U.S. patent application number 11/658625 was filed with the patent office on 2009-08-20 for imidazo[4,5-d]pyrimidines, their uses and methods of preparation.
This patent application is currently assigned to Gilead Sciences, Inc.. Invention is credited to Choung U. Kim, Johan Neyts, David A. Oare, Gerhard Puerstinger.
Application Number | 20090208456 11/658625 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 35709368 |
Filed Date | 2009-08-20 |
United States Patent
Application |
20090208456 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Puerstinger; Gerhard ; et
al. |
August 20, 2009 |
Imidazo[4,5-d]pyrimidines, their uses and methods of
preparation
Abstract
The present invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions for
the treatment of prevention of viral infections comprising as an
active principle at least one imidazo[4,5-c]pyrimidine having the
general formula (A), wherein the substituents are described in the
specification. The invention also relates to processes for the
preparation of compounds according to the invention having above
mentioned general formula, their pharmaceutically acceptable
formulations and their use as a medicine or to treat or prevent
viral infections. ##STR00001##
Inventors: |
Puerstinger; Gerhard; (Igls,
AT) ; Kim; Choung U.; (San Carlos, CA) ;
Neyts; Johan; (Kessel-Lo, BE) ; Oare; David A.;
(Belmont, CA) |
Correspondence
Address: |
GILEAD SCIENCES INC
333 LAKESIDE DR
FOSTER CITY
CA
94404
US
|
Assignee: |
Gilead Sciences, Inc.
Foster City
CA
K.U. Leuven Research & Development
Leuven
Gerhard Puerstinger
Igls
|
Family ID: |
35709368 |
Appl. No.: |
11/658625 |
Filed: |
July 26, 2005 |
PCT Filed: |
July 26, 2005 |
PCT NO: |
PCT/US05/26606 |
371 Date: |
January 9, 2009 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
60591726 |
Jul 27, 2004 |
|
|
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
424/85.7 ; 435/5;
514/265.1; 514/303; 514/43; 544/264; 546/118 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61P 31/18 20180101;
C07D 473/30 20130101; C07D 473/00 20130101; A61P 31/12 20180101;
A61P 31/14 20180101; A61P 1/18 20180101; C07D 471/04 20130101; A61P
43/00 20180101 |
Class at
Publication: |
424/85.7 ; 435/5;
514/43; 514/265.1; 514/303; 544/264; 546/118 |
International
Class: |
A61K 38/21 20060101
A61K038/21; C12Q 1/70 20060101 C12Q001/70; A61K 31/708 20060101
A61K031/708; A61K 31/52 20060101 A61K031/52; A61K 31/437 20060101
A61K031/437; C07D 473/00 20060101 C07D473/00; C07D 471/00 20060101
C07D471/00 |
Claims
1. A compound of formula (A) ##STR00325## wherein: the dotted lines
represent optional double bonds, provided that no two double bonds
are adjacent to one another, and that the dotted lines represent at
least 3, optionally 4 double bonds; U is N; R.sup.1 is selected
from hydrogen, aryl, heterocycle, C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkoxy,
C.sub.1-C.sub.10 thioalkyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkyl-amino,
C.sub.1-C.sub.10 dialkyl-amino, C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10
cycloalkenyl, and C.sub.4-10 cycloalkynyl, wherein each are
optionally substituted with 1 or more R.sup.6; Y is selected from a
single bond, O, S(O)m (where m is an integer from 0 to 2),
NR.sup.11, C.sub.1-10 alkylene, C.sub.2-10 alkenylene, and
C.sub.2-10 alkynylene, or C.sub.1-10 alkylene, C.sub.2-20
alkenylene or C.sub.2-10 alkynylene, wherein 1 to 3 methylene
groups optionally are independently replaced by 1 to 3 heteroatoms
selected from O, S or NR.sup.11; R.sup.2 and R.sup.4 are
independently selected from hydrogen, C.sub.1-18 alkyl, C.sub.2-18
alkenyl, C.sub.2-18 alkynyl, C.sub.1-18 alkoxy, C.sub.1-18
alkylthio, halogen, --OH, --CN, --NO.sub.2, --NR.sup.7R.sup.8,
haloalkyloxy, haloalkyl, --C(.dbd.O)R.sup.9, --C(.dbd.S)R.sup.9,
SH, aryl, aryloxy, arylthio, arylalkyl, C.sub.1-18 hydroxyalkyl,
C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl, C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyloxy, C.sub.3-10
cycloalkylthio, C.sub.3-10 cycloalkenyl, C.sub.7-10 cycloalkynyl,
and heterocycle, provided that when one of R.sup.25 or R.sup.26 is
present, then either R.sup.2 or R.sup.4 is selected from .dbd.O,
.dbd.S, or .dbd.NR.sup.27; X is selected from C.sub.1-C.sub.10
alkylene, C.sub.2-10 alkenylene or C.sub.2-10 alkynylene, where
each may include one or more heteroatoms selected from O, S, or
NR.sup.11, provided any such heteroatom is not adjacent to the N in
the ring; R.sup.3 is selected from aryl, aryloxy, arylthio,
cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkynyl, aryl-N(R.sup.10)--, or
heterocycle, where each said substituent is optionally substituted
with at least one R.sup.17 provided that for cycloalkenyl the
double bond is not adjacent to a nitrogen; R.sup.5 independently is
absent or is selected from hydrogen, C.sub.1-18 alkyl, C.sub.2-18
alkenyl, C.sub.2-18 alkynyl, C.sub.1-18 alkoxy, C.sub.1-18
alkylthio, halogen, --OH, --CN, --NO.sub.2, --NR.sup.7R.sup.8,
haloalkyloxy, haloalkyl, --C(.dbd.O)R.sup.9, --C(.dbd.O)OR.sup.9,
--C(.dbd.S)R.sup.9, SH, aryl, aryloxy, arylthio, arylalkyl,
C.sub.1-18 hydroxyalkyl, C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl, C.sub.3-10
cycloalkyloxy, C.sub.3-10 cycloalkylthio, C.sub.3-10 cycloalkenyl,
C.sub.7-10 cycloalkynyl, and heterocycle; R.sup.6 is selected from
hydrogen, C.sub.1-18 alkyl, C.sub.2-18 alkenyl, C.sub.2-18 alkynyl,
C.sub.1-18 alkoxy, C.sub.1-18 alkylthio, C.sub.1-18 alkylsulfoxide,
C.sub.1-18 alkylsulfone, C.sub.1-18 halo-alkyl, C.sub.1-18
halo-alkenyl, C.sub.2-18 halo-alkynyl, C.sub.1-18 halo-alkoxy,
C.sub.1-18 halo-alkylthio, C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl, C.sub.3-10
cycloalkenyl, C.sub.7-10 cycloalkynyl, halogen, OH, CN, cyanoalkyl,
--CO.sub.2R.sup.18, NO.sub.2, --NR.sup.7R.sup.8, C.sub.1-18
haloalkyl, C(.dbd.O)R.sup.18, C(.dbd.S)R.sup.18, SH, aryl, aryloxy,
arylthio, arylsulfoxide, arylsulfone, arylsulfonamide,
aryl(C.sub.1-18)alkyl, aryl(C.sub.1-18)alkyloxy,
aryl(C.sub.1-18)alkylthio, heterocycle, and C.sub.1-18
hydroxyalkyl, where each may be optionally substituted with at
least 1 R.sup.19; R.sup.7 and R.sup.8 are independently selected
from hydrogen, C.sub.1-18 alkyl, C.sub.1-18 alkenyl, aryl,
C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 cycloalkenyl, heterocycle,
--C(.dbd.O)R.sup.12; --C(.dbd.S)R.sup.12, an amino acid residue
linked through a carboxyl group thereof, and the group formed when
R.sup.7 and R.sup.8 are taken together with the nitrogen to form a
heterocycle; R.sup.9 and R.sup.18 are independently selected from
hydrogen, OH, C.sub.1-18 alkyl, C.sub.2-18 alkenyl, C.sub.3-10
cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 cycloalkenyl, C.sub.1-18 alkoxy,
--NR.sup.15R.sup.16, aryl, an amino acid residue linked through an
amino group of the amino acid, CH.sub.2OCH(.dbd.O)R.sup.9'', and
CH.sub.2OC(.dbd.O)OR.sup.9a where R.sup.9a is C.sub.1-C.sub.12
alkyl, C.sub.6-C.sub.20 aryl, C.sub.6-C.sub.20 alkylaryl or
C.sub.6-C.sub.20 aralkyl; R.sup.10 and R.sup.11 are independently
selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C.sub.1-18 alkyl,
C.sub.2-18 alkenyl, C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl, C.sub.1-10 cycloalkenyl,
aryl, --C(.dbd.O)R.sup.12, heterocycle, and an amino acid residue;
R.sup.12 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen,
C.sub.1-18 alkyl, C.sub.2-18 alkenyl, aryl, C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl,
C.sub.4-10 cycloalkenyl, and an amino acid residue; R.sup.15 and
R.sup.16 are independently selected from hydrogen, C.sub.1-18
alkyl, C.sub.2-18 alkenyl, C.sub.2-18 alkynyl, aryl, arylalkyl
(unsubstituted, or substituted with C(O)OR.sup.18), C.sub.3-10
cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 cycloalkenyl, and an amino acid residue;
R.sup.17 is independently selected from the group consisting of (a)
hydrogen, C.sub.1-18 alkyl, C.sub.2-18 alkenyl, C.sub.2-18 alkynyl,
C.sub.1-18 alkoxy, C.sub.1-18 alkylthio, C.sub.1-18 alkylsulfoxide,
C.sub.1-18 alkylsulfone, C.sub.1-18 halogenated alkyl, C.sub.2-18
halogenated alkenyl, C.sub.2-18 halogenated alkynyl, C.sub.1-18
halogenated alkoxy, C.sub.1-18 halogenated alkylthio, C.sub.3-10
cycloalkyl, C.sub.3-10 cycloalkenyl, C.sub.7-10 cycloalkynyl,
halogen, OH, CN, CO.sub.2H, CO.sub.2R.sup.18, NO.sub.2,
NR.sup.7R.sup.8, haloalkyl, C(.dbd.O)R.sup.18, C(.dbd.S)R.sup.18,
SH; aryl, heterocycle, aryloxy, arylthio, arylsulfoxide,
arylsulfone, arylsulfonamide, arylalkyl, arylalkyloxy,
arylalkylthio, heterocycle and C.sub.1-18 hydroxyalkyl, where each
of said aryl, aryloxy, arylthio, arylsulfoxide, arylsulfone,
arylsulfonamide, arylalkyl, arylakyloxy, arylalkylthio,
heterocycle, or C.sub.1-18 hydroxyalkyl is optionally substituted
with 1 or more R.sup.19, and (b) M-Q- wherein M is a ring
optionally substituted with 1 or more R.sup.19, and Q is a bond or
a linking group connecting M to R.sup.3 having 1 to 10 atoms
selected from C and optionally 1 or more O, N or S atoms and
optionally substituted with 1 or more R.sup.19, R.sup.19 is
selected from (a) H; (b) NO.sub.2, SH, NR.sup.20R.sup.21, OH,
halogen and CN; (c) Sulfone, sulfonamide and sulfoxide; (d)
C.sub.1-18 alkyl, C.sub.2-18 alkenyl and C.sub.2-18 alkynyl; (e)
C.sub.1-18 alkyl, C.sub.2-18 alkenyl and C.sub.2-18 alkynyl wherein
1 or more methylene are replaced by 1 or more O, S, NR.sup.20,
C(O)NR.sup.20R.sup.21, OC(O)R.sup.12, C(O)OR.sup.12 or
N(R.sup.20)C(O); (f) Substituents c), d) or e) substituted further
by C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl, C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl, C.sub.4-10
cycloalkynyl, aryl or heterocycle; (g) C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl,
C.sub.4-10 cycloalkenyl, C.sub.4-10 cycloalkynyl, aryl and
heterocycle, or said groups substituted with C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
C(O)OR.sup.12.dbd.O, halogen, CN, C(O)NR.sup.20R.sup.21,
C(O)R.sup.18 or OC(O)R.sup.18; (h) C(O)R.sup.18, C(O)OR.sup.18,
OC(O)R.sup.18, C(S)R.sup.18 and C(O)N(R.sup.12).sub.2; (i)
Substituents d) or e) substituted with .dbd.O, CN, halogen,
C(O)R.sup.18, C(O)NR.sup.20R.sup.21, OC(O)R.sup.18, heterocycle,
and heterocycle substituted with C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl,
C(O)OR.sup.12, .dbd.O, CN, halogen, OC(O)R.sup.18 or
C(O)NR.sup.20R.sup.21; (j) Substituents c) substituted further with
C.sub.1-18 alkyl; and (k) Substituents f) or g) substituted further
with C.sub.1-18 alkyl, .dbd.O, NR.sup.20R.sup.21, CN, C.sub.1-18
alkoxy, heterocycle, C.sub.1-18 haloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl or
halogen; R.sup.20 and R.sup.21 are independently selected from
hydrogen, C.sub.1-18 alkyl, C.sub.2-18 alkenyl, C.sub.2-18 alkynyl,
aryl, heterocycle, C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 cycloalkenyl,
--C(.dbd.O)R.sup.12, and --C(.dbd.S)R.sup.12; R.sup.25 and R.sup.26
are independently not present or are selected from hydrogen,
C.sub.1-18 alkyl, C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl, aryl and heterocycle,
where each is optionally independently substituted with 1 to 4 of
C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, halo, CH.sub.2OH, benzyloxy, and
OH; R.sup.27 is selected from hydrogen, C.sub.1-18 alkyl,
C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl, (C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl)-C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
aryl, and arylC.sub.1-18 alkyl; and salts, tautomers, polymorphs,
isomers and solvates thereof.
2. The compound of claim 1 wherein R.sup.1 is haloaryl, X is
methylene, R.sup.3 is heterocycle substituted with 1 or 2
R.sup.17.
3. The compound of claim 1 wherein R.sup.1 is an aryl or aromatic
heterocycle substituted with 1 or 2 R.sup.6.
4. The compound of claim 1 wherein R.sup.3 is heterocycle.
5. The compound of claim 1 wherein YR.sup.1 is haloaryl.
6. The compound of claim 5 wherein haloaryl is
ortho-fluorophenyl.
7. The compound of claim 1 wherein R.sup.3 is isoxazolyl
substituted with 1 R.sup.17.
8. The compound of claim 2 wherein R.sup.17 is aryl or an aromatic
heterocycle which is substituted with 1, 2 or 3 R.sup.19.
9. The compound of claim 1 wherein YR.sup.1 is none of hydrogen,
C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl, or C.sub.1-6 alkyl.
10. The compound of claim 9 wherein YR.sup.1 is not hydrogen or
C.sub.1-6 alkyl.
11. The compound of claim 1 wherein R.sup.19 is trihalomethyl,
trihalomethoxy, alkoxy or halogen.
12. The compound of claim 1 wherein R.sup.W is aryl or aromatic
heterocyle substituted with 1, 2 or 3 R.sup.6 wherein R.sup.6 is
halogen, C.sub.1-18 alkoxy; or C.sub.1-18 haloalkyl.
13. The compound of claim 12 wherein R.sup.1 is phenyl substituted
with 1, 2 or 3 halogens.
14. The compound of claim 13 wherein halogen is fluoro.
15. The compound of claim 1 wherein Y is a single bond, O,
C.sub.1-6 allylene, C.sub.2-6 alkenylene, C.sub.2-6 alkynylene or
one of said groups containing 1 to 3 heteroatoms selected from O, S
or NR.sup.11.
16. The compound of claim 15 wherein Y is --O(CH.sub.2).sub.1-5--,
--(CH.sub.2).sub.1-4--O--(CH.sub.2).sub.1-4--,
--S--(CH.sub.2).sub.1-5--,
--(CH.sub.2).sub.1-4--S--(CH.sub.2).sub.1-4--,
--NR.sup.11--(CH.sub.2).sub.1-5--, --(CH.sub.2).sub.1-4--,
--NR.sup.11--(CH.sub.2).sub.1-4 or C.sub.3-10 cycloalkylidene.
17. The compound of claim 15 wherein Y is --OCH.sub.2--,
--CH.sub.2O--, C.sub.1-2 alkylene, C.sub.2-3 alkenylene, C.sub.2-3
alkynylene, O or a bond.
18. The compound of claim 15 wherein Y is a bond.
19. The compound of claim 1 wherein YR.sup.1 is a single ring
aromatic carbocycle or a heterocycle containing 1 or 2 N, S or O
atoms in the ring.
20. The compound of claim 19 wherein the carbocycle or heterocycle
contains 4 to 6 ring atoms.
21. The compound of claim 1 wherein YR.sup.1 is halo- or
halomethyl-substituted phenyl.
22. The compound of claim 1 wherein aryl or heteroaryl are
substituted ortho or meta with halo- or halomethyl.
23. The compound of claim 1 wherein X is selected from the group
consisting of alkylene, alkynylene or alkenylene and said
hydrocarbons having an intrachain N, O or S heteroatom.
24. The compound of claim 1 wherein X is alkylene.
25. The compound of claim 23 wherein X is selected from the group
consisting of --CH.sub.2--, --CH(CH.sub.3)--,
--CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2--, --CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2--,
--CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2,
--(CH.sub.2).sub.2-4--O--(CH.sub.2).sub.2-4--,
--(CH.sub.2).sub.2-4--S--(CH.sub.2).sub.2-4--,
--(CH.sub.2).sub.2-4--NR.sup.10--(CH.sub.2).sub.2-4--, C.sub.3-10
cycloalkylidene, C.sub.2-6 alkenylene and C.sub.2-6 alkynylene.
26. The compound of claim 1 wherein X is methylene.
27. The compound of claim 1 wherein R.sup.3 is aryl or a
heterocycle substituted with 0 to 3 R.sup.17.
28. The compound of claim 27 wherein the heterocycle is an aromatic
heterocycle.
29. The compound of claim 28 wherein the heterocycle contains 1, 2
or 3 N, S or O atoms in the ring, is linked to X through a ring
carbon atom and contains 4 to 6 total ring atoms.
30. The compound of claim 29 wherein R.sup.3 is isoxazolyl
substituted with 1 to 3 R.sup.17.
31. The compound of claim 1 wherein R.sup.17 is aryl or a
heterocycle further substituted with 1 to 3 R.sup.19.
32. The compound of claim 1 wherein M is aryl or aromatic
heterocycle.
33. The compound of claim 1 wherein Q contains 0 to 20 atoms
selected from C, O, S, N and H.
34. The compound of claim 1 wherein M is a cyclic group selected
from R.sup.17.
35. The compound of claim 1 wherein R.sup.17 is selected from the
group consisting of C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl, C.sub.3-10 cycloalkenyl,
C.sub.7-10 cycloalkynyl, halogen, aryl, aryloxy, arylthio,
arylsulfoxide, arylsulfone, arylsulfonamide, arylalkyl;
arylalkyloxy; arylalkylthio; heterocycle; C.sub.1-18 hydroxyalkyl,
each of said C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl, C.sub.3-10 cycloalkenyl,
C.sub.7-10 cycloalkynyl, halogen, aryl, aryloxy, arylthio,
arylsulfoxide, arylsulfone, arylsulfonamide, arylalkyl;
arylalkyloxy; arylalkylthio; heterocycle; and C.sub.1-18
hydroxyalkyl is unsubstituted or is substituted 1 or more
R.sup.19.
36. The compound of claim 1 wherein R.sup.7 is selected from the
group consisting of aryl and heterocycle, and where said aryl or
heterocycle is optionally substituted with 1 or more R.sup.19.
37. The compound of claim 1 wherein R.sup.9 and R.sup.18 are H, OH
or alkyl.
38. The compound of claim 1 wherein R.sup.5 is H.
39. The compound of claim 1 wherein R.sup.6 is halogen.
40. The compound of claim 1 wherein R.sup.7, R.sup.8, R.sup.10,
R.sup.11, R.sup.15, R.sup.16, R.sup.20, and R.sup.21 are
independently H or C.sub.1-18 alkyl.
41. The compound of claim 1 wherein R.sup.12 is OH or alkyl.
42. The compound of claim 1 wherein R.sup.19 is selected from the
group consisting of H; C.sub.1-18 alkyl; C.sub.2-18 alkenyl;
C.sub.2-18 alkynyl; C.sub.1-18 alkoxy; alkenyloxy; alkynyloxy;
C.sub.1-18 alkylthio; C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl; C.sub.4-10
cycloalkenyl; C.sub.4-10 cycloalkynyl; halogen; OH; CN; cyanoalkyl;
NO.sub.2; NR.sup.20R.sup.21; haloalkyl; haloalkyloxy;
C(.dbd.O)R.sup.18; C(.dbd.O)OR.sup.18; OalkenylC(.dbd.O)OR.sup.18;
-OalkylC(.dbd.O)NR.sup.20R.sup.21; aryl; heterocycle;
-OalkylOC(.dbd.O)R.sup.18; C(.dbd.O)N(C.sub.1-6 alkyl),
N(H)S(O)(O)(C.sub.1-6 alkyl); arylalkyloxy; aryloxy; arylalkyloxy;
and arylalkyl.
43. The compound of claim 42 wherein R.sup.19 is independently
selected from the group consisting of halogen, N(R.sup.20R.sup.21),
alkoxy, halo-substituted alkyl and halo-substituted alkoxy.
44. The compound of claim 1 wherein R.sup.25 and R.sup.26 are not
present.
45. The compound of claim 1 which is not substituted at R.sup.25
but is substituted at R.sup.26, and either R.sup.2 or R.sup.4 is
selected from (.dbd.O), (.dbd.S), and (.dbd.NR.sup.27).
46. The compound of claim 1 wherein haloalkyl or haloalkyloxy is
--CF.sub.3 or --OCF.sub.3.
47. The compound of claim 1 wherein R.sup.19 is any individual,
combination or subcombination of substituents (a)-(k).
48. A compound having the general formula (A), ##STR00326##
wherein: the dotted lines represent optional double bonds, provided
that no two double bonds are adjacent to one another, and that the
dotted lines represent at least 3, optionally 4 double bonds;
R.sup.1 is selected from hydrogen, aryl, heterocycle (other than
piperazinyl, piperidinyl, or either substituted with 1 or more
R.sup.6), C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkoxy, C.sub.1-C.sub.10 thioalkyl,
C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkyl-amino, C.sub.1-C.sub.10 dialkyl-amino,
C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 cycloalkenyl, and C.sub.4-10
cycloalkynyl, wherein each are optionally substituted with 1 or
more R.sup.6; Y is selected from a single bond, O, S(O).sub.m
(where m is an integer from 0 to 2), NR.sup.11, C.sub.1-10
alkylene, C.sub.2-10 alkenylene, C.sub.2-10 alkynylene, or C.sub.10
alkylene, C.sub.2-20 alkenylene or C.sub.2-10 alkynylene wherein 1
to 3 methylene groups optionally are independently replaced by 1 to
3 heteroatoms selected from O, S or NR.sup.11; provided, however,
that YR.sup.1 is not H; R.sup.2 and R.sup.4 are independently
selected from hydrogen, C.sub.1-18 alkyl, C.sub.2-18 alkenyl,
C.sub.2-18 alkynyl, C.sub.1-18 alkoxy, C.sub.1-18 alkylthio,
halogen, --OH, --CN, --NO.sub.2, --NR.sup.7R.sup.8, haloalkyloxy,
haloalkyl, --C(.dbd.O)R.sup.9, --C(.dbd.S)R.sup.9, SH, aryl,
aryloxy, arylthio, arylalkyl, C.sub.1-18 hydroxyalkyl, C.sub.3-10
cycloalkyl, C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyloxy, C.sub.3-10 cycloalkylthio,
C.sub.3-10 cycloalkenyl, C.sub.7-10 cycloalkynyl, or heterocycle,
provided that when one of R.sup.25 or R.sup.26 is present, then
either R.sup.2 or R.sup.4 is selected from (.dbd.O), (.dbd.S), and
.dbd.NR; and further provided that not both of R.sup.2 and R.sup.4
is OH, SH, thio or oxo; X is selected from C.sub.1-C.sub.10
alkylene, C.sub.2-10 alkenylene or C.sub.2-10 alkynylene, where
each may include one or more heteroatoms selected from O, S, or
NR.sup.11, provided any such heteroatom is not adjacent to the N in
the ring; R.sup.3 is selected from aryl, aryloxy, arylthio,
cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkynyl, aryl-N(R.sup.10)--, or
heterocycle, where each said substituent may be optionally
substituted with at least one R.sup.17, provided that for
cycloalkenyl the double bond is not adjacent to a nitrogen; R.sup.5
independently is absent or is selected from hydrogen, C.sub.1-18
alkyl, C.sub.2-18 alkenyl, C.sub.2-18 alkynyl, C.sub.1-18 alkoxy,
C.sub.1-18 alkylthio, halogen, --OH, --CN, --NO.sub.2,
--NR.sup.7R.sup.8, haloalkyloxy, haloalkyl, --C(.dbd.O)R.sup.9,
--C(.dbd.O)OR.sup.9, --C(.dbd.S)R.sup.9, SH, aryl, aryloxy,
arylthio, arylalkyl, C.sub.1-18 hydroxyalkyl, C.sub.3-10
cycloalkyl, C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyloxy, C.sub.3-10 cycloalkylthio,
C.sub.3-10 cycloalkenyl, C.sub.7-10 cycloalkynyl, or heterocycle;
R.sup.6 is selected from hydrogen, C.sub.1-18 alkyl, C.sub.2-18
alkenyl, C.sub.2-18 alkynyl, C.sub.1-18 alkoxy, C.sub.1-18
alkylthio, C.sub.1-18 alkylsulfoxide, C.sub.1-18 alkylsulfone,
C.sub.1-18 halo-alkyl, C.sub.2-18 halo-alkenyl, C.sub.2-18
halo-alkynyl, C.sub.1-18 halo-alkoxy, C.sub.1-18 halo-alkylthio,
C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl, C.sub.3-10 cycloalkenyl, C.sub.7-10
cycloalkynyl, halogen, OH, CN, cyanoalkyl, --CO.sub.2R.sup.18,
NO.sub.2, --NR.sup.7R.sup.8, C.sub.1-18 haloalkyl,
C(.dbd.O)R.sup.18, C(.dbd.S)R.sup.18, SH, aryl, aryloxy, arylthio,
arylsulfoxide, arylsulfone, arylsulfonamide, aryl(C.sub.1-18)alkyl,
aryl(C.sub.1-18)alkyloxy, aryl(C.sub.1-18)alkylthio, heterocycle,
C.sub.1-18 hydroxyalkyl, where each may be optionally substituted
with at least 1 R.sup.19; R.sup.7 and R.sup.8 are independently
selected from hydrogen, C.sub.1-18 alkyl, C.sub.1-18 alkenyl, aryl,
C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 cycloalkenyl, heterocycle,
--C(.dbd.O)R.sup.12; --C(.dbd.S)R.sup.12, an amino acid residue
linked through a carboxyl group thereof, or where R.sup.7 and
R.sup.8 together with the nitrogen form a heterocycle; R.sup.9 and
R.sup.18 are independently selected from hydrogen, OH, C.sub.1-18
alkyl, C.sub.2-18 alkenyl, C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10
cycloalkenyl, C.sub.1-18 alkoxy, --NR.sup.15R.sup.16, aryl, an
amino acid residue linked through an amino group of the amino acid,
CH.sub.2OCH(.dbd.O)R.sup.9a, or CH.sub.2OC(.dbd.O)OR.sup.9a where
R.sup.9a is C.sub.1-C.sub.12 alkyl, C.sub.6-C.sub.20 aryl,
C.sub.6-C.sub.20 alkylaryl or C.sub.6-C.sub.20 aralkyl; R.sup.10
and R.sup.11 are independently selected from the group consisting
of hydrogen, C.sub.1-18 alkyl, C.sub.2-18 alkenyl, C.sub.1-10
cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 cycloalkenyl, aryl, --C(.dbd.O)R.sup.12,
heterocycle, or an amino acid residue; R.sup.12 is selected from
the group consisting of hydrogen, C.sub.1-18 alkyl, C.sub.2-18
alkenyl, aryl, C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 cycloalkenyl, or
an amino acid residue; R.sup.15 and R.sup.16 are independently
selected from hydrogen, C.sub.1-18 alkyl, C.sub.2-18 alkenyl,
C.sub.2-18 alkynyl, aryl, C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10
cycloalkenyl, or an amino acid residue; R.sup.17 is independently
M-Q- wherein M is a ring optionally substituted with 1 or more
R.sup.19, and Q is a bond or a linking group connecting M to
R.sup.3 having 1 to 10 atoms selected from C and optionally 1 or
more O, N or S atoms and optionally substituted with 1 or more
R.sup.19; R.sup.19 is selected from (a) H; (b) NO.sub.2, SH,
NR.sup.20R.sup.21, OH, halogen and CN; (c) Sulfone, sulfonamide and
sulfoxide; (d) C.sub.1-18 alkyl, C.sub.2-18 alkenyl and C.sub.2-18
alkynyl; (e) C.sub.1-18 alkyl, C.sub.2-18 alkenyl and C.sub.2-18
alkynyl wherein 1 or more methylene are replaced by 1 or more O, S,
NR.sup.20, C(O)NR.sup.20R.sup.21, OC(O)R.sup.12, C(O)OR.sup.12 or
N(R.sup.20)C(O); (f) Substituents c), d) or e) substituted further
by C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 cycloalkenyl, C.sub.4-10
cycloalkynyl, aryl or heterocycle; (g) C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl,
C.sub.4-10 cycloalkenyl, C.sub.4-10 cycloalkynyl, aryl and
heterocycle, or said groups substituted with C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
C(O)OR.sup.12.dbd.O, halogen, CN, C(O)NR.sup.20R.sup.21,
C(O)R.sup.18 or OC(O)R.sup.18; (h) C(O)R.sup.18, C(O)OR.sup.18,
OC(O)R.sup.18, C(S)R.sup.18 and C(O)N(R.sup.12); (i) Substituents
d) or e) substituted with .dbd.O, CN, halogen, C(O)R.sup.18,
C(O)NR.sup.20R.sup.21, OC(O)R.sup.18, heterocycle and heterocycle
substituted with C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl, C(O)OR.sup.12, .dbd.O, CN,
halogen, OC(O)R.sup.18 or C(O)NR.sup.20R.sup.21, (j) Substituents
c) substituted further with C.sub.1-18 alkyl; and (k) Substituents
f) or g) substituted further with C.sub.1-18 alkyl, .dbd.O,
NR.sup.20R.sup.21, CN, C.sub.1-18 alkoxy, heterocycle, C.sub.1-18
haloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl or halogen; R.sup.20 and R.sup.21 are
independently selected from hydrogen, C.sub.1-18 alkyl, C.sub.2-18
alkenyl, C.sub.2-18 alkynyl, aryl, heterocycle, C.sub.3-10
cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 cycloalkenyl, --C(.dbd.O)R.sup.12, or
--C(.dbd.S)R; R.sup.25 and R.sup.26 are independently not present
or are selected from hydrogen, C.sub.1-18 alkyl, C.sub.3-10
cycloalkyl, aryl and heterocycle, where each is optionally
independently substituted with 1 to 4 of C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-6
alkoxy, halo, CH.sub.2OH, benzyloxy, and OH; and R.sup.27 is
selected from hydrogen, C.sub.1-18 alkyl, C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl,
(C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl)-C.sub.1-6 alkyl, aryl, and aryl C.sub.1-18
alkyl, and salts, tautomers, polymorphs, isomers and solvates
thereof.
49. The compound of claim 48 wherein Y is a single bond, and
R.sup.1 is aryl or aromatic heterocycle which is unsubstituted or
substituted with one or more R.sup.1.
50. The compound of claim 48 wherein X is C.sub.1-C.sub.10
alkylene, C.sub.2-10 alkenylene or C.sub.2-10 alkynylene.
51. The compound of claim 48 wherein R.sup.3 is heterocyle.
52. The compound of claim 48 wherein R.sup.3 is heterocycle
substituted with R.sup.17 where Q is a bond and M is aryl
substituted with 1 or 2 R.sup.19.
53. The compound of claim 48 wherein Y is a single bond, and
R.sup.1 is phenyl.
54. The compound of claim 48 wherein R.sup.3 is isoxazole
substituted with R.sup.17 where Q is a bond and M is aryl
substituted with 1 or 2 R.sup.19.
55. The compound of claim 48 wherein R.sup.3 is isoxazole
substituted with R.sup.17 where Q is a bond and M is phenyl
substituted with 1 or 2 R.sup.19.
