U.S. patent application number 12/371569 was filed with the patent office on 2009-08-20 for methods and compositions for improving the surface properties of fabrics, garments, textiles and other substrates.
Invention is credited to Bakul DAVE.
Application Number | 20090206296 12/371569 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 40954246 |
Filed Date | 2009-08-20 |
United States Patent
Application |
20090206296 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
DAVE; Bakul |
August 20, 2009 |
METHODS AND COMPOSITIONS FOR IMPROVING THE SURFACE PROPERTIES OF
FABRICS, GARMENTS, TEXTILES AND OTHER SUBSTRATES
Abstract
The present invention discloses the use of organosilanes as a
semi-permanent surface treatment for fabrics, textiles, and other
materials. The present invention discloses a composition for this
treatment comprising an organosilane, a catalyst, water, and a
solvent. The present invention further discloses methods for
improving water repellency and for providing other enhanced
benefits to a substrate wherein the methods include contacting the
substrate with a solution of water and a silane-based composition,
removing excess solution from the substrate, and drying the
substrate.
Inventors: |
DAVE; Bakul; (Carbondale,
IL) |
Correspondence
Address: |
Reed Smith, LLP
10 SOUTH WACKER DRIVE
CHICAGO
IL
60606-7507
US
|
Family ID: |
40954246 |
Appl. No.: |
12/371569 |
Filed: |
February 13, 2009 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
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61028617 |
Feb 14, 2008 |
|
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|
Current U.S.
Class: |
252/8.62 ;
252/8.61; 252/8.63 |
Current CPC
Class: |
D06M 13/51 20130101;
C11D 11/0017 20130101; C11D 3/43 20130101; C11D 3/0015 20130101;
D06M 2200/12 20130101; C11D 3/162 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
252/8.62 ;
252/8.63; 252/8.61 |
International
Class: |
D06M 13/51 20060101
D06M013/51 |
Claims
1. A silane-based composition, the composition comprising: an
organosilane; an acid catalyst; a solvent; and water.
2. The composition of claim 2, wherein the organosilane has a
general formula selected from the group consisting of
(X).sub.nSi(R).sub.4-n and (X).sub.nSi--(R).sub.4-nSi(X).sub.n and
combinations thereof; wherein X is selected from the group
consisting of halides, alkoxides, carboxylates, phosphates,
sulfates, hydroxides, hydrides, oxides, and combinations thereof;
and wherein R is selected from the group consisting of an alkyl,
alkenyl, alkynyl, phenyl, benzenyl hydrocarbon, and fluorocarbon
chain with 1-20 carbon atoms, and combinations thereof.
3. The composition of claim 1 further comprising at least one
compound selected from the group consisting of a thickener, an
emulsifier and a stabilizer.
4. The composition of claim 3, wherein the thickener is selected
from the group consisting of polyethylene glycol, polypropylene
oxide, polyvinyl alcohol, and combinations thereof.
5. The composition of claim 1, wherein the solvent is selected from
the group consisting of acetone, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol,
butanol, ethyl lactate, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol,
glycerol, and combinations thereof.
6. The composition of claim 1 wherein the organosilane is present
in an amount of about 0.1% by weight to about 90% by weight.
7. The composition of claim 1 wherein the water is present in an
amount of about 1% by weight to about 75% by weight.
8. The composition of claim 1 wherein the catalyst is present in an
amount of about 0.1% by weight to about 10% by weight.
9. The composition of claim 3 wherein the stabilizer is present in
an amount of about 0.1% by weight to about 1% by weight.
10. The composition of claim 3 wherein the thickener is present in
an amount of about 0.1% by weight to about 1% by weight.
11. The composition of claim 1 wherein the solvent is present in an
amount of about 10% by weight to about 90% by weight.
12. The composition of claim 1 wherein the composition is a product
used for care and treatment of fabric.
13. The composition of claim 1 wherein the composition has a pH in
the range of about 2.5 to about 7.5.
14. A method for applying a treatment to a substrate comprising:
contacting the substrate with a solution of water and the
composition of claim 1; removing, from the substrate, the excess
solution; and drying the substrate; wherein the treatment produces
a beneficial property.
15. The method of claim 14 wherein the beneficial property is stain
resistance.
16. The method of claim 14 wherein the beneficial property is water
repellency.
17. The method of claim 14 wherein the beneficial property is
softness.
18. The method of claim 14 wherein the beneficial property is
brightness and optical gloss.
19. The method of claim 14 wherein the beneficial property is
resistance to microbial adhesion and growth, and reduction of
odors.
20. The method of claim 14 wherein the beneficial property is
retention of visual appearance with respect to wear and tear
associated with normal care.
21. The method of claim 14 wherein the beneficial property is a
reduction in optical fading and chromatic shifts.
22. The method of claim 14 wherein the beneficial property is a
reduction in surface deterioration, pilling, and lint
formation.
23. The method of claim 14 further comprising blending at least one
organosilane, an acid catalyst, a solvent, and water with at least
one compound selected from the group consisting of a thickener, an
emulsifier and a stabilizer to form a silane-based composition.
24. The method of claim 14 wherein the silane-based composition is
in the form of a spray.
25. The method of claim 15 wherein the silane-based composition is
in the form of a liquid conditioner.
26. The method of claim 14, wherein the substrate is a fabric and
the contacting and the removing occurs in an automatic washing
machine.
27. The method of claim 14, wherein the substrate is a fabric and
the removing of excess solution from the fabric occurs during a
spin cycle of the automatic washing machine.
28. The method of claim 14, wherein the substrate is a fabric and
the drying occurs in an automatic tumble dryer.
29. The method of claim 14, wherein the substrate is a fabric and
the drying includes applying heat to the fabric.
30. The method of claim 14, wherein the substrate is a fabric and
further wherein the fabric is selected from the group consisting of
cotton, polyester, rayon, nylon, acetate, silk, wool, and
combinations thereof.
31. The method of claim 14 wherein the substrate is a fabric and
further wherein the method is carried out as part of an industrial
textile treatment process prior to manufacturing a fabric into
garments.
32. The method of claim 14 wherein the substrate is a fabric and
further wherein the method is carried out as part of a domestic,
commercial, or industrial laundering process for garments.
33. The method of claim 14 wherein the drying occurs under ambient
conditions.
34. A method for increasing the shelf stability of an organosilane
composition comprising: blending at least one organosilane, an acid
catalyst, a solvent, and water to form a silane-based composition;
and monitoring the stability of the composition under ambient
conditions.
