U.S. patent application number 12/118147 was filed with the patent office on 2009-06-25 for water manifold system and method.
This patent application is currently assigned to LUBRIZOL ADVANCED MATERIALS, INC.. Invention is credited to Christopher P. Boyher, Scott L. Cuson, Carl M. Mahabir, Christopher D. Zook.
Application Number | 20090159134 12/118147 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 39643880 |
Filed Date | 2009-06-25 |
United States Patent
Application |
20090159134 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Boyher; Christopher P. ; et
al. |
June 25, 2009 |
Water Manifold System And Method
Abstract
A system for distributing water within a building operates to
distribute water from a pressurized water supply source to devices
that receive water, such as faucets, toilets, showers, sprinklers,
and hot water heating devices. The system includes at least one
manifold which may be of unitary molded plastic construction and
comprised of chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC). The manifold
includes an entry port and a plurality of outlet ports which are
also referred to as sockets. The sockets are configured to receive
fitting inserts of various types that include water line
connectors. The sockets are also configured to accept standard
plastic water conduits therein in cemented relation. The water line
connectors may include metallic connectors such as barbed fittings,
which can be used to connect the manifold and crosslinked
polyethylene (PEX) pipe in nonthreaded relation. Manifolds may be
connected together to provide suitable distribution
arrangements.
Inventors: |
Boyher; Christopher P.;
(Medina, OH) ; Cuson; Scott L.; (Litchfield,
OH) ; Mahabir; Carl M.; (Streetsboro, OH) ;
Zook; Christopher D.; (Akron, OH) |
Correspondence
Address: |
LEGAL DEPARTMENT;LUBRIZOL ADVANCED MATERIALS, INC
9911 BRECKSVILLE ROAD
CLEVELAND
OH
44141-3247
US
|
Assignee: |
LUBRIZOL ADVANCED MATERIALS,
INC.
Cleveland
OH
|
Family ID: |
39643880 |
Appl. No.: |
12/118147 |
Filed: |
May 9, 2008 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
60917328 |
May 11, 2007 |
|
|
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
137/15.01 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F16L 41/03 20130101;
Y10T 137/0402 20150401; E03C 1/023 20130101; Y10T 137/85938
20150401; F24D 3/1066 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
137/15.01 |
International
Class: |
E03B 1/00 20060101
E03B001/00 |
Claims
1. A method of making a water distribution system within a
building, comprising: a) operatively connecting a manifold and a
pressurized water supply, wherein the manifold comprises a unitary
molded body of plastic material including an entry port and a
plurality of sockets, wherein each socket is configured to accept a
fitting insert, and wherein the water supply is operatively
connected with the entry port and wherein each socket is in fluid
connection with the entry port through the manifold; b) installing
fitting inserts in a plurality of sockets of the manifold, wherein
each fitting insert includes a water line connector thereon,
wherein each fitting insert is inserted in a corresponding socket
and cemented in fixed relation relative to the manifold; c)
connecting a plurality of flexible water lines and the manifold,
wherein each water line is operatively connected through a
respective water line connector on a respective fitting insert,
wherein each flexible water line is configured to extend in
operative connection with at least one respective device that
receives water within the building.
2. The method according to claim 1 wherein each fitting insert
comprises a cylindrical plug portion, and wherein in (b) each plug
portion is cemented in a respective socket.
3. The method according to claim 2 wherein in (c) each of the
plurality of water lines is operatively connected to a respective
water line connector through a nonthreaded connection.
4. The method according to claim 3 wherein each water line
connector comprises a barbed connector, and wherein in (c) each
water line is connected to a respective barbed connector.
5. The method according to claim 3 wherein in (c) each of the
plurality of water lines is operatively connected to the manifold
without an intermediate valve.
6. The method according to claim 3 wherein in (c) each of the
flexible water lines is comprised of cross-linked polyethylene
(PEX).
7. The method according to claim 3 and further comprising: d)
installing a second fitting insert in a socket of the manifold
wherein the second fitting insert includes a second cylindrical
plug portion, wherein the second plug portion is inserted and
cemented in the second socket, wherein the second fitting insert
includes a shutoff valve and a second water line connector; e)
operatively connecting a second water line and the second fitting
insert through the second water line connector, wherein the second
water line is configured to operatively connect with at least one
second device that receives water within the building.
8. The method according to claim 7 wherein the second water line
connector comprises a nonthreaded connector, and wherein in (e) the
second water line is operatively connected with the nonthreaded
connector, and wherein the second water line comprises a flexible
water line that is configured to extend in operative connection
with the second device.
9. The method according to claim 7 and further comprising: f)
installing a third fitting insert in a socket of the manifold,
wherein the third fitting insert includes a third cylindrical plug
portion, and wherein the third plug portion is inserted and
cemented in the respective socket, wherein the third fitting insert
includes a third water line connector, wherein the third water line
connector includes a threaded connector; g) operatively connecting
a third water line and the third fitting insert through the third
water line connector, wherein the third water line is configured to
operatively connect to at least one third device that receives
water in the building.
10. The method according to claim 9 and further comprising: h)
installing a fourth water line in a socket of the manifold, wherein
the fourth water line is inserted in the respective socket and
cemented therein, wherein the fourth water line is configured to
operatively connect with at least one fourth device that receives
water in the building.
11. The method according to claim 3 and further comprising: d)
installing a second fitting insert in a socket of the manifold,
wherein the second fitting insert includes a second cylindrical
plug portion, and wherein the second plug portion is inserted and
cemented in the respective socket, wherein the second fitting
insert includes a second water line connector, and wherein the
second water line connector includes a threaded connector; e)
operatively connecting a second water line and the second fitting
insert through the second water line connector, wherein the second
water line is configured to operatively connect to at least one
second device that receives water in the building.
12. The method according to claim 3 and further comprising: d)
installing a second water line in a socket of the manifold, wherein
the second water line is inserted in the socket and cemented
therein, wherein the second water line is configured to operatively
connect with at least one second device that receives water in the
building.
13. The method according to claim 10 wherein the manifold further
includes an extension conduit portion, wherein the extension
conduit portion includes an extension opening, and further
comprising: i) attaching a fluid cap and the manifold, wherein the
fluid cap closes the extension opening.
14. The method according to claim 13, wherein in (i) attaching the
fluid cap includes cementing the fluid cap in engagement with the
manifold.
15. The method according to claim 10 wherein the manifold further
includes an extension conduit portion, wherein the extension
conduit portion includes an extension opening, and further
comprising: i) attaching a further manifold to the manifold,
wherein the further manifold includes a unitary molded body of
plastic material, and wherein the further manifold includes a
further entry port and a plurality of further sockets, wherein each
further socket is configured to accept a fitting insert therein,
wherein the extension conduit portion is extended in the further
entry port and cemented therein.