56. A compound having the general formula (B), ##STR00327##
wherein: R.sup.1 is selected from aryl, heterocycle, C.sub.3-10
cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 cycloalkenyl, and C.sub.4-10 cycloalkynyl,
wherein each are optionally substituted with 1 or 2 R.sup.6; Y is a
bond; R.sup.2 and R.sup.4 are independently selected from hydrogen,
C.sub.1-18 alkyl, C.sub.2-18 alkenyl, C.sub.2-18 alkynyl,
C.sub.1-18 alkoxy, C.sub.1-18 alkylthio, halogen, --OH, --CN,
--NO.sub.2, --NR.sup.7R.sup.8, haloalkyloxy, haloalkyl,
--C(.dbd.O)R.sup.9, --C(.dbd.S)R.sup.9, SH, aryl, aryloxy,
arylthio, arylalkyl, C.sub.1-18 hydroxyalkyl, C.sub.3-10
cycloalkyl, C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyloxy, C.sub.3-10 cycloalkylthio,
C.sub.3-10 cycloalkenyl, C.sub.7-10 cycloalkynyl, or heterocycle,
provided that when one of R.sup.25 or R.sup.26 is present, then
either R.sup.2 or R.sup.4 is selected from (.dbd.O), (.dbd.S), and
.dbd.NR.sup.27; provided that R.sup.2 is not OH, SH, thio or oxo; X
is selected from C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkylene, C.sub.2-3 alkenylene or
C.sub.2-3 alkynylene; R.sup.3 is selected from aryl, aryloxy,
arylthio, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkynyl,
aryl-N(R.sup.10)--, or heterocycle, where each is optionally
substituted with at least one R.sup.17, provided that for
cycloalkenyl the double bond is not adjacent to a nitrogen; R.sup.5
independently is absent or is selected from hydrogen, C.sub.1-18
alkyl, C.sub.2-18 alkenyl, C.sub.2-18 alkynyl, C.sub.1-18 alkoxy,
C.sub.1-18 alkylthio, halogen, --OH, --CN, --NO.sub.2,
--NR.sup.7R.sup.8, haloalkyloxy, haloalkyl, --C(.dbd.O)R.sup.9,
--C(.dbd.O)OR.sup.9, --C(.dbd.S)R.sup.9, SH, aryl, aryloxy,
arylthio, arylalkyl, C.sub.1-18 hydroxyalkyl, C.sub.3-10
cycloalkyl, C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyloxy, C.sub.3-10 cycloalkylthio,
C.sub.3-10 cycloalkenyl, C.sub.7-10 cycloalkynyl, or heterocycle;
R.sup.6 is selected from hydrogen, C.sub.1-18 alkyl, C.sub.2-18
alkenyl, C.sub.2-18 alkynyl, C.sub.1-18 alkoxy, C.sub.1-18
alkylthio, C.sub.1-18 alkylsulfoxide, C.sub.1-18 alkylsulfone,
C.sub.1-18 halo-alkyl, C.sub.2-18 halo-alkenyl, C.sub.2-18
halo-alkynyl, C.sub.1-18 halo-alkoxy, C.sub.1-18 halo-alkylthio,
C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl, C.sub.3-10 cycloalkenyl, C.sub.7-10
cycloalkynyl, halogen, OH, CN, cyanoalkyl, --CO.sub.2R.sup.18,
NO.sub.2, --NR.sup.7R.sup.8, C.sub.1-18 haloalkyl,
C(.dbd.O)R.sup.18, C(.dbd.S)R.sup.18, SH, aryl, aryloxy, arylthio,
arylsulfoxide, arylsulfone, arylsulfonamide, aryl(C.sub.1-18)alkyl,
aryl(C.sub.1-18)alkyloxy, aryl(C.sub.1-18)alkylthio, heterocycle,
C.sub.1-18 hydroxyalkyl, where each may be optionally substituted
with at least 1 R.sup.19; R.sup.7 and R.sup.8 are independently
selected from hydrogen, C.sub.1-18 alkyl, C.sub.1-18 alkenyl, aryl,
C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 (cycloalkenyl, heterocycle,
--C(.dbd.O)R.sup.12; --C(.dbd.S)R.sup.12, an amino acid residue
linked through a carboxyl group thereof, or where R.sup.7 and
R.sup.8 together with the nitrogen form a heterocycle; R.sup.9 and
R.sup.18 are independently selected from hydrogen, OH, C.sub.1-18
alkyl, C.sub.2-18 alkenyl, C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10
cycloalkenyl, C.sub.1-18 alkoxy, --NR.sup.15R.sup.16, aryl, an
amino acid residue linked through an amino group of the amino acid,
CH.sub.2OCH(.dbd.O)R.sup.9a, or CH.sub.2OC(.dbd.O)OR.sup.9a where
R.sup.9a is C.sub.1-C.sub.12 alkyl, C.sub.6-C.sub.20 aryl,
C.sub.6-C.sub.20 alkylaryl or C.sub.1-C.sub.20 aralkyl; R.sup.10
and R.sup.11 are independently selected from the group consisting
of hydrogen, C.sub.1-18 alkyl, C.sub.2-18 alkenyl, C.sub.1-10
cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 cycloalkenyl, aryl, --C(.dbd.O)R.sup.12,
heterocycle, or an amino acid residue; R.sup.12 is selected from
the group consisting of hydrogen, C.sub.1-18 alkyl, C.sub.2-18
alkenyl, aryl, C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 cycloalkenyl, or
an amino acid residue; R.sup.15 and R.sup.16 are independently
selected from hydrogen, C.sub.1-18 alkyl, C.sub.2-18 alkenyl,
C.sub.2-18 alkynyl, aryl, C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10
cycloalkenyl, or an amino acid residue; R.sup.17 is independently
selected from the group consisting of (a) hydrogen, C.sub.1-18
alkyl, C.sub.2-18 alkenyl, C.sub.2-18 alkynyl, C.sub.1-18 alkoxy,
C.sub.1-18 alkylthio, C.sub.1-18 alkylsulfoxide, C.sub.1-18
alkylsulfone, C.sub.1-18 halogenated alkyl, C.sub.2-18 halogenated
alkenyl, C.sub.2-18 halogenated alkynyl, C.sub.1-18 halogenated
alkoxy, C.sub.1-18 halogenated alkylthio, C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl,
C.sub.3-10 cycloalkenyl, C.sub.7-10 cycloalkynyl, halogen, OH, CN,
CO.sub.2H, CO.sub.2R.sup.18, NO.sub.2, NR.sup.7R.sup.8, haloalkyl,
C(.dbd.O)R.sup.18, C(.dbd.S)R.sup.18, SH, aryl, heterocycle,
aryloxy, arylthio, arylsulfoxide, arylsulfone, arylsulfonamide,
arylalkyl, arylalkyloxy, arylalkylthio, heterocycle and C.sub.1-18
hydroxyalkyl, where each of said aryl, aryloxy, arylthio,
arylsulfoxide, arylsulfone, arylsulfonamide, arylalkyl,
arylalkyloxy, arylalkylthio, heterocycle, or C.sub.1-18
hydroxyalkyl is optionally substituted with 1 or more R.sup.19;
R.sup.9 is selected from (a) H; (b) NO.sub.2, SH,
NR.sup.20R.sup.21, OH, halogen and CN; (c) Sulfone, sulfonamide and
sulfoxide; (d) C.sub.1-18 alkyl, C.sub.2-18 alkenyl and C.sub.2-18
alkynyl; (e) C.sub.1-18 alkyl, C.sub.2-18 alkenyl and C.sub.2-18
alkynyl wherein 1 or more methylene are replaced by 1 or more O, S,
NR.sup.20, C(O)NR.sup.20R.sup.21, OC(O)R.sup.12, C(O)OR.sup.12 or
N(R.sup.20)C(O); (f) Substituents c), d) or e) substituted further
by C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 cycloalkenyl, C.sub.4-10
cycloalkynyl, aryl or heterocycle; (g) C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl,
C.sub.4-10 cycloalkenyl, C.sub.4-10 cycloalkynyl, aryl and
heterocycle, or said groups substituted with C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
C(O)OR.sup.12.dbd.O, halogen, CN, C(O)NR.sup.20R.sup.21,
C(O)R.sup.18 or OC(O)R.sup.18; (h) C(O)R.sup.18, C(O)OR.sup.18,
OC(O)R.sup.18, C(S)R.sup.18 and C(O)N(R.sup.12).sub.2; (i)
Substituents d) or e) substituted with .dbd.O, CN, halogen,
C(O)R.sup.18, C(O)NR.sup.20R.sup.21, OC(O)R.sup.18, heterocycle and
heterocycle substituted with C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl, C(O)OR.sup.12,
.dbd.O, CN, halogen, OC(O)R.sup.8 or C(O)NR.sup.20R.sup.21; (j)
Substituents c) substituted further with C.sub.1-18 alkyl; and (k)
Substituents f) or g) substituted further with C.sub.1-18 alkyl,
.dbd.O, NR.sup.20R.sup.21, CN, C.sub.1-18 alkoxy, heterocycle,
C.sub.1-18 haloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl or halogen; R.sup.20 and
R.sup.21 are independently selected from hydrogen, C.sub.1-18
alkyl, C.sub.2-18 alkenyl, C.sub.2-18 alkynyl, aryl, heterocycle,
C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 cycloalkenyl,
--C(.dbd.O)R.sup.12, or --C(.dbd.S)R.sup.12; R.sup.25 and R.sup.26
are independently not present or are selected from hydrogen,
C.sub.1-18 alkyl, C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl, aryl and heterocycle,
where each is optionally independently substituted with 1 to 4 of
C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, halo, CH.sub.2OH, benzyloxy, and
OH; and R.sup.27 is selected from hydrogen, C.sub.1-18 alkyl,
C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl, (C.sub.1-10 cycloalkyl)-C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
aryl, and aryl C.sub.1-18 alkyl, and salts, tautomers, polymorphs,
isomers and solvates thereof.
57. The compound of claim 56 wherein Y is a single bond, and
R.sup.1 is aryl.
58. The compound of claim 56 wherein X is C.sub.1-C.sub.10
alkylene, C.sub.2-10 alkenylene or C.sub.2-10 alkynylene.
59. The compound of claim 56 wherein R.sup.3 is heterocyle.
60. The compound of claim 56 wherein R.sup.3 is heterocycle
substituted with R.sup.17 where R.sup.17 is aryl substituted with 1
or 2 R.sup.19.
61. The compound of claim 56 wherein Y is a single bond, and
R.sup.1 is phenyl substituted with 1 or 2 R.sup.6.
62. The compound of claim 56 wherein R.sup.3 is isoxazole
substituted with R.sup.17 where R.sup.17 is heterocycle substituted
with 1 or 2 R.sup.19.
63. The compound of claim 60 wherein R.sup.19 is halo or
haloalkyl.
64. A compound having the structure ##STR00328## and its salts,
tautomers, polymorphs and solvates.
65.
8-(2-Fluorophenyl)-1-[(4-trifluoromethyl)phenylmethyl]-1H-purine
and its salts, tautomers, polymorphs and solvates.
66.
1-((3-(4-chlorophenyl)isoxazol-5-yl)methyl)-8-(2,3-difluorophenyl)-1H-
-purine and its salts, tautomers, polymorphs and solvates.
67. The compound ##STR00329## and its salts, tautomers, polymorphs
and solvates.
68. A compound of the structure ##STR00330## and its salts,
tautomers, polymorphs and solvates.
69.
1-((3-(4-chlorophenyl)isoxazol-5-yl)methyl)-8-(2,3-difluorophenyl)-1H-
-purine and its salts, tautomers, polymorphs and solvates.
70. A composition comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable
excipient and a compound of claims 1, 48, 56, and 64-70.
71. A method comprising administering to a subject in need of
treatment or prophylaxis of a viral infection an antivirally
effective amount of a composition of claim 70.
72. The method of claim 71, wherein the viral infection is an HCV
infection.
73. The method of claim 72 further comprising administering at
least one additional antiviral therapy to the subject.
74. The method of claim 73 wherein the additional therapy is
selected from the group consisting of an interferon alpha and
ribavirin.
75. A method of screening antiviral compounds which comprises
providing a compound of claims 1, 48 or 56 and determining the
anti-viral activity of said compound.
76. The method of claim 75 wherein said anti-viral activity is
determined by the activity of said compound against one or more
viruses belonging to the family of the Flaviviridae and/or of the
Picornaviridae.
77. A method for structure-activity determination of analogues of
compounds of WO 2004/005286 having the general structure
##STR00331## wherein the R, X and Y groups are defined in WO
2004/005286, comprising (A) preparing an analogue of a compound
failing within the scope of WO 2004/005286 wherein C.sub.7 is
replaced by N; and (B) determining the anti-HCV activity of the
compound of step (A).
78. The method of claim 77 wherein the substituent is located at
R.sup.3, R.sup.2, R.sup.4, R.sup.26 and/or R.sup.1.
Description
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0001] The present invention relates to imidazo[4,5-d]pyrimidines,
their uses and manufacture. The invention relates specifically to
antiviral compounds, in particular such compounds for the treatment
of Flaviviridae and Picornaviridae.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] The family of the Flaviviridae consists of 3 genera, the
pestiviruses, the flaviviruses and the hepaciviruses and also
contains the hepatitis G virus (HGV/GBV-C) that has not yet been
assigned to a genus. Pestiviruses such as the Classical Swine Fever
Virus (CSFV), the Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) and the Border
Disease Virus (BDV) cause infections of domestic livestock
(respectively pigs, cattle and sheep) and are responsible for
significant economic losses world-wide. BVDV, the prototypic
representative of the pestivirus genus is ubiquitous and causes a
range of clinical manifestations, including abortion,
teratogenesis, respiratory problems, chronic wasting disease,
immune system dysfunction, and predisposition to secondary viral
and bacterial infections and may also cause acute fatal disease.
Fetuses of cattle can be infected persistently with BVDV, these
animals remain viremic throughout life and serve as a continuous
sources for virus spread in herds.
[0003] Vaccines are used in some countries with varying degrees of
success to control pestivirus disease. In other countries, animal
culling and slaughter are used to contain pestivirus disease
outbreaks.
[0004] The World Health Organization estimates that world-wide 170
million people (3% of the world's population) are chronically
infected with HCV (Hepatitis C Virus). These chronic carriers are
at risk of developing cirrhosis and/or liver cancer. In studies
with a 10 to 20 year follow-up, cirrhosis developed in 20-30% of
the patients, 1 to 5% of whom may develop liver cancer during the
next ten years. The only treatment option available today is the
use of interferon .alpha.-2 (or its pegylated form) either alone or
combined with ribavirin. However, sustained response is only
observed in about 40% of the patients and treatment is associated
with serious adverse effects. There is thus an urgent need for
potent and selective inhibitors of the replication of HCV in order
to treat infections with HCV. Furthermore, the study of specific
inhibitors of HCV replication has been hampered by the fact that it
is not possible to propagate HCV (efficiently) in cell culture.
Since HCV and pestiviruses belong to the same virus family and
share many similarities (organization of the genome, analogous gene
products and replication cycle), pestiviruses have been adopted as
a model and surrogate for HCV. For example BVDV is closely related
to hepatitis C virus (HCV) and used as a surrogate virus in drug
development for HCV infection.
[0005] The compound
3-[((2-dipropylamino)ethyl)thio]-5H-1,2,4-triazino[5,6-b]indole has
been reported to selectively inhibit the replication of BVDV and
other pestiviruses (Baginski S G et. al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.
U.S.A. 2000 Jul. 5; 97(14):7981-6). Currently, there is no
antiviral treatment for pestiviral infections.
[0006] Coxsackie viruses belong to the group of the enteroviruses,
family of the Picornaviridae. They cause a heterogeneous group of
infections including herpangina, aseptic meningitis, a
common-cold-like syndrome, a non-paralytic poliomyelitis-like
syndrome, epidemic pleurodynia (an acute, febrile, infectious
disease generally occurring in epidemics), hand-foot-mouth
syndrome, pediatric and adult pancreatitis and serious
myocarditis.
[0007] Currently only pleconaril
(3-13,5-dimethyl-4-[[3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)propyl]phenyl]-5-(trifluoromet-
hyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole)) and enviroxime
(2-amino-1-(isopropylsulfonyl)-6-benzimidazole phenyl ketone oxime)
have been studied clinically for the treatment of infections with
enteroviruses. Pleconaril is a so called "capsid
function-inhibitor"; enviroxime prevents the formation of the RNA
replicative intermediate. Enviroxime resulted in only modest
clinical and virological benefit in some studies and no benefits in
others. Clinical response with Pleconaril has been observed in some
studies, but the compound has not been marketed.
[0008] Reference is made to U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,914,108, 4,990,518,
4,988,707, 5,227,384, 5,302,601 and 5,486,525, EP 113238, WO
96/1192, WO 96/12703, Chemical Abstracts acc no. 1987:18435 and
Chemical Abstracts acc no. 1983:594812, EP 1162196, WO 95/02597, WO
04/033455; WO 2004/018468; WO 03/014229; WO 02/067942; WO 00/073307
and US 2004/0122228.
[0009] A need exists for compounds having activity against the
Picornavidae and Flaviviridae, in particular HCV, having improved
physicochemical and/or pharmacological properties.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0010] The compounds of this invention have the general formula
(A),
##STR00002##
A
[0011] wherein:
[0012] the dotted lines represent optional double bonds, provided
that no two double bonds are adjacent to one another, and that the
dotted lines represent at least 3, optionally 4 double bonds;
[0013] U is N;
[0014] R.sup.1 is selected from aryl, heterocycle, C.sub.1-C.sub.10
alkoxy, C.sub.1-C.sub.10 thioalkyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkyl-amino,
C.sub.1-C.sub.10 dialkyl-amino, C.sub.3-40 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10
cycloalkenyl, and C.sub.4-10 cycloalkynyl, wherein each are
optionally substituted with 1 or more R.sup.6;
[0015] Y is selected from a single bond, O, S(O).sub.m (where m is
an integer from 0 to 2), NR.sup.11, C.sub.1-10 alkylene, C.sub.2-10
alkenylene, and C.sub.2-10 alkynylene, or C.sub.1-10 alkylene,
C.sub.2-20 alkenylene or C.sub.2-10 alkynylene, wherein 1 to 3
methylene groups optionally are independently replaced by 1 to 3
heteroatoms selected from O, S or NR.sup.11;
[0016] R.sup.2 and R.sup.4 are independently selected from
hydrogen, C.sub.1-18 alkyl, C.sub.2-18 alkenyl, C.sub.2-18 alkynyl,
C.sub.1-18 alkoxy, C.sub.1-18 alkylthio, halogen, --OH, --CN,
--NO.sub.2, --NR.sup.7R.sup.8, haloalkyloxy, haloalkyl,
--C(.dbd.O)R.sup.9, --C(.dbd.S)R.sup.9, SH, aryl, aryloxy,
arylthio, arylalkyl, C.sub.1-18 hydroxyalkyl, C.sub.3-10
cycloalkyl, C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyloxy, C.sub.3-10 cycloalkylthio,
C.sub.3-10 cycloalkenyl, C.sub.7-10 cycloalkynyl, and heterocycle,
provided that when one of R.sup.25 or R.sup.26 is present, then
either R.sup.2 or R.sup.4 is selected from .dbd.O, .dbd.S, or
.dbd.NR.sup.27;
[0017] X is selected from C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkylene, C.sub.2-10
alkenylene or C.sub.2-10 alkynylene, where each may include one or
more heteroatoms selected from O, S, or NR.sup.11, provided any
such heteroatom is not adjacent to the N in the ring;
[0018] R.sup.3 is selected from aryl, aryloxy, arylthio,
cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkynyl, aryl-N(R.sup.10)--, or
heterocycle, where each said substituent is optionally substituted
with at least one R.sup.17, provided that for cycloalkenyl the
double bond is not adjacent to a nitrogen;
[0019] R.sup.5 independently is absent or is selected from
hydrogen, C.sub.1-18 alkyl, C.sub.2-18 alkenyl, C.sub.2-18 alkynyl,
C.sub.1-18 alkoxy, C.sub.1-18 alkylthio, halogen, --OH, --CN,
--NO.sub.2, --NR.sup.7R.sup.8, haloalkyloxy, haloalkyl,
--C(.dbd.O)R.sup.9, --C(.dbd.O)OR.sup.9, --C(.dbd.S)R.sup.9, SH,
aryl, aryloxy, arylthio, arylalkyl, C.sub.1-18 hydroxyalkyl,
C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl, C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyloxy, C.sub.3-10
cycloalkylthio, C.sub.3-10 cycloalkenyl, C.sub.7-10 cycloalkynyl,
and heterocycle;
[0020] R.sup.6 is selected from hydrogen, C.sub.1-18 alkyl,
C.sub.2-18 alkenyl, C.sub.2-18 alkynyl, C.sub.1-18 alkoxy,
C.sub.1-18 alkylthio, C.sub.1-18 alkylsulfoxide, C.sub.1-18
alkylsulfone, C.sub.1-18 halo-alkyl, C.sub.2-18 halo-alkenyl,
C.sub.2-18 halo-alkynyl, C.sub.1-18 halo-alkoxy, C.sub.1-18
halo-alkylthio, C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl, C.sub.3-10 cycloalkenyl,
C.sub.7-10 cycloalkynyl, halogen, OH, CN, cyanoalkyl,
--C(O)R.sup.18, NO.sub.2, --NR.sup.7R.sup.8, C.sub.1-18 haloalkyl,
C(.dbd.O)R.sup.18, C(.dbd.S)R.sup.18, SH, aryl, aryloxy, arylthio,
arylsulfoxide, arylsulfone, arylsulfonamide, aryl(C.sub.1-18)alkyl,
aryl(C.sub.1-18)alkyloxy, aryl(C.sub.1-18)alkylthio, heterocycle,
and C.sub.1-18 hydroxyalkyl, where each may be optionally
substituted with at least 1 R.sup.19;
[0021] R.sup.7 and R.sup.8 are independently selected from
hydrogen, C.sub.1-18 alkyl, C.sub.1-18 alkenyl, aryl, C.sub.3-10
cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 cycloalkenyl, heterocycle,
--C(.dbd.O)R.sup.2; --C(.dbd.S)R.sup.12, an amino acid residue
linked through a carboxyl group thereof, and the group formed when
R.sup.7 and R.sup.8 are taken together with the nitrogen to form a
heterocycle;
[0022] R.sup.9 and R.sup.18 are independently selected from
hydrogen, OH, C.sub.1-18 alkyl, C.sub.2-18 alkenyl, C.sub.3-10
cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 cycloalkenyl, C.sub.1-18 alkoxy,
--NR.sup.15R.sup.16, aryl, an amino acid residue linked through an
amino group of the amino acid, CH.sub.2OCH(.dbd.O)R.sup.9a, and
CH.sub.2OC(.dbd.O)OR.sup.9a where R.sup.9a is C.sub.1-C.sub.12
alkyl, C.sub.6-C.sub.20 aryl, C.sub.6-C.sub.20 alkylaryl or
C.sub.6-C.sub.20 aralkyl;
[0023] R.sup.10 and R.sup.11 are independently selected from the
group consisting of hydrogen, C.sub.1-18 alkyl, C.sub.2-18 alkenyl,
C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 cycloalkenyl, aryl,
--C(.dbd.O)R.sup.12, heterocycle, and an amino acid residue;
[0024] R.sup.12 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen,
C.sub.1-18 alkyl, C.sub.2-18 alkenyl, aryl, C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl,
C.sub.4-10 cycloalkenyl, and an amino acid residue;
[0025] R.sup.15 and R.sup.16 are independently selected from
hydrogen, C.sub.1-18 alkyl, C.sub.2-18 alkenyl, C.sub.2-18 alkynyl,
aryl, arylalkyl (unsubstituted or substituted with C(O)OR.sup.18),
C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 cycloalkenyl, and an amino acid
residue;
[0026] R.sup.17 is independently selected from the group consisting
of (a) hydrogen, C.sub.1-18 alkyl, C.sub.2-18 alkenyl, C.sub.2-18
alkynyl, C.sub.1-18 alkoxy, C.sub.1-18 alkylthio, C.sub.1-18
alkylsulfoxide, C.sub.1-18 alkylsulfone, C.sub.1-18 halogenated
alkyl, C.sub.1-18 halogenated alkenyl, C.sub.2-18 halogenated
alkynyl, C.sub.1-18 halogenated alkoxy, C.sub.1-18 halogenated
alkylthio, C.sub.1-10 cycloalkyl, C.sub.3-10 cycloalkenyl,
C.sub.7-10 cycloalkynyl, halogen, OH, CN, CO.sub.2H,
CO.sub.2R.sup.18, NO.sub.2, NR.sup.7R.sup.8, haloalkyl,
C(.dbd.O)R.sup.18, C(.dbd.S)R.sup.18, SH, aryl, aryloxy, arylthio,
arylsulfoxide, arylsulfone, arylsulfonamide, arylalkyl,
arylalkyloxy, arylalkylthio, heterocycle, and C.sub.1-18
hydroxyalkyl, where each of said aryl, aryloxy, arylthio,
arylsulfoxide, arylsulfone, arylsulfonamide, arylalkyl,
arylalkyloxy, arylalkylthio, heterocycle, or C.sub.1-18
hydroxyalkyl is optionally substituted with 1 or more R.sup.19, and
(b) M-Q- wherein M is a ring optionally substituted with 1 or more
R.sup.19, and Q is a bond or a linking group connecting M to
R.sup.3 having 1 to 10 atoms selected from C and optionally 1 or
more O, N or S atoms and optionally substituted with 1 or more
R.sup.19;
[0027] R.sup.19 is selected from [0028] (a) H; [0029] (b) NO.sub.2,
SH, NR.sup.20R.sup.21, OH, halogen and CN; [0030] (c) Sulfone,
sulfonamide and sulfoxide; [0031] (d) C.sub.1-18 alkyl, C.sub.2-18
alkenyl and C.sub.2-18 alkynyl; [0032] (e) C.sub.1-18 alkyl,
C.sub.2-18 alkenyl and C.sub.2-18 alkynyl wherein 1 or more
methylene are replaced by 1 or more O, S, NR.sup.20,
C(O)NR.sup.20R.sup.21, OC(O)R.sup.12, C(O)OR.sup.12 or
N(R.sup.20)C(O); [0033] (f) Substituents c), d) or e) substituted
further by C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 cycloalkenyl,
C.sub.4-10 cycloalkynyl, aryl or heterocycle; [0034] (g) C.sub.3-10
cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 cycloalkenyl, C.sub.4-10 cycloalkynyl, aryl
and heterocycle, or said groups substituted with C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
C(O)OR.sup.12.dbd.O, halogen, CN, C(O)NR.sup.20R.sup.21,
C(O)R.sup.18 or OC(O)R.sup.18; [0035] (h) C(O)R.sup.18,
C(O)OR.sup.18, OC(O)R.sup.18, C(S)R.sup.18 and
C(O)N(R.sup.12).sub.2; [0036] (i) Substituents d) or e) substituted
with .dbd.O, CN, halogen, C(O)R.sup.18, C(O)NR.sup.20R.sup.21,
OC(O)R.sup.18, heterocycle, and heterocycle substituted with
C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl, C(O)OR.sup.12, .dbd.O, CN, halogen,
OC(O)R.sup.18 or C(O)NR.sup.20R.sup.21; [0037] (j) Substituents c)
substituted further with C.sub.1-18 alkyl; and (k) Substituents f)
or g) substituted further with C.sub.1-18 alkyl, .dbd.O,
NR.sup.20R.sup.21, CN, C.sub.1-18 alkoxy, heterocycle, C.sub.1-18
haloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl or halogen;
[0038] R.sup.20 and R.sup.21 are independently selected from
hydrogen, C.sub.1-18 alkyl, C.sub.2-18 alkenyl, C.sub.2-18 alkynyl,
aryl, heterocycle, C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 cycloalkenyl,
--C(.dbd.O)R.sup.12, and --C(.dbd.S)R.sup.12;
[0039] R.sup.25 and R.sup.26 are independently not present or are
selected from hydrogen, C.sub.1-18 alkyl, C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl,
aryl, heterocycle, where each is optionally independently
substituted with 1 to 4 of C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, halo,
CH.sub.2OH, benzyloxy, and OH;
[0040] R.sup.27 is selected from hydrogen, C.sub.1-18 alkyl,
C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl, (C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl)-C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
aryl, and arylC.sub.1-18 alkyl; and
[0041] salts, tautomers, polymorphs, isomers and solvates
thereof.
[0042] In a further embodiment of the invention the compounds of
the formulas of this invention are optionally combined with
pharmacologically acceptable excipients.
[0043] In a further embodiment of the invention the compounds of
the formulas of this invention are administered in therapeutically
effective amounts to subjects (humans or animals) in need of
antiviral therapy, in particular for inhibiting the infection,
growth or replication of Flaviviridae and Picornaviridae,
especially BVDV, HCV and Coxsackie virus.
[0044] The invention further relates to a method of screening
antiviral compounds which comprises providing a compound of formula
(A) and determining the antiviral activity of said compound.
[0045] Also within the scope of the invention is a metabolite of
the compounds of the formulas of this invention made by the process
of administering a compound of formula (A) to a subject and
recovering the metabolite from the subject.
[0046] The invention also comprises a method for structure-activity
determination of analogues of compounds of WO 04/005286 having the
general structure
##STR00003##
wherein
[0047] the R, X and Y groups are defined in WO 04/005286,
comprising
[0048] (A) preparing an analogue of a compound falling within the
scope of WO 2004/005286 wherein C.sub.7 is replaced by N; and
[0049] (B) determining the anti-HCV activity of the compound of
step (A).
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Definitions
[0050] "Alkyl" means saturated hydrocarbon moiety where the moiety
may be acyclic, cyclic or a combination of acyclic and cyclic
portions. The acyclic portion may contain 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and
each ring may contain 3 to 6 carbon atoms (for example,
3-methylcyclohexyl). Within this definition, the term "cycloalkyl"
refers to the saturated hydrocarbon moieties that are cyclic.
Examples of "alkyl" include methyl, ethyl, 1-propyl, 2-propyl,
1-butyl, 2-methyl-1-propyl(1-Bu), 2-butyl (s-Bu) 2-methyl-2-propyl
(t-Bu), 1-pentyl (n-pentyl), 2-pentyl, 3-pentyl, 2-methyl-2-butyl,
3-methyl-2-butyl, 3-methyl-1-butyl, 2-methyl-1-butyl, 1-hexyl,
2-hexyl, 3-hexyl, 2-methyl-2-pentyl, 3-methyl-2-pentyl,
4-methyl-2-pentyl, 3-methyl-3-pentyl, 2-methyl-3-pentyl,
2,3-dimethyl-2-butyl, 3,3-dimethyl-2-butyl, cyclopropyl,
cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl,
cyclopentyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl and the like, or a C.sub.7-10
polycyclic saturated hydrocarbon radical having from 7 to 10 carbon
atoms such as, for instance, norbornyl, fenchyl,
trimethyltricycloheptyl or adamantyl.
[0051] "Alkenyl" means a hydrocarbon moiety with at least one site
of double bond unsaturation where the moiety may be acyclic, cyclic
or a combination of acyclic and cyclic portions. The acyclic
portion may contain 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and each cyclic portion
may contain 3 to 6 carbon atoms. A site of double bond unsaturation
may be in a acyclic portion, a cyclic portion. In the instance of a
moiety having a combination of acyclic and cyclic portions, there
may be a site of double bond unsaturation in each of the portions.
Within this definition, the term "cycloalkenyl" refers to the
double bond unsaturated hydrocarbon moieties that are cyclic.
Examples the term "alkenyl" include, but are not limited to,
ethylene or vinyl (--CH.dbd.CH.sub.2), allyl
(--CH.sub.2CH.dbd.CH.sub.2), cyclopentenyl (--C.sub.5H.sub.7),
5-hexenyl (--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.dbd.CH.sub.2),
1-cyclopent-1-enyl, 1-cyclopent-2-enyl, 1-cyclopent-3-enyl,
1-cyclohex-1-enyl, 1-cyclohex-2-enyl, and 1-cyclohex-3-enyl. The
double bond optionally is in the cis or trans configuration.
[0052] "Alkynyl" means a hydrocarbon moiety with a least one site
of triple bond unsaturation where the moiety may be acyclic, cyclic
or a combination of acyclic and cyclic portions. The acyclic
portion may contain 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and each cyclic portion
may contain 7 or more carbon atoms. Within this definition, the
term "cycloalkynl" refers to triple bond unsaturated hydrocarbon
moieties that are cyclic. Examples of the term "alkynyl" include,
but are not limited to, --CCH, --CH.sub.2CCH,
--CH.sub.2CC-cyclohexyl, or --CH.sub.2-cycloheptynyl.
[0053] The suffix "-ene" used in connection with alkyl, alkenyl and
alkynyl groups refers to such groups with at least 2 sites of
substitution. Such polyvalent hydrocarbon radicals include, but are
not limited to, methylene (--CH.sub.2--) 1,2-ethylene
(--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--), 1,3-propylene
(--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--), 1,4-butylene
(--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--), 1,2-ethylene
(--CH.dbd.CH--), --CC--, propargyl (--CH.sub.2CC--), and 4-pentynyl
(--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CCH--). Optionally, alkylene, alkenylene
and alkynylene are substituted with O, S or N, generally meaning
that O, S or N replace a carbon atom and the valence appropriate
number of carbon substituents (generally 1 or 2H). N in this case
is generally R.sup.11.
[0054] "Aryl" means an aromatic hydrocarbon containing 1 or more
rings, generally 1, 2 or 3, with 4 to 6 carbon atoms in each,
ordinarily 5 or 6 carbon atoms.
[0055] "Arylalkyl," "arylalkenyl" and "arylalkynyl" means an alkyl,
alkenyl or alkynyl radical, respectively, in which one of the
hydrogen atoms, typically a terminal or sp3 carbon atom, is
replaced with an aryl radical. Typical arylalkyl groups include,
but are not limited to, benzyl, 2-phenylethan-1-yl,
2-phenylethen-1-yl, naphthylmethyl, 2-naphthylethan-1-yl,
2-naphthylethen-1-yl, naphthobenzyl, 2-naphthophenylethan-1-yl and
the like.
[0056] As noted, carbocycles optionally are found as single rings
or multiple ring systems. Ordinarily the hydrocarbons of the
compounds of the formulas of this invention are single rings.
Monocyclic carbocycles generally have 3 to 6 ring atoms, still more
typically 5 or 6 ring atoms. Bicyclic carbocycles typically have 7
to 12 ring atoms, e.g. arranged as a bicyclo [4,5], [5,5], [5,6] or
[6,6] system, or 9 or 10 ring atoms arranged as a bicyclo [5,6] or
[6,6] system.
[0057] If the number of carbon atoms is unspecified for a
hydrocarbon, typically the number of carbon atoms will range from 1
to 18, except that the number of carbons typically will range from
2 to 18 for unsaturated hydrocarbons and from 6 to 10 for aryl.
[0058] "Heterocycle" or "heterocycle" means any 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9
membered single or fused ring system containing one or more
heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of O, N or S.
Heterocycles optionally are entirely aromatic, entirely saturated,
or contain 1 or more intra-ring sites of unsaturation, typically
double bonds. Multiple heterocyclic rings (one or more of which
contains a heteroatom) are bridged or spiro. Generally, the
heterocyclic rings will be aromatic, and usually they are single
rings. Examples of heterocycles include oxazacyloalkyl,
morpholinyl, dioxacycloalkyl, thiacycloalkenyl, pyridyl,
dihydroypyridyl, tetrahydropyridyl (piperidyl), thiazolyl,
tetrahydrothiophenyl, furanyl, thienyl, pyrrolyl, pyranyl,
pyrazolyl, pyrazolidinyl, pyrazolinyl, imidazolyl, tetrazolyl,
benzofuranyl, thianaphthalenyl, indolyl, indolenyl, quinolinyl,
isoquinolinyl, benzimidazolyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl,
pyrrolidinyl, 2-pyrrolidonyl, pyrrolinyl, tetrahydrofuranyl,
bis-tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydropyranyl, bis-tetrahydropyranyl,
tetrahydroquinolinyl, tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, decahydroquinolinyl,
octahydroisoquinolinyl, azocinyl, triazinyl, 6H-1,2,5-thiadiazinyl,
2H,6H-1,5,2-dithiazinyl, thianthrenyl, pyranyl, isobenzofuranyl,
chromenyl, xanthenyl, phenoxathinyl, 2H-pyrrolyl, isothiazolyl,
isothiazoledinyl, isoxazolyl, oxazolinyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl,
pyrimidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, pyrrolinyl, indolizinyl, isoindolyl,
3H-indolyl, 1H-indazoly, purinyl, 4H-quinolizinyl, isoquinolyl,
quinolyl, phthalazinyl, naphthyridinyl, quinoxalinyl, quinazolinyl,
cinnolinyl, pteridinyl, 4aH-carbazolyl, carbazolyl,
.beta.-carbolinyl, phenanthridinyl, acridinyl, pyrimidinyl,
phenanthrolinyl, phenazinyl, phenothiazinyl, furazanyl,
phenoxazinyl, isochromanyl, chromanyl, imhnidazolidinyl,
imidazolinyl, pyrazolidinyl, pyrazolinyl, piperazinyl, indolinyl,
isoindolinyl, quinuclidinyl, oxazolidinyl, benzotriazolyl,
benzisoxazolyl, oxindolyl, benzoxazolinyl, benzothienyl,
benzothiazolyl and isatinoyl. Other suitable heterocycles are
exemplified in Rigaudy et. al., Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry,
Sections A-H (1979) at pp. 53-76 and Fletcher et. al., Nomenclature
of Organic Compounds, Adv. Chem. Ser. 126 (1974) at pp 49-64.
[0059] The location on the heterocycle which provides the point of
attachment(s) to the rest of the compound of this invention is not
critical, but those skilled in the art will recognize substitution
sites that are optimal for compound stability and/or ease of
synthesis. Carbon bonded heterocycles typically are bonded at
position 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 of a pyridine, position 3, 4, 5, or 6 of
a pyridazine, position 2, 4, 5, or 6 of a pyrimidine, position 2,
3, 5, or 6 of a pyrazine, position 2, 3, 4, or 5 of a furan,
tetrahydrofuran, thiofuran, thiophene, pyrrole or
tetrahydropyrrole, position 2, 4, or 5 of an oxazole, imidazole or
thiazole, position 3, 4, or 5 of an isoxazole, pyrazole, or
isothiazole, position 2 or 3 of an aziridine, position 2, 3, or 4
of an azetidine, position 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 of a quinoline or
position 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 of an isoquinoline. Still more
typically, carbon bonded heterocycles include 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl,
4-pyridyl, 5-pyridyl, 6-pyridyl, 3-pyridazinyl, 4-pyridazinyl,
5-pyridazinyl, 6-pyridazinyl, 2-pyrimidinyl, 4-pyrimidinyl,
5-pyrimidinyl, 6-pyrimidinyl, 2-pyrazinyl, 3-pyrazinyl,
5-pyrazinyl, 6-pyrazinyl, 2-thiazolyl, 4-thiazolyl, or
5-thiazolyl.
[0060] Nitrogen containing heterocycles are bonded at nitrogen or a
carbon, typically a carbon atom. These include, for example,
position 1 of aziridine, 1-aziridyl, 1-azetedyl, 1-pyrrolyl,
1-imidazolyl, 1-pyrazolyl, 1-piperidinyl, 2-pyrroline, 3-pyrroline,
2-imidazoline, 3-imidazoline, 9-carbazole, 4-morpholine, 9-alpha or
.beta.-carboline, 2-isoindole, 2-pyrazoline and 3-pyrazoline, and
by analogy, azetidine, pyrrole, pyrrolidine piperidine, piperazine,
indole, pyrazoline, indoline, imidazole, imidazolidine, 1H-indazole
and isoindoline. These and other N-containing heterocycles are
well-known to those skilled in the art, and their linkage sites are
a matter of discretion.
