U.S. patent application number 11/957186 was filed with the patent office on 2009-06-18 for chewable animal toy.
This patent application is currently assigned to SUMMIT APPLIED TECHNOLOGIES, INC.. Invention is credited to Peter Robinson Brown, Bradley Ryan Vardy, Joel Clayton Yinger.
Application Number | 20090151649 11/957186 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 40751573 |
Filed Date | 2009-06-18 |
United States Patent
Application |
20090151649 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Vardy; Bradley Ryan ; et
al. |
June 18, 2009 |
CHEWABLE ANIMAL TOY
Abstract
A chewable animal toy having an edible core and a tearable outer
shell molded around the edible core such that a portion of the
edible core protrudes from the outer shell is provided. Further
provided is a mold unit for making the chewable animal toy having a
first mold half including a first mold cavity and a second mold
half having a second mold cavity. The second mold half is
engageable with the first mold half such that the first and second
mold cavities cooperatively define an outer shell mold cavity. A
first pocket is defined between the first and second mold halves
that is adapted to receive a first protruding portion of the edible
core. A first shut off defined within the first pocket is adapted
to surround the first protruding portion of the edible core such
that it is substantially isolated from the outer shell mold
cavity.
Inventors: |
Vardy; Bradley Ryan;
(Stanwood, WA) ; Yinger; Joel Clayton; (Mill
Creek, WA) ; Brown; Peter Robinson; (Sedro Woolley,
WA) |
Correspondence
Address: |
CHRISTENSEN, O'CONNOR, JOHNSON, KINDNESS, PLLC
1420 FIFTH AVENUE, SUITE 2800
SEATTLE
WA
98101-2347
US
|
Assignee: |
SUMMIT APPLIED TECHNOLOGIES,
INC.
Arlington
WA
|
Family ID: |
40751573 |
Appl. No.: |
11/957186 |
Filed: |
December 14, 2007 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
119/710 ;
119/709; 249/160; 426/512 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A23N 17/005 20130101;
A01K 15/026 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
119/710 ;
249/160; 426/512; 119/709 |
International
Class: |
A01K 29/00 20060101
A01K029/00; B28B 7/00 20060101 B28B007/00; A23P 1/10 20060101
A23P001/10 |
Claims
1. A chewable animal toy, comprising: (a) an edible core; and (b) a
tearable outer shell molded around the edible core such that a
portion of the edible core protrudes from the outer shell.
2. The chewable animal toy of claim 1, wherein the outer shell
comprises an elongate center section with relatively large first
and second ends.
3. The chewable animal toy of claim 2, wherein the edible core
protrudes from the first and second ends of the outer shell.
4. The chewable animal toy of claim 1, wherein the outer shell
includes a plurality of through-holes that expose a portion of the
edible core.
5. The chewable animal toy of claim 1, wherein an exterior portion
of the outer shell includes a plurality of protrusions formed
thereon.
6. The chewable animal toy of claim 1, wherein the outer shell is
made from a non-toxic thermoplastic material.
7. The chewable animal toy of claim 6, wherein the non-toxic
material is blended with a health additive that is released from
the outer shell when the outer shell is chewed on.
8. The chewable animal toy of claim 1, wherein the edible core is
raw hide.
9. A chewable dog toy, comprising: (a) an edible core; and (b) a
plastic outer shell molded around a portion of the edible core,
wherein at least a portion of the outer shell is removable from the
edible core when a dog chews on the outer shell.
10. The chewable dog toy of claim 9, wherein the outer shell
comprises an elongate center section with relatively large first
and second ends.
11. The chewable dog toy of claim 10, wherein the edible core
protrudes from the first and second ends of the outer shell.
12. The chewable dog toy of claim 9, wherein the outer shell
includes a plurality of through-holes that expose a portion of the
edible core.
13. The chewable dog toy of claim 9, wherein an exterior portion of
the outer shell includes a plurality of protrusions formed
thereon.
14. The chewable dog toy of claim 9, wherein the outer shell is
made from a non-toxic thermoplastic material.
15. The chewable animal toy of claim 14, wherein the non-toxic
material is blended with a health additive that is released from
the outer shell when a dog chews on the outer shell.
16. The chewable dog toy of claim 9, wherein the edible core is raw
hide.