16. The method according to claim 15 wherein the sockets on the
manifold are axially aligned on the manifold, and in cross section
each of the sockets extends radially on the manifold in a first
direction, and wherein the further sockets on the further manifold
are axially aligned on the further manifold, and in cross section
each of the further sockets extends radially on the further
manifold in a second direction, and wherein in (i) the further
manifold is engaged with the manifold with the further sockets
extending in a direction that is angularly disposed relative to the
sockets on the manifold.
17. The method according to claim 15 and further comprising: j)
installing fitting inserts in a plurality of further sockets of the
further manifold, wherein each fitting insert includes a water line
connector thereon, and wherein each fitting insert is inserted in a
corresponding further socket and cemented therein.
18. The method according to claim 17 and further comprising: k)
connecting a plurality of further flexible water lines and the
further manifold, wherein each further water line is operatively
connected to a respective further water line connector on a
respective further fitting insert, wherein each further flexible
water line is configured to extend in operative connection with at
least one respective device that receives water within the
building.
19. The method according to claim 18 wherein each further water
line connector includes a nonthreaded connector, and wherein in (k)
each further water line is operatively connected with the further
manifold through a respective nonthreaded connector.
20. The method according to claim 19 wherein the further manifold
includes a further extension conduit portion, wherein the further
extension conduit portion includes a further extension opening, and
further comprising: l) connecting a fluid cap and the further
extension conduit portion, wherein the fluid cap closes the further
extension opening, including cementing the cap in fixed relation
relative to the manifold.
21. The method according to claim 19 wherein the further manifold
includes a further extension conduit portion, wherein the further
extension conduit portion includes a further extension opening, and
further comprising: l) engaging a pipe and the further extension
opening, wherein the pipe is extended in the further extension
opening and cemented in fixed relation with the further
manifold.
22. The method according to claim 20 wherein the manifold includes
a plurality of ribs, wherein the ribs extend on the manifold in an
area angularly disposed from the sockets, and wherein each of the
plurality of ribs terminates radially outward from the manifold in
a respective flat face, and further comprising: m) engaging the
manifold and a support, wherein at least one flat face of a rib is
positioned in abutting relation with the support.
23. The method according to claim 22 wherein each flat face extends
in a direction on the manifold generally opposed relative to a
socket, and wherein in (m) a plurality of flat faces are in
abutting relation with the support.
24. The method according to claim 14 and further comprising: j)
subsequent to (i), cutting the extension conduit portion to
separate the fluid cap from the manifold; k) subsequent to (j),
attaching a further manifold to the manifold, wherein the further
manifold comprises a unitary molded body comprised of plastic
material and includes a further entry port and a plurality of
further sockets, wherein each further socket is configured to
accept a fitting insert therein, wherein the extension conduit
portion is engaged with the further entry port and cemented
therein.
25. The method according to claim 23 wherein in (c) the at least
one device that receives water in the building comprises at least
one of a faucet, a toilet and a radiator.
26. The method according to claim 25 wherein the manifold and each
of the first, second and third plug portions is comprised of
chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC).
27. The method according to claim 1 wherein the manifold further
includes an extension conduit portion, wherein the extension
conduit portion includes an extension opening, and further
comprising: d) attaching a further manifold and the manifold,
wherein the further manifold includes a unitary molded body
comprised of plastic material, and wherein the further manifold
includes a further entry port and a plurality of further sockets,
wherein each further socket is configured to accept a fitting
insert therein, and wherein the extension conduit portion is
engaged in the further entry port and cemented in engagement
therewith.
28. The method according to claim 27 wherein the sockets on the
manifold are axially aligned on the manifold, and in cross section
each socket extends radially on the manifold in a first radial
direction, and wherein the further sockets on the further manifold
are axially aligned on the further manifold and in cross section
each further socket extends radially on the further manifold in a
second radial direction, and wherein in (d), the further manifold
is engaged with the manifold with the further sockets extending in
a direction angularly disposed relative to the sockets.
29. The method according to claim 26 and further comprising: e)
installing fitting inserts in a plurality of further sockets of the
further manifold, wherein each fitting insert includes a water line
connector thereon, and wherein each fitting insert is inserted in a
corresponding socket and cemented therein.
30. The method according to claim 1 wherein the plurality of
sockets are axially aligned on the manifold and in cross section
each socket extends radially relative to the manifold, and wherein
the manifold further includes a plurality of ribs, wherein the ribs
each extend radially outward on the manifold in a direction opposed
of the sockets, and further comprising; d) mounting the manifold in
engagement with a support, wherein a plurality of ribs engage the
support.
31. The method according to claim 1 wherein the manifold further
includes an extension conduit portion, wherein the extension
conduit portion includes an extension opening, and further
comprising: d) attaching a fluid cap and the manifold, wherein the
fluid cap fluidly closes the extension opening.
32. The method according to claim 31 and further comprising: e)
subsequent to (d), cutting the extension conduit portion to
separate the cap and the manifold; f) subsequent to (e), attaching
a further manifold and the manifold, wherein the further manifold
comprises a unitary molded body comprised of plastic material and
includes a further entry port, and a plurality of further sockets,
wherein each further socket is configured to accept a fitting
insert therein, wherein the extension conduit portion is engaged in
the further entry port and cemented therein.
33. The method according to claim 1 and further comprising: d)
extending each of the plurality of flexible water lines through at
least one of a wall and a floor of the building, without including
any threaded water line connections within the at least one wall
and floor.
34. The method according to claim 1 wherein in (c) the plurality of
flexible water lines are each comprised of crosslinked polyethylene
(PEX).
35. The method according to claim 1 wherein in (c) the at least one
device that receives water in the building includes at least one of
a faucet, a toilet, and a radiator.
36. The method according to claim 1 wherein the manifold is
comprised of CPVC, and wherein each fitting insert includes a
cylindrical plug portion comprised of CPVC, and wherein (b)
includes inserting the respective plug portion in a respective
socket and cementing the plug portion therein.
37. The method according to claim 36 wherein each of the plurality
of flexible water lines is comprised of crosslinked polyethylene
(PEX), and wherein each water line connector on a fitting insert
comprises a nonthreaded connector, and wherein in (c) each flexible
water line is operatively connected to the manifold through a
nonthreaded connector.
Description
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
[0001] This application claims benefit pursuant to 35 U.S.C.
.sctn.119(e) of Provisional Application 60/917,328 filed May 11,
2007, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference as if
fully rewritten herein.
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0002] This invention relates to water distribution systems and
methods for distributing water to devices within a building.
Exemplary embodiments relate to manifolds and systems which
distribute potable water, hot water for heating, or water based
fluids for other purposes, to multiple devices that receive water
or fluids within a building. More particularly, exemplary
embodiments relate to manifolds which are comprised of chlorinated
polyvinyl chloride (CPVC) and which are suitable for connection
though fitting inserts to multiple types of fluid conduits.