[0061] Sulfur containing heterocycles are bonded through carbon or
sulfur. They include oxidized states such as --S(.dbd.O)(.dbd.O).
In general, they are linked in the compounds of the formulas of
this invention analogous to N-containing heterocycles.
[0062] "Alkoxy", "cycloalkoxy", "aryloxy", "arylalkyloxy", "oxy
heterocycle", "thioalkyl", "thiocycloalkyl", "arylthio", and
"arylalkylthio" means substituents wherein an alkyl, cycloalkyl,
aryl, or arylalkyl, respectively, are attached to an oxygen atom or
a sulfur atom through a single bond, such as but not limited to
methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, butoxy, thioethyl, thiomethyl, phenyloxy,
benzyloxy, mercaptobenzyl and the like.
[0063] "Halogen" means any atom selected from the group consisting
of fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine.
[0064] Any substituent designation that is found in more than one
site in a compound of this invention shall be independently
selected.
[0065] When a group is stated to be substituted with "one or more"
of another group, this typically means 1 to 3 substituents,
ordinarily 1, 2 or 3 substitutents.
[0066] Those of skill in the art will also recognize that the
compounds of the invention may exist in many different protonation
states, depending on, among other things, the pH of their
environment. While the structural formulae provided herein depict
the compounds in only one of several possible protonation states,
it will be understood that these structures are illustrative only,
and that the invention is not limited to any particular protonation
state--any and all protonated forms of the compounds are intended
to fall within the scope of the invention.
Amino Acids
[0067] "Amino-acid" refers to a radical derived from a molecule
having the chemical formula H.sub.2N--CHR.sup.28--COOH, wherein
R.sup.28 is a side group of a naturally-occurring or known
synthetic amino-acid. The amino acids optionally are substituted
with hydrocarbon typically of 1 to 8 carbons at one or more
carboxyl or amino groups, whether those groups are on the side
chain or are free after linking the amino acid to the remainder of
the compound of this invention.
[0068] Optionally the amino acid residue is a hydrophobic residue
such as mono- or di-alkyl or aryl amino acids, cycloalkylamino
acids and the like. Optionally, the residue does not contain a
sulfhydryl or guanidino substituent.
[0069] Naturally-occurring amino acid residues are those residues
found naturally in plants, animals or microbes, especially proteins
thereof. Polypeptides most typically will be substantially composed
of such naturally-occurring amino acid residues. These amino acids
are glycine, alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, serine,
threonine, cysteine, methionine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid,
lysine, hydroxylysine, arginine, histidine, phenylalanine,
tyrosine, tryptophan, proline, asparagine, glutamine and
hydroxyproline. Additionally, unnatural amino acids, for example,
valanine, phenylglycine and homoarginine are also included.
[0070] Generally, only one of any site in the parental molecule is
substituted with an amino acid, although it is within the scope of
this invention to introduce amino acids at more than one permitted
site. In general, the alpha-amino or alpha-carboxyl group of the
amino acid are bonded to the remainder of the molecule, i.e.,
carboxyl or amino groups in the amino acid side chains generally
are not used to form amide bonds with the parental compound
(although these groups may need to be protected during synthesis of
the conjugates).
[0071] The amino acid esters optionally are hydrolyzable in vivo or
in vitro under acidic (pH<3) or basic (pH>10) conditions.
Optionally, they are substantially stable in the gastrointestinal
tract of humans but are hydrolyzed enzymatically in blood or in
intracellular environments.
[0072] R.sup.28 usually is C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl or C.sub.1-C.sub.6
alkyl substituted with amino, carboxyl, amide, carboxyl (as well as
esters, as noted above), hydroxyl, C.sub.6-C.sub.7 aryl,
guanidinyl, imidazolyl, indolyl, sulfhydryl, sulfoxide, and/or
alkylphosphate. R.sup.28 also is taken together with the amino acid
alpha nitrogen to form a proline residue. However, R.sup.28 is
generally the side group of the naturally-occurring amino acid
disclosed above, for example H, --CH.sub.3, --CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2,
--CH.sub.2--CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2, --CHCH.sub.3--CH.sub.2--CH.sub.3,
--CH.sub.2--C.sub.6H.sub.5, --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--S--CH.sub.3,
--Cl.sub.2OH, --CH(OH)--CH.sub.3--CH.sub.2--SH,
--CH.sub.2--C.sub.6H.sub.4OH, --CH.sub.2--CO--NH,
--CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2--CO--NH.sub.2, --CH.sub.2--COOH,
--C.sub.1-2--CH.sub.2--COOH, --(CH.sub.2).sub.4--NH.sub.2 and
--(CH2).sub.3--NH--C(NH.sub.2)--NH.sub.2. R.sup.28 also includes
1-guanidinoprop-3-yl, benzyl, 4-hydroxybenzyl, imidazol-4-yl,
indol-3-yl, methoxyphenyl and ethoxyphenyl.
Subgeneric Embodiments
[0073] R.sup.1 is generally aryl or aromatic heterocyle (usually
containing 1 or 2 O, S or N atoms, typically O or S) substituted
with 1, 2 or 3 R.sup.6 wherein R.sup.6 usually is halogen,
C.sub.1-18 alkoxy; or C.sub.1-18 haloalkyl. Typically, R.sup.1 is 6
to 10 C carbocycle having 1 or 2 rings (most ordinarily phenyl)
substituted with 1, 2 or 3 halogens, usually fluoro.
[0074] Y generally is a single bond, O, C.sub.1-6 alkylene,
C.sub.2-6 alkenylene, C.sub.2-16 alkynylene or one of said groups
containing 1 to 3, usually 1, heteroatoms selected from O, S or
NR.sup.11. Examples include --O(CH.sub.2).sub.1-5--,
--(CH).sub.1-4--O--(CH.sub.2).sub.1-4--, --S--(CH.sub.2).sub.1-5--,
--(CH.sub.2).sub.1-4--S--(CH.sub.2).sub.1-4--,
--NR.sup.11--(CH.sub.2).sub.1-5--,
--(CH.sub.2).sub.1--NR.sup.11--(CH.sub.2).sub.1-4 or C.sub.3-10
cycloalkylidene. Typically, Y is --OCH.sub.2--, --CH.sub.2O--,
C.sub.1-2 alkylene, C.sub.2-3 alkenylene, C.sub.2-3 alkynylene, O
or a bond, but usually a bond.
[0075] In general, YR.sup.1 is not any one of H, an unsubstituted
C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl or C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl. Typically YR.sup.1
is halo or halomethyl-substituted (typically trihalomethyl)phenyl
(and usually 1 to 2 substituents in ortho or meta).
[0076] X usually is alkylene, alkynylene or alkenylene, typically
alkylene, or said hydrocarbons having an intrachain heteroatom,
typically O or S. Examples include --CH.sub.2--, --CH(CH.sub.3)--,
--CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2--, --CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2--,
--CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2,
--(CH.sub.2).sub.2-4--O--(CH.sub.2).sub.2-4--,
--(CH.sub.2).sub.2-4, --S--(CH.sub.2).sub.2-4--,
--(CH.sub.2).sub.2-4--NR.sup.10--(CH.sub.2).sub.2-4--, C.sub.3-10
cycloalkylidene, C.sub.2-6 alkenylene (such as
--CH.dbd.CH--CH.sub.2--) and C.sub.2-6 alkynylene. Usually, X is
methylene.
[0077] R.sup.3 generally is aryl or a heterocycle, typically an
aromatic heterocycle. The heterocycle generally will contain 1, 2
or 3 N, S or O atoms in the ring, usually is linked to X through a
ring carbon atom and typically contains 4 to 6, usually 5, total
ring atoms. The R.sup.3 aryl or heterocycle ordinarily is
substituted with 1, 2 or 3, usually 1, R.sup.17. R.sup.3 optionally
is not indolyl.
[0078] When R.sup.3 is substituted with R.sup.17 then R.sup.17
typically is aryl or a heterocycle further substituted with 1 or
more, usually 1, 2 or 3, R.sup.19.
[0079] R.sup.17 is M-Q in some embodiments of the invention. M is a
ring. This means any cyclic organic structure, whether carbocyclic
or heterocycle, and whether saturated, unsaturated or aromatic or
single or fused ring systems. M is chosen from rings that are
structurally stable in biological systems. In general, M is a aryl
or aromatic heterocycle where heterocycle is defined above.
[0080] Q is a spacer group or bond, and is not critical. Typically
it is not cyclic and contains from 0 to 6 atoms, generally H, C,
NR.sup.11, O or S, usually C, H and O. A typical embodiment is
alkyl having 1 to 6 carbons, normal or secondary, optionally with O
or NR.sup.11 replacing 1 methylene group. Generally Q is 1 to 6
atoms, usually 1 to 3. Q typically is not substituted with
R.sup.19, but if it is then typically it is substituted with one
R.sup.19. R.sup.19 as substituted on Q usually is alkoxy, halogen,
nitro or cyano.
[0081] R.sup.17 typically is selected from the group consisting of
C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl, C.sub.3-10 cycloalkenyl, C.sub.7-10
cycloalkynyl, halogen, aryl, aryloxy, arylthio, arylsulfoxide,
arylsulfone, arylsulfonamide, arylalkyl; arylalkyloxy (optionally
an benzyloxy); arylalkylthio (optionally a benzylthio); a
heterocycle; C.sub.1-18 hydroxyalkyl, but typically is an aryl or a
heterocycle, and where each of said aryl, aryloxy, arylthio,
arylsulfoxide, arylsulfone, arylsulfonamide, arylalkyl,
arylalkyloxy, arylalkylthio, or heterocycle is optionally
substituted with 1 or more R.sup.19. R.sup.17 generally is
positioned distally to X. Optionally, R.sup.17 is not
C(O)R.sup.18.
[0082] R.sup.9 and R.sup.18 typically are H, OH or alkyl. R.sup.18
optionally is not NR.sup.15R.sup.16.
[0083] R.sup.5 typically is not present.
[0084] R.sup.6 generally is halogen. Optionally, R.sup.6 is not
C(O)R.sup.18.
[0085] R.sup.7, R.sup.8, R.sup.10, R.sup.11, R.sup.13, R.sup.14,
R.sup.15, R.sup.16, R.sup.20, R.sup.21, R.sup.23 and R.sup.24
typically are independently H or C.sub.1-18 alkyl.
[0086] R.sup.12 and R.sup.22 typically are independently OH or
alkyl.
[0087] R.sup.19 usually is H; C.sub.1-18 alkyl; C.sub.2-18 alkenyl;
C.sub.2-18 alkynyl; C.sub.1-18 alkoxy; alkenyloxy; alkynyloxy;
C.sub.1-18 alkylthio; C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl; C.sub.4-10
cycloalkenyl, C.sub.4-10 cycloalkynyl; halogen; OH; CN; cyanoalkyl;
NO.sub.2; NR.sup.20R.sup.21; haloalkyl; haloalkyloxy;
C(.dbd.O)R.sup.18; C(.dbd.O)OR.sup.18; OalkenylC(.dbd.O)OR.sup.18;
-OalkylC(.dbd.O)NR.sup.20R.sup.21; aryl; heterocycle;
-OalkylOC(.dbd.O)R.sup.18; C(.dbd.O)N(C.sub.1-4 alkyl),
N(H)S(O)(O)(C.sub.1-6 alkyl); arylalkyloxy; aryloxy; arylalkyloxy;
and arylalkyl; each of which is unsubstituted or substituted with 1
or more .dbd.O; NR.sup.20R.sup.21; CN; alkoxy; heterocycle;
haloalkyl- or alkyl-substituted heterocycle; heterocycle linked to
R.sup.17 by alkyl; alkoxyalkoxy or halogen. R.sup.18 as a
subtituent in R.sup.19 is generally not H. R.sup.19 typically is
independently halogen, N(R.sup.20R.sup.21), unsubstituted or
heterocycle (O-containing)-substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.18 alkyl or
alkynyl where methylene is substituted with 1-3 oxygen atoms, or is
halo-substituted alkyl or alkoxy.
[0088] R.sup.25 and R.sup.26 usually are not present but, if they
are, then typically they are cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl. If the
compound is substituted at R.sup.21 or R.sup.26, either R.sup.2 or
R.sup.4 is selected from .dbd.O, .dbd.S, and .dbd.NR.sup.27,
usually .dbd.O.
[0089] M typically is an aromatic ring, usually single or two fused
rings, and containing 4 to 10 atoms. Usually, M is hydrocarbon, but
also optionally comprises 1 to 3 N, O and/or S heteroatoms.
[0090] Substituents optionally are designated with or without
bonds. Regardless of bond indications, if a substituent is
polyvalent (based on its position in the structure referred to),
then any and all possible orientations of the substituent are
intended.
[0091] Haloalkyl or haloalkyloxy typically are --CF.sub.3 or
--OCF.sub.3.
[0092] In certain embodiments of the compound of formula (A) (a)
YR.sup.1 is not H; (b) R.sup.2 is not OH, SH, .dbd.O or .dbd.S; (c)
R.sup.4 is not .dbd.O or .dbd.S; (d) YR.sup.1 contains at least one
aryl; (e) X is CH.sub.2; (f) R.sup.3 contains at least one aryl;
(g) if Y is a bond and R.sup.1 is an aryl, this aryl is not phenyl
substituted with OH and optionally substituted with methyl,
methoxy, nitro, dimethylamino, Cl, Br, or F; (h) if Y is a bond and
R.sup.1 is aryl which is para substituted with OH and optionally
further substituted with methyl, methoxy, nitro, diethylamino, Cl,
Br or F and X is an alkylene, then R.sup.3 is not a heterocycle
containing N; (i) if Y is a bond or (CH.sub.2).sub.1-6, R.sup.1 is
H, X is CH.sub.2 and R.sup.3 is phenyl with 1R.sup.17, wherein
R.sup.17 is C(.dbd.O)R.sup.18, then R.sup.18 is selected from H;
OH; C.sub.1-18 alkyl; C.sub.2-18 alkenyl; C.sub.1-18 alkoxy;
NR.sup.15R.sup.16; aryl, or an amino acid residue linked through an
amino group thereof; (j) R.sup.18 is not a C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl or
C.sub.4-10 cycloalkenyl; (k) if Y is a bond or (CH.sub.2).sub.1-6,
then R.sup.1 is an aryl unsubstituted or substituted with one or
more R.sup.6, heterocycle unsubstituted or substituted with one or
more R.sup.6, C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl unsubstituted or substituted
with one or more R.sup.6 and C.sub.4-10 cycloalkenyl unsubstituted
or substituted with one or more R.sup.6; (l) --YR.sup.1 is not H or
C.sub.1-6 alkyl; (m) if Y is a bond or (CH.sub.2).sub.1-6, R.sup.1
is H, and R.sup.3 is a 5 membered heterocycle with one R.sup.17,
wherein R.sup.17 is C(.dbd.O)R.sup.18 and R.sup.18 is
NR.sup.15R.sup.16, then R.sup.15 and R.sup.16 are not a C.sub.1-18
alkyl or a cycloalkyl; (n) if Y is a bond or (C.sub.2).sub.1-6, and
R.sup.1 is H, and R.sup.3 is a 5 membered heterocycle with one
R.sup.17, wherein R.sup.17 is C(.dbd.O)R.sup.18 then R.sup.18 is
selected from H; OH; C.sub.1-18 alkyl; C.sub.2-18 alkenyl;
C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl; C.sub.4-10 cycloalkenyl; C.sub.1-18 alkoxy;
aryl or an amino acid residue linked through an amino group
thereof; (O)R.sup.18 is not NR.sup.15R.sup.16; (p) if Y is a bond
or (CH.sub.2).sub.1-6, R.sup.1 is H, X is --CH-- and R.sup.3 is
phenyl substituted with one R.sup.17, then R.sup.17 is
independently selected from the group hydrogen; C.sub.1-18 alkyl;
C.sub.2-18 alkenyl; C.sub.2-18 alkynyl; C.sub.1-18 alkoxy;
C.sub.1-18 alkylthio; C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl, C.sub.3-10
cycloalkenyl or C.sub.3-10 cycloalkynyl; halogen; OH; CN; NO.sub.2;
NR.sup.7R.sup.8; OCF.sub.3; haloalkyl; C(.dbd.S)R.sup.18; SH; aryl;
aryloxy; arylthio; arylalkyl; arylalkyloxy (optionally a
oxybenzyl); arylalkylthio (optionally a benzylthio); 5 or 6
membered heterocycle, oxyheterocycle or thioheterocycle; C.sub.1-18
hydroxyalkyl; and each of said aryl, aryloxy, arylthio, arylalkyl,
arylalkyloxy (optionally a oxybenzyl), arylalkylthio (optionally a
benzylthio), 5 or 6 membered heterocycle, oxyheterocycle or
thioheterocycle, C.sub.1-18 hydroxyalkyl is optionally substituted
with 1 or more R.sup.19; (q) R.sup.17 is not (C.dbd.O)R.sup.18; (r)
if Y is a bond or (CH.sub.2).sub.1-6, and R.sup.1 is H, and R.sup.3
is a 5 membered heterocycle with one R.sup.17, wherein R.sup.17 is
C(.dbd.O)R.sup.18, then R.sup.18 is selected from H; OH; C.sub.1-18
alkyl; aryl, NR.sup.15R.sup.16; (s) R.sup.18 is not C.sub.1-18
alkoxy; (t) if Y is a bond or (CH.sub.2).sub.1-6, and R.sup.1 is H,
and R.sup.3 is a 5 membered heterocycle with one R.sup.17, wherein
R.sup.17 is C(.dbd.O)R.sup.18, then R.sup.18 is selected from OH;
C.sub.1-18 alkyl; C.sub.1-18 alkoxy; aryl, or NR.sup.15R.sup.16;
(t) R.sup.18 is not H; (u) if Y is a bond, R.sup.1 is hydrogen, X
is an alkyl and R.sup.3 is an aryl thio substituted with 3
R.sup.17, and 1 R.sup.17 is OH in para, then the remaining R.sup.17
are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen;
C.sub.2-18 alkenyl; C.sub.2-18 alkynyl; C.sub.1-18, alkoxy;
C.sub.1-18 alkylthio; C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl, C.sub.3-10
cycloalkenyl or C.sub.3-10 cycloalkynyl; halogen; OH; CN; NO
NR.sup.7R.sup.8; OCF.sub.3; haloalkyl; C(.dbd.O)R.sup.9;
C(.dbd.S)R.sup.9; SH; aryl; aryloxy; arylthio; arylalkyl;
arylalkyloxy (optionally a oxybenzyl); arylalkylthio (optionally a
benzylthio); 5 or 6 membered heterocycle, oxyheterocycle or
thioheterocycle; C.sub.1-18 hydroxyalkyl; and each of said aryl,
aryloxy, arylthio, arylalkyl, arylalkyloxy (optionally a
oxybenzyl), arylalkylthio (optionally a benzylthio), 5 or 6
membered heterocycle, oxyheterocycle or thioheterocycle, C.sub.1-18
hydroxyalkyl is optionally substituted with 1 or more R.sup.19; (v)
R.sup.17 is not a Cl.sub.1-18 alkyl; (w1) if Y is a bond, R.sup.1
is a hydrogen, X is --(CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2)--, then R.sup.3 is
selected from aryl; aryloxy; aryl-NR.sup.10--; 5 or 6 membered
heterocycle, oxyheterocycle or thioheterocycle; and each of said
aryl, aryloxy, aryl-NR.sup.10--, 5 or 6 membered heterocycle,
oxyheterocycle or thioheterocycle is optionally substituted with
one or more R.sup.1; C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl, oxycycloalkyl or
thiocycloalkyl; C.sub.4-10 cycloalkenyl with the proviso that the
double bond cannot be adjacent to a nitrogen; H with the proviso
that if X is an alkylene, an alkenylene or an alkynylene, then X
comprises at least 5 carbon atoms; (w2) R.sup.3 is not an arylthio;
(x) if X is --(CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2)--S, R.sup.3 is not an aryl; (y)
if Y is a bond, R.sup.1 is H, X is an alkylene and R.sup.3 is
phenoxy, R.sup.17 is independently selected from the group
hydrogen; C.sub.1-18 alkyl; C.sub.1-18 alkenyl; C.sub.1-18 alkynyl;
C.sub.1-18 alkoxy; C.sub.1-18 alkylthio; C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl,
C.sub.3-10 cycloalkenyl or C.sub.3-10 cycloalkynyl; halogen; OH;
CN; NO.sub.2; NR.sup.7R.sup.8; OCF.sub.3; haloalkyl;
C(.dbd.O)R.sup.9; C(.dbd.S)R.sup.9; SH; aryl; arylthio; arylalkyl
(except benzyl); arylalkyloxy (except oxybenzyl); arylalkylthio
(optionally a benzylthio); 5 or 6 membered heterocycle,
oxyheterocycle or thioheterocycle; C.sub.1-18 hydroxyalkyl; and
each of said aryl, aryloxy, arylthio, arylalkyl, arylalkyloxy
(optionally a oxybenzyl), arylalkylthio (optionally a benzylthio),
5 or 6 membered heterocycle, oxyheterocycle or thioheterocycle or
C.sub.1-18 hydroxyalkyl is optionally substituted with 1 or more
R.sup.19; (z) if R.sup.3 is phenoxy, R.sup.17 is not benzyl,
phenoxy or oxybenzyl; (aa) if XR.sup.3 is fluorobenzyl, R.sup.2,
R.sup.3, R.sup.4 are R.sup.1.dbd.H and Y is NR.sup.11, R.sup.11 is
selected from H; C.sub.1-18 alkyl; C.sub.1-18 alkenyl; C.sub.3-10
cycloalkyl; C.sub.4-10 cycloalkenyl; aryl; 5-6 membered heterocycle
or an amino acid residue linked through a carboxyl group thereof;
(bb) R.sup.11 is not methyl or C(.dbd.O)R.sup.12; (cc) if X is
CH.sub.2 and R.sup.3 is a phenyl substituted in para with Cl, and Y
is CH.sub.2, then R.sup.1 is not piperazinyl; (dd) if X is CH.sub.2
and R.sup.3 is a phenyl substituted in para with Cl, and Y is
CH.sub.2, then R.sup.1 heterocycle is aromatic; (ee) if R.sup.5 is
an aryl, aryloxy or benzyl group, R.sup.1 is not H or C.sub.3-10
alkyl; (ff) if R.sup.1 is H or C.sub.3-10 alkyl, then R.sup.5 is
absent or is selected from hydrogen, C.sub.1-18 alkyl; C.sub.2-18
alkenyl; C.sub.2-18 alkynyl; C.sub.1-18 alkoxy; C.sub.1-18
alkylthio; halogen; OH; CN; NO.sub.2; NR.sup.7R.sup.8; OCF.sub.3;
haloalkyl; C(.dbd.O)R.sup.9; C(.dbd.S)R.sup.9; SH; arylthio;
arylalkyl (except benzyl); C.sub.1-18 hydroxyalkyl; C.sub.3-10
cycloalkyl; C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyloxy; C.sub.3-10 cycloalkylthio
C.sub.3-10 cycloalkenyl; C.sub.3-10 cycloalkynyl; 5 or 6 membered
heterocycle, oxyheterocycle or thioheterocycle; (gg) R.sup.5 is not
aryl, aryloxy or benzyl; (hh) YR.sup.1 is not hydrogen,
unsubstituted C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl, or C.sub.1-6 alkyl; (ii)
YR.sup.1 is not phenyl para substituted with OH; (jj) if R.sup.1 is
not H, Y is not NR.sup.11 with R.sup.11 is C.sub.1-6 alkyl or
methyl; (kk) YR.sup.1 is not monomethylamino; (ll) if R.sup.1 is a
phenyl substituted with one R.sup.6, then R.sup.6 is
C(.dbd.O)R.sup.18 and R.sup.18 is t-butoxy; (mm) R.sup.1 is not
piperidinyl and is not piperazinyl substituted with methyl; (nn)
YR.sup.1 is not one of the substituents designated R.sup.13 in
column 5, lines 22-38 of U.S. Pat. No. 5,486,525 or its family
members; (oo) R.sup.2 and/or R.sup.5 are none of the substituents
collectively designated R.sup.14 and R.sup.15 in column 5, lines
38-53 of U.S. Pat. No. 5,486,525 or its family members; (pp)
XR.sup.3 is not the substructure
--(CH.sub.2)n-Het-C(O)--N(R.sup.1)(R.sup.2) using the group
designations set forth on column 1, line 41 to column 2 line 24 of
U.S. Pat. No. 4,990,518 and the comparable disclosure in any member
of the patent family of U.S. Pat. No. 4,990,518; (qq) XR.sup.3 is
not the substructure --(CH.sub.2)n--Y--C(O)--N(R.sup.1)(R.sup.2)
using the group designations set forth on column 1, line 49 to
column 2 line 38 of U.S. Pat. No. 5,302,601 and the comparable
disclosure in any member of the patent is family of U.S. Pat. No.
5,302,601; (rr) R.sup.2 and R.sup.4 are not both .dbd.O or .dbd.S;
and/or (alone or in any combination) (ss) R.sup.5 contains none of
the substituents designated as <<Ar >> in WO 00/39127
(incorporated expressly herein by reference), in particular aryl,
aryl phenoxy, or benzyl; (tt) YR.sup.1 optionally is not a
non-aromatic heterocyclic ring containing 5 or 6 total ring atoms
and 1 or 2 N atoms; (uu) YR.sup.1 optionally is not a non-aromatic
heterocyclic ring containing 1 or 2 N atoms wherein one of the N
atoms is linked to the imidazole ring; (vv) YR.sup.1 optionally is
not a 5-membered non-aromatic heterocyclic ring which contains 1 N
atom and is substituted with amino; (ww) R.sup.26 optionally is not
normal or secondary alkyl, or benzyl.
[0093] The exclusions or embodiments herein are not to be
interpreted as teaching or suggesting any preferability or lack
thereof for any use of the compounds herein, but instead are merely
subgeneric designations.
[0094] Optionally, the compounds of this invention also exclude all
methylene homologues of heretofore known compounds.
[0095] According to a particular aspect, the present invention
relates to compounds of the formula (A) wherein R.sup.1 is a phenyl
optionally substituted with a benzyloxy, and wherein R.sup.19 at
meta is phenyl optionally substituted with a halogen, (particularly
chloro) in para, and R.sup.19 at ortho is H, nitro, amino, mono- or
di(C.sub.1-6 alkyl)-substituted amino, NHC(O)(C.sub.1-6 alkyl);
methoxysulfonamide or C(O)R.sup.22, wherein R.sup.22 is
NR.sup.23R.sup.24 as defined below. Optionally R.sup.23 and
R.sup.24 are C.sub.1-6 alkyl taken together to form a
hydroxy-substituted 6-membered saturated N-heterocycle.
[0096] An embodiment of the present invention relates to compounds
of formula (A) of this invention, pharmaceutically acceptable
compositions, salts, tautomers, and isomers thereof and their
antiviral uses, wherein:
[0097] U is N;
[0098] R.sup.1 is selected from phenyl substituted with 0-3
R.sup.6; 5 or 6 membered heterocycle containing 1-3 heteroatoms
selected from the group O, N, and S, substituted with 0-2 R.sup.6;
1-naphthyl substituted with 0-3 R.sup.6; 2-naphthyl substituted
with 0-3 R.sup.6; C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl; C.sub.4-10
cycloalkenyl;
[0099] R.sup.2, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are independently selected from
hydrogen; straight or branched C.sub.1-6 alkoxy; straight or
branched C.sub.1-6 alkyl; F; Cl; Br; I; OH; CN; NO.sub.2;
NR.sup.7R.sup.8; OCF.sub.3; CF.sub.3; C(.dbd.O)R.sup.9; phenyl;
phenoxy; benzyl; hydroxymethyl, or in the case of R.sup.5
optionally is unsubstituted;
[0100] X is selected from the group --CH.sub.2--; --CH(CH.sub.3)--;
--CH.sub.2--CH.sub.1--CH.sub.2--; --OCH.sub.2--CH.sub.2--;
--CH.dbd.CH--CH.sub.2--;
[0101] R.sup.3 is selected from phenyl substituted with 0-3
R.sup.17; (benzoannellated) 5 or 6 membered aromatic heterocycle
containing 1-3 heteroatoms selected from the group O, N, and S,
substituted with 0-2 R.sup.7; 1-naphthyl substituted with 0-3
R.sup.17; 2-naphthyl substituted with 0-3 R.sup.17; C.sub.3-7
cycloalkyl; C.sub.4-7 cycloalkenyl with the proviso that the double
bond cannot be adjacent to a nitrogen;
[0102] R.sup.6 and R.sup.17 are independently selected from the
group H; straight or branched C.sub.1-6 alkoxy; straight or
branched C.sub.1-6 alkyl; F; Cl; Br; I; OH; CN; NO.sub.2;
NR.sup.13R.sup.14; OCF.sub.3; CF.sub.3; C(.dbd.O)R.sup.18; phenyl;
phenoxy; benzyl; hydroxymethyl;
[0103] R.sup.7 and R.sup.8 are independently selected from H;
straight or branched C.sub.1-4 alkyl; phenyl; C(.dbd.O)R.sup.12
alternatively, R.sup.7 and R.sup.8, together with the nitrogen to
which they are attached, combine to form a 5-6 membered ring;
[0104] R.sup.9 and R.sup.18 are independently selected from H; OH;
straight or branched C.sub.1-6 alkyl; straight or branched
C.sub.1-6 alkoxy; NR.sup.15R.sup.16; phenyl;
[0105] R.sup.12 is selected from the group H; C.sub.1-6 straight or
branched alkyl; phenyl; R.sup.15 and R.sup.16 are independently
selected from the group H; C.sub.1-6 straight or branched alkyl;
phenyl; and
[0106] Y is a bond.
[0107] One embodiment of a second aspect of the present invention
relates to compounds according to the general formula (A),
pharmaceutically acceptable compositions, salts, tautomers,
polymorphs and isomers thereof, and their antiviral uses,
wherein:
[0108] U is N;
[0109] R.sup.1 is selected from hydrogen; aryl unsubstituted or
substituted with one or more R.sup.6, heterocycle unsubstituted or
substituted with one or more R.sup.6, C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl
unsubstituted or substituted with one or more R.sup.6 and
C.sub.4-10 cycloalkenyl unsubstituted or substituted with one or
more R.sup.6;
[0110] Y is selected from the group consisting of a single bond, O;
S(O).sub.m (where m is an integer from 0 to 2); NR.sup.11; and a
divalent, saturated or unsaturated, substituted or unsubstituted
C.sub.1-C.sub.10 hydrocarbon group optionally including one or more
heteroatoms in the main chain, said heteroatoms being selected from
the groups consisting of O, S, and N; such as C.sub.1-6 alkylene,
C.sub.2-6 alkenylene, C.sub.2-6 alkynylene, --O(CH.sub.2).sub.1-5,
--(CH.sub.2).sub.1-4--O--(CH.sub.2).sub.1-4--,
--S--(CH.sub.2).sub.1-5--, --(CH.sub.2).sub.1-4,
--S--(CH.sub.2).sub.1-4--, --NR.sup.11--(CH.sub.2).sub.1-5--,
--(CH.sub.2).sub.1-4--NR.sup.11--(CH.sub.2).sub.1-4-- and
C.sub.3-10 cycloalkylidene;
[0111] Each R.sup.2 and R.sup.4 is independently selected from the
group consisting of hydrogen C.sub.1-18 alkyl; C.sub.2-18 alkenyl;
C.sub.2-18 alkynyl; C.sub.1-18 alkoxy; C.sub.1-18 alkylthio;
halogen; OH; CN; NO.sub.2; NR.sup.7R.sup.8; OCF.sub.3; haloalkyl;
C(.dbd.O)R.sup.9; C(.dbd.S)R.sup.9; SH; aryl; aryloxy; arylthio;
arylalkyl; C.sub.1-18 hydroxyalkyl; C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl;
C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyloxy; C.sub.3-10 cycloalkylthio; C.sub.3-10
cycloalkenyl; C.sub.3-10 cycloalkynyl; 5 or 6 membered heterocycle,
oxyheterocycle or thioheterocycle;
[0112] X is selected from the group consisting of a divalent,
saturated or unsaturated, substituted or unsubstituted
C.sub.1-C.sub.10 hydrocarbon group optionally including one or more
heteroatoms in the main chain (provided that the heteroatom is not
linked to N of the nucleus), said heteroatoms being selected from
the group consisting of O, S, and N; such as C.sub.1-6 alkylene,
(for example --CH.sub.2--, --CH(CH.sub.3)--,
--CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2--, --CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2--,
--CH.sub.1--CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2),
--(CH.sub.2).sub.2-4--O--(CH.sub.2).sub.2-4--,
--(CH.sub.2).sub.2-4--S--(CH.sub.2).sub.2-4--,
--(CH.sub.2).sub.2-4--NR.sup.10--(CH.sub.2).sub.2-4--, C.sub.1-10
cycloalkylidene, C.sub.2, alkenylene (such as
--CH.dbd.CH--C.sub.2--), C.sub.2-6 alkynylene;
[0113] R.sup.3 is selected from the group consisting of aryl;
aryloxy; arylthio; aryl-NR.sup.10--; 5 or 6 membered heterocycle,
oxyheterocycle or thioheterocycle; and each of said aryl, aryloxy,
arylthio, aryl-NR.sup.10--, 5 or 6 membered heterocycle,
oxyheterocycle or thioheterocycle is optionally substituted with
one or more R.sup.17, C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl, oxycycloalkyl or
thiocycloalkyl; C.sub.4-10 cycloalkenyl with the proviso that the
double bond cannot be adjacent to a nitrogen; H with the proviso
that if X is an alkylene, an alkenylene or an alkynylene, then X
comprises at least 5 carbon atoms;
[0114] R.sup.5 is independently absent or selected from the group
consisting of hydrogen; C.sub.1-18 alkyl; C.sub.2-18 alkenyl;
C.sub.2-18 alkynyl; C.sub.1-18 alkoxy; C.sub.1-18 alkylthio;
halogen; OH; CN; NO.sub.2; NR.sup.7R.sup.8; OCF.sub.3; haloalkyl;
C(.dbd.O)R.sup.9; C(.dbd.S)R.sup.9; SH; aryl; aryloxy; arylthio;
arylalkyl; C.sub.1-18 hydroxyalkyl; C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl;
C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyloxy; C.sub.3-10 cycloalkylthio C.sub.3-10
cycloalkenyl; C.sub.3-40 cycloalkynyl; 5 or 6 membered heterocycle,
oxyheterocycle or thioheterocycle;
[0115] Each R.sup.6 and R.sup.17 is independently selected from the
group consisting of hydrogen; C.sub.1-18 alkyl; C.sub.2-18 alkenyl;
C.sub.2-18 alkynyl; C.sub.1-18 alkoxy; C.sub.1-18 alkylthio;
C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl, C.sub.3-10 cycloalkenyl or C.sub.3-10
cycloalkynyl; halogen; OH; CN; NO.sub.2; NR.sup.7R.sup.8;
OCF.sub.3; haloalkyl; C(.dbd.O)R.sup.9; C(.dbd.S)R.sup.9; SH; aryl;
aryloxy; arylthio; arylalkyl; arylalkyloxy (optionally a
oxybenzyl); arylalkylthio (optionally a benzylthio); 5 or 6
membered heterocycle, oxyheterocycle or thioheterocycle; C.sub.1-18
hydroxyalkyl; and each of said aryl, aryloxy, arylthio, arylalkyl,
arylalkyloxy (optionally a oxybenzyl), arylalkylthio (optionally a
benzylthio), 5 or 6 membered heterocycle, oxyheterocycle or
thioheterocycle, C.sub.1-18 hydroxyalkyl is optionally substituted
with 1 or more R.sup.19.
