U.S. patent application number 12/355158 was filed with the patent office on 2009-07-23 for combustion device.
This patent application is currently assigned to MIURA CO., LTD.. Invention is credited to Hideo FURUKAWA, Masashi NAKASHIMA, Takashi SHINDO, Kohei YAMAGUCHI, Kenji YASUI.
Application Number | 20090183661 12/355158 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 40875417 |
Filed Date | 2009-07-23 |
United States Patent
Application |
20090183661 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
FURUKAWA; Hideo ; et
al. |
July 23, 2009 |
COMBUSTION DEVICE
Abstract
[Object] To provide a combustion device capable of suppressing
poisoning and deterioration of a CO oxidation catalyst due to
adhesion of S (sulfur) to the CO oxidation catalyst, which is
provided in the combustion device such as a boiler for the purpose
of reducing and removing the CO in the combustion gas. [Solving
Means] Provided is a combustion device including at least one can
body which has a gas flow passage R allowing passage of a
combustion gas G1 generated at a burner 16 and which heats a heat
medium through heat exchange with the combustion gas G1 passing
through the gas flow passage R, in which, in the gas flow passage
R, a CO oxidation catalyst C1 is arranged in a region corresponding
to a temperature range at the time of passing of the combustion gas
G1 where adhesion of S (sulfur) contained in the combustion gas G1
to the CO oxidation catalyst C1 is suppressed.
Inventors: |
FURUKAWA; Hideo;
(Matsuyama-shi, JP) ; YASUI; Kenji;
(Matsuyama-shi, JP) ; SHINDO; Takashi;
(Matsuyama-shi, JP) ; NAKASHIMA; Masashi;
(Matsuyama-shi, JP) ; YAMAGUCHI; Kohei;
(Matsuyama-shi, JP) |
Correspondence
Address: |
WESTERMAN, HATTORI, DANIELS & ADRIAN, LLP
1250 CONNECTICUT AVENUE, NW, SUITE 700
WASHINGTON
DC
20036
US
|
Assignee: |
MIURA CO., LTD.
Matsuyama-shi
JP
|
Family ID: |
40875417 |
Appl. No.: |
12/355158 |
Filed: |
January 16, 2009 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
110/215 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F23J 2219/10 20130101;
F23J 2215/40 20130101; F23J 15/02 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
110/215 |
International
Class: |
F23J 15/02 20060101
F23J015/02 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Jan 23, 2008 |
JP |
2008-013032 |
Claims
1. A combustion device comprising at least one can body which has a
gas flow passage allowing passage of a combustion gas generated at
a burner and which heats a heat medium through heat exchange with
the combustion gas passing through the gas flow passage, wherein,
in the gas flow passage, a CO oxidation catalyst is arranged in a
region corresponding to a temperature range at the time of passing
of the combustion gas where adhesion of S (sulfur) contained in the
combustion gas to the CO oxidation catalyst is suppressed.
2. A combustion device according to claim 1, wherein the CO
oxidation catalyst is formed by connecting together adjacent water
tubes of a water tube group constituting the can body.
3. A combustion device according to claim 1, wherein the CO
oxidation catalyst is arranged in a space formed in a water tube
group constituting the can body.
4. A combustion device according to claim 3, wherein the can body
has an opening in a side thereof, and wherein the CO oxidation
catalyst can be inserted into and extracted from the opening.
5. A combustion device according to claim 1, wherein the CO
oxidation catalyst is arranged so as to divide the gas flow passage
into an upstream side portion and a downstream side portion, and
wherein all the combustion gas passing through the gas flow passage
passes through the CO oxidation catalyst.
6. A combustion device according to claim 1, wherein the CO
oxidation catalyst is arranged in the gas flow passage in the can
body.
Description
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0001] The present invention relates to a combustion device capable
of suppressing deterioration of a CO oxidation catalyst for
reducing CO (carbon monoxide) in the combustion gas generated in
the combustion device.
[0002] Conventionally, in a combustion device such as a boiler,
when reducing to a level below a predetermined value (e.g., a
regulation value) the amount of CO contained in the combustion gas
generated as a result of combustion at the burner, the combustion
gas is passed through a CO oxidation catalyst to thereby remove the
CO through oxidation.
[0003] As a technology for thus oxidizing the CO contained in the
combustion gas by means of a CO oxidation catalyst, there has been
disclosed a construction in which a CO oxidation catalyst is
arranged in the exhaust gas passage (e.g., see Patent Document
1).