35. The method of claim 34 further comprising blending at least one
organosilane, an acid catalyst, a solvent, and water with at least
one compound selected from the group consisting of a thickener, an
emulsifier and a stabilizer to form a silane-based composition.
Description
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
[0001] This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional
Application Ser. No. 61/028,617, incorporated herein by reference,
which was filed Feb. 14, 2008, to the extent allowed by law.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0002] The invention relates to organosilane compositions, methods
of making such compositions and methods for improving water
repellency and other surface properties of fabrics, garments,
textiles, and other materials using such compositions.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0003] Fabrics made from both natural and man-made fibers have an
intrinsic tendency to absorb water due to the presence of
hydrogen-bonding interactions on the surface. Textiles, fabrics,
and garments are typically made of natural and synthetic fibers
with functional groups that can participate in hydrogen bonding
interactions. These interactions can be within the fibers of the
garment or with exogenous molecules that come in contact with the
fabrics during normal usage as well as during cleaning and normal
fabric care processes. While all fibers typically have some
hydrogen bonding groups, natural fibers made of cotton, wool, and
other natural substances are characterized by a significant number
of hydrogen bonding sites.
[0004] Fabrics and garments with hydrogen bonding sites react
chemically and the nature and extent of these chemical reactions
play a major role in the functional lifetime of such textiles.
Similarly, interaction with humans during normal wear dictates a
consumer's experience with these textiles. Consumers deem several
factors critical to the useful lifetime of fabrics, garments, and
textiles: a) breathability and feel of garments, 2) color
retention, brightness, gloss and look of fabrics, 3) cleanliness of
garments, 4) absence of bad odors, and 5) lack of fading and
rupture of surface fibrils that deteriorate the fabric structure of
garments.
[0005] Textiles, fabrics and garments made from natural and/or
synthetic yarn and fibers are normally coated with a somewhat
chemically inert coating (during their production and initial
fabrication) that gives them the "new" look when they are brand
new. However, prolonged usage as well normal fabric care processes
associated with washing, cleaning, and laundering rapidly deplete
the surface layer thereby exposing the native unprotected fibers.
As a result, new fabrics gradually acquire the look of used fabrics
after 2-3 cycles of wear and washing, or cleaning. Furthermore,
these exposed fibers are more susceptible to chemical reactions
with enzymes and other cleaning agents in the soaps and detergents.
Over prolonged usage of such cleaning agents, fabrics and garments
acquire the faded worn-out look due to surface pilling and
irreversible adsorption of soiling and/or stain causing
molecules.
[0006] The disruption of surface fibrils responsible for pilling of
fabrics and loss of fiber mass in the form of lint also causes a
fading of the colors and loss of surface smoothness in fabrics.
This deterioration of surface fibrils causes light to scatter
across the fabric surface and reduces the glossy finish desired by
consumers. Therefore, prevention of pilling and loss of surface
fibril structure is important to prolonging the useful life of
fabrics and garments.
[0007] At a molecular level, the chemical interactions of fabrics
are characterized by surface hydrogen bonding interactions that
give rise to adhesion of water, staining agents, dirt and soil,
bodily secretions, cellular components, microbes, and other
exogenous entities that can bind to the fabric surface. In the same
way, different chemical components in a detergent also bind to the
surface of fabrics during the normal cleaning and laundry
processes. The adhesion of these molecules to the surface of the
fabric is facilitated by the hydrogen bonding sites on the textile
fibers of the fabric.
[0008] A typical fabric cleaning process employs similar
interactions for removal of soil and for cleaning of the fabrics. A
fabric's ability to absorb water during the washing process is
directly related to the surface hydrogen bonding sites. Subsequent
drying times are dictated by the density of hydrogen bonding
interactions. As such, polyester fabrics, for example, (which
contain fewer hydrogen bonding sites) absorb less water during the
washing process and also dry faster due to easy evaporation of
water molecules. Therefore, the use of a coating to reduce the
number of surface hydrogen bonding sites on fabrics or garments can
minimize surface wetting and prevent adhesion of water, dirt, or
other molecules to the surface of garments. This reduced binding of
water means the fabrics are water resistant and easier to dry.
[0009] An additional factor in the wear and comfort of textiles
relates to softness, fluffiness, and smoothness of fabrics. These
attributes are related to mechanical properties of garments,
specifically, to fibers that interact significantly with each other
through hydrogen bonding interactions on the surface of a garment.
Increased inter-fiber interactions mediated by hydrogen bonding
interactions cause an increase in mechanical stiffness of fabrics.
Strategies for imparting softness in fabrics normally employ
reduction of inter-fiber interactions to make the fabrics soft and
elastic.
[0010] Overall, the performance, wearability and useful life of
fabrics and textiles is governed by chemical reactions mediated by
hydrogen bonding sites on the fibers. The ability to control and
regulate these reactions is key to enhancing the wearability and
useful life of garments while, at the same time, minimizing the
effort required for routine fabric care.
[0011] The principal reactants in chemical reactions on the surface
of fabrics are the surface hydroxyl groups that bind to different
chemical agents leading to adsorption of dirt and staining agents
which make clothes dirty and soiled. The strength of these
reactions dictates whether the stains are permanent or easily
removable by dissolving them in detergent. Adsorption of different
molecules on the surface of fabrics is also responsible for the
development of odor in garments. Typically the odor causing
molecules are gaseous molecules that can adsorb on the surface via
hydrogen bonding interactions. An additional cause of malodor
development in fabrics is the growth of mold, mildew, bacteria, and
other microorganisms which attach to the fabrics and release
metabolic products that give rise to odor causing molecules.
[0012] Organosilanes have been used in some treatments of fabrics
and other substrates impart water repellency. However, one problem
with such prior art compositions is that they are typically
aerosols and not aqueous solutions. Also, typically such prior art
compositions are not easily applied by the consumer and often
require professional application of the water repellant
composition. This aspect of the prior art compositions renders them
relatively costly to apply and subject to one-time or infrequent
application.
[0013] One of the problems frequently associated with organosilane
based compositions is physical instability upon storage. This
problem is usually accentuated when the composition is stored for
significantly longer periods (e.g., greater than six months) at low
temperatures (e.g., at 5 degrees C. or below) or at elevated
temperatures (60 degrees C. or above). Physical instability can
manifest itself as a thickening, gelling or solidification of
organosilane. This thickening can occur to a level at which the
liquid is no longer pourable, and can even lead to the formation of
an irreversible gel. Such thickening is very undesirable because
the composition can thereafter no longer be conveniently used for
its intended purpose and/or it is unattractive to the consumer. For
example, stable fabric conditioning concentrates are increasingly
desired by the consumer. Generally, it would be desirable to have
shelf-stabile organosilane based compositions.