[0116] Each R.sup.7 and R.sup.8 is independently selected from the
group consisting of H;
[0117] C.sub.1-18 alkyl; C.sub.1-18 alkenyl; aryl; C.sub.3-10
cycloalkyl; C.sub.4-10 cycloalkenyl; 5-6 membered heterocycle;
C(.dbd.O)R.sup.12; C(.dbd.S)R.sup.12; an amino acid residue linked
through a carboxyl group thereof; alternatively, R.sup.7 and
R.sup.8, together with the nitrogen to which they are attached,
combine to form a 5-6 membered heterocycle;
[0118] Each R.sup.9 and R.sup.18 is independently selected from the
group consisting of H; OH; C.sub.1-18 alkyl; C.sub.2-18 alkenyl;
C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl; C.sub.4-10 cycloalkenyl; C.sub.1-18 alkoxy;
NR.sup.15R.sup.16; aryl an amino acid residue linked through an
amino group thereof;
[0119] Each R.sup.10 and R.sup.11 is independently selected from
the group the group consisting of H; C.sub.1-18 alkyl; C.sub.1-18
alkenyl; C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl; C.sub.4-10 cycloalkenyl; aryl;
C(.dbd.O)R.sup.12; 5-6 membered heterocycle; an amino acid residue
linked through a carboxyl group thereof;
[0120] R.sup.12 is independently selected from the group consisting
of H; C.sub.1-18 alkyl; C.sub.2-18 alkenyl; aryl; C.sub.10
cycloalkyl; C.sub.4-10 cycloalkenyl; an amino acid residue linked
through an amino group thereof;
[0121] Each R.sup.15 and R.sup.16 is independently selected from
the group consisting of H; C.sub.1-18 alkyl; C.sub.2-18 alkenyl;
C.sub.2-18 alkynyl; aryl; C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl; C.sub.4-10
cycloalkenyl; an amino acid residue linked through a carboxyl group
thereof;
[0122] R.sup.19 is independently selected from the group consisting
of H; C.sub.1-18 alkyl, preferably C.sub.1-6 alkyl; C.sub.2-18
alkenyl; C.sub.2-18 alkynyl; C.sub.1-18 alkoxy, preferably
C.sub.1-6 alkoxy; C.sub.1-18 alkylthio; C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl;
C.sub.4-10 cycloalkenyl; C.sub.4-10 cycloalkynyl; halogen; OH; CN;
NO.sub.2; NR.sup.20R.sup.21; OCF.sub.3; haloalkyl; C(.dbd.O)R;
C(.dbd.S)R.sup.22; SH; C(.dbd.O)N(C.sub.1-6 alkyl),
N(H)S(O)(O)(C.sub.1-6 alkyl); aryl; aryloxy; arylthio; arylalkyl;
and each of said aryl, aryloxy, arylthio, arylalkyl substituted
with 1 or more halogens, particularly a phenyl substituted with 1-2
halogens; hydroxyalkyl; 5 or 6 membered heterocycle, oxyheterocycle
or thioheterocycle each unsubstituted or substituted with 1 or more
halogens;
[0123] Each R.sup.20 and R.sup.21 is independently selected from
the group consisting of H; C.sub.1-18 alkyl, preferably C.sub.1-4
alkyl; C.sub.2-18 alkenyl; C.sub.2-18 alkynyl; aryl; C.sub.3-10
cycloalkyl; C.sub.4-10 cycloalkenyl; C(.dbd.O)R.sup.2,
C(.dbd.S)R.sup.12;
[0124] R.sup.22 is independently selected from H; OH; C.sub.1-18
alkyl; C.sub.2-18 alkenyl; C.sub.1-18 alkoxy; NR.sup.23R.sup.24
aryl; C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl; C.sub.4-10 cycloalkenyl;
[0125] Each R.sup.23 and R.sup.24 is independently selected from
the group the group consisting of H; C.sub.1-18 alkyl, preferably
C.sub.2-3 alkyl, wherein C.sub.2-3 alkyl taken together with N of
R.sup.22 can form a saturated heterocycle, which heterocycle is
optionally substituted with OH or aryl or an amino acid
residue.
[0126] An embodiment relating to a third aspect of the present
invention relates to compounds according to the general formula
(A), pharmaceutically acceptable compositions, salts, tautomers,
polymorphs and isomers thereof, and their antiviral uses,
wherein:
[0127] U is N;
[0128] R.sup.1 is selected from hydrogen; phenyl unsubstituted or
substituted with 1-3 R.sup.6; 5 or 6 membered heterocycle,
optionally benzo-added, containing 1-3 heteroatoms selected from
the group O, N, and S, unsubstituted or substituted with 1-2
R.sup.6; 1-naphthyl unsubstituted or substituted with 1-3 R.sup.6;
2-naphthyl unsubstituted or substituted with 1-3 R.sup.6;
C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl, particularly C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl; C.sub.5-7
cycloalkenyl with the proviso that the double bond cannot be
adjacent to a nitrogen;
[0129] Y is selected from the group --(CH.sub.2).sub.0-6--; O; S;
NR.sup.11; --CH(CH.sub.3)--; --OCH.sub.2--; --CH.sub.2O--;
--OCH.sub.2--CH.sub.2--; --CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2O--;
--CH.sub.2--O--CH.sub.2--; --(CH.sub.2).sub.0-5--S--;
--S--(CH.sub.2).sub.0-5--;
--(CH.sub.2).sub.0-2--S--(CH.sub.2).sub.0-2;
--NR.sup.11--(CH.sub.12).sub.0-5;
--(CH.sub.2).sub.0-5--NR.sup.11--;
--CH.sub.2--NR.sup.11--CH.sub.2--; --C(CH.sub.3).sub.2--; (cis or
trans) --CH.sub.2--CH.dbd.CH--; (cis or trans)
--CH.dbd.CH--CH.sub.2--;
[0130] Each R.sup.2, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 is independently selected
from hydrogen; straight or branched C.sub.1-18 alkoxy, particularly
C.sub.1-6 alkoxy; straight or branched C.sub.1-18 alkyl
particularly C.sub.1-6 alkyl; F; Cl; Br; I; OH; CN; NO.sub.2;
NR.sup.7R.sup.8; OCF.sub.3; CF.sub.3; C(.dbd.O)R.sup.9; phenyl;
phenoxy; benzyl; hydroxymethyl or, in the case of R.sup.5,
optionally is absent;
[0131] X is selected from the group --CH.sub.2--; --CH(CH.sub.3)--;
--CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2--; --CH.sub.2--CH--CH.sub.2--;
--CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2; --OCH.sub.2--C.sub.2--;
--SCH.sub.2--CH.sub.2--; --NR.sup.10--CH--CH.sub.2--; C.sub.3-7
cycloalkylidene; --C(CH.sub.3).sub.2--;
--CH.sub.2--CH(CH.sub.3)--CH.sub.2--;
--CH(CH.sub.3)--CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2--;
--CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2--CH(CH.sub.3)--; --CH.dbd.CH--CH.sub.2--;
[0132] R.sup.3 is selected from unsubstituted or phenyl substituted
with 1-3 R.sup.17; 5 or 6 membered heterocycle, containing 1-3
heteroatoms selected from the group O, N, and S, unsubstituted or
substituted with 1-2 R.sup.17; 1-naphthyl unsubstituted or
substituted with 1-3 R.sup.17; 2-naphthyl unsubstituted or
substituted with 1-3 R.sup.17; C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl, particularly
C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl; C.sub.1-7 cycloalkenyl with the proviso that
the double bond cannot be adjacent to a nitrogen;
[0133] Each R.sup.6 and R.sup.17 is independently selected from the
group H; straight or branched C.sub.1-6 alkoxy; straight or
branched C.sub.1-6 alkyl; F; Cl; Br; I; OH; CN; NO.sub.2;
NR.sup.13R.sup.14; OCF.sub.3; CF.sub.3; C(.dbd.O)R.sup.8;
unsubstituted phenyl or phenyl substituted with 1-3 R.sup.19; 5 or
6 membered heterocycles, optionally benzo-added, containing 1-3
heteroatoms selected from O, N and S, unsubstituted or substituted
with 1 or 2 R.sup.19, 2-naphthyl unsubstituted or substituted with
1-3 R.sup.19; C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl; C.sub.5-7 cycloalkenyl,
phenoxy; benzyl; hydroxymethyl;
[0134] Each R.sup.7 and R.sup.8 is independently selected from H;
straight or branched C.sub.1-18 alkyl, preferably C.sub.1-6 alkyl;
phenyl; C(.dbd.O)R.sup.12; alternatively, R.sup.7 and R.sup.8,
together with the nitrogen to which they are attached, combine to
form a 5-6 membered ring;
[0135] Each R.sup.9 and R.sup.18 is independently selected from H;
OH; straight or branched C.sub.1-18 alkyl, preferably C.sub.1-6
alkyl; straight or branched C.sub.1-18 alkoxy, preferably C.sub.1-6
alkoxy; NR.sup.15R.sup.16; phenyl;
[0136] Each R.sup.10 and R.sup.11 is independently selected from
the group H; C.sub.1-18 alkyl, preferably C.sub.1-6 straight or
branched alkyl; phenyl;
[0137] Each R.sup.12 is selected from the group H; C.sub.1-18
alkyl, preferably C.sub.1-6 straight or branched alkyl; phenyl;
[0138] Each R.sup.13 and R.sup.14 is independently selected from H;
straight or branched C.sub.1-18 alkyl, preferably C.sub.1-6 alkyl;
phenyl; C(.dbd.O)R.sup.12;
[0139] Each R.sup.15 and R.sup.16 is independently selected from
the group H; C.sub.1-6 straight or branched alkyl; phenyl;
[0140] R.sup.19 is selected from the group H; straight or branched
C.sub.1-6 alkoxy; straight or branched C.sub.1-6 alkyl; F; Cl, Br;
OH; NO.sub.2; NR.sup.20R.sup.21; OCF.sub.3, C(.dbd.O)R.sup.22;
phenyl; phenoxy; benzyl; hydroxymethyl;
[0141] Each R.sup.20 and R.sup.21 is independently selected from H;
straight or branched C.sub.1-18 alkyl, preferably C.sub.1-6 alkyl;
phenyl; C(.dbd.O)R.sup.12;
[0142] R.sup.22 is selected from H; OH; straight or branched
C.sub.1-6 alkyl; straight or branched C.sub.1-18 alkoxy, preferably
C.sub.1-4 alkoxy; NR.sup.23R.sup.24; phenyl;
[0143] Each R.sup.23 and R.sup.24 is independently selected from
the group H; C.sub.1-18 alkyl, preferably C.sub.1-6 straight or
branched alkyl; phenyl.
[0144] An embodiment of a fourth aspect of the present invention
relates to compounds of formula (A1) wherein R.sup.1 is directly
linked to the imidazo[4,5-d]pyrimidine ring structure,
pharmaceutically acceptable compositions, salts, tautomers,
polymorphs and isomers thereof and their use in a treatment of
viral infection or to manufacture a medicament to treat viral
infections, wherein:
##STR00004##
[0145] U is N;
[0146] R.sup.1 is selected from phenyl substituted with 0-3
R.sup.6; 5 or 6 membered heterocycle containing 1-3 heteroatoms
selected from the group O, N, and S, substituted with 0-2 R.sup.6;
1-naphthyl substituted with 0-3 R.sup.6; 2-naphthyl substituted
with 0-3 R.sup.6; C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl; C.sub.4-10
cycloalkenyl;
[0147] R.sup.2, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are independently selected from
hydrogen; straight or branched C.sub.1-6 alkoxy; straight or
branched C.sub.1-6 alkyl; F; Cl; Br; I; OH; CN; NO.sub.2;
NR.sup.7R.sup.8; OCF.sub.3; CF.sub.3; C(.dbd.O)R.sup.9; phenyl;
phenoxy; benzyl; hydroxymethyl or, in the case of R.sup.5,
optionally is absent;
[0148] X is selected from the group --CH.sub.2--; --CH(CH.sub.3)--;
--CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2--; --CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2--;
--CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2; --OCH.sub.2--CH--;
--SCH.sub.2--CH.sub.2--; --NR.sup.10--CH.sub.2--CH_; C.sub.3-7
cycloalkylidene; --C(CH.sub.3).sub.2;
--CH.sub.2--CH(CH.sub.3)--CH.sub.2--;
--CH(CH.sub.3)--CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2--;
--CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2--CH(CH.sub.3)--; --CH.dbd.CH--CH.sub.2--;
[0149] R.sup.3 is selected from phenyl substituted with 0-3
R.sup.17; (benzoannellated) 5 or 6 membered aromatic heterocycle
containing 1-3 heteroatoms selected from the group O, N, and S,
substituted with 0-2 R.sup.17; 1-naphthyl substituted with 0-3
R.sup.17; 2-naphthyl substituted with 0-3 R.sup.17; C.sub.3-7
cycloalkyl; C.sub.4-10 cycloalkenyl with the proviso that the
double bond cannot be adjacent to a nitrogen;
[0150] R.sup.6 and R.sup.17 are independently selected from the
group H; straight or branched C.sub.1-6 alkoxy; straight or
branched C.sub.1-6 alkyl; F; Cl; Br; I; OH; CN; NO.sub.2;
NR.sup.13R.sup.14; OCF.sub.3; CF.sub.3; C(.dbd.O)R.sup.18; phenyl;
phenoxy; benzyl; hydroxymethyl;
[0151] R.sup.7 and R.sup.8 are independently selected from H;
straight or branched C.sub.1-6 alkyl; phenyl; C(.dbd.O)R.sup.12 or
R.sup.7 and R.sup.8, together with the nitrogen to which they are
attached, combine to form a 5-6 membered ring;
[0152] R.sup.9 and R.sup.18 are independently selected from
.sup.-H; OH; straight or branched C.sub.1-6 alkyl; straight or
branched C.sub.1-6 alkoxy; NR.sup.15R.sup.16; phenyl;
[0153] R.sup.10 is selected from the group H; Cl, straight or
branched alkyl; phenyl;
[0154] R.sup.12 is selected from the group H; C.sub.1-6 straight or
branched alkyl; phenyl;
[0155] R.sup.13 and R.sup.14 are independently selected from H;
straight or branched Cl, alkyl; phenyl; C(.dbd.O)R.sup.12;
[0156] R.sup.15 and R.sup.16 are independently selected from the
group H; C.sub.1-6 straight or branched alkyl; phenyl.
[0157] An embodiment of a fifth aspect of the present invention
relates to compounds of formula (A1), pharmaceutically acceptable
compositions, salts, tautomers, polymorphs and isomers and their
use in a treatment of viral infection or to manufacture a
medicament to treat viral infection, wherein:
[0158] U is N;
[0159] R.sup.1 is selected from phenyl unsubstituted or substituted
with 1-3 R.sup.6; 5 or 6 membered heterocycle containing 1-3
heteroatoms selected from the group O, N, and S, unsubstituted or
substituted with 1-2 R.sup.6; 1-naphthyl unsubstituted or
substituted with 1-3 R.sup.6; 2-naphthyl unsubstituted or
substituted with 1-3 R.sup.6; C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl; C.sub.5-7
cycloalkenyl;
[0160] R.sup.2 and R.sup.4 are hydrogen;
[0161] R.sup.5 is absent;
[0162] X is selected from the group --CH.sub.2--; --CH(CH.sub.3)--;
--CH--CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2--; --OCH.sub.2--CH.sub.2--;
--CH.dbd.CH--CH.sub.2--;
[0163] R.sup.3 is selected from phenyl unsubstituted or substituted
with 1-3 R.sup.17; (benzoannellated) 5 or 6 membered aromatic
heterocycle containing 1-3 heteroatoms selected from the group O,
N, and S, unsubstituted or substituted with 1-2 R.sup.17;
1-naphthyl unsubstituted or substituted with 1-3 R.sup.17;
2-naphthyl substituted with 0-3 R.sup.17; C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl;
C.sub.5-7 cycloalkenyl with the proviso that the double bond cannot
be adjacent to a nitrogen;
[0164] Each R.sup.6 and R.sup.17 is independently selected from the
group H; straight or branched C.sub.1-6 alkoxy; straight or
branched C.sub.1-6 alkyl; F; Cl; Br; I; OH; CN; NO.sub.2;
NR.sup.13R.sup.14; OCF.sub.3; CF.sub.3; C(.dbd.O)R.sup.9; phenyl;
phenoxy; benzyl; hydroxymethyl;
[0165] R.sup.9 is selected from H; OH; straight or branched
C.sub.1-6 alkyl; straight or branched C.sub.1-6 alkoxy;
N.sup.15R.sup.16; phenyl;
[0166] R.sup.12 is selected from the group H; C.sub.1-6 straight or
branched alkyl; phenyl;
[0167] Each R.sup.13 and R.sup.14 is independently selected from H;
straight or branched C.sub.1-4 alkyl; phenyl; C(.dbd.O)R.sup.12;
and
[0168] Each R.sup.z5 and R.sup.16 is independently selected from
the group H; C.sub.1-6 straight or branched alkyl; phenyl;
[0169] An embodiment of present invention in its sixth aspect
comprises the compounds of formula (A1), pharmaceutically
acceptable compositions salts, tautomers, and isomers thereof and
their use in a treatment of viral infection or to manufacture a
medicament to treat viral infection, wherein:
[0170] U is N;
[0171] R.sup.1 is selected from phenyl unsubstituted or substituted
with 1-3 R.sup.6; 5 or 6 membered heterocycle containing 1-3
heteroatoms selected from the group O, N, and S, unsubstituted or
substituted with 1-2 R.sup.6; 1-naphthyl unsubstituted or
substituted with 1-3 R.sup.6; 2-naphthyl unsubstituted or
substituted with 1-3 R.sup.6;
[0172] R.sup.2 and R.sup.4 are hydrogen;
[0173] R.sup.5 is absent;
[0174] X is selected from --CH.sub.2--; --CH(CH.sub.3)--;
--CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2--; --OCH.sub.2--CH.sub.2--;
--CH.dbd.CH--CH.sub.2--;
[0175] R.sup.3 is selected from phenyl unsubstituted or substituted
with 1-3 R.sup.17; 5 or 6 membered aromatic heterocycle containing
1-3 heteroatoms selected from the group O, N, and S, unsubstituted
or substituted with 1-3 R.sup.17; 1-naphthyl unsubstituted or
substituted with 1-3 R.sup.17; 2-naphthyl unsubstituted or
substituted with 1-3 R.sup.17;
[0176] Each R.sup.6 and R.sup.17 is independently selected from the
group H; straight or branched C.sub.1-6 alkoxy; straight or
branched C.sub.1-6 alkyl; F; Cl; Br; I; OH; CN; NO.sub.2;
NR.sup.13R.sup.14; OCF.sub.3; CF.sub.3; C(.dbd.O)R.sup.9; phenyl;
phenoxy; benzyl; hydroxymethyl;
[0177] R.sup.9 is selected from H; OH; straight or branched
C.sub.1-6 alkyl; straight or branched C.sub.1-6 alkoxy;
NR.sup.15R.sup.16; phenyl;
[0178] R.sup.12 is selected from the group H; C.sub.1-6 straight or
branched alkyl; phenyl;
[0179] Each R.sup.13 and R.sup.14 is independently selected from H;
straight or branched C.sub.1-4 alkyl; phenyl; C(.dbd.O)R.sup.12;
and
[0180] Each R.sup.15 and R.sup.16 is independently selected from
the group H; C.sub.1-6 straight or branched alkyl; and phenyl.
[0181] An embodiment of present invention in its seventh aspect
comprises compounds of formula (A1), pharmaceutically acceptable
compositions, salts, tautomers, and isomers thereof and their use
in a treatment of viral infection or to manufacture a medicament to
treat viral infection, wherein:
[0182] U is N;
[0183] R.sup.1 is selected from phenyl unsubstituted or substituted
with 1-3 R.sup.6; 5 or 6 membered heterocycle containing 1-3
heteroatoms selected from the group O, N, and S, unsubstituted or
substituted with 1-2 R.sup.6; 1-naphthyl unsubstituted or
substituted with 1-3 R.sup.6; 2-naphthyl unsubstituted or
substituted with 1-3 R.sup.6;
[0184] R.sup.2 and R.sup.4 are hydrogen;
[0185] R.sup.5 is absent;
[0186] X is selected from --CH.sub.2--; --CH(CH.sub.3)--;
--CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2--; --OCH.sub.2--CH.sub.2--;
--CH.dbd.CH--C.sub.2--;
[0187] R.sup.3 is selected from phenyl unsubstituted or substituted
with 1-3 R.sup.17; 5 or 6 membered aromatic heterocycle containing
1-3 heteroatoms selected from the group O, N, and S, unsubstituted
or substituted with 1-2 R.sup.17; 1-naphthyl substituted with 0-3
R.sup.17; 2-naphthyl unsubstituted or substituted with 1-3
R.sup.17;
[0188] Each R.sup.6 and R.sup.17 is independently selected from
hydrogen; straight or branched C.sub.1-6 alkoxy; straight or
branched C.sub.1-6 alkyl; F; Cl; Br; I; OH; CN; NO.sub.2;
NR.sup.13R.sup.14; OCF.sub.3, CF.sub.3; C(.dbd.O)R.sup.9; phenyl;
phenoxy; benzyl; hydroxymethyl;
[0189] R.sup.9 is selected from H; OH; straight or branched
C.sub.1-6 alkyl; straight or branched C.sub.1-6 alkoxy;
NR.sup.15R.sup.16; phenyl;
[0190] R.sup.12 is selected from the group H; C.sub.1-6 straight or
branched alkyl; phenyl;
[0191] Each R.sup.13 and R.sup.14 is independently selected from H;
straight or branched C.sub.1-6 alkyl; phenyl; C(.dbd.O)R.sup.12;
and
[0192] Each R.sup.15 and R.sup.16 is independently selected from
the group H; C.sub.1-6 straight or branched alkyl; and phenyl.
[0193] An embodiment of the present invention in its eighth aspect
relates to compounds of the formula (A2), pharmaceutically
acceptable compositions, salts, tautomers, polymorphs and isomers
thereof and their use in a treatment of viral infection or to
manufacture a medicament to treat viral infection
##STR00005##
wherein
[0194] U is N;
[0195] R.sup.1 is selected from hydrogen; aryl unsubstituted or
substituted with one or more R.sup.6, heterocycle unsubstituted or
substituted with one or more R.sup.6, C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl
unsubstituted or substituted with one or more R.sup.6 and
C.sub.4-10 cycloalkenyl unsubstituted or substituted with one or
more R.sup.6,
[0196] X is selected from the group consisting of a divalent,
saturated or unsaturated, substituted or unsubstituted
C.sub.1-C.sub.10 hydrocarbon group optionally including one or more
heteroatoms in the main chain (provided that the heteroatom is not
linked to N of the nucleus), said heteroatoms being selected from
the group consisting of O, S, and N; such as C.sub.1-6 alkylene,
(for example --CH.sub.2--, --CH(C.sub.3)--, --CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2--,
--CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2--,
--CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2),
--(CH.sub.2).sub.2-4--O--(CH.sub.2).sub.2-4--,
--(CH.sub.2).sub.2-4--S--(CH.sub.2).sub.2-4--,
--(CH.sub.2).sub.2-4--NR.sup.10--(CH.sub.2).sub.2-4, C.sub.3-10
cycloalkylidene, C.sub.2-6 alkenylene (such as
--CH.dbd.CH--CH.sub.2--), C.sub.2-6 alkynylene;
[0197] R.sup.3 is selected from the group consisting of aryl;
aryloxy; arylthio; aryl-NR.sup.10--; 5 or 6 membered heterocycle,
oxyheterocycle or thioheterocycle; and each of said aryl, aryloxy,
arylthio, aryl-NR.sup.10--, 5 or 6 membered heterocycle,
oxyheterocycle or thioheterocycle is optionally substituted with
one or more R.sup.17; C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl, oxycycloalkyl or
thiocycloalkyl; C.sub.4-10 cycloalkenyl with the proviso that the
double bond cannot be adjacent to a nitrogen; H with the proviso
that if X is an alkylene, an alkenylene or an alkynylene, then X
comprises at least 5 carbon atoms;
[0198] R.sup.4 is independently selected from the group consisting
of hydrogen C.sub.1-18 alkyl; C.sub.2-18 alkenyl; C.sub.2-18
alkynyl; C.sub.1-18 alkoxy; C.sub.1-18 alkylthio; halogen; OH; CN;
NO.sub.2; NR.sup.7R.sup.8; OCF.sub.3; haloalkyl; C(.dbd.O)R.sup.9;
C(.dbd.S)R.sup.9; SH; aryl; aryloxy; arylthio; arylalkyl;
C.sub.1-18 hydroxyalkyl; C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl; C.sub.3-10
cycloalkyloxy; C.sub.3-10 cycloalkylthio; C.sub.3-10 cycloalkenyl;
C.sub.3-10 cycloalkynyl; 5 or 6 membered heterocycle,
oxyheterocycle or thioheterocycle; optionally R.sup.4 is not --OH,
--SH, .dbd.O or .dbd.S;
[0199] R.sup.5 is independently absent or selected from the group
consisting of hydrogen; C.sub.1-18 alkyl; C.sub.2-18 alkenyl;
C.sub.2-18 alkynyl; C.sub.1-18 alkoxy; C.sub.1-18 alkylthio;
halogen; OH; CN; NO.sub.2; NR.sup.7R.sup.8; OCF.sub.3; haloalkyl;
C(.dbd.O)R.sup.9; C(.dbd.S)R.sup.9; SH; aryl; aryloxy; arylthio;
arylalkyl; C.sub.1-18 hydroxyalkyl; C.sub.10 cycloalkyl; C.sub.3-10
cycloalkyloxy; C.sub.3-10 cycloalkylthio C.sub.3-10 cycloalkenyl;
C.sub.3-10 cycloalkynyl; 5 or 6 membered heterocycle,
oxyheterocycle or thioheterocycle;
[0200] Each R.sup.6 and R.sup.17 is independently selected from the
group consisting of hydrogen; C.sub.1-18 alkyl; C.sub.2-18 alkenyl;
C.sub.2-18 alkynyl; C.sub.1-18 alkoxy; C.sub.1-18 alkylthio;
C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl, C.sub.3-10 cycloalkenyl or C.sub.3-10
cycloalkynyl; halogen; OH; CN; NO.sub.2; NR.sup.7R.sup.8;
OCF.sub.3; haloalkyl; C(.dbd.O)R.sup.9; C(.dbd.S)R.sup.9; SH; aryl;
aryloxy; arylthio; arylalkyl; arylalkyloxy (optionally a
oxybenzyl); arylalkylthio (optionally a benzylthio); 5 or 6
membered heterocycle, oxyheterocycle or thioheterocycle; C.sub.1-18
hydroxyalkyl; and each of said aryl, aryloxy, arylthio, arylalkyl,
arylalkyloxy (optionally a oxybenzyl), arylalkylthio (optionally a
benzylthio), 5 of 6 membered heterocycle, oxyheterocycle or
thioheterocycle, C.sub.1-18 hydroxyalkyl is optionally substituted
with 1 or more R.sup.19;
[0201] Each R.sup.7 and R.sup.8 is independently selected from the
group consisting of H; C.sub.1-18 alkyl; C.sub.1-18 alkenyl; aryl;
C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl; C.sub.4-10 cycloalkenyl; 5-6 membered
heterocycle, C(.dbd.O)R.sup.12; C(.dbd.S)R.sup.12; an amino acid
residue linked through a carboxyl group thereof; alternatively,
R.sup.7 and R.sup.8, together with the nitrogen to which they are
attached, combine to form a 5-6 membered heterocycle;
[0202] Each R.sup.9 and R.sup.18 is independently selected from the
group consisting of H; OH; C.sub.1-18 alkyl; C.sub.2-18 alkenyl;
C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl; C.sub.4-10 cycloalkenyl; C.sub.1-18 alkoxy;
NR.sup.15R.sup.16; aryl an amino acid residue linked through an
amino group thereof;
[0203] Each R.sup.10 and R.sup.11 is independently selected from
the group the group consisting of H; C.sub.1-18 alkyl; C.sub.1-18
alkenyl; C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl; C.sub.4-10 cycloalkenyl; aryl;
C(.dbd.O)R.sup.12; 5-6 membered heterocycle; an amino acid residue
linked through a carboxyl group thereof;
[0204] R.sup.12 is independently selected from the group consisting
of H; C.sub.1-18 alkyl; C.sub.2-18 alkenyl; aryl; C.sub.3-10
cycloalkyl; C.sub.4-10 cycloalkenyl; an amino acid residue linked
through an amino group thereof;
[0205] Each R.sup.13 and R.sup.14 is independently selected from
the group consisting of H; C.sub.1-18 alkyl; C.sub.2-18 alkenyl;
aryl; C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl; C.sub.4-10 cycloalkenyl;
C(.dbd.O)R.sup.12; C(.dbd.S)R.sup.12; an amino acid residue linked
through a carboxyl group thereof;
[0206] Each R.sup.15 and R.sup.16 is independently selected from
the group consisting of H; C.sub.1-18 alkyl; C.sub.2-18 alkenyl;
C.sub.2-18 alkynyl; aryl; C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl; C.sub.4-10
cycloalkenyl; an amino acid residue linked through a carboxyl group
thereof;
[0207] R.sup.19 is independently selected from the group consisting
of H; C.sub.1-18 alkyl, preferably C.sub.1-6 alkyl; C.sub.2-18
alkenyl; C.sub.2-18 alkynyl; C.sub.1-18 alkoxy, preferably
C.sub.1-6 alkoxy; C.sub.1-18 alkylthio; C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl;
C.sub.4-10 cycloalkenyl; C.sub.4-10 cycloalkynyl; halogen; OH; CN;
NO; NR.sup.20R.sup.21; OCF.sub.3; haloalkyl; C(.dbd.O)R.sup.22;
C(.dbd.S)R.sup.22; SH; C(.dbd.O)N(C.sub.1-6 alkyl),
N(H)S(O)(O)(C.sub.1-6 alkyl); aryl; aryloxy; arylthio; arylalkyl;
and each of said aryl, aryloxy, arylthio, arylalkyl substituted
with 1 or more halogens, particularly a phenyl substituted with 1-2
halogens; hydroxyalkyl; 5 or 6 membered heterocycle, oxyheterocycle
or thioheterocycle each unsubstituted or substituted with 1 or more
halogens;
[0208] Each R.sup.20 and R.sup.21 is independently selected from
the group consisting of H; C.sub.1-18 alkyl, preferably C.sub.1-6
alkyl; C.sub.2-18 alkenyl; C.sub.2-18 alkynyl; aryl; C.sub.3-10
cycloalkyl; C.sub.4-10 cycloalkenyl; C(.dbd.O)R.sup.12,
C(.dbd.S)R.sup.12;
[0209] R.sup.22 is independently selected from H; OH; C.sub.1-18
alkyl; C.sub.2-18 alkenyl; C.sub.1-18 alkoxy; NR.sup.23R.sup.24;
aryl; C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl; C.sub.4-10 cycloalkenyl;
[0210] Each R.sup.23 and R.sup.24 is independently selected from
the group the group consisting of H; C.sub.1-18 alkyl, preferably
C.sub.2-3 alkyl, wherein C.sub.2-3 alkyl taken together with N of
R.sup.22 can form a saturated heterocycle, which heterocycle is
optionally substituted with OH or aryl or an amino acid
residue;
[0211] Z is selected from (.dbd.O), (.dbd.S), and
(.dbd.NR.sup.27);
[0212] R.sup.25 is selected from the group consisting of H,
C.sub.1-18 alkyl, preferably C.sub.1-4 alkyl; C.sub.3-10
cycloalkyl, such as C.sub.3-8 cycloalkyl; C.sub.3-10 cycloalkenyl;
(C.sub.3-8 cycloalkyl)-C.sub.1-3 alkyl; aryl, such as phenyl; 5 or
6 membered heterocycle, such as pyridyl; alkylaryl, such as benzyl;
and each of said C.sub.1-18 alkyl, preferably C.sub.1-4 alkyl,
C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl, C.sub.3-10 cycloalkenyl, (C.sub.3-8
cycloalkyl)-C.sub.1-3 alkyl, C.sub.5-10 bicycloalkyl, adamantyl,
phenyl, pyridyl and benzyl is optionally substituted with 1-4 of
each of C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-4 alkoxy, halo, CH.sub.2OH,
oxybenzyl, and OH; and heterocycle having 3 to 7 carbon atoms,
preferably a saturated heterocycle wherein the heteroatoms are S,
S(O), or S(O).sub.2 separated from the imidazopyridyl ring nitrogen
atom by at least 2 heterocycle carbon atoms; and
[0213] R.sup.27 is selected from the group consisting of H,
C.sub.1-18 alkyl, C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl, (C.sub.3-10
cycloalkyl)-C.sub.1-6 alkyl; aryl; arylalkyl, such as benzyl.
