U.S. patent application number 12/108374 was filed with the patent office on 2009-06-25 for dental products comprising bone growth enhancing peptide.
This patent application is currently assigned to Acologix., Inc.. Invention is credited to Russell Wayne Blacher, Yoshinari Kumagai, Motoyoshi Nomizu, TOSHIYUKI YONEDA.
Application Number | 20090163413 12/108374 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 22846634 |
Filed Date | 2009-06-25 |
United States Patent
Application |
20090163413 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
YONEDA; TOSHIYUKI ; et
al. |
June 25, 2009 |
DENTAL PRODUCTS COMPRISING BONE GROWTH ENHANCING PEPTIDE
Abstract
Dental products such as toothpastes, mouthwash and dental floss
are disclosed which products are enhanced by having dissolved,
dispersed or coated thereon a compound which promotes bone growth.
Preferred compounds are peptide sequences comprising 10 to 50 amino
acids are disclosed. The sequences are characterized by containing
an integrin binding motif such as RGD sequence and the remainder of
amino acids contiguous with the RGD sequence in matrix
extracellular phosphoglycoprotein. The sequences may be formulated
for dispersed in toothpaste or a mouthwash and administered to
enhance bone/tooth growth. When the dental products are used
repeatedly over time they enhance good dental health.
Inventors: |
YONEDA; TOSHIYUKI; (San
Antonio, TX) ; Nomizu; Motoyoshi; (Tokyo, JP)
; Kumagai; Yoshinari; (Hayward, CA) ; Blacher;
Russell Wayne; (Castro Valley, CA) |
Correspondence
Address: |
BOZICEVIC, FIELD & FRANCIS LLP
1900 UNIVERSITY AVENUE, SUITE 200
EAST PALO ALTO
CA
94303
US
|
Assignee: |
Acologix., Inc.
|
Family ID: |
22846634 |
Appl. No.: |
12/108374 |
Filed: |
April 23, 2008 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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11379316 |
Apr 19, 2006 |
7498021 |
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12108374 |
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10344046 |
Feb 7, 2003 |
7078021 |
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PCT/US01/25101 |
Aug 9, 2001 |
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11379316 |
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60225879 |
Aug 16, 2000 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
514/15.4 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61P 1/02 20180101; Y10S
514/90 20130101; A61P 19/08 20180101; Y10S 514/899 20130101; A61Q
11/00 20130101; A61K 8/64 20130101; Y10S 514/901 20130101; A61K
38/1709 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
514/12 ; 514/14;
514/13 |
International
Class: |
A61K 38/16 20060101
A61K038/16; A61K 38/10 20060101 A61K038/10 |
Claims
1-15. (canceled)
16. A method of treating bone tissue of a patient, comprising:
administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of
a formulation comprising: a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and
a peptide consisting of ten to fifty amino acids, wherein the
peptide is comprised of an RGD integrin binding motif and further
wherein the peptide is characterized by biological activity which
enhances bone growth; and allowing the formulation to enhance both
growth in the patient.
17. The method of claim 16, wherein the peptide is contiguous with
an RGD sequence of naturally occurring protein matrix extracellular
phosphoglycoprotein.
18. The method of claim 16, wherein the peptide consists of 15 to
35 amino acids.
19. The method of claim 16, wherein the amino acids are in an
L-conformation.
20. The method of claim 16, wherein the peptide is chosen from:
TABLE-US-00006 DFEGSGYTDLQERGD (SEQ ID NO:42) YTDLQERGDNDISPF (SEQ
ID NO:43) ERGDNDISPFSGDGQ (SEQ ID NO:44) TDLQERGDNDISPFSGDGQPFKD.
(SEQ ID NO:46)
21. A method of claim 16, wherein the peptide is
TDLQERGDNDISPFSGDGQPFKD (SEQ ID NO:46).
22. The method of claim 16, wherein the administering is by
injection.
23. The method as claimed in claim 16, wherein the peptide is
selected from the group consisting of: TABLE-US-00007 (SEQ ID NO:2)
AQKSPVKSKSTHRIQHNIDYLKHLSKVKKIPSDFEGSGYTDLQERGD (SEQ ID NO:3)
RGDAQKSPVKSKSTHRIQHNIDYLKHLSKVKKIPSDFEGSGYTDLQE (SEQ ID NO:4)
DSQAQKSPVKSKSTHRIQHNIDYLKHLSKVKKIPSDFEGSGYTDRGD (SEQ ID NO:5)
RGDSPVKSKSTHRIQHNIDYLKHLSKVKKIPSDFEGSGYTDLQE (SEQ ID NO:6)
DSQAQKSPVKSKSTHRIQHNIDYLKHLSKVKKIPSDFEGSGRGD (SEQ ID NO:7)
RGDTHRIQHNIDYLKHLSKVKKIPSDFEGSGYTDLQE (SEQ ID NO:8)
DSQAQKSPVKSKSTHRIQHNIDYLKHLSKVKKIPSDFERGD (SEQ ID NO:9)
RGDLKHLSKVKKIPSDFEGSGYTDLQE (SEQ ID NO:10)
DSQAQKSPVKSKSTHRIQHNIDYLKHLSKVKKIPSRGD (SEQ ID NO:11)
RGDLSKVKKIPSDFEGSGYTDLQE (SEQ ID NO:12)
DSQAQKSPVKSKSTHRIQHNIDYLKHLSKRGD (SEQ ID NO:13)
RGDVKKIPSDFEGSGYTDLQE (SEQ ID NO:14) DSAQKSPVKSKSTHRIQHNIDYLKRGD
(SEQ ID NO:15) RGDIPSDFEGSGYTDLQE (SEQ ID NO:16)
DSQAQKSPVKSKSTHRIQHNIDRGD (SEQ ID NO:17) RGDDFEGSGYTDLQE (SEQ ID
NO:18) DSQAQKSPVKSKSTHRRGD (SEQ ID NO:19) RGDGSGYTDLQE (SEQ ID
NO:20) DSQAQKSPVKRGD (SEQ ID NO:21) RGDGYTDLQE (SEQ ID NO:22)
DSQAQKSRGD (SEQ ID NO:23) RGDNDISPFSGDGQPFKDIPGKGEATGPDLEGKDIQTGFA
(SEQ ID NO:24) NDI RGDSPFSGDGQPFKDIPGKGEATGPDLEGKDIQTGFA (SEQ ID
NO:25) NDISPF RGDSGDGQPFKDIPGKGEATGPDLEGKDI (SEQ ID NO:26)
NDISPFSGD RGDGQPFKDIPGKGEATGPDL (SEQ ID NO:27)
FSGDGQPFKDIPGKGEATGPDLEGKDIQTGFAGPSEAES RGDTHL (SEQ ID NO:28)
IPGKGEATGPDLEGKDIQTGFAGPSE RGDAESTHL (SEQ ID NO:29)
EATGPDLEGKDIQTGFAG RGDPSEAESTHL (SEQ ID NO:30) NDISPFSGDGQPFKD
RGDIPGKGEATGPDLEGK (SEQ ID NO:31) GKGEATGPDLEGKDI
RGDQTGFAGPSEAESTHL (SEQ ID NO:32) FSGDGQPFKDIPGKGEATG
RGDPDLEGKDIQTGFAGPSEA (SEQ ID NO:33) DGQPFKDIPGKGEATG
RGDPDLEGKDIQTGF (SEQ ID NO:34) PFKDIPGKGEATG RGDPDLEGKDIQ (SEQ ID
NO:35) DIPGKGEATG RGDPDLEGKDIQTGFAGP (SEQ ID NO:36)
DGQPFKDIPGKGEATG RGDPDLEGKDIQTGF (SEQ ID NO:37) GKGEATG
RGDPDLEGKDIQTGFAGPSEA (SEQ ID NO:38) EATG RGDPDLEGKDIQTGF (SEQ ID
NO:39) EATG RGDPDLEGK (SEQ ID NO:40) EATG RGDPDL.