Exemplary fluid conduits may of the type joined using solvent
cement or other nonthreaded connections, and which are suitable for
enclosure within the confines of a wall or floor structure.
BACKGROUND ART
[0003] Proper and efficient distribution of water in buildings,
particularly residential and commercial buildings, is important in
modern society. Water is used in many areas of buildings for
diverse functions such as drinking, washing, waste removal, cooking
or other activities. In addition, many buildings rely on heated
water circulated through radiators to keep the rooms at a
comfortable temperature. In commercial buildings, water lines may
extend to multiple fixtures, such as sprinkler heads for fire
suppression. In some commercial buildings, water lines may extend
to fixtures used in emergencies, such as eye wash stations and
showers that are used by persons who have accidental exposure to
harmful chemicals.
[0004] Conventionally, pressurized water is distributed from a
source through main distribution lines and branch lines to each
device which receives water. This is generally done with copper
piping and fittings sweat-soldered in place. Alternatively, some
water distribution systems used in buildings include CPVC pipe and
fittings that can be solvent-cemented in operatively fixed
connection. Often, copper or CPVC systems are installed in ways
that are not readily expanded or reconfigured to accommodate
additional water lines or changes to the water distribution
system.
[0005] In recent years, molded polysulfone (PSU) and
polyphenylsulfone (PPSU) water manifolds have been manufactured to
provide branching points for the distribution of water within a
building. These types of manifolds are costly, and generally
complex. It is common for such manifolds to be made up of multiple
joined pieces that are sealed with O-rings or other sealing
devices. Further, such manifolds are generally connected to water
lines through threaded fittings or other threaded-type connectors.
In addition, such manifolds are permanently assembled at the
factory, and are not readily expanded or modified in the field. A
further drawback of such manifolds is that they are not compatible
with solvent cements which are commonly used in construction for
plastic pipe connections, particularly
acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer (ABS) piping or other
materials that are used for wastewater connections. In addition,
the threaded connectors used by such manifolds are generally not
suitable for enclosure within a wall or floor of a building
structure. This limits the areas and situations in which such
manifolds can be used.
OBJECTS OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS
[0006] Benefits may be achieved by providing manifolds and water
distribution systems which are less complex, which can be
configured to employ nonthreaded connections where required, are
easily installed in a building, and are more readily expanded as
the need may arise.
[0007] It is an object of exemplary embodiments to provide water
manifolds for use in water distribution systems within
buildings.
[0008] It is a further object of exemplary embodiments to provide
versatile water manifolds for use in systems that are modular and
suitable for in-place expansion and reconfiguration of water
distribution capabilities.
[0009] It is a further object of exemplary embodiments to provide a
water distribution system and method for expanding water
distribution capabilities.
[0010] It is a further object of exemplary embodiments to provide a
water distribution arrangement including water distribution
manifolds and lines employing nonthreaded connections, which can be
permanently enclosed within a wall or floor of a building
structure.
[0011] It is a further object of exemplary embodiments to provide
water manifolds that are usable with a variety of fluid
connectors.
[0012] It is a further object of exemplary embodiments to provide
water manifolds and systems for use with water based fluids.
[0013] It is a further object to provide manifolds which can be
used with fluids or gases, such as natural gas lines to deliver gas
to different locations within a building.
[0014] It is a further object of exemplary embodiments to provide
methods of making water distribution systems that are operative to
distribute water to devices that receive water within a
building.
[0015] Further objects of exemplary embodiments will be made
apparent in the following detailed description of exemplary
embodiments and the appended claims.
[0016] The foregoing objects are accomplished in an exemplary
embodiment by a water distribution arrangement that includes at
least one manifold comprised of a one-piece unitary molded
chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC) body. CPVC compositions are
the most preferred plastic for making the manifolds and fittings of
this invention because of CPVC's ability to handle both hot and
cold water and its ability to be solvent cemented to itself. CPVC
compositions comprise CPVC resin together with several other
additives, such as heat stabilizers, impact modifiers, process
aids, coloring pigments, and the like. The CPVC compositions
comprise at least 50 weight percent CPVC resin, preferably at least
65 weight percent, and more preferably at least 75 weight percent.
CPVC compositions are available commercially from several
suppliers, such as Lubrizol Advanced Materials, Inc., Kaneka and
Georgia Gulf. The most preferred CPVC composition is known as
TempRite.RTM. 88065-290 from Lubrizol Advanced Materials, Inc. For
low temperature applications, such as cold water, other plastics
could be used to make the manifold. Examples of these other
plastics are PVC and ABS, which are both solvent cementable, and
could be used in cold water applications. For purposes of this
disclosure, such a manifold is alternatively referred to as a
distributor. The exemplary manifold includes an internal chamber.
The chamber defines an interior volume or area of the manifold. In
an exemplary embodiment, the manifold extends linearly along an
axis. A liquid entry port is in fluid communication with the
interior volume, and is capable of being connected to a water
supply line or other source of pressurized water.
[0017] An exemplary manifold further includes at least two liquid
outlet ports, which are alternatively referred to herein as
sockets. Each socket is configured to have a fitting insert
positioned and cemented therein in fluid tight relation. In the
exemplary embodiment, fitting inserts may each have one of the
variety of connectors thereon, to which water distribution conduits
may be operatively connected. Such water distribution conduits may
be provided for distributing water from the manifold through the
conduits to devices which receive water within the building.
[0018] In an exemplary embodiment, the manifold further includes an
extension conduit portion. The extension conduit portion extends on
an axial end of the manifold opposite the entry port. The extension
conduit portion is in fluid communication with the interior area of
the manifold. The extension conduit portion includes an extension
opening thereon. The exemplary extension conduit portion is
configured so that it can be operatively connected with an entry
port of a similar further manifold. The further manifold may be
configured with the sockets thereon in aligned relation with the
sockets on the first manifold. Alternatively, the further manifold
may be connected so it is angularly disposed relative to the first
manifold, so that the sockets and the fluid connectors on the
further manifold are angularly disposed from those on the first
manifold. This can facilitate making more suitable conduit
connections to the further manifold.
[0019] In the exemplary embodiment, the extension conduit portion
on a manifold is configured so that when it is not to be connected
to a further manifold or other conduit, the extension portion may
be capped with a fluid cap. This may be done by cementing the cap
in place to fluidly close the extension opening. At a later time
when there is a need to expand or change the configuration of the
system, the cap may be separated from the manifold. After this is
done, there is sufficient remaining axial length of the extension
conduit portion so that a further manifold may be engaged
therewith. As a result, the water distribution system may be
expanded or modified so as to accommodate additional connections to
additional or different devices that receive water within the
building.