[0014] Consumers may benefit from stable textile treatments that
can be stored for extended periods under normal ambient temperature
fluctuations, because such treatments can be applied to garments
during normal usage and/or the fabric care process. It is
preferable that these treatments: a) are simple products that
consumers can use in their homes; b) are methods that consumers can
apply during the normal laundry process; c) do not adversely affect
the cleaning process and or detergent action required for
laundering fabrics; d) are stable for extended durations without
undergoing any phase change, change in structural consistency, or
performance; and e) are effective in enhancing the desired
characteristics of the fabric without leaving any visually
perceptible residue on the surface that would negatively influence
the visual appeal of the fabric. In many situations, it is
desirable to dry fabrics following such treatment; however, the
drying process may require a significant amount of energy depending
upon the strength of the bond between the water and the fabric.
Therefore, it would be more desirable to provide fabrics and other
materials with water repellent properties that would reduce the
energy required to dry them.
[0015] It would also be desirable to have treatment methods which
provide 1) stain resistance, 2) water repellency, 3) softness, 4)
brightness and optical gloss, 4) resistance to microbial adhesion
and growth, and reduction of odors, 5) retention of visual
appearance with respect to wear and tear associated with normal
care, and 6) reduction of optical fading, chromatic shifts, surface
deterioration, pilling, and lint formation in the surface to
textiles, fabrics, garments and other substrates. It would be
further desirable if such methods employ a shelf-stable
organosilane based composition.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0016] The present invention discloses the use of organosilane(s)
as a semi-permanent surface treatment for substrates such as
fabrics, garments, textiles, and other materials. These
organosilanes adhere to the surface of the substrates via a
combination of covalent and/or noncovalent interactions. A benefit
of this treatment is that fabrics and other materials retain the
native characteristics such as color, texture, breathability and
overall feel while at the same time exhibiting enhanced optical
properties, softness, smoothness, and overall ease of wearability.
Some of the beneficial properties which result from this treatment
are, without limitation: 1) stain resistance, 2) water repellency,
3) softness, 4) brightness and optical gloss, 4) resistance to
microbial adhesion and growth, and reduction of odors, 5) retention
of visual appearance with respect to wear and tear associated with
normal care, and 6) reduction of optical fading, chromatic shifts,
surface deterioration, pilling, and lint formation in the surface
to which the treatment is applied.
[0017] The present invention further discloses a composition
comprising: a) an effective amount of an organosilane or mixtures
thereof, b) a catalyst, c) water, d) a solvent, and e) optionally,
an emulsifier, thickener, or stabilizer for liquid conditioner
applications. In an embodiment of the present invention, the
organosilane composition is supplied in a liquid form that is
suitable for use as a spray or as a liquid rinse conditioner,
either of which is stable and maintains its liquid state without
gelling under ambient conditions for extended periods of time.
[0018] The present invention also discloses a method for improving
the water repellency and other properties including 1) stain
resistance, 2) water repellency, 3) softness, 4) brightness and
optical gloss, 4) resistance to microbial adhesion and growth, and
reduction of odors, 5) retention of visual appearance with respect
to wear and tear associated with normal care, and 6) reduction of
optical fading, chromatic shifts, surface deterioration, pilling,
and lint formation of fabrics and various materials comprising: a)
treating the substrate with the composition, b) removing the excess
solution from the substrate, and c) drying the composition under
ambient conditions or alternatively, drying the composition at an
elevated temperature in a dryer. Use of the composition in the
present invention also may serve as a water and energy saving aid
since the fabric, when treated with the organosilane composition,
will absorb less water during the washing process and dry more
quickly.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0019] FIG. 1 illustrates a method for improving the water
repellency of fabric according to one embodiment of the present
invention;
[0020] FIGS. 2a and 2b illustrate the increased stain repellency
after treatment of a fabric with a composition achieved according
to the principles of the present invention;
[0021] FIG. 3 is a graph demonstrating the gradual weight change of
shirts after washing and through the drying process for untreated
fabrics and fabrics treated according to the principles of the
present invention;
[0022] FIG. 4 is a graph illustrating the reduced bacterial growth
for treated fabrics achieved according to the principles of the
present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PRESENT INVENTION
[0023] The invention is directed to methods and compositions for
improving the surface properties of fabric and other materials and
substrates. In some embodiments, the methods and compositions may
improve stain resistance and other properties of fabric or other
materials. In the examples which follow, the beneficial properties
achieved may be imparted to fabrics and other materials, such as
glass, plastics, ceramics, composites, metal, paper, wood, and
leather, as well as other substrates. The terms "halides,"
"alkoxides," "carboxylates," "phosphates," "sulfates" "hydroxides,"
"hydrides" and "oxides" are intended to have their art-recognized
meanings. The terms "alkyl," "alkenyl," "alkynyl," "phenyl,"
"benzenyl hydrocarbon," and "fluorocarbon" are also intended to
have their art-recognized meanings.
Silane-Based Compositions
[0024] The treatment composition of the present invention comprises
organosilane monomers, oliogomers, particles, polymers and/or gels
of organosilicate materials made from a single component or
mixtures of starting materials with the general formula
(X).sub.nSi(R).sub.4-n and/or (X).sub.nSi--(R).sub.4-n--Si(X).sub.n
where X is selected from the group consisting of halides,
alkoxides, carboxylates, phosphates, sulfates, hydrides,
hydroxides, and/or oxides and n=1, 2, or 3 and R is selected from
the group consisting of alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, phenyl, or
benzenyl hydrocarbon and/or fluorocarbon chain with 1-20 carbon
atoms. The composition of the present invention further comprises
water, at least one catalyst, at least one solvent to dissolve or
disperse the components, and mixtures thereof. In an alternate
embodiment the composition of the present invention may further
comprise a stabilizer to improve the shelf-life; a thickener to
achieve and maintain the desired viscosity, an emulsifier, a
perfume, a dye, a preservative; or mixtures of any two or more such
components. The composition of the present invention can also
contain other ingredients to provide additional fabric care
benefits, and/or to improve performance and formulation.
[0025] The composition of the present invention may be applied to
fabrics or other materials as a liquid, a gel, or a particulate
additive. The composition may be applied during the wash or rinse
cycle of a routine laundry process.
