling of the surfaces by
the liquid cooled by the cooling device can be detected. In step
330, water condensate can be removed from the surfaces of the
enclosure when the amount of water condensate formed on the
surfaces exceeds a predetermined value. In step 335, the water
condensate removed from the surfaces of the enclosure can be
collected for use as potable water. In step 340, the collected
water condensate can be sterilized to produce the potable
water.
[0075] FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating steps for producing
potable water from atmosphere, in accordance with an alternative
exemplary embodiment of the present invention. In step 405, a
cooling fluid can be conveyed through a conduit to cool the
conduit. The conduit can be comprised of a material on which water
condensation from the atmosphere forms in response to a temperature
differential between the material and the atmosphere, such as, for
example, glass, metal, plastic or the like. The conduit can of any
suitable structure, such as a coil, tube or the like. The cooling
fluid can be a refrigerant or the like. In step 410, a passage of
atmosphere over the surface of the conduit can be regulated. A
volume of atmosphere passed over the surface of the conduit can be
dependent upon a humidity of the atmosphere. In step 415, an amount
of water condensate formed on a surface of the conduit in response
to cooling of the conduit by the cooling fluid can be detected. In
step 420, water condensate can be removed from the surface of the
conduit when the amount of water condensate formed on the surface
of the conduit means exceeds a predetermined value. In step 425,
the water condensate removed from the conduit means can be
collected for use as potable water. In step 430, the collected
water condensate can be sterilized to produce the potable
water.
[0076] FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a system 500 for producing
potable water from atmosphere, in accordance with an alternative
exemplary embodiment of the present invention. The system 500
includes a plurality of surfaces 505 arranged to form a sealed
enclosure 510. Each of the plurality of surfaces 505 can be
comprised of a material on which water condensation from the
atmosphere forms when there is a temperature differential between
the material and the atmosphere. For example, each of the plurality
of surfaces 505 can be comprised of glass, metal, plastic, or the
like. Each of the plurality of surfaces 505 can be of any suitable
configuration, such as substantially rectangular, substantially
circular, substantially planar or the like.
[0077] The system 500 includes a cooling fluid supplier 515, such
as a condenser or the like, in fluid communication with the sealed
enclosure 510 for supplying a cooling fluid within the sealed
enclosure 510. The cooling fluid can be, for example, water,
alcohol, or other suitable cooling fluid. The cooling fluid
supplier 515 can be configured to contain or otherwise store
cooling fluid (e.g., as a tank) for supply to the sealed enclosure
510. The cooling fluid supplier 515 can be fluidly connected to the
sealed enclosure 510 using, for example, pipes 520. According to an
exemplary embodiment, one of the pipes 520 can be configured to
bring cooling fluid from the cooling fluid supplier 515 to the
sealed enclosure 510 (e.g., at or near the top of the sealed
enclosure 510) to fill the sealed enclosure 510 with the cooling
fluid. Another of the pipes 520 can be configured to return the
cooling fluid from the sealed enclosure 510 (e.g., at or near the
bottom of the sealed enclosure 510) to the cooling fluid supplier
515 for re-cooling and eventual re-supply to the sealed enclosure
510. Thus, the exemplary embodiment illustrated in FIG. 5 can
provide a circulation system for circulating cooling fluid, in the
sealed enclosure 510, that is cooled by the cooling fluid supplier
515.
[0078] The system 500 includes at least one humidity sensor 525
located proximate to the plurality of surfaces 505. The at least
one humidity sensor 525 can be configured to detect an amount of
water condensate formed on the plurality of surfaces 505. The at
least one humidity sensor 525 can include, for example, a plurality
of sensor pads 530 that rest on or near one or more of the
plurality surfaces 505 and are in electrical communication with the
at least one humidity sensor 525. Any appropriate number of sensor
pads 530 can be placed in any suitable locations over the plurality
of surfaces 505 to allow for a proper determination of the amount
of water condensate formed on the surfaces.
