U.S. patent application number 11/985796 was filed with the patent office on 2009-05-21 for topical composition.
This patent application is currently assigned to Conopco, Inc., d/b/a Unilever, Conopco, Inc., d/b/a Unilever. Invention is credited to Alexander Lips, Teanoosh Moaddel, Pradeep Yadav.
Application Number | 20090130042 11/985796 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 40344849 |
Filed Date | 2009-05-21 |
United States Patent
Application |
20090130042 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Moaddel; Teanoosh ; et
al. |
May 21, 2009 |
Topical composition
Abstract
The invention is directed to a topical composition suitable to
control sweat. The composition comprises a low HLB lipid and a
silicone oil whereby the composition has at least one metastable
phase formed during topical application to the skin. The
composition does not interfere with thermoregulation of the body,
and yields a quantifiable cooling effect when applied.
Inventors: |
Moaddel; Teanoosh;
(Watertown, CT) ; Yadav; Pradeep; (Brooklyn,
NY) ; Lips; Alexander; (New Canaan, CT) |
Correspondence
Address: |
UNILEVER PATENT GROUP
800 SYLVAN AVENUE, AG West S. Wing
ENGLEWOOD CLIFFS
NJ
07632-3100
US
|
Assignee: |
Conopco, Inc., d/b/a
Unilever
|
Family ID: |
40344849 |
Appl. No.: |
11/985796 |
Filed: |
November 16, 2007 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
424/65 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61K 8/375 20130101;
A61K 8/0295 20130101; A61K 8/066 20130101; A61K 2800/244 20130101;
A61Q 15/00 20130101; A61K 8/342 20130101; A61K 8/891 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
424/65 |
International
Class: |
A61K 8/06 20060101
A61K008/06; A61Q 15/00 20060101 A61Q015/00 |
Claims
1. A composition comprising: (d) silicone oil; (e) lipid; and (f)
water wherein the composition is a flowable emulsion, the flowable
emulsion comprising multiple phases and further wherein at least
one metastable amphiphile phase is formed during topical
application to skin.
2. The composition according to claim 1 wherein the metastable
amphiphile phase is a microemulsion, a liquid crystal, a gel phase,
or a mixture thereof.
3. The composition according to claim 2 wherein the liquid crystal
comprises a lamellar liquid crystal, a hexagonal liquid crystal
and/or a cubic liquid crystal and the gel phase comprises a
lamellar gel phase.
4. The composition according to claim 1 wherein the composition
reduces the temperature of skin during application.
5. The composition according to claim 4 wherein the reduction of
skin temperature is from about 1 to about 2.degree. C. during
application.
6. The composition according to claim 1 wherein the composition
further comprises a fatty alcohol, fatty ester or both.
7. The composition according to claim 6 wherein the fatty alcohol
comprises isostearyl alcohol and the fatty ester comprises
isopropyl myristate.
8. The composition according to claim 1 wherein the composition is
substantially free of antiperspirants.
9. The composition according to claim 1 wherein the composition
after application is not water soluble and becomes less viscous
upon applying.
10. The composition according to claim 1 where in the composition
is opaque prior to applying to the skin and a gel or liquid during
application.
11. The composition according to claim 1 wherein the lipid has an
HLB of less than about 12.
12. The composition according to claim 11 wherein the lipid is
glyceryl monolaurate.
13. The composition according to claim 6 wherein water and/or
silicone oil evaporates from the composition after application to
form crystals suitable to absorb sweat and sebum, the crystals
comprising lipid, and fatty ester and/or fatty alcohol wherein the
crystals under go an endothermic transition to melt thereby cooling
skin.
14. The composition according to claim 1 wherein the silicone oil
is a cyclomethicone.
15. The composition according to claim 1 wherein the composition
further comprises oil control additives.
16. A method for cooling skin and controlling sweat on skin
comprising the steps of: (a) applying to skin a composition
comprising: (i) silicone oil; (ii) lipid; and (iii) water; and (b)
allowing the composition to dry on the skin wherein the composition
is a flowable emulsion, the flowable emulsion comprising multiple
phases and further wherein at least one metastable amphiphile phase
is formed during application to skin.
17. The method according to claim 16 wherein the metastable
amphiphile phase is a microemulsion, a liquid crystal, a gel phase
or a mixture thereof.
