U.S. patent application number 12/367465 was filed with the patent office on 2009-08-20 for universal lids and methods for making and using the same.
Invention is credited to Hans O. RIBI.
Application Number | 20090206080 12/367465 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 40954161 |
Filed Date | 2009-08-20 |
United States Patent
Application |
20090206080 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
RIBI; Hans O. |
August 20, 2009 |
Universal Lids and Methods for Making and Using the Same
Abstract
Universal lids, as well as methods of making and using the same,
are provided. Universal lids of the invention are compliant and to
accommodate multiple different sizes of containers, such that they
may effectively cover at least two different containers that differ
from each other in terms of size of the opening of the container.
In certain embodiments, the lids are fabricated from a compliant
material. In certain embodiments, the lids include an undercut.
Embodiments of the lids include one or more of a detector
component, e.g., for detecting temperature, time, etc.; a gas
permeable component, e.g., for allowing certain gases to pass into
and out of the sealed container; etc.
Inventors: |
RIBI; Hans O.; (Hilsborough,
CA) |
Correspondence
Address: |
BOZICEVIC, FIELD & FRANCIS LLP
1900 UNIVERSITY AVENUE, SUITE 200
EAST PALO ALTO
CA
94303
US
|
Family ID: |
40954161 |
Appl. No.: |
12/367465 |
Filed: |
February 6, 2009 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
61027026 |
Feb 7, 2008 |
|
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Current U.S.
Class: |
220/212 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B65D 2203/00 20130101;
B65D 81/24 20130101; B65D 43/0202 20130101; B65D 81/28
20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
220/212 |
International
Class: |
B65D 51/00 20060101
B65D051/00 |
Claims
1. A compliant lid configured to seal at least two different
containers that differ from each other by container opening size,
wherein said compliant lid further comprises a detector
component.
2. The lid according to claim 1, wherein said two different
containers have container opening sizes that differ from each other
by 5% or more.
3. The lid according to claim 2, wherein said compliant lid
comprises an elastomeric component.
4. The lid according to claim 3, wherein said detector component is
a temperature detector component.
5. The lid according to claim 3, wherein said detector component is
a time detector component.
6. The lid according to claim 3, wherein said detector component is
an analyte detector component.
7. The lid according to claim 3, wherein said detector component
provides a visual signal.
8. The lid according to claim 7, wherein said visual signal is a
color signal.
9. The lid according to claim 1, wherein said compliant lid further
comprises a gas permeability component.
10. The lid according to claim 1, wherein said compliant lid is
disc-shaped.
11. The compliant lid according to claim 1, wherein said compliant
lid comprises an undercut.
12. A method of sealing a container, said method comprising: a)
providing a container having an opening; and b) placing a lid
according to claim 1 over said opening of said container in order
to seal said container.
13-17. (canceled)
18. A sealed container comprising: a container having an opening;
and a compliant lid configured to seal at least two different
containers that differ from each other by container opening size,
wherein said lid is sealing said opening and further comprises a
detector component.
19. The sealed container according to claim 18, wherein said two
different containers have container opening sizes that differ from
each other by 5% or more.
20. The sealed container according to claim 19, wherein said
compliant lid comprises an elastomeric component.
21. The sealed container according to claim 20, wherein said
detector component is a temperature detector component.
22. The sealed container according to claim 20, wherein said
detector component is a time detector component.
23. The sealed container according to claim 20, wherein said
detector component is an analyte detector component.
24. The sealed container according to claim 20, wherein said
detector component provides a visual signal.
25. The sealed container according to claim 18, wherein said visual
signal is a color signal.
26. The sealed container according to claim 18, wherein said lid
further comprises a gas permeability component.
27. The sealed container according to claim 20, wherein said lid is
disc shaped.
28. The sealed container according to claim 20, wherein said lid
comprises an undercut.
29. The sealed container according to claim 20, wherein said
container contains food.
30. The sealed container according to claim 20, wherein said
container is a disposable container.
31. The sealed container according to claim 20, wherein said
container is a reusable container.
32. A kit comprising: a container having an opening; and a
compliant lid according to claim 1.
33-35. (canceled)
Description
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] Pursuant to 35 U.S.C. .sctn. 119 (e), this application
claims priority to the filing date of U.S. Provisional Patent
Application Ser. No. 61/027,026 filed Feb. 7, 2008, the disclosure
of which application is herein incorporated by reference.
INTRODUCTION
[0002] It is often desirable to employ reusable containers in a
variety of applications, including food preparation and storage, as
well as storage of non-food items. When using such containers, it
is often desirable to employ a lid, i.e., a cover, for the
container, where the lid serves to keep the item in the container,
and can be configured to maintain freshness, or otherwise protect
the contained item.
[0003] However, an effective lid must be matched to the container
to work. As such, lids must be configured to a particular container
in order to be used with that container.
[0004] Because of the multitude of different types of containers
having different dimensions, this makes providing a lid for each
possible container impractical. Furthermore, over time lids
configured for a particular container can be lost.
SUMMARY
[0005] Universal lids (referred to herein as "Universal Lid(s)",
"Lid(s)" "compliant lid(s)" or "the lid(s)"), as well as methods of
making and using the same, are provided. Universal Lids of the
invention are compliant and accommodate multiple different sizes of
containers, such that they may effectively cover at least two
different containers that differ from each other in terms of size
of the opening of the container. In certain embodiments, the lids
are fabricated from a compliant material. In certain embodiments,
the lids include an undercut. Embodiments of the lids include one
or more of a detector component, e.g., for detecting temperature,
time, etc.; a gas permeable component, e.g., for allowing certain
gases to pass into and out of the sealed container; etc.
[0006] The Universal Lids described herein provide benefits for
storage including ease-of-use with a broad range of house-hold
containers, flexibility and compliance with any shaped container, a
deep vacuum (e.g., FIG. 3 item 30) seal that holds under a variety
of storage conditions, a vivid color change indicating storage
temperature conditions and built in short-term timing to warn for
refrigeration or immediate use, gas permeability and/or adsorption
capabilities. The lid can be used with solid and liquids, is
dishwasher safe, can withstand microwave or freezer temperatures,
and is constructed with components that are considered safe for
direct contact with foods. Various molded features can be
incorporated into the product to provide additional features
including but not limited to structural performance, increased
vacuum levels, and enhanced thermal time-temperate indication.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
[0007] FIG. 1 provides an angled front, upright view of Universal
Lid according to an embodiment of the invention, wherein the
Universal Lid is in a sealed position over a container having a
rectangular-shaped opening.
[0008] FIG. 2 provides a perspective view of the underside of a
Universal Lid according to an embodiment of the invention, whereby
the thickness and undercut of the Universal Lid are visible.
[0009] FIG. 3 provides an angled front, upright view of Universal
Lid according to an embodiment of the invention, wherein the
Universal Lid is in a sealed position over a container having a
circular-shaped opening.
[0010] FIG. 4 provides an exploded cross-sectional view of an under
cut in the skirt portion of a Universal Lid according to an
embodiment of the invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0011] Universal Lids, as well as methods of making and using the
same, are provided. Universal Lids of the invention are compliant
and accommodate multiple different sizes of containers, such that
they may effectively cover at least two different containers that
differ from each other in terms of size of the opening of the
container. In certain embodiments, the lids are fabricated from a
compliant material. In certain embodiments, the lids include an
undercut. Embodiments of the lids include one or more of a detector
component, e.g., for detecting temperature, time, etc.; a gas
permeable component, e.g., for allowing certain gases to pass into
and out of the sealed container; etc.
[0012] The Universal Lids provide benefits for storage including
ease-of-use with a broad range of house-hold containers,
flexibility and compliance with any shaped container, a deep vacuum
seal that holds under a variety of storage conditions, a vivid
color change indicating storage temperature conditions and built in
short-term timing to warn for refrigeration or immediate use, gas
permeability and/or adsorption capabilities. The lid can be used
with solid and liquids, is dishwasher safe, can withstand microwave
or freezer temperatures, and is constructed with components that
are considered safe for direct contact with foods. Various molded
features can be incorporated into the product to provide additional
features including but not limited to structural performance,
increased vacuum levels, and enhanced thermal time-temperate
indication.
[0013] Before the present invention is described in greater detail,
it is to be understood that this invention is not limited to
particular embodiments described, as such may, of course, vary. It
is also to be understood that the terminology used herein is for
the purpose of describing particular embodiments only, and is not
intended to be limiting, since the scope of the present invention
will be limited only by the appended claims.
[0014] Where a range of values is provided, it is understood that
each intervening value, to the tenth of the unit of the lower limit
unless the context clearly dictates otherwise, between the upper
and lower limit of that range and any other stated or intervening
value in that stated range, is encompassed within the invention.