[0079] The system 500 includes a plurality of wipers 535. Each of
the plurality of wipers 535 can associated with a surface of the
plurality of surfaces 505. Each of the plurality of wipers 535 can
be configured to remove water condensate from each of the plurality
of surfaces 505 when the at least one humidity sensor 525 detects
the amount of water condensate formed on the plurality of surfaces
505 exceeds a predetermined value. Each of the plurality of wipers
535 can comprise a squeegee or any other suitable type of component
capable of removing water from a surface, such as a brush or the
like. The system 500 can include a wiper movement mechanism 540
that is configured to move the wipers 535 across each of the
plurality of surfaces 505. For example, the wipers 535 can be
initially positioned at or near the top of the plurality of
surfaces 505 and wipe the surfaces in a downward direction (either
concurrently or independently) to remove the water condensate, and
then return to their respective initial positions. The wiper
movement mechanism 540 can be in electrical communication with the
at least one humidity sensor 525 using any suitable type of
electrical connection. The wiper movement mechanism 540 can be
comprised of any suitable electrical, electronic and/or mechanical
means capable of moving the wipers 535.
[0080] The system 500 includes a collector 545 for collecting the
water condensate removed from the plurality of surfaces 505 for use
as potable water. The collector 545 can be any suitable form of
trap, basin, drain or the like that is capable of capturing or
otherwise collecting and temporarily storing the water condensate
removed from the plurality of surfaces 505. The collector 545 can
be located below the plurality of surfaces 505 to capture the
falling water condensate as it is removed from the surfaces by the
wipers 535. The collector 545 can include a tank 550 for storing
the collected water condensate. The collector 545 can include a
sterilizer 555 for sterilizing the collected water condensate to
produce the potable water. The sterilizer 555 can be located, for
example, in the tank 550 or separately from the tank 550. The
sterilizer 555 can be any suitable device capable of sterilizing
water, such as, for example, any suitable chemical means (e.g.,
chlorine), a heating element (e.g., to boil the water), an
ultraviolet radiation emitter, or the like.
[0081] The system 500 can include an atmosphere flow regulator 560
for passing atmosphere over the plurality of surfaces. The
atmosphere flow regulator 560 can be any suitable type of
electrical, electronic or mechanical means capable of moving air
over the plurality of surfaces 505, such as, for example, a fan, a
blower, or the like. The system 500 can also include a control
circuit 565 for controlling the atmosphere flow regulator 560 to
control the passage of atmosphere over the plurality of surfaces
505. The control circuit 565 can be comprised of any suitable
digital, analog, or mechanical means that is capable of controlling
the rate of air flow produced by the atmosphere flow regulator 560.
According to exemplary embodiments, the volume of atmosphere passed
over the plurality of surfaces 505 can be dependent upon, for
example, the humidity of the atmosphere detected by the at least
one humidity sensor 525 (e.g., the volume of atmosphere passed over
the surfaces can increase as the relative humidity decreases and
vice versa). The at least one humidity sensor 525, the control
circuit 565 and the wiper movement mechanism 540 can all be in
electrical communication with each other using any suitable type of
electrical connection.
[0082] FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a system 600 for producing
potable water from atmosphere, in accordance with an alternative
exemplary embodiment of the present invention. The system 600
includes an enclosure 605. The enclosure 605 includes at least one
intake port 610. The intake port 610 is configured to allow air or
fluid to enter the enclosure 605. However, the intake port 610 is
sealable (e.g., using a valve or other suitable form of seal), upon
activation, to prevent fluids from escaping from the enclosure 605.
The enclosure 605 includes at least one exhaust port 615. The
exhaust port 615 is configured to allow air or fluid to exit the
enclosure 605. However, the exhaust port 615 is sealable (e.g.,
using a valve or other suitable form of seal), upon activation, to
prevent fluids from escaping from the enclosure 615. The system 600
includes a plurality of panels 620 arranged within the enclosure
605 substantially parallel to each other along a central axis 625.
Each of the plurality of panels 620 is comprised of a material on
which water condensate from the atmosphere forms in response to a
temperature differential between the material and the atmosphere
passed through the enclosure 605. For example, each of the
plurality of panels 620 can be comprised of metal (e.g., aluminum
or other like metal), plastic, glass or the like. According to an
exemplary embodiment, the enclosure 605 can comprise a radiator or
the like, with each of the plurality of panels 620 comprising a fin
or the like of the radiator. The enclosure 605 can be of any
suitable shape and size, depending upon, for example, the shape of
the panels 620, the desired amount of water production by the
system 600, and other like factors.