18. The method according to claim 16 wherein the composition
further comprises from about 3 to about 25% by weight silicone oil,
from about 3 to about 25% by weight lipid, and a fatty alcohol,
fatty ester or both.
19. The method according to claim 18 wherein the fatty alcohol is
isostearyl alcohol, the fatty ester is isopropyl myristate and the
fatty alcohol and/or fatty ester and lipid are present in the
composition at a weight ratio from about 1:6 to about 6:1.
20. The method according to claim 16 wherein skin cools from about
1 to about 2.degree. C. while applying the composition.
21. The method according to claim 18 wherein the composition after
application is not water soluble wherein water evaporates from the
composition after application to form crystals suitable to absorb
sweat and sebum.
Description
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0001] The present invention is directed to a topical composition
that is suitable to control sweat. More particularly, the present
invention is directed to a topical composition comprising a low HLB
lipid and a silicone oil whereby the composition has at least one
metastable amphiphile phase which is formed during topical
application. When formulated with a fatty alcohol, the topical
composition of this invention unexpectedly absorbs sweat and allows
the same to evaporate so that additional sweat or perspiration may
be absorbed by the composition. Moreover, the composition of the
present invention surprisingly controls sweat without interfering
with thermoregulation of the body, and yields a quantifiable
cooling effect as well as antimicrobial benefits.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] Treatment of sweat is commonly done in one of two ways. For
individuals with mild cases of sweating, effective treatment may be
achieved through the application of chemical antiperspirants. For
individuals with a more severe case of sweating (i.e.,
hyperhidrosis), iontophoretic treatment may be necessary, and such
treatment typically involves the electrical introduction of ions
into the skin to block the sweat pore.
[0003] When treating sweat, many consumers would prefer not to use
devices that involve electrical introduction of ions. Conventional
topical compositions, like antiperspirants, are generally
preferred, and however, such compositions are formulated to block
sweat in pores. The blocking of sweat in pores is often not a
preferred solution since pore blocking traps perspiration thereby
interfering with thermoregulation of the body.
[0004] It is of increasing interest to develop a means for
controlling sweat and cooling the body in a manner that does not
utilize electrical current and that does not block secretary glands
thereby preventing thermoregulation of the body. The present
invention, therefore, is directed to a topical composition suitable
to control sweat. The topical composition of this invention has at
least one metastable amphiphile phase which is formed when the
composition is being topically applied. The composition can
comprise a fatty alcohol, and unexpectedly absorb sweat and allows
for the evaporation of the same so that thermoregulation of the
body is not prevented. Moreover, the composition of the present
invention yields a quantifiable cooling effect as well as
antimicrobial benefits.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
[0005] Efforts have been disclosed for treating hyperhidrosis. In
WO 2007/046102, sweating disorders are treated with a
therapeutically effective amounts of oxybutynin, tolterodine or a
substituted benzamide.
[0006] Other efforts have been disclosed for treating sweat. In
U.S. Pat. No. 5,593,663, antiperspirant materials and compositions
are described.
[0007] Still other efforts have been disclosed for making
compositions for treating skin. In U.S. Patent Publication No.
2002/0028223 A1, anhydrous cosmetic compositions with a crosslinked
siloxane elastomer gel are described.
[0008] None of the additional information above describes a
composition that has at least one phase that is a metastable
amphiphile phase during application whereby the composition absorbs
sweat and allows for the evaporation of the same so that skin pores
are not occluded and body thermoregulation is not interfered
with.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0009] In a first aspect the present invention is directed to a
composition comprising: [0010] (a) silicone oil; [0011] (b) lipid;
and [0012] (c) water wherein the composition is a flowable
emulsion, the flowable emulsion comprising multiple phases and
further wherein at least one metastable amphiphile phase is formed
during topical application to skin.
[0013] In a second aspect, the present invention is directed to a
method for cooling skin and controlling sweat by topically applying
to the skin the composition described in the first aspect of this
invention.
[0014] Additional aspects of the present invention will more
readily become apparent from the description and examples which
follow.
[0015] Metastable amphiphile phase, as used herein, is meant to
mean a phase that comprises an amphiphile and that is forced, with
the preferred being the forced phase over the equilibrium phase.
Amphiphile is defined to mean having a polar head and a hydrophobic
tail wherein the same is meant to include a lipid like glyceryl
monolaurate. Microemulsion, as used herein, means an emulsion with
dispersed droplets of less than about 200 nm.