[0004] [Patent Document 1] JP 2004-69139 A
DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION
[Problem to be Solved by the Invention]
[0005] It should be noted, however, that the combustion gas
generated through combustion at the burner generally contains SOx
derived from S (sulfur) contained in an odorant added to the fuel
gas from the viewpoint of safety or contained in the fuel such as
heavy oil or derived from the SOx (sulfur oxide) contained in the
atmospheric air.
[0006] Thus, there is a problem in that the SOx generated through
the combustion at the burner comes into contact with the CO
oxidation catalyst or the like, and the S (sulfur) due to the SOx
adheres to a catalyst activation material such as a precious metal,
resulting in poisoning and deterioration of the catalyst and a
reduction in the service life thereof, which leads to an increase
in running cost regarding the CO oxidation catalyst or the
like.
[0007] The present invention has been made in view of the
above-mentioned problem. It is an object of the present invention
to provide a combustion device capable of suppressing poisoning and
deterioration of a CO oxidation catalyst due to adhesion of S
(sulfur) to the CO oxidation catalyst, which is provided in the
combustion device such as a boiler for the purpose of reducing and
removing the CO in the combustion gas.
[Means for Solving the Problem]
[0008] To solve the above problem, the present invention proposes
the following means.
[0009] The invention according to Claim 1 provides a combustion
device including at least one can body which has a gas flow passage
allowing passage of a combustion gas generated at a burner and
which heats a heat medium through heat exchange with the combustion
gas passing through the gas flow passage, in which, in the gas flow
passage, a CO oxidation catalyst is arranged in a region
corresponding to a temperature range at the time of passing of the
combustion gas where adhesion of S (sulfur) contained in the
combustion gas to the CO oxidation catalyst is suppressed.
[0010] In the combustion device of the present invention, the CO
oxidation catalyst is arranged in a region corresponding to a
temperature range where the adhesion of S (sulfur) is suppressed,
and hence the adhesion of S (sulfur) to the CO oxidation catalyst
is suppressed, thereby suppressing deterioration of the CO
oxidation catalyst. As a result, it is possible to increase the
service life of the CO oxidation catalyst.
[0011] In this specification, the adhesion of S (sulfur) to the CO
oxidation catalyst means that S (sulfur) is adsorbed on or reacts
with the catalyst activation material constituting the CO oxidation
catalyst, to thereby cover or combine with the catalyst activation
material.
[0012] The invention according to Claim 2 provides a combustion
device according to Claim 1, in which the CO oxidation catalyst is
formed by connecting together adjacent water tubes of a water tube
group constituting the can body.
[0013] In the combustion device of the present invention, the CO
oxidation catalyst is formed through connection of water tubes
adjacent to each other, and hence it is possible to arrange the CO
oxidation catalyst in a stable manner in a region corresponding to
a temperature range where adhesion of S (sulfur) is suppressed in
the water tube group.
[0014] Further, by connecting the water tubes adjacent to each
other, it is possible to easily arrange a CO oxidation catalyst
through which all of the combustion gas to be discharged
passes.
[0015] The invention according to Claim 3 provides a combustion
device according to Claim 1, in which the CO oxidation catalyst is
arranged in a space formed in a water tube group constituting the
can body.
[0016] In the combustion device of the present invention, the CO
oxidation catalyst is arranged in the space formed in the water
tube group constituting the can body, and hence the CO catalyst can
be easily arranged in a region corresponding to the temperature
range where the adhesion of S (sulfur) is suppressed.
[0017] The invention according to Claim 4 provides a combustion
device according to Claim 3, in which the can body has an opening
in a side thereof, and in which the CO oxidation catalyst can be
inserted into and extracted from the opening.
[0018] In the combustion device of the present invention, the CO
oxidation catalyst can be inserted into and extracted from the
opening formed in a side of the can body, and hence, when the CO
oxidation catalyst has been degenerated and needs replacement, the
CO oxidation catalyst can be replaced efficiently in a short
time.
[0019] As a result, it is possible to reduce the requisite cost for
the replacement of the CO oxidation catalyst and to suppress a
reduction in the availability factor of the combustion device,
thereby suppressing an increase in production cost.
[0020] The invention according to Claim 5 provides a combustion
device according to any one of Claims 1 through 4, in which the CO
oxidation catalyst is arranged so as to divide the gas flow passage
into an upstream side portion and a downstream side portion, and in
which all the combustion gas passing through the gas flow passage
passes through the CO oxidation catalyst.
[0021] In the combustion device of the present invention, the CO
oxidation catalyst is arranged so as to divide the gas flow passage
into the upstream side portion and the downstream side portion, and
all the combustion gas passes through the CO oxidation catalyst,
and hence it is possible to suppress leakage of CO.