The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may
independently be included in the smaller ranges and are also
encompassed within the invention, subject to any specifically
excluded limit in the stated range. Where the stated range includes
one or both of the limits, ranges excluding either or both of those
included limits are also included in the invention.
[0015] Certain ranges are presented herein with numerical values
being preceded by the term "about." The term "about" is used herein
to provide literal support for the exact number that it precedes,
as well as a number that is near to or approximately the number
that the term precedes. In determining whether a number is near to
or approximately a specifically recited number, the near or
approximating unrecited number may be a number which, in the
context in which it is presented, provides the substantial
equivalent of the specifically recited number.
[0016] Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms
used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of
ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Although
any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described
herein can also be used in the practice or testing of the present
invention, representative illustrative methods and materials are
now described.
[0017] All publications and patents cited in this specification are
herein incorporated by reference as if each individual publication
or patent were specifically and individually indicated to be
incorporated by reference and are incorporated herein by reference
to disclose and describe the methods and/or materials in connection
with which the publications are cited. The citation of any
publication is for its disclosure prior to the filing date and
should not be construed as an admission that the present invention
is not entitled to antedate such publication by virtue of prior
invention. Further, the dates of publication provided may be
different from the actual publication dates which may need to be
independently confirmed.
[0018] It is noted that, as used herein and in the appended claims,
the singular forms "a", "an", and "the" include plural referents
unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. It is further noted
that the claims may be drafted to exclude any optional element. As
such, this statement is intended to serve as antecedent basis for
use of such exclusive terminology as "solely," "only" and the like
in connection with the recitation of claim elements, or use of a
"negative" limitation.
[0019] As will be apparent to those of skill in the art upon
reading this disclosure, each of the individual embodiments
described and illustrated herein has discrete components and
features which may be readily separated from or combined with the
features of any of the other several embodiments without departing
from the scope or spirit of the present invention. Any recited
method can be carried out in the order of events recited or in any
other order which is logically possible.
[0020] Universal Lids
[0021] As summarized above, Universal Lids as well as methods of
making and using the same, are provided. The term "Universal Lid"
in this regard will be understood to refer to various types of
lids, barriers, coverings and/or caps that have a "universal" size.
The "universal" size allows the lid to be used to seal more than
one corresponding opening or container. A Universal Lid therefore
is configured to seal at least two different containers, the size
of which differs by 5% or more (with reference to the diameter or
length thereof). The Universal Lid disclosed herein is circular;
however, other embodiments are contemplated, including squares,
rectangles, discs and ovals, to list a few non-limiting
examples.
[0022] Universal Lids of the invention may be configured in a range
of sizes and shapes to meet a wide range of storage applications.
Standard utility sizes can be used for various plastic, glass,
metal and wooden bowls and tubs. Small diameter sizes can be used
for enclosures for cups, canned foods, soda cans, condiment
containers, and jars. Stopper sizes can be used as corks, bottle
lids, and the like. Sheet forms can be used to laminate and seal
foods such as meats, cheeses, and other perishables. Compliant lids
according to the invention are configured to seal at least two
different containers that differ from each other by container
opening size (e.g., in terms of diameter), for example by 5% or
more, 10% or more, 20% or more, 25% or more, 50% or more, 75% or
more, 100% or more, etc. While the diameter or length of the
container that the lid is configured to cover may vary, in some
instances the lid may be configured to cover a container having a
diameter or length ranging from 5 cm to 60 cm, such as 10 cm to 50
cm and including 15 cm to 35 cm, for example. The thickness of the
lid may range from 0.2 cm to 2.0 cm, such as 0.5 cm to 1.5 cm and
including 0.75 cm to 1 cm.
[0023] Universal Lids according to the invention may include a
central panel and, optionally, a gripping zone along the periphery
of the central panel, the central panel being stretchable for
engaging a gripping zone with the wall of various sized openings,
thereby sealing a container. Features can include, but are not
limited to thickness range, ledge length, ledge undercut angles,
color change types at important and useful temperature ranges for
perishable storage, thermochromic colorant types, food breakdown
product detection elements, discrete sensing zones or bulk
indication compositions, and the like.
[0024] A Universal Lid of the invention may include a central flex
panel having an outer surface and an inner surface. An elastic
edging is at the periphery of the central flex panel. The elastic
edging may be a flat flange perpendicular to the center panel, a
flexible flap projecting upwards, or a mushroom-type feature, to
list some non-limiting examples. The elastic edging may have a
hinge portion and a rim portion. The hinge portion allows the
center flex panel to move axially relative to the rim portion.
Axial movement of the center flex panel moves the rim portion
radially. When a Universal Lid of the invention is placed on a
container, axial movement of the center flex panel moves the rim
portion from the unsealing position of to the sealing position to
create a seal for storage of the contents of the container. The rim
portion may be considered as having an annular skirt which engages
the outside surface of a container lip when applied thereto. The
skirt may also have an undercut, which protrudes from inside the
skirt wall to the area under the container lip to hold the
Universal Lid in place. An undercut resembles a groove which is
structured and arranged to receive the edge of a container, which
defines the opening of the container to be sealed. The undercut
cooperates with the edge to facilitate attachment and sealing of
the Universal Lid.
[0025] A Universal Lid according to the invention can be formulated
to function over a wide range of temperatures. Operating ranges can
be sub-zero to elevated cooking temperatures. The composition can
be formulated for activity in the temperature range of from
200.degree. C. to 20.degree. C., such as from between 100.degree.
C. to 10.degree. C., and including from between 50.degree. C. to
0.degree. C., e.g., from between 30.degree. C. to 15.degree. C.
(ambient conditions).
Universal Lids: Molding
[0026] Finished lid and sheet forms can be produced using
compression molding or injection molding. Colorants, sensing
compositions, and active agents can be added during the molding
process. All resins and compositions for a particular lid type can
be scaled-up according to volume needs and pricing.
[0027] Various molding processes can be employed including
injection molding compression molding, blow molding, rotary
molding, and the like. The molding method selected will depend on
the method of choice that best fits the product production
characteristics such as cost, utility, features and the like.
[0028] Universal lids can be molded with severe undercuts due to
the inherent elasticity of the elastomeric compositions employed in
the product. The severe undercuts are of use for significantly
improving the gas/water tightness of substances stored in a
container and sealed with a universal lid. The term "undercut"
refers to a groove-like feature which is structured and arranged to
receive the edge or flange of container. As such, an undercut
cooperates with the edge or flange to facilitate attachment and
sealing of a Universal Lid thereto.
Universal Lids: Undercut Geometry and Configuration
[0029] The grooves may be undercut such that each wall terminates
in a flange of flexible material which extends part way over
adjacent grooves. The flexible flange portion of the lid serves to
further assure contact between the lid and the container rim to
make a tight seal, especially when there is a disparity between
groove and container-lip geometry.
[0030] The undercut itself may be internal, spherically cup-shaped,
concavely curved, or a triangular recess (when viewed by cross
section), to list a few non-limiting examples. An undercut having a
triangular cross section may defined by a first wall extending
downward toward at a first angle relative to the skirt of the lid,
and a second wall extending downward from the first wall at a
second angle relative to the lid skirt.
Universal Lids: Elastomeric Component
[0031] The Universal Lids disclosed herein are of an elastomeric
material that retains its elasticity during use; i.e., the material
may be stretched to accommodate container openings of various sizes
and at the same time, maintain its resiliency such that it will
return to substantially to its original form after stretching.
[0032] Thus, the Universal Lids described herein may include an
"elastomeric component." The term "elastomeric component" refers to
any number of various thermal plastic elastomers (TPE's); such as,
but not limited to polyisoprene, polybutadiene, polyisobutylene,
polyurethane, polychloroprene, highly elastic silicone, DYNAFLEX,
VERSAFLEX, VERSALLOY, VERSOLLAN, and KRATON (GLS Corporation, IL).
SANTOPRENE brand thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPVs) are a series of
high-performance elastomers which combine the desirable
characteristics of vulcanized rubber, such as flexibility and low
compression set, with the processing ease of thermoplastics.
Fitting into the mid-range performance spectrum of both
thermoplastic and thermoset rubbers, SANTOPRENE TPV (Exxon Mobile
Corp.) is accepted for a broad range of industrial and consumer
product applications for the Universal Lids presented here.
[0033] Other plastics that may be added in ratios during
manufacture include but are not limited to
ethylenechlorotrifluoreethylene (ECTFE), ethylentetrafluorethylene
(ETFE), polinvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), ethylene-propylene rubber
(EPR), silicone rubber (SI), ALCRYN thermoplastic rubber (TPR), HT
thermoplastic rubber (HTPR), SANTOPRENE thermoplastic rubber (TPR),
LSOH crosslinked compounds, LSOH thermoplastic compounds,
methylvinyletherfluoralkoxy (MFA), perfluoroalkoxy (PFA),
thermoplastic polyester elastomer (TPE), polyimide (KAPTON),
polyurethane (PUR), polyvinyl chloride 105.degree. C. (PVC),
polyvinyl chloride 70.degree. C. (PVC), low temperature polyvinyl
chloride (LTPVC), oil resistant Polyvinyl chloride (OR PVC),
semi-rigid polyvinyl (SR PVC), polyvinyl chloride polyurethane (PVC
PUR), and the like. Additive plastics can be utilized to adjust the
characteristics of the base thermo plastic elastomer.