[0083] According to an alternative exemplary embodiment, the
plurality of panels 620 can comprise a plurality of cooling
surfaces. The plurality of cooling surfaces can be comprised of,
for example, interlacing meshes of cooling strands, such as strands
or filaments of metal (e.g., aluminum or the like). The interlacing
meshes of cooling strands can be akin to, for example, "steel wool"
or the like interwoven structures. However, other suitable forms of
condensation filters can be used.
[0084] FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating the plurality of panels 620
used for producing potable water from atmosphere, in accordance
with the alternative exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
Each of the plurality of panels 620 can be separated from an
adjacent panel 620 by a predetermined distance. For example,
according to one exemplary embodiment, the predetermined distance
between panels 620 can be between approximately five millimeters
and approximately seven millimeters, although the panels 620 can be
separated from each other by any suitable amount. The plurality of
panels 620 can be of any suitable diameter and thickness. For
example, according to one exemplary embodiment, each of the
plurality of panels 620 can be approximately 1.7 meters in diameter
and approximately one quarter of an inch thick.
[0085] The shape of each of the plurality of panels 620 can be
configured to fit within the enclosure 605. For example, each of
the plurality of panels 620 can be substantially circular in shape.
According to this exemplary embodiment, if each panel 620 is
approximately 1.7 meters in diameter, the area of each side of each
panel 620 would be approximately 2.25 square meters, with the total
surface area of each panel 620 being approximately 4.5 square
meters. However, as illustrated in FIG. 7, each of the plurality of
panels 620 can be comprised of two pairs of opposing edges. A first
pair of opposing edges 703 can be curved, while a second pair of
opposing edges 707 can be substantially straight. According to this
alternative exemplary embodiment, if each panel 620 is
approximately 1.7 meters in diameter, the area of each side of each
panel 620 would be approximately 1.85 square meters in area, with
the total surface area of each panel 620 being approximately 3.7
square meters (e.g., each of the straight edges 707 can be
approximately 1.2 meters in length). Other configurations of the
plurality of panels 620 can be used, depending on factors, such as,
for example, the shape of the enclosure 605, the desired amount of
water to be produced by the system 600, and the like. Any suitable
number of panels can be used, depending on the desired amount of
water to be produced by the system 600. For example, according to
one exemplary embodiment, approximately 600 square meters of total
surface area can be used for the plurality of panels 620, resulting
in approximately 133 panels 620 (e.g., if circular panels are used)
or 163 panels 620 (e.g., if panels 620 with the configuration
illustrated in FIG. 7 are used). Using approximately 600 square
meters of total surface area to form water condensate, the system
600 can produce approximately 1200 liters of potable water per
hour.
[0086] Continuing with the illustration of FIG. 7, the system 600
includes a plurality of conduits 715 arranged to pass through the
plurality of panels 620. According to an exemplary embodiment, the
plurality of conduits 715 can penetrate the plurality of panels 620
substantially perpendicular to the plurality of panels 620. The
plurality of conduits 715 can be arranged substantially parallel to
the central axis 625. However, the plurality of conduits 715 can be
arranged in any suitable manner to penetrate the plurality of
panels 620. Each of the plurality of conduits 715 can be separated
from an adjacent conduit 715 by a predetermined distance. For
example, according to one exemplary embodiment, the predetermined
distance between conduits 715 can be approximately two inches,
although the conduits 715 can be separated from each other by any
suitable amount. Each conduit 715 can be of any suitable diameter.
According to one exemplary embodiment, each conduit 715 can be
approximately 3/8 inches in diameter. Any suitable number of
conduits 715 can be used, depending on, for example, the desired
amount of water to be produced by the system 600, the size of the
panels 620, the amount of cooling required, and the like. For
example, according to one exemplary embodiment, approximately 536
conduits can be used, if each panel 620 is approximately 1.7 meters
in diameter, with curved edges 703 and straight edges 707 (as
illustrated in FIG. 7).