[0022] The invention according to Claim 6 provides a combustion
device according to any one of Claims 1 through 5, in which the CO
oxidation catalyst is arranged in the gas flow passage in the can
body.
[0023] Due to the unevenness in the flame of the burner and the
arrangement of the water tube group in the gas flow passage, there
maybe generated some unbalance in the temperature, composition, and
flow velocity of the combustion gas in the sectional direction of
the gas flow passage. However, since the CO oxidation catalyst is
arranged in the can body, it is possible to minimize the unbalance
in the temperature, composition, and flow velocity of the
combustion gas through pressure loss of the CO oxidation catalyst
and to reduce the CO efficiently. Further, a uniform heat load can
be attained, and hence it is possible to suppress generation of
scale adhesion and pitting corrosion of the water tubes, making the
deterioration of the CO oxidation catalyst uniform.
[0024] When adhesion or condensation of water occurs in the gap
between the base member forming the CO oxidation catalyst and the
catalyst activation material, the service life of the CO oxidation
catalyst may be shortened. However, since the CO oxidation catalyst
is arranged in the can body and maintained at high temperature, the
adhesion of water to the CO oxidation catalyst and condensation of
water thereon are suppressed, whereby it is possible to increase
the service life of the CO oxidation catalyst.
EFFECT OF THE INVENTION
[0025] In the combustion device of the present invention, chemical
combination of the CO oxidation catalyst with S (sulfur) is
suppressed, and deterioration of the CO oxidation catalyst is
suppressed. As a result, it is possible to increase the service
life of the CO oxidation catalyst.
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
[0026] In the following, a first embodiment of the present
invention is described with reference to FIG. 1.
[0027] FIG. 1 are diagrams illustrating a small once-through boiler
(combustion device) 10 according to the first embodiment, of which
FIG. 1(A) is a longitudinal sectional view, and FIG. 1(B) is a
cross-sectional view taken along the line I-I of FIG. 1(A).
[0028] The boiler 10 is provided with a fuel supply portion 11, a
can body 12, a burner 16, and a combustion gas discharge passage
17, in which the can body 12 is arranged inside a casing 18, and an
economizer 19 is provided in the combustion gas discharge passage
17. Further, the boiler 10 has a gas flow passage R through which
combustion gas G1 flows from the burner 16 to a discharge port 17A
of the combustion gas discharge passage 17 by way of a water tube
group 14, and the combustion gas G1 generated at the burner 16 is
discharged from the discharge port 17A by way of the gas flow
passage R.
[0029] In this embodiment, the fuel of the boiler 10 contains a
fuel gas obtained by mixing raw gas with combustion air, and an
odorant containing S (sulfur), for example, is added to the raw gas
so that any leakage thereof may be discovered at an early
stage.
[0030] The fuel supply portion 11 is provided with a blowing fan
11a for supplying combustion air, and a nozzle 11b for supplying
raw gas, and the combustion air sent from the blowing fan 11a and
the raw gas supplied from the nozzle 11b are mixed with each other
in a duct to thereby produce the fuel gas.
[0031] The can body 12 is provided with a lower header 13, a water
tube group 14, and an upper header 15, and the water tube group 14
has a plurality of inner water tubes 14A and a plurality of outer
water tubes 14B.
[0032] Further, as shown in FIG. 1(A), the inner water tubes 14A
and the outer water tubes 14B are arranged vertically between the
lower header 13 and the upper header 15, and are connected to the
lower header 13 and the upper header 15 so as to allow passage of
water.
[0033] Further, as shown in FIG. 1(B), the inner water tubes 14A
are arranged on the inner side of the outer water tubes 14B, and
the space formed around the inner water tubes 14A constitutes the
gas flow passage R.
[0034] The outer water tubes 14B are arranged on the right and
left-hand sides of the gas flow passage R and extend from the
burner 16 toward the combustion gas discharge passage 17,
connection is effected by water tube wall portions 14C between the
outer water tubes 14B adjacent to each other, between the outer
water tubes 14B and the burner 16 side casing inner wall, and
between the outer water tubes 14B and the combustion gas discharge
passage 17 side casing inner wall, and the side surface of the
casing 18 and the gas flow passage R are separated from each other
by the outer water tubes 14B and the water tube wall portions
14C.
[0035] Further, castables (refractories) 18A are arranged on the
upper side of the lower header 13 and on the lower side of the
upper header 15.