[0020] In the exemplary embodiment, each fitting insert includes a
plug portion. The plug portion is comprised of CPVC material and is
sized for insertion in a socket, wherein it can be cemented in
fixed fluid tight connection with the manifold. Further, in an
exemplary embodiment, each fitting insert includes a water line
connector which is adapted for connection to a suitable fitting or
other fluid conduit. In exemplary embodiments, the water line
connectors may include a metallic fitting, such as a machined
stainless steel or brass barbed fitting. Such fittings may be
suitable for connection to flexible conduits. These may include,
for example, crosslinked polyethlene (PEX) flexible conduits. Of
course, other types of rigid or flexible conduits may be used.
[0021] In other exemplary embodiments, fitting inserts may include
integral valve structures which enable selectively opening and
closing water flow into a connected conduit. Alternatively or in
addition, other fitting inserts may provide threaded connections to
fluid conduits. Further, in an exemplary embodiment, the sockets of
the manifold may be sized to accept therein standard size plastic
conduits, such as rigid CPVC pipe, in cemented, fluid tight
relation. Of course these approaches are exemplary, and other
embodiments may be used.
[0022] In further exemplary embodiments, a heating system for a
building may include an exemplary manifold substantially as
described above. The manifold may be connected to a supply of a
water based heat transfer fluid. For purposes of this disclosure,
water based fluids will be referred to as water. The manifold is in
fluid communication through appropriate conduits with devices that
receive the hot, heated water within the building, such as
radiators. Each radiator may have a liquid inlet and a liquid
outlet. Each liquid inlet of a radiator is connected to a conduit
that is operatively connected to the manifold. Further, the outlets
of such radiators may be connected through suitable manifolds or
otherwise to one or more collection chambers. Such collection
chambers may include a manifold having sockets and fitting inserts
so as to receive cooled water that is returned from the
radiators.
[0023] An exemplary embodiment of a manifold may be manufactured by
molding CPVC into a unitary generally closed structure which
defines an interior volume. A liquid entry port is provided to the
interior volume, and at least two outlet ports or sockets are in
operative fluid connection with the interior volume. In the
exemplary embodiment, the manifold is formed to include an
extension conduit portion which is axially disposed on the manifold
from the liquid entry port. Exemplary manifolds may include
extension conduit portions of the type previously discussed that
are capable of being connected to other devices or capped, and then
reopened and connected for purposes of expansion. Exemplary sockets
on the manifold are configured to accept fitting inserts in
cemented relation therein. Such fitting inserts may include inserts
of the type previously discussed that include a plug portion and a
connector. Such connectors may include barbs or other nonthreaded
connectors which are suitable for nonthreaded connections to
crosslinked polyethlene fluid conduits or other suitable conduits.
In some exemplary embodiments, the barbed connectors may be
comprised of metal such as brass or stainless steel, and conform to
ASTM F1807.
[0024] In further exemplary embodiments, a water distribution
system may be made by providing a manifold including a plurality of
fitting inserts in the manifold sockets. The fitting inserts may
include numerous types of water line connectors and devices. Such
fitting inserts may include valves, threaded connectors, or other
suitable connectors for connecting conduits to the manifold.
Further, exemplary embodiments may also have sockets sized for
accepting CPVC pipe of a standard size therein. Of course, in other
embodiments, other types of fittings and connectors known to those
skilled in the art may be used.
[0025] An exemplary embodiment of a method of making a system for
the distribution of water within a building includes providing a
molded unitary CPVC manifold of the type previously described. The
manifold is operatively connected to a pressurized water supply
through the entry port thereof. A plurality of fitting inserts are
inserted and cemented in the sockets of the manifold. The fitting
inserts of an exemplary embodiment may include water line
connectors of nonthreaded types. Such connectors may include barbed
connectors suitable for connection to PEX pipe through a
nonthreaded connection. The PEX pipe may be extended through walls,
floors, or other building structures. The PEX pipe extends in
operative fluid connection with devices that receive water within
the building. Such devices may include, for example, faucets,
dishwashers, showers, bathtubs, toilets, lawn sprinkler systems,
sprinkler heads, or other suitable device.
[0026] In exemplary embodiments, the manifold may be joined in
cemented relation to a further manifold, to which additional fluid
conduits may be connected. Exemplary manifolds may also include
suitable structures to facilitate mounting and support of the
manifold by a surrounding structure, such as metal or wood studs
commonly found in buildings. The exemplary manifold may be
connected to further manifolds or fluid conduits. Alternatively,
the manifold may be fluidly capped in the manner previously
described. In some exemplary systems, because a water distribution
system may be provided without threaded connectors in an area
adjacent to the manifold, the manifold and conduit connections
thereto may be enclosed within a wall or floor structure within the
building.
[0027] In some exemplary embodiments, the manifold may be
configured to facilitate the expansion or reconfiguration of the
water distribution system. This may be done in situations where the
manifold includes an extension conduit portion of sufficient length
so that the connection to a cap or other structure which originally
closes the extension opening may be changed. This may be done by
cutting the cap or other structure from the extension conduit
portion. The exemplary extension conduit portion is of sufficient
length so that even after a cap or other structure has been
separated, sufficient axial length of the extension conduit portion
remains so that the remaining extension conduit portion can be
joined in fluid tight relation to an entry port on a further
manifold, conduit or other suitable structure. Joining the existing
manifold to a further manifold may provide additional sockets to
which fitting inserts and additional fluid conduits may be
connected. This capability provides for the further expansion or
modification of the water distribution system. Further, such
expansion may be done using various types of fitting inserts and
connectors suitable for connection to various types of devices and
fluid conduits. As a result, fluid conduits may be extended to
additional devices that receive water within the building.
[0028] Of course, these approaches are exemplary and in other
embodiments, other approaches may be used.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0029] FIG. 1a is an exploded perspective view of an exemplary
embodiment of a manifold and a plurality of different types of
fitting inserts.
[0030] FIG. 1b is a perspective view of an exemplary embodiment
with a nonthreaded connector on a manifold.
[0031] FIG. 2a is an exploded perspective view of an exemplary
manifold including a fluid cap.
[0032] FIG. 2b is a cross sectional view of the manifold along line
2b-2b in FIG. 2a.
[0033] FIG. 3 is an exploded perspective view of an exemplary
manifold extension.
[0034] FIG. 4 is an exploded perspective view of an alternative
manifold and mounting structure.
[0035] FIG. 5 is a schematic elevation view of exemplary joined
manifolds and fluid conduits.
[0036] FIG. 6 is an exploded isometric view showing a fluid conduit
and cap.
[0037] FIG. 7 is a cross sectional view of an exemplary portion of
a manifold, showing a fluid entry port in cemented engagement with
a fluid conduit.
[0038] FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the further exemplary
embodiment of a water distribution system, configured for providing
water for heating an area within a building.
[0039] FIG. 9 is a top plan view of an alternative exemplary
manifold.