[0034] Elastomeric Component: Germicidal/Disinfectant Additives
[0035] Agents may be added to the base thermo plastic elastomer of
the lids during manufacture. Such agents include surfactants having
germicidal properties, such as those cationic surfactants which are
found to provide a broad antibacterial or sanitizing function and
as additives to the composition. Any cationic surfactant which
satisfies these requirements may be used and are considered to be
within the scope of the present invention, and mixtures of two or
more cationic surface active agents, viz., cationic surfactants may
also be used. Cationic surfactants are well known, and useful
cationic surfactants may be one or more of those described for
example in McCutcheon's Functional Materials, Vol. 2, 1998;
Kirk-Othmer, Encyclopaedia of Chemical Technology, 4th Ed., Vol.
23, pp. 478-541 (1997), the disclosure of which is hereby
incorporated by reference.
Universal Lids: Detector Component
[0036] The Universal Lids described herein may also include a
detector component, e.g., to detect one or more parameters of
interest, such as, but not limited to temperature, time, analytes
of interest (e.g., chemicals given off by food, such as rotting
food), etc. For example, the detector component may comprise a
chemical agent that changes properties in response to an applied
stimulus, e.g., heat or temperature. Such a detector component may
provide a variety of different signals, including visual signals,
such as color changes to indicate information related to
temperature, time, analytes, etc. with respect to that which is
sealed by the Universal Lid presented herein. Thus, the phrase
"analyte detector component" refers to an agent incorporated into
the Universal Lid presented herein that detects the presence or
absence of specific analytes of interest and then displays
(indicates) information regarding the same in a format (e.g.,
visual) that is understood by a consumer. Similarly, the phrase
"time detector component" refers to an agent incorporated into the
Universal Lid presented herein that monitors the passage of time
and then displays (indicates) information regarding the same in a
format (e.g., visual) that is understood by a consumer. Likewise,
the phrase "temperature detector component" refers to an agent
incorporated into the Universal Lid presented herein that measures
temperature and then displays (indicates) information regarding the
same in a format (e.g., visual) that is understood by a
consumer.
[0037] Detector Component: Chemical and/or Physical Additives
[0038] The detector component of the Universal Lid presented herein
may contain additives, agents and/or devices that produce
thermochromic, photochromic, chemochromic, (gas sensitive),
machanochromic, biochromic, solvatochromic, and other related
chromic changes to indicate one or more parameters of interest,
such as those listed above. All additives and agents may be
reversible or irreversible depending on the application of
interest.
[0039] Detector Component: Time-Temperature Indicator or Integrator
(TTI)
[0040] The detector component of the Universal Lid presented herein
may comprise a Time-Temperature Indicator or Integrator (TTI). TTIs
refer to agents or devices that can display an easily readable,
time-temperature dependent change that reflects the full or partial
temperature history of a thermally sensitive product to which it is
affixed. As such, TTIs are integral systems allowing irreversible
visual indications of the combined action of temperature and time
on products. Unlike an expiration date (ED) and a
best-consumed-before-date (BCBD), both of which take into account
only a single parameter, i.e., time, TTIs offer a means for
assessing and controlling thermal cycles and storage conditions of
products.
[0041] The Universal Lids presented herein may optionally
incorporate TTIs. TTIs may be put in place during the preparation
of thermally sensitive products, such as the Universal Lids of the
invention, at the time of production to help consumers see if a
product is still fresh at the time of sale and at home.
[0042] One prevalent class of TTI is a diffusion-based indicator
(TTI Type I). This type of TTI indicates a temperature history of a
product based on the diffusion of a colored chemical (e.g., fatty
acid esters, phthalates, certain polymers) from the reservoir
through a wick. Within this class, four (4) types of TTI are known,
some of which are commercially available, such as FREEZEWATCH and
MONITORMARK (3M Innovative Properties Co., St. Paul, Minn.).
[0043] Another class of known TTI utilizes an enzymatic indicator
(TTI Type II). For example, the VITSAB CHECKPOINT TTI (VITSAB AB;
Malmo, Sweden) is based on a color change caused by a decrease in
pH value as a result of the controlled enzymatic hydrolysis of a
lipid substrate. This type of TTI must be kept chilled before
activation.
[0044] A third type (TTI Type III) of indicators is based on a
chemical polymerization reaction, such as the polymerization of
disubstituted diacetylene crystals (R--C.dbd.C--C.dbd.C--R), which
results in a highly colored polymer. Commercially available Type
III TTIs include the FRESHCHECK indicator for food products and the
HEATMARKER indicator for vaccines (LifeLine Technologies;
Morristown, N.J.). These TTIs must be kept in deep freeze (i.e., at
roughly -240.degree. C.) before use because the reaction will
spontaneously occur under warmer conditions.
[0045] A fourth type of TTI system uses microorganisms to indicate
microbial spoilage of food and other perishable products (TTI Type
IV). In these systems, microorganisms are usually dehydrated and
contained in an air-tight bag together with dehydrated nutrients.
The system is activated by breaking an inner pouch containing
water, which rehydrates the system. The change in indicator color
is based on the growth of microorganisms, which may be measured by
the visibility of certain bar codes. The indicator colors itself
and turns opaque after a critical accumulation of cold chain
disruptions or when the use by date is exceeded.
[0046] By "cold chain" is meant a temperature-controlled supply
chain; e.g., the route from farm, to processor, to transport, which
passes through cold storage en route to distant markets. An
unbroken cold chain is an uninterrupted series of storage and
distribution activities which maintain a given temperature range.
It is used to extend and to help ensure the shelf life of products
such as chemicals, foods and drugs. Thus "cold chain disruption"
refers to an interrupted series of storage and distribution
activities, whereby temperature control may be intermittently
lost.
[0047] A fifth type of TTI utilizes a combination of biochemistry
(i.e., an enzymatic reaction) and electronics. One commercial
example is the TEMPALARM/TIME TEMPERATURE BIOSENSOR; Bioett, Lund,
Sweden), which monitors the thermal cycle of products.
[0048] A wide variety of TTIs can be multiplexed with or adjoined
to devices utilizing chemical polymerization indicators. Devices
can include, but are not limited to those that are sold
commercially such as ONVU by CIBA XYMARA, the TT SENSOR by Avery
Denison (Paynesville, Ohio), DAYMARK, and the like.
[0049] Thus, Universal Lids according to the invention may be
equipped to accept application of time-temperature indicator inks,
adhesives and/or dyes. Lids may also be configured to seal storage
containers that are equipped to accept application of such
time-temperature indicators. Such inks, adhesives and/or dyes may
be applied through the use of a pen or other instrument, for
example. Such ink, adhesives and/or dyes may be capable of being
removed, peeled-off or wiped away. Using a pen or a peel-off label
for activation, a consumer can thus be warned of time and
temperature storage conditions in a consumer environment. Such an
indicator can be applied from a pen to a storage container or
label. The applied mark will change color cumulatively according to
time, temperature, and/or ambient storage conditions.
[0050] Detector Component: Thermochromic Dyes and Indicators
[0051] The detector component of the Universal Lid presented herein
may contain thermochromic dyes and colorants to serve as an
indicating means to show that a particular composition has been
temperature activated for optimal use. Temperature ranges for
thermochromic transitions can be below freezing to above boiling
depending on the intended use of the thermochromic composition
application. Thermochromic dyes can find use in a variety of
compositions and applications and formats. Thermochromic dyes can
include but are not limited to compounds including:
bis(2-amino-4-oxo-6-methylpyrimidinium)-tetrachlorocuprate(II);
bis(2-amino-4-chloro-6-methylpyrimidinium) hexachlorodicuprate(II);
cobalt chloride; 3,5-dinitro salicylic acid; leuco dyes;
spiropyrenes, bis(2-amino-4-oxo-6-methylpyrimidinium)
tetrachlorocuprate(II) and
bis(2-amino-4-chloro-6-methylpyrimidinium) hexachlorodicuprate(II),
benzo- and naphthopyrans (Chromenes), poly(xylylviologen dibromide,
di-beta-naphthospiropyran, Ferrocene-modified
bis(spiropyridopyran), isomers of
1-isopropylidene-2-[1-(2-methyl-5-phenyl-3-thienyl)ethylidene]-succinic
anhydride and the Photoproduct
7,7adihydro-4,7,7,7a-tetramethyl-2-phenylbenzo[b]thiophene-5,6-dicarboxyl-
ic anhydride, and the like.