[0214] An embodiment of the present invention in its ninth aspect
relates to compounds of the formula (A3), pharmaceutically
acceptable compositions, salts, tautomers, polymorphs and isomers
thereof and their use in a treatment of viral infection or to
manufacture a medicament to treat viral infection
##STR00006##
wherein
[0215] U is N;
[0216] R.sup.1 is selected from hydrogen; aryl unsubstituted or
substituted with one or more R.sup.6, heterocycle unsubstituted or
substituted with one or more R.sup.6, C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl
unsubstituted or substituted with one or more R.sup.6 and
C.sub.4-10 cycloalkenyl unsubstituted or substituted with one or
more R.sup.6;
[0217] X is selected from the group consisting of a divalent,
saturated or unsaturated, substituted or unsubstituted
C.sub.1-C.sub.10 hydrocarbon group optionally including one or more
heteroatoms in the main chain (provided that the heteroatom is not
linked to N of the nucleus), said heteroatoms being selected from
the group consisting of O, S, and N; such as C.sub.1-6 alkylene,
(for example --CH.sub.2--, --CH(CH.sub.3)--,
--CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2--, --CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2--,
--CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2),
--(CH.sub.2).sub.2-4--O--(CH.sub.2).sub.2-4--,
--(CH.sub.2).sub.2-4--S--(CH.sub.2).sub.2-4--,
--(CH.sub.2).sub.2-4--NR.sup.10--(CH.sub.2).sub.2-4-1 C.sub.3-10
cycloalkylidene, C.sub.2-6 alkenylene (such as
--CH.dbd.CH--CH.sub.2--), C.sub.2-6 alkynylene;
[0218] R.sup.3 is selected from the group consisting of aryl;
aryloxy; arylthio; aryl-NR.sup.10--; 5 or 6 membered heterocycle,
oxyheterocycle or thioheterocycle; and each of said aryl, aryloxy,
arylthio, aryl-NR.sup.10--, 5 or 6 membered heterocycle,
oxyheterocycle or thioheterocycle is optionally substituted with
one or more R.sup.17, C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl, oxycycloalkyl or
thiocycloalkyl; C.sub.4-10 cycloalkenyl with the proviso that the
double bond cannot be adjacent to a nitrogen; H with the proviso
that if X is an alkylene, an alkenylene or an alkynylene, then X
comprises at least 5 carbon atoms;
[0219] R.sup.4 is independently selected from the group consisting
of hydrogen C.sub.1-18 alkyl; C.sub.2-18 alkenyl; C.sub.2-18
alkynyl; C.sub.1-18 alkoxy; C.sub.1-18 alkylthio; halogen; OH; CN;
NO.sub.2; NR.sup.7R.sup.8; OCF.sub.3; haloalkyl; C(.dbd.O)R.sup.9;
C(.dbd.S)R.sup.9; SH; aryl; aryloxy; arylthio; arylalkyl;
C.sub.1-18 hydroxyalkyl; C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl; C.sub.3-10
cycloalkyloxy; C.sub.3-10 cycloalkylthio; C.sub.3-10 cycloalkenyl;
C.sub.3-10 cycloalkynyl; 5 or 6 membered heterocycle,
oxyheterocycle or thioheterocycle; optionally, R.sup.4 is not OH,
SH, thio or oxo;
[0220] R.sup.5 is independently absent or selected from the group
consisting of hydrogen; C.sub.1-18 alkyl; C.sub.2-18 alkenyl;
C.sub.2-18 alkynyl; C.sub.1-18 alkoxy; C.sub.1-18 alkylthio;
halogen; OH; CN; NO.sub.2; NR.sup.7R.sup.8; OCF.sub.3; haloalkyl;
C(.dbd.O)R.sup.9; C(.dbd.S)R.sup.9, SH; aryl; aryloxy; arylthio;
arylalkyl; C.sub.1-18 hydroxyalkyl; C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl;
C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyloxy; C.sub.3-10 cycloalkylthio C.sub.3-10
cycloalkenyl; C.sub.3-10 cycloalkynyl; 5 or 6 membered heterocycle,
oxyheterocycle or thioheterocycle;
[0221] Each R.sup.6 and R.sup.17 is independently selected from the
group consisting of hydrogen; C.sub.1-18 alkyl; C.sub.2-18 alkenyl;
C.sub.2-18 alkynyl; C.sub.1-18 alkoxy; C.sub.1-18 alkylthio;
C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl, C.sub.3-10 cycloalkenyl or C.sub.3-10
cycloalkynyl; halogen; OH; CN; NO.sub.2; NR.sup.7R.sup.8;
OCF.sub.3; haloalkyl; C(.dbd.O)R.sup.9; C(.dbd.S)R.sup.9; SH; aryl;
aryloxy; arylthio; arylalkyl; arylalkyloxy (optionally a
oxybenzyl); arylalkylthio (optionally a benzylthio); 5 or 6
membered heterocycle, oxyheterocycle or thioheterocycle; C.sub.1-18
hydroxyalkyl; and each of said aryl, aryloxy, arylthio, arylalkyl,
arylalkyloxy (optionally a oxybenzyl), arylalkylthio (optionally a
benzylthio), 5 or 6 membered heterocycle, oxyheterocycle or
thioheterocycle, C.sub.1-18 hydroxyalkyl is optionally substituted
with 1 or more R.sup.19;
[0222] Each R.sup.7 and R.sup.8 is independently selected from the
group consisting of H; C.sub.1-18 alkyl; C.sub.1-18 alkenyl; aryl;
C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl; C.sub.4-10 cycloalkenyl; 5-6 membered
heterocycle; C(O)R.sup.12; C(.dbd.S)R.sup.12; an amino acid residue
linked through a carboxyl group thereof; alternatively, R.sup.7 and
R.sup.8, together with the nitrogen to which they are attached,
combine to form a 5-6 membered heterocycle;
[0223] Each R.sup.9 and R.sup.18 is independently selected from the
group consisting of H; OH; C.sub.1-18 alkyl; C.sub.2-18 alkenyl;
C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl; C.sub.4-10 cycloalkenyl; C.sub.1-18 alkoxy;
NR.sup.15R.sup.16; aryl an amino acid residue linked through an
amino group thereof;
[0224] Each R.sup.10 and R.sup.11 is independently selected from
the group the group consisting of H; C.sub.1-18 alkyl; C.sub.1-18
alkenyl; C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl; C.sub.4-10 cycloalkenyl; aryl;
C(.dbd.O)R.sup.12; 5-6 membered heterocycle; an amino acid residue
linked through a carboxyl group thereof;
[0225] R.sup.12 is independently selected from the group consisting
of H; C.sub.1-18 alkyl; C.sub.2-18 alkenyl; aryl; C.sub.3-10
cycloalkyl; C.sub.4-10 cycloalkenyl; an amino acid residue linked
is through an amino group thereof;
[0226] Each R.sup.15 and R.sup.16 is independently selected from
the group consisting of H; C.sub.1-18 alkyl; C.sub.2-18 alkenyl;
C.sub.2-18 alkynyl; aryl; C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl; C.sub.4-10
cycloalkenyl; an amino acid residue linked through a carboxyl group
thereof;
[0227] R.sup.19 is independently selected from the group consisting
of H; C.sub.1-18 alkyl, preferably Cl, alkyl; C.sub.2-18 alkenyl;
C.sub.2-18 alkynyl; C.sub.1-18 alkoxy, preferably C.sub.1-4 alkoxy;
C.sub.1-18 alkylthio; C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl; C.sub.4-10
cycloalkenyl; C.sub.4-10 cycloalkynyl; halogen; OH; CN; NO.sub.2;
NR.sup.20R.sup.21; OCF.sub.3; haloalkyl; C(.dbd.O)R.sup.22;
C(.dbd.S)R.sup.22; SH; C(.dbd.O)N(C.sub.1-6 alkyl),
N(H)S(O)(O)(C.sub.1-6 alkyl); aryl; aryloxy; arylthio; arylalkyl;
and each of said aryl, aryloxy, arylthio, arylalkyl substituted
with 1 or more halogens, particularly a phenyl substituted with 1-2
halogens; hydroxyalkyl; 5 or 6 membered heterocycle, oxyheterocycle
or thioheterocycle each unsubstituted or substituted with 1 or more
halogens;
[0228] Each R.sup.20 and R.sup.21 is independently selected from
the group consisting of H; C.sub.1-18 alkyl, preferably C.sub.1-6
alkyl; C.sub.2-18 alkenyl; C.sub.3-10 alkynyl; aryl; C.sub.4-10
cycloalkyl; C.sub.4-10 cycloalkenyl; C(.dbd.O)R.sup.12,
C(.dbd.S)R.sup.12;
[0229] R.sup.22 is independently selected from H; OH; C.sub.1-18
alkyl; C.sub.2-18 alkenyl; C.sub.1-18 alkoxy; NR.sup.23R.sup.24;
aryl; C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl; C.sub.4-10 cycloalkenyl;
[0230] Each R.sup.23 and R.sup.24 is independently selected from
the group the group consisting of H; C.sub.1-18 alkyl, preferably
C.sub.2-3 alkyl, wherein C.sub.2-3 alkyl taken together with N of
R.sup.22 can form a saturated heterocycle, which heterocycle is
optionally substituted with OH or aryl or an amino acid
residue;
[0231] Z is selected from (.dbd.O), (.dbd.S), and (.dbd.NR);
[0232] R.sup.26 is selected from the group consisting of H,
C.sub.1-18 alkyl, preferably C.sub.1-4 alkyl; C.sub.3-10
cycloalkyl, such as C.sub.5-10 bicycloalkyl; C.sub.3-10
cycloalkenyl; (C.sub.3-8 cycloalkyl)-C.sub.1-3 alkyl; aryl, such as
phenyl; 5 or 6 membered heterocycle, such as pyridyl; alkylaryl,
such as benzyl; and each of said C.sub.1-18 alkyl, preferably
C.sub.1-4 alkyl, C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl, C.sub.3-10 cycloalkenyl,
(C.sub.3-8 cycloalkyl)-C.sub.1-3 alkyl, C.sub.5-10 bicycloalkyl,
adamantyl, phenyl, pyridyl and benzyl is optionally substituted
with 1-4 of each of C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-4 alkoxy, halo,
CH.sub.2OH, oxybenzyl, and OH; and heterocycle having 3 to 7 carbon
atoms, preferably a saturated heterocycle wherein the heteroatoms
are S, S(O), or S(O).sub.2 separated from the imidazopyridyl ring
nitrogen atom by at least 2 heterocycle carbon atoms; and
[0233] R.sup.27 is selected from the group consisting of H,
C.sub.1-18 alkyl, C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl, (C.sub.3-10
cycloalkyl)-C.sub.1-6 alkyl; aryl; arylalkyl, such as benzyl.
[0234] An embodiment of the present invention in its tenth aspect
relates to compounds of the formula (A2), pharmaceutically
acceptable compositions, salts, tautomers, polymorphs and isomers
thereof and their use in a treatment of viral infection or to
manufacture a medicament to treat viral infection
##STR00007##
wherein
[0235] U is N;
[0236] R.sup.1 is selected from hydrogen; aryl unsubstituted or
substituted with one or more R.sup.6, heterocycle unsubstituted or
substituted with one or more R.sup.6, C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl
unsubstituted or substituted with one or more R.sup.6 and
C.sub.4-10 cycloalkenyl unsubstituted or substituted with one or
more R.sup.6;
[0237] X is selected from the group consisting of a divalent,
saturated or unsaturated, substituted or unsubstituted
C.sub.1-C.sub.10 hydrocarbon group optionally including one or more
heteroatoms in the main chain (provided that the heteroatom is not
linked to N of the nucleus), said heteroatoms being selected from
the group consisting of O, S, and N; such as C.sub.1-6 alkylene,
(for example --CH.sub.2--, --CH(CH.sub.3)--,
--CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2--, --CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2--,
--CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2),
--(CH.sub.2).sub.2-4--O--(CH.sub.2).sub.2-4--,
--(CH.sub.2).sub.2-4--S--(CH.sub.2).sub.2-4--,
--(CH.sub.2).sub.2-4--NR.sup.10--(CH.sub.2).sub.2-4--, C.sub.3-10
cycloalkylidene, C.sub.2-6 alkenylene (such as
--CH.dbd.CH--CH.sub.2--), C.sub.2-6 alkynylene;
[0238] R.sup.2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen
C.sub.1-18 alkyl; C.sub.2-18 alkenyl; C.sub.2-18 alkynyl;
C.sub.1-18 alkoxy; C.sub.1-18 alkylthio; halogen; OH; CN; NO.sub.2;
NR.sup.7R.sup.8; OCF.sub.3; haloalkyl; C(.dbd.O)R.sup.9;
C(.dbd.S)R.sup.9; SH; aryl; aryloxy; arylthio; arylalkyl;
C.sub.1-18 hydroxyalkyl; C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl; C.sub.3-10
cycloalkyloxy; C.sub.3-10 cycloalkylthio; C.sub.3-10 cycloalkenyl;
C.sub.3-10 cycloalkynyl; 5 or 6 membered heterocycle,
oxyheterocycle or thioheterocycle;
[0239] R.sup.3 is selected from the group consisting of aryl;
aryloxy; arylthio; aryl-NR.sup.10--; 5 or 6 membered heterocycle,
oxyheterocycle or thioheterocycle; and each of said aryl, aryloxy,
arylthio, aryl-NR.sup.10--, 5 or 6 membered heterocycle,
oxyheterocycle or thioheterocycle is optionally substituted with
one or more R.sup.17; C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl, oxycycloalkyl or
thiocycloalkyl; C.sub.4-10 cycloalkenyl with the proviso that the
double bond cannot be adjacent to a nitrogen; H with the proviso
that if X is an alkylene, an alkenylene or an alkynylene, then X
comprises at least 5 carbon atoms;
[0240] R.sup.5 is independently absent or selected from the group
consisting of hydrogen; C.sub.1-18 alkyl; C.sub.2-18 alkenyl;
C.sub.2-18 alkynyl; C.sub.1-18 alkoxy; C.sub.1-18 alkylthio;
halogen; OH; CN; NO.sub.2; NR.sup.7R.sup.8; OCF.sub.3; haloalkyl;
C(.dbd.O)R.sup.9; C(.dbd.S)R.sup.9; SH; aryl; aryloxy; arylthio;
arylalkyl; C.sub.1-18 hydroxyalkyl; C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl;
C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyloxy; C.sub.1-10 cycloalkylthio C.sub.3-10
cycloalkenyl; C.sub.3-10 cycloalkynyl; 5 or 6 membered heterocycle,
oxyheterocycle or thioheterocycle;
[0241] Each R.sup.6 and R.sup.17 is independently selected from the
group consisting of hydrogen; C.sub.1-18 alkyl; C.sub.2-18 alkenyl;
C.sub.2-18 alkynyl; C.sub.1-18 alkoxy; C.sub.1-18 alkylthio;
C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl, C.sub.3-10 cycloalkenyl or C.sub.3-10
cycloalkynyl; halogen; OH; CN; NO.sub.2; NR.sup.7R.sup.8,
OCF.sub.3; haloalkyl; C(.dbd.O)R.sup.9; C(.dbd.S)R.sup.9; SH; aryl;
aryloxy; arylthio; arylalkyl; arylalkyloxy (optionally a
oxybenzyl); arylalkylthio (optionally a benzylthio); 5 or 6
membered heterocycle, oxyheterocycle or thioheterocycle; C.sub.1-18
hydroxyalkyl; and each of said aryl, aryloxy, arylthio, arylalkyl,
arylalkyloxy (optionally a oxybenzyl), arylalkylthio (optionally a
benzylthio), 5 or 6 membered heterocycle, oxyheterocycle or
thioheterocycle, C.sub.1-18 hydroxyalkyl is optionally substituted
with 1 or more R.sup.19;
[0242] Each R.sup.7 and R.sup.8 is independently selected from the
group consisting of H; C.sub.1-18 alkyl; C.sub.1-18 alkenyl; aryl;
C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl; C.sub.4-10 cycloalkenyl; 5-6 membered
heterocycle; C(.dbd.O)R.sup.12; C(.dbd.S)R.sup.12; an amino acid
residue linked through a carboxyl group thereof; alternatively,
R.sup.7 and R.sup.8, together with the nitrogen to which they are
attached, combine to form a 5-6 membered heterocycle;
[0243] Each R.sup.9 and R.sup.18 is independently selected from the
group consisting of H; OH; C.sub.1-18 alkyl; C.sub.2-18 alkenyl;
C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl; C.sub.4-10 cycloalkenyl; C.sub.1-18 alkoxy;
NR.sup.15R.sup.16; aryl an amino acid residue linked through an
amino group thereof;
[0244] Each R.sup.10 and R.sup.11 is independently selected from
the group the group consisting of H; C.sub.1-18 alkyl; C.sub.1-18
alkenyl; C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl; C.sub.4-10 cycloalkenyl; aryl;
C(.dbd.O)R.sup.12; 5-6 membered heterocycle; an amino acid residue
linked through a carboxyl group thereof;
[0245] R.sup.12 is independently selected from the group consisting
of H; C.sub.1-18 alkyl; C.sub.2-18 alkenyl; aryl; C.sub.3-10
cycloalkyl; C.sub.4-10 cycloalkenyl; an amino acid residue linked
through an amino group thereof;
[0246] Each R.sup.15 and R.sup.16 is independently selected from
the group consisting of H; C.sub.1-18 alkyl; C.sub.2-18 alkenyl;
C.sub.2-18 alkynyl; aryl; C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl; C.sub.4-10
cycloalkenyl; an amino acid residue linked through a carboxyl group
thereof;
[0247] R.sup.19 is independently selected from the group consisting
of H; C.sub.1-18 alkyl, preferably C.sub.1-6 alkyl; C.sub.2-18
alkenyl; C.sub.2-18 alkynyl; C.sub.1-18 alkoxy, preferably
C.sub.1-6 alkoxy; C.sub.1-18 alkylthio; C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl;
C.sub.3-10 cycloalkenyl; C.sub.4-10 cycloalkynyl; halogen; OH; CN;
NO.sub.2; NR.sup.20R.sup.21; OCF.sub.3; haloalkyl;
C(.dbd.O)R.sup.22; C(.dbd.S)R.sup.22; SH; C(.dbd.O)N(C.sub.1-6
alkyl), N(H)S(O)(O)(C.sub.1-6 alkyl); aryl; aryloxy; arylthio;
arylalkyl; and each of said aryl, aryloxy, arylthio, arylalkyl
substituted with 1 or more halogens, particularly a phenyl
substituted with 1-2 halogens; hydroxyalkyl; 5 or 6 membered
heterocycle, oxyheterocycle or thioheterocycle each unsubstituted
or substituted with 1 or more halogens;
[0248] Each R.sup.20 and R.sup.21 is independently selected from
the group consisting of H; C.sub.1-18 alkyl, preferably C.sub.1-6
alkyl; C.sub.2-18 alkenyl; C.sub.2-18 alkynyl; aryl; C.sub.3-10
cycloalkyl; C.sub.4-10 cycloalkenyl; C(.dbd.O)R.sup.12,
C(.dbd.S)R.sup.12;
[0249] R.sup.22 is independently selected from H; OH; C.sub.1-18
alkyl; C.sub.2-18 alkenyl; C.sub.1-18 alkoxy; NR.sup.23R.sup.24;
aryl; C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl; C.sub.4-10 cycloalkenyl;
[0250] Each R.sup.23 and R.sup.24 is independently selected from
the group the group consisting of H; C.sub.1-18 alkyl, preferably
C.sub.2-3 alkyl, wherein C.sub.2-3 alkyl taken together with N of
R.sup.22 can form a saturated heterocycle, which heterocycle is
optionally substituted with OH or aryl or an amino acid
residue;
[0251] Z is selected from (.dbd.O), (.dbd.S), and
(.dbd.NR.sup.27);
[0252] R.sup.25 is selected from the group consisting of H,
C.sub.1-18 alkyl, preferably C.sub.1-4 alkyl; C.sub.3-10
cycloalkyl, such as C.sub.5-10 bicycloalkyl; C.sub.3-10
cycloalkenyl; (C.sub.3-8 cycloalkyl)-C.sub.1-3 alkyl; aryl, such as
phenyl; 5 or 6 membered heterocycle, such as pyridyl; alkylaryl,
such as benzyl; and each of said C.sub.1-18 alkyl, preferably
C.sub.1-4 alkyl, C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl, C.sub.3-10 cycloalkenyl,
(C.sub.3-8 cycloalkyl)-C.sub.1-3 alkyl, C.sub.5-10 bicycloalkyl,
adamantyl, phenyl, pyridyl and benzyl is optionally substituted
with 1-4 of each of C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, halo,
CH.sub.2OH, oxybenzyl, and OH; and heterocycle having 3 to 7 carbon
atoms, preferably a saturated heterocycle wherein the heteroatoms
are S, S(O), or S(O).sub.2 separated from the imidazopyridyl ring
nitrogen atom by at least 2 heterocycle carbon atoms; and
[0253] R.sup.27 is selected from the group consisting of H,
C.sub.1-18 alkyl, C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl, (C.sub.3-10
cycloalkyl)-C.sub.1-6 alkyl; aryl; arylalkyl, such as benzyl;
[0254] An embodiment of the present invention in its eleventh
aspect relates to compounds of the formula (A3), pharmaceutically
acceptable compositions, salts, tautomers, polymorphs and isomers
thereof and their use in a treatment of viral infection or to
manufacture a medicament to treat viral infection
##STR00008##
wherein:
[0255] U is N;
[0256] R.sup.1 is selected from hydrogen; aryl unsubstituted or
substituted with one or more R.sup.6, heterocycle unsubstituted or
substituted with one or more R.sup.6, C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl
unsubstituted or substituted with one or more R.sup.6 and
C.sub.4-10 cycloalkenyl unsubstituted or substituted with one or
more R.sup.6;
[0257] X is selected from the group consisting of a divalent,
saturated or unsaturated, substituted or unsubstituted
C.sub.1-C.sub.10 hydrocarbon group optionally including one or more
heteroatoms in the main chain (provided that the heteroatom is not
linked to N of the nucleus), said heteroatoms being selected from
the group consisting of O, S, and N; such as C.sub.1-6 alkylene,
(for example --CH.sub.2--, --CH(CF.sub.3)--,
--CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2--, --CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2--,
--CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2),
--(CH.sub.2).sub.2-4--O--(CH.sub.2).sub.2-4--,
--(CH.sub.2).sub.2-4--S--(CH.sub.2).sub.2-4--NR.sup.10--(CH.sub.2).sub.2--
4--NR.sup.10--(CH.sub.2).sub.2-4--, C.sub.3-10 cycloalkylidene,
C.sub.2-6 alkenylene (such as --CH.dbd.CH--CH.sub.2--), C.sub.2-6
alkynylene;
[0258] R.sup.2 is independently selected from the group consisting
of hydrogen C.sub.1-18 alkyl; C.sub.2-18 alkenyl; C.sub.2-18
alkynyl; C.sub.1-18 alkoxy; C.sub.1-18 alkylthio; halogen; OH; CN;
NO.sub.2; NR.sup.7R.sup.8; OCF.sub.3; haloalkyl; C(.dbd.O)R.sup.9;
C(.dbd.S)R.sup.9; SH; aryl; aryloxy; arylthio; arylalkyl;
C.sub.1-18 hydroxyalkyl; C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl; C.sub.3-10
cycloalkyloxy; C.sub.3-10 cycloalkylthio; C.sub.3-10 cycloalkenyl;
C.sub.1-10 cycloalkynyl; 5 or 6 membered heterocycle,
oxyheterocycle or thioheterocycle;
[0259] R.sup.3 is selected from the group consisting of aryl;
aryloxy; arylthio; aryl-NR.sup.10--; 5 or 6 membered heterocycle,
oxyheterocycle or thioheterocycle; and each of said aryl, aryloxy,
arylthio, aryl-NR.sup.10--, 5 or 6 membered heterocycle,
oxyheterocycle or thioheterocycle is optionally substituted with
one or more R.sup.17, C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl, oxycycloalkyl or
thiocycloalkyl; C.sub.4-10 cycloalkenyl with the proviso that the
double bond cannot be adjacent to a nitrogen; H with the proviso
that if X is an alkylene, an alkenylene or an alkynylene, then X
comprises at least 5 carbon atoms;
[0260] R.sup.5 is independently absent or selected from the group
consisting of hydrogen; C.sub.1-18 alkyl; C.sub.2-18 alkenyl;
C.sub.2-18 alkynyl; C.sub.1-18 alkoxy; C.sub.1-18 alkylthio;
halogen; OH; CN; NO.sub.2; NR.sup.7R.sup.8; OCF.sub.3; haloalkyl;
C(.dbd.O)R.sup.9; C(.dbd.S)R.sup.9; SH; aryl; aryloxy; arylthio;
arylalkyl; C.sub.1-18 hydroxyalkyl; C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl;
C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyloxy; C.sub.3-10 cycloalkylthio C.sub.3-10
cycloalkenyl; C.sub.3-10 cycloalkynyl; 5 or 6 membered heterocycle,
oxyheterocycle or thioheterocycle;
[0261] Each R.sup.6 and R.sup.17 is independently selected from the
group consisting of hydrogen; C.sub.1-18 alkyl; C.sub.2-18 alkenyl;
C.sub.2-18 alkynyl; C.sub.1-18 alkoxy; C.sub.1-18 alkylthio;
C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl, C.sub.3-10 cycloalkenyl or C.sub.3-10
cycloalkynyl; halogen; OH; CN; NO.sub.2; NR.sup.7R.sup.8;
OCF.sub.3; haloalkyl; C(.dbd.O)R.sup.9; C(.dbd.S)R.sup.9; SH; aryl;
aryloxy; arylthio; arylalkyl; arylalkyloxy (optionally a
oxybenzyl); arylalkylthio (optionally a benzylthio); 5 or 6
membered heterocycle, oxyheterocycle or thioheterocycle; C.sub.1-18
hydroxyalkyl; and each of said aryl, aryloxy, arylthio, arylalkyl,
arylalkyloxy (optionally a oxybenzyl), arylalkylthio (optionally a
benzylthio), 5 or 6 membered heterocycle, oxyheterocycle or
thioheterocycle, C.sub.1-18 hydroxyalkyl is optionally substituted
with 1 or more R.sup.19,
[0262] Each R.sup.7 and R.sup.8 is independently selected from the
group consisting of H; C.sub.1-18 alkyl; C.sub.1-18 alkenyl; aryl;
C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl; C.sub.4-10 cycloalkenyl; 5-6 membered
heterocycle; C(.dbd.O)R.sup.2; C(.dbd.S)R.sup.12; an amino acid
residue linked through a carboxyl group thereof; alternatively,
R.sup.7 and R.sup.8, together with the nitrogen to which they are
attached, combine to form a 5-6 membered heterocycle;
[0263] Each R.sup.9 and R.sup.18 is independently selected from the
group consisting of H; OH; C.sub.1-18 alkyl; C.sub.2-18 alkenyl;
C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl; C.sub.4-10 cycloalkenyl; C.sub.1-18 alkoxy;
NR.sup.15R.sup.16; aryl an amino acid residue linked through an
amino group thereof;
[0264] Each R.sup.10 and R.sup.11 is independently selected from
the group the group consisting of H; C.sub.1-18 alkyl; C.sub.1-18
alkenyl; C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl; C.sub.4-10 cycloalkenyl; aryl;
C(.dbd.O)R.sup.12; 5-6 membered heterocycle; an amino acid residue
linked through a carboxyl group thereof;
[0265] R.sup.12 is independently selected from the group consisting
of H; C.sub.1-18 alkyl; C.sub.2-18 alkenyl; aryl; C.sub.3-10
cycloalkyl; C.sub.4-10 cycloalkenyl; an amino acid residue linked
through an amino group thereof;
[0266] Each R.sup.15 and R.sup.16 is independently selected from
the group consisting of H; C.sub.1-18 alkyl; C.sub.2-18 alkenyl;
C.sub.2-18 alkynyl; aryl; C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl; C.sub.4-10
cycloalkenyl; an amino acid residue linked through a carboxyl group
thereof;
[0267] R.sup.19 is independently selected from the group consisting
of H; C.sub.1-18 alkyl, preferably C.sub.1-6 alkyl; C.sub.2-18
alkenyl; C.sub.2-18 alkynyl; C.sub.1-18 alkoxy, preferably
C.sub.1-6 alkoxy; C.sub.1-18, alkylthio; C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl;
C.sub.4-10 cycloalkenyl; C.sub.4-10 cycloalkynyl; halogen; OH; CN;
NO.sub.2; NR.sup.20R.sup.21; OCF.sub.3; haloalkyl; C(.dbd.O)R;
C(.dbd.S)R.sup.1; SH; C(.dbd.O)N(C.sub.1-4 alkyl),
N(H)S(O)(O)(C.sub.1-6 alkyl); aryl; aryloxy; arylthio; arylalkyl;
and each of said aryl, aryloxy, arylthio, arylalkyl substituted
with 1 or more halogens, particularly a phenyl substituted with 1-2
halogens; hydroxyalkyl; 5 or 6 membered heterocycle, oxyheterocycle
or thioheterocycle each unsubstituted or substituted with 1 or more
halogens;
[0268] Each R.sup.20 and R.sup.21 is independently selected from
the group consisting of H; C.sub.1-18 alkyl, preferably C.sub.1-6
alkyl; C.sub.2-18 alkenyl; C.sub.2-18 alkynyl; aryl; C.sub.3-10
cycloalkyl; C.sub.4-10 cycloalkenyl; C(.dbd.O)R.sup.12,
C(.dbd.S)R.sup.12;
[0269] R.sup.22 is independently selected from H; OH; C.sub.1-18
alkyl; C.sub.2-18 alkenyl; C.sub.1-18 alkoxy; NR.sup.23R.sup.24;
aryl; C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl; C.sub.4-10 cycloalkenyl;
[0270] Each R.sup.23 and R.sup.24 is independently selected from
the group the group consisting of H; C.sub.1-18 alkyl, preferably
C.sub.2-3 alkyl, wherein C.sub.2-3 alkyl taken together with N of
R.sup.22 can form a saturated heterocycle, which heterocycle is
optionally substituted with OH or aryl or an amino acid
residue;
[0271] Z is selected from (.dbd.O), (.dbd.S), and
(.dbd.NR.sup.27);
[0272] R.sup.26 is selected from the group consisting of H,
C.sub.1-18 alkyl, preferably C.sub.1-4 alkyl; C.sub.3-10
cycloalkyl, such as C.sub.5-10 bicycloalkyl; C.sub.3-10
cycloalkenyl; (C.sub.3-8 cycloalkyl)-C.sub.1-3 alkyl; aryl, such as
phenyl; 5 or 6 membered heterocycle, such as pyridyl; alkylaryl,
such as benzyl; and each of said C.sub.1-18 alkyl preferably
C.sub.1-18 alkyl, C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl, C.sub.3-10 cycloalkenyl,
(C.sub.3-8 cycloalkyl)-C.sub.1-3 alkyl, C.sub.5-10 bicycloalkyl,
adamantyl, phenyl, pyridyl and benzyl is optionally substituted
with 1-4 of each of C.sub.1-6 allyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, halo,
CH.sub.2OH, oxybenzyl, and OH; and heterocycle having 3 to 7 carbon
atoms, preferably a saturated heterocycle wherein the heteroatoms
are S, S(O), or S(O).sub.2 separated from the imidazopyridyl ring
nitrogen atom by at least 2 heterocycle carbon atoms; and
[0273] R.sup.27 is selected from the group consisting of H,
C.sub.1-18 alkyl, C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl, (C.sub.3-10
cycloalkyl)-C.sub.1-6 alkyl; aryl; arylalkyl, such as benzyl.
[0274] An embodiment of this invention in its twelfth aspect
relates to compounds of the general formula (B), pharmaceutically
acceptable compositions, and the antiviral use thereof.
##STR00009##
wherein:
[0275] R.sup.1 is selected from aryl, heterocycle, C.sub.3-10
cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 cycloalkenyl, and C.sub.4-10 cycloalkynyl,
wherein each are optionally substituted with 1 or 2 R.sup.6;
[0276] Y is a bond;
[0277] R.sup.2 and R.sup.4 are independently selected from
hydrogen, C.sub.1-18 alkyl, C.sub.2-18 alkenyl, C.sub.2-18 alkynyl,
C.sub.1-18 alkoxy, C.sub.1-18 alkylthio, halogen, --OH, --CN,
--NO.sub.2, --NR.sup.7R.sup.8, haloalkyloxy, haloalkyl,
--C(.dbd.O)R.sup.9, --C(.dbd.S)R.sup.9, SH, aryl, aryloxy,
arylthio, arylalkyl, C.sub.1-18 hydroxyalkyl, C.sub.3-10
cycloalkyl, C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyloxy, C.sub.3-10 cycloalkylthio,
C.sub.3-10 cycloalkenyl, C.sub.1-18 cycloalkynyl, or heterocycle,
provided that when one of R.sup.25 or R.sup.26 is present, then
either R.sup.2 or R.sup.4 is selected from (.dbd.O), (.dbd.S), and
.dbd.NR.sup.27 provided that R.sup.2 is not OH, SH, thio or
oxo;
[0278] X is selected from C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkylene, C.sub.2-3
alkenylene or C.sub.2-3 alkynylene;
[0279] R.sup.3 is selected from aryl, aryloxy, arylthio,
cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkynyl, aryl-N(R.sup.10)--, or
heterocycle, where each is optionally substituted with at least one
R.sup.17, provided that for cycloalkenyl the double bond is not
adjacent to a nitrogen;
[0280] R.sup.5 independently is absent or is selected from
hydrogen, C.sub.1-18 alkyl, C.sub.2-18 alkenyl, C.sub.2-18 alkynyl,
C.sub.1-18 alkoxy, C.sub.1-18 alkylthio, halogen, --OH, --CN,
--NO.sub.2, --NR.sup.7R.sup.8, haloalkyloxy, haloalkyl,
--C(.dbd.O)R.sup.9, --C(.dbd.O)OR.sup.9, --C(.dbd.S)R.sup.9, SH,
aryl, aryloxy, arylthio, arylalkyl, C.sub.1-18 hydroxyalkyl,
C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl, C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyloxy, C.sub.3-10
cycloalkylthio, C.sub.3-10 cycloalkenyl, C.sub.7-10 cycloalkynyl,
or heterocycle;
[0281] R.sup.6 is selected from hydrogen, C.sub.1-18 alkyl,
C.sub.2-18 alkenyl, C.sub.2-18 alkynyl, C.sub.1-18 alkoxy,
C.sub.1-18 alkylthio, C.sub.1-18 alkylsulfoxide, C.sub.1-18
alkylsulfone, C.sub.1-18 halo-alkyl, C.sub.2-18 halo-alkenyl,
C.sub.2-18 halo-alkynyl, C.sub.1-18 halo-alkoxy, C.sub.1-18
halo-alkylthio, C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl, C.sub.3-10 cycloalkenyl,
C.sub.7-10 cycloalkynyl, halogen, OH, CN, cyanoalkyl,
--CO.sub.2R.sup.18, NO.sub.2, --NR.sup.7R.sup.8, C.sub.1-18
haloalkyl, C(.dbd.O)R.sup.18, C(.dbd.S)R.sup.18, SH, aryl, aryloxy,
arylthio, arylsulfoxide, arylsulfone, arylsulfonamide,
aryl(C.sub.1-18)alkyl, aryl(C.sub.1-18)alkyloxy,
aryl(C.sub.1-18)alkylthio, heterocycle, C.sub.1-18 hydroxyalkyl,
where each may be optionally substituted with at least 1
R.sup.19;
[0282] R.sup.7 and R.sup.8 are independently selected from
hydrogen, C.sub.1-18 alkyl, C.sub.1-18 alkenyl, aryl, C.sub.3-10
cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 cycloalkenyl, heterocycle,
--C(.dbd.O)R.sup.12; --C(.dbd.S)R.sup.12, an amino acid residue
linked through a carboxyl group thereof, or where R.sup.7 and
R.sup.8 together with the nitrogen form a heterocycle;
[0283] R.sup.9 and R.sup.18 are independently selected from
hydrogen, OH, C.sub.1-18 alkyl, C.sub.2-18 alkenyl, C.sub.3-10
cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 cycloalkenyl, C.sub.1-18 alkoxy,
--NR.sup.15R.sup.16, aryl, an amino acid residue linked through an
amino group of the amino acid, CH.sub.2OCH(.dbd.O)R.sup.9a, or
CH.sub.2OC(.dbd.O)OR.sup.9a where R.sup.9a is C.sub.1-C.sub.12
alkyl, C.sub.6-C.sub.20 aryl, C.sub.6-C.sub.2, alkylaryl or
C.sub.6-C.sub.20 aralkyl;
[0284] R.sup.10 and R.sup.11 are independently selected from the
group consisting of hydrogen, C.sub.1-18 alkyl, C.sub.2-18 alkenyl,
C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 cycloalkenyl, aryl,
--C(.dbd.O)R.sup.12, heterocycle, or an amino acid residue;
[0285] R.sup.12 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen,
C.sub.1-18 alkyl, C.sub.2-18 alkenyl, aryl, C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl,
C.sub.4-10 cycloalkenyl, or an amino acid residue;
[0286] R.sup.15 and R.sup.16 are independently selected from
hydrogen, C.sub.1-18 alkyl, C.sub.1-18 alkenyl, C.sub.2-18 alkynyl,
aryl, C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl, C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl, or an amino
acid residue;
[0287] R.sup.17 is independently M-Q- wherein M is a ring
optionally substituted with 1 or more R.sup.19, and Q is a bond or
a linking group connecting M to R.sup.3 having 1 to 10 atoms
selected from C and optionally 1 or more O, N or S atoms and
optionally substituted with 1 or more R.sup.19,
[0288] R.sup.19 is selected from hydrogen, C.sub.1-18 alkyl,
C.sub.2-18 alkenyl, C.sub.2-18 alkynyl, C.sub.1-18 alkoxy,
C.sub.2-18 alkenyloxy, C.sub.2-18 alkynyloxy, C.sub.1-18 alkylthio,
C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 cycloalkenyl, C.sub.4-10
cycloalkynyl, halogen, --OH, --CN, cyanoalkyl, --NO.sub.2,
--NR.sup.20R.sup.21, C.sub.1-18 haloalkyl, C.sub.1-18 haloalkyloxy,
--C(.dbd.O)R.sup.18, --C(.dbd.O)OR.sup.18,
-OalkenylC(.dbd.O)OR.sup.18, -OalkylC(.dbd.O)NR.sup.20R.sup.21,
-OalkylOC(.dbd.O)R.sup.18, --C(.dbd.S)R.sup.18, SH,
--C(.dbd.O)N(C.sub.1-6 alkyl), --N(H)S(O)(O)(C.sub.1-6 alkyl),
aryl, heterocycle, C.sub.1-18 alkylsulfone, arylsulfoxide,
arylsulfonamide, aryl(C.sub.1-18)alkyloxy, aryloxy, aryl(C.sub.1-18
alkyl)oxy, arylthio, aryl(C.sub.1-18)alkylthio or
aryl(C.sub.1-18)alkyl, where each may be optionally substituted
with 1 or more .dbd.O, NR.sup.20R.sup.21, CN, C.sub.1-18 alkoxy,
heterocycle, C.sub.1-18 haloalkyl, heterocycle alkyl, heterocycle
connected to R.sup.17 by alkyl, alkoxyalkoxy or halogen;
[0289] R.sup.25 and R.sup.26 are independently selected from
hydrogen, C.sub.1-18 alkyl, C.sub.2-18 alkenyl, C.sub.2-18 alkynyl,
aryl, C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 cycloalkenyl,
--C(.dbd.O)R.sup.12, or --C(.dbd.S)R.sup.12;
[0290] R.sup.25 and R.sup.26 are independently not present or are
selected from hydrogen, C.sub.1-18 alkyl, C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl,
aryl and heterocycle, where each is optionally independently
substituted with 1 to 4 of C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, halo,
CH.sub.2OH, benzyloxy, and OH; and
[0291] R.sup.27 is selected from hydrogen, C.sub.1-18 alkyl,
C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl, (C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl)-C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
aryl, and aryl C.sub.1-18 alkyl, and salts, tautomers, polymorphs,
isomers and solvates thereof.