[0040] FIG. 10 is a cross sectional view of the manifold shown in
FIG. 9, taken along line 10-10.
[0041] FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of the manifold shown in
FIG. 9, taken along line 11-11.
[0042] FIG. 12 is a perspective view of the manifold shown in FIG.
9.
[0043] FIG. 13 is a top plan view of an alternative exemplary
manifold extension.
[0044] FIG. 14 is a perspective view of the manifold extension
shown in FIG. 13.
[0045] FIG. 15 is a top plan view of an alternative manifold of an
exemplary embodiment.
[0046] FIG. 16 is a sectional view of the manifold shown in FIG.
15, taken along 16-16.
[0047] FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional view of the manifold shown in
FIG. 15, taken along line 17-17.
[0048] FIG. 18 is an end view of the exemplary manifold shown in
FIG. 15.
[0049] FIG. 19 is an isometric view of a portion of an exemplary
water distribution system, showing two manifolds joined together so
that the fitting inserts extend outward at an angle relative to one
another.
[0050] FIG. 20 is an isometric view representing how an exemplary
manifold which has been closed with a fluid cap may have the cap
separated therefrom, and the water distribution system expanded by
engagement thereafter with a further manifold.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS
[0051] Referring now to the drawings, and particularly to FIG. 1a,
there is shown therein a perspective view of an exemplary manifold
system 10. In this exemplary embodiment, a manifold or distributor
12, is comprised of molded plastic material. In an exemplary
embodiment, the manifold is comprised of a unitary molded CPVC
manifold. Of course in other embodiments, other materials may be
used. The manifold bounds a chamber 11 which defines an interior
volume 13 of the manifold. The exemplary manifold further includes
an entry port 14 and a plurality of liquid outlet ports 16, which
are alternatively referred to herein as sockets. In an exemplary
embodiment, the entry port may be configured to accept a standard
copper tube size (CTS) outside diameter conduit therein. For
example, in an exemplary embodiment the entry port 14 may be
configured in the manner of a molded one inch CTS female
coupling.
[0052] In the exemplary embodiment, the sockets 16 may be sized to
accept standard CTS sized fluid conduits therein. In the exemplary
embodiment, the entry port and the sockets are adapted to have
fluid conduits inserted and engaged to the manifold in cemented
fluid tight relation. Of course this approach is exemplary, and in
other embodiments, other approaches may be used. Another approach
would be to have outlet port 16 sized to be a socket port or pipe
spigot port. The exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 1a shows outlet
port 16 being sized to accept the fitting insert 21 within the port
16. It is contemplated that the port 16 could also be sized such
that fitting insert 21 would fit over port 16. In this alternative
embodiment, port 16 would be a socket port or pipe spigot port. The
term "fitting insert" is intended to mean that the fitting insert
21 may fit inside port 16 or over port 16 such that port 16 is
cemented to the inside of fitting 21.
[0053] In an exemplary embodiment, the manifold 12 is of generally
cylindrical construction in cross section, and extends along a
central axis generally indicated 17. The entry port 14 is
positioned at a first axial end of the manifold. Further, in the
exemplary embodiment, an extension conduit portion 130 is disposed
at an axial end of the manifold disposed away from the liquid entry
port. As discussed later in detail, the extension conduit portion
of an exemplary embodiment includes an extension opening 131 to the
interior of the manifold.
[0054] In the exemplary embodiment, the sockets 16 are disposed
axially and in aligned relation on the manifold body. Also, the
sockets are configured to extend radially outward relative to the
axis. In the exemplary embodiment, all of the sockets 16 extend
outward in a common radial direction. This may be useful for
purposes later discussed, in terms of providing a common
orientation for fluid conduits that are attached to the manifold.
Of course this approach is exemplary, and in other embodiments,
other arrangements in which the sockets have different
configurations and orientations relative to one another on a given
manifold may be used. Further, in the exemplary embodiment each of
the sockets on the manifold are of the same size. In alternative
embodiments, different sized sockets may be provided on a single
manifold.
[0055] The exemplary manifold 12 may be suitable for use in a
system that distributes potable water within a building. For an
exemplary residential building, a manifold system may be required
that provides for twelve lines for delivering cold water to devices
that receive water in the building. As each exemplary manifold
includes four sockets, a suitable distributor providing twelve
connections for fluid conduits that carry cold water may be
provided by joining three such manifolds together. This may be
done, for example, by joining the extension conduit portion 130 and
a fluid entry port of a further manifold in engaged cemented
relation, such as, for example, as shown in FIG. 19. The joining of
three manifolds of the type shown in FIG. 1a can provide
connections for twelve such fluid conduits. Alternatively, a water
distribution system may include connecting manifolds in other ways
through suitable conduits. This may provide for connecting fluid
conduits to local manifolds at various convenient disposed
locations within the building.
[0056] Similar assemblies and arrangements of manifolds may be
provided for the distribution of hot water within the building. For
example, if a water distribution system requires eight fluid
conduits to deliver hot water, two manifolds of the type shown in
FIG. 1a may be joined together in cemented relation. Alternatively,
such manifolds may be fluidly connected through other piping so as
to provide connectors for fluid conduits at disposed locations
within the building.
[0057] As can be appreciated from FIG. 19, the exemplary manifolds
may be joined in ways that provide for the sockets to be linearly
aligned on each of the manifolds. This may facilitate connecting
fluid conduits thereto. For example, all the fluid conduits can
connect to the manifolds from a common direction. Alternatively,
the sockets on joined manifolds in cross section may be disposed
angularly relative one another. This may be done to facilitate
connecting to fluid conduits coming off the manifold in various
directions, as may be desirable for positioning the sockets so they
extend in the directions in which the fluid conduits run away from
the manifold in the building.
[0058] In some exemplary embodiments, the manifolds may have molded
thereon a plurality of positioning marks which are indicated 15 in
FIG. 19. In an exemplary embodiment, the positioning marks comprise
a plurality of marks that extend on an external surface of a
manifold. The positions of the marks are angularly disposed from
one another. In an exemplary embodiment, the positioning marks are
spaced at 90 degree intervals, and one of the positioning marks is
linearly aligned with the sockets. The positioning marks may be
used to facilitate assembling manifold components or other items in
a desired orientation, by aligning the positioning marks or other
features on adjacent manifolds. Of course these structures and
approaches are exemplary, and in other embodiments, other
approaches may be used.