17. A mold unit for making a chewable animal toy, the chewable
animal toy having an edible core and a plastic tearable outer shell
molded around the edible core such that a portion of the edible
core protrudes from the outer shell, the mold unit comprising: (a)
a first mold half having a first mold cavity; (b) a second mold
half having a second mold cavity, wherein the second mold half is
engageable with the first mold half such that the first and second
mold cavities cooperatively define an outer shell mold cavity; and
(c) a first pocket defined between the first and second mold halves
that is adapted to receive a first protruding portion of the edible
core; and (d) a first shut off defined within the first pocket, the
first shut off adapted to surround the first protruding portion of
the edible core such that the first protruding portion is
substantially isolated from the outer shell mold cavity.
18. The mold assembly of claim 17, further comprising a second
pocket defined between the first and second mold halves that is
adapted to receive a second protruding portion of the edible
core.
19. The mold assembly of claim 18, further comprising a second shut
off defined within the second pocket and adapted to surround the
second protruding portion of the edible core such that the second
protruding portion is substantially isolated from the outer shell
mold.
20. The mold assembly of claim 17, wherein the first shut off is
defined by first and second semi-circular closure elements that
surround and compress the edible core when the first mold half
engages the second mold half.
21. The mold assembly of claim 17, wherein the first shut off is
defined by a first crescent-shaped closure element that engages a
first substantially semi-circular closure element.
22. The mold assembly of claim 21, wherein the first
crescent-shaped closure element compresses the first protruding
portion of the edible core within the first substantially
semi-circular closure element when the first mold half engages the
second mold half.
23. A method for making a chewable animal toy, the chewable animal
toy having an edible core and a plastic tearable outer shell molded
around the edible core such that a portion of the edible core
protrudes from the outer shell, the method comprising: (a)
providing a mold unit having a first mold half with a first mold
cavity and a second mold half with a second mold cavity; (b)
positioning the edible core within the first mold cavity; (c)
isolating a first protruding portion of the edible core from the
first mold cavity; (c) engaging the first mold half with the second
mold half such that the first and second mold cavities
cooperatively define an outer shell mold cavity around a majority
of the edible core; (d) injecting material into the outer shell
mold cavity to form the outer shell around the edible core such
that the protruding portion of the edible core remains exposed.
24. The method of claim 23, wherein the mold unit includes a first
pocket defined between the first and second mold halves that is
adapted to receive the first protruding portion of the edible
core.
25. The method of claim 24, further comprising a first shut off
defined within the first pocket, the first shut off adapted to
surround and compress the first protruding portion of the edible
core such that the first protruding portion is substantially
isolated from the outer shell mold cavity.
Description
BACKGROUND
[0001] Many pet owners give their pet a toy or a treat to occupy
the pet and/or to alleviate pain from teething. This is especially
true for dogs. These toys or treats will often prevent the dog from
becoming bored or from damaging things such as furniture,
carpeting, walls, shoes, etc. However, most dog toys occupy the
dog's attention for only a short period of time. Many of the toys
are made from a durable material, such as vinyl or a hard nylon
polymer, that do not "give or break down," causing the average dog
to quickly become bored and lose interest in the toy. In addition,
many veterinarians maintain that these harder and more durable toys
pose an increased risk of chipped or broken teeth, as well as other
mouth injuries in the animal. Consumable dog treats normally keep
the dog interested because of the flavor; however, most treats are
consumed by the dog within a very short period of time. The present
disclosure provides an animal toy that is both durable and safe and
that entertains the animal for a substantial amount of time.
SUMMARY
[0002] A chewable animal toy having an edible core and a tearable
outer shell molded around the edible core such that a portion of
the edible core protrudes from the outer shell is provided. Further
provided is a mold unit for making the chewable animal toy having a
first mold half including a first mold cavity and a second mold
half having a second mold cavity. The second mold half is
engageable with the first mold half such that the first and second
mold cavities cooperatively define an outer shell mold cavity. A
first pocket is defined between the first and second mold halves
that is adapted to receive a first protruding portion of the edible
core. A first shut off defined within the first pocket is adapted
to surround the first protruding portion of the edible core such
that it is substantially isolated from the outer shell mold
cavity.