24. A method of treating bone tissue of a patient, comprising:
administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of
a formulation comprising: a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and
a peptide consisting of 15 to 35 amino acids in an L-conformation,
wherein the peptide is comprised of an RGD integrin binding motif
and further wherein the peptide is characterized by biological
activity which enhances bone growth; and allowing the formulation
to enhance both growth in the patient.
25. The method of claim 24, wherein the peptide is contiguous with
an RGD sequence of naturally occurring protein matrix extracellular
phosphoglycoprotein.
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The invention relates generally to the field of dental
products and more particularly to such products supplemented so
that they are useful in treating skeletal diseases.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] A wide range of dental products including toothpastes,
mouthwashes and dental floss are used. These products are generally
intended to reduce dental diseases. However, it is well-documented
that disorders of skeletal tissues and mineral metabolism cause
numerous significant health problems and such can be specific to
dental problems.
[0003] In humans, the maximum bone mass occurs between the age of
15 and 40 and is referred to as "peak bone mass." After such peak
bone mass age, bone mass begins declining gradually and the
mechanical strength of the bone is accordingly reduced.
Consequently, when mechanical strength declines to a certain level,
the individual is at greater risk of bone fracture. This natural
occurrence is called osteoporosis if severe enough to be
pathogenic.
[0004] The speed at which bone loss occurs differs among
individuals, and especially with respect to gender. In females, the
speed of bone loss accelerates immediately after menopause (See
FIG. 1) because of a significant decline in available estrogen, a
hormone which plays a critical role in maintaining healthy bone
metabolism. Postmenopausal osteoporosis constitutes an important
clinical problem because it afflicts significant numbers of women.
Notably, the ratio of female to male osteoporosis patients is
3:1.
[0005] The majority of bone diseases are characterized by loss of
bone minerals, weakening of bones and consequently, an increase of
the frequency and severity of bone fractures, which are called
"pathological fracture." In the elderly population, this has
significant social ramifications as well, as many of those with
bone fractures have difficulty with mobility, which often leads to
the deterioration of other mental and physical functions, resulting
in dementia, muscular weakness and/or fatigue. In addition,
morbidity and pain are significantly increased by thrombotic
events, such as pulmonary embolism which occur as a result of hip
or pelvic fractures.
[0006] In the United States alone, it is said that 52 million women
over age of 45 will suffer from osteoporosis by 2000. Current
worldwide osteoporosis population is around 200 million. Annual
incidence of pathological fracture in the United States alone is
approximately 1.5 million. It is estimated that annual medical
costs for those osteoporosis patients in the United States and
world are $14 billion and $60 billion, respectively.
[0007] Renal failure is also a significant health problem related
to mineral metabolism and skeletal formation, and the number of its
patients is increasing rapidly. Renal function is declining
gradually over several to ten years period in these patients. When
the renal function becomes approximately a quarter (1/4) of the
healthy level, the patients are classified to chronic renal
failure. When it becomes approximately one sixth (1/6) thereof,
they need to start dialysis and are called end stage renal disease
(ESRD). In patients with chronic renal failure, serum levels of
important minerals such as calcium and phosphate lose their normal
homeostasis, which results in malformation of skeleton. It is
called renal osteodystropny (ROD), which is a secondary
osteoporosis from renal failure. ROD can also cause pathological
fracture like osteoporosis. The prevalence of end stage renal
disease (ESRD) in the United States is rapidly increasing and about
to reach 300 thousand in 2000. As ESRD is a part of chronic renal
failure, there should be much higher number of ROD patients.
[0008] There are several other diseases of skeletal tissues and
mineral metabolism such as Paget's Disease, rikets, osteopetrosis,
hyperparathyroidism, and so forth and number of patients are
affected by these diseases.
[0009] Metabolically, bone is a highly active organ with bone
resorption and formation occurring continuously (remodeling). Bone
resorption is facilitated by osteoclasts which are differentiated
from monocyte/macrophage lineage cells. Osteoclasts adhere to the
surface of bone and degrade bone tissue by secreting acids and
enzymes. Osteoblasts facilitate bone formation by adhering to
degraded bone tissue and secreting bone matrix proteins, which are
mineralized mostly by calcium and phosphate. Osteoblasts
differentiate into bone cells (osteocytes), and become a part of
bone tissue.
[0010] Numerous experimental approaches have been attempted to
either accelerate bone formation or diminish bone resorption. For
example, growth factors such as BMPs (bone morphogenetic proteins),
TGF.beta. (transforming growth factor .beta.), IGF (insulin-like
growth factor), fibroblast growth factor (FGF) are known to have
potent biological activities in bone formation. In particular, a
few subfamily molecules of BMP such as BMP-2 are regarded one of
the most potent growth factors for hard tissue. However, these
factors have not been developed as therapeutic agents for systemic
bone diseases. It is because none of them can be delivered to the
bone selectively and some of these factors such as BMPs convert
soft tissue into hard tissue. It is called ectopic calcification
and a critical adverse effect for them when they are used
systemically. Further, the processes of bone formation and
resorption are so closely connected and that makes selective
increase of bone formation or selective inhibition of bone
resorption extremely difficult.
[0011] Currently, there is a need for an effective treatment for
bone loss. Therapeutic agents such as estrogen, calcitonin, vitamin
D, fluoride, Iprifravon, bisphosphonates, and a few others have
failed to provide a satisfactory means of treatment. (Gennari et
al., Drug Saf. (1994) 11(3):179-95).
[0012] Estrogen and its analogues are frequently administered to
patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis. Estrogen replacement
therapy involves administration of estrogen just prior to or after
the onset of menopause. However, as is often the case with steroid
hormones, the long term use of estrogen has significant adverse
effects such as breast and other gynecological cancers (Schneider
et al., Int. J. Fertil. Menopausal Study (1995) 40(1):40-53).
[0013] Calcitonin, an endogenous hormone produced by the thyroid,
binds selectively to osteoclasts, via its receptor, and inactivates
them. Since the osteoclast is the only cell which can dissolve bone
tissue, calcitonin binding can block or slow down bone degradation
caused by the osteoclast. However, this biological mechanism is
very short-lived, as the osteoclasts become tolerant to this drug
relatively quickly. Therefore, the use of calcitonin does not
provide an effective therapeutic option.
[0014] Fluoride has been shown to increase bone mass when it is
administered to humans. However, while bone mass is increased,
mechanical strength is not. Therefore, despite the increase in
apparent bone mass, the risk of fracture remains (Fratzl et al., J.