[0059] In an exemplary embodiment, the manifold sockets are
configured to accept therein a plurality of different types of
fitting inserts. The fitting inserts may include connectors thereon
suitable for connection to a particular type of fluid conduit or
fitting to which the fitting insert is to be joined. FIG. 1a shows
a sample of a variety of such fitting inserts and conduits which
may be connected to an exemplary manifold. In the exemplary
embodiment, the sockets are comprised of a plurality of commonly
sized, slightly inwardly tapered, fluid ports. The fitting inserts
are adapted to be inserted therein and engaged with the manifold in
cemented fluid tight relation. For example, a fitting insert 18 may
include a shutoff valve which has attached thereto a nonthreaded
barb-type connector 20. The exemplary fitting insert 18 includes a
plug portion 19. The plug portion is configured to extend in any of
the sockets and be engaged therein in cemented relation. In the
exemplary embodiment, the plug portion is comprised of CPVC
material. This facilitates cemented engagement with the manifold.
The shut off valve may include a suitable flow controlling
structure such as a rotatable ball or other valve element. Of
course in other embodiments, other arrangements may be used.
[0060] A further fitting insert 21 includes a plug portion and a
fitting barb 20. Fitting insert 21 has a plug portion that is
configured to be inserted and cemented in any of the sockets on the
exemplary manifold. A further fitting insert 22 includes a threaded
water line connector thereon. Such a water line connector may be
suitable for connection to a mating threaded type fluid connector.
In exemplary embodiments, the barbs or threaded connectors may be
comprised of metal. This may include, for example, brass, copper or
stainless steel. Such water line connectors may be molded in
embedded connection with the CPVC plug portion. Of course this
approach is exemplary, and in other embodiments, other approaches
may be used.
[0061] Further in the exemplary embodiment, each of the sockets is
sized to accept a standard CTS size CPVC plastic fluid conduit
therein. This is represented by conduit segment or nipple 24, shown
in FIG. 1a. Such a conduit or pipe segment may be joined to the
manifold by being inserted and engaged in cemented relation with
the manifold. In the exemplary embodiment, each of the sockets on a
manifold may be engaged with the same type of fitting insert, or
alternatively each may be engaged with a different type of fitting
insert or fluid conduit.
[0062] In some embodiments, it may be particularly useful in making
a water distribution system for operation within a building to
employ nonthreaded connectors. Some embodiments may include
connectors with external clamps or crimp rings. Some nonthreaded
connectors may be of the barbed fitting type which are adapted to
conform with ASTM F1807. Such nonthreaded connectors may be
particularly useful for engaging crosslinked polyethlene (PEX)
fluid conduits. As such, the manifolds may be fluidly connected to
PEX conduits which can be extended to the various devices that
receive water within the building. Such PEX conduits may be
connected to the manifold and extended to such devices without the
need for threaded connectors within walls or floors of the
building. In this way, a water delivery system may be provided
which meets jurisdictional requirements for avoiding threaded
connectors within such walls or floors. Of course these approaches
are exemplary, and in other embodiments, other approaches may be
used.
[0063] In exemplary embodiments, the fitting inserts including
selected water line connectors are attached to the manifold by
inserting them in the sockets and securing them therein with
solvent cement or other type of adhesive. In some exemplary
embodiments, tetrahydrofuran-based solvent cements are
satisfactory. Solvent cements normally contain the same type of
polymer as is used in the fitting, with the polymer dissolved in
one or more solvents. Solvent cements for various plastics are
readily available from local hardware and plumbing supply stores.
Of course in other embodiments, other approaches may be used. In
addition, alternative embodiments may include having the manifold
formed with the connector molded directly therein, or as a part
thereof. This is represented by barbed connector 520, which is
shown in FIG. 1b. Thus, for example, when the type of water line
connector that will be employed in a given system is known in
advance, it may be possible in some embodiments to have the
particular connectors be included in the manifold at the time that
the manifold is manufactured. This approach may find particular
utility for systems of a given type where it is desired to avoid
threaded connections throughout the system. As a result, the
nonthreaded water line connectors on manifolds may be engaged with
a water lines such as PEX conduits in a manner that enables the
manifold to be permanently covered within the walls or floors of a
building. Likewise, avoiding threaded connectors in the water lines
that are operatively connected with the devices that receive water,
so as to avoid such threaded connectors within the walls or floors
of the building, facilitates the installation thereof.
[0064] It should also be understood that exemplary embodiments of a
water distribution system may be configured so as to minimize
costs. Such costs may be minimized by providing a fluid connection
between a manifold and a water line, such as a flexible PEX line.
Avoiding intermediate valving as well as threaded connections
between the manifold and the water line reduces material and
installation cost. Thus, for example, in some embodiments, a single
valve can be installed fluidly between the pressurized water supply
and the entry port of the manifold. Such a single valve may enable
shutting off the supply of water to a plurality of sockets and to
the devices that are operatively connected thereto. Further, the
devices that receive water within the building may include valves
or other suitable flow control devices adjacent thereto or thereon
for purposes of being able to shut off water selectively to the
particular device. As can be appreciated, in such arrangements
where a nonthreaded connection can be made at the manifold, a
generally continuous run of flexible PEX pipe can be extended to
the area adjacent to a particular device that receives water. This
provides for decreased cost, as well as reducing the risk of leaks
as the result of intermediate fitting joints and the like. Of
course these approaches are exemplary, and in other embodiments,
other approaches may be used. Further, although the components and
manifolds described herein may have connections indicated as entry
and outlet ports, in some exemplary systems, fluid flow may be in
opposite directions from those discussed herein.
[0065] Referring now to FIG. 2a, there is shown a perspective view
of an exemplary embodiment of a manifold system generally indicated
110. Manifold system 110 is comprised of a unitary molded CPVC
manifold or distributor 112. Manifold 112 of this embodiment is
generally similar to manifold 12 previously described. Manifold 112
bounds a chamber 111 which has an interior volume. An entry port
114 is positioned at a first axial end of the manifold. The
manifold further includes a plurality of liquid outlet ports 16
which in this exemplary embodiment are the same configuration as
the sockets previously described. Also, as indicated in FIG. 2a,
sockets 16 have been configured to accept therein fitting inserts
and water conduits of the type previously discussed.
[0066] Manifold 112 includes an extension conduit portion 130.
Extension conduit portion 130 is disposed at an opposed axial end
of the manifold from the entry port. The extension conduit portion
includes an extension opening 131 which is in fluid communication
with the interior area of the manifold. In the exemplary
embodiment, the extension conduit portion is configured so that it
can be accepted in an entry port of a further manifold, such has
been previously shown in connection with FIG. 19. Further, in some
exemplary embodiments, the extension conduit portion may be
configured to be accepted in an entry port of other fluid conduits
or manifolds, including manifolds and fittings of the type shown in
FIGS. 9 through 18. In this way, the extension conduit portion may
be attached to other water manifolds and conduits. Further, in
still other exemplary embodiments, the extension conduit portion
may be sized so as to accept a fluid conduit within the inside
diameter thereof. Thus, for example, a plastic pipe might be
inserted and cemented within the inside diameter of the opening in
the extension conduit portion. Of course all of these approaches
are exemplary.