[0087] According to exemplary embodiments, a cooling fluid can be
passed through each of the plurality of conduits 715 to cool the
plurality of panels 620. The cooling fluid can be comprised of any
suitable liquid or fluid that is capable of cooling, such as, for
example, water, a freon substitute or the like. Each of the
conduits 715 can be comprised of any suitable material capable of
being cooled, such as, for example, metal (e.g., aluminum, copper
or the like), plastic or the like. The plurality of conduits 715
can be in fluid communication with each other. In other words, the
plurality of conduits 715 can be comprised of a single continuous
conduit that is "woven" through the plurality of panels 620, having
one ingress through which the cooling fluid enters and one egress
through which the cooling fluid exits. However, other
configurations of the plurality of conduits 715 can be used. For
example, the plurality of conduits 715 can be comprised of a
plurality of separate pipes, in which the cooling fluid is
separately passed through each of the plurality of pipes to cool
the plurality of panels 620.
[0088] According to exemplary embodiments, an amount of the water
condensate formed on surfaces of the plurality of panels 620 in
response to cooling can be detected. For example, the system 600
can include a sensor circuit 720 located proximate to the plurality
of panels 620. The sensor circuit 720, such as a humidity sensor or
other suitable electrical or electronic device, is configured to
detect the amount of the water condensate formed on the surfaces of
the plurality of panels 620 in response to cooling. The sensor
circuit 720 can be connected to one or more sensor pads 723 located
on or near surfaces of the plurality of panels 620. Any suitable
number of sensor pads 723 can be used for detecting the amount of
water condensate formed on the surfaces of the plurality of panels
620. For example, a sensor pad 723 can be located on or near each
surface of each panel 620, although a subset of the plurality of
panels 620 can have a sensor pad 723 located on or near those
panels. Additionally or alternatively, sensor pads 723 can be
located within the enclosure 605 near the panels 620 to allow the
sensor circuit 720 to detect the humidity within the enclosure 605.
Additionally or alternatively, a plurality of sensor circuits 720
can be used. The sensor circuit(s) 720 can be located in, on or
near the enclosure 605.
[0089] According to exemplary embodiments, the plurality of panels
620 are configured to be rotated about the central axis 625 within
the enclosure 605 to remove the water condensate from the surfaces
of the plurality of panels 620 when the detected amount of the
water condensate exceeds a predetermined threshold. FIG. 8 is a
diagram illustrating an angled view of the system 600 for producing
potable water from atmosphere, in accordance with an alternative
exemplary embodiment of the present invention. The system 600 can
include a rotation device 805 in connection with the central axis
625. The sensor circuit 720 can be in electrical communication with
the rotation device 805. The rotation device 805 is configured to
turn the central axis 625 to rotate the plurality of panels 620
within the enclosure 605. The rotation device 805 can comprise, for
example, a motor or the like that can be connected to the central
axis 625 using any suitable form of connection means 810, such as,
for example, a pulley and belt system, gears, chains, pinions or
the like. Thus, when the sensor circuit 720 detects that the amount
of water condensate formed on the plurality of panels 620 exceeds
the predetermined threshold, the rotation device 805 can be
activated to spin, turn or otherwise rotate the plurality of panels
620 at sufficient revolutions per minute to remove the water
condensate from the surfaces of the plurality of panels 620 through
centrifugal force. The predetermined threshold can be any suitable
humidity level, depending on the desired amount of water
production, the relative humidity of the air entering the enclosure
605, and other like factors.
[0090] According to exemplary embodiments, air is passed through
the intake port 610 into the enclosure 605, over the plurality of
panels 605, and out the exhaust port 615. Due to the temperature
differential between the cooled plurality of panels 620 and the
air, water condensate forms on the surfaces of the plurality of
panels 620. Once the amount of water condensate formed on the
plurality of panels 620 exceeds the predetermined threshold (as
detected by the sensor circuit 720), the intake port 610 and
exhaust port 615 can be sealed. The plurality of panels 620 are
then rotated or otherwise spun by the rotation device 805. The
water condensate is removed from the surfaces of the panels 620
through centrifugal force and collects in the enclosure 605, such
as at the bottom of the enclosure around the (sealed) exhaust port
615. After the rotation of the panels 620 is stopped (e.g., after a
predetermined length of time, when the sensor circuit 720 detects
that the amount of water condensate has dropped below a certain
minimum level, or the like), the intake port 610 and exhaust port
615 can be opened. The water condensate that has collected in the
enclosure can then exit the enclosure through the exhaust port 615
located on the bottom of the enclosure 605. Referring to FIG. 6,
the system 600 can include a collector 630. The collector 630 is
configured to hold the collected water condensate removed from the
surfaces of the plurality of panels 620 that is passed out of the
exhaust port 615, after rotation of the enclosure 605. In addition,
the system can include a sterilizer 635, for example, located in or
near the collector 630. The sterilizer 635 is configured to
sterilize the collected water condensate to produce the potable
water. The sterilizer 635 can be any suitable device capable of
sterilizing water, such as, for example, any suitable chemical
means (e.g., chlorine), a heating element (e.g., to boil the
water), an ultraviolet radiation emitter, or the like.