[0036] In this specification, the terms combustion gas G1 implies
at least one of the fuel gas that has completed combustion reaction
and the fuel gas that is undergoing combustion reaction, and the
term combustion gas G1 covers all of the following cases: the case
in which there are both the fuel gas that has completed combustion
reaction and the fuel gas that is undergoing combustion reaction,
the case in which there is only the fuel gas that is undergoing
combustion reaction, and the case in which there is only the fuel
gas that has completed combustion reaction.
[0037] The burner 16 in the first embodiment has a burner element
16A having on the water tube group 14 side surface thereof a
plurality of nozzle holes arranged in a planar fashion along the
surface; the fuel gas supplied from the fuel supply portion 11 is
burned at the burner element 16A.
[0038] Further, the burner 16 can control the combustion state
(e.g., high combustion, low combustion) based, for example, on the
pressure of a steam collecting portion (not shown) detected by a
pressure sensor.
[0039] In FIG. 1, the portion encircled by the dashed line
extending from the burner element 16A toward the water tube group
14 conceptually indicates the flame formed by the burner element
16A.
[0040] The high temperature combustion gas G1 generated through
combustion at the burner 16 passes through the gas flow passage R
and heats the water in the water tube group 14, heating the water
in the economizer 19 after being introduced into the combustion gas
discharge passage 17.
[0041] The combustion gas discharge passage 17 is connected to the
downstream side of the can body 12 and can discharge the combustion
gas G1 to the exterior.
[0042] The economizer 19 is arranged in the combustion gas
discharge passage 17 and heats water with the waste heat of the
combustion gas G1 passing through the combustion gas discharge
passage 17, and supplies the heated water to the lower header
13.
[0043] The casing 18 is formed so as to cover at least the surfaces
of the can body 12 on both sides of the boiler 10, the surface
thereof on the fuel supply portion 11 side, and the surface thereof
on the combustion gas discharge passage 17 side, preventing leakage
of the combustion gas G1 and exposure of the heated water tube
group 14.
[0044] Further, the casing 18 has, in the water tube group 14, a
space P1 for arranging a CO oxidation catalyst C1, and the space P1
is formed, for example, at the center in the longitudinal direction
of the can body 12 by arranging the inner water tubes 14A such that
a space larger than the thickness of the CO oxidation catalyst C1
is formed linearly in the width direction (a direction orthogonal
to the gas flow passage R) of the can body 12 between the inner
water tubes 14A adjacent to each other in the direction in which
the gas flow passage R extends.
[0045] The space P1 is a region corresponding to a temperature
range where adhesion of S (sulfur) contained in the combustion gas
G1 to the CO oxidation catalyst C1 is suppressed at least in a
state in which the burner 16 performs stable combustion to increase
the temperature of the CO oxidation catalyst C1 to a stable
level.
[0046] Specifically, the temperature range where adhesion of S
(sulfur) to the CO oxidation catalyst C1 is suppressed is, for
example, from approximately 400.degree. C. to 1000.degree. C., and,
more preferably, from approximately 500.degree. C. to 700.degree.
C.
[0047] The stable combustion of the burner 16 refers to a state in
which at least one of high combustion and low combustion is being
continued, and, in all combustion states, the temperature of the CO
oxidation catalyst C1 due to the stable combustion of the burner 16
is preferably in a temperature range in which adhesion of S
(sulfur) to the CO oxidation catalyst C1 is suppressed.
[0048] Due to the arrangement of the CO oxidation catalyst C1, the
sectional configuration of the gas flow passage R in the space P1
is such that the gas flow passage R is divided into the upstream
side portion and the downstream side portion of the CO oxidation
catalyst C1, all the combustion gas G1 passes through the CO
oxidation catalyst C1, and leakage of any combustion gas G1 not
passing through the CO oxidation catalyst C1 to the exterior of the
boiler 10 is suppressed.
[0049] As shown in FIG. 2, the CO oxidation catalyst C1 is formed
by carrying, for example, platinum, as a catalyst activation
material on the surface of a rectangular flat-plate-like base
member C10 having a plurality of ventilation holes formed in the
thickness direction, and the CO contained in the combustion gas G1
is oxidized into CO.sub.2, thereby removing the CO.
[0050] The base member C10 is formed by alternately superimposing
one upon the other first base members C11 formed of strip-like flat
plates and second base members C12 formed of corrugated plates and
surrounding them by a side plate C13 to fix them in position.
[0051] The first base member C11 and the second base member C12 are
formed by stainless-steel plates that have undergone surface
treatment in order to enlarge the area with which they come into
contact with the exhaust gas and have a multitude of minute
protrusions and recesses on their surfaces, with the catalyst
activation material being carried by those minute protrusions and
recesses.