[0067] In an exemplary embodiment, the extension conduit portion is
of sufficient axial length so that the extension opening 131 may be
closed through engagement with a fluid cap 132. In an exemplary
embodiment, a recess in the cap 132 has the extension conduit
portion inserted therein and secured in cemented relation. This has
the effect of generally permanently fluidly closing the extension
opening 131. Of course, as will be appreciated by those skilled in
the art, the extension conduit portion may have other
configurations including being molded so as to have a sealed end.
Alternatively, the extension conduit portion may be closed with
other types of members, for example, an extension plug 633 as shown
in FIG. 6.
[0068] In some exemplary embodiments, the manifold may be
configured to have the extension conduit portion be of sufficient
axial length so that even once a cap or plug has been permanently
installed thereon, it is still readily possible to modify the
manifold to accommodate further expansion of the water distribution
system. This might be done, for example, in the manner represented
in FIG. 20, by cutting or sawing the extension conduit portion so
as to separate the cap from the manifold. Thereafter, in the
exemplary embodiment, sufficient axial length of the extension
conduit portion still remains so as to enable the extension conduit
portion to be accepted within an entry port of a further manifold.
Thus, for example, if it is desirable to add additional devices
within a building after the original construction, additional
manifolds may be added by removing the closure structures from
existing manifolds and connecting additional manifolds or other
fluid conduit members to the water system. Such features may be
particularly useful when it is desired to have additional fixtures
such as faucets, toilets, showers, or other devices that receive
water, when adding on to residential or commercial
construction.
[0069] In some circumstances when a system is expanded, it may be
desired to add numerous additional water line connectors to the
existing system. In other circumstances, it may be necessary to add
only a single additional water line. This can be done, for example,
using the fitting structures shown in FIG. 3 or 13 and 14. The
fitting structure 210 shown in FIG. 3 includes a body which in the
exemplary embodiment is comprised of a unitary molded plastic
structure comprised of CPVC. The structure includes an entry port
214 and an extension conduit portion 130. The extension conduit
portion of this exemplary embodiment is sized to have sufficient
length so that a cap may installed in cemented relation thereon,
and later removed to provide a location for attaching a further
manifold. The exemplary fitting also includes a single socket 16
for providing a single additional water line connection thereto.
Thus for example, when it is desired to expand a water system so as
to include only one additional water conduit, fitting 210 may be
used.
[0070] Fitting 216 shown in FIGS. 13 and 14 is generally similar to
fitting 210. However, in this particular embodiment, the extension
conduit portion is somewhat shorter. A fitting of this type may be
used, for example, in situations where the fitting is being
connected to another conduit and there is unlikely to be any desire
or need to reconfigure the system at the location where fitting 216
is connected in the system. Of course, it should be understood that
these approaches are exemplary, and in other embodiments, other
approaches may be used.
[0071] It should further be understood that in exemplary
embodiments an extension conduit portion may be configured for
being inserted and cemented in an entry port of a further manifold
or conduit. This is represented in FIG. 7 by the extension conduit
portion 630, which is shown inserted within the internal diameter
of a conduit or manifold 614. Thus, for example, the area in which
the extension conduit portion 630 is accepted could comprise the
entry port of a further manifold. Also, in other exemplary
embodiments, the inside diameter of the extension conduit portion
may be sized so that a standard size plastic conduit may be
inserted and cemented therein. Thus, for example, if it were
desired to provide a step down from the extension conduit portion
to a smaller pipe size, the extension conduit portion could be so
configured. In addition, as can be appreciated, when the extension
conduit portion is of sufficient axial length to enable removal of
a cap or adjoining fitting therefrom, conduits that have been
extended into the internal diameter of the extension conduit
portion may also be separated by cutting or sawing so as to
separate the extension conduit portion and the existing external
conduit. In such cases, a further connection of the manifold may
then be made to a further manifold, either by inserting the
remaining extension conduit portion within the inside diameter of a
further manifold or fitting, or by inserting the further conduit
into the inside diameter of the remaining extension conduit
portion. Of course, it should be understood that these approaches
are exemplary, and in other embodiments, other approaches may be
used.
[0072] FIGS. 9 through 15 show further exemplary embodiments of
manifolds that may be used in exemplary water distribution systems.
Manifold 218 shown in FIGS. 9 through 12 includes an entry port 220
and an axially disposed extension conduit portion 222. A plurality
of axially aligned outlet ports or sockets 224 extend in the
manifold and are configured to accept fitting inserts of the types
previously described.
[0073] In this exemplary embodiment, manifold 218 includes a
plurality of ribs 226. Ribs 226 in this exemplary embodiment in
cross section extend radially outward on the manifold. Ribs 226 in
this exemplary embodiment are angularly disposed from the sockets
224, and in this configuration are radially directly opposed
therefrom. Each of ribs 226 terminates radially outward in a flat
face 228. Each flat face on the manifold extends in a common plane
230. The termination of the ribs at a common plane facilitates
supporting the manifold against a support such as a stud or beam
within a building. This may be done, for example, using suitable
clamping or other structures that hold the manifold with the ribs
in abutting relation with the support. In this exemplary
embodiment, the ribs are diametrically opposed of each of the
sockets, which helps to provide sufficient rigidity and resistance
to deformation when mounted so as to minimize the risk of the
manifold being deformed by clamping structures. Of course, it
should be understood that these approaches are exemplary, and in
other embodiments, other approaches may be used.
[0074] FIGS. 15 through 18 show a further exemplary manifold 232.
Manifold 232 includes a plurality of sockets 234. In the exemplary
embodiment, sockets 234 may be of similar size and configuration to
sockets 16 previously discussed. Of course, it should be understood
that in other embodiments, other approaches may be used.
[0075] In the exemplary embodiment of manifold 232, the manifold
includes female coupling ports 236 and 238 at each axial end of the
manifold. This enables the exemplary manifold 232 to accept a male
connection in inserted and cemented relation at each end thereof.
This may be done to facilitate various types of water distribution
systems as may be necessary within various types of building
structures.
[0076] Of course, it should be understood that the manifold and
fitting insert structure shown are exemplary, and in other
embodiments, other structures and configurations may be used.
However, it should be appreciated that these exemplary embodiments
include certain aspects which may prove beneficial. These include,
for example, the fact that the exemplary manifolds do not include
intermediate gaskets or other seal structures that may eventually
result in leak points. In addition, the exemplary embodiments are
configured so as to be usable in connection with nonthreaded
connections, which reduce the risk of leaks as well as reduce
costs. The ability to use suitable materials such as CPVC and
connections which are produced through the use of solvent cement
further facilitate rapid and inexpensive connection of conduits,
and minimize the risk of leakage. Further, the ability of the
exemplary embodiments to connect to numerous different types of
fluid conduit structures and devices, as well as the ability to
reconfigure the fluid conduit system, may prove beneficial. Of
course, it should be understood that these structures and benefits
are exemplary, and in other embodiments, other approaches may be
used.