[0091] The system 600 can include an atmosphere flow regulator 640.
The atmosphere flow regulator 640 is configured to pass the
atmosphere through the intake port 620 into the enclosure 605 and
over the surfaces of the plurality of panels 620. The atmosphere
flow regulator 640 can be any suitable type of electrical,
electronic or mechanical means capable of moving air into the
enclosure 605 and over the surfaces of the panels 620, such as, for
example, a fan, a turbine fan, a blower, or the like. The system
600 can also include a control circuit 645 in electrical
communication with the atmosphere flow regulator 640. The control
circuit 645 is configured to control the atmosphere flow regulator
640 to control a passage of the atmosphere into the enclosure 605
and over the surfaces of the plurality of panels 620. The control
circuit 645 can be comprised of any suitable digital, analog, or
mechanical means that is capable of controlling the rate of air
flow produced by the atmosphere flow regulator 640. According to
exemplary embodiments, the volume of atmosphere passed into the
enclosure 605 and over the surfaces of the panels 620 can be
dependent upon, for example, the humidity of the atmosphere
detected by the sensor circuit 720 (e.g., the volume of atmosphere
passed over the surfaces can increase as the relative humidity
decreases and vice versa).
[0092] For example, the control circuit 645 can be in electrical
communication with the sensor circuit 720 using any suitable form
of electrical connection. If the sensor circuit 720 detects that,
for example, the rate of water condensation on the surfaces of the
panels 620 is decreasing (e.g., the interval between rotations is
increasing) or the rate of water production is below a desired rate
or threshold (e.g., the relative humidity of the atmosphere is
decreasing), the sensor circuit 720 can send an electrical signal
or command to the control circuit 645 to increase the rate of air
flow from the atmosphere flow regulator 640. Alternatively, if the
sensor circuit 720 detects that, for example, the rate of water
condensation on the surfaces of the panels 620 is increasing (e.g.,
the interval between rotations is decreasing) or the rate of water
production is above a desired rate or threshold (e.g., the relative
humidity of the atmosphere is increasing), the sensor circuit 720
can send an electrical signal or command to the control circuit 645
to decrease the rate of air flow from the atmosphere flow regulator
640 to maintain a steady or substantially constant production of
potable water. According to an exemplary embodiment, the system 600
can include an atmosphere filtration device 650. The atmosphere
filtration device 650 is configured to filter the atmosphere passed
into the enclosure 605 via the intake port 610, such as, for
example, any suitable form of air or fluid filter (e.g., an
electrostatic air filter or the like).
[0093] The sensor circuit 720 can control the atmosphere flow
regulator 640 to control the rate of air flow into the enclosure
605 in any suitable manner. For example, according to one exemplary
embodiment, the rate of air flow can be calculated by the sensor
circuit 720 using a Mollier diagram for humid air. A Mollier
diagram for humid air represents the correlation between air
temperature, water content and humidity. Mollier diagrams are
well-known in the art, and are described in, for example, U.S. Pat.
Nos. 6,619,053, 6,390,183, 6,101,823, 5,524,455, 5,245,843,
4,146,372 and 3,939,905. The Mollier diagram is based on several
factors, including relative humidity, ambient air temperature,
temperature at which condensation occurs and rate of air flow.