[0026] Depending upon the application of the treatment composition,
the amount (by % weight) of an organosilane or mixture of
organosilanes in the composition can vary typically from about 0.1%
to about 90%, preferably from about 1% to about 60%, and more
preferably from about 3% to about 250%, by weight of the fabric
treatment composition. The amount (by % weight) of water in the
composition can vary from 0.001% to about 99%, preferably from
about 1% to about 75%, and more preferably from about 2% to about
20%, by weight of the fabric treatment composition. The amount (by
% weight) of a catalyst in the composition can vary from 0.001% to
about 20%, preferably from about 0.1% to about 10%, more preferably
from about 2% to about 5%, by weight of the fabric treatment
composition. The amount (by % weight) of a stabilizer in the
composition can vary from 0.1% to about 10%, preferably from about
0.1% to about 1%, and more preferably from about 0.2% to about
0.5%, by weight of the fabric treatment composition. The amount (by
% weight) of thickener in the composition can vary from 0.1% to
about 10%, preferably from about 0.1% to about 1%, more preferably
from about 0.2% to about 0.5%, by weight of the fabric treatment
composition. The amount (by % weight) of the solvent in the
composition can vary from 1% to about 99.999%, preferably from
about 10% to about 90%, and more preferably from about 50% to about
80%, by weight of the fabric treatment composition. The amount (by
% weight) of the fragrance can vary from 0% to about 15%,
preferably from about 0.1% to about 6%, and more preferably from
about 0.2% to about 5%, by weight of the fabric treatment
composition.
[0027] The compositions of the invention have a pH of at least
about 1.5, and less than about 5, preferably the pH is from about
2.5 to about 6, and more preferably from about 4 to about 7.5.
[0028] Examples of useful catalysts for the composition of the
invention include without limitation: a) inorganic acids HCl,
HNO.sub.3, H.sub.2SO.sub.4, H.sub.3PO.sub.4, and b) organic acids:
RCOOH where R is alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, phenyl, or benzenyl
hydrocarbon chain with 1-20 carbon atoms; or c) dicarboxylic acids,
HOOC--(CH.sub.2)n-COOH with n=1-10. Specific carboxylic acids such
as phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, lactic acid,
maleic acid, malic acid, fumaric acid, tartaric acid, citric acid,
isocitric acid, aconitic acid, and amino acids may be used.
Polycarboxylic acids such as polyacrylic acids may also be used.
Protonated amines N(H/R)-3-n[HX] where X=halides, nitrates,
phosphates, sulfates, and n=0, 1, or 2 and R is alkyl, alkenyl,
alkynyl, phenyl, or benzenyl hydrocarbon chain may also be
selected. Quaternary ammonium silanes such as
Octadecyldimethyl(3-trimethoxysilylpropyl)ammonium chloride, (2-N
benzylaminoethyl)-3-aminopropyl trimethoxysilane, hydrochloride;
n,n-Didecyl-n-methyl-n-(3-trimethoxysilylpropyl)ammonium chloride;
and Tetradecyldimethyl(3-trimethoxysilylpropyl)ammonium chloride,
N-(trimethoxysilylethyl)benzyltrimethylammonium chloride may also
be selected.
[0029] Examples of useful solvents include alcohols, ketones, and
esters and similar compounds. Specifically, more preferred solvents
include ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol, t-butanol and
similar compounds. Additionally, the following solvents may be
used: polyols such as, for example, ethylene glycol, propylene
glycol, glycerol, and esters such as, for example, benzyl acetate,
ethyl acetate, and lactic acetate.
[0030] Examples of thickeners and emulsifiers include, pectin,
maltodextrose, carbomer (carbopol) polymers, propylene glycol,
ethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, glycerol, polypropylene
glycol, polyethylene oxide, polypropylene oxide, copolymers of
PEO-PPO, copolymer PEG-PPG, PEG-functionalized silicone polymers
(viscosity 10-600 cSt), PEO-functionalized silicone polymers
(viscosity 10-600 cSt); PPO-functionalized silicone polymers
(viscosity 10-600 cSt) Polysaccharides, starches, agar,
carrageenan, and gums and similar compounds. Emulsifiers such as
sorbitol, and triton x-100 may also be used.
[0031] As is known in the art, in addition to the above compounds,
examples of stabilizers may also include; hydrogen chloride (HCl)
and sodium hydroxide (NaOH).
[0032] Examples of fragrances may include aldehydes, alcohols,
ketones or esters of the types generally used in perfumes; amyl
benzoate, benzophenone, benzyl salicylate, cyclohexyl salicylate,
carvacrol, citral, citronellol, anisole, benzaldehyde, benzyl
acetate, benzyl acetone, benzyl alcohol, benzyl formate, benzyl iso
valerate, benzyl propionate, dimethyl benzyl carbinol, ethyl
benzoate, ethyl cinnamate, ethyl hexyl ketone, fructone, frutene
(tricyclo decenyl propionate), cyclohexyl ethyl alcohol, geraniol,
alpha-ionone, isobornyl acetate, isobutyl benzoate, and isononyl
alcohol and similar compounds.
[0033] The treatment conditioner product of the present invention
may be in the form of a liquid, gel, paste, spray, or foam, for
example. Examples of the commercial product include a spray, a
soaking product, a rinse additive conditioner, a finishing agent,
or a main wash product integrated with a suitable liquid detergent
formulation. The composition of the present invention may be
applied to a fabric, garment or other substance via dipping,
soaking, misting, or via a spraying process, followed by a drying
step. Compositions of the present invention may include, for
example: a) spray compositions for independent in-home or
commercial treatments, and b) fabric conditioning compositions for
use in the rinse cycle of a laundry process, in particular the
rinse cycle of a domestic or industrial laundry process. The
compositions of the present invention are preferably present as a
clear liquid for use as a spray, or as a viscous liquid for use as
a rinse additive conditioner, either of which is stable and
maintains its liquid state without gelling under ambients
conditions for extended periods of time. See Tables, 1, 1a, and 1b
below. The compositions according to the present invention
preferably have a viscosity in the range of about 0.3 cP to about 5
cP for spray compositions and about 100 cP to about 450 cP in the
form of liquid conditioner formulations. It is a particular
advantage of the present invention that viscosities in this range
can be achieved without the use of expensive additional viscosity
control agents in the formulations, as is known in the art.
[0034] Without wishing to be bound by theory, it is believed that
the organosilane(s) improve fabric properties by binding to the
fibers in the fabric. It is believed that the organosilane
molecules interact with the hydrogen bonding sites of the fibers
via the silanol terminals of the hydrolyzed silanes. It is believed
that when the organic groups on the silanol species bond to the
fibers, their environment thereby alters a majority of the fabric
surface such that the majority of the surface is comprised of
hydro(fluoro)carbon chains. It is believed that this reduction in
surface hydrogen binding sites is responsible for the functional
enhancement of the garments observed in the present invention.