[0292] The various embodiments above represent subgeneric groups of
compounds. However, it will be understood that the compounds of
this invention also comprise other subgeneric classes in which
various substitutent groups are mixed and matched from any of the
foregoing subgeneric groups, i.e., additional classes of compounds
falling within the scope of this invention optionally will contain
R.sup.19 from the main embodiment (claim 1) but also a narrower Y
group (e.g., Y=bond) from another disclosed embodiment, in any
combination or permutation.
Utilities
[0293] The compounds of this invention, or the metabolites produced
from these compounds in vivo, have a large number of uses. They are
useful in immunology, chromatography, diagnostics and therapeutics,
among other fields.
[0294] The compounds of the formulas of this invention are
conjugated to immunogenic polypeptides as a reagent for eliciting
antibodies capable of binding specifically to the polypeptide, to
the compounds or to their metabolic products which retain
immunologically recognized epitopes (sites of antibody binding).
These immunogenic compositions therefore are useful as
intermediates in the preparation of antibodies for use in
diagnostics, quality control, or the like, or in assays for the
compounds of the formulas of this invention or their novel
metabolic products. The compounds are useful for raising antibodies
against otherwise non-immunogenic polypeptides, in that the
compounds serve as haptenic sites stimulating an immune response
which cross-reacts with the unmodified conjugated protein.
[0295] Conjugates of the compounds of the formulas of this
invention with immunogenic polypeptides such as albumin or keyhole
limpet hemocyanin generally are useful as immunogens. The
polypeptides are conjugated at the same sites denoted for amino
acids. The metabolic products described above may retain a
substantial degree of immunological cross reactivity with the
compounds of the invention. Thus, the antibodies of this invention
will be capable of binding to the unprotected compounds of the
invention without binding to the protected compounds. Alternatively
the metabolic products will be capable of binding to the protected
compounds and/or the metabolitic products without binding to the
protected compounds of the invention, or will be capable of binding
specifically to any one or all three. The antibodies desirably will
not substantially cross-react with naturally-occurring materials.
Substantial cross-reactivity is reactivity under specific assay
conditions for specific analytes sufficient to interfere with the
assay results.
[0296] The immunogens of this invention contain the compound of
this invention presenting the desired epitope in association with
an immunogenic substance. Within the context of the invention such
association means covalent bonding to form an immunogenic conjugate
(when applicable) or a mixture of non-covalently bonded materials,
or a combination of the above. Immunogenic substances include
adjuvants such as Freund's adjuvant, immunogenic proteins such as
viral, bacterial, yeast, plant and animal polypeptides, in
particular keyhole limpet hemocyanin, serum albumin, bovine
thyroglobulin or soybean trypsin inhibitor, and immunogenic
polysaccharides. Typically, the compound having the structure of
the desired epitope is covalently conjugated to an immunogenic
polypeptide or polysaccharide by the use of a polyfunctional
(ordinarily bifunctional) cross-linking agent. Methods for the
manufacture of hapten immunogens are conventional per se, and any
of the methods used heretofore for conjugating haptens to
immunogenic polypeptides or the like are suitably employed here as
well, taking into account the functional groups on the precursors
or hydrolytic products which are available for cross-linking and
the likelihood of producing antibodies specific to the epitope in
question as opposed to the immunogenic substance.
[0297] Typically the polypeptide is conjugated to a site on the
compound of the invention distant from the epitope to be
recognized.
[0298] The conjugates are prepared in conventional fashion. For
example, the cross-linking agents N-hydroxysuccinimide, succinic
anhydride or alkN=C=Nalk are useful in preparing the conjugates of
this invention. The conjugates comprise a compound of the invention
attached by a bond or a linking group of 1-100, typically, 1-25,
more typically 1-10 carbon atoms to the immunogenic substance. The
conjugates are separated from starting materials and by products
using chromatography or the like, and then are sterile filtered and
vialed for storage.
[0299] Animals are typically immunized against the immunogenic
conjugates or derivatives and antisera or monoclonal antibodies
prepared in conventional fashion.
[0300] The compounds of this invention are useful as linkers,
spacers or affinity (typically hydrophobic) moieties in preparing
affinity absorption matrices. The compounds of the invention
optionally are bound covalently to an insoluble matrix and used for
affinity chromatography separations, depending on the nature of the
groups of the compounds, for example compounds with pendant aryl
groups are useful in making hydrophobic affinity columns.
[0301] They also are useful as linkers and spacers in preparing
immobilized enzymes for process control, or in making immunoassay
reagents. The compounds herein contain functional groups that are
suitable as sites for cross-linking desired substances. For
example, it is conventional to link affinity reagents such as
hormones, peptides, antibodies, drugs, and the like to insoluble
substrates. These insolublized reagents are employed in known
fashion to absorb binding partners for the affinity reagents from
manufactured preparations, diagnostic samples and other impure
mixtures. Similarly, immobilized enzymes are used to perform
catalytic conversions with facile recovery of enzyme. Bifunctional
compounds are commonly used to link analytes to detectable groups
in preparing diagnostic reagents.
[0302] The compounds of this invention are labeled with detectable
moieties such biotin, radioisotopes, enzymes and the like for
diagnostic purposes. Suitable techniques for accomplishing the
labeling of the compounds of the formulas of this invention are
well known and will be apparent to the artisan from consideration
of this specification as a whole. For example, one suitable site
for labeling is R.sup.17 or R.sup.19.
[0303] More typically, however, the compounds of the invention are
employed for the treatment or prophylaxis of viral infections such
as yellow fever virus, Dengue virus, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis G
virus, Classical Swine Fever virus or the Border Disease Virus, but
more particularly Flaviviral or Picornaviral infections, in
particular, HCV and BVDV.
[0304] The therapeutic compound(s) of this invention are
administered to a subject mammal (including a human) by any means
well known in the art, i.e. orally, intranasally, subcutaneously,
intramuscularly, intradermally, intravenously, intra-arterially,
parenterally or by catheterization. The therapeutically effective
amount of the compound(s) is a Plaviviral or Picornaviral growth
inhibiting amount. More preferably, it is a Flaviviral or
Picornaviral replication inhibiting amount or a Flaviviral or
Picornaviral enzyme inhibiting amount of the compounds of the
formulas of this invention. This is believed to correspond to an
amount which ensures a plasma level of between about 1 .mu.g/ml and
100 mg/ml, optionally of 10 mg/ml. This optionally is achieved by
administration of a dosage of in the range of 0.001 mg to 60 mg,
preferably 0.01 mg to 10 mg, preferably 0.1 mg to 1 mg per day per
kg bodyweight for humans. These are starting points for determining
the optimal dosage of the compound of this invention. The actual
amount will depend upon many factors known to the artisan,
including bioavailability of the compound, whether it contains a
prodrug functionality, its metabolism and distribution in the
subject and its potency, among others. It typically is necessary to
determine the proper dosing in the clinical setting, and this is
well within the skill of the ordinary artisan. The therapeutically
effective amount of the compound(s) of this invention optionally
are divided into several sub-units per day or are administered at
daily or more than one day intervals, depending upon the pathologic
condition to be treated, the patient's condition and the nature of
the compound of this invention.
[0305] As is conventional in the art, the evaluation of a
synergistic effect in a drug combination may be made by analyzing
the quantification of the interactions between individual drugs,
using the median effect principle described by Chou et al. in Adv.
Enzyme Reg. (1984) 22:27 or tests such as, but not limited to, the
isobologram method, as previously described by Elion et al. in J.
Biol. Chem. (1954) 208:477-488 and by Baba et al. in Antimicrob.
Agents Chemother. (1984) 25:515-517, using EC.sub.50 for
calculating the fractional inhibitory concentration.
[0306] Suitable anti-viral agents for inclusion in combination
antiviral compositions or for coadministration in a course of
therapy include, for instance, interferon alpha, ribavirin, a
compound falling within the scope of disclosure of EP 1162196, WO
03/010141, WO 03/007945, WO04/005286 and WO 03/010140, a compound
falling within the scope of disclosure of WO 00/204425, and other
patents or patent applications within their patent families, in
amounts of 1 to 99.9% by weight compound of this invention,
preferably from 1 to 99% by weight, more preferably from 5 to 95%
by weight as can be readily determined by one skilled in the art.
Such co-administered agents need not be formulated in the same
dosage form as the compound of the invention. They optionally are
simply administered to the subject in the course of treatment along
with a course of treatment with a compound of formula (A).
[0307] The present invention further provides veterinary
compositions comprising at least one active ingredient as above
defined together with a veterinary carrier therefore, for example
in the treatment of BVDV. Veterinary carriers are materials useful
for the purpose of administering the composition and are excipients
which are otherwise inert or acceptable in the veterinary art and
are compatible with the compound of this invention. These
veterinary compositions may be administered orally, parenterally or
by any other desired route.
[0308] The compounds of the invention optionally are bound
covalently to an insoluble matrix and used for affinity
chromatography (separations, depending on the nature of the groups
of the compounds, for example compounds with pendant aryl are
useful in hydrophobic affinity separations.
[0309] The compounds of the invention are employed for the
treatment or prophylaxis of viral infections, more particularly
Flaviviral or Picotnaviral infections, in particular, HCV and BVDV.
When using one or more derivatives of the formula (A) as defined
herein: [0310] the active ingredients of the compound(s) may be
administered to the mammal (including a human) to be treated by any
means well known in the art, i.e. orally, intranasally,
subcutaneously, intramuscularly, intradermally, intravenously,
intra-arterially, parenterally or by catheterization. [0311] the
therapeutically effective amount of the preparation of the
compound(s), especially for the treatment of viral infections in
humans and other mammals, preferably is a Flaviviral or
Picornaviral enzyme inhibiting amount. More preferably, it is a
Flaviviral or Picornaviral replication inhibiting amount or a
Flaviviral or Picornaviral enzyme inhibiting amount of the
derivative(s) of formula (A) as defined herein corresponds to an
amount which ensures a plasma level of between 1 .mu.g/ml and 100
mg/ml, optionally of 10 mg/ml. This can be achieved by
administration of a dosage of in the range of 0.001 mg to 20 mg,
preferably 0.01 mg to 5 mg, preferably 0.1 mg to 1 mg per day per
kg bodyweight for humans. Depending upon the pathologic condition
to be treated and the patient's condition, the said effective
amount may be divided into several sub-units per day or may be
administered at more than one day intervals.
[0312] The present invention further relates to a method for
preventing or treating a viral infections in a subject or patient
by administering to the patient in need thereof a therapeutically
effective amount imidazo[4,5-d]pyrimidine derivatives of the
present invention. The therapeutically effective amount of the
preparation of the compound(s), especially for the treatment of
viral infections in humans and other mammals, preferably is a
Flaviviral or Picornaviral enzyme inhibiting amount. More
preferably, it is a Flaviviral or Picornaviral replication
inhibiting amount or a Flaviviral or Picornaviral enzyme inhibiting
amount of the derivative(s) of formula (A) as defined herein.
Suitable dosage is usually in the range of 0.001 mg to 60 mg,
optionally 0.01 mg to 10 mg, optionally 0.1 mg to 1 mg per day per
kg bodyweight for humans. Depending upon the pathologic condition
to be treated and the patient's condition, the said effective
amount may be divided into several sub-units per day or may be
administered at more than one day intervals.
[0313] This principle may be applied to a combination of different
antiviral drugs of the invention or to a combination of the
antiviral drugs of the invention with other drugs that exhibit
anti-BVDV or anti-HCV activity.
[0314] The invention thus relates to a pharmaceutical composition
or combined preparation having synergistic effects against a viral
infection and containing: Either:
[0315] A) a combination of two or more of the
imidazo[4,5-d]pyrimidine derivatives of the present invention,
and
[0316] B) optionally one or more pharmaceutical excipients or
pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, for simultaneous, separate or
sequential use in the treatment or prevention of a viral infection,
or
[0317] C) one or more anti-viral agents, and
[0318] D) at least one of the imidazo[4,5-d]pyrimidine derivatives
of the present invention, and
[0319] E) optionally one or more pharmaceutical excipients or
pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, for simultaneous, separate or
sequential use in the treatment or prevention of a viral
infection.
[0320] Suitable anti-viral agents for inclusion into the
synergistic antiviral compositions or combined preparations of this
invention include, for instance, interferon-alfa (either pegylated
or not), ribavirin and other selective inhibitors of the
replication of BVDV or HCV.
[0321] The pharmaceutical composition or combined preparation with
synergistic activity against viral infection according to this
invention may contain the imidazo[4,5-d]pyrimidine derivatives of
the present invention over a broad content range depending on the
contemplated use and the expected effect of the preparation.
Generally, the content of the imidazo[4,5-d]pyrimidine derivatives
of the present invention of the combined preparation is within the
range of 0.1 to 99.9% by weight, preferably from 1 to 99% by
weight, more preferably from 5 to 95% by weight.
[0322] According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the
compounds of the invention may be employed in combination with
other therapeutic agents for the treatment or prophylaxis of
Flaviviral or Picornaviral infections, optionally, HCV and BVDV.
The invention therefore relates to the use of a composition
comprising:
[0323] (a) one or more compounds of the formulas of this invention,
and
[0324] (b) one or more Flaviviral or Picornaviral enzyme inhibitors
as biologically active agents in respective proportions such as to
provide a synergistic effect against a viral infection,
particularly a Flaviviral or Picornaviral infection in a mammal,
for instance in the form of a combined preparation for
simultaneous, separate or sequential use in viral infection
therapy, such as of HCV, BVDV and Coxsackie virus. Examples of such
further therapeutic agents for use in combinations include agents
that are effective for the treatment or prophylaxis of these
infections, including interferon alpha, ribavirin, a compound
falling within the scope of disclosure EP 1162196, WO 03/010141, WO
03/007945, WO04/005286 and WO 03/010140, a compound falling within
the scope of disclosure WO 00/204425, and other patents or patent
applications within their patent families or all the foregoing
filings and/or an inhibitor of Flaviviral protease and/or one or
more additional Flavivirus polymerase inhibitors. When using a
combined preparation of (a) and (b): [0325] the active ingredients
(a) and (b) may be administered to the mammal (including a human)
to be treated by any means well known in the art, i.e. orally,
intranasally, subcutaneously, intramuscularly, intradermally,
intravenously, intra-arterially, parenterally or by
catheterization. [0326] the therapeutically effective amount of the
combined preparation of (a) and (b), especially for the treatment
of viral infections in humans and other mammals, particularly is a
Flaviviral or Picornaviral enzyme inhibiting amount. More
particularly, it is a Flaviviral or Picornaviral replication
inhibiting amount of derivative (a) and a Flaviviral or
Picornaviral enzyme inhibiting amount of inhibitor (b). Still more
particularly when the said Flaviviral or Picornaviral enzyme
inhibitor (b) is a polymerase inhibitor, its effective amount is a
polymerase inhibiting amount. When the said Flaviviral or
Picornaviral enzyme inhibitor (b) is a protease inhibitor, its
effective amount is a protease inhibiting amount. [0327]
ingredients (a) and (b) may be administered simultaneously but it
is also beneficial to administer them separately or sequentially,
for instance within a relatively short period of time (e.g. within
about 24 hours) in order to achieve their functional fusion in the
body to be treated.
[0328] The invention also relates to the compounds of the formulas
of this invention being used for inhibition of the proliferation of
other viruses than BVDV, HCV or Coxsackie virus, particularly for
the inhibition of other flaviviruses or picornaviruses, with in
particular yellow fever virus, Dengue virus, hepatitis B virus,
hepatitis G virus, Classical Swine Fever virus or the Border
Disease Virus, and also for the inhibition of HIV and other
retroviruses or lentiviruses.
[0329] More generally, the invention relates to the compounds of
the formulas of this invention being useful as agents having
biological activity (particularly antiviral activity) or as
diagnostic agents. Any of the uses mentioned with respect to the
present invention may be restricted to a non-medical use, a
non-therapeutic use, a non-diagnostic use, or exclusively an in
vitro use, or a use related to cells remote from an animal.
Salts and Solvates
[0330] The term "pharmaceutically acceptable salts" as used herein
means the therapeutically active non-toxic salt forms formed by the
compounds of the compounds of this invention. Such salts may
include those derived by combination of appropriate cations such as
alkali and alkaline earth metal ions or ammonium and quaternary
amino ions with an acid anion moiety, typically a carboxylic
acid.
[0331] The compounds of the invention may bear multiple positive or
negative charges. The net charge of the compounds of the invention
may be either positive or negative. Any associated counter ions are
typically dictated by the synthesis and/or isolation methods by
which the compounds are obtained. Typical counter ions include, but
are not limited to ammonium, sodium, potassium, lithium, halides,
acetate, trifluoroacetate, etc., and mixtures thereof. It will be
understood that the identity of any associated counter ion is not a
critical feature of the invention, and that the invention
encompasses the compounds in association with any type of counter
ion. Moreover, as the compounds can exist in a variety of different
forms, the invention is intended to encompass not only forms of the
compounds that are in association with counter ions (e.g., dry
salts), but also forms that are not in association with counter
ions (e.g., aqueous or organic solutions).
[0332] The compounds of this invention include the solvates formed
with the compounds of this invention and their salts, such as for
example hydrates, alcoholates and the like. The compositions herein
comprise compounds of the invention in their un-ionized, as well as
zwitterionic form, and combinations with stoichiometric amounts of
water as in hydrates.
[0333] Also included within the scope of this invention are the
salts of the compounds of this invention with one or more amino
acids as described above. The amino acid typically is one bearing a
side chain with a basic or acidic group, e.g., lysine, arginine or
glutamic acid, or a neutral group such as glycine, serine,
threonine, alanine, isoleucine, or leucine.
[0334] Salts of acids or bases which are not physiologically
acceptable may also find use, for example, in the preparation or
purification of a compound of this invention. All salts, whether or
not derived form a physiologically acceptable acid or base, are
within the scope of the present invention.
[0335] The compounds of this invention optionally comprise salts of
the compounds herein, especially pharmaceutically acceptable
non-toxic salts containing, for example, Na+, Li+, K+, Ca+2 and
Mg+2. Such salts may include those derived by combination of
appropriate cations such as alkali and alkaline earth metal ions or
ammonium and quaternary amino ions with an acid anion moiety,
typically a carboxylic acid. The compounds of the invention may
bear multiple positive or negative charges. The net charge of the
compounds of the invention may be either positive or negative. Any
associated counter ions are typically dictated by the synthesis
and/or isolation methods by which the compounds are obtained.
Typical counter ions include, but are not limited to ammonium,
sodium, potassium, lithium, halides, acetate, trifluoroacetate,
etc., and mixtures thereof. It will be understood that the identity
of any associated counter ion is not a critical feature of the
invention, and that the invention encompasses the compounds in
association with any type of counter ion. Moreover, as the
compounds can exist in a variety of different forms, the invention
is intended to encompass not only forms of the compounds that are
in association with counter ions (e.g., dry salts), but also forms
that are not in association with counter ions (e.g., aqueous or
organic solutions).
[0336] Metal salts typically are prepared by reacting the metal
hydroxide with a compound of this invention. Examples of metal
salts which are prepared in this way are salts containing Li+, Na+,
Ca+2 and Mg+2 and K+. A less soluble metal salt can be precipitated
from the solution of a more soluble salt by addition of the
suitable metal compound. In addition, salts may be formed from acid
addition of certain organic and inorganic acids to basic centers,
typically amines, or to acidic groups. Examples of such appropriate
acids include, for instance, inorganic acids such as hydrohalogen
acids, e.g. hydrochloric or hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, nitric
acid, phosphoric acid and the like; or organic acids such as, for
example, acetic, propanoic, hydroxyacetic, benzoic,
2-hydroxypropanoic, 2-oxopropanoic, lactic, fumaric, tartaric,
pyruvic, maleic, malonic, malic, salicylic (i.e. 2-hydroxybenzoic),
p-aminosalicylic, isethionic, lactobionic, succinic oxalic and
citric acids; organic sulfonic acids, such as methanesulfonic,
ethanesulfonic, benzenesulfonic and p-toluenesulfonic acids; and
inorganic acids, such as hydrochloric, sulfuric, phosphoric and
sulfamic acids, C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkylsulfonic, benzenesulfonic,
p-toluenesulfonic, cyclohexanesulfamic, and the like. Exemplary
salts include mesylate and HCl.
[0337] Also included within the scope of this invention are the
salts of the parental compounds with one or more amino acids,
especially the naturally-occurring amino acids found as protein
components. The amino acid typically is one bearing a side chain
with a basic or acidic group, e.g., lysine, arginine or glutamic
acid, or a neutral group such as glycine, serine, threonine,
alanine, isoleucine, or leucine.
[0338] The compounds of the invention also include physiologically
acceptable salts thereof. Examples of physiologically acceptable
salts of the compounds of the invention include salts derived from
an appropriate base, such as an alkali metal (for example, sodium),
an alkaline earth (for example, magnesium), ammonium and
NX4+(wherein X is C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkyl). Physiologically
acceptable salts of an hydrogen atom or an amino group include
salts of organic carboxylic acids such as acetic, benzoic, lactic,
fumaric, tartaric, maleic, malonic, malic, isethionic, lactobionic
and succinic acids; organic sulfonic acids, such as
methanesulfonic, ethanesulfonic, benzenesulfonic and
p-toluenesulfonic acids; and inorganic acids, such as hydrochloric,
sulfuric, phosphoric and sulfamic acids. Physiologically acceptable
salts of a compound containing a hydroxy group include the anion of
said compound in combination with a suitable cation such as Na+ and
NX4+ (wherein X typically is independently selected from H or a
C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkyl group). However, salts of acids or bases
which are not physiologically acceptable may also find use, for
example, in the preparation or purification of a physiologically
acceptable compound. All salts, whether or not derived form a
physiologically acceptable acid or base, are within the scope of
the present invention.
Isomers
[0339] The term "isomers" as used herein means all possible
isomeric forms, including tautomeric and stereochemical forms,
which the compounds of the formulas of this invention may possess,
but not including position isomers. Typically, the structures shown
herein exemplify only one tautomeric or resonance form of the
compounds, but the corresponding alternative configurations are
contemplated as well. Unless otherwise stated, the chemical
designation of compounds denotes the mixture of all possible
stereochemically isomeric forms, said mixtures containing all
diastereomers and enantiomers (since the compounds of the formulas
of this invention may have one or more chiral centers), as well as
the stereochemically pure or enriched isomers. More particularly,
stereogenic centers may have either the R- or S-configuration, and
double or triple bonds optionally are in either the cis- or
trans-configuration.
[0340] Enriched isomeric forms of a compound of this invention are
defined as a single isomer substantially free of the compound's
other enantiomers or diastereomers. In particular, the term
"stereoisomerically enriched" or "chirally enriched" relates to
compounds having a single stereoisomeric proportion of at least
about 80% (i.e. at least 90% of one isomer and at most 10% of the
other possible isomers), preferably at least 90%, more preferably
at least 94% and most preferably at least 97%. The terms
"enantiomerically pure" and "diastereomerically pure" contain
undetectable levels of any other isomer.
[0341] Separation of stereoisomers is accomplished by standard
methods known to those in the art. One enantiomer of a compound of
the invention can be separated substantially free of its opposing
enantiomer by a method such as formation of diastereomers using
optically active resolving agents ("Stereochemistry of Carbon
Compounds," (1962) by E. L. Eliel, McGraw Hill; Lochmuller, C. H.,
(1975) J. Chromatogr., 113:(3) 283-302). Separation of isomers in a
mixture can be accomplished by any suitable method, including: (1)
formation of ionic, diastereomeric salts with chiral compounds and
separation by fractional crystallization or other methods, (2)
formation of diastereomeric compounds with chiral derivatizing
reagents, separation of the diastereomers, and conversion to the
pure enantiomers, or (3) enantiomers can be separated directly
under chiral conditions. Under method (1), diastereomeric salts can
be formed by reaction of enantiomerically pure chiral bases such as
brucine, quinine, ephedrine, strychnine,
a-methyl-b-phenylethylamine (amphetamine), and the like with
asymmetric compounds bearing an acidic functionality, such as
carboxylic acid and sulfonic acid.
[0342] The diastereomeric salts optionally are induced to separate
by fractional crystallization or ionic chromatography. For
separation of the optical isomers of amino compounds, addition of
chiral carboxylic or sulfonic acids, such as camphorsulfonic acid,
tartaric acid, mandelic acid, or lactic acid can result in
formation of the diastereomeric salts. Alternatively, by method
(2), the substrate to be resolved may be reacted with one
enantiomer of a chiral compound to form a diastereomeric pair
(Eliel, E. and Wilen, S. (1994). Stereochemistry of Organic
Compounds, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., p. 322). Diastereomeric
compounds can be formed by reacting asymmetric compounds with
enantiomerically pure chiral derivatizing reagents, such as menthyl
derivatives, followed by separation of the diastereomers and
hydrolysis to yield the free, enantiomerically enriched xanthene. A
method of determining optical purity involves making chiral esters,
such as a menthyl ester or Mosher ester,
a-methoxy-a-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl acetate Jacob III. (1982) J.
Org. Chem. 47:4165), of the racemic mixture, and analyzing the NMR
spectrum for the presence of the two atropisomeric diastereomers.
Stable diastereomers can be separated and isolated by normal- and
reverse-phase chromatography following methods for separation of
atropisomeric naphthyl-isoquinolines (Hoye, T., WO 96/15111). Under
method (3), a racemic mixture of two asymmetric enantiomers is
separated by chromatography using a chiral stationary phase.
Suitable chiral stationary phases are, for example,
polysaccharides, in particular cellulose or amylose derivatives.
Commercially available polysaccharide based chiral stationary
phases are ChiralCeI.TM. CA, OA, OB5, OC5, OD, OF, OG, OJ and OK,
and Chiralpak.TM. AD, AS, OP(+) and OT(+). Appropriate eluents or
mobile phases for use in combination with said polysaccharide
chiral stationary phases are hexane and the like, modified with an
alcohol such as ethanol, isopropanol and the like. ("Chiral Liquid
Chromatography" (1989) W. J. Lough, Ed. Chapman and Hall, New York;
Okamoto, (1990). "Optical resolution of dihydropyridine enantiomers
by High-performance liquid chromatography using phenylcarbamates of
polysaccharides as a chiral stationary phase", J. of Chromatogr.
513:375-378).
[0343] As used herein and unless otherwise stated, the term
"enantiomer" means each individual optically active form of a
compound of the invention, having an optical purity or enantiomeric
excess (as determined by methods standard in the art) of at least
80% (i.e. at least 90% of one enantiomer and at most 10% of the
other enantiomer), preferably at least 90% and more preferably at
least 98%.
[0344] The term "isomers" as used herein means all possible
isomeric forms, including tautomeric and sterochemical forms, which
the compounds of the formulas of this invention may possess, but
not including position isomers. Typically, the structures shown
herein exemplify only one tautomeric or resonance form of the
compounds, but the corresponding alternative configurations are
contemplated as well. Unless otherwise stated, the chemical
designation of compounds denotes the mixture of all possible
stereochemically isomeric forms, said mixtures containing all
diastereomers and enantiomers (since the compounds of the formulas
of this invention may have at least one chiral center) of the basic
molecular structure, as well as the stereochemically pure or
enriched compounds. More particularly, stereogenic centers may have
either the R- or S-configuration, and multiple bonds may have
either cis- or trans-configuration.
[0345] Pure isomeric forms of the said compounds are defined as
isomers substantially free of other enantiomeric or diastereomeric
forms of the same basic molecular structure. In particular, the
term "stereoisomerically pure" or "chirally pure" relates to
compounds having a stereoisomeric excess of at least about 80%
(i.e. at least 90% of one isomer and at most 10% of the other
possible isomers), preferably at least 90%, more preferably at
least 94% and most preferably at least 97%. The terms
"enantiomerically pure" and "diastereomerically pure" should be
understood in a similar way, having regard to the enantiomeric
excess, respectively the diastereomeric excess, of the mixture in
question.
[0346] Separation of stereoisomers is accomplished by standard
methods known to those in the art. One enantiomer of a compound of
the invention can be separated substantially free of its opposing
enantiomer by a method such as formation of diastereomers using
optically active resolving agents ("Stereochemistry of Carbon
Compounds," (1962) by E. L. Eliel, McGraw Hill; Lochmuller, C. H.,
(1975) J. Chromatogr., 113:(3) 283-302). Separation of isomers in a
mixture can be accomplished by any suitable method, including: (1)
formation of ionic, diastereomeric salts with chiral compounds and
separation by fractional crystallization or other methods, (2)
formation of diastereomeric compounds with chiral derivatizing
reagents, separation of the diastereomers, and conversion to the
pure enantiomers, or (3) enantiomers can be separated directly
under chiral conditions. Under method (1), diastereomeric salts can
be formed by reaction of enantiomerically pure chiral bases such as
brucine, quinine, ephedrine, strychnine,
a-methyl-b-phenylethylamine (amphetamine), and the like with
asymmetric compounds bearing acidic functionality, such as
carboxylic acid and sulfonic acid. The diastereomeric salts may be
induced to separate by fractional crystallization or ionic
chromatography. For separation of the optical isomers of amino
compounds, addition of chiral carboxylic or sulfonic acids, such as
camphorsulfonic acid, tartaric acid, mandelic acid, or lactic acid
can result in formation of the diastereomeric salts. Alternatively,
by method (2), the substrate to be resolved may be reacted with one
enantiomer of a chiral compound to form a diastereomeric pair
(Eliel, E. and Wilen, S. (1994) Stereochemistry of Organic
Compounds, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., p. 322). Diastereomeric
compounds can be formed by reacting asymmetric compounds with
enantiomerically pure chiral derivatizing reagents, such as menthyl
derivatives, followed by separation of the diastereomers and
hydrolysis to yield the free, enantiomerically enriched xanthene. A
method of determining optical purity involves making chiral esters,
such as a menthyl ester or Mosher ester,
a-methoxy-a-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl acetate Jacob III. (1982) J.
Org. Chem. 47:4165), of the racemic mixture, and analyzing the NMR
spectrum for the presence of the two atropisomeric diastereomers.
Stable diastereomers can be separated and isolated by normal- and
reverse-phase chromatography following methods for separation of
atropisomeric naphthyl-isoquinolines (Hoye, T., WO 96/15111). Under
method (3), a racemic mixture of two asymmetric enantiomers is
separated by chromatography using a chiral stationary phase.
Suitable chiral stationary phases are, for example,
polysaccharides, in particular cellulose or amylose derivatives.
Commercially available polysaccharide based chiral stationary
phases are ChiralCeI.TM. CA, OA, OB5, OC5, OD, OF, OG, OJ and OK,
and Chiralpak.TM. AD, AS, OP(+) and OT(+). Appropriate eluents or
mobile phases for use in combination with said polysaccharide
chiral stationary phases are hexane and the like, modified with an
alcohol such as ethanol, isopropanol and the like. ("Chiral Liquid
Chromatography" (1989) W. J. Lough, Ed. Chapman and Hall, New York;
Okamoto, (1990) "Optical resolution of dihydropyridine enantiomers
by High-performance liquid chromatography using phenylcarbamates of
polysaccharides as a chiral stationary phase", J. of Chromatogr.
513:375-378).
[0347] The terms cis and trans are used herein in accordance with
Chemical Abstracts nomenclature and include reference to the
position of the substituents on a ring moiety. The absolute
stereochemical configuration of the compounds of formula (1) may
easily be determined by those skilled in the art while using
well-known methods such as, for example, X-ray diffraction.
Metabolites
[0348] The present invention also provides the in vivo metabolic
products of the compounds described herein, to the extent such
products are novel and unobvious over the prior art. Such products
may result for example from the oxidation; reduction, hydrolysis,
amidation, esterification and the like of the administered
compound, primarily due to enzymatic processes. Accordingly, the
invention includes novel and unobvious compounds produced by a
process comprising contacting a compound of this invention with a
mammal for a period of time sufficient to yield a metabolic product
thereof. Such products typically are identified by preparing a
radiolabelled (e.g. C14 or H3) compound of the invention,
administering it parenterally in a detectable dose (e.g. greater
than about 0.5 mg/kg) to an animal such as rat, mouse, guinea pig,
monkey, or to man, allowing sufficient time for metabolism to occur
(typically about 30 seconds to 30 hours) and isolating its
conversion products from the urine, blood or other biological
samples. These products are easily isolated since they are labeled
(others are isolated by the use of antibodies capable of binding
epitopes surviving in the metabolite). The metabolite structures
are determined in conventional fashion, e.g. by MS or NMR analysis.
In general, analysis of metabolites is done in the same way as
conventional drug metabolism studies well-known to those skilled in
the art. The conversion products, so long as they are not otherwise
found in vivo, are useful in diagnostic assays for therapeutic
dosing of the compounds of the invention even if they possess no
antiviral activity of their own.
Formulations
[0349] The compounds of the invention optionally are formulated
with conventional pharmaceutical carriers and excipients, which
will be selected in accord with ordinary practice. Tablets will
contain excipients, glidants, fillers, binders and the like.
Aqueous formulations are prepared in sterile form, and when
intended for delivery by other than oral administration generally
will be isotonic. Formulations optionally contain excipients such
as those set forth in the "Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients"
(1986) and include ascorbic acid and other antioxidants, chelating
agents such as EDTA, carbohydrates such as dextrin,
hydroxyalkylcellulose, hydroxyalkylmethylcellulose, stearic acid
and the like.
[0350] Subsequently, the term "pharmaceutically acceptable carrier"
as used herein means any material or substance with which the
active ingredient is formulated in order to facilitate its
application or dissemination to the locus to be treated, for
instance by dissolving, dispersing or diffusing the said
composition, and/or to facilitate its storage, transport or
handling without impairing its effectiveness. The pharmaceutically
acceptable carrier may be a solid or a liquid or a gas which has
been compressed to form a liquid, i.e. the compositions of this
invention can suitably be used as concentrates, emulsions,
solutions, granulates, dusts, sprays, aerosols, suspensions,
ointments, creams, tablets, pellets or powders.
[0351] Suitable pharmaceutical carriers for use in the said
pharmaceutical compositions and their formulation are well known to
those skilled in the art, and there is no particular restriction to
their selection within the present invention. They may also include
additives such as wetting agents, dispersing agents, stickers,
adhesives, emulsifying agents, solvents, coatings, antibacterial
and antifungal agents (for example phenol, sorbic acid,
chlorobutanol), isotonic agents (such as sugars or sodium chloride)
and the like, provided the same are consistent with pharmaceutical
practice, i.e. carriers and additives which do not create permanent
damage to mammals. The pharmaceutical compositions of the present
invention may be prepared in any known manner, for instance by
homogeneously mixing, coating and/or grinding the active
ingredients, in a one-step or multi-steps procedure, with the
selected carrier material. Where appropriate, the other additives
such as surface-active agents are prepared by micronisation, for
instance in view to obtain them in the form of microspheres usually
having a diameter of about 1 to 10 gm, namely for the manufacture
of microcapsules for controlled or sustained release of the active
ingredients.
[0352] Suitable surface-active agents, also known as emulgent or
emulsifier, to be used in the pharmaceutical compositions of the
present invention are non-ionic, cationic and/or anionic materials
having good emulsifying, dispersing and/or wetting properties.