According to an exemplary embodiment, the sensor circuit 720 can
include any suitable type of computer memory to store, for example,
relative humidity and ambient air temperature values for the
suitable Mollier diagram. For example, the sensor circuit 720 can
include or be in communication with relative humidity and ambient
air temperature sensors to measure those values with respect to air
entering and in the enclosure 605. The sensor circuit 720 can
include any suitable type of microprocessor to calculate the
temperature at which condensation occurs and the rate of air flow
necessary to cause condensation, based on the measured values of
relative humidity and ambient air temperature. For example, the
microprocessor can access a look-up table or the like stored in the
computer memory to retrieve or otherwise calculate the
corresponding values of the temperature at which condensation
occurs and rate of air flow necessary to cause condensation based
on the Mollier diagram, using the measured values of relative
humidity and ambient air temperature. Once calculated, the sensor
circuit 720 can control the atmosphere flow regulator 640 to
control the rate of air flow into the enclosure 605 to achieve the
desired rate of air flow and condensation. Thus, the system 600 can
be configured to achieve the maximum rate of condensation to
generate the desired amount of potable water production per
hour.
[0094] The microprocessor that can be used or otherwise associated
with sensor circuit 720 can be any suitable type of processor, such
as, for example, any type of general purpose microprocessor or
microcontroller, a digital signal processing (DSP) processor, an
application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable
read-only memory (PROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory
(EPROM), an electrically-erasable programmable read-only memory
(EEPROM), a computer-readable medium, or the like. The memory that
can be used or otherwise associated with sensor circuit 720 can be
any suitable type of computer memory or any other type of
electronic storage medium, such as, for example, read-only memory
(ROM), random access memory (RAM), cache memory, compact disc
read-only memory (CDROM), electro-optical memory, magneto-optical
memory, any suitable form of data storage card or the like. As will
be appreciated based on the foregoing description, the memory can
be programmed using conventional techniques known to those having
ordinary skill in the art of computer programming. For example, the
actual source code or object code of the computer program can be
stored in the memory.
[0095] FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating a cut-away side view of the
system 600 for producing potable water from atmosphere, in
accordance with an alternative exemplary embodiment of the present
invention. The system 600 can include a cooling fluid supplier 905
(e.g., a condenser or the like). The cooling fluid supplier 905 is
configured to supply the cooling fluid through the plurality of
conduits 715 to cool the plurality of panels 620. For example, the
central axis 625 can comprise a supply conduit. The supply conduit
can be of any suitable diameter, such as, for example, 2.5 inches,
and of any suitable length, such as, for example, 1.27 meters. The
cooling fluid supplier 905 is connected to either end of the supply
conduit using, for example, a supply line 910 and, for example,
rotating heads 915 or other suitable rotatable fluid connection
links or means.
[0096] According to one exemplary embodiment, the supply conduit
includes holes or perforations 920 and 925 located inside the
enclosure 605 within first and second chambers 930 and 935,
respectively. The cooling fluid enters the enclosure 605 through a
first end of the supply conduit to be passed through the plurality
of conduits 620. Once in the first end of the supply conduit, the
cooling fluid is dispersed inside the first chamber 930 through the
holes 920. For example, the supply conduit can be solid along the
length between the holes 920 and 925, so that fluid does not pass
through the supply conduit past the holes 920, but, rather, into
the first chamber 930. The first chamber 930 forms a sealed
enclosure outside a first panel 975 of the plurality of panels 620,
into which one end of each of the conduits 715 opens. The cooling
fluid enters and passes through each of the conduits 715 to cool
the panels 620. The cooling fluid then exits the opposite end of
each of the conduits 715 into the second chamber 935. The second
chamber 935 forms a sealed enclosure outside a last panel 980 of
the plurality of panels 620, into which the opposite end of each of
the conduits 715 opens. Thus, the cooling fluid exits the enclosure
605 from the plurality of conduits 715 through a second end of the
supply conduit. The cooling fluid reenters the supply conduit
through the holes 925, passes out of the supply conduit through a
(second) rotating head 915 into the supply line 910 for return to,
and subsequent re-cooling by, the cooling fluid supplier 905.
[0097] As discussed previously, each of the conduits 715 can be in
fluid communication with the other conduits 715, thereby forming a
single, continuous conduit 715. In such an embodiment, the cooling
fluid can enter one end of the continuous conduit 715 that opens
into the first chamber 930, and exit the other end of the
continuous conduit 715 that opens into the second chamber 935.
Other configurations for supplying the cooling fluid to cool the
panels 620 can be used.