[0035] Without wishing to be bound by theory, it is believed that,
within the compositions of the invention, the organosilane species
are stabilized in the liquid state without undergoing chemical
reactions to form gels and/or solids. Typically, the liquid
compositions of the present invention can be stable for extended
periods without exhibiting any change in physical state,
consistency, viscosity or functional performance. It is believed
that the formation of gels and solids by the organosilane compounds
of the present invention is prevented by the hydrogen bonding,
cationic or anionic additives in the composition which provide the
dual functions of: a) acting as dispersion aids, and b) acting as
silanol condensation inhibitors.
[0036] In the field of the art, the term "silica-based
compositions" is commonly used to refer to the hydrolyzed silanes
which are present in the compositions of the present invention.
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 General Compositions Component General Type
Weight % Spray Formulation Organosilane Terminal R group
(X).sub.nSi(R).sub.4-n 0.1 to 20 And/or bridging R Group
(Preferably 0.2-10 (X).sub.nSi--(R).sub.4-n--Si(X).sub.n Or More
preferably 0.5-5) mixtures Acid Catalyst Inorganic or Organic
0.001% to 5% Water 0.001% to 5% Solvent Alcohol (ethanol, balance
isopropoanol, Butanol, sec- butanol, t-butanol). Ketones. Fragrance
Various 0.1 to 2% (optional) Conditioner Formulation Organosilane
Terminal R group (X).sub.nSi(R).sub.4-n 1 to 60 And/or bridging R
Group (More preferably 5-25) (X).sub.nSi--(R).sub.3-n--Si(X).sub.n
Or mixtures Acid Catalyst Inorganic or Organic 0.001% to 5% Water
1% to 75% (more preferably 5-25) H-bonding, Various embodiments
0.1% to 10% cationic or anionic species. (thickener, emulsifier,
stabilizer) Solvent Alcohol, ketone or ester balance Fragrance
various embodiments 0.1 to 2% (optional)
TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 1a Examples of Spray Compositions with
Stability Data Chemical Weight Percent Stability Composition I
HexylTrimethoxy Silane 5 Visual observance of 0.04 M HCl 0.001
stability for at least Isopropanol Balance 3 years Composition II
OctylTrimethoxy Silane 5 Visual observance of 0.04 M HCl 0.001
stability for at least Isopropanol Balance 2.5 years Composition
III HexadecylTrimethoxy Silane 5 Visual observance of 0.04 M HCl
0.001 stability for at least Isopropanol Balance 2.5 years
Composition IV OctadecylTrimethoxy Silane 5 Visual observance of
0.04 M HCl 0.001 stability for at least Isopropanol Balance 3 years
Composition V 1,6-Bis(trimethoxysilyl)- 5 Visual observance of
Hexane stability for at least 0.04 M HCl 0.001 3 years Isopropanol
Balance Composition V 1,8-Bis(trimethoxysilyl)- 5 Visual observance
of Octane stability for at least 0.04 M HCl 0.001 3 years
Isopropanol Balance
TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 1b Examples of Rinse Compositions and
Stability Data Chemical Weight Percent Stability Composition I
HexylTrimethoxy Silane 25 Visual observance of 0.04 M HCl 0.1
stability for at least Polyethylene oxide 1% 2 years Isopropanol
Balance Composition II HexadecylTrimethoxy Silane 25 Visual
observance of 0.04 M HCl 0.1 stability for at least Polyethylene
oxide 1% 1 year Isopropanol 95 Composition Tested III
OctadecylTrimethoxy Silane 25 Visual observance of 0.04 M HCl 0.1
stability for at least Carbomer 910 1% 2 years Ethanol 95
Composition Tested IV HexylTrimethoxy Silane 25 Visual observance
of 0.04 M HCl 0.1 stability for at least Polyethylene oxide 1% 2
years Isopropanol 94 Composition Tested V HexylTrimethoxy Silane 15
Visual observance of citric acid 5 stability for at least
Octadecyldimethyl(3- 5% 1.2 years trimethoxysilypropyl) ammonium
chloride Water 24 Ethanol Balance Composition Tested VI
HexadecylTrimethoxy Silane 25 Visual observance of Malic acid 5
stability for at least N-Trimethoxysilypropyl, N, 5% 1 year
N,N-trimethyl ammonium chlorde Water 24 Isopropanol Balance
Composition Tested VII HexylTrimethoxy Silane 15 Visual observance
of 0.04 M HCl 0.1 stability for at least Dimethylsiloxane-Ethylene
10% 1 year oxide Copolymer &5% non- siloxane (Gelest DBE712)
Water 25 Isopropanol Balance
[0037] Formulations of the type illustrated in the previous tables
above may be mixed with any alkoxysilane with a terminal or
bridging R group. The compounds with chains longer than 6 carbon
atoms generally may exhibit greater shelf stability than compounds
with fewer than 6 carbon atoms in embodiments of the invention
which include premixed consumer products.
Methods of Improving Water Repellency and Other Properties of
Fabrics and Various Materials
[0038] An embodiment of the present invention also discloses a
method for improving the water repellency of fabrics and other
materials comprising: a) blending the organosilane compound, a
catalyst, a solvent, and water to form a silane-based composition,
b) treating the substrate with the composition, c) removing the
excess solution from the substrate, and d) drying the composition
under ambient conditions or alternatively, curing the composition
at an elevated temperature in a dryer. FIG. 1 illustrates a method
100 for improving water repellency of a fabric 110 according to one
embodiment. This method 100 comprises contacting the fabric 110
with an aqueous solution 120 or treatment solution that comprises
water and a silane-based composition. In this embodiment, the
solution is used primarily to improve water repellent properties of
the fabric 110 through the creation or deposition of a coating on
the fabric 110. Additionally, the solution 120 can also serve
auxiliary functions such as cleaning and conditioning the fabric.
The fabric 110 can also be contacted with a plurality of other
solutions, concurrently or separately with the treatment solution
providing the water repellent properties and, concurrently or
separately from each other, each solution serving a different
purpose. For example, the fabric 110 could be contacted with one or
more solutions to clean or remove stains from the fabric 110,
condition the fabric 110, or treat the fabric 110 to improve stain
resistance.
[0039] In an embodiment, the fabric 110 is contacted with the
aqueous solution 120 either by adding the fabric 110 to the aqueous
solution 120 or adding the aqueous solution 120 to the fabric 110.