[0052] Other thermochromic dyes of interest include leuco dyes
including color to colorless and color to color formulations,
vinylphenylmethane-leucocyanides and derivatives, fluoran dyes and
derivatives, thermochromic pigments, micro and nano-pigments,
molybdenum compounds, doped or undoped vanadium dioxide,
indolinospirochromenes, melting waxes, encapsulated dyes, liquid
crystalline materials, cholesteric liquid crystalline materials,
spiropyrans, polybithiophenes, bipyridine materials,
microencapsulated, mercury chloride dyes, tin complexes,
combination thermochromic/photochromic materials, heat formable
materials which change structure based on temperature, natural
thermochromic materials such as pigments in beans, various
thermochromic inks sold by Securink Corp. (Springfield, Va.),
Matusui Corp., Liquid Crystal Research Crop., or any acceptable
thermochromic materials with the capacity to report a temperature
change or can be photo-stimulated and the like. The chromic change
agent selected will depend on a number of factors including cost,
material loading, color change desired, levels or color hue change,
reversibility or irreversibility, stability, and the like.
[0053] Alternative thermochromic materials can be utilized
including, but not limited to light-induced meta-stable state in a
thermochromic copper (II) complex. (Chem. Commun., 2002, (15),
1578-1579), which under goes a color change from red to purple for
a thermochromic complex; [Cu(dieten)2](BF4)2
(dieten=N,N-diethylethylenediamine); encapsulated pigmented
materials from Omega Engineering Inc.;
bis(2-amino-4-oxo-6-methyl-pyrimidinium) tetrachlorocuprate(II);
bis(2-amino-4-chloro-6-methylpyrimidinium) hexachlorodicuprate(II);
cobalt chloride; 3,5-dinitro salicylic acid; leuco dyes;
spiropyrenes,
bis(2-amino-4-oxo-6-methylpyrimidinium)-tetrachlorocuprate(II);
bis(2-amino-4-chloro-6-methylpyrimidinium)
hexachlorod-icuprate(II); cobalt chloride; 3,5-dinitro salicylic
acid; leuco dyes; spiropyrenes,
bis(2-amino-4-oxo-6-methylpyrimidinium) tetrachlorocuprate(II) and
bis(2-amino-4-chloro-6-methylpyrimidinium) hexachlorodicuprate(II),
benzo- and naphthopyrans (Chromenes), poly(xylylviologen dibromide,
di-beta-naphthospiropyran, Ferrocene-modified
bis(spiropyridopyran), isomers of
1-isopropylidene-2-[1-(2-methyl-5-phenyl-3-thienyl)ethylidene]-succinic
anhydride and the Photoproduct
7,7adihydro-4,7,7,7a-tetramethyl-2-phenylbenzo[b]thiophene-5,6-dicarboxyl-
ic anhydride, and the like. Encapsulated leuco dyes are of interest
since they can be easily processed in a variety of formats into a
plastic or putty matrix. Liquid crystal materials can be
conveniently applied as paints or inks to surfaces of
color/shape/memory composites.
[0054] Thermochromic color to colorless options can include by way
of example, but not by limitation: yellow to colorless, orange to
color less, red to colorless, pink to colorless, magenta to
colorless, purple to colorless, blue to colorless, turquoise to
colorless, green to colorless, brown to colorless, black to
colorless. Color to color options include but are not limited to:
orange to yellow, orange to pink, orange to very light green,
orange to peach; red to yellow, red to orange, red to pink, red to
light green, red to peach; magenta to yellow, magenta to orange,
magenta to pink, magenta to light green, magenta to light blue;
purple to red, purple to pink, purple to blue; blue to pink; blue
to light green, dark blue to light yellow, dark blue to light
green, dark blue to light blue; turquoise to light green, turquoise
to light blue, turquoise to light yellow, turquoise to light peach,
turquoise to light pink; green to yellow, dark green to orange,
dark green to light green, dark green to light pink; brown and
black to a variety of assorted colors, and the like. Colors can be
deeply enriched using fluorescent and glow-in-the-dark or
photo-luminescent pigments as well as related color additives.
[0055] Reversible and irreversible versions of the color change
agent can be employed depending on the desired embodiment of
interest. Reversible agents can be employed where it is desirable
to have a multi-use effect or to reuse the color change effect. For
example, a reversible color change component is particularly useful
during the manufacture of products with continued and repeated use
value. Thus, it may be desirable to utilize a reversible
thermochromic or luminescent material which can reappear during
usage. In another example, it may be desirable to record a single
color change permanently. In this case, it would be desirable to
utilize a thermochromically irreversible material which changes
from one color to another giving rise to a permanent change, and
indicating that the composition should be discarded after use.
[0056] Thermochromic dyes can be added in amounts ranging from
0.001% by weight to 80% by weight. More usually, the dye additive
will find use in the range of from 0.01% to 50% by weight. Usually,
the additive will range in concentration from 0.1% to 25% by
weight. Typically and most often, the colorant will be added in a
range of from 0.5% to 5%.
[0057] Thermal diffusion and thermal delay can also be employed to
add timing features to the Lid to accurately predict how long a
lidded container has been exposed to a particular temperature of
interest. Thicker areas for thermal delay will respond more slowly.
Thin elements will respond more rapidly. The exact thickness of an
element can therefore be predetermined to provide for use as a
timing/temperature indicating means.
[0058] Detector Component: UV-Initiated Reversible Color
Changes
[0059] The detector component of the Universal Lid presented herein
may contain additives that display UV-initiated reversible color
changes to indicate storage time, for example. Colloidal
diacetylene compositions are readily polymerized using thermal
polymerization and UV photopolymerization. The resulting polymer
remains very stable in a broad range of organic and aqueous
solvents. The thermochromic temperature transition may show robust
thermochromic reversibility in a wide variety of solvent systems
including harsh organic solvents such hexane, chloroform, acetone,
ethanol and the like. The thermochromic transition is dictated by
the fatty acid chain link. Chain links form C8 fatty acids through
C40 fatty acids with a diacetylene moiety which may be synthesized,
dymerized and polymerized. Thermochromic transitions may be
obtained with pure dymerized Polydiacetylene polymers as well as
plural compositions where the diacetylene polymer has been mixed
with a thermally responsive composition such as paraffin, waxes,
block co-polymers, plastics, silicon rubbers and the like.
[0060] Detector Component: Colorants and Pigments
[0061] The detector component of the Universal Lid presented herein
may also contain fluorescent dyes and pigments. Various mediums and
formats improve the coloration of the initial product matrix, as
well as create a strong contrast in the composition matrix, which
can indicate whether a contaminating species has been transferred
into the matrix. Fluorescent dye compounds may include, but are not
limited to: fluorescein, fluoresceine, resourcinol-phthalein,
rhodamine, imidazolium cations, pyridoimidazolium cations,
dinitrophenyl, tetramethylrhodamine and the like. A wide range of
fluorescent dyes that are activated at various wavelengths and emit
light at lower wavelengths can be purchased from Dayglo Inc., Swada
Chemical, Sigma-Aldrich (Saint Louis, Mo.) or Molecular Probes
(Eugene, Oreg.). Thus, a tagged or fluorescent polymer refers to
polymers which fluoresce as a result of incorporation of a
fluorescent moiety during polymerization.
[0062] Detector Component: Electro-Optical Polymers for Signal
Indication
[0063] The Universal Lids described herein may also include an
electroactive, electro-optical or non-linear optical polymer, for
example, polyacetylene, polydiacetylene, polypyrrole, polyphenylene
vinylene, polythiophene, polyisothianaphthene or polyaniline. When
the Universal Lids comprise such a polymer, the increase or
reduction in stress caused by the change in shape of the article
can also change the electro-active, electro-optical or non-linear
optical properties of the additional component, and the change in
those properties can be used to provide (or to induce) an
indicating and/or switching function.
[0064] Detector Component: Disposable/Reusable Sensors
[0065] The Universal Lids of the invention may also include
disposable or reusable sensor compositions. Such compositions may
be designed to sense various parameters, including but not limited
to temperature, time, time-temperature, spoilage, gas type, and
rancidness. By "disposable" is meant articles which are intended to
be discarded after a single use. By "reuseable" is meant articles
that may be used more than once, thereby replacing single-use
products.
[0066] Detector Component: Optional RFID
[0067] In some embodiments, the Universal Lids described herein may
optionally comprise Radio Frequency Identification Devices (RFIDs)
in conduction with one or more of the chemical detector components
described above. RFIDs can assist in tracking the freshness or
expiration dates of food or other products placed into storage.