[0016] Cooling effect is meant to mean reducing the temperature of
skin, and preferably, from about 1 to about 2.degree. C. upon
application. The cooling effect is meant to include the effect that
results from water and/or silicone evaporation, as well as crystal
(e.g., formed by lipid and alcohol when used) melting within the
topical composition resulting from an endothermic transition. Less
viscous, as used herein is meant to mean a decrease in viscosity
(.DELTA.V) of about 5 to 10%, wherein the composition of the
present invention is less viscous when silicone and/or water begin
to evaporate therefrom when the composition is free of elastomer
and when the composition is being applied. Skin, as used herein, is
meant to mean skin on the face and body. The composition of this
invention can be a base composition or an end use composition and
the same may be sold in any consumable acceptable form such as an
encapsulated material for use in a bar, liquid, gel, stick, roll-on
formulation, cream, fabric applied formulation, mousse, lotion,
ointment, cosmetic or foundation. Flowable emulsion is meant to
mean an emulsion with a viscosity of less than about 175,000 cps at
ambient temperature as determined with a Brookfield LV Viscometer
(TC Spindle, 5 rpm, 30 sec.). Substantially free of antiperspirants
(i.e., astringent salts) means less than about 4.0%, and
preferably, less than about 0.02% by weight antiperspirant (e.g.,
aluminum chlorohydrate) in the topical composition, but most
preferably, no antiperspirant in the composition. Antimicrobial
effect means a bacterial reduction of at least about 0.3
log.sub.10. Liquid crystal, as used herein, means a substance that
exhibits a phase of matter that has properties between a
conventional liquid and a solid crystal. Gel phase, as used herein,
means a colloid in which the dispersed phase has combined with the
dispersion medium to produce a semisolid material. Lamellar liquid
crystals are the result of the stacking of bilayers. Hexagonal
liquid crystals are the result of cylindrical units stacking in a
hexagonally packed array, and cubic liquid crystals can be in the
form of packed spherical or cylindrical units or may be
bicontinuous in nature. Such liquid crystals are described in
greater detail in Laughlin, The Aqueous Phase Behaviour of
Surfactants, Academic Press, 1996; and Bicontinuous Liquid
Crystals, Surfactant Science Series, Vol. 127, Matthew L. Lynch,
Patrick T. Spicer. The term comprising, as used herein, is meant to
include consisting essentially of and consisting of.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
[0017] The only limitation with respect to the type of silicone oil
that may be used in this invention is that the same can be used in
a topical composition and is compatible with components that yield
a metastable amphiphilic phase upon application. Illustrative
non-limiting examples of the type of silicone oils that may be used
in this invention include those generally classified as volatile
cyclic silicones with a viscosity of less than about 10 centistokes
as determined with a Ubbelohde Viscometer at ambient temperature.
Suitable volatile silcones that may be used in this invention
include cyclomethicones like D.sub.5 (cyclopentasiloxane) as made
available by Dow Corning, as well as D.sub.4 and D.sub.6 silicones
(cyclobutasiloxane and cyclohexasiloxane, respectively) made
commercially available by suppliers like Shin-Etsu Silicones of
America, whereby such silicone oils may be used either alone or in
combination with each other. The preferred silicone oil that may be
used in this invention is D.sub.5.
[0018] The amount of silicone oil used in the topical composition
of this invention is typically from about 4 to about 35%, and
preferably, from about 5 to about 20%, and most preferably, from
about 10 to about 15% by weight, based on total weight of the
composition and including all ranges subsumed therein.
[0019] As to the lipid that may be used in this invention, the same
is limited only to the extent that it is suitable for use in a
topical composition that yields a metastable amphiphilic phase
during application. Desired lipids suitable for use in this
invention often have an HLB of less than about 12, and preferably,
less than about 8, and most preferably, less than about 6.
Preferred lipids suitable for use in this invention include
glyceryl monostearate, glyceryl monoisostearate, glyceryl
monomyristate, glyceryl monoleate, diglyceryl monoisostearate,
propylene of glycol monostearate, propylene glycol monoisostearate,
propylene glycol monocaprylate, sorbitan monoisostearate, sorbitan
monocaprylate, sorbitan monoisooleate, glyceryl monolaurate,
glyceryl monocaprylate, glyceryl monocaprate, mixtures thereof or
the like. In a preferred embodiment, the lipid used in this
invention is glyceryl monolaurate, made available by suppliers like
Fitz Chem Corporation under the name Monomuls.RTM. 90-L12.