Bone Mineral Res. (1994) 9(10):1541-1549). In addition, fluoride
administration has significant health risks.
[0015] Iprifravon has been used to treat osteoporosis in limited
areas in the world. However, the actual efficacy of this compound
is questionable and it is not widely accepted as a useful
therapeutic agent for bone diseases.
[0016] Bisphosphonates are compounds derivatized from
pyrophosphate. Synthesis involves replacing an oxygen atom situated
between two phosphorus atoms with carbon and modifying the carbon
with various substituents. While bisphosphonates are known to
suppress bone resorption, they have little effect on bone
formation. Furthermore, bisphosphonates adhere to the bone surface
and remain there for very long time causing a long-term decrease in
bone tissue turnover. As bone tissue needs to be turned over
continuously, this decrease in turnover ultimately results in bone
deterioration (Lufkin et al., Osteoporos. Int. (1994) 4(6):320-322;
Chapparel et al., J. Bone Miner. Res. (1995) 10(1):112-118).
[0017] Another significant problem with the agents described above
is that with the exception of fluoride and iprifravon, they are
unsuitable for oral administration, and thus, must be given
parenterally. Since bone disorders are often chronic and require
long-term therapy, it is important that therapeutic agents be
suitable for oral administration.
[0018] In summary, a significant need exists for a therapeutic
agent which can prevent or treat bone loss. In particular, a new
drug that can selectively increase bone formation and/or number of
osteoblast without affecting bone resorption or soft tissue is
highly desired.
[0019] Another major health problem relating to skeleton and
mineral metabolism is that with teeth. In the United States alone,
it is estimated that 67 million people are affected by periodontal
disease and that the annual cost of its treatment is approximately
$6.0 billion in 2000. It is said 90% of the entire population
experience dental caries in their lives. The annual cost to treat
them is over $50 billion per year in the United States alone.
[0020] Dental caries is a universal disease and affects children
and adults. Periodontal disease, on the other hand, affects mostly
adults, and in particular, the aged. In many cases, the patient's
gum is inflamed and destroyed, the alveolar bone that supports the
teeth is deteriorated. Cement that composes the core of the root is
also damaged, and subsequently, teeth fall out. One of the most
common treatments for tooth loss involves the use of a dental
implant. An artificial implant (osseointegrated dental implants) is
placed in the space where the tooth was lost. In severe cases, an
entire denture is replaced by implants. However, implants
frequently loosen, or fall out because their fixation on the
alveolar bone is not always successful. Since alveolar bone is
somehow damaged in these patients, the implant can not always be
supported well by alveolar bone. When alveolar bone is severely
damaged, autogenous bone grafting is made. In this case, a bone
graft taken from another skeletal tissue of the same patient is
grafted in the damaged alveolar area so that the hard tissue is
regenerated and sinus is elevated there. Since these treatments
require expensive bio-compatible materials and/or highly skilled
techniques, the cost of treatment is usually very high.
[0021] It is believed that dental caries is caused by acidic
condition in the oral cavity. For instance, sugars are converted to
acid and dissolve the surface of the teeth. Although only enamel
and a part of dentin is affected in many cases, the damage can
reach the pulp cavity in severe cases that cause significant pain.
The most typical treatment is filling the caries lesion with
undegradable materials such as metals or metal oxide. Treatment of
dental caries mostly depends upon those materials and the
techniques by the dentists, which is often expensive.
[0022] Although a few therapeutic agents have been developed and
used in dental area, they are generally only anti-inflammatory
drugs, analgesics, and antibiotics. No generally effective
therapeutic agent that directly improves periodontal hard tissues
has been developed. Obviously, there is a significant demand for a
therapeutic agent that promotes regeneration of alveolar bone
and/or teeth, and increases the number and activity of
odontoblasts/osteoblasts that help form of dental tissues.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0023] Dental products including toothpaste, mouthwash, and dental
floss are disclosed which products are comprised of a compound
which enhance bone growth. The compound is any of a class of
compounds which are useful in treating or preventing a condition
associated with skeletal loss or weakness. The compounds are
peptides or analogs thereof which comprise between 10 and 50
monomer (e.g. amino acids) units. The amino acid sequence comprises
an integrin binding motif sequence which may be in the D- or
L-conformation. The remaining monomer units (the sequence other
than the integrin binding motif) in the compound may be amino acid
analogs but are preferably naturally occurring amino acids having a
sequence which is substantially the same as an amino acid sequence
contiguous with the RGD sequence in the naturally occurring
protein, matrix extracellular phosphoglycoprotein (Rowe et. al.,
Genomics (2000) 67:56-68).
[0024] An aspect of the invention is a set of peptides and/or
peptide analogs.
[0025] Another aspect of the invention is to provide toothpaste
which comprises a sufficient concentration of a compound of the
invention to enhance tooth and/or alveolar bone growth on areas
where deterioration has occurred.
[0026] Yet another aspect of the invention is to provide a
mouthwash which comprises a sufficient concentration of a compound
of the invention to enhance tooth and/or alveolar bone growth on
areas where deterioration has occurred.
[0027] Still another aspect of the invention is a dental floss
having coated thereon and/or embedded therein a compound of the
invention in an amount such that repeated application to teeth
and/or alveolar bone results in enhanced tooth and/or alveolar bone
growth on areas where deterioration has occurred.
[0028] A feature of the invention is that a compound of the
invention comprised an binding motif sequence in a D or L
conformation.
[0029] An advantage of the invention is that a compound of the
invention enhances skeletal growth.
[0030] Another advantage of the invention is that a compound of the
invention enhances the amount of osteoblast and possibly
odontoblast cells on the surface of new skeletal growth.
[0031] Another aspect of the invention is to provide a formulation
for therapeutic use which comprises a sufficient concentration of a
compound of the invention and can be injected into the pulp of
teeth, the space between the root of teeth and gum, or alveolar
bone to prevent the damage on teeth and/or alveolar bone or
regenerate the hard tissue in the damaged teeth and/or alveolar
bone.
[0032] An object of the invention is to provide a method of
treating skeletal loss by the administration/application of any
formulation/composition of the invention.
[0033] These and other objects, aspects, features and advantages
will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading this
disclosure.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
[0034] FIG. 1 is a graph showing the relationship between bone mass
and age in humans.
[0035] FIG. 2 is a schematic drawing of a matrix extracellular
phosphoglycoprotein wherein the area designated as "A" includes
sequences which match peptides of the present invention and the
area designated as "B" is a highly homologous motif to a group of
bone-tooth matrix phosphoglycoproteins such as osteopontin (OPN),
dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1),
and bone sialoprotein II (IBSP).
[0036] FIGS. 3A, 3B, 3C, and 3D are actual photographs of bone
cross-sections (from a seven day mouse calvaria organ culture
study) showing the effects of a control FIG. 3A), fibroblast growth
factor-I (FGF-1) FIG. 3B), and two peptides of the invention
designated D-00004 and D-00006 (FIGS. 3C and 3D, respectively).