Such devices are low-cost, passive or active "smart" chips or tags
that can be embedded in or attached to articles, products, and the
like, to convey information about the product via a scanner. Smart
tags are generally small label-like devices with a micro-chip and
miniature embedded antennae. The tags may be passive or active, the
active tags requiring an internal power supply. A reader or scanner
interrogates the smart tag with an electronic signal. In response
to this signal, the tag in turn generates an electromagnetic pulse
response that is readable by the scanner, the response containing
the product information. RFID smart tags can be embedded in or
attached to product packaging, storage systems, or incorporated
directly into the product, and may convey conventional "bar code"
information, as well as other more detailed information.
[0068] The scanner may be integrated with a computer system wherein
the information may, for example, be entered and used to track the
stored food products and perform any number of associated
functions. For example, the system may issue an alert (visible,
audible, or the like) when a stored product has expired or exceeded
a pre-determined freshness date. The system may sort and display
information about the stored products, organized such as, by date
entered into storage, manufacturer's suggested expiration date,
food group, date purchased, or any other desired criteria. The
system may be interactive, wherein a user may edit or replace data
stored in the smart tags (in which case the tags would be "active"
tags). The system may provide the consumer with coded links to
databases containing additional information on the stored products.
For example, the smart tags may provide a URL code for the consumer
to access an Internet web site concerning the food product.
[0069] Thus, the invention contemplates the incorporation of RFID
devices into storage systems that communicate with receiving and
recording equipment implemented in appliances.
Universal Lids: Gas Permeability Component
[0070] The Universal Lids described herein may also include a gas
permeability component. Specifically, ambient gases given off by
perishable products can be controlled by incorporating gas
permeable agents into the lid composition. As such, the lid may
include a gas permeability component to assist in ambient gas
control. As used herein, the phrase "gas-permeability" refers to
the transport of gases such as oxygen, nitrogen and carbon dioxide
across a membrane. Unless otherwise noted, "gas-permeability"
refers to all gases in general. Gases can be controlled by
diffusion from a container sealed with a lid and/or by adsorption
by of the gas by-product by compositions comprising a lid.
[0071] Gas Permeability Component: Ethylene Absorption
[0072] The gas permeability component may comprise an agent that
absorbs ethylene gas. Ethylene gas is a naturally occurring growth
hormone that builds up in all refrigeration units. (See Burg et al.
"Ethylene Action and the Ripening of Fruits Ethylene influences the
growth and development of plants," Science Vol. 148. no. 3674, pp.
1190-1196 (1965)).
[0073] Ethylene gas absorbing agents include, but are not limited
to RD FRESH (Ethylene Inc.), which uses a proprietary mix of
zeolite minerals and zeolite caged compounds (e.g., clinoptilolite
and chabazite). These minerals have absorptive properties, and can
include an activating agent (potassium permanganate) that
specifically enhances the absorption of ethylene gas. The minerals
have a unique 3-dimensional structure (similar to a honeycomb)
consisting of interconnected tunnels and cages. Moisture molecules
move freely into the tunnels, and are then trapped along with
unwanted gases within the cages.
[0074] Filters manufactured by Ethylene Inc. comprise a non-toxic,
odorless mineral formula that works like a large sponge to remove
harmful ethylene gas. Filters manufactured by Ethylene Inc.
maintain cold storage humidity at optimum levels and absorb problem
odors. Such filters extend the life cycle of produce, flowers and
even refrigerators themselves. Sodium bicarbonate (baking soda)
reservoirs can be included as a juxtaposed element in the storage
container to trap unwanted odors and prolong food storage.
[0075] Universal Lids according to the invention may also comprise
gas permeable or gas quenching compositions, such as, for example,
localized LANDEC "Intelligent Materials", mineral based materials,
other catalysts and/or gas transfer/quenching agents.
Universal Lids: Storage Systems
[0076] The Universal Lids described herein may also be integrated
into multi-functional food storage containers. Such
multi-functional food storage containers may be capable of
providing one or more of the following features: ethylene oxide
transfer for sterilization, temperature insulation, reversible
temperature indicators, port/re-usable placement of irreversible
temperature indicators, time-temperature indicators ("TTIs"), low
temperature and heating/cooking indicators, and/or spoilage
indicators. Such multi-functional food storage containers may also
be microwave, dishwasher, and freezer-safe.
[0077] Thus, embodiments of the invention include, but are not
limited to, the use of the Universal Lids described herein in the
manufacture of storage systems for food, perishable products, and
ingestibles; as well as other accessories that combine one or more
key elements, which enhance, prolong, diagnose, improve, sense,
record, indicate, modulate, regulate, simplify, organize, and/or
promote safety and handling with regard to food, perishable
products, and other ingestibles. As such, the invention may
comprise a sealed container comprising a container having an
opening, and a compliant lid configured to seal at least two
different containers that differ from each other by container
opening size. The difference in opening size may be 5% or more,
with respect to the diameter or length of the opening. Such
lid:container systems may further include elastomeric, detector
and/or gas permeability components, as described in more detail
herein.
[0078] Storage Systems: Use of Lids with Disposable and/or
Insulating Plastic
[0079] The Universal Lids described herein may include or be used
in association with disposable and/or insulating plastic bags. Such
plastic bags may have a high thermal capacitance multilayer
insulation structure. Such a structure is of particular utility for
thermal protection against exposure to alternate high and low
radiant heat flux levels. Plastic bags of this sort may comprise,
for example, walls of laminate, alternate metal foil or metallized
plastic foil layers, and layers of material that are characterized
by phase changes upon the absorption of heat. The foil layers may
provide for high reflectance and reradiation of heat flux, while
the phase change layers provide for absorption and storage of heat
during periods of high heat flux.
[0080] Such disposable and/or insulating plastic bags that
integrate multiple elements discussed herein. Specifically, such
insulating plastic bags may also incorporate thermochromic
indicators and/or gas permeable properties. The Universal Lids
described herein can also comprise or be used in association with
biodegradable packaging materials based on corn or other polymer
blends. One example is a two-component blend composed of
polycaprolactone (PCL) and native corn starch, modified by addition
of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB).
[0081] Storage Systems: Use of UV Light During Packaging
[0082] A Universal Lid according to the invention, which may be
stretched over any plastic or glass dish, for example, will often
require sterilization prior to packaging. The integration of
ultraviolet ("UV") light in the packaging process provides for
rapid sanitation. UV light can effectively disinfect surface
contaminants such as bacteria, yeast, mold and spores; however, it
is only effective on contaminants that are exposed to and
penetrated by the UV light. An apparatus having a central torus
shape, i.e., a vessel with an inner surface forming a torus, or a
donut, provides a useful geometry for the source of UV light for
sterilization. Other shapes include bars or wands. Application of
the source of UV light is employed prior to the molding processes
described herein.
[0083] Storage Systems: Sealing of UV-Transparent Food Storage
Containers
[0084] Universal Lids according to the invention may also be
configured to seal UV-transparent food storage containers which may
allow for simultaneous UV sterilization while foods are stored
inside such containers. According to this embodiment, UV energy
passes through the UV transparent packaging and/or wrapping
material, but any ultraviolet light that passes through the
material is then reflected back through the material towards the UV
source. As such, the container but not its contents, is exposed to
UV energy.
[0085] Storage Systems: Delivery of Preserving Material or
Agents
[0086] Food, perishable, or ingestibles storage systems or
components for use with the Universal Lids presented herein can
also be designed to have a feature that delivers a set amount of a
preserving material or agent into the food, perishable, or
ingestible. Delivery of the preserving material or agent can
benefit the storage process by physically or chemically enhancing
the storage conditions.
[0087] Storage Systems: Sealing of Shapeable Plastic
[0088] Universal Lids according to the invention may also comprise
shape/memory plastics for prolonging food storage and providing
convenient spatial organization. For example, the Universal Lids
may be configured to seal-shapeable plastic storage containers that
can be reset in size and dimension by warming and/or cooling, with
or without the addition of thermochromics.
[0089] The Universal Lids of the invention can also contain
components within which heat can be generated in order to cause the
article to change shape. For example, Universal Lids of this type
can comprise a resistance element (composed, for example, of metal
or a polymer having conductive particles dispersed therein) and
means for passing an electric current through the resistance
element, or can be composed of a material within which heat can be
generated by induction heating, which involves increasing the
temperature in a material by induced electric current, also known
as "eddy-current" heating.
[0090] Self-configuring or morphological changing embodiments can
be generated using shape/memory/optical changing compositions. For
example, a flat or deformed layer comprised with shape/memory
and/or color shifting materials can assume an initial shape. The
shape/memory component can contain a relief material or additive
which harbors an intrinsic shape pre-set in the composition. Upon
warming, the object will assume its first state or configuration
(e.g., a factory molded standard lid configuration).