[0003] This summary is provided to introduce a selection of
concepts in a simplified form that are further described below in
the Detailed Description. This summary is not intended to identify
key features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to
be used as an aid in determining the scope of the claimed subject
matter.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0004] The foregoing aspects and many of the attendant advantages
of the present disclosure will become more readily appreciated by
reference to the following detailed description, when taken in
conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:
[0005] FIG. 1 is an isometric view of a representative embodiment
of a chewable animal toy constructed in accordance with the present
disclosure;
[0006] FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the chewable animal toy
of FIG. 1, taken substantially across lines 2-2;
[0007] FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the chewable animal toy
of FIG. 1, taken substantially across lines 3-3;
[0008] FIG. 4A is a partially exploded isometric view of a
representative embodiment of a mold unit for manufacturing the
chewable animal toy of FIG. 1;
[0009] FIG. 4B is an isometric view of the mold unit of FIG. 4A
shown receiving a portion of the chewable animal toy of FIG. 1;
[0010] FIG. 4C is an isometric view of the mold unit of FIG. 4A
shown with a portion of the chewable animal toy of FIG. 1 received
therein;
[0011] FIG. 4D is an isometric cutaway view of the mold unit of
FIG. 4A, wherein the mold unit is shown in the closed position with
a portion of the chewable animal toy of FIG. 1 received
therein;
[0012] FIG. 4E is an isometric view of the mold unit of FIG. 4A,
wherein the mold unit is shown having formed the chewable animal
toy of FIG. 1;
[0013] FIG. 5A is a cross-sectional view of an alternate embodiment
of a mold unit for manufacturing the chewable animal toy of FIG. 1,
wherein the mold unit is in the open position and receiving a
portion of the chewable animal toy of FIG. 1;
[0014] FIG. 5B is a cross-sectional view of the mold unit of FIG.
5A, wherein the mold unit is shown in the closed position with a
portion of the chewable animal toy of FIG. 1 received therein;
and
[0015] FIG. 5C is a cross-sectional view of the mold unit of FIG.
5A, wherein the mold unit is shown having formed the chewable
animal toy of FIG. 1.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0016] Referring to FIG. 1, a representative embodiment of a
chewable animal toy 10 is depicted. The chewable animal toy 10
includes an outer shell 12 overmolded around a portion of an edible
core 14. The outer shell 12 is preferably formed in the shape of a
dog bone, however, it should be appreciated that any other suitable
shape may instead be used if, for instance, the chewable toy 10 was
intended to be used for an animal other than a dog or for a
different breed of dogs. Thus, although the preferred embodiment of
the chewable animal toy 10 will be described hereinafter for use by
a dog, the chewable animal toy 10 may instead be used by any other
animal or different breeds of the same animal.
[0017] Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, the chewable animal toy 10 will
now be described in detail. The outer shell 12 of the chewable
animal toy 10 includes an elongated portion 16 and first and second
enlarged ends 18 and 20 that together form the shape of a dog bone
or another desired shape. A plurality of through-holes 30 and 32
may be formed in the elongated portion 16 or another portion of the
outer shell 12 to allow the edible core 14 to be at least somewhat
exposed for smelling or tasting a portion of the edible core 14.
The outer shell 12 may also include a plurality of ribs, bumps,
grooves, protrusions, channels, etc., formed on the exterior of the
outer shell 12 that may aid in cleaning the animal's teeth when the
animal chews on the outer shell 12.
[0018] The edible core 14 disposed within the outer shell 12 is any
suitable shape and size such that a portion of the edible core 14
also protrudes outwardly from the outer shell 12. Preferably, the
edible core 14 is elongated and substantially circular in
cross-section and extends along the length of the outer shell 12.
However, the edible core 14 is greater in length than the outer
shell 12 such that the edible core 14 protrudes outwardly from the
first and second ends 18 and 20 of the outer shell 12 to define
first and second protruding ends 22 and 26 of the edible core 14.
It should be appreciated that the edible core 14 may be any
suitable shape and size such that a majority of the edible core 14
is enclosed within the outer shell 12, and at least a portion of
the edible core 14 protrudes outwardly from the outer shell 12 or
is otherwise exposed, such as by the through-holes 30 and 32. The
first and second protruding ends 22 and 26 of the edible core 14 as
well as the portion of the edible core 14 exposed by the
through-holes 30 and 32 allow the animal to smell the edible core
14 within the outer shell 12 to motivate the animal to engage the
chewable toy 10.