Suitable anionic surfactants include both water-soluble soaps and
water-soluble synthetic surface-active agents. Suitable soaps are
alkaline or alkaline-earth metal salts, unsubstituted or
substituted ammonium salts of higher fatty acids
(C.sub.10-C.sub.22) e.g. the sodium or potassium salts of oleic or
stearic acid, or of natural fatty acid mixtures obtainable form
coconut oil or tallow oil. Synthetic surfactants include sodium or
calcium salts of polyacrylic acids; fatty sulphonates and
sulphates; sulphonated benzimidazole derivatives and
alkylarylsulphonates. Fatty sulphonates or sulphates are usually in
the form of alkaline or alkaline-earth metal salts, unsubstituted
ammonium salts or ammonium salts substituted with an alkyl or acyl
radical having from 8 to 22 carbon atoms, e.g. the sodium or
calcium salt of lignosulphonic acid or dodecylsulphonic acid or a
mixture of fatty alcohol sulphates obtained from natural fatty
acids, alkaline or alkaline-earth metal salts of sulphuric or
sulphonic acid esters (such as sodium lauryl sulphate) and
sulphonic acids of fatty alcohol/ethylene oxide adducts. Suitable
sulphonated benzimidazole derivatives preferably contain 8 to 22
carbon atoms. Examples of alkylarylsulphonates are the sodium,
calcium or alcoholamine salts of dodecylbenzene sulphonic acid or
dibutyl-naphthalenesulphonic acid or a naphthalene-sulphonic
acid/formaldehyde condensation product. Also suitable are the
corresponding phosphates, e.g. salts of phosphoric acid ester and
an adduct of p-nonylphenol with ethylene and/or propylene oxide, or
phospholipids. Suitable phospholipids for this purpose are the
natural (originating from animal or plant cells) or synthetic
phospholipids of the cephalin or lecithin type such as e.g.
phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine,
phosphatidylglycerine, lysolecithin, cardiolipin,
dioctanylphosphatidyl-choline, dipalmitoylphoshatidyl-choline and
their mixtures.
[0353] Suitable non-ionic surfactants include polyethoxylated and
polypropoxylated derivatives of alkylphenols, fatty alcohols, fatty
acids, aliphatic amines or amides containing at least 12 carbon
atoms in the molecule, alkylarenesulphonates and
dialkylsulphosuccinates, such as polyglycol ether derivatives of
aliphatic and cycloaliphatic alcohols, saturated and unsaturated
fatty acids and alkylphenols, said derivatives preferably
containing 3 to 10 glycol ether groups and 8 to 20 carbon atoms in
the (aliphatic) hydrocarbon moiety and 6 to 18 carbon atoms in the
alkyl moiety of the alkylphenol. Further suitable non-ionic
surfactants are water-soluble adducts of polyethylene oxide with
poylypropylene glycol, ethylenediaminopolypropylene glycol
containing 1 to 10 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain, which adducts
contain 20 to 250 ethyleneglycol ether groups and/or 10 to 100
propyleneglycol ether groups. Such compounds usually contain from I
to 5 ethyleneglycol units per propyleneglycol unit. Representative
examples of non-ionic surfactants are
nonylphenol-polyethoxyethanol, castor oil polyglycolic ethers,
polypropylene/polyethylene oxide adducts,
tributylphenoxypolyethoxyethanol, polyethyleneglycol and
octylphenoxypolyethoxyethanol. Fatty acid esters of polyethylene
sorbitan (such as polyoxyethylene sorbitan trioleate), glycerol,
sorbitan, sucrose and pentaerythritol are also suitable non-ionic
surfactants.
[0354] Suitable cationic surfactants include quaternary ammonium
salts, particularly halides, having 4 hydrocarbon radicals
optionally substituted with halo, phenyl, substituted phenyl or
hydroxy; for instance quaternary ammonium salts containing as
N-substituent at least one C.sub.8-C.sub.22 alkyl radical (e.g.
cetyl, lauryl, palmityl, myristyl, oleyl and the like) and, as
further substituents, unsubstituted or halogenated lower alkyl,
benzyl and/or hydroxy-lower alkyl radicals.
[0355] A more detailed description of surface-active agents
suitable for this purpose may be found for instance in
"McCutcheon's Detergents and Emulsifiers Annual" (MC Publishing
Crop., Ridgewood, N.J., 1981), "Tensid-Taschenbucw`, 2 d ed.
(Hanser Verlag, Vienna, 1981) and "Encyclopaedia of Surfactants,
(Chemical Publishing Co., New York, 1981).
[0356] Compounds of the invention and their physiologically
acceptable salts (hereafter collectively referred to as the active
ingredients) may be administered by any route appropriate to the
condition to be treated, suitable routes including oral, rectal,
nasal, topical (including ocular, buccal and sublingual), vaginal
and parenteral (including subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous,
intradermal, intrathecal and epidural). The preferred route of
administration may vary with for example the condition of the
recipient.
[0357] While it is possible for the active ingredients to be
administered alone it is preferable to present them as
pharmaceutical formulations. The formulations, both for veterinary
and for human use, of the present invention comprise at least one
active ingredient, as above described, together with one or more
pharmaceutically acceptable carriers therefore and optionally
other. therapeutic ingredients. The carrier(s) optimally are
"acceptable" in the sense of being compatible with the other
ingredients of the formulation and not deleterious to the recipient
thereof. The formulations include those suitable for oral, rectal,
nasal, topical (including buccal and sublingual), vaginal or
parenteral (including subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous,
intradermal, intrathecal and epidural) administration. The
formulations may conveniently be presented in unit dosage form and
may be prepared by any of the methods well known in the art of
pharmacy. Such methods include the step of bringing into
association the active ingredient with the carrier which
constitutes one or more accessory ingredients. In general the
formulations are prepared by uniformly and intimately bringing into
association the active ingredient with liquid carriers or finely
divided solid carriers or both, and then, if necessary, shaping the
product.
[0358] Formulations of the present invention suitable for oral
administration may be presented as discrete units such as capsules,
cachets or tablets each containing a predetermined amount of the
active ingredient; as a powder or granules; as solution or a
suspension in an aqueous liquid or a non-aqueous liquid; or as an
oil-in-water liquid emulsion or a water-in-oil liquid emulsion. The
active ingredient may also be presented as a bolus, electuary or
paste.
[0359] A tablet may be made by compression or molding, optionally
with one or more accessory ingredients. Compressed tablets may be
prepared by compressing in a suitable machine the active ingredient
in a free-flowing form such as a powder or granules, optionally
mixed with a binder, lubricant, inert diluent, preservative,
surface active or dispersing agent. Molded tablets may be made by
molding in a suitable machine a mixture of the powdered compound
moistened with an inert liquid diluent. The tablets may optionally
be coated or scored and may be formulated so as to provide slow or
controlled release of the active ingredient therein. For infections
of the eye or other external tissues e.g. mouth and skin, the
formulations are optionally applied as a topical ointment or cream
containing the active ingredient(s) in an amount of, for example,
0.075 to 20% w/w (including active ingredient(s) in a range between
0.1% and 20% in increments of 0.1% w/w such as 0.6% w/w, 0.7% w/w,
etc), preferably 0.2 to 15% w/w and most preferably 0.5 to 10% w/w.
When formulated in an ointment, the active ingredients may be
employed with either a paraffinic or a water-miscible ointment
base. Alternatively, the active ingredients may be formulated in a
cream with an oil-in-water cream base. If desired, the aqueous
phase of the cream base may include, for example, at least 30% w/w
of a polyhydric alcohol, i.e. an alcohol having two or more
hydroxyl groups such as propylene glycol, butane 1,3-diol,
mannitol, sorbitol, glycerol and polyethylene glycol (including
PEG400) and mixtures thereof. The topical formulations may
desirably include a compound which enhances absorption or
penetration of the active ingredient through the skin or other
affected areas. Examples of such dermal penetration enhancers
include dimethylsulfoxide and related analogs.
[0360] The oily phase of the emulsions of this invention may be
constituted from known ingredients in a known manner. While the
phase may comprise merely an emulsifier (otherwise known as an
emulgent), it desirably comprises a mixture of at least one
emulsifier with a fat or an oil or with both a fat and an oil.
Optionally, a hydrophilic emulsifier is included together with a
lipophilic emulsifier which acts as a stabilizer. It is also
preferred to include both an oil and a fat. Together, the
emulsifier(s) with or without stabilizer(s) make up the so-called
emulsifying wax, and the wax together with the oil and fat make up
the so-called emulsifying ointment base which forms the oily
dispersed phase of the cream formulations.
[0361] The choice of suitable oils or fats for the formulation is
based on achieving the desired cosmetic properties, since the
solubility of the active compound in most oils likely to be used in
pharmaceutical emulsion formulations is very low. Thus the cream
should optionally be a non-greasy, non-staining and washable
product with suitable consistency to avoid leakage from tubes or
other containers. Straight or branched chains mono- or dibasic
alkyl esters such as di-isoadipate, isocetyl stearate, propylene
glycol diester of coconut fatty acids, isopropyl myristate, decyl
oleate, isopropyl palmitate, butyl stearate, 2-ethylhexyl palmitate
or a blend of branched chain esters known as Crodamol CAP may be
used, the last three being preferred esters. These may be used
alone or in combination depending on the properties required.
Alternatively, high melting point lipids such as white soft
paraffin and/or liquid paraffin or other mineral oils can be
used.
[0362] Formulations suitable for topical administration to the eye
also include eye drops wherein the active ingredient is dissolved
or suspended in a suitable carrier, especially an aqueous solvent
for the active ingredient. The active ingredient is optionally
present in such formulations in a concentration of 0.5 to 20%,
advantageously 0.5 to 10% particularly about 1.5% w/w. Formulations
suitable for topical administration in the mouth include lozenges
comprising the active ingredient in a flavored basis, usually
sucrose and acacia or tragacanth; pastilles comprising the active
ingredient in an inert basis such as gelatin and glycerin, or
sucrose and acacia; and mouthwashes comprising the active
ingredient in a suitable liquid carrier.
[0363] Formulations for rectal administration may be presented as a
suppository with a suitable base comprising for example cocoa
butter or a salicylate. Formulations suitable for nasal
administration wherein the carrier is a solid include a coarse
powder having a particle size for example in the range 20 to 500
microns (including particle sizes in a range between 20 and 500
microns in increments of 5 microns such as 30 microns, 35 microns,
etc), which is administered in the manner in which snuff is taken,
i.e. by rapid inhalation through the nasal passage from a container
of the powder held close up to the nose. Suitable formulations
wherein the carrier is a liquid, for administration as for example
a nasal spray or as nasal drops, include aqueous or oily solutions
of the active ingredient. Formulations suitable for aerosol
administration may be prepared according to conventional methods
and may be delivered with other therapeutic agents.
[0364] Formulations suitable for vaginal administration may be
presented as pessaries, tampons, creams, gels, pastes, foams or
spray formulations containing in addition to the active ingredient
such carriers as are known in the art to be appropriate.
[0365] Formulations suitable for parenteral administration include
aqueous and non-aqueous sterile injection solutions which may
contain anti-oxidants, buffers, bacteriostats and solutes which
render the formulation isotonic with the blood of the intended
recipient; and aqueous and non-aqueous sterile suspensions which
may include suspending agents and thickening agents. The
formulations may be presented in unit-dose or multi-dose
containers, for example sealed ampoules and vials, and may be
stored in a freeze-dried (lyophilized) condition requiring only the
addition of the sterile liquid carrier, for example water for
injections, immediately prior to use. Extemporaneous injection
solutions and suspensions may be prepared from sterile powders,
granules and tablets of the kind previously described.
[0366] Preferred unit dosage formulations are those containing a
daily dose or unit daily sub-dose, as herein above recited, or an
appropriate fraction thereof, of an active ingredient.
[0367] It should be understood that in addition to the ingredients
particularly mentioned above the formulations of this invention may
include other agents conventional in the art having regard to the
type of formulation in question, for example those suitable for
oral administration may include flavoring agents.
[0368] Compounds of the invention can be used to provide controlled
release pharmaceutical formulations containing as active ingredient
one or more compounds of the invention ("controlled release
formulations") in which the release of the active ingredient can be
controlled and regulated to allow less frequency dosing or to
improve the pharmacokinetic or toxicity profile of a given
invention compound. Controlled release formulations adapted for
oral administration in which discrete units comprising one or more
compounds of the invention can be prepared according to
conventional methods.
[0369] Additional ingredients may be included in order to control
the duration of action of the active ingredient in the composition.
Control release compositions may thus be achieved by selecting
appropriate polymer carriers such as for example polyesters,
polyamino acids, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, ethylene-vinyl acetate
copolymers, methylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, protamine
sulfate and the like. The rate of drug release and duration of
action may also be controlled by incorporating the active
ingredient into particles, e.g. microcapsules, of a polymeric
substance such as hydrogels, polylactic acid,
hydroxymethylcellulose, polymethyl methacrylate and the other
above-described polymers. Such methods include colloid drug
delivery systems like liposomes, microspheres, microemulsions,
nanoparticles, nanocapsules and so on. Depending on the route of
administration, the pharmaceutical composition may require
protective coatings. Pharmaceutical forms suitable for
injectionable use include sterile aqueous solutions or dispersions
and sterile powders for the extemporaneous preparation thereof.
Typical carriers for this purpose therefore include biocompatible
aqueous buffers, ethanol, glycerol, propylene glycol, polyethylene
glycol and the like and mixtures thereof.
[0370] In view of the fact that, when several active ingredients
are used in combination, they do not necessarily bring out their
joint therapeutic effect directly at the same time in the mammal to
be treated, the corresponding composition may also be in the form
of a medical kit or package containing the two ingredients in
separate but adjacent repositories or compartments. In the latter
context, each active ingredient may therefore be formulated in a
way suitable for an administration route different from that of the
other ingredient, e.g. one of them may be in the form of an oral or
parenteral formulation whereas the other is in the form of an
ampoule for intravenous injection or an aerosol.
[0371] Suitable methods for drug delivery include colloid drug
delivery systems like liposomes, microspheres, microemulsions,
nanoparticles, nanocapsules and so on. Depending on the route of
administration, the pharmaceutical composition may require
protective coatings. Pharmaceutical forms suitable for
injectionable use include sterile aqueous solutions or dispersions
and sterile powders for the extemporaneous preparation thereof.
Typical carriers for this purpose therefore include biocompatible
aqueous buffers, ethanol, glycerol, propylene glycol, polyethylene
glycol and the like and mixtures thereof.
[0372] Several active ingredients used in combination may not
necessarily bring out their joint therapeutic effect directly at
the same time in the mammal to be treated. Thus, the corresponding
composition may also be in the form of a medical kit or package
containing the two ingredients in separate but adjacent
repositories or compartments. In the latter context, each active
ingredient may therefore be formulated in a way suitable for an
administration route different from that of the other ingredient,
e.g. one of them may be in the form of an oral or parenteral
formulation whereas the other is in the form of an ampoule for
intravenous injection or an aerosol.
Exemplary Enumerated Compounds
[0373] By way of example and not limitation, embodiments of the
invention are named below in tabular format (Table 7). Each
embodiment of Table 7 is depicted as a substituted nucleus (Sc) in
which the nucleus is designated by a number and each substituent is
designated in order by further numbers. Table 1 is a schedule of
nuclei used in forming the embodiments of Table 7. Each nucleus
(Sc) is given a number designation from Table 1, and this
designation appears first in each embodiment name. Similarly,
Tables 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 list the selected substituents, again by
number designation.
[0374] Accordingly, each named embodiment of Table 7 is depicted by
a number designating the nucleus from Table 1. If the nucleus is of
formula 1 (from Table 1), then the letter and number substituents
are in the order R.sup.1 (Table 2), R.sup.3 (Table 3), R.sup.4
(Table 4), and X (Table 6). If the nucleus is of formula 2 (from
Table 1), then the letter and number substituents are in the order
R.sup.1 (Table 2), R.sup.3 (Table 3), 4 (Table 4), R.sup.26 (Table
5), and X (Table 6). The same embodiments of the invention exist
for the nucleus of formula 2 (Table 1) wherein the N at position 1
is substituted by R.sup.25 (corresponding to the embodiments of
R.sup.26 of Table 5) and the single or double bonds in the imidazo
pyridine ring are adjusted accordingly.
[0375] Each group is shown having one or more tildas ("-"). The
tildas are the points of covalent attachment of the group.
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 ##STR00010## ##STR00011##
TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 R.sup.1 Substituents ##STR00012##
##STR00013## ##STR00014## ##STR00015## ##STR00016## ##STR00017##
##STR00018##
TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 R.sup.3 Substituents ##STR00019##
##STR00020## ##STR00021## ##STR00022## ##STR00023##
##STR00024##
TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 R.sup.4 Substituents ##STR00025##
##STR00026##
TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 5 R.sup.26 Substituents ##STR00027##
##STR00028##
TABLE-US-00006 TABLE 6 X Substituents ##STR00029## ##STR00030##
##STR00031## ##STR00032## ##STR00033##
TABLE-US-00007 TABLE 7 Selected Embodiments of the Invention
Embodiments of Formula 1 1.1.1.1.1; 1.1.1.1.2; 1.1.1.1.3;
1.1.1.2.1; 1.1.1.2.2; 1.1.1.2.3; 1.1.2.1.1; 1.1.2.1.2; 1.1.2.1.3;
1.1.2.2.1; 1.1.2.2.2; 1.1.2.2.3; 1.1.3.1.1; 1.1.3.1.2; 1.1.3.1.3;
1.1.3.2.1; 1.1.3.2.2; 1.1.3.2.3; 1.1.4.1.1; 1.1.4.1.2; 1.1.4.1.3;
1.1.4.2.1; 1.1.4.2.2; 1.1.4.2.3; 1.1.5.1.1; 1.1.5.1.2; 1.1.5.1.3;
1.1.5.2.1; 1.1.5.2.2; 1.1.5.2.3; 1.1.6.1.1; 1.1.6.1.2; 1.1.6.1.3;
1.1.6.2.1; 1.1.6.2.2; 1.1.6.2.3; 1.2.1.1.1; 1.2.1.1.2; 1.2.1.1.3;
1.2.1.2.1; 1.2.1.2.2; 1.2.1.2.3; 1.2.2.1.1; 1.2.2.1.2; 1.2.2.1.3;
1.2.2.2.1; 1.2.2.2.2; 1.2.2.2.3; 1.2.3.1.1; 1.2.3.1.2; 1.2.3.1.3;
1.2.3.2.1; 1.2.3.2.2; 1.2.3.2.3; 1.2.4.1.1; 1.2.4.1.2; 1.2.4.1.3;
1.2.4.2.1; 1.2.4.2.2; 1.2.4.2.3; 1.2.5.1.1; 1.2.5.1.2; 1.2.5.1.3;
1.2.5.2.1; 1.2.5.2.2; 1.2.5.2.3; 1.2.6.1.1; 1.2.6.1.2; 1.2.6.1.3;
1.2.6.2.1; 1.2.6.2.2; 1.2.6.2.3; 1.3.1.1.1; 1.3.1.1.2; 1.3.1.1.3;
1.3.1.2.1; 1.3.1.2.2; 1.3.1.2.3; 1.3.2.1.1; 1.3.2.1.2; 1.3.2.1.3;
1.3.2.2.1; 1.3.2.2.2; 1.3.2.2.3; 1.3.3.1.1; 1.3.3.1.2; 1.3.3.1.3;
1.3.3.2.1; 1.3.3.2.2; 1.3.3.2.3; 1.3.4.1.1; 1.3.4.1.2; 1.3.4.1.3;
1.3.4.2.1; 1.3.4.2.2; 1.3.4.2.3; 1.3.5.1.1; 1.3.5.1.2; 1.3.5.1.3;
1.3.5.2.1; 1.3.5.2.2; 1.3.5.2.3; 1.3.6.1.1; 1.3.6.1.2; 1.3.6.1.3;
1.3.6.2.1; 1.3.6.2.2; 1.3.6.2.3; 1.4.1.1.1; 1.4.1.1.2; 1.4.1.1.3;
1.4.1.2.1; 1.4.1.2.2; 1.4.1.2.3; 1.4.2.1.1; 1.4.2.1.2; 1.4.2.1.3;
1.4.2.2.1; 1.4.2.2.2; 1.4.2.2.3; 1.4.3.1.1; 1.4.3.1.2; 1.4.3.1.3;
1.4.3.2.1; 1.4.3.2.2; 1.4.3.2.3; 1.4.4.1.1; 1.4.4.1.2; 1.4.4.1.3;
1.4.4.2.1; 1.4.4.2.2; 1.4.4.2.3; 1.4.5.1.1; 1.4.5.1.2; 1.4.5.1.3;
1.4.5.2.1; 1.4.5.2.2; 1.4.5.2.3; 1.4.6.1.1; 1.4.6.1.2; 1.4.6.1.3;
1.4.6.2.1; 1.4.6.2.2; 1.4.6.2.3; 1.5.1.1.1; 1.5.1.1.2; 1.5.1.1.3;
1.5.1.2.1; 1.5.1.2.2; 1.5.1.2.3; 1.5.2.1.1; 1.5.2.1.2; 1.5.2.1.3;
1.5.2.2.1; 1.5.2.2.2; 1.5.2.2.3; 1.5.3.1.1; 1.5.3.1.2; 1.5.3.1.3;
1.5.3.2.1; 1.5.3.2.2; 1.5.3.2.3; 1.5.4.1.1; 1.5.4.1.2; 1.5.4.1.3;
1.5.4.2.1; 1.5.4.2.2; 1.5.4.2.3; 1.5.5.1.1; 1.5.5.1.2; 1.5.5.1.3;
1.5.5.2.1; 1.5.5.2.2; 1.5.5.2.3; 1.5.6.1.1; 1.5.6.1.2; 1.5.6.1.3;
1.5.6.2.1; 1.5.6.2.2; 1.5.6.2.3; 1.6.1.1.1; 1.6.1.1.2; 1.6.1.1.3;
1.6.1.2.1; 1.6.1.2.2; 1.6.1.2.3; 1.6.2.1.1; 1.6.2.1.2; 1.6.2.1.3;
1.6.2.2.1; 1.6.2.2.2; 1.6.2.2.3; 1.6.3.1.1; 1.6.3.1.2; 1.6.3.1.3;
1.6.3.2.1; 1.6.3.2.2; 1.6.3.2.3; 1.6.4.1.1; 1.6.4.1.2; 1.6.4.1.3;
1.6.4.2.1; 1.6.4.2.2; 1.6.4.2.3; 1.6.5.1.1; 1.6.5.1.2; 1.6.5.1.3;
1.6.5.2.1; 1.6.5.2.2; 1.6.5.2.3; 1.6.6.1.1; 1.6.6.1.2; 1.6.6.1.3;
1.6.6.2.1; 1.6.6.2.2; 1.6.6.2.3; 1.7.1.1.1; 1.7.1.1.2; 1.7.1.1.3;
1.7.1.2.1; 1.7.1.2.2; 1.7.1.2.3; 1.7.2.1.1; 1.7.2.1.2; 1.7.2.1.3;
1.7.2.2.1; 1.7.2.2.2; 1.7.2.2.3; 1.7.3.1.1; 1.7.3.1.2; 1.7.3.1.3;
1.7.3.2.1; 1.7.3.2.2; 1.7.3.2.3; 1.7.4.1.1; 1.7.4.1.2; 1.7.4.1.3;
1.7.4.2.1; 1.7.4.2.2; 1.7.4.2.3; 1.7.5.1.1; 1.7.5.1.2; 1.7.5.1.3;
1.7.5.2.1; 1.7.5.2.2; 1.7.5.2.3; 1.7.6.1.1; 1.7.6.1.2; 1.7.6.1.3;
1.7.6.2.1; 1.7.6.2.2; 1.7.6.2.3. Embodiments of Formula 2
2.1.1.1.1.1; 2.1.1.1.1.2; 2.1.1.1.1.3; 2.1.1.1.2.1; 2.1.1.1.2.2;
2.1.1.1.2.3; 2.1.1.2.1.1; 2.1.1.2.1.2; 2.1.1.2.1.3; 2.1.1.2.2.1;
2.1.1.2.2.2; 2.1.1.2.2.3; 2.1.2.1.1.1; 2.1.2.1.1.2; 2.1.2.1.1.3;
2.1.2.1.2.1; 2.1.2.1.2.2; 2.1.2.1.2.3; 2.1.2.2.1.1; 2.1.2.2.1.2;
2.1.2.2.1.3; 2.1.2.2.2.1; 2.1.2.2.2.2; 2.1.2.2.2.3; 2.1.3.1.1.1;
2.1.3.1.1.2; 2.1.3.1.1.3; 2.1.3.1.2.1; 2.1.3.1.2.2; 2.1.3.1.2.3;
2.1.3.2.1.1; 2.1.3.2.1.2; 2.1.3.2.1.3; 2.1.3.2.2.1; 2.1.3.2.2.2;
2.1.3.2.2.3; 2.1.4.1.1.1; 2.1.4.1.1.2; 2.1.4.1.1.3; 2.1.4.1.2.1;
2.1.4.1.2.2; 2.1.4.1.2.3; 2.1.4.2.1.1; 2.1.4.2.1.2; 2.1.4.2.1.3;
2.1.4.2.2.1; 2.1.4.2.2.2; 2.1.4.2.2.3; 2.1.5.1.1.1; 2.1.5.1.1.2;
2.1.5.1.1.3; 2.1.5.1.2.1; 2.1.5.1.2.2; 2.1.5.1.2.3; 2.1.5.2.1.1;
2.1.5.2.1.2; 2.1.5.2.1.3; 2.1.5.2.2.1; 2.1.5.2.2.2; 2.1.5.2.2.3;
2.1.6.1.1.1; 2.1.6.1.1.2; 2.1.6.1.1.3; 2.1.6.1.2.1; 2.1.6.1.2.2;
2.1.6.1.2.3; 2.1.6.2.1.1; 2.1.6.2.1.2; 2.1.6.2.1.3; 2.1.6.2.2.1;
2.1.6.2.2.2; 2.1.6.2.2.3; 2.2.1.1.1.1; 2.2.1.1.1.2; 2.2.1.1.1.3;
2.2.1.1.2.1; 2.2.1.1.2.2; 2.2.1.1.2.3; 2.2.1.2.1.1; 2.2.1.2.1.2;
2.2.1.2.1.3; 2.2.1.2.2.1; 2.2.1.2.2.2; 2.2.1.2.2.3; 2.2.2.1.1.1;
2.2.2.1.1.2; 2.2.2.1.1.3; 2.2.2.1.2.1; 2.2.2.1.2.2; 2.2.2.1.2.3;
2.2.2.2.1.1; 2.2.2.2.1.2; 2.2.2.2.1.3; 2.2.2.2.2.1; 2.2.2.2.2.2;
2.2.2.2.2.3; 2.2.3.1.1.1; 2.2.3.1.1.2; 2.2.3.1.1.3; 2.2.3.1.2.1;
2.2.3.1.2.2; 2.2.3.1.2.3; 2.2.3.2.1.1; 2.2.3.2.1.2; 2.2.3.2.1.3;
2.2.3.2.2.1; 2.2.3.2.2.2; 2.2.3.2.2.3; 2.2.4.1.1.1; 2.2.4.1.1.2;
2.2.4.1.1.3; 2.2.4.1.2.1; 2.2.4.1.2.2; 2.2.4.1.2.3; 2.2.4.2.1.1;
2.2.4.2.1.2; 2.2.4.2.1.3; 2.2.4.2.2.1; 2.2.4.2.2.2; 2.2.4.2.2.3;
2.2.5.1.1.1; 2.2.5.1.1.2; 2.2.5.1.1.3; 2.2.5.1.2.1; 2.2.5.1.2.2;
2.2.5.1.2.3; 2.2.5.2.1.1; 2.2.5.2.1.2; 2.2.5.2.1.3; 2.2.5.2.2.1;
2.2.5.2.2.2; 2.2.5.2.2.3; 2.2.6.1.1.1; 2.2.6.1.1.2; 2.2.6.1.1.3;
2.2.6.1.2.1; 2.2.6.1.2.2; 2.2.6.1.2.3; 2.2.6.2.1.1; 2.2.6.2.1.2;
2.2.6.2.1.3; 2.2.6.2.2.1; 2.2.6.2.2.2; 2.2.6.2.2.3; 2.3.1.1.1.1;
2.3.1.1.1.2; 2.3.1.1.1.3; 2.3.1.1.2.1; 2.3.1.1.2.2; 2.3.1.1.2.3;
2.3.1.2.1.1; 2.3.1.2.1.2; 2.3.1.2.1.3; 2.3.1.2.2.1; 2.3.1.2.2.2;
2.3.1.2.2.3; 2.3.2.1.1.1; 2.3.2.1.1.2; 2.3.2.1.1.3; 2.3.2.1.2.1;
2.3.2.1.2.2; 2.3.2.1.2.3; 2.3.2.2.1.1; 2.3.2.2.1.2; 2.3.2.2.1.3;
2.3.2.2.2.1; 2.3.2.2.2.2; 2.3.2.2.2.3; 2.3.3.1.1.1; 2.3.3.1.1.2;
2.3.3.1.1.3; 2.3.3.1.2.1; 2.3.3.1.2.2; 2.3.3.1.2.3; 2.3.3.2.1.1;
2.3.3.2.1.2; 2.3.3.2.1.3; 2.3.3.2.2.1; 2.3.3.2.2.2; 2.3.3.2.2.3;
2.3.4.1.1.1; 2.3.4.1.1.2; 2.3.4.1.1.3; 2.3.4.1.2.1; 2.3.4.1.2.2;
2.3.4.1.2.3; 2.3.4.2.1.1; 2.3.4.2.1.2; 2.3.4.2.1.3; 2.3.4.2.2.1;
2.3.4.2.2.2; 2.3.4.2.2.3; 2.3.5.1.1.1; 2.3.5.1.1.2; 2.3.5.1.1.3;
2.3.5.1.2.1; 2.3.5.1.2.2; 2.3.5.1.2.3; 2.3.5.2.1.1; 2.3.5.2.1.2;
2.3.5.2.1.3; 2.3.5.2.2.1; 2.3.5.2.2.2; 2.3.5.2.2.3; 2.3.6.1.1.1;
2.3.6.1.1.2; 2.3.6.1.1.3; 2.3.6.1.2.1; 2.3.6.1.2.2; 2.3.6.1.2.3;
2.3.6.2.1.1; 2.3.6.2.1.2; 2.3.6.2.1.3; 2.3.6.2.2.1; 2.3.6.2.2.2;
2.3.6.2.2.3; 2.4.1.1.1.1; 2.4.1.1.1.2; 2.4.1.1.1.3; 2.4.1.1.2.1;
2.4.1.1.2.2; 2.4.1.1.2.3; 2.4.1.2.1.1; 2.4.1.2.1.2; 2.4.1.2.1.3;
2.4.1.2.2.1; 2.4.1.2.2.2; 2.4.1.2.2.3; 2.4.2.1.1.1; 2.4.2.1.1.2;
2.4.2.1.1.3; 2.4.2.1.2.1; 2.4.2.1.2.2; 2.4.2.1.2.3; 2.4.2.2.1.1;
2.4.2.2.1.2; 2.4.2.2.1.3; 2.4.2.2.2.1; 2.4.2.2.2.2; 2.4.2.2.2.3;
2.4.3.1.1.1; 2.4.3.1.1.2; 2.4.3.1.1.3; 2.4.3.1.2.1; 2.4.3.1.2.2;
2.4.3.1.2.3; 2.4.3.2.1.1; 2.4.3.2.1.2; 2.4.3.2.1.3; 2.4.3.2.2.1;
2.4.3.2.2.2; 2.4.3.2.2.3; 2.4.4.1.1.1; 2.4.4.1.1.2; 2.4.4.1.1.3;
2.4.4.1.2.1; 2.4.4.1.2.2; 2.4.4.1.2.3; 2.4.4.2.1.1; 2.4.4.2.1.2;
2.4.4.2.1.3; 2.4.4.2.2.1; 2.4.4.2.2.2; 2.4.4.2.2.3; 2.4.5.1.1.1;
2.4.5.1.1.2; 2.4.5.1.1.3; 2.4.5.1.2.1; 2.4.5.1.2.2; 2.4.5.1.2.3;
2.4.5.2.1.1; 2.4.5.2.1.2; 2.4.5.2.1.3; 2.4.5.2.2.1; 2.4.5.2.2.2;
2.4.5.2.2.3; 2.4.6.1.1.1; 2.4.6.1.1.2; 2.4.6.1.1.3; 2.4.6.1.2.1;
2.4.6.1.2.2; 2.4.6.1.2.3; 2.4.6.2.1.1; 2.4.6.2.1.2; 2.4.6.2.1.3;
2.4.6.2.2.1; 2.4.6.2.2.2; 2.4.6.2.2.3; 2.5.1.1.1.1; 2.5.1.1.1.2;
2.5.1.1.1.3; 2.5.1.1.2.1; 2.5.1.1.2.2; 2.5.1.1.2.3; 2.5.1.2.1.1;
2.5.1.2.1.2; 2.5.1.2.1.3; 2.5.1.2.2.1; 2.5.1.2.2.2; 2.5.1.2.2.3;
2.5.2.1.1.1; 2.5.2.1.1.2; 2.5.2.1.1.3; 2.5.2.1.2.1; 2.5.2.1.2.2;
2.5.2.1.2.3; 2.5.2.2.1.1; 2.5.2.2.1.2; 2.5.2.2.1.3; 2.5.2.2.2.1;
2.5.2.2.2.2; 2.5.2.2.2.3; 2.5.3.1.1.1; 2.5.3.1.1.2; 2.5.3.1.1.3;
2.5.3.1.2.1; 2.5.3.1.2.2; 2.5.3.1.2.3; 2.5.3.2.1.1; 2.5.3.2.1.2;
2.5.3.2.1.3; 2.5.3.2.2.1; 2.5.3.2.2.2; 2.5.3.2.2.3; 2.5.4.1.1.1;
2.5.4.1.1.2; 2.5.4.1.1.3; 2.5.4.1.2.1; 2.5.4.1.2.2; 2.5.4.1.2.3;
2.5.4.2.1.1; 2.5.4.2.1.2; 2.5.4.2.1.3; 2.5.4.2.2.1; 2.5.4.2.2.2;
2.5.4.2.2.3; 2.5.5.1.1.1; 2.5.5.1.1.2; 2.5.5.1.1.3; 2.5.5.1.2.1;
2.5.5.1.2.2; 2.5.5.1.2.3; 2.5.5.2.1.1; 2.5.5.2.1.2; 2.5.5.2.1.3;
2.5.5.2.2.1; 2.5.5.2.2.2; 2.5.5.2.2.3; 2.5.6.1.1.1; 2.5.6.1.1.2;
2.5.6.1.1.3; 2.5.6.1.2.1; 2.5.6.1.2.2; 2.5.6.1.2.3; 2.5.6.2.1.1;
2.5.6.2.1.2; 2.5.6.2.1.3; 2.5.6.2.2.1; 2.5.6.2.2.2; 2.5.6.2.2.3;
2.6.1.1.1.1; 2.6.1.1.1.2; 2.6.1.1.1.3; 2.6.1.1.2.1; 2.6.1.1.2.2;
2.6.1.1.2.3; 2.6.1.2.1.1; 2.6.1.2.1.2; 2.6.1.2.1.3; 2.6.1.2.2.1;
2.6.1.2.2.2; 2.6.1.2.2.3; 2.6.2.1.1.1; 2.6.2.1.1.2; 2.6.2.1.1.3;
2.6.2.1.2.1; 2.6.2.1.2.2; 2.6.2.1.2.3; 2.6.2.2.1.1; 2.6.2.2.1.2;
2.6.2.2.1.3; 2.6.2.2.2.1; 2.6.2.2.2.2; 2.6.2.2.2.3; 2.6.3.1.1.1;
2.6.3.1.1.2; 2.6.3.1.1.3; 2.6.3.1.2.1; 2.6.3.1.2.2; 2.6.3.1.2.3;
2.6.3.2.1.1; 2.6.3.2.1.2; 2.6.3.2.1.3; 2.6.3.2.2.1; 2.6.3.2.2.2;
2.6.3.2.2.3; 2.6.4.1.1.1; 2.6.4.1.1.2; 2.6.4.1.1.3; 2.6.4.1.2.1;
2.6.4.1.2.2; 2.6.4.1.2.3; 2.6.4.2.1.1; 2.6.4.2.1.2; 2.6.4.2.1.3;
2.6.4.2.2.1; 2.6.4.2.2.2; 2.6.4.2.2.3; 2.6.5.1.1.1; 2.6.5.1.1.2;
2.6.5.1.1.3; 2.6.5.1.2.1; 2.6.5.1.2.2; 2.6.5.1.2.3; 2.6.5.2.1.1;
2.6.5.2.1.2; 2.6.5.2.1.3; 2.6.5.2.2.1; 2.6.5.2.2.2; 2.6.5.2.2.3;
2.6.6.1.1.1; 2.6.6.1.1.2; 2.6.6.1.1.3; 2.6.6.1.2.1; 2.6.6.1.2.2;
2.6.6.1.2.3; 2.6.6.2.1.1; 2.6.6.2.1.2; 2.6.6.2.1.3; 2.6.6.2.2.1;
2.6.6.2.2.2; 2.6.6.2.2.3; 2.7.1.1.1.1; 2.7.1.1.1.2; 2.7.1.1.1.3;
2.7.1.1.2.1; 2.7.1.1.2.2; 2.7.1.1.2.3; 2.7.1.2.1.1; 2.7.1.2.1.2;
2.7.1.2.1.3; 2.7.1.2.2.1; 2.7.1.2.2.2; 2.7.1.2.2.3; 2.7.2.1.1.1;
2.7.2.1.1.2; 2.7.2.1.1.3; 2.7.2.1.2.1; 2.7.2.1.2.2; 2.7.2.1.2.3;
2.7.2.2.1.1; 2.7.2.2.1.2; 2.7.2.2.1.3; 2.7.2.2.2.1; 2.7.2.2.2.2;
2.7.2.2.2.3; 2.7.3.1.1.1; 2.7.3.1.1.2; 2.7.3.1.1.3; 2.7.3.1.2.1;
2.7.3.1.2.2; 2.7.3.1.2.3; 2.7.3.2.1.1; 2.7.3.2.1.2; 2.7.3.2.1.3;
2.7.3.2.2.1; 2.7.3.2.2.2; 2.7.3.2.2.3; 2.7.4.1.1.1; 2.7.4.1.1.2;
2.7.4.1.1.3; 2.7.4.1.2.1; 2.7.4.1.2.2; 2.7.4.1.2.3; 2.7.4.2.1.1;
2.7.4.2.1.2; 2.7.4.2.1.3; 2.7.4.2.2.1; 2.7.4.2.2.2; 2.7.4.2.2.3;
2.7.5.1.1.1; 2.7.5.1.1.2; 2.7.5.1.1.3; 2.7.5.1.2.1; 2.7.5.1.2.2;
2.7.5.1.2.3; 2.7.5.2.1.1; 2.7.5.2.1.2; 2.7.5.2.1.3; 2.7.5.2.2.1;
2.7.5.2.2.2; 2.7.5.2.2.3; 2.7.6.1.1.1; 2.7.6.1.1.2; 2.7.6.1.1.3;
2.7.6.1.2.1; 2.7.6.1.2.2; 2.7.6.1.2.3; 2.7.6.2.1.1; 2.7.6.2.1.2;
2.7.6.2.1.3; 2.7.6.2.2.1; 2.7.6.2.2.2; 2.7.6.2.2.3.