[0052] There are no particular limitations regarding the structure
of the CO oxidation catalyst C1. It is possible, for example, to
form instead of the base member C10 a base member allowing
ventilation by a metal other than stainless steel or of a ceramic
material, with the catalyst activation material being carried by
the surface thereof. Further, the ventilation property for the
combustion gas G1 may be obtained not by the ventilation holes but
by a sponge-like porous structure with ventilation holes whose
direction is not fixed, or by a structure in which a large number
of pellets carrying a catalyst activation material are accommodated
in a container having a flow passage allowing ventilation.
[0053] As the catalyst activation material, it is also possible to
use a precious metal other than platinum (Ag, Au, Rh, Ru, Pt, Pd)
or a metal oxide (NiOx, CuOx, CoOx, MnOx).
[0054] Further, the CO oxidation catalyst C1 may also have, in
addition to the CO oxidation effect, an effect of reducing the NOx
contained in the combustion gas G1 as a NOx reduction catalyst.
Alternatively, a NOx reduction catalyst may be arranged along with
the CO oxidation catalyst C1.
[0055] Next, the operation of the boiler 10 is described.
[0056] 1) The fuel gas supplied from the fuel supply portion 11 to
the burner 16 is ejected from the nozzle holes of the burner
element 16A and burned to generate a high temperature combustion
gas G1.
[0057] 2) While passing through the gas flow passage R, the
combustion gas G1 heats the water in the water tube group 14 to
vaporize the same. After passing through the water tube group 14,
the combustion gas G1 moves toward the discharge port 17A of the
combustion gas discharge passage 17.
[0058] The steam generated through heating is supplied to steam
consuming equipment by way of the upper header 15.
[0059] 3) When passing through the water tube group 14, the
combustion gas G1 passes through the CO oxidation catalyst C1, and
the CO contained in the combustion gas G1 is oxidized into
CO.sub.2, resulting in a reduction in the concentration of the CO
contained in the combustion gas G1.
[0060] 4) The temperature of the CO oxidation catalyst C1 when the
combustion gas G1 passes through the CO oxidation catalyst C1 is,
for example, from 400.degree. C. to 1000.degree., and reaction of
the S (sulfur) contained in the combustion gas G1 with the CO
oxidation catalyst Cl is suppressed, thus suppressing adhesion of S
(sulfur) to the CO oxidation catalyst C1.
[0061] In the boiler 10 of the first embodiment, the CO oxidation
catalyst C1 is arranged in a region corresponding to a temperature
range where adhesion of S (sulfur) is suppressed, and hence
chemical combination of S (sulfur) with the base member C10 forming
the CO oxidation catalyst and the catalyst activation material
carried by the base member C10 is suppressed, whereby deterioration
of the CO oxidation catalyst C1 is suppressed.
[0062] As a result, it is possible to reduce the running cost of
the CO oxidation catalyst C1 and to increase the service life of
the CO oxidation catalyst C1.
[0063] Further, the CO oxidation catalyst C1 is arranged in the
space P1 formed in the water tube group 14, and hence the CO
oxidation catalyst C1 can be easily arranged over the entire
section of the gas flow passage R in the can body 12. As a result,
discharge of high concentration CO to the exterior of the boiler 10
is suppressed.
[0064] Further, since the CO oxidation catalyst C1 is arranged in
the can body 12, the unevenness in the flame of the burner 16 and
the unbalance in the temperature, composition, and flow velocity of
the combustion gas G1 in the sectional direction of the gas flow
passage R generated due to the arrangement of the water tube group
14 can be reduced through pressure loss of the CO oxidation
catalyst Cl, and it is possible to efficiently reduce the CO due to
the CO oxidation catalyst C1, whereby adhesion of scales to the
water tubes 14A, 14B and generation of pitting corrosion are
suppressed to make the deterioration of the CO oxidation catalyst
C1 uniform, thereby reducing the running cost of the CO oxidation
catalyst C1.
[0065] When adhesion and condensation of water occur in the gap
between the base member C10 constituting the CO oxidation catalyst
C1 and the catalyst activation material, the service life of the CO
oxidation catalyst C1 may be reduced. However, the CO oxidation
catalyst C1 is arranged within the can body 12 and maintained at
high temperature, whereby adhesion and condensation of water to and
on the CO oxidation catalyst C1 are suppressed, thereby increasing
the service life of the CO oxidation catalyst C1.
[0066] Next, a boiler 20 according to a second embodiment of the
present invention is described.
[0067] FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the boiler 20 of the second
embodiment.