[0019] Although any suitable materials may be used to form the
chewable animal toy 10, the outer shell 12 is made from a suitable
rigid or semi-rigid material that is sufficiently durable such that
animals are entertained for a substantial period of time when
chewing on the toy 10. Preferably, the outer shell 12 is formed
with a suitable thermoplastic material of a desired hardness and
durability, depending on the type and breed of animal for which the
chewable animal toy 10 is intended. The different materials could
include: thermoplastic elastomers (TPE), polyolefins
(polypropylene, and polyethylene), polyurethanes, and nylons.
Generally, the hardness of these resins would range from 40 shore A
to 90 shore A. In the preferred embodiment, the outer shell 12 is
formed with TPEs or TPE urethane blends with a hardness in the
range of 40-70 shore A. Preferably, the material is of a hardness
such that it has a high tear threshold so that the animal may not
tear through the outer shell 12 in a short amount of time, but
rather, the animal must chew on the outer shell 12 for a
significant amount of time in order to tear pieces of the outer
shell 12 and expose the edible core 14.
[0020] The outer shell 12 is formed with an FDA approved or other
non-toxic material. In this manner, the animal will not be harmed
in the event that a piece of the outer shell 12 breaks off and is
swallowed by the animal. The material for the outer shell 12 may be
blended with other materials or additives prior to the molding of
the outer shell 12, such as color concentrates, blowing agents, or
health additives. Certain additives may benefit the animal while it
is chewing on the outer shell 12, such as additives that kill
bacteria that cause bad breath or gum disease, fluorides that
strengthen teeth, or additives that control tarter buildup. Such
additives can be effectively compounded with the base resin of the
thermoplastic material such that it is released into the animal's
mouth when the toy 10 is chewed on.
[0021] The edible core 14 may be made from any suitable, edible
material that is appetizing to the animal using the chewable animal
toy 10. For instance, if a dog will be using the chewable animal
toy 10, the edible core 14 may be made from rawhide, compressed
food, or other treat-like substances.
[0022] Referring to FIGS. 4A-4E, a preferred method of
manufacturing the chewable toy 10 will now be described in detail;
however, it should be appreciated that any other suitable method
may instead be used. The chewable toy 10 is preferably made from a
well known molding process, such as injection molding. The process
includes the use of an injection molding machine, which may be any
suitable injection molding machine having an injection unit and a
mold unit. The injection unit (not shown) is designed to feed raw
material into the mold unit in any manner well known in the art.
Thus, for the sake of brevity, the injection unit will not be
hereinafter described in detail.
[0023] The mold unit 34 is adapted to mold the outer shell 12 over
a portion of the edible core 14. The mold unit 34 includes first
and second halves 36 and 38 having first and second mold cavities
40 and 42 formed therein. The first and second mold cavities 40 and
42 cooperatively define a mold for forming the outer shell 12 when
the first mold half 36 engages the second mold half 38 and are
secured together, i.e., when the mold unit 34 is in the "closed"
position (see FIG. 4D). The mold unit 34 is moved between open and
closed positions by a suitable clamp unit (not shown) that is well
known in the art.
[0024] The clamp unit moves the mold unit 34 between open and
closed positions by moving at least one of the first and second
mold halves 36 and 38 towards the other of the first and second
mold halves 36 and 38. Preferably, the first mold half 36 is
positioned next to the second mold half 38 such that at least one
of the first and second mold halves 36 and 38 is moved horizontally
toward the other mold half to secure the mold unit 34 in the closed
position. In the alternative, the first mold half 36 may be
positioned directly beneath the second mold half 38 such that at
least one of the first and second mold halves 36 and 38 is moved
vertically toward the other mold half to secure the mold unit 34 in
the closed position.
[0025] Referring to FIGS. 4A-4E, the first and second mold halves
36 and 38 are shown hingedly connected together such that the first
or second mold half 36 or 38 is moved about the hinge pivot to move
the mold unit 34 into a closed position. Although it is possible to
position the mold halves 36 and 38 as such, it is preferred that
the mold halves 36 and 38 are positioned so that the mold unit 34
may be closed by moving the mold halves 36 and 38 toward each other
in a vertical or horizontal fashion, as described above.