[0077] FIG. 4 shows a perspective view of an alternative manifold
310 of an exemplary embodiment. This exemplary manifold has a body
312 comprised of molded unitary CVPC construction. The manifold has
a chamber 311 which defines an interior area or volume. The
manifold includes an entry port 314 and a plurality of outlet ports
comprised of sockets 16.
[0078] This exemplary manifold 312 further includes an extension
conduit portion 130. The extension conduit portion 130 is
configured so that it may be fluidly sealed, such as through
cemented engagement with a cap 132. In this exemplary embodiment,
the manifold 312 is molded so as to include substantially flat
outside surfaces which are alternatively referred to as walls 339.
This feature of this exemplary embodiment may provide advantages in
facilitating the mounting of the manifold structure in connection
with the common building structures. This may include, for example,
mounting the manifold to a flat surface of a wall or stud, as may
be found in many buildings. Such an assembly may prove more stable
in some embodiments for securing the manifold against such flat
surfaces. Also, as shown in FIG. 4, in some exemplary embodiments
integral mounting structures 340 may be included on or in
connection with the manifold so as to facilitate the securing of
the manifold structure to an adjacent clamp or other building
structure. Of course, it should be understood that these approaches
are exemplary, and in other embodiments, other approaches may be
used.
[0079] FIG. 5 shows a schematic view of a manifold system generally
indicated 410 of a further alternative embodiment. A first manifold
412 is shown mounted in supporting connection with a frame 440 such
as a wall stud or other supporting structure. The mounting can be
done through one or more supporting straps 434, which are fastened
into operative connection with the frame 440 with screws, nails or
other suitable fasteners.
[0080] Water distribution conduits 438 such as CPVC pipe or PEX
pipe are fluidly connected to the water line connectors on the
inserts which are installed in the sockets on the manifold. Such
inserts are generally indicated 416. The water distribution
conduits 438 extend in operative connection with devices that
receive water within the building. For example, in some embodiments
as previously discussed, the water conduits may each comprise a
flexible water line that extends in generally continuous relation
from the connector at the manifold, through the building structures
and into an area adjacent to the particular water receiving
device.
[0081] The supply conduit 436 provides an operative fluid
connection between the manifold system 410 and a source of
pressurized water. The source of pressurized water is therefore in
fluid connection with all the fluid conduits 438 that are connected
to manifold 412. Further, manifold 412 includes an extension
conduit portion 430. Extension conduit portion 430 is in operative
connection with an entry port 415 and a further fitting or manifold
413. As shown in FIG. 5, manifold 413 includes a further extension
conduit portion 437. Extension conduit portion 437 is shown closed
by cemented engagement with a cap 432. However, it should be
understood that in other embodiments the extension conduit portion
may be attached to a further manifold or other conduit
structure.
[0082] Manifold 413 further includes an outlet port 417. Outlet
port 417 in an exemplary embodiment is configured similar to the
sockets 16, previously discussed, and is operative to accept
therein a fitting insert or other suitable water distribution
conduit. As shown in FIG. 5, outlet port 417 is connected through a
generally rigid plastic pipe connection, whereas outlet ports and
fitting inserts 416 on manifold 412 are connected to flexible water
line conduits. Further, as represented in FIG. 5, at least some of
the water line conduits may include an intermediate valve 418
between the manifold and the conduit. Such valves may be integrated
with the fitting inserts or separate components. Likewise as
discussed, although generally nonthreaded connections have been
used for connecting the fluid conduits and the manifold, in other
embodiments threaded connectors and fittings may be used.
[0083] In the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 5, the fluid
conduits carry water to various devices within the building that
receive water. These may include, for example, faucets, toilets,
hot water tanks, showers, sprinkler heads, or other devices.
[0084] A further exemplary embodiment showing a water distribution
system which both delivers water to and receives water from devices
in a building is shown in FIG. 8. FIG. 8 schematically shows a
heating system 700 designed to provide a heat transfer fluid, such
as for example a water based heat transfer fluid, for circulation
within the system. The exemplary system includes one or more heat
exchangers which are alternatively referred to as radiators 702 and
704. A supply of hot fluid 706 such as a water heating device
provides pressurized hot water for delivery to a first manifold
710. The manifold 710 may be of a type previously described which
delivers the hot water into conduits 738 and 739. Conduits 738 and
739 may be connected through suitable fluid connectors of the types
previously described. Valving may also be included in connection
with the lines as schematically indicated in FIG. 8. Further, in
exemplary embodiments, the manifold 710 may include an extension
conduit portion of the types previously described and which is
indicated 730. The extension conduit portion as shown in FIG. 8 is
closed with a fluid cap 732 or other suitable structure.
[0085] In the system represented in FIG. 8, hot fluid that is
passed through radiators 702 and 704 is returned to a collector
manifold generally indicated 711. The returning fluid passes
through conduits 758 and 759. Collector 711 may be comprised of a
further manifold of the types previously described. The manifold
may also include an extension conduit portion schematically
indicated 731, which is closed by a fluid cap schematically
indicated 733. The cooled returning fluid in manifold 711 is then
returned to the heater 706, where it is again heated for cycling
through the system.
[0086] As can be appreciated, the use of manifolds of the type of
the exemplary embodiments shown herein facilitates the efficient
and fluid tight connection of the distribution and collection
conduits of the system. Further, the use of manifolds which provide
for fast and efficient assembly, help to provide economical
systems. Further, the ability to reconfigure and expand such
systems in the future also makes it more economical when building
expansion or renovation is done at a later date.
[0087] Thus, the features, structures, characteristics, and methods
associated with the embodiments previously described achieve
desirable results, eliminate difficulties encountered in the use of
prior devices, systems, and methods, solve problems, and may attain
one of more of the objectives described herein.
[0088] The manifolds described in this invention above can be
produced using an injection molding process. The injection molding
process is well understood by those skilled in the art and will not
be described in detail for the sake of brevidity. The process
involves heating plastic and injecting the plastic into a mold.
[0089] In the foregoing description, certain terms have been used
for brevity, clarity and understanding. However, no unnecessary
limitations are to be implied therefrom, because such terms are
used for descriptive purposes and are intended to be broadly
construed. Moreover, the descriptions and illustrations herein are
by way of examples, and the invention is not limited to the details
shown and described.
[0090] In the following claims, any feature described as a means
for performing a function shall be construed as encompassing any
means known to those skilled in the art to be capable of performing
the recited function, and shall not be deemed limited to the
structures shown herein or mere equivalent hereof.
[0091] Having described the features, discoveries and principles of
the invention, the manner in which it is constructed and operated,
and the advantages on useful results attained, the new and useful
structures, devices, elements, arrangements, parts, combinations,
systems, operations, methods and relationships are set forth in the
appended claims.
* * * * *