[0098] Referring to FIG. 6, the system 600 can include an enclosure
support 655 configured to support the enclosure 605. For example,
the enclosure support 655 can be configured to anchor or otherwise
support the enclosure 605 at opposing ends of the central axis 625
using anchors 660. The anchors 660 are configured to allow the
central axis 625 to rotate when turned by rotation device 805
(e.g., as bearings or the like). Other configurations of the system
600 can be used. For example, as illustrated in FIG. 9, the system
600 can include an air diffuser 960 located within the enclosure
near the intake port 610. The air diffuser 960 can be configured to
ensure that the air entering the enclosure 605 through the intake
port 610 is substantially equally diffused or otherwise disbursed
over all of the plurality of panels 620.
[0099] FIG. 10 is a flowchart illustrating steps for producing
potable water from atmosphere, in accordance with an alternative
exemplary embodiment of the present invention. In step 1005, a
cooling fluid is supplied into an enclosure to cool a plurality of
panels. In step 1010, the plurality of panels, arranged within the
enclosure substantially parallel to each other along a central
axis, are cooled. Each of the plurality of panels is comprised of a
material on which water condensate from the atmosphere forms in
response to a temperature differential between the material and the
atmosphere passed through the enclosure. In step 1015, atmosphere
is passed through the enclosure and over surfaces of the plurality
of panels to form the water condensate on surfaces of the plurality
of panels. In step 1020, the atmosphere passed into the enclosure
and over the plurality of panels is filtered. In step 1025, a
humidity of the atmosphere is detected. In step 1030, an amount of
atmosphere passed through the enclosure and over the plurality of
panels is controlled based upon the humidity of the atmosphere
detected in step 1025. In step 1035, an amount of the water
condensate formed on the surfaces of the plurality of panels in
response to cooling is detected. In step 1040, a determination is
made as to whether the amount of the water condensate formed on the
surfaces of the plurality of panels exceeds a predetermined
threshold. In step 1045, the plurality of panels are rotated about
the central axis within the enclosure to remove the water
condensate from the surfaces of the plurality of panels when the
amount of the water condensate formed on the surfaces of the
plurality of panels exceeds the predetermined threshold. In step
1050, the water condensate removed from the surfaces of the
plurality of panels is collected. In step 1055, the collected water
condensate is sterilized to produce the potable water.
[0100] Exemplary embodiments of the present invention can be used
for producing potable water in any area of the world where potable
water is needed. For purposes of illustration and not limitation,
for the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 5, the system 500 can be
comprised of two surfaces 505, each surface being approximately
four feet wide and six feet long. Each of the two surfaces 505 can
be comprised of tempered glass approximately one-quarter inch thick
and sealed to the other surface to form an enclosure that is also
one-quarter of an inch thick (for holding the cooling fluid), for a
total thickness of three-quarters of an inch for the sealed
enclosure 510. Numerous such enclosures can be used together. For
example, twenty-nine such enclosures can be held in, for example, a
cage that is approximately seven feet by five feet. By
appropriately controlling the flow of atmosphere over the surfaces
of the enclosures using the atmosphere flow regulator 560
(depending on the amount of humidity in the area the system is
being used), exemplary embodiments of the present invention are
capable of producing approximately 100 liters of potable water per
hour.
[0101] Additionally, exemplary embodiments can be transported and
assembled in a number of remote areas inhabited by humans where
little or no natural resources are available for producing potable
water. Furthermore, exemplary embodiments of the present invention
can be accessible to individuals with limited technical expertise
and be available in a range of sizes so that it can be used in
areas that lack abundant space.
[0102] It will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art
that the present invention can be embodied in various specific
forms without departing from the spirit or essential
characteristics thereof. The presently disclosed embodiments are
considered in all respects to be illustrative and not restrictive.
The scope of the invention is indicated by the appended claims,
rather than the foregoing description, and all changes that come
within the meaning and range of equivalence thereof are intended to
be embraced.
[0103] All United States patents and applications, foreign patents,
and publications discussed above are hereby incorporated herein by
reference in their entireties.
[0104] As will be apparent to those skilled in the art in the light
of the foregoing disclosure, many alterations and modifications are
possible in the practice of this invention without departing from
the spirit or scope thereof. Accordingly, the scope of the
invention is to be construed in accordance with the substance
defined by the following claims.
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