[0068] The boiler 20 differs from the boiler 10 in the following
point. In the boiler 20, there is formed, in the side surface
(side) of the boiler 10 indicated by the chain double-dashed line
in FIG. 1(A), an opening 18B extending into the interior of the can
body 12 from the casing 18 and the water tube wall portions 14C,
and a CO oxidation catalyst C2 is arranged in a space P2 of the can
body 12 so as to be capable of being inserted into and extracted
from the opening 18B.
[0069] The opening 18B is formed, for example, at the center in the
longitudinal direction of the boiler 20, and the space P2 is formed
in a region corresponding to a temperature range for the arranged
CO oxidation catalyst C2 where adhesion of S (sulfur) is
suppressed.
[0070] A cover member 18D can be mounted to the opening 18B, and
the opening 18B extending through the water tube wall portion 14C
and the casing 18 is closed by the cover member 18D. Other
components are the same as those of the first embodiment, and hence
the same components are indicated by the same reference symbols,
and descriptions thereof are omitted.
[0071] In the boiler 20, when the CO oxidation catalyst C1 has been
degenerated and needs replacement, it is possible to replace the CO
oxidation catalyst C1 efficiently in a short time.
[0072] As a result, it is possible to reduce the cost for the
replacement of the CO oxidation catalyst C1, and to suppress a
reduction in the availability factor of the boiler 20, thereby
suppressing an increase in production cost.
[0073] Next, a boiler 30 according to a third embodiment of the
present invention is described.
[0074] FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the boiler 30 of the third
embodiment.
[0075] The boiler 30 differs from the boiler 10 of the first
embodiment in that, while in the boiler 10 the CO oxidation
catalyst C1 formed as a flat plate is arranged in the space P1, in
the boiler 30, a CO oxidation catalyst C3 formed by a mesh-shaped
stainless steel carrying a catalyst activation material on the
surface thereof is mounted, by welding or the like, to water tubes
14A, 14B constituting the water tube group 14 so as to connect the
adjacent water tubes 14A, 14B to each other.
[0076] The CO oxidation catalyst C3 is arranged in a region
corresponding to a temperature range T (maximum temperature T1,
minimum temperature T2), conceptually indicated by the dashed line
in FIG. 4, where adhesion of S (sulfur) is suppressed. Other
components are the same as those of the first embodiment, and hence
the same components are indicated by the same reference symbols,
and descriptions thereof are omitted.
[0077] In the boiler 30, in the temperature distribution formed in
the gas flow passage R through passage of the combustion gas G1, it
is possible to select a position for the arrangement of the CO
oxidation catalyst C3 in correspondence with the temperature
distribution from a region corresponding to a temperature range
(maximum temperature T1, minimum temperature T2) where adhesion of
S (sulfur) to the CO oxidation catalyst C3 is suppressed.
[0078] As a result, it is possible to efficiently suppress adhesion
of S (sulfur) to the CO oxidation catalyst C3 and to improve the
efficiency in the CO oxidation performed by the CO oxidation
catalyst C3.
[0079] Next, a boiler 40 according to a fourth embodiment of the
present invention is described.
[0080] FIG. 5 are diagrams showing the boiler 40 of the fourth
embodiment.
[0081] The boiler 40 differs from the boiler 10 in that, while in
the boiler 10 the CO oxidation catalyst C1 is arranged at the
center in the longitudinal direction of the can body 12, in the
boiler 40, the can body 12 is provided with a first can body 12A
and a second can body 12B arranged in series along the combustion
gas flow passage R, and that a CO oxidation catalyst C4 is arranged
between the first can body 12A and the second can body 12B. The CO
oxidation catalyst C4 is arranged in a region corresponding to a
temperature range where adhesion of S (sulfur) is suppressed. Other
components are the same as those of the boiler 10 of the first
embodiment, and hence the same components are indicated by the same
reference symbols, and descriptions thereof are omitted.
[0082] In the boiler 40 of the fourth embodiment, the can body 12
is separable, and hence the CO oxidation catalyst C4, which has a
large size, can be easily arranged.
[0083] Next, a boiler 50 according to a fifth embodiment of the
present invention is described.
[0084] FIGS. 6 and 7 are diagrams illustrating the boiler 50 of the
fifth embodiment.