[0091] Shape/memory materials with intrinsic optical properties can
exhibit a plurality of shape/memory changes combined with single or
multiple optical effects including but are not limited to
thermochromic, photochromic, combined tactochromic and
thermochromic effects, combined holographic and thermochromic
effects, combined thermochromic and photochromic effects, combined
photo-luminescent and thermochromic effects, various combined
thermochromic effects such as liquid crystal effects and intrinsic
color change effects from polydiacetylenes or alternative
thermochromic materials, mechanochromic and thermochromic effects,
pH sensitive color changes alone or in combination with other
optical effects, and an assortment of related combined optical
effects which exhibit synergy with the shape/memory change process.
Particle additives of a variety of shapes and sizes can be combined
with the shape/memory material to create attractive and interesting
visual affects during the shaping, deformation, reshaping or shape
memory process.
[0092] Depending on the shape/memory material composition and
associated optical/change composition employed, it may be desirable
to ensure the comprising composition does not stick or adversely
adhere to itself during use. Lubricating agents or surfactants can
be employed to facilitate non-stick or adherence properties.
[0093] Shape/memory material can be purchased from vendors such as
BASF, DuPont, Bay Materials or the like. Shape/memory materials may
also comprise polyethylene and/or polypropylene. Composites can be
made with shape/memory plastics, vinyl, high and low impact
plastics exotic polymers used for various industrial applications,
epoxy resins where various ratios between the epoxy and hardener
can be utilized, metals and metal alloys, bi-metal materials used
in thermometers, comprised with components including rubbers,
silicon-based materials, certain ceramic materials, pressure
sensitive material, stampable materials, biologically compatible
materials, carbohydrate based materials, organic lipophilic
materials, waxes, biologically active materials, certain tissues
such as muscle, skin or hair, bio-absorbable materials, glass
compositions, ingestible materials, resins, epoxy-based composites
and resins, glue and adhesive compositions, polyurethanes and
derivatives (Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Japan), shape memory
alloys, shape-memory plastics (mnemoScience, Aachen, Germany),
oligo-dimethacrylate, n-butylacrylate and related polymeric
plastics, thermoplastic elastomers, networking polymeric systems,
classes of polyesters, polymers based on monomers comprised with
L,L-dilactide, diglycolide, and p-dioxanone, thermoplastic
multi-blockco-polymers, macrodiols, homopolymers of lactide or
glycolide compositions, or copolymers of lactide and glycolide
groups, chiral and non-chiral polymers, polyvinyl chloride
compositions, polyethylene terephthalate and analogs, and related
materials possessing shape/memory characteristics.
[0094] Organic polymeric groups can range in molecular weight from
less than about 1000 g/mol to more than about 10,000,000 g/mol. The
shape/memory plastic selected, polymer composition and degree of
polymerization will depend on the application of interest. The
shape changing material may also comprise a composition which
reversibly changes from one configuration to another and back
again, irreversibly changes from one configuration to another and
remains in its final shape, or can be formulated to possess
intrinsic abilities to undergo various permutations with and
without having memory of its initial or final configuration.
[0095] The absolute shape/memory change setting will depend on the
product application of interest. For example lids may be prepared
which change color and shape/color when warmed to about 100.degree.
F. At room temperature or below, the lid will have a solid
plastic-like feel. The color or hue can be adjusted to correspond
to a desired visual attractiveness for the lid. When the lid is
touched, or exposed to temperatures near body temperatures (e.g.,
75-90.degree. F.) the corresponding color and shape will begin to
change. The plastic embodiment will become softened and begin to
deform. Likewise, the thermochromic material comprising the
composition along with the shape/memory plastic will visually
change color corresponding to the rise in temperature. When
completely warmed above the softening temperature of the
shape/memory material, the lid will be completely deformed to
whatever configuration desired. When chilled back to room
temperature or below, the plastic shape/color change embodiment
will harden into its deformed configuration.
[0096] Temperature changes can be introduced with water, air,
electrically conductive circuits, heat lamps, radiating heat
sources, microwave heating where the shape/memory material has a
microwave reactive component present, frictional heat induction,
chemically induced heating, laser optically induced heating,
semiconductor laser optically induced heating, resistive heating
elements, Peltier plate induced heating, fluid circulating heating
sources, solar heating, directed or open flames, burning rocket
propellant, various forms of contact and conductive heating,
heating body contact and the like.
[0097] Reversible and irreversible versions of the color change
agent can be employed depending on the desired embodiment of
interest. Reversible agents can be employed where it is desirable
to have a multi-use effect or reuse the color change effect. For
example, lid products with continued and repeated use value will
find use of a reversible color change component comprising the
final embodiment. In this case it would be desirable to utilize a
reversible thermochromic or luminescent material which can be
repeated during usage. In another example, it may be desirable to
record a single color change permanently. In this case, it would be
desirable to utilize a thermochromically irreversible material
which changes from one color to another giving rise to a permanent
massage.
[0098] Shapes can be made to change slowly or with rapid response
time by adding relief layer composites, embedded springs, flexible
stays, or relief additives. The relief layer or additive acts to
accentuate a shape/memory effect. For example, a stiffened plastic
thread can be coated with a shape memory material whereby the
coating will be moldable at a temperature setting. Once molded and
chilled to set the desired shape, the fixed shape strand will hold
its configuration until it is warmed above the softening
temperature of embodied composition. The softened shape/memory
material will permit the stiffened plastic thread to resume its
original structure and extend to its original position.
[0099] The shape/memory material and associated relief layer
material can be formulated with 95% relief material to 5%
shape/memory material. More usually, they are formulated with 50%
relief material and 50% shape/memory material. Typically the
shape/memory material will comprise from about 60 to 100% of the
composition. The exact ratio of shape/memory material to relief
material will depend on the desired final property of the
embodiment or application of interest. The configuration,
shape/memory composition, relief composition, and method for
adjoining each component should be considered when designing the
final embodiment.
[0100] The shape/memory/optical material can be comprised of an
elastomeric material such that the elastic properties of the
elastomer can be utilized to create spring or rubber band-like
function. An associated elastomer can be stretched along with the
entire comprising composition above the softening temperature of
the shape/memory material. A shape can be enforced once the
composition is made stiff at below the softening temperature of the
shape/memory/optical material. Upon elevating the temperature of
the composition above the softening and/or optical change
transition temperature, the entire composition will respond
elastically to its original configuration and optically visual
appearance.
[0101] The shape/memory/optical material can be comprised as above
with a flexible metal or plastic spring such that the spring will
facilitate the conformational changes that the plural intrinsic
composite undergoes. Any of a variety of other flexible,
semi-rigid, elastomeric, load bearing, torsion bearing, friction
bearing, or related materials can be employed as a facilitating
means to impose initial and final conformations on the plural
intrinsic shape/memory/optical change composition. By way of
example, a sponge-like foam can be coated or contained within the
shell of a shape/memory/optical change material such that a shape
can be imposed and solidified by heating and cooling in an intended
shape. Subsequent heating and softening will cause reformation to
the initial molded shape assisted by the spring action from the
entrapped foam lattice.
[0102] The shape/memory and/or color change materials will comprise
from 0.01% to 100% of the lid embodiment. More usually, the
shape/memory and/or color change materials will comprise from 0.1
to 100% and typically comprise from 1% to 100%.
[0103] In a further embodiment, a Universal Lid may include
localized portions of the shape/memory and/or color change
comprising material such that hinges, localized deformations,
bends, protrusions, bulges, patterns, designs, extensions, and the
like can be effected whereas the remaining portion of the final
embodiment is unaffected by the shape/memory and/or color change
process. Electrically conductive heating elements can be employed
where conductive and/or resistive heating inks are printed into
various or specific patterns to achieve a desired localized or
patterned heating location on the embodiment.
[0104] In addition, plural compositions have applications for use
with the Universal Lids and systems disclosed herein. By "plural
composition" is meant a composition that incorporates thermal
switching/responsive material in combination with a color-shift
reporting element. Such a pleural composition would incorporate
various intrinsic capabilities, including changing its physical
properties, such as solid to liquid phase transition, viscosity,
hardness, and related physical parameters, as well as changing its
visual color, such as color hue, color density, opacity, and
related optical characteristics.
[0105] In a further embodiment, a Universal Lid may comprise
shape/memory materials that are comprised of inert plastics,
strained wood, polymeric composites, foods, lift-off layers adhered
to food layers whereby the food will change shape when the
shape/memory material changes shape. For example, a sugar layer,
edible paper layer, fondant layer or the like can be coated on a
thermally responsive shape/memory material. The edible layer can be
plain or colored with food color. Alternatively, the edible layer
can be printed using a screen printing or ink jet printing method
to create a graphic image, pattern, message or the like. When the
laminate is exposed to heat, the shape/memory material will
correspondingly change shape to a desired configuration. Graphics
printed on the edible layer can be initially generated such that
they are accurately displayed after the shape change has occurred.
Prior to the shape change, the graphic may be confused, scrambled,
or distorted.