General Methods and Materials for the Preparation of the Compounds
of the Invention Synthetic Methods
[0376] The compounds of the formulas of this invention are prepared
using a series of chemical reactions well known to those skilled in
the art, altogether making up the process for preparing said
compounds and exemplified further. The processes described further
are only meant as examples and by no means are meant to limit the
scope of the present invention.
[0377] The invention also relates to methods of making the
compositions of the invention. The compositions are prepared by any
of the applicable techniques of organic synthesis. Many such
techniques are well known in the art. However, many of the known
techniques are elaborated in "Compendium of Organic Synthetic
Methods" (John Wiley & Sons, New York), Vol. 1, Ian T. Harrison
and Shuyen Harrison, 1971; Vol. 2, Ian T. Harrison and Shuyen
Harrison, 1974; Vol. 3, Louis S. Hegedus and Leroy Wade, 1977; Vol.
4, Leroy G. Wade, Jr., 1980; Vol. 5, Leroy G. Wade, Jr., 1984; and
Vol. 6, Michael B. Smith; as well as March, J., "Advanced Organic
Chemistry, Third Edition", (John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1985),
"Comprehensive Organic Synthesis. Selectivity, Strategy &
Efficiency in Modern Organic Chemistry. In 9 Volumes", Barry M.
Trost, Editor-in-Chief (Pergamon Press, New York, 1993
printing).
[0378] Exemplary methods for the preparation of the compositions of
the invention are provided below. These methods are intended to
illustrate the nature of such preparations, and are not intended to
limit the scope of applicable methods.
[0379] Generally, the reaction conditions such as temperature,
reaction time, solvents, workup procedures, and the like, will be
those common in the art for the particular reaction to be
performed. The cited reference material, together with material
cited therein, contains detailed descriptions of such conditions.
Typically the temperatures will be -100.degree. C. to 200.degree.
C., solvents will be aprotic or protic, and reaction times will be
10 seconds to 10 days. Workup typically consists of quenching any
unreacted reagents followed by partition between a water/organic
layer system (extraction) and separating the layer containing the
product.
[0380] Oxidation and reduction reactions are typically carried out
at temperatures near room temperature (about 20.degree. C.),
although for metal hydride reductions frequently the temperature is
reduced to 0.degree. C. to -100.degree. C., solvents are typically
aprotic for reductions and may be either protic or aprotic for
oxidations. Reaction times are adjusted to achieve desired
conversions.
[0381] Condensation reactions are typically carried out at
temperatures near room temperature, although for non-equilibrating,
kinetically controlled condensations reduced temperatures
(0.degree. C. to -100.degree. C.) are also common. Solvents can be
either protic (common in equilibrating reactions) or aprotic
(common in kinetically controlled reactions).
[0382] Standard synthetic techniques such as azeotropic removal of
reaction by-products and use of anhydrous reaction conditions (e.g.
inert gas environments) are common in the art and will be applied
when applicable.
[0383] General aspects of these exemplary methods are described
below. Each of the products of the following processes is
optionally separated, isolated, and/or purified prior to its use in
subsequent processes.
[0384] The terms "treated", "treating", "treatment", and the like,
mean contacting, mixing, reacting, allowing to react, bringing into
contact, and other terms common in the art for indicating that one
or more chemical entities is treated in such a manner as to convert
it to one or more other chemical entities. This means that
"treating compound one with compound two" is synonymous with
"allowing compound one to react with compound two", "contacting
compound one with compound two", "reacting compound one with
compound two", and other expressions common in the art of organic
synthesis for reasonably indicating that compound one was
"treated", "reacted", "allowed to react", etc., with compound
two.
[0385] "Treating" indicates the reasonable and usual manner in
which organic chemicals are allowed to react. Normal concentrations
(0.01M to 10M, typically 0.1M to 1M), temperatures (-100.degree. C.
to 250.degree. C., typically -78.degree. C. to 150.degree. C., more
typically -78.degree. C. to 100.degree. C., still more typically
0.degree. C. to 100.degree. C.), reaction vessels (typically glass,
plastic, metal), solvents, pressures, atmospheres (typically air
for oxygen and water insensitive reactions or nitrogen or argon for
oxygen or water sensitive), etc., are intended unless otherwise
indicated. The knowledge of similar reactions known in the art of
organic synthesis is used in selecting the conditions and apparatus
for "treating" in a given process. In particular, one of ordinary
skill in the art of organic sysnthesis selects conditions and
apparatus reasonably expected to successfully carry out the
chemical reactions of the described processes based on the
knowledge in the art.
[0386] Modification of the exemplified schemes and examples leads
to various analogs of the specific exemplary materials produced
above. The above citations describing suitable methods of organic
synthesis are applicable to such modifications.
[0387] In the exemplary schemes it may be advantageous to separate
reaction products from one another and/or from starting materials.
The desired products of each step or series of steps is separated
and/or purified (hereinafter separated) to the desired degree of
homogeneity by the techniques common in the art. Typically such
separations involve multiphase extraction, crystallization from a
solvent or solvent mixture, distillation, sublimation, or
chromatography. Chromatography can involve any number of methods
including, for example, size exclusion or ion exchange
chromatography, high, medium, or low pressure liquid
chromatography, small scale and preparative thin or thick layer
chromatography, as well as techniques of small scale thin layer and
flash chromatography. Such separations are desirable if addition
reactions place substituents at both of the pyrimidine nitrogen
atoms. Separation of these isomers is well within the skill of the
artisan.
[0388] Another class of separation methods involves treatment of a
mixture with a reagent selected to bind to or render otherwise
separable a desired product, unreacted starting material, reaction
by product, or the like. Such reagents include adsorbents or
absorbents such as activated carbon, molecular sieves, ion exchange
media, or the like. Alternatively, the reagents can be acids in the
case of a basic material, bases in the case of an acidic material,
binding reagents such as antibodies, binding proteins, selective
chelators such as crown ethers, liquid/liquid ion extraction
reagents (LIX), or the like.
[0389] Selection of appropriate methods of separation depends on
the nature of the materials involved. For example, boiling point,
and molecular weight in distillation and sublimation, presence or
absence of polar functional groups in chromatography, stability of
materials in acidic and basic media in multiphase extraction, and
the like. One skilled in the art will apply techniques most likely
to achieve the desired separation.
[0390] A synthetic route to
5-benzyl-2-phenyl-5H-imidazo[4,5-d]pyrimidine and analogues is
shown in Scheme A.
##STR00034##
[0391] Exemplary Ar COOH reactants are
##STR00035##
[0392] The following list includes additional carboxylic acid
reactants which may be employed in the condensation, ring closure
reaction of Scheme A. The compounds so produced will bear the
residue of the acid at the site of YR.sup.1. Optionally, the
remainder of the molecule will be for example as in any of the
compounds exemplified below.
TABLE-US-00008 Acid MW ##STR00036## 258.117 ##STR00037## 258.117
##STR00038## 158.103 ##STR00039## 174.558 ##STR00040## 191.013
##STR00041## 214.219 ##STR00042## 152.148 ##STR00043## 244.22
##STR00044## 164.159 ##STR00045## 190.12 ##STR00046## 191.013
##STR00047## 165.191 ##STR00048## 214.219 ##STR00049## 206.118
##STR00050## 194.229 ##STR00051## 164.159 ##STR00052## 178.23
##STR00053## 125.126 ##STR00054## 112.084 ##STR00055## 128.151
##STR00056## 124.099 ##STR00057## 200.213 ##STR00058## 201.201
##STR00059## 112.088 ##STR00060## 124.099 ##STR00061## 174.158
##STR00062## 240.257 ##STR00063## 166.175 ##STR00064## 137.137
##STR00065## 204.267 ##STR00066## 141.101 ##STR00067## 154.139
##STR00068## 173.17 ##STR00069## 173.17 ##STR00070## 178.21
##STR00071## 187.197 ##STR00072## 173.17 ##STR00073## 154.139
##STR00074## 112.088 ##STR00075## 192.169 ##STR00076## 187.197
##STR00077## 179.199 ##STR00078## 124.099 ##STR00079## 156.204
##STR00080## 189.173 ##STR00081## 113.072 ##STR00082## 146.144
##STR00083## 137.137 ##STR00084## 174.158 ##STR00085## 200.213
##STR00086## 200.213 ##STR00087## 252.272 ##STR00088## 250.256
##STR00089## 216.21 ##STR00090## 216.21 ##STR00091## 277.116
##STR00092## 215.251 ##STR00093## 215.251 ##STR00094## 126.114
##STR00095## 129.139 ##STR00096## 143.165 ##STR00097## 124.099
##STR00098## 127.099 ##STR00099## 126.114 ##STR00100## 222.238
##STR00101## 174.158 ##STR00102## 230.266 ##STR00103## 221.279
##STR00104## 257.107 ##STR00105## 223.614 ##STR00106## 140.141
##STR00107## 176.17 ##STR00108## 188.128 ##STR00109## 262.21
##STR00110## 187.197 ##STR00111## 178.15 ##STR00112## 176.17
##STR00113## 157.556 ##STR00114## 234.2 ##STR00115## 170.138
[0393] The following list includes alkylating reagents which may be
employed in the pyridyl alkylation reaction of Scheme A. Here, the
residue of the alkylating agent is located at the X R.sup.3 site of
the compound of this invention. Optionally, the remainder of the
compound will be as found in any of the compounds of examples.
TABLE-US-00009 Alkylating reagent MW ##STR00116## 195.475
##STR00117## 168.666 ##STR00118## 154.639 ##STR00119## 154.639
##STR00120## 145.588 ##STR00121## 190.672 ##STR00122## 338.832
##STR00123## 205.039 ##STR00124## 325.225 ##STR00125## 262.579
##STR00126## 228.721 ##STR00127## 207.016 ##STR00128## 307.03
##STR00129## 199.09 ##STR00130## 175.057 ##STR00131## 154.639
##STR00132## 216.663 ##STR00133## 218.682 ##STR00134## 275.144
##STR00135## 198.648 ##STR00136## 294.907 ##STR00137## 244.144
##STR00138## 222.084 ##STR00139## 152.623 ##STR00140## 118.523
##STR00141## 255.138 ##STR00142## 328.828 ##STR00143## 202.611
##STR00144## 281.123 ##STR00145## 170.638 ##STR00146## 257.023
##STR00147## 257.023 ##STR00148## 257.023 ##STR00149## 257.023
##STR00150## 257.023 ##STR00151## 257.023 ##STR00152## 255.032
##STR00153## 174.63 ##STR00154## 186.637 ##STR00155## 247.134
##STR00156## 190.672 ##STR00157## 204.676 ##STR00158## 257.023
##STR00159## 262.579 ##STR00160## 224.646 ##STR00161## 194.62
##STR00162## 262.617 ##STR00163## 237.042 ##STR00164## 275.144
##STR00165## 186.637 ##STR00166## 169.035 ##STR00167## 229.065
##STR00168## 250.727 ##STR00169## 324.526 ##STR00170## 261.569
##STR00171## 262.617 ##STR00172## 273.699 ##STR00173## 249.127
##STR00174## 131.561 ##STR00175## 210.581 ##STR00176## 303.154
##STR00177## 223.471 ##STR00178## 179.02 ##STR00179## 273.478
##STR00180## 257.023 ##STR00181## 257.023 ##STR00182## 241.12
##STR00183## 166.61 ##STR00184## 205.995 ##STR00185## 188.613
##STR00186## 277.696 ##STR00187## 133.602 ##STR00188## 208.647
##STR00189## 272.144 ##STR00190## 219.052 ##STR00191## 229.065
##STR00192## 209.699 ##STR00193## 226.648 ##STR00194## 132.613
##STR00195## 207.659 ##STR00196## 223.471 ##STR00197## 276.549
##STR00198## 168.047 ##STR00199## 162.566 ##STR00200## 224.646
##STR00201## 186.637 ##STR00202## 154.639 ##STR00203## 277.16
##STR00204## 263.133 ##STR00205## 231.088 ##STR00206## 200.648
##STR00207## 215.727 ##STR00208## 291.469 ##STR00209## 273.478
##STR00210## 237.498 ##STR00211## 237.498 ##STR00212## 223.471
##STR00213## 203.053 ##STR00214## 223.471 ##STR00215## 253.109
##STR00216## 203.053 ##STR00217## 203.053 ##STR00218## 273.478
##STR00219## 269.059 ##STR00220## 223.471 ##STR00221## 289.478
##STR00222## 269.059 ##STR00223## 253.06 ##STR00224## 253.06
##STR00225## 253.06 ##STR00226## 221.043 ##STR00227## 285.567
##STR00228## 344.203 ##STR00229## 261.569 ##STR00230## 212.078
##STR00231## 195.57 ##STR00232## 299.113 ##STR00233## 228.077
##STR00234## 193.632 ##STR00235## 223.471 ##STR00236## 255.961
##STR00237## 252.11 ##STR00238## 190.039
##STR00239## 176.012 ##STR00240## 237.099 ##STR00241## 238.087
##STR00242## 239.623 ##STR00243## 198.648 ##STR00244## 350.235
##STR00245## 252.11 ##STR00246## 236.111 ##STR00247## 320.206
##STR00248## 228.995 ##STR00249## 273.478 ##STR00250## 203.053
##STR00251## 214.036 ##STR00252## 203.053 ##STR00253## 214.036
##STR00254## 285.913 ##STR00255## 241.462 ##STR00256## 283.251
##STR00257## 177.064 ##STR00258## 267.922 ##STR00259## 350.235
##STR00260## 350.235 ##STR00261## 196.7 ##STR00262## 199.09
##STR00263## 199.09 ##STR00264## 199.09 ##STR00265## 199.09
##STR00266## 253.06 ##STR00267## 258.103 ##STR00268## 331.052
##STR00269## 88.5365 ##STR00270## 132.988 ##STR00271## 102.563
##STR00272## 144.644 ##STR00273## 144.044 ##STR00274## 296.239
##STR00275## 172.098 ##STR00276## 158.071 ##STR00277## 170.082
##STR00278## 186.081 ##STR00279## 184.109 ##STR00280## 149.663
##STR00281## 248.195 ##STR00282## 313.064 ##STR00283## 158.071
##STR00284## 186.124 ##STR00285## 230.133 ##STR00286## 129.589
##STR00287## 167.038 ##STR00288## ##STR00289## ##STR00290##
##STR00291## ##STR00292## ##STR00293## ##STR00294## ##STR00295##
##STR00296## ##STR00297## ##STR00298## ##STR00299## ##STR00300##
##STR00301## ##STR00302## ##STR00303## ##STR00304## ##STR00305##
##STR00306## ##STR00307## ##STR00308##
[0394] Scheme B shows a synthetic route to additional
imidazopyrimidines.
##STR00309##
[0395] Scheme C shows a synthetic route to the compounds of this
invention. R, R', and R'' can be any alkyl, benzylic or
heterobenzylic groups.
##STR00310##
[0396] Analogous compounds may be synthesized in the same fashion
as in the foregoing schemes by varying the starting materials,
intermediates, solvents and conditions as will be known by those
skilled in the art.
[0397] An additional method for making the compounds of this
invention involves reacting a (substituted) 3,4-diaminopyrimidine
(A) with B (Y--R.sup.1) to give imidazo[4,5-d]pyrimidines (C);
introducing further substituents (R.sup.2, R.sup.4 and/or R.sup.5
.noteq.H) either a) by cyclization of an appropriately substituted
3,4-diaminopyrimidine (A) or b)) by introduction of the
substituent(s) onto the imidazo[4,5-d]pyrimidine (C); reacting the
imidazo[4,5-c]pyrimidine (C) with an alkylating agent (D)
(R.sup.3-X-R.sup.6) in an appropriate solvent under addition of a
base at ambient temperature; and optionally, in the case of
hydroxy, mercapto or amino substituents in position 4 or 6 of the
imidazopyrimidine (Z=O, S or NR); introducing a further substituent
(R.sup.25 or R.sup.26) at position 1 or 3 of the
imidazo[4,5-d]pyrimidine.
[0398] Compounds of the invention also are conveniently prepared by
a two step process. First, a (substituted) 3,4-diaminopyrimidine
(A) is reacted with B to give imidazo[4,5-d]pyrimidines C (Scheme
1). If Y is COOH, then the cyclization is carried out under acidic
catalysis (preferably in polyphosphoric acid at a temperature
between 90 and 200.degree. C.); other methods include reaction in
4N hydrochloric acid at reflux temperature or neat at a temperature
between 90 and 180.degree. C. (for aliphatic carboxylic acids). In
the case of acid-sensitive groups like alkoxy or thiophene, the
reaction can be carried out in phosphorus oxychloride at a
temperature between 70 and 120.degree. C. Alternatively, reaction
with aldehydes (Y.dbd.CHO) or their bisulfite adducts under
oxidative conditions (nitrobenzene, DDQ, copper(II)acetate,
O.sub.2, sulfur etc.) gives imidazo[4,5-d]pyrimidines C. Other
methods are the reaction of (substituted) 3,4-diaminopyrimidines
(A) with orthoesters (Y.dbd.C(OR)), anhydrides (Y.dbd.OCOOR) or
acid halogenides (Y.dbd.COX), etc.
[0399] Further methods for the preparation of the compounds of the
invention are set forth in Schemes 1-5 below.
##STR00311##
The imidazo[4,5-d]pyrimidines C are present in four tautomeric
forms (1H, 3H, 4H, 6H).
[0400] Substituents, for example R.sup.2 and R.sup.4, are
introduced by two ways: i) by cyclization of an appropriately
substituted 3,4-diaminopyrimidine or ii) by introduction of the
substituent(s) onto the imidazo[4,5-d]pyrimidine. Nitroamino
pyrimidines are commercially available. Reduction of the nitro
group with iron in a mixture of concentrated hydrochloric acid and
ethanol gives the desired substituted 3,4-diaminopyrimidine
starting materials.
##STR00312##
[0401] This reaction gives mixtures of four alkylation products.
For example, reaction of imidazo[4,5-d]pyrimidine
C(R.sup.1=2,6-difluorophenyl, R.sup.2.dbd.R.sup.4.dbd.H) with
2,6-difluorobenzyl bromide would be expected to give the following
mixture.
##STR00313##
[0402] This mixture can be separated by column chromatography
(silica gel, eluent: mixture of dichloromethane and methanol). The
structures of the isolated components can then be assigned by NMR
spectroscopy by single crystal x-ray analysis.
[0403] Alternatively, the crude reaction mixture can be
recrystallized from an appropriate solvent (mixture), e.g. from a
mixture of diisopropyl ether and ethyl acetate, to give the pure
alkylated products.
##STR00314##
[0404] Compounds of general structure E, F, G and H can be prepared
by alkylation (for example with (cyclo)alkylbromide or
(cyclo)alkyliodide etc.) of the corresponding compounds where Z=O,
Z=S or Z=NR or their isomers. The resulting mixtures can be
separated by column chromatography. The required starting materials
are, for example, prepared from the corresponding chloro-analogues
by nucleophilic substitution, or by ether cleavage of the
corresponding alkoxy analogues.
##STR00315##
[0405] R=R.sup.19; further embodiments comprise replacing phe-R
with other R.sup.17.
##STR00316## ##STR00317##
[0406] Further embodiments: Replace 2 with other bromides
consistent with R.sup.3, replace 4 with other R.sup.17
precursors.
[0407] Scheme 5 shows further examples for the synthesis of
compounds with a substituted (het)aryl of the
imidazo[4,5-d]pyrirmidine ring system.
##STR00318##
[0408] Analogous compounds are synthesized in the same fashion as
in the foregoing schemes and the following examples by varying the
starting materials, intermediates, solvents and conditions as will
be known by those skilled in the art.
Example 1
##STR00319##
[0409] A
8-(2-Fluorophenyl)-purine
[0410] A mixture of 4,5-diaminopyrimidine (0.500 g),
2-fluorobenzoic acid (0.700 g) and polyphosphoric acid (25 mL) was
heated at 180.degree. C. for 3 hours. Then the reaction mixture was
cooled and poured into water (500 mL). The solution was adjusted to
pH=8-9 by addition of solid NaOH and the resulting precipitate was
collected by filtration, washed with water and dried to give
8-(2-fluorophenyl)-purine (off-white powder, 88.5%).
[0411] .sup.1H NMR (200 MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6) .delta. 13.79 (br s, 1H,
NH), 9.14 (s, 1H, purine-H), 8.95 (s, 1H, purine-H), 8.23 (m, 1H,
phenyl-H), 7.73-7.41 (m, 3H, phenyl-H).
B
8-(2-Fluorophenyl)-1-[(4-trifluoromethyl)phenylmethyl]-1H-purine
[0412] 8-(2-Fluorophenyl)-purine (430 mg) was dissolved in dry DMF
(4 mL), aqueous 30% NaOH solution (400 mg) was added and the
resulting mixture was stirred for 30 minutes. Then,
4-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl chloride (469 mg) was added and the
resulting mixture was stirred for 1 day at ambient temperature.
Water (200 mL) was and the resulting solution was extracted with
ethyl acetate (3.times.70 mL). The combined ethyl acetate phases
were dried (Na.sub.2SO.sub.4) and evaporated. The residue was
recrystallized from a mixture of diisopropyl ether (10 mL) and
ethyl acetate (30 mL) to give
8-(2-fluorophenyl)-1-[(4-trifluoromethyl)phenylmethyl]-1H-purine
(GPJN-179) as an off-white powder (yield: 18.9%, m.p.:
251-256.degree. C.).
[0413] .sup.1H NMR (200 MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6) .delta. 9.25 (d, 1H,
purine-H, J=2.0 Hz), 9.14 (d, 1H, purine-H, J=2.0 Hz), 8.33 (m, 1H,
phenyl-H), 7.83-7.65 (AA'BB', 4H, benzyl-H), 7.53 (m, 1H,
phenyl-H); 7.38-7.27 (m, 2H, phenyl-H), 5.78 (s, 2H, CH.sub.2).
Example 2
##STR00320##
[0414] A
8-(2,3-Difluorophenyl-purine
[0415] Synthesized as described above for
8-(2-fluorophenyl)-purine, except that 2,3-difluorobenzoic acid was
used instead of 2-fluorobenzoic acid (white powder, yield:
45.7%)
[0416] .sup.1H NMR (200 MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6) .delta. 13.70 (br s, 1H,
NH), 9.18 (s, 1H, purine-H), 8.97 (s, 1H, purine-H), 8.04-7.96 (m,
1H, phenyl-H), 7.78-7.64 (m, 1H, phenyl-H), 7.52-7.40 (m, 1H,
phenyl-H).
B
8-(2,3-Difluorophenyl)-1-[(4-trifluoromethyl)phenylmethyl]-1H-purine
[0417] Synthesized as described above for Example 1, except that
8-(2,3-difluorophenyl)-purine was used instead of
8-(2-fluorophenyl)-purine (white powder, yield: 9.4%, m.p.:
267-271.degree. C.).
[0418] .sup.1H NMR (200 MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6) .delta. 9.33 (d, 1H,
purine-H, J=2.0 Hz), 9.17 (d, 1H, purine-H, J=2.0 Hz), 8.14 (m, 1H,
phenyl-H), 7.82-7.67 (AA'BB', 4H, benzyl-H), 7.62-7.49 (m, 1H,
phenyl-H), 7.40-7.28 (m, 1H, phenyl-H), 5.79 (s, 2H, CH.sub.2).
Example 3
##STR00321##
[0420] Synthesized as described above for Example 1, except that
4-id (trifluoromethoxy)benzyl bromide was used instead of
4-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl chloride (white powder, yield: 11.2%,
m.p.: 224-228.degree. C.).
[0421] .sup.1H NMR (200 MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6) .delta. 9.24 (d, 1H,
purine-H, J=2.0 Hz), 9.13 (d, 1H, purine-H, J=2.0 Hz), 8.31 (m, 1H,
phenyl-H), 7.66-7.26 (m, 6H, 4 benzyl-H, 2 phenyl-H), 5.69 (s, 2H,
CH.sub.2).
Example 4
##STR00322##
[0423] Synthesized as described above for Example 2, except that
4-(trifluoromethoxy)benzyl bromide was used instead of
4-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl chloride (gray powder, yield: 21.5%,
m.p.: 254-258.degree. C.).
[0424] .sup.1H NMR (200 MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6) .delta. 9.34 (d, 1H,
purine-H, J=2.0 Hz), 9.19 (d, 1H, purine-H, J=2.0 Hz), 8.14 (m, 1H,
phenyl-H), 7.68-7.41 (AA'BB', 4H, benzyl-H), 7.59-7.29 (m, 2H,
phenyl-H), 5.72 (s, 2H, CH.sub.2).
Example 5
##STR00323##
[0426] Synthesized as described above for Example 2, except that
5-chloromethyl-3-(4-propoxyphenyl)-isoxazole was used instead of
4-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl chloride. Purified by column
chromatography (silica gel, eluent: dichloromethane:
methanol=20:1), followed by recrystallization (diisopropyl
ether/ethyl acetate). Colourless crystals, yield: 7.4%, m.p.:
228-231.degree. C.).
[0427] .sup.1H NMR (200 MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6) .delta. 9.34 (d, 1H,
purine-H, J=2.0 Hz), 9.15 (d, 1H, purine-H, J=2.0 Hz), 8.17 (m, 1H,
phenyl-H), 7.88-7.08 (AA'BB', 4H, benzyl-H), 7.63-7.48 (m, 1H,
phenyl-H), 7.41-7.30 (m, 1H, phenyl-H), 7.01 (s, 1H, isoxazole-H),
5.98 (s, 2H, CHF), 3.98 (t, 2H, OCH.sub.2, J=6.6 Hz), 1.73 (hex,
2H, CH.sub.2, j=6.6 Hz), 0.97 (t, 3H, CH, J=6.6 Hz).
Example 6
Preparation of
1-((3-(4-chlorophenyl)isoxazol-5-yl)methyl)-8-(2,3-difluorophenyl)-1H-pur-
ine
##STR00324##
[0429] 4,5-Diaminopyrimidine (1) (4.5 g, 0.04 moles) and
2,3-difluorobenzoic acid (2) (6.95 g, 0.044 moles) were suspended
in 100 mL of Eaton's Acid. The reaction mixture was heated in an
oil bath at 190.degree. C. for 2 hours and then poured into 800 mL
ice/water. Solid sodium hydroxide was added (59 g, 1.5 moles) to
adjust to pH 5, which resulted in the product precipitating from
solution. The product was filtered and washed twice with deionized
water and air dried. The crude product was recrystallized from
water/ethanol resulting in 8 g of pure product (3) (M+1=233).
[0430] Purine (3) (500 mg, 2.15 nmoles) was dissolved in 10 mL of
anhydrous DMF and 1.1 mL of sodium hydroxide solution (10% w/v) was
added. 5-(Chloromethyl)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)isoxazole (4) (587 mg,
2.6 mmoles) was added to the above reaction mixture and the
solution was stirred at room temperature overnight. The crude
product was triturated from water followed by recrystallization
from hot ethyl acetate. The precipitate was filtered to yield 30 mg
of the gold colored solid
1-((3-(4-chlorophenyl)isoxazol-5-yl)methyl)-8-(2,3-difluorophenyl)-1H-pur-
ine (5) in high purity as determined by analytical LC/MS (M+1=429)
and .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6) .delta. 5.99 (s, 2H), 7.17
(s, 1H), 7.34 (m, 1H), 7.55 (s, 1H), 7.56 (d, 2H), 7.87 (d, 2H),
8.14 (m, 1H), 9.14 (s, 1H), 9.32 (s, 1H).
Example 7
Determination of Antiviral (EC50) and Cytostatic Activity
(CC50)
Cells and Viruses
[0431] Madin-Darbey Bovine Kidney (MDBK) cells were maintained in
Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium (DMEM) supplemented with BVDV-free
5% fetal calf serum (DMEME-FCS) at 37.degree. C. in a humidified,
5% CO.sub.2 atmosphere.
Determination of Cytostatic Effect on MDBK Cells
[0432] The effect of the drugs on exponentially growing MDBK cells
was assessed as follows. Cells were seeded at a density of 5000
cell/well in 96 well plates in MEM medium (Gibco) supplemented with
10% fetal calf serum, 2 mM L-glutamine (Life Technologies) and
bicarbonate (Life Technologies). Cells were cultured for 24 hr
after which serial dilutions of the test compounds were added.
Cultures were then again further incubated for 3 days after which
the effect on cell growth was quantified by means of the MTS method
(Promega). The concentration that results in 50% inhibition of cell
growth is defined as the 50% cytostatic concentration
(CC.sub.50).
Anti-HCV assay/Replicon Assay
[0433] Huh-5-2 cells [a cell line with a persistent HCV replicon
I389luc-ubi-neo/NS3-3'/5.1; replicon with firefly
luciferase-ubiquitin-neomycin phosphotransferase fusion protein and
EMCV-IRES driven NS3-5B HCV polyprotein] was cultured in RPMI
medium (Gibco) supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum, 2 mM
L-glutamine (Life Technologies), 1.times. non-essential amino acids
(Life Technologies); 100 IU/ml penicillin and 100 ug/ml
streptomycin and 250 ug/ml G418 (Geneticin, Life Technologies).
Cells were seeded at a densitiy of 7000 cells per well in 96 well
View Plate.TM. (Packard) in medium containing the same components
as described above, except for G418. Cells were allowed to adhere
and proliferate for 24 hr. At that time, culture medium was removed
and serial dilutions of the test compounds were added in culture
medium lacking G418. Interferon alfa 2a (500 IU) was included as a
positive control. Plates were further incubated at 37.degree. C.
and 5% CO.sub.2 for 72 hours. Replication of the HCV replicon in
Huh-5 cells results in luciferase activity in the cells. Luciferase
activity is measured by adding 50 .mu.l of 1.times. Glo-lysis
buffer (Promega) for 15 minutes followed by 50 .mu.l of the
Steady-Glo Luciferase assay reagent (Promega). Luciferase activity
is measured with a luminometer and the signal in each individual
well is expressed as a percentage of the untreated cultures.
Parallel cultures of Huh-5-2 cells, seeded at a density of 7000
cells/well of classical 96-well cel culture plates
(Becton-Dickinson) are treated in a similar fashion except that no
Glo-lysis buffer or Steady-Glo Luciferase reagent is added. Instead
the density of the culture is measured by means of the MTS method
(Promega).
Quantitative Analysis of HCV RNA by Taqman Real-Time RT-PCR
[0434] Replicon cells were plated at 7.5.times.10.sup.3 cells per
well in a 96-well plate plates at 37.degree. C. and 5% CO.sub.2 in
Dulbecco's modified essential medium containing 10% fetal calf
serum, 1% nonessential amino acids and 1 mg/ml Geneticin. After
allowing 24 h for cell attachment, different dilutions of compound
were added to the cultures. Plates were incubated for 5 days, at
which time RNA was extracted using the Qiamp Rneazyi Kit (Qiagen,
Hilden, Germany). A 50 .mu.L PCR reaction contained TaqMan EZ
buffer (50 mmol/L Bicine, 115 mmol/L potassium acetate, 0.01 mmol/L
EDTA, 60 nmol/L 6-carboxy-X-rhodamine, and 8% glycerol, pH 8.2;
Perkin Elmer Corp./Applied Biosystems), 300 .mu.mol/L
deoxyadenosine triphosphate, 300 .mu.mol/L deoxyguanosine
triphosphate, 300 .mu.mol/L deoxycytidine triphosphate, 600
.mu.mol/L deoxyuridine triphosphate, 200 .mu.mol/L forward primer
[5'-ccg gcT Acc Tgc ccA TTc], 200 .mu.mol/L reverse primer [ccA GaT
cAT ccT gAT cgA cAA G], 100 .mu.mol/L TaqMan probe [6-FAM-AcA Tcg
cAT cgA gcg Agc Acg TAc-TAMRA], 3 mmol/L manganese acetate, 0.5 U
AmpErase uracil-N-glycosylase, 7.5 U rTth DNA polymerase, and 10
.mu.l of RNA elution. After initial activation of
uracil-N-glycosylase at 50.degree. C. for 2 minutes, RT was
performed at 60.degree. C. for 30 minutes, followed by inactivation
of uracil-N-glycosylase at 95.degree. C. for 5 minutes. Subsequent
PCR amplification consisted of 40 cycles of denaturation at
94.degree. C. for 20 seconds and annealing and extension at
62.degree. C. for 1 minute in an ABI 7700 sequence detector. For
each PCR run, negative template and positive template samples were
used. The cycle threshold value (Ct-value) is defined as the number
of PCR cycles for which the signal exceeds the baseline, which
defines a positive value. The sample was considered to be positive
if the Ct-value was <50. Results are expressed as genomic
equivalents (GE).
Example 8
Assay Results
[0435] All of the compounds of examples 1-6 exhibited excellent
anti-HCV antiviral activity and low toxicity.
* * * * *