The fabric 110 and aqueous solution 120 mixture can be agitated or
stirred to ensure even contact between the fabric and the active
ingredients in the silane-based composition in the aqueous solution
120.
[0040] In an embodiment, ingredients of the silane-based
composition are combined with the fabric 110 and agitated at room
temperature for approximately 10 minutes. The optimal temperature
and time duration may vary according to: a) the type of washer
being used (e.g., top loading, front loading, high efficiency); b)
the capacity of each automatic washer; c) the fabric load in each
automatic washer (e.g., full, medium, half, quarter, small etc.);
d) duration of the wash cycle (e.g., normal, heavy); the duration
of the rinse cycle (e.g., short, medium, long); e) the water
temperature settings of each automatic washer (e.g., cold, warm, or
hot); and f) other variable settings of each automatic washer.
[0041] The amount of time in which the fabric 110 is in contact
with the aqueous solution 120 depends partly on the material of
fabric 110 being treated (e.g., cotton, polyester, rayon), the type
of fabric 110 (e.g., knitted, woven), the relative ratios of the
silane-based mixture to water, and the amount of fabric 110 being
treated. For example, use of higher concentrations of the
silane-based mixture may require less contact time to impart
desired properties to the fabric 110. Similarly, longer contact
times may be required to treat large amounts of fabric 110.
[0042] Referring again to FIG. 1 after contacting the fabric 110
with the aqueous solution 120, any excess aqueous solution 120 is
then removed from the fabric 110. The aqueous solution 120 can be
removed from the fabric 110 by either draining the aqueous solution
120 from the fabric 110, applying manual pressure to the fabric 110
(e.g., twisting or squeezing), or applying centrifugal forces to
the fabric 110 (e.g., spinning in a washing machine). In some
embodiments, removal of the excess aqueous solution 120 from the
fabric 110 occurs in either the rinse or the spin cycle of an
automatic washing machine. Alternatively, the fabric 110 can be
rinsed with water to remove excess aqueous solution 120 and any
other residual cleaning and treatment agents.
[0043] After contacting fabric 110 with the aqueous solution 120
and removing the excess aqueous solution 120 from the fabric 110,
the fabric 110 is dried in step 130. In some embodiments, the
drying 130 occurs in an automatic laundering and drying system. The
automatic tumble dryer may be configured to apply heat to the
fabric 110. In an embodiment, the automatic tumble dryer is
configured to operate at a drying temperature of approximately
135.degree. F. The drying temperature will vary depending on the
types of fabrics 110 being used and whether the fabrics 110 have
been treated with any chemicals. In other embodiments, the drying
130 occurs in the same machine as the other operations of method
100. In yet other embodiments, the drying 130 occurs without the
aid of heat (e.g., air drying in dryer, line drying at room
temperature, or line drying with assistance of external fan).
[0044] The automatic laundering and drying system may include one
or more washing machines and at least one dryer. The washing
machines may each contain a set of cycles associated with the
washing process such as wash, rinse, and spin. Alternatively, each
washing machine may be configured to perform a specific function
associated with each cycle. For example, the fabric 110 may be
contacted with the aqueous solution 120 during the wash or the
rinse cycle. This coats the fabric 110 with the active ingredients
in the silane-based composition that, as previously mentioned,
reduces the absorption of water by the fabrics and hence increases
water repellency of the fabric.
[0045] The method of the present invention may be carried out as a
treatment of the fabric before or after it has been made into
garments, for example, as part of an industrial textile treatment
process. It may be provided as a spray composition, e.g., for
domestic (or industrial) application to fabric in a treatment
separate from a conventional domestic laundering process.
Alternatively, in the method of the present invention, the
treatment is carried out as part of a laundering process. Suitable
laundering processes include large-scale and small-scale (e.g.,
domestic) processes, in which the fabric care composition of the
invention may be used in the rinse cycle or sprayed onto a fabric.
It is particularly advantageous, and surprising, that the
composition can be cured simply by drying, even under room
temperature conditions. Alternatively, a tumble dryer can be used
to accelerate the curing process. See Table 2 below.
[0046] A further advantage of the method of the present invention
is that, when the composition is applied as a spray, one
application is sufficient to obtain the desired benefits for many
subsequent washes. If the composition of the present invention is
applied during the wash or rinse cycle of a laundry process, a
progressive build-up of benefits is observed after each wash,
although curing with a tumble dryer is required after each wash.
Thus, garments become progressively more stain and water repellent,
progressively softer and smoother, and appear brighter with each
successive application. Similar effects were observed for
application of the composition as a rinse conditioner.
[0047] A comparison test on treated and untreated garments
illustrates the increased stain repellency in fabrics treated with
the composition of the present invention. Each garment is exposed
to a small amount of the staining agent for a given amount of time.
In one experiment, the spray treated fabric was exposed to tea for
5 minutes, 10 minutes, 20 minutes, and 30 minutes. Another sample
of the spray treated fabric was then exposed to coffee for the same
time intervals-5 minutes, 10 minutes, 20 minutes, and 30 minutes.
For both tea and coffee, the treated fabric does not show any
residual stain, even after 20 minutes. In contrast, the untreated
fabric has some residual stain left after a short exposure time.
These results are depicted in FIGS. 2a and 2b.
[0048] In one embodiment, the components of the silane-based
composition are premixed before use. The maximum amount of time
between the preparation of the composition and the actual use of
the composition (without sacrificing performance of the treatment)
will vary depending on the interactions of the stabilizer with
other components of the composition, the physical state of the
composition (e.g., liquid, gel or particulate suspension), and the
pH of the composition. Alternatively, a portion of the components
may be prepared in advance while other components are combined
later. In yet another embodiment, all of the components may be
concurrently combined with a fabric at the time of treatment. In
yet another embodiment, a fabric may be contacted with a solution
of the present invention multiple times or with fresh solutions.
For example, the fabric is contacted with the composition once, and
then as needed, contacted with the composition subsequent times if
necessary.
[0049] The silane-based composition of the present invention
reduces the amount of energy consumed and the time required for
drying the fabric by reducing the number of hydrogen bonding sites
on the fabric surfaces. The reduction of hydrogen bonding sites on
the fabric enhances the water repellency of the fabric because the
fabric absorbs less water. Fabrics treated with the composition
absorb approximately 20% to approximately 25% less water compared
to untreated fabrics at the end of washing. See Tables 2, 3, 4 and
FIG. 3. Additionally, the treated fabrics show approximately 10% to
approximately 25% reduction in drying time when drying the fabric
in a tumble dryer. In FIG. 3, AATCC stands for the American
Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists. AATCC detergent is a
standard detergent used for testing since commercial detergents
vary significantly in their formulation from brand to brand, the
AATCC detergent provides a universal standard. The graph plots
weight change of twelve polo shirts as they dry. The equilibrium
dry weight is the weight of the polo shirts left at Room
temperature before washing. The t=0 weight of the load treated with
Sol-Gel starts out the lowest because it retains less water. Also,
this load achieves the equilibrium dry weight much faster as
compared to untreated shirts. Depending upon the load type the
reduction in drying time ranges typically from 15 to 20%. The
formulation used was Composition VII from Table 1b.