[0106] Optical films that exhibit a visible color shift as a
function of viewing geometry may also be employed. Such films
exhibit a shift in apparent color as the observation or incidence
angle changes. Filters that comprise a glass or other rigid
substrate having a stack of inorganic isotropic materials deposited
thereon can also exhibit color shifts. A variety of light
transmissible materials can be used to create optical layers on
such films. Examples include thermoplastic polymers that can be
co-extruded from a multilayer die and subsequently cast and
oriented in sequential or simultaneous stretching operations.
[0107] Storage Systems: Machine-Readable Chemistry and Device
Configurations
[0108] The Universal Lids presented herein may also incorporate or
be used in association with machine-readable chemistries and device
configurations. Machine-readable chemistry and device
configurations used with the Universal Lids described herein can
include, but are not limited to various printed barcodes,
Interactive barcodes, abuse security barcodes; 1D, 2D, and 3D;
barcodes holographic barcodes, vision imaging systems, transient
barcodes, time-only barcodes, freshness indicating barcodes, shape
memory bar codes, and a variety of other applications and
formats.
[0109] The Universal Lids described herein can be formulated and
utilized in a variety of visual, scanning, imaging, and machine
readable processes as they relate to temperature monitoring
algorithms. Messages or codes can be made to appear or disappear;
parts or elements of graphics, symbols or codes can be utilized to
make the element, graphic, or code un-discernable or unrecognizable
until that portion of the medium has changed with temperature or
the like.
[0110] Visual readings are made with distinct visual determination
of a threshold color change that occurs. Machine aided formats are
made using an optical or electrical interpreted change in a color
hue or conductive characteristic in a co-topo-chemical composition
that undergoes a state threshold change. By way of example, but not
limitation, a composition can be printed or formulated in a machine
viewable format. A measurable reading may be taken of an initial
colorimetric state. A second or sequential reading can be measured
as threshold state occurs. During the transition from one state to
another state, an instrumented reading can be registered. The
threshold transition can be measured against a calibrated reading
such that the degree or magnitude of the state threshold change can
be recorded and monitored. Recorded and monitored machine
measurements can be displayed by instrumentation utilized in the
machine aided format.
[0111] Machine readable/responsive barcodes can be utilized for
determining the presence of or response to a temperature
fluctuation, visible light, ultra-violet light, irradiation for
applications such as food sterilization including gamma and cobalt
60 irradiation levels, hydration, pressure changes, high pressure
events including high pressure sterilization, contaminations such a
heavy metal contamination, alcohol levels, poisons, chemical
sensing, biological compositions, chemical reagents, non-specific
analyte binding, specific analyte binding, gases, physical and
mechanical responses, UV intensity, light intensity, sanitization
conditions, mechanical stress conditions, pressurization formats,
oxidation state, optical bleaching, end-of-use indication, time,
time and temperature, free radical content, hydration state, skin
care health, medical sterilization, clinical health status,
indicating sensors on food storage containers medical status,
security applications, anti-tampering applications, and any of a
number of other measurable indicia.
[0112] Machine readable codes for indicating time duration for
product shelf-life and use indication can be accomplished using
sensing compositions that shift spectrally in response to ambient
conditions and product storage.
[0113] A barcode may be embedded or obscured in conjunction with
the Universal Lids, and such, can be selectively revealed upon
triggering at set levels, concentrations or time points.
[0114] A range of barcode languages can be utilized that can be
partially of fully associated the Universal Lids. Barcode types
include, but are not limited to any language, a wide range in size
and numbers of character, as well as the barcode language of
interest: 39, 93, 128A, 128B, 128C,
[0115] A standard barcode or UPC code can be obscured, coated,
embedded in or over-laid by a mixed or single component chromic
change agent. Part of the standard bar code can be clearly visible
at the beginning of reading so as to generate an initial starting
parameter set. Selective portions of the barcode can be covered by
discrete compositions that are set to change color at
pre-determined temperature exposures. As the barcode is placed on a
product type at a lowered temperature the chromic change agent can
be activated. On activation, pre-determined elements of the code
will be obscured by the optical density of the chromic change
agent. The optical density of the barcode will be set such that a
barcode reader will not be able register the obscured portion/bars
that represent a specific code sequence. As the barcode/product is
raised in temperature and as pre-selected temperature are achieved
and exposed, a pre-determined section of bar code will be revealed
(reversibly or irreversibly depending on the nature of the chromic
change agent selected). As each temperature threshold is achieve
during the temperature exposure process, each pre-determined/coated
barcode region will be come machine readable.
[0116] Non-readable or partially readable barcodes utilizing single
or mixed composition polydiacetylene as the obscuring agent are
readily scanned for activity or inactivity in part or in whole.
[0117] Polydiacetylenes and other blue/black bar codes provide a
unique optical masking characteristic that makes partially readable
of fully non-readable part or all of the modified bar code. In
addition the transition of a blue/black polydiacetylenic compound
to a red or orange hue including but not limited to light pink to
dark red hues, provides for high optical readability by most
commercial barcode readers since the red, orange, pink or related
hues are optically transparent to the red light sources utilized in
standard barcode readers.
[0118] Readable barcode languages include but are not limited to
Morovia Code 25, 11, 12B. 139. UPC-A, UPC-E, EAN-8, EAN-13, code
128b, USS 39, USD 3, 3 of 9 code, code 39. hibcc. Java applet,
logmars, full, symbology, industry 2 of 5, discrete, self checking
codes, msi plesssey, one-dimensional barcodes, two-dimensional
barcodes, three-dimensional barcodes, halographic barcodes,
luminescent barcodes, and the like.
Universal Lids: Container Features
[0119] Examples of containers that may be sealed by the Universal
Lids presented herein may include, but are not limited to lids for
bowls, cups, cans, soda cans, wine bottle cork alternatives, wooden
bowls, salad bowls, TUPPERWARE, RUBBERMAID brands, pots, pans,
dishes, plates, bags, pouches, sacks, containers, containers with
or without undercuts, storage boxes, thermos containers, and the
like. The compliant, Universal Lids described herein may also serve
as protective barriers, which can also be used for lap-top
computers, books, documents, electronic components, radios, cell
phones, palm pilots, laboratory equipment, flat screen displays and
the like, to list a few non-limiting examples.
[0120] Container Features: Impeller Means
[0121] In certain further embodiments, containers used with the
Universal Lids presented herein may comprise an impeller means
which causes circulation of fluid or gas through lifting and
agitation, thereby promoting fluid flow and exchange.
[0122] Container Features: Vacuum Pressurized System
[0123] Convenient vacuum pumping or pressurizing systems can also
be employed in combination with any of the above food storage
systems. For example, the food may be held in a sealed hard walled
container which has as an integral part, a battery powered vacuum
pump. The vacuum pump may be used to draw air from the food storage
container portion of the apparatus, leaving the contained
foodstuffs in a partial vacuum (e.g., FIG. 3 item 30). The
foodstuffs stored in the container will then be exposed to very
little air, and to the spoiling effects of air.
[0124] Container Features: Lunch Box
[0125] Universal Lids according to the invention may also be
integrated into specific commercial items such as lunch boxes, for
example. By way of example, such lunch boxes may be configured to
provide illustrative and active warning indications to children,
parents, students, and teachers regarding any perishables contained
therein.
[0126] An example of a Universal Lid according to an embodiment of
the invention is shown is FIGS. 1, 2 and 3.
[0127] In FIGS. 1 and 2, Universal Lid 10 comprises a central flex
panel 12 having an outer surface 14 and an inner surface 16. An
elastic edging 18 is at the periphery of the central flex panel 12.
The elastic edging 18 may be a flat flange perpendicular to the
center panel (i.e., a "skirt"), a flexible flap projecting upwards,
or a mushroom-type feature, to list some non-limiting examples.
[0128] As shown here, elastic edging 18 has a hinge portion 20 and
a rim portion 22. The hinge portion 20 allows the center flex panel
12 to move axially relative to the rim portion 22. Axial movement
of the center flex panel 12 moves the rim portion 20 radially. When
Universal Lid 10 is placed on a container 50, as shown in FIGS. 1
and 3, axial movement of the center flex panel 12 moves the rim
portion 22 from the unsealing position of FIG. 2 to the sealing
position of FIGS. 1 and 3 to create a seal for storage of the
contents of the container. Thus, rim portion 22 may be considered
as having an annular skirt which engages the outside surface of a
container lip 24 when applied thereto. The skirt may also have an
undercut 26, which protrudes from inside the skirt wall to the area
under the container lip 24 to hold the Universal Lid 10 in
place.
[0129] Undercut 26 resembles a groove which is structured and
arranged to receive the edge 28 of container 50, which defines the
opening of the container to be sealed. The undercut cooperates with
the edge to facilitate attachment and sealing of the Universal Lid
10.