Accordingly, it should be appreciated that the position of the
first and second mold halves 36 and 38 shown in FIGS. 4A-4E is for
illustrative and descriptive purposes only, and should not be seen
as limiting the scope of the present disclosure.
[0026] The mold unit 34 includes first and second pockets formed on
each end of the outer shell mold for receiving the first and second
protruding ends 22 and 26 of the edible core 14 when the mold unit
34 is in the closed position. The first pocket formed at one end of
the mold unit 34 is defined by a first cavity 44 formed in the
first mold half 36 adjacent to the first mold cavity 40 and a
second cavity 46 formed in the second mold half 38 adjacent to the
second mold cavity 42. Similarly, the second pocket formed at the
opposite end of the outer shell mold is defined by a first cavity
48 formed in the first mold half 36 adjacent to the first mold
cavity 40 and a second cavity 50 formed in the second mold half 38
adjacent to the second mold cavity 42. The first and second pockets
provide an area for isolating the first and second protruding ends
22 and 26 of the edible core 14 from the injected material.
[0027] To aid in positioning the edible core 14 within the first
and second mold cavities 40 and 42, a first set of retaining pins
52 are formed within the first and second mold cavities 40 and 42
and extend from the center of the mold cavities 40 and 42. The
first set of retaining pins 52 retain the edible core 14 within the
mold unit 34 such that the edible core 14 is substantially centered
between the first and second mold cavities 40 and 42 when the mold
unit 34 is closed. A second and third set of retaining pins 54 and
58 are formed within the first mold cavity 40 to secure the edible
core 14 in its centered position within the first mold half 36 as
the mold unit 34 is being moved into the closed position.
[0028] The second set of retaining pins 54 are positioned near one
end of the mold cavity 40 and spaced from each other for receiving
one end of the edible core 14 therebetween. The third set of
retaining pins 58 are positioned near the other end of the mold
cavity 40 and spaced from each other for receiving the other end of
the edible core 14 therebetween. The second and third sets of
retaining pins 54 and 58 secure the edible core 14 in a
substantially centered position within the first mold cavity 40 as
the first and second mold halves 36 and 38 are moved towards each
other into the closed position. Thus, if the mold halves 36 and 38
are positioned such that they must move horizontally toward each
other, the edible core 14 does not fall out of the first mold
cavity 40.
[0029] In addition to positioning the edible core 14 within the
first and second mold cavities 40 and 42, the first set of
retaining pins 52 form the plurality of through-holes 30 within the
outer shell 12 during the molding process, and the second and third
sets of retaining pins 54 and 58 form the plurality of
through-holes 32 within the outer shell 12 during the molding
process.
[0030] The mold unit 34 includes first and second shut-offs for
preventing the first and second protruding ends 22 and 26 of the
edible core 14 from being covered by the injected material during
the molding process. The first shut-off is defined by a first
shut-off body 56a having a first semi-circular closure element 62a
formed in its upper end and a second shut-off body 56b (not shown)
having a second semi-circular closure element 62b formed in its
upper end. The first shut-off body 56a is received within a first
opening 66 formed in the first cavity 44 such that the first
semi-circular closure element 62a is positioned within the first
cavity 44 adjacent to the first mold cavity 40. The second shut-off
body 56b (not shown) is received within a second opening (not
shown) formed in the second cavity 46 such that the second
semi-circular closure element 62b is positioned within the second
cavity 46 adjacent to the second mold cavity 42. The first and
second shut-off bodies 56a and 56b are secured within the openings
in any suitable manner, such as by bolting a bottom portion of the
bodies 56a and 56b to an exterior portion of the mold unit 34. (See
FIGS. 5A-5C).
[0031] The first and second closure elements 62a and 62b are
adapted to surround and compress the first protruding end 22 of the
edible core 14 when the first and second halves 36 and 38 of the
mold unit 34 are clamped together. By surrounding the edible core
14 within the first and second closure elements 62a and 62b, the
first protruding end 22 of the edible core 14 is effectively
"sealed" or "shut" off to prevent injected material from passing
into the first pocket and covering the first protruding end 22. As
such, the first protruding end 22 remains exposed in the finished,
molded chewable toy 10, as shown in FIG. 4E. Moreover, by
compressing the uneven edible core 14, the first shut-off stops the
injected material in a precise location and prevent undesired edge
flash.