[0050] In one embodiment, a solution formulated according to the
principle of the present invention includes approximately 90-100 g
of the silane-based mixture discussed above per approximately 15
gallons of water. This ratio may change depending on; a) the type
of fabric being treated, b) amount of fabric being treated, c) the
type of each of the automatic washers being used (e.g., top
loading, front loading, high efficiency), d) the capacity of each
of the automatic washer being used, the fabric load in each of the
automatic washers (e.g. full, medium, half, quarter, small), e) the
setting of the water temperature used in each of the automatic
washers (e.g., cold, warm, hot), and f) other variable settings of
each automatic washer being used.
[0051] In the present invention, the treated fabric may be cotton,
polyester, rayon, silk acetate, nylon, wool, or combinations
thereof. The composition of the solution of the present invention
and other parameters of method 100 (e.g., contact time and drying
time) may vary depending on the type of fabric being treated, as
different fabrics may have different numbers of hydrogen bonding
sites.
[0052] In some embodiments, a coating on a fabric or other material
can be removed or dissolved by contacting the fabric or other
material with a basic compound (e.g., pH>7.0). The basic
compound may include sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide,
detergent, or any combinations thereof. The basic compound to be
contacted with the fabric may be present in the form of a solution,
a gel, or other physical state. The coating may be removed either
completely or partially while washing the fabric with detergent in
the wash cycle of an automatic washer. Alternatively, the coating
could be removed from the fabric under other circumstances (e.g.,
while the fabric is being conditioned, while the fabric is being
rinsed, while the fabric is being spun dry, or before the fabric is
washed).
TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 2 Water Spray AATCC #22 Tide-dried at
Tide-dried at 155 F. for 30 min. 135 F. for 10 min. Tide-ambient
cure 1W 50 1W 50 1W 0 2W 60 2W 70 2W 60 2K 60 2K 60 2K 50 PW 75 PW
75 PW 70 PK 75 PK 70 PK 75 No Tide-dried at No Tide-dried at 155
for 30 min. 135 F. for 10 min. No Tide-ambient cure 1W 55 1W 55 1W
55 2W 60 2W 65 2W 70 2K 60 2K 60 2K 70 PW 75 PW 75 PW 70 PK 70 PK
70 PK 70 W = woven fabric swatch, K = knitted fabric swatch, P =
poly-cotton blend
[0053] The rating numbers provided in Table 2 above for each sample
are based on % of the fabric NOT wetted by water. A higher number
indicates greater water resistance in the fabric. Untreated samples
will be wetted completely and the rating number would approach
zero. The curing process for the fabrics occurs regardless of
temperature.
TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 3 Residual Moisture Content (1 polo shirt) %
RMC change Wt(Wash Wt (wash [(water- with with rinse
solgel)/original) .times. Dry Weight Water) additive) 100 (Sample
A) 285.77 g 588.8 538.5 g 17.60% (Sample B) 285.8 g 589.2 535.9 g
18.60%
TABLE-US-00006 TABLE 4 Drying rate of 12 polo shirts Water Drop
Test AATCC 193 Treatment 1W 2W 2K PW PK Rinse: Dried in dryer at
155 F. 2 4 3 3 4 for 30 min Rinse: Dried in dryer at 155 F. 2.5 4 3
3 4 for 10 min Rinse: Ambient Hang Dried 2.5 3.5 3 2 4 Spray:
Ambient Hang dried. 4 4 4 4 4 W = woven fabric swatch, K = knitted
fabric swatch, P = poly-cotton blend
[0054] Table 4 above illustrates the weight of load as a function
of drying time in a tumble dryer. The ratings numbers indicate the
relative water repellency of different conditions. In general, the
spray treated samples have a higher water repellency than the rinse
treated samples.
TABLE-US-00007 TABLE 5 Lint reduction for a load of 12 garments
Treatment Weight (g) Dry weight 3326.7 Lint trapped in lintguard
when washed with 0.286 tide Lint trapped in lintguard when washed
with 0.071 tide and rinsed with sol-gel
[0055] Treatment of fabrics and other materials with the
compositions and methods of the present invention also results in
improved softness of the fabric, improved brightness and optical
gloss, improved resistance to bacterial growth and reduced surface
deterioration and lint formation. See FIG. 4 and Table 5. In FIG.
4, microbial growth in the fabrics was measured over time. Treated
and untreated fabrics swatches were exposed to the environment for
one week followed by monitoring bacterial growth in culture medium
under ambient conditions. The absorbance value directly relates to
bacterial concentration.
[0056] A major consideration for comfort associated with a garment
is the breathability of the textiles and garments. Breathability of
fabrics, textiles and garments is an important attribute that is
highly desired by wearers. Coating garments typically retards the
flow of gaseous molecules such as oxygen and water vapor across the
air-garment-skin interface. Ease of garment wearability and
breathability (among other attributes) depends upon the diffusion,
flow and permeation of oxygen and air across the air-garment
interface and counter-flow of water vapor, surface reaction
byproducts, and other metabolically generated gaseous molecules
across the garment-skin interface into the environment. The
breathability of fabric is illustrated in Table 6 below.
[0057] In typical usage scenarios, the bi-directional diffusion and
permeation of gaseous molecules is governed by the physical and
chemical characteristics of the garment acting as a membrane
barrier. Under such a theoretical model, the diffusion of gaseous
molecules and permeability of the garment membranes is dictated by
the porosity of the textile weave and the degree to which it
enables the flow of molecules thru the open spaces in the
membrane.
[0058] Without wishing to be bound by theory, it is believed that
the enhanced transport of vapors across the garment membranes is
due to modification of the surface chemical structure. It is
further believed that the treatment of fabrics by the formulation
alters both the physical as well as chemical characteristics of
woven/knitted garments comprised of an inter woven network of
fibers and channels. It is believed that the fibers and channels of
treated garments are modified so as to enhance and facilitate
diffusion, permeability and transport of gaseous entities through
the fabrics. It is believed that the treatment alters the chemical
structure of channel surfaces thereby reducing the extent or
hydrogen bonding interactions with the water molecules, which
results in chemically unencumbered flow of vapors and faster
transport rates. Furthermore, it is believed that the treatment
acts as binder for the fibrils present in the garment. As a result,
the individual fibers comprising the network in the garment exhibit
relative compactions thereby making the porous structure more
well-defined, streamlined, and favorable for passage of molecules.