[0020] Typically, the lipid makes up from about 4 to about 35%, and
preferably, from about 5 to about 20%, and most preferably, from
about 10 to about 15% by weight of the composition, based on total
weight of the composition and including all ranges subsumed
therein.
[0021] In a preferred embodiment, the topical composition of the
present invention further comprises an alcohol like a fatty alcohol
and/or an ester like a fatty ester. Illustrative non-limiting
examples of alcohols which may be used include behenyl alcohol,
isopropyl myristate, caprylic alcohol, cetearyl alcohol, coconut
alcohol, decyl alcohol, isocetyl alcohol, lauryl alcohol, oleyl
alcohol, palm kernel alcohol, isostearyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol,
cetyl alcohol, tallow alcohol, tridecyl alcohol, myristyl alcohol,
mixtures thereof, or the like. In a preferred embodiment, however,
the alcohol used comprises isostearyl alcohol. In a most preferred
embodiment, the alcohol is a C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl branched
isostearyl alcohol (e.g., methyl branched) made available by
suppliers like Uniqema under the name Prisorine 3515.
[0022] Illustrative fatty esters include isopropyl myristate,
isopropyl stearate, isopropyl oleate, isosonyl stearate or mixtures
thereof.
[0023] Typically, the amount of alcohol and/or ester used in the
topical composition of this invention is from about 1 to about 15,
and preferably, from about 2 to about 10, and most preferably from
about 2.5 to about 5% by weight, based on total weight of the
topical composition and including all ranges subsumed therein.
[0024] In an especially preferred embodiment, the weight ratio of
lipid to alcohol and/or ester is from about 6:1 to about 1:6, and
preferably, about 5:1 to about 1:5, and most preferably, from about
4:1 to about 1:4 where the weight ratio is based on total weight of
lipid and alcohol in the topical composition and including all
ratios subsumed therein.
[0025] In yet another preferred embodiment, and especially when a
silky and less draggy sensation is desired, elastomer may be used
in the topical compositions of this invention. When used, the
elastomer typically causes the composition to transform during
application from an opaque cream-like material to a gel.
[0026] The elastomer which may be used is typically one which may
be delivered (or carried) in the silicone oils described herein.
Such elastomers are often classified as non-emulsifying elastomers
having an average number (Mn) molecular weight in excess of 2,000,
preferably, in excess of 5,000, and most preferably, in the range
from about 10,000 to about 20 million, including all ranges
subsumed therein.
[0027] Often, the elastomers are formed from a divinyl compound
which has at least two free vinyl groups, reacting with Si--H
linkages of a polysiloxane backbone. Elastomer and oil compositions
are commercially available with Cyclomethicone and Vinyl
Dimethicone Methicone Cross Polymer, delivered as 20-35% elastomer
in a cyclomethicone carrier. A related elastomer and oil
composition with Crosslinked Stearyl Methyl Dimethyl Siloxane
Copolymer is available as Gransil SR-CYC (25-35% elastomer in a
cyclomethicone carrier) from Grant Industries, Inc., Elmwood Park,
N.J. The commercial products from, for example, Grant Industries
ordinarily are further processed by subjecting them to a high
pressure (approximately 5,000 psi) treatment in a Sonolator with
recycling in 10 to 60 passes. Sonolation achieves a resultant fluid
with elastomer average particle size ranging from 0.2 to 10 micron,
preferably 0.5 to 5 micron. Viscosity is preferred often when
ranging between 300 and 20,000 cps at 25.degree. C., as measured by
a Brookfield LV Viscometer (size 4 bar, 60 rpm, 15 sec). In an
especially preferred embodiment, a most desired non-emulsifying
elastomer is a cyclomethicone/dimethicone cross-polymer made
commercially available in silicon oil by suppliers like Dow
Chemical under the name DC9040 and DC9045, and Shin-Etsu under the
names KSG-14 and KSG-15 elastomer gels. Typically, elastomers can
make up to about 40% by weight of the total weight of the elastomer
and oil composition. The preferred elastomer and silicon oil
mixture is KSG-15 which has about 5-12% by weight
cyclomethicone/vinyl dimethicone cross-polymer in a cyclomethicone
carrier/oil.
[0028] Typically, however the amount of elastomer (not including
carrier oil), used in topical composition of this invention (when
elastomer is desired) is from about 0.05 to about 12%, and
preferably, from about 0.1 to about 8%, and most preferably, from
about 0.5 to about 6% by weight, based on total weight of the
topical composition and including all ranges subsumed therein.
[0029] Water makes up the balance of the topical composition of
this invention and often makes up at least about 50%, and
preferably, at least about 60%, and most preferably, from about 62
to about 80% by weight of the topical composition, including all
ranges subsumed therein.
[0030] As previously mentioned, the topical compositions described
herein may be base compositions or end use compositions. When base
(i.e., carrier) compositions, optional additives may be used.
[0031] Viscosity builders, for example can be utilized as an
optional portion of the topical compositions according to the
present invention. Viscosity builders include silicone gums,
crosslinked acrylates (e.g. Carbopol 982.RTM.),
hydrophobically-modified acrylates (e.g. Carbopol 1382.RTM.),
polyacrylamides (e.g. Sepigel 305.RTM.), acryloylmethylpropane
sulfonic acid/salt polymers and copolymers (e.g. Aristoflex
HMB.RTM. and AVC.RTM.), cellulosic derivatives and natural gums.
Among useful cellulosic derivatives are sodium
carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxypropyl methocellulose, hydroxypropyl
cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose and
hydroxymethyl cellulose. Natural gums suitable for the present
invention include guar, xanthan, sclerotium, carrageenan, pecin and
combinations of these gums. Amounts of the viscosity builder may
range from 0.0001 to 15%, usually from 0.001 to 10%, optimally from
0.01 to 5% by weight of the topical composition, including all
ranges subsumed therein.
[0032] Adjunct humectants may be employed in the present invention
if desired. These are generally polyhydric alcohol-type materials.
Typical polyhydric alcohols include glycerol, propylene glycol,
dipropylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, polyethylene glycol,
sorbitol, hydroxypropyl sorbitol, hexylene glycol, 1,3-butylene
glycol, isoprene glycol, 1,2,6-hexanetriol, ethoxylated glycerol,
propoxylated glycerol and mixtures thereof. The amount of adjunct
humectant may range anywhere from 0.5 to 50%, preferably between 1
and 15% by weight of the composition.
[0033] Surfactants, if desired, may also be present in topical
compositions of the present invention. Total concentration of the
surfactant when present may range from about 0.1 to about 35%,
preferably from about 1 to about 25%, optimally from about 1 to
about 20% by weight of the topical composition, and being highly
dependent upon the type of end use product. The surfactant may be
selected from the group consisting of anionic, nonionic, cationic
and amphoteric actives. Particularly preferred nonionic surfactants
are those with a C.sub.10-C.sub.20 fatty alcohol or acid hydrophobe
condensed with from 2 to 100 moles of ethylene oxide or propylene
oxide per mole of hydrophobe; C.sub.2-C.sub.10 alkyl phenols
condensed with from 2 to 20 moles of alkylene oxide; mono- and
di-fatty acid esters of ethylene glycol; fatty acid monoglyceride;
sorbitan, mono- and di- C.sub.8-C.sub.20 fatty acids; and
polyoxyethylene sorbitan as well as combinations thereof. Alkyl
polyglycosides and saccharide fatty amides (e.g. methyl
gluconamides) and trialkylamine oxides are also suitable nonionic
surfactants.
[0034] Preferred anionic surfactants include soap, alkyl ether
sulfates and sulfonates, alkyl sulfates and sulfonates,
alkylbenzene sulfonates, alkyl and dialkyl sulfosuccinates,
C.sub.8-C.sub.20 acyl isethionates, C.sub.8-C.sub.20 alkyl ether
phosphates, C.sub.8-C.sub.20 sarcosinates, C.sub.8-C.sub.20 acyl
lactylates, sulfoacetates and combinations thereof. An often most
preferred anionic surfactant is sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS).
[0035] Useful amphoteric surfactants include cocoamidopropyl
betaine, C.sub.12-C.sub.20 trialkyl betaines, sodium
lauroamphoacetate, and sodium laurodiamphoacetate.
[0036] Sunscreen agents may also be included in topical
compositions of the present invention. Particularly preferred are
such materials as ethylhexyl p-methoxycinnamate, available as
Parsol MCX.RTM., Avobenzene, available as Parsol 1789.RTM. and
benzophenone-3, also known as Oxybenzone. Inorganic sunscreen
actives may be employed such as microfine titanium dioxide and zinc
oxide. Amounts of the sunscreen agents when present may generally
range from 0.1 to 30%, preferably from 2 to 20%, optimally from 4
to 10% by weight of the topical composition.
[0037] Preservatives can desirably be incorporated into the topical
compositions of this invention to protect against the growth of
potentially harmful microorganisms. Particularly preferred
preservatives are phenoxyethanol, methyl paraben, propyl paraben,
imidazolidinyl urea, dimethyloldimethylhydantoin,
ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid salts (EDTA), sodium
dehydroacetate, methylchloroisothiazolinone, methylisothiazolinone,
iodopropynbutylcarbamate and benzyl alcohol. The preservatives
should be selected having regard for the use of the composition and
possible incompatibilities between the preservatives and other
ingredients. Preservatives, when desired, are preferably employed
in amounts ranging from 0.01% to 2% by weight of the
composition.
[0038] Topical compositions of the present invention may optionally
include vitamins. Illustrative vitamins are Vitamin A (retinol),
Vitamin B.sub.2, Vitamin B.sub.6, Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Folic Acid
and Biotin. Derivatives of the vitamins may also be employed. For
instance, Vitamin C derivatives include ascorbyl tetraisopalmitate,
magnesium ascorbyl phosphate and ascorbyl glycoside. Derivatives of
Vitamin E include tocopheryl acetate, tocopheryl palmitate and
tocopheryl linoleate. DL-panthenol and derivatives may also be
employed. Total amount of vitamins when present in compositions
according to the present invention may range from 0.001 to 10%,
preferably from 0.01% to 1%, optimally from 0.1 to 0.5% by weight
of the topical composition.
[0039] Another type of useful optional substance can be that of an
enzyme such as amylases, oxidases, proteases, lipases or
combinations. Particularly preferred is superoxide dismutase,
commercially available as Biocell SOD from the Brooks Company,
USA.
[0040] Skin lightening compounds may be included in the topical
compositions of the invention. Illustrative substances are
placental extract, lactic acid, niacinamide (Vitamin B.sub.3),
arbutin, kojic acid, ferulic acid, resorcinol and derivatives
including 4-substituted resorcinols and combinations thereof.
Amounts of these agents (when desired) niay range from about 0.1 to
about 10%, preferably from about 0.5 to about 6% by weight of the
topical composition.
[0041] Omega fatty acids may also be employed in the topical
composition of the present invention. Such acids include linoleic
acid, oleic acid, petroselinic acid, linolenic acid, linoleaidic
acid, elaidic acid, myristoleic acid, mixtures thereof, or the
like. In a preferred embodiment, the omega fatty acids employed
include conjugated linoleic acid and petroselinic acid. In a most
preferred embodiment, the omega fatty acid employed is conjugated
linoleic acid.
[0042] When used, omega fatty acid typically makes up from 0.01 to
about 15, and preferably, from about 0.5 to about 10, and most
preferably, from about 1 to about 7% by weight of the topical
composition, based on total weight of the topical composition and
including all ranges subsumed therein.
[0043] Desquamation promoters may be present. Illustrative are the
alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acids and beta-hydroxycarboxylic acids. The
term "acid" is meant to include not only the free acid but also
salts and C.sub.1-C.sub.30 alkyl or aryl esters thereof and
lactones generated from removal of water to form cyclic or linear
lactone structures. Representative acids are glycolic, lactic and
malic acids. Salicylic acid is representative of the
beta-hydroxycarboxylic acids. Amounts of these materials when
present may range from about 0.01 to about 15% by weight of the
topical composition.
[0044] A variety of herbal extracts may optionally be included in
compositions of this invention. The extracts may either be water
soluble or water-insoluble carried in a solvent which respectively
is hydrophilic or hydrophobic. Water and ethanol are the preferred
extract solvents. Illustrative extracts include those from green
tea, chamomile, licorice, aloe vera, grape seed, citrus unshui,
willow bark, sage, thyme and rosemary.
[0045] Also included may be such materials as lipoic acid,
retinoxytrimethylsilane (available from Clariant Corp. under the
Silcare 1M-75 trademark), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and
combinations thereof. Ceramides (including Ceramide 1, Ceramide 3,
Ceramide 3B and Ceramide 6) as well as pseudoceramides may also be
useful. Amounts of these materials (when their benefits are
desired) may range from about 0.000001 to about 10%, preferably
from about 0.0001 to about 1% by weight of the topical
composition.
[0046] Colorants, opacifiers and abrasives may also be included in
compositions of the present invention. Each of these substances, if
desired, may range from about 0.05 to about 5%, preferably between
0.1 and 3% by weight of the composition.
[0047] Oil control additives are often a preferred optional
additive that may be employed in the topical compositions of this
invention. Such oil control additives include spheroids like silica
modified ethylene/methacrylate copolymer microspheres, talc
modified ethylene/methacrylate copolymer microspheres, mixtures
thereof or the like.
[0048] Other examples of the types of spheroids suitable for use in
this invention include those comprising polyolefins like
polyethylene, polypropylene and/or polybutylene-based polymers,
polyamides (like nylon fibers), mixtures thereof or the like. Still
other spheroids suitable for use in this invention include those
comprising polyurethane, polystyrene, epoxy resins, urea resins,
silicone resins, mixtures thereof or the like.
[0049] In a preferred embodiment, the spheroids used in this
invention comprise polyethylenes, or are talc comprising particles
or mixtures thereof. The former are often sold under the names
Cerapure (made commercially available by Shamrock), Asensa (made
commercially available by Honeywell) and Miperon (made commercially
available by Mitsui Petrochemical Industries, Ltd.). Another
preferred polyethylene-based spheroid is sold under the name
CL-2080 (made commercially available by Kobo Industries). Other
preferred spheroids suitable for use in this invention include
nylons (e.g., nylon-12) sold under the name SP-10 which is made
commercially available by Kobo Industries. Still other preferred
spheroids suitable for use in this invention include those
comprising copolymers of ethylene and methacrylate that contain
silica or talc and sold under the names SPCAT-I2 and DSPCS-I2,
respectively, both of which are also made commercially available by
Kobo Industries. Other spheroids comprising polystyrenes and
polymethyl methacrylate (sold, for example, under the names
Ganzpearl GS-0605 and GME0380, respectively) and made available
from Presperse are also often preferred.
[0050] Even other spheroids suitable for use in this invention
include natural polymeric spheroids like those which comprise
starch and those which comprise silk, the former, for example, made
available from National Starch and Chemical and the latter, for
example, made available by Engelhard Corporation. Still other
natural polymeric spheroids suitable for use in this invention
include those natural polymeric spheroids comprising cellulose such
as Celluflow and Cellulo Beads, the former made commercially
available by Chisso Corporation and the latter made available by
Kobo Industries.
[0051] When selecting spheroids for use in this invention,
typically those often desired have an oil absorption number from
about 0.2 to about 15 g/g, and preferably, from about 0.2 to about
12 g/g, and most preferably, from about 0.9 to about 8 g/g,
including all ranges subsumed therein, where g/g means gram of
sebum absorbed per gram of spheroid at ambient temperature.
[0052] In a more preferred embodiment of this invention, the
spheroids employed make up from about 1 to about 15, and most
preferably, from about 5 to about 10% by weight of the topical
composition, based on total weight of the topical composition and
including all ranges subsumed therein. In another more preferred
embodiment, the spheroids have an approximate diameter from about 4
to about 40, and most preferably, from about 5 to about 35 microns,
including all ranges subsumed therein. Optionally, but often
preferably, the spheroids, when employed in this invention, are
used with thickening agents (i.e., inorganics) that are suitable to
thicken oil (i.e. sebum) at the temperature of the skin that the
skin care composition is applied to. Illustrative but non-limiting
examples of the types of thickening agents suitable for use in this
invention include bismuth oxychloride, mica, fumed silica,
micronized teflon, aluminum silicate, magnesium aluminum silicate,
bentonite, calcium silicate, chalk, clay (like kaolin and
laponite), hydrated silica zinc oxide, silica, talc, mica, titanium
dioxide, magnesium oxide, alumina, calcium carbonate, mixtures
thereof or the like. In a preferred embodiment, the thickening
agent, when employed, has an approximate diameter from about 0.5 to
about 3.5, more preferably, from about 0.7 to about 2.5, and most
preferably, from about 0.8 to about 1 micron, including all ranges
subsumed therein. Typically, the thickening agent makes up from
about 0.001 to about 10% by weight of the topical composition,
based on total weight of the topical composition and including all
ranges subsumed therein.