[0037] FIG. 4 is a graph comparing the effects of different
compounds on calvaria.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
[0038] Before the toothpastes, mouthwashes, dental floss products,
peptides, analogs, formulations, and methodology of the present
invention are described, it is to be understood that this invention
is not limited to any particular embodiment described, as such may,
of course, vary. It is also to be understood that the terminology
used herein is with the purpose of describing particular
embodiments only, and is not intended to limit the scope of the
present invention which will be limited only by the appended
claims.
[0039] Where a range of values is provided, it is understood that
each intervening value, to the tenth of the unit of the lower limit
unless the context clearly dictates otherwise, between the upper
and lower limits of that range is also specifically disclosed. Each
smaller range between any stated value or intervening value in a
stated range and any other stated or intervening value in that
stated range is encompassed within the invention. The upper and
lower limits of these smaller ranges may independently be included
or excluded in the range, and each range where either, neither or
both limits are included in the smaller ranges is also encompassed
within the invention, subject to any specifically excluded limit in
the stated range. Where the stated range includes one or both of
the limits, ranges excluding either or both of those included
limits are also included in the invention.
[0040] Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms
used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of
ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Although
any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described
herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present
invention, the preferred methods and materials are now described.
All publications mentioned herein are incorporated herein by
reference to disclose and describe the methods and/or materials in
connection with which the publications are cited.
[0041] It must be noted that as used herein and in the appended
claims, the singular forms "a", "and", and "the" include plural
referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Thus, for
example, reference to "a peptide" includes a plurality of such
peptides and reference to "the method" includes reference to one or
more methods and equivalents thereof known to those skilled in the
art, and so forth.
[0042] The publications discussed herein are provided solely for
their disclosure prior to the filing date of the present
application. Nothing herein is to be construed as an admission that
the present invention is not entitled to antedate such publication
by virtue of prior invention. Further, the dates of publication
provided may be different from the actual publication dates which
may need to be independently confirmed.
DEFINITIONS
[0043] The term "dental product" refers to all and any product used
in the mouth. Preferably the product is used on a regular basis by
consumers such as toothpaste, mouthwash and dental floss. However,
the term includes products used solely by oral surgeons and
dentists such as dental implants and materials used to fill dental
cavities.
[0044] The terms "treat", "treating", "treatment" and the like are
used interchangeably herein and mean obtaining a desired
pharmacological and/or physiological effect. The effect may be
prophylactic in terms of completely or partially preventing a
disease or symptom thereof and/or may be therapeutic in terms of
partially or completely curing a disease and/or adverse effect
attributed the disease such as enhancing the effect of vitamin D.
"Treating" as used herein covers treating a disease in a vertebrate
and particularly a mammal and most particularly a human, and
includes:
[0045] (a) preventing the disease from occurring in a subject which
may be predisposed to the disease but has not yet been diagnosed as
having it;
[0046] (b) inhibiting the disease, i.e. arresting its development;
or
[0047] (c) relieving the disease, i.e. causing regression of the
disease.
[0048] The invention is particularly directed towards peptides
which make it possible to treat patient's which have experienced
bone loss or which would be expected to experience bone loss and
thus is particularly directed towards preventing, inhibiting, or
relieving the effects of bone loss. A subject is "treated" provided
the subject experiences a therapeutically detectable and beneficial
effect which may be measured based on a variety of different
criteria including increased bone growth, increased bone strength
or other characteristics generally understood by those skilled in
the art to be desirable with respect to the treatment of diseases
related to bone.
[0049] The term "antibody" is meant an immunoglobulin protein
capable of binding an antigen. The term "antibody" as used herein
is intended to include antibody fragments (e.g. F(ab').sub.2, Fab',
and Fab) capable of binding an antigen or antigenic fragment of
interest.
[0050] The term "binds specifically" is meant high avidity and/or
high affinity binding of an antibody to a specific
peptide--specifically a peptide of the invention. Antibody binding
to its specific target epitope is stronger than the binding of the
antibody to other epitopes on the peptide or to other epitopes on
other peptides. Antibodies which bind specifically to a peptide of
interest may be capable of binding to other peptides at a weak, yet
detectable level (e.g. 10% or less of the binding shown to the
peptide of interest). Such weak binding or background binding, is
readily discernable from the specific antibody binding to the
peptide of interest, e.g. by the use of appropriate controls.
[0051] The term "skeletal loss" refers to any situation in which
skeletal mass, substance or matrix or any component of the
skeleton, such as calcium and phosphate, is decreased or the bone
is weakened such as in terms of its ability to resist being
broken.
[0052] The term "skeleton" includes both bone and teeth. In the
same manner, the term "skeletal" means both bone and teeth.
[0053] The term "osteoporosis" is intended to refer to any
condition involving bone loss, i.e. involving a reduction in the
amount of bone mass or substance resulting from any cause. The term
particularly results in a bone loss resulting from demineralization
of the bone, post menopausal or peri-menopausal estrogen decrease
or nerve damage.
[0054] The term "subject" refers to any vertebrate, particularly
any mammal and most particularly including human subjects.
Invention in General
[0055] In general the invention comprises any dental product
comprising a compound which enhances bone growth. The product is
preferably a toothpaste, mouthwash or dental floss. The compound is
preferably a peptide comprising from 10 to 50 amino acids. The
amino acids are preferably one of the twenty naturally occurring
L-amino acids. However, D-amino acids may be present as may amino
acid analogs. A sequence of the invention will comprise an integrin
binding motif such as RGD sequence in either the L- or D-form but
preferably in the L-conformation. The peptide of the invention can
be amidated or non-amidated on its C-terminus, or carboxylated or
non-carboxylated on its N-terminus. The peptide of the invention
may or may not contain a glycosaminoglycan binding motif such as
SGDG sequence in L- or D-isomer form. A compound of the invention
is still further characterized by biological activity i.e. it
enhances skeletal growth as well as the growth or recruiting of
osteoblast or odontoblast cells on surface of the new skeletal
growth.
Specific Dental Products
[0056] The present invention is broadly applicable to all types of
dental products and is particularly useful in connection with
products used by consumers on a regular basis such as toothpaste,
mouthwash and dental floss.
[0057] Specific examples of toothpastes which could be modified by
having a compound of the invention dissolved, suspended or mixed
therein include those toothpaste compositions disclosed and
described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,045,780; 5,951,966; 5,932,193;
5,932,191; and 5,876,701. These patents as well as the patents and
publications cited in these patents are incorporated herein by
reference for the purpose of disclosing and describing various
toothpaste compositions which can be used in connection with the
present invention.
[0058] Compounds of the invention can also be used in combination
with all types of mouthwashes. The various compounds including
specific peptides disclosed herein can be dissolved or dispersed
within a wide range of different compositions including the
mouthwash compositions disclosed and described within U.S. Pat.
Nos. 5,993,785; 5,817,295; 5,723,106; 5,707,610; 5,549,885;
5,470,561; 5,466,437; 5,455,023; 5,407,664; 5,328,682; and
5,256,401 all of which are incorporated herein by reference along
with the patents and publications cited therein in order to
disclose and describe various mouthwash compositions useful in
connection with the present invention.
[0059] Compounds of the invention can also be coated on or absorbed
into various types of filament materials used as dental flosses.