This smoothing of channels in the garments results in physically
unencumbered flow of vapors and faster transport rates.
[0059] Without wishing to be bound by theory, it is further
believed that the transport of gaseous molecules through treated
garments is actively facilitated by the treated fabric such that
the chemical functionalities present in the treatment contribute to
enhancing the transport rates through the garments. It is believed
that the reduction of hydrogen bonding sites on the fibers as wells
as the streamlining of channels acts in concert to accelerate the
rate of vapor transport across the fabrics. It is believed that
reduced hydrogen bonding interactions lower the surface energy of
vapor droplets while the streamlined lined channels reduce the
activation energy associated with physical migration of the vapors
through the channels. It is believed that the physical migration of
water vapors and the reduced activation energy is favored by the
increased lubrication and softness of fibers in the fabrics. It is
believed that the synergistic cooperation of these effects
contributes to enhanced vapor transport across the fabric channels.
See Table 6.
TABLE-US-00008 TABLE 6 Breathability of Fabric Weight % Water Vapor
Lost Uncoated Sample After 15 hours at Ambient 96.84 g 3.16%
Temperature After 5 hours at 55 C. 92.247 g 7.753% After 26 hours
at 55 C. 67.77 g 32.23 Coated Sample After 15 hours at Ambient
95.96 g 4.04% Temperature After 5 hours at 55 C. 90.084 g 9.916%
After 26 hours at 55 C. 59.05 g 40.95
[0060] Table 6 above illustrates the breathability of fabric. Two
identical beakers containing an identical amount of water (100 g)
were fitted with 100% cotton swatches (one treated with the
organosilane compound of the present invention and another
untreated) and secured with a rubber band to cover the mouth of the
breakers. The weight of the water remaining in the beaker was
measured to determine the amount of water vapor lost through the
fabric swatches acting as permeable membrane. The original amount
of water is 100 g.
[0061] Use of the compositions of the present invention also may
serve as a water and energy saving aid since the fabric, when
treated with the organosilane composition, will absorb less water
during the washing process and dry more quickly.
[0062] For example, the methods of the present invention results in
a 15% reduction in drying time and therefore, yields 15% savings in
time, energy and cost to the consumer. Typical energy consumption
of a dryer is about 2500 W/hr. A 15% reduction for treated garments
would correspond to 2125 W/hr (i.e. a savings of 375 W/hr). Typical
households do about 350 loads of laundry per year and that would
correspond to energy savings of about 130 kW/hr per year. In terms
of cost, typical dryer energy consumption cost is estimated to be
about 45 cents per load. A saving of 15% corresponds to saving of 7
cents per load. At 350 loads per year, total savings amounts to
about $25 per year.
[0063] By their very nature organosilicates are characterized by
luminescence in UV region. This property of organosilicates imparts
brightness to fabrics treated with the organosilicate
formulation.
[0064] Fabrics treated with compositions of the present invention
have been observed to appear brighter as compared to untreated
fabrics or fabrics treated with other commercial conditioners
available in the market. These differences in fabric properties
were visually observed. A treatment with the composition of the
present invention also makes whites appear whiter, and dark colors
appear more saturated and darker.
[0065] Softness or fluffiness of fabrics is related to interactions
between fibers in the fabrics. These interactions determine the
mechanical properties such as elasticity, tensile strength and
stiffness. The inter-fiber interactions are due to hydrogen binding
interactions which hold the fibers together. A disruption of
hydrogen bonding interactions upon treatment with the
organosilicate based fabric conditioner formulation of the present
invention causes the fibers to interact less with each other,
thereby making the fabrics softer.
[0066] Fabrics treated with compositions of the present invention
have been observed to exhibit softness as compared to untreated
fabrics or fabrics treated with other commercial conditioners
available in the market. These differences in fabric properties
were observed by tactile feel of the fabrics. A treatment with
formulations of the present invention makes fabrics smoother and
more silk-like in their tactile feel.
[0067] New fabrics are typically coated with a coating; however,
prolonged usage and normal fabric care depletes that coating and
also makes the surface look "fuzzy", worn out, and faded due to the
unraveling of fibrils in the fabrics. The organosilicate
formulations of the present invention act as a glue or binder and
seals the surface fibrils to make the surface appear new. Fabrics
look newer, whites appear whiter and dark colors appear more
saturated, all giving the surface a smooth feel or silk-like
texture.
[0068] Fabrics treated with formulations of the present invention
have exhibited increased surface smoothness as compared to
untreated fabrics or fabrics treated with other commercial
conditioners available in the market. These differences in fabric
properties were observed by tactile feel of the fabrics while
visual attributes were visually observed. A treatment with
compositions of the present invention makes fabrics look newer and
more visually appealing.
[0069] Development of odors in fabrics is related to a) adsorption
of gases from the environment, b) degradation of chemical products
secreted from the body, and c) production and degradation of
bacterial growth. The fabrics treated with the organosilicate
formulation of the present invention prevent adhesion and
deposition of molecules due to the removal of hydrogen bonding
interactions on the surface of the fabric. Similarly, the treated
surface prevents adsorption, adhesion and binding of bacterial and
microbial entities such as mold and mildew on garment surfaces. As
a result, the garments treated with the organosilicate formulation
show a significant retardation in odor development.
[0070] Fabrics treated with formulations of the present invention
have been observed to have substantially decreased odor development
as compared to untreated fabrics or fabrics treated with other
commercial conditioners available in the market. These differences
in fabric properties were observed in a six month study on
different garments, and the odor developed on the fabrics was
monitored during their continuous use. During the study, the
treated fabrics did not develop any perceptible odor even after
several weeks of continuous use as compared to untreated fabrics
that developed odor after one or two days of continuous use.
Additionally, a treatment with formulations of the present
invention makes fabrics resistant to development of mold and mildew
in other damp fabrics such as towels.
[0071] The foregoing description has been described with reference
to specific embodiments. However, the illustrative discussions
above are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention
to the precise forms disclosed. Many modifications and variations
are possible in view of the above teachings. The embodiments were
chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the
invention and its practical applications in order that others
skilled in the art may best utilize the invention and its
embodiments, with various modifications suited to the particular
use contemplated.
* * * * *