[0130] The terms radial and radially are used to describe the
illustrated embodiment of the Universal Lid 10; however, other
embodiments having non-circular shapes are also described wherein
the radial direction corresponds to a direction generally outward
from a center of the lid. The Universal Lid 10 shown in FIGS. 2-3
is a circular lid; however, other embodiments of the invention may
include shapes such as squares, rectangles and ovals, to list a few
non-limiting examples.
[0131] FIG. 4 provides an exploded cross-sectional view of an
undercut 35 in the skirt portion 40 of a Universal Lid according to
an embodiment of the invention. A first wall 50 extending downward
at a first angle relative to the skirt 40 of the lid, and a second
wall 35 extending downward from the first wall at a second angle
relative to the lid skirt 40. The central flex panel is denoted by
item 45.
[0132] Methods of Using
[0133] Aspects of the invention further include methods of using
the Universal Lids described above. Generally, the methods of the
invention will include sealing a container having an opening, and
placing a Universal Lid having a detector component as described
herein over the opening in order to seal the container. The
container may contain food items, non-food items, or other
perishables, for example. The container may be disposable,
biodegradable and/or reusable. The method may further comprise
detecting a signal from the Universal Lid, which has a detector
component as described herein. The signal may be visual, such as,
for example, a color change that is visible to the human eye, or it
may be machine-readable, and therefore detectable by the aided eye,
as described in further detail above and in Ribi et al.,
"Stylus-Substrate System for Direct Imaging, Drawing, and
Recording" PCT application serial no. PCT/US07/26209 published as
WO 2008/079357 (Atty. Docket No. SGAN-014WO); the disclosure of
which is herein incorporated by reference.
[0134] Applications
[0135] Universal Lids and methods of using the same, for example as
described above, find use in a variety of different applications.
One application of interest is "smart packaging." Examples of
current and envisioned intelligent packaging which apply to the
Universal Lids presented here include packages that (1) retain
integrity and actively prevent food spoilage (shelf-life); (2)
enhance product attributes (e.g. look, taste, flavor, aroma, etc.);
(3) respond actively to changes in product or package environment;
(4) communicate product information, product history or condition
to a user; (5) assist with opening and indicate seal integrity; and
(6) confirm product authenticity, and act to counter theft.
[0136] Systems
[0137] Also provided are systems that include one more Universal
Lids of the invention, as described above. In addition to the
Universal Lids of the invention, the systems may include associated
containers, with sensing and/or reporting elements imbedded
therein. Sensing and reporting elements of interest include those
described in Ribi et al., "Discrete Tunable Sensing Elements and
Compositions for Measuring and Reporting Status and/or Product
Performance" PCT application no. PCT/US2006/060871 published as
WO/2007/111702 (Atty Docket No. SGAN-012WO), for example; the
disclosure of which is herein incorporated by reference. As
described in this incorporated application, sensing and reporting
elements may be embedded, attached, molded or otherwise
internalized into the body of products, such as the Universal Lids
described herein.
[0138] Kits
[0139] Also provided are kits for using the subject compositions
and practicing the subject methods. Kits may include one or more
Universal Lids of the invention, as described above. The Universal
Lids of the kits will be equipped to seal the openings of at least
two different containers having container opening sizes (e.g., in
terms of diameter) that differ from each another by, for example,
5% or more, such as, by 10% or more, 20% or more, 25% or more, 50%
or more, 75% or more, 100% or more, etc. Where desired, the kits
may also include one or more containers having an opening. A given
kit may include sufficient Universal Lids and containers to make 1
or more, including 5 or more, such as 50 or more, 100 or more, 1000
or more, 5000 or more, or 10000 or more sealed storage systems.
[0140] The subject kits may also include instructions for how to
practice the subject methods using the components of the kit. The
instructions may be recorded on a suitable recording medium or
substrate. For example, the instructions may be printed on a
substrate, such as paper or plastic, etc. As such, the instructions
may be present in the kits as a package insert, in the labeling of
the container of the kit or components thereof (i.e., associated
with the packaging or sub-packaging) etc. In other embodiments, the
instructions are present as an electronic storage data file present
on a suitable computer readable storage medium, e.g. CD-ROM,
diskette, etc. In yet other embodiments, the actual instructions
are not present in the kit, but means for obtaining the
instructions from a remote source, e.g. via the internet, are
provided. An example of this embodiment is a kit that includes a
web address where the instructions can be viewed and/or from which
the instructions can be downloaded. As with the instructions, this
means for obtaining the instructions is recorded on a suitable
substrate.
[0141] Some or all components of the subject kits may be packaged
in suitable packaging to maintain sterility. Where desired, the
components of the kit are packaged in a kit containment element to
make a single, easily handled unit, where the kit containment
element may be a box or analogous structure and may or may not be
an airtight container.
[0142] The following examples are offered by way of illustration
and not by way of limitation.
EXPERIMENTAL
Example 1
[0143] Temperature indicating lid composition: A universal lid
composition was prepared using VERSAFLEX CL2000X, a thermo polymer
elastomer (GLS Corp.). The resin was extruded using a 1 inch 3 zone
extruder set at 250.degree. F., 390.degree. F., and 370.degree. F.
for zones 1, 2, and 3 respectively. A dried finely ground
thermochromic powder (10.degree. C. vermillian, blue, black,
yellow, turquoise, pink, brilliant green, brown, or other available
colors from Matsui Corp.) was added and blended at 1.5% by weigh
and coated onto the CL2000X resin. The resin/composition was
extruded at 90 rpm into elongated ingots.
Example 2
[0144] Compression molded universal lid: The temperature indicating
composition in ingot form in Example 1 above was compression molded
using a pre-machined aluminum molded (6061) into pre-determined lid
shapes comprising a top surface (0.06 inch thick and an undercut
edge band). The undercut edge band was 0.125 inches thick and 0.75
inches tall.
Example 3
[0145] Temperature indication and utility of a universal lid: The
universal lid molded in Example 2 above was stretched over a
variety of container types storing liquids, perishables, food
types, or other substances. The lid was compressed in the middle to
create permanent vacuum for enhanced storage conditions. The lid
transitioned from a light translucent clear color to a dark
temperature indicating color upon cooling to 10.degree. C. The lid
held its vacuum at room temperature, refrigerator temperature, and
sub-zero temperatures.
Example 4
[0146] Triple utility temperature indicating and gas control
universal lid: A triple utility universal lid that possessed a
highly elastomeric component, a thermochromic component, and a gas
control element was prepared using the composition in Example 1,
along with 2% by weight of a gas active mineral (clinoptilolite and
chabazite). The blended composition was molded using injection
molding to mold an 8 inch diameter lid, which was similar in
dimension to that prepared in Example 2 above.
Example 5
[0147] Use of triple utility universal lid: The universal lid
molded in Example 4 above was stretched over a variety of container
types storing liquids, perishables, food types, or other
substances. The lid was compressed in the middle to create
permanent vacuum for enhanced storage conditions. The lid
transitioned from a light translucent clear color to a dark
temperature indicating color upon cooling to 10.degree. C. The lid
held its vacuum at room temperature, refrigerator temperature, and
sub-zero temperatures. The gas deactivating mineral additive
assisted in reducing the ripening effects due to gases emitted by
food types stored in the sealed container compared with non-sealed
food types.
Example 6
[0148] Multi-utility temperature indicating and gas permeability
universal lid
[0149] A multi-utility universal lid that possessed a highly
elastomeric component, a thermochromic component, and a gas
permeability element was prepared using the composition in Example
1 along with 5% by weight of a semi-permeable component (INTERLEMER
composition, Landec Corporation). The blended composition was
molded using compression molding to mold an 8 inch diameter lid,
which was similar in dimension to that prepared in Example 2
above.
[0150] Although the foregoing invention has been described in some
detail by way of illustration and example for purposes of clarity
of understanding, it is readily apparent to those of ordinary skill
in the art in light of the teachings of this invention that certain
changes and modifications may be made thereto without departing
from the spirit or scope of the appended claims.
[0151] Accordingly, the preceding merely illustrates the principles
of the invention. It will be appreciated that those skilled in the
art will be able to devise various arrangements which, although not
explicitly described or shown herein, embody the principles of the
invention and are included within its spirit and scope.
Furthermore, all examples and conditional language recited herein
are principally intended to aid the reader in understanding the
principles of the invention and the concepts contributed by the
inventors to furthering the art, and are to be construed as being
without limitation to such specifically recited examples and
conditions. Moreover, all statements herein reciting principles,
aspects, and embodiments of the invention as well as specific
examples thereof, are intended to encompass both structural and
functional equivalents thereof. Additionally, it is intended that
such equivalents include both currently known equivalents and
equivalents developed in the future, i.e., any elements developed
that perform the same function, regardless of structure. The scope
of the present invention, therefore, is not intended to be limited
to the exemplary embodiments shown and described herein. Rather,
the scope and spirit of present invention is embodied by the
appended claims.
* * * * *