Specific examples of dental floss materials which can be used in
combination with the present invention include those disclosed and
described within U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,102,050; 6,080,481; 6,027,592;
6,026,829; 6,016,816; 5,967,155; 5,937,874; 5,915,392; 5,904,152;
5,875,797; and 5,845,652 all of which are incorporated herein by
reference along with the patents and publications cited therein in
order to disclose and describe dental floss filament materials
which can be used in combination with the present invention.
Specific Peptides
[0060] Specific examples of peptides of the invention comprise
seven to forty-seven amino acids on either side of the RGD sequence
of the naturally occurring sequence of matrix extracellular
phosphoglycoprotein. Thus, examples of peptides of the invention
comprising sequences taken from the following sequence and
including the RGD sequence shown in bold:
TABLE-US-00001 (SEQ ID NO:1)
DSQAQKSPVKSKSTHRIQHNIDYLKHLSKVKKIPSDFEGSGYTDLQERGD
NDISPFSGDGQPFKDIPGKGEATGPDLEGKDIQTGFAGPSEAESTHL
[0061] Specific examples of peptides of the invention which
comprise the RGD sequence as the terminal sequence include the
following:
TABLE-US-00002 (SEQ ID NO:2)
AQKSPVKSKSTHRIQHNIDYLKHLSKVKKIPSDFEGSGYTDLQERGD (SEQ ID NO:3)
RGDAQKSPVKSKSTHRIQHNIDYLKHLSKVKKIPSDFEGSGYTDLQE (SEQ ID NO:4)
DSQAQKSPVKSKSTHRIQHNIDYLKHLSKVKKIPSDFEGSGYTDRGD (SEQ ID NO:5)
RGDSPVKSKSTHRIQHNIDYLKHLSKVKKIPSDFEGSGYTDLQE (SEQ ID NO:6)
DSQAQKSPVKSKSTHRIQHNIDYLKHLSKVKKIPSDFEGSGRGD (SEQ ID NO:7)
RGDTHRIQHNIDYLKHLSKVKKIPSDFEGSGYTDLQE (SEQ ID NO:8)
DSQAQKSPVKSKSTHRIQHNIDYLKHLSKVKKIPSDFERGD (SEQ ID NO:9)
RGDLKHLSKVKKIPSDFEGSGYTDLQE (SEQ ID NO:10)
DSQAQKSPVKSKSTHRIQHNIDYLKHLSKVKKIPSRGD (SEQ ID NO:11)
RGDLSKVKKIPSDFEGSGYTDLQE (SEQ ID NO:12)
DSQAQKSPVKSKSTHRIQHNIDYLKHLSKRGD (SEQ ID NO:13)
RGDVKKIPSDFEGSGYTDLQE (SEQ ID NO:14) DSQAQKSPVKSKSTHRIQHNIDYLKRGD
(SEQ ID NO:15) RGDIPSDFEGSGYTDLQE (SEQ ID NO:16)
DSQAQKSPVKSKSTHRIQHNIDRGD (SEQ ID NO:17) RGDDFEGSGYTDLQE (SEQ ID
NO:18) DSQAQKSPVKSKSTHRRGD (SEQ ID NO:19) RGDGSGYTDLQE (SEQ ID
NO:20) DSQAQKSPVKRGD (SEQ ID NO:21) RGDGYTDLQE (SEQ ID NO:22)
DSQAQKSRGD (SEQ ID NO:23)
RGDNDISPFSGDGQPFKDIPGKGEATGPDLEGKDIQTGFA
[0062] Specific examples of the peptides of the invention which
comprise the RGD internally include the following:
TABLE-US-00003 (SEQ ID NO:24) NDI
RGDSPFSGDGQPFKDIPGKGEATGPDLEGKDIQTGFA (SEQ ID NO:25) NDISPF
RGDSGDGQPFKDIPGKGEATGPDLEGKDI (SEQ ID NO:26) NDISPFSGD
RGDGQPFKDIPGKGEATGPDL (SEQ ID NO:27)
FSGDGQPFKDIPGKGEATGPDLEGKDIQTGFAGPSEAES RGDTHL (SEQ ID NO:28)
IPGKGEATGPDLEGKDIQTGFAGPSE RGDAESTHL (SEQ ID NO:29)
EATGPDLEGKDIQTGFAG RGDPSEAESTHL (SEQ ID NO:30) NDISPFSGDGQPFKD
RGDIPGKGEATGPDLEGK (SEQ ID NO:31) GKGEATGPDLEGKDI
RGDQTGFAGPSEAESTHL (SEQ ID NO:32) FSGDGQPFKDIPGKGEATG
RGDPDLEGKDIQTGFAGPSEA (SEQ ID NO:33) DGQPFKDIPGKGEATG
RGDPDLEGKDIQTGF (SEQ ID NO:34) PFKDIPGKGEATG RGDPDLEGKDIQ (SEQ ID
NO:35) DIPGKGEATG RGDPDLEGKDIQTGFAGP (SEQ ID NO:36)
DGQPFKDIPGKGEATG RGDPDLEGKDIQTGF (SEQ ID NO:37) GKGEATG
RGDPDLEGKDIQTGFAGPSEA (SEQ ID NO:38) EATG RGDPDLEGKDIQTGF (SEQ ID
NO:39) EATG RGDPDLEGK (SEQ ID NO:40) EATG RGDPDL
[0063] All or any of the amino acids in the above sequences may be
in the D- or L-conformation and may be substituted with equivalent
analogs. The preferred embodiments comprise naturally occurring
amino acids in the L-conformation.
[0064] All or any of the above sequences may be amidated or
non-amidated on their C-terminus, or carboxylated or
non-carboxylated on their N-terminus.
[0065] Matrix extracellular phosphoglycoprotein was cloned and
characterized from a human tumor that caused osteomalacia in the
patients. This extremely rare type of tumor called Oncogenic
Hypophosphatemic Osteomalacia (OHO) tumor has been known to cause
renal phosphate leak, hypophosphatemia (low serum phosphate
levels), low serum calcitriol (1,25-vitamin D3), and abnormalities
in skeletal mineralization (Osteomalacia). In the patients of OHO
tumor, resection of the tumors results in remission of all of the
above symptoms and it has been proposed that a circulating
phosphaturic factor secreted from OHO tumor plays a role in
osteomalacia. Matrix extracellular phosphoglycoprotein was proposed
as a candidate of this phosphaturic factor phosphoglycoprotein
(Rowe et. al., Genomics (2000) 67:56-68).
[0066] Phosphate plays a central role in many of the basic
processes essential to the cell and the mineralization of skeleton.
In particular, skeletal mineralization is dependent on the
regulation of phosphate and calcium in the body and any
disturbances in phosphate-calcium homeostasis can have severe
repercussions on the integrity of bone. In the kidney, phosphate is
lost passively into the glomerular filtrate and is actively
reabsorbed via a sodium (Na+) dependent phosphate cotransporter. In
the intestine, phosphate is absorbed from foods. A sodium (Na+)
dependent phosphate cotransporter was found to be expressed in the
intestine and recently cloned (Hilfiker, PNAS 95(24) (1998),
14564-14569). The liver, skin and kidney are involved in the
conversion of vitamin D3 to its active metabolite, calcitriol,
which plays an active role in the maintenance of phosphate balance
and skeletal mineralization.