[0032] The second shut-off is similarly defined by first and second
shut-off bodies 60a and 60b (not shown) having first and second
semi-circular closure elements 64a and 64b formed in their upper
ends. The first shut-off body 60a is received within a first
opening 70 formed in the first cavity 48 such that the first
semi-circular closure element 64a is positioned within the first
cavity 48 adjacent to the first mold cavity 40. The second shut-off
body 60b is received within a second opening (not shown) formed in
the second cavity 50 such that the second semi-circular closure
element 64b is positioned within the second cavity 50 adjacent to
the second mold cavity 42. Similar to the first shut-off, the first
and second closure elements 64a and 64b of the second shut-off are
adapted to surround and compress the second protruding end 26 of
the edible core 14 to prevent the injected material from passing
into the second pocket and covering the second protruding end 26.
It will be appreciated that the mold unit 34 will further include
one or more ports (not shown) for receiving molten plastic into the
mold unit 34.
[0033] Referring to FIGS. 5A-5C, an alternate embodiment of a
shut-off for use with the mold unit 34 is depicted. The shut-off is
defined by a first shut-off body 156a having a crescent-shaped
closure element 160a formed therein and a second shut-off body 156b
having a crescent-receiving closure element 160b formed therein.
The crescent-shaped closure element 160a engages the
crescent-receiving closure element 160b when the first and second
halves 36 and 38 of the mold unit 34 are clamped together. The
crescent-shaped closure element 160a is smaller in width than the
crescent-receiving closure element 160b such that the
crescent-shaped closure element 160a is at least partially
receivable within the crescent-receiving closure element 160b. As
such, when the edible core 14 is positioned between the closure
elements 160a and 160b, the crescent-shaped closure element 160a
will compress the edible core 14 within the crescent-receiving
closure element 160 and prevent any injected material from covering
the first or second protruding end 22 or 26 of the edible core
14.
[0034] The chewable animal toy 10 may be given to animals such as
dogs to occupy the dog, as well as to provide health benefits to
the dog. Generally, the dog will become immediately engaged with
the chewable animal toy 10 after receiving its from its owner
because the dog can smell and taste the first and second protruding
ends 22 and 26 of the edible core 14. After chewing off the first
and second protruding ends 22 and 26, the dog will likely remain
engaged with the chewable toy 10 for several hours as it continues
to chew on the outer shell 12 to expose the edible core 14. The
plurality of through holes 30 and 32 formed in the outer shell 12,
as well as the exposed, first and second protruding ends 22 and 26
of the edible core 14, allows the dog to smell and partially taste
the edible core 14 disposed within the outer shell 12. The smell
keeps the dog engaged and motivates the dog to remove portions of
the outer shell 12. As the dog chews on the outer shell 12, the dog
removes pieces of the outer shell 12 to further expose the edible
core 14 for consumption. After the outer shell 12 has been
completely removed from the edible core 14, the dog may continue
playing and chewing on the remaining portions of the outer shell
12, as it would with a standard plastic chew toy.
[0035] The chewable animal toy 10 may be designed for a specific
animal or a specific breed of animal to provide the appropriate
level of difficulty for the animal when removing the outer shell
12. In this manner, the animal does not become bored or disengaged
easily. For instance, a chewable animal toy 10 designed for a
large, strong dog, such as a pit bull, may include a harder or more
durable outer shell 12 that is more difficult to remove, whereas a
chewable animal toy 10 for a smaller dog, such as a Chihuahua or a
Pomeranian, may include an outer shell 12 that is easier to remove.
Similarly, the edible core 14 of a chewable toy 10 for larger dogs
may be an edible substance that is more difficult to consume, such
as rawhide, wherein the edible core 14 for a chewable toy 10
designed for a smaller dog may be a substance that is easier to
consumer, such as compressed food. In this manner, the chewable
animal toy 10 provides the appropriate level of entertainment for a
variety of animals.
[0036] While illustrative embodiments have been illustrated and
described, it will be appreciated that various changes can be made
therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present
disclosure.
* * * * *