[0085] As shown in FIG. 6, the boiler 50 is provided with a can
body 55 having a lower header 51, an upper header 52, an inner
water tube group 53 connected to the lower header 51 and the upper
header 52 so as to allow circulation, and an outer water tube group
54 connected to the lower header 51 and the upper header 52 so as
to allow circulation and arranged on the outer side of the inner
water tube group 53 through the intermediation of a combustion gas
passage (gas flow passage) 58, and a burner 56 arranged above the
central portion of the can body 55, and water in the can body 55 is
heated and vaporized until combustion gas G2 generated through
combustion at the burner 56 is discharged through a discharge port
57 formed in the upper side surface of the boiler 50.
[0086] As shown in FIG. 7, in the inner water tube group 53, a
plurality of inner water tubes 53A are connected in an annular
fashion by water tube wall portions 53B, and, in the outer water
tube group 54, a plurality of outer water tubes 54A are connected
in an annular fashion by water tube wall portions 54B. Further,
fins K for absorbing heat are formed on the portions of the inner
water tubes 53A and the outer water tubes 54A facing the combustion
gas flow passage 58.
[0087] Further, the boiler 50 has, below the water tube wall
portions 53B of the inner water tube group 53, a plurality of
introduction openings 53D formed in the circumferential direction
for introducing the combustion gas G2 into the combustion gas
passage 58, and a plurality of discharge openings 54D formed in the
circumferential direction of the outer water tube group 54 for
discharging the combustion gas G2 in the combustion gas passage 58.
Thus, this boiler is formed as a forward flow can body boiler in
which the combustion gas G2 introduced into the combustion gas
passage 58 flows upwardly.
[0088] A CO oxidation catalyst C5 is formed, for example, by a base
member of stainless steel wire shaped into a flat mesh form, with
platinum being carried by the base member as the catalyst
activation material. As shown in FIG. 7(B), it is arranged in a
region corresponding to a temperature range where adhesion of S
(sulfur) to the CO oxidation catalyst C5 is suppressed, and it is
arranged, for example, such that the surface of the CO oxidation
catalyst C5 extends in a direction orthogonal to the longitudinal
direction of the combustion gas passage 58, and a plurality of end
portions of the CO oxidation catalyst C5 are connected, over the
entire periphery of the combustion gas passage 58, to the inner
water tube group 53 and the outer water tube group 54 by welding or
the like, with the introduction openings 53D and the discharge
openings 54D being separated from each other.
[0089] The CO oxidation catalyst C5 may be arranged in a region
corresponding to a temperature range where adhesion of S (sulfur)
to the CO oxidation catalyst C5 is suppressed and at any position
in the gas flow passage from the burner 56 to the discharge port
57. Further, the orientation of the surface of the CO oxidation
catalyst C6 can be set freely.
[0090] Instead of the base member formed by shaping stainless steel
into a mesh form, it is also possible to adopt a base member formed
by a body formed of a metal such as stainless steel or a ceramic
material, with the base member carrying a catalyst activation
material formed of a precious metal other than platinum (Ag, Au,
Rh, Ru, Pt, Pd) or a metal oxide (NiOx, CuOx, CoOx, MnOx). It is
also possible for the catalyst activation material to be carried by
the fins K by flame spraying or the like.
[0091] Next, a boiler 60 according to a sixth embodiment of the
present invention is described.
[0092] FIGS. 8 and 9 are diagrams illustrating the boiler 60 of the
sixth embodiment.
[0093] The boiler 60 differs from the boiler 50 of the fifth
embodiment in that, instead of the discharge port 57 formed in the
upper side surface of the boiler 50, a discharge port 59 is formed
substantially at the center in the height direction of the side
surface of the boiler 60, an introduction opening 53F for
introducing the combustion gas G2 into the combustion gas passage
58 is formed on the circumferetially opposite side of a discharge
port 59, and a discharge opening 54F for discharging the combustion
gas G2 from the combustion gas passage 58 is formed at a
circumferential position corresponding to the discharge port 59,
the combustion gas G2 introduced into the combustion gas passage 58
from the introduction opening 53F flows substantially half the
circumference through the combustion gas passage 58 and is then
discharged from the discharge port 59 by way of the discharge
opening 54F, thus, this boiler is formed as a .omega. flow type
boiler.
[0094] By removing the water tube wall portions 53B and the water
tube wall portions 54B, respectively, the introduction opening 53F
and the discharge opening 54F are formed to extend substantially
over the entire vertical length of the inner water tubes 53A and
the outer water tubes 54A.
[0095] Other components are the same as those of the boiler 50 of
the fifth embodiment, and hence the same components are indicated
by the same reference symbols, and descriptions thereof are
omitted.
[0096] As shown in FIG. 9, a CO oxidation catalyst C6 is arranged
in a region corresponding to a temperature range where adhesion of
S (sulfur) to the CO oxidation catalyst C6 is suppressed in both
the clockwise and counterclockwise routes of the combustion gas
passage 58 in plan view, through which the combustion gas G2
heading for the discharge opening 54F from the introduction opening
53F passes, for example, such that the surface of the CO oxidation
catalyst C6 extends in the longitudinal direction of the water
tubes 53A, 54A and that the introduction opening 53F and the
discharge opening 54F are separated from each other through
connection of the inner water tube group 53 and the outer water
tube group 54 performed by welding or the like.
[0097] The CO oxidation catalyst C6 may be arranged in a region
corresponding to a temperature range where adhesion of S (sulfur)
to the CO oxidation catalyst C6 is suppressed and at any position
in the gas flow passage from the burner 56 to the discharge port
59. Further, the orientation of the CO oxidation catalyst C6 can be
set freely.
[0098] The present invention is not restricted to the embodiments
described above but allows various modifications without departing
from the gist of the present invention.
[0099] For example, while in the above-mentioned embodiments the
boilers 10, 20, 30, 40 are small once-through boilers, the boiler
50 is a forward flow can body boiler, and the boiler 60 is a
.omega. flow type boiler, the present invention is also applicable
to boilers of various other structures, such as a flue and smoke
tube boiler and a water heater.
[0100] Further, while in the boiler 20 described above the opening
18B is formed in an side surface of the casing 18, such openings
may be formed in both side surfaces of the casing 18.
[0101] Further, while in the boiler 40 described above the can body
12 has two can bodies 12A, 12B, the present invention is also
applicable to a boiler having three or more can bodies.
[0102] Further, while in the above-mentioned embodiments the
combustion at the burner 16 is controlled to high combustion and
low combustion, the present invention is also applicable to a
boiler in which the combustion at the burner 16 is controlled
based, for example, on the temperature of the combustion gas G1 or
the CO oxidation catalyst or the composition of the combustion gas
or the like.
[0103] While in the above-mentioned embodiments combustion is
effected by supplying the burner 16 with a combustion gas obtained
by pre-mixing raw gas and combustion air with each other, it is
also possible to use, instead of a fuel gas, a liquid fuel such as
heavy oil, or powdered coal.
[0104] Further, while in the above-mentioned embodiments the CO
oxidation catalyst C1, C2, C3, C4 is arranged in the gas flow
passage R in the can body 12, it is also possible to arrange the CO
oxidation catalyst between the burner 16 and the can body 12,
between the can body 12 and the combustion gas discharge passage
17, or in the combustion gas discharge passage 17.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0105] [FIG. 1] Diagrams showing a boiler according to the first
embodiment of the present invention, of which part (A) is a
longitudinal sectional view, and part (B) is a cross-sectional view
taken along the line I-I of part (A).
[0106] [FIG. 2] A diagram showing an example of the CO oxidation
catalyst used in the boiler of the first embodiment.
[0107] [FIG. 3] A cross-sectional view of a boiler according to the
second embodiment of the present invention taken along the line I-I
of FIG. 1(A).
[0108] [FIG. 4] A cross-sectional view of a boiler according to the
third embodiment of the present invention taken along the line I-I
of FIG. 1(A).
[0109] [FIG. 5] Diagrams showing a boiler according to the fourth
embodiment of the present invention, of which part (A) is a
longitudinal sectional view, and part (B) is a cross-sectional view
taken along the line II-II of part (A).
[0110] [FIG. 6] A longitudinal sectional view of a boiler according
to the fifth embodiment of the present invention.
[0111] [FIG. 7] Cross-sectional views, taken along the line III-III
of FIG. 6, of the boiler of fifth embodiment, of which part (A)
shows the boiler as a whole, and part (B) shows in detail an
example of the CO oxidation catalyst.
[0112] [FIG. 8] A longitudinal sectional view of a boiler according
to the sixth embodiment of the present invention.
[0113] [FIG. 9] A cross-sectional view, taken along the line IV-IV
of FIG. 8, of the boiler of sixth embodiment.
DESCRIPTION OF REFERENCE SYMBOLS
[0114] G1, G2 combustion gas
[0115] R gas flow passage
[0116] C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6 CO oxidation catalyst
[0117] 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 boiler (combustion device)
[0118] 12, 12A, 12B can body
[0119] 14 water tube group
[0120] 16 burner
[0121] 18B opening
[0122] 53 inner water tube group (water tube group)
[0123] 54 outer water tube group (water tube group)
[0124] 55 can body
[0125] 56 burner
[0126] 58 combustion gas passage (gas flow passage)
* * * * *