[0067] Vitamin D deficiency causes rickets in children and
osteomalacia in adults. Both conditions are characterized by
failure of calcification of osteoid, which is the matrix of
skeleton.
[0068] Thus, all of the humoral functions by matrix extracellular
phosphoglycoprotein, namely, renal phosphate leak, hypophosphatemia
(low serum phosphate levels), low serum calcitriol (1,25-vitamin
D3), are harmful to healthy skeletal formation.
[0069] Matrix extracellular phosphoglycoprotein is a large
polypeptide with 525 amino acid with short N-terminus signal
sequence. Therefore, it is highly probable that this molecule is
secreted from its producing cells into the body fluid and
circulation. Out of its 525 amino acid sequence, 23 amino acid
motif on the C-terminus showed high similarities to a group of
bone-tooth mineral matrix phosphoglycoproteins such as osteopontin
(OPN), dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), dentin matrix protein 1
(DMP1), and bone sialoprotein II (IBSP). It has been proposed that
these bone-tooth mineral matrix phosphoproteins may play important
roles in skeletal mineralization.
[0070] Notwithstanding the above observations about matrix
extracellular phosphoglycoprotein, smaller peptide sequence
containing integrin binding motif that is located within the amino
acid sequence and far from its C-terminus sequence with a high
degree of similarity to other bone-tooth mineral matrix
phosphoglycoproteins demonstrated a very potent skeletal formation
activity and increased the number of osteoblasts on such skeletal
formation surface. The potency of such activities was equivalent to
fibroblast growth factor (FGF). It was surprising in that small
motifs within a large protein which protein has destructive
functions on the skeleton demonstrated potent bone formation
activity, and that such motifs were located far from the sequence
which showed homology to other known bone-tooth matrix
proteins.
[0071] Another surprising fact was that potent skeletal formation
motifs of the invention contained an integrin binding motif, in
particular, RGD sequence. It has been reported that a synthetic
peptide containing the RGD sequence inhibited bone formation and
resorption in a mineralizing organ culture system of fetal rat
skeleton (Gronowicz et. al. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research
9(2):193-201 (1994)), that is a very similar experimental method
used to test the subject of the present invention.
[0072] Further, the skeletal formation activity provided by the
small peptides of the invention was as potent as that of an intact
growth factor such as FGF.
EXAMPLES
[0073] The following examples are put forth so as to provide those
of ordinary skill in the art with a complete disclosure and
description of how to make and use the present invention, and are
not intended to limit the scope of what the inventors regard as
their invention nor are they intended to represent that the
experiments below are all or the only experiments performed.
Efforts have been made to ensure accuracy with respect to numbers
used (e.g. amounts, temperature, etc.) but some experimental errors
and deviations should be accounted for. Unless indicated otherwise,
parts are parts by weight, molecular weight is weight average
molecular weight, temperature is in degrees Centigrade, and
pressure is at or near atmospheric.
Example 1
Synthesis of D-00001, Etc.
[0074] Six different peptides were manually synthesized by the
9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc) strategy and prepared in the
C-terminal amide form. The six peptides are as follows:
TABLE-US-00004 D-00001: IPSDFEGSGYTDLQE (SEQ ID NO:41) D-00002:
DFEGSGYTDLQERGD (SEQ ID NO:42) D-00003: YTDLQERGDNDISPF (SEQ ID
NO:43) D-00004: ERGDNDISPFSGDGQ (SEQ ID NO:44) D-00005:
NDISPFSGDGQPFKD (SEQ ID NO:45) D-00006: TDLQERGDNDISPFSGDGQPFKD
(SEQ ID NO:46) (C-terminus amidated)
Amino acid derivatives and resins were purchased from Bachem, Inc.,
Torrance, Calif., and Novabiochem, La Jolla, Calif. The respective
amino acids were condensed manually in a stepwise manner using
4-(2',4'-dimethoxyphenyl-Fmoc-aminomethyl)-phenoxy resin. N-methyl
pyrrolidone was used during the synthesis as a solvent. For
condensation, diisopropylcarbodiimide/N-hydroxybenzotriazole was
employed, and for deprotection of N.sup..alpha.-Fmoc groups, 20%
piperidine in N-methyl pyrrolidone was employed. The following side
chain protecting groups were used: Asn and Gln, trityl; Asp, Glu,
Ser, and Thr, t-butyl; Arg,
2,2,5,7,8-pentamethylchroman-6-sulfonyl; and Lys, t-butoxycarbonyl.
Resulting protected peptide resins were deprotected and cleaved
from the resin using a trifluoroacetic
acid-thioanisole-m-cresol-ethanedithiol-H.sub.2O (80:5:5:5:5, v/v)
at 20.degree. C. for 2 h. Resulting crude peptides were
precipitated and washed with ethyl ether then purified by
reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography (using Vydac
5C18 column and a gradient of water/acetonitrile containing 0.1%
trifluoroacetic acid). All peptides were obtained with 5-20% yield
(from the starting resin). Purity of the peptides was confined by
analytical high performance liquid chromatography. Identity of the
peptides was confirmed by a Sciex API IIIE triple quadrupole ion
spray mass spectrometer.
Example 2
Fetal Mouse Calvarial Assay
Reagents
[0075] FGF-1 was purchased from Peprotech Inc. (Rocky Hill, N.J.).
RGD-1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 (referred to here as D-00001, D-00002,
D-00003, D-00004, D-00005 and D-00006) were provided by Dr. Nomizu
(Hokkaido University, Japan).
Mice
[0076] Pregnant ICR mice were purchased from SLC Japan Co. Ltd.
(Shizuoka, Japan).
Mouse Calvarial Organ Culture
[0077] Mouse calvarial organ culture was performed as described in
Mundy G et al. Science 286: 1946-1949, 1999 and Traianedes K et al.
Endocrinology 139: 3178-3184, 1998. The calvaria from 4-days-old
mice were excised and cut in half along the sagittal suture. Each
half of the calvaria was placed on a stainless steel grid in a
12-well tissue culture dish (Asahi Glass Techno Corp., Funabashi,
Japan). Each well contained 1.5 ml of BGj medium (Sigma, St. Louis,
Mo.) supplemented with 0.1% bovine serum albumin (Sigma) and each
compound. FGF-1 was used as a positive control as described by
Mundy et al. The medium was changed at day 1 and 4, and the assay
was terminated at day 7.
Histomorphometrical Analysis
[0078] Calvaria was fixed with 10% neutral-buffered formalin,
decalcified with 4.13% EDTA and embedded in paraffin. 4
mm-thickness sections were made and stained with hematoxylin and
eosin. New bone area was measured using Image-Pro Plus (Media
Cybernetics, Silver Spring, Md.).
[0079] The six peptides of Example 1 were tested for their ability
to enhance bone growth with the tests being carried out as
described above in Example 2. The peptides which did not include
the RGD sequence did not show positive results. The other four
peptides showed positive results with the best results being
obtained with the sequences
TABLE-US-00005 D-00004: ERGDNDISPFSGDGQ, (SEQ ID NO:44) and
D-00006: TDLQERGDNDISPFSGDGQPFKD. (SEQ ID NO:46)
The best results are in FIG. 3 (specifically FIGS. 3C and 3D). Data
from these results are graphically shown in FIG. 4.
[0080] While the present invention has been described with
reference to the specific embodiments thereof, it should be
understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be
made and equivalents may be substituted without departing from the
true spirit and scope of the invention. In addition, many
modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation,
material, composition of matter, process, process step or steps, to
the objective, spirit and scope of the present invention. All such
modifications are intended to be within the scope of the claims
appended hereto.
Sequence CWU 1
1
46197PRTArtificial Sequencepeptide of dental product 1Asp Ser Gln
Ala Gln Lys Ser Pro Val Lys Ser Lys Ser Thr His Arg1 5 10 15Ile Gln
His Asn Ile Asp Tyr Leu Lys His Leu Ser Lys Val Lys Lys 20 25 30Ile
Pro Ser Asp Phe Glu Gly Ser Gly Tyr Thr Asp Leu Gln Glu Arg 35 40
45Gly Asp Asn Asp Ile Ser Pro Phe Ser Gly Asp Gly Gln Pro Phe Lys
50 55 60Asp Ile Pro Gly Lys Gly Glu Ala Thr Gly Pro Asp Leu Glu Gly
Lys65 70 75 80Asp Ile Gln Thr Gly Phe Ala Gly Pro Ser Glu Ala Glu
Ser Thr His 85 90 95Leu247PRTArtificial Sequencepeptide of dental
product 2Ala Gln Lys Ser Pro Val Lys Ser Lys Ser Thr His Arg Ile
Gln His1 5 10 15Asn Ile Asp Tyr Leu Lys His Leu Ser Lys Val Lys Lys
Ile Pro Ser 20 25 30Asp Phe Glu Gly Ser Gly Tyr Thr Asp Leu Gln Glu
Arg Gly Asp 35 40 45347PRTArtificial Sequencepeptide of dental
product 3Arg Gly Asp Ala Gln Lys Ser Pro Val Lys Ser Lys Ser Thr
His Arg1 5 10 15Ile Gln His Asn Ile Asp Tyr Leu Lys His Leu Ser Lys
Val Lys Lys 20 25 30Ile Pro Ser Asp Phe Glu Gly Ser Gly Tyr Thr Asp
Leu Gln Glu 35 40 45447PRTArtificial Sequencepeptide of dental
product 4Asp Ser Gln Ala Gln Lys Ser Pro Val Lys Ser Lys Ser Thr
His Arg1 5 10 15Ile Gln His Asn Ile Asp Tyr Leu Lys His Leu Ser Lys
Val Lys Lys 20 25 30Ile Pro Ser Asp Phe Glu Gly Ser Gly Tyr Thr Asp
Arg Gly Asp 35 40 45544PRTArtificial Sequencepeptide of dental
product 5Arg Gly Asp Ser Pro Val Lys Ser Lys Ser Thr His Arg Ile
Gln His1 5 10 15Asn Ile Asp Tyr Leu Lys His Leu Ser Lys Val Lys Lys
Ile Pro Ser 20 25 30Asp Phe Glu Gly Ser Gly Tyr Thr Asp Leu Gln Glu
35 40644PRTArtificial Sequencepeptide of dental product 6Asp Ser
Gln Ala Gln Lys Ser Pro Val Lys Ser Lys Ser Thr His Arg1 5 10 15Ile
Gln His Asn Ile Asp Tyr Leu Lys His Leu Ser Lys Val Lys Lys 20 25
30Ile Pro Ser Asp Phe Glu Gly Ser Gly Arg Gly Asp 35
40737PRTArtificial Sequencepeptide of dental product 7Arg Gly Asp
Thr His Arg Ile Gln His Asn Ile Asp Tyr Leu Lys His1 5 10 15Leu Ser
Lys Val Lys Lys Ile Pro Ser Asp Phe Glu Gly Ser Gly Tyr 20 25 30Thr
Asp Leu Gln Glu 35841PRTArtificial Sequencepeptide of dental
product 8Asp Ser Gln Ala Gln Lys Ser Pro Val Lys Ser Lys Ser Thr
His Arg1 5 10 15Ile Gln His Asn Ile Asp Tyr Leu Lys His Leu Ser Lys
Val Lys Lys 20 25 30Ile Pro Ser Asp Phe Glu Arg Gly Asp 35
40927PRTArtificial Sequencepeptide of dental product 9Arg Gly Asp
Leu Lys His Leu Ser Lys Val Lys Lys Ile Pro Ser Asp1 5 10 15Phe Glu
Gly Ser Gly Tyr Thr Asp Leu Gln Glu 20 251038PRTArtificial
Sequencepeptide of dental product 10Asp Ser Gln Ala Gln Lys Ser Pro
Val Lys Ser Lys Ser Thr His Arg1 5 10 15Ile Gln His Asn Ile Asp Tyr
Leu Lys His Leu Ser Lys Val Lys Lys 20 25 30Ile Pro Ser Arg Gly Asp
351124PRTArtificial Sequencepeptide of dental product 11Arg Gly Asp
Leu Ser Lys Val Lys Lys Ile Pro Ser Asp Phe Glu Gly1 5 10 15Ser Gly
Tyr Thr Asp Leu Gln Glu 201232PRTArtificial Sequencepeptide of
dental product 12Asp Ser Gln Ala Gln Lys Ser Pro Val Lys Ser Lys
Ser Thr His Arg1 5 10 15Ile Gln His Asn Ile Asp Tyr Leu Lys His Leu
Ser Lys Arg Gly Asp 20 25 301321PRTArtificial Sequencepeptide of
dental product 13Arg Gly Asp Val Lys Lys Ile Pro Ser Asp Phe Glu
Gly Ser Gly Tyr1 5 10 15Thr Asp Leu Gln Glu 201428PRTArtificial
Sequencepeptide of dental product 14Asp Ser Gln Ala Gln Lys Ser Pro
Val Lys Ser Lys Ser Thr His Arg1 5 10 15Ile Gln His Asn Ile Asp Tyr
Leu Lys Arg Gly Asp 20 251518PRTArtificial Sequencepeptide of
dental product 15Arg Gly Asp Ile Pro Ser Asp Phe Glu Gly Ser Gly
Tyr Thr Asp Leu1 5 10 15Gln Glu1625PRTArtificial Sequencepeptide of
dental product 16Asp Ser Gln Ala Gln Lys Ser Pro Val Lys Ser Lys
Ser Thr His Arg1 5 10 15Ile Gln His Asn Ile Asp Arg Gly Asp 20
251715PRTArtificial Sequencepeptide of dental product 17Arg Gly Asp
Asp Phe Glu Gly Ser Gly Tyr Thr Asp Leu Gln Glu1 5 10
151819PRTArtificial Sequencepeptide of dental product 18Asp Ser Gln
Ala Gln Lys Ser Pro Val Lys Ser Lys Ser Thr His Arg1 5 10 15Arg Gly
Asp1912PRTArtificial Sequencepeptide of dental product 19Arg Gly
Asp Gly Ser Gly Tyr Thr Asp Leu Gln Glu1 5 102013PRTArtificial
Sequencepeptide of dental product 20Asp Ser Gln Ala Gln Lys Ser Pro
Val Lys Arg Gly Asp1 5 102110PRTArtificial Sequencepeptide of
dental product 21Arg Gly Asp Gly Tyr Thr Asp Leu Gln Glu1 5
102210PRTArtificial Sequencepeptide of dental product 22Asp Ser Gln
Ala Gln Lys Ser Arg Gly Asp1 5 102340PRTArtificial Sequencepeptide
of dental product 23Arg Gly Asp Asn Asp Ile Ser Pro Phe Ser Gly Asp
Gly Gln Pro Phe1 5 10 15Lys Asp Ile Pro Gly Lys Gly Glu Ala Thr Gly
Pro Asp Leu Glu Gly 20 25 30Lys Asp Ile Gln Thr Gly Phe Ala 35
402440PRTArtificial Sequencepeptide of dental product 24Asn Asp Ile
Arg Gly Asp Ser Pro Phe Ser Gly Asp Gly Gln Pro Phe1 5 10 15Lys Asp
Ile Pro Gly Lys Gly Glu Ala Thr Gly Pro Asp Leu Glu Gly 20 25 30Lys
Asp Ile Gln Thr Gly Phe Ala 35 402535PRTArtificial Sequencepeptide
of dental product 25Asn Asp Ile Ser Pro Phe Arg Gly Asp Ser Gly Asp
Gly Gln Pro Phe1 5 10 15Lys Asp Ile Pro Gly Lys Gly Glu Ala Thr Gly
Pro Asp Leu Glu Gly 20 25 30Lys Asp Ile 352630PRTArtificial
Sequencepeptide of dental product 26Asn Asp Ile Ser Pro Phe Ser Gly
Asp Arg Gly Asp Gly Gln Pro Phe1 5 10 15Lys Asp Ile Pro Gly Lys Gly
Glu Ala Thr Gly Pro Asp Leu 20 25 302745PRTArtificial
Sequencepeptide of dental product 27Phe Ser Gly Asp Gly Gln Pro Phe
Lys Asp Ile Pro Gly Lys Gly Glu1 5 10 15Ala Thr Gly Pro Asp Leu Glu
Gly Lys Asp Ile Gln Thr Gly Phe Ala 20 25 30Gly Pro Ser Glu Ala Glu
Ser Arg Gly Asp Thr His Leu 35 40 452835PRTArtificial
Sequencepeptide of dental product 28Ile Pro Gly Lys Gly Glu Ala Thr
Gly Pro Asp Leu Glu Gly Lys Asp1 5 10 15Ile Gln Thr Gly Phe Ala Gly
Pro Ser Glu Arg Gly Asp Ala Glu Ser 20 25 30Thr His Leu
352930PRTArtificial Sequencepeptide of dental product 29Glu Ala Thr
Gly Pro Asp Leu Glu Gly Lys Asp Ile Gln Thr Gly Phe1 5 10 15Ala Gly
Arg Gly Asp Pro Ser Glu Ala Glu Ser Thr His Leu 20 25
303033PRTArtificial Sequencepeptide of dental product 30Asn Asp Ile
Ser Pro Phe Ser Gly Asp Gly Gln Pro Phe Lys Asp Arg1 5 10 15Gly Asp
Ile Pro Gly Lys Gly Glu Ala Thr Gly Pro Asp Leu Glu Gly 20 25
30Lys3133PRTArtificial Sequencepeptide of dental product 31Gly Lys
Gly Glu Ala Thr Gly Pro Asp Leu Glu Gly Lys Asp Ile Arg1 5 10 15Gly
Asp Gln Thr Gly Phe Ala Gly Pro Ser Glu Ala Glu Ser Thr His 20 25
30Leu3240PRTArtificial Sequencepeptide of dental product 32Phe Ser
Gly Asp Gly Gln Pro Phe Lys Asp Ile Pro Gly Lys Gly Glu1 5 10 15Ala
Thr Gly Arg Gly Asp Pro Asp Leu Glu Gly Lys Asp Ile Gln Thr 20 25
30Gly Phe Ala Gly Pro Ser Glu Ala 35 403331PRTArtificial
Sequencepeptide of dental product 33Asp Gly Gln Pro Phe Lys Asp Ile
Pro Gly Lys Gly Glu Ala Thr Gly1 5 10 15Arg Gly Asp Pro Asp Leu Glu
Gly Lys Asp Ile Gln Thr Gly Phe 20 25 303425PRTArtificial
Sequencepeptide of dental product 34Pro Phe Lys Asp Ile Pro Gly Lys
Gly Glu Ala Thr Gly Arg Gly Asp1 5 10 15Pro Asp Leu Glu Gly Lys Asp
Ile Gln 20 253528PRTArtificial Sequencepeptide of dental product
35Asp Ile Pro Gly Lys Gly Glu Ala Thr Gly Arg Gly Asp Pro Asp Leu1
5 10 15Glu Gly Lys Asp Ile Gln Thr Gly Phe Ala Gly Pro 20
253631PRTArtificial Sequencepeptide of dental product 36Asp Gly Gln
Pro Phe Lys Asp Ile Pro Gly Lys Gly Glu Ala Thr Gly1 5 10 15Arg Gly
Asp Pro Asp Leu Glu Gly Lys Asp Ile Gln Thr Gly Phe 20 25
303728PRTArtificial Sequencepeptide of dental product 37Gly Lys Gly
Glu Ala Thr Gly Arg Gly Asp Pro Asp Leu Glu Gly Lys1 5 10 15Asp Ile
Gln Thr Gly Phe Ala Gly Pro Ser Glu Ala 20 253819PRTArtificial
Sequencepeptide of dental product 38Glu Ala Thr Gly Arg Gly Asp Pro
Asp Leu Glu Gly Lys Asp Ile Gln1 5 10 15Thr Gly
Phe3913PRTArtificial Sequencepeptide of dental product 39Glu Ala
Thr Gly Arg Gly Asp Pro Asp Leu Glu Gly Lys1 5 104010PRTArtificial
Sequencepeptide of dental product 40Glu Ala Thr Gly Arg Gly Asp Pro
Asp Leu1 5 104115PRTArtificial SequenceD-00001 41Ile Pro Ser Asp
Phe Glu Gly Ser Gly Tyr Thr Asp Leu Gln Glu1 5 10
154215PRTArtificial SequenceD-00002 42Asp Phe Glu Gly Ser Gly Tyr
Thr Asp Leu Gln Glu Arg Gly Asp1 5 10 154315PRTArtificial
SequenceD-00003 43Tyr Thr Asp Leu Gln Glu Arg Gly Asp Asn Asp Ile
Ser Pro Phe1 5 10 154415PRTArtificial SequenceD-00004 44Glu Arg Gly
Asp Asn Asp Ile Ser Pro Phe Ser Gly Asp Gly Gln1 5 10
154515PRTArtificial SequenceD-00005 45Asn Asp Ile Ser Pro Phe Ser
Gly Asp Gly Gln Pro Phe Lys Asp1 5 10 154623PRTArtificial
SequenceD-00006 46Thr Asp Leu Gln Glu Arg Gly Asp Asn Asp Ile Ser
Pro Phe Ser Gly1 5 10 15Asp Gly Gln Pro Phe Lys Asp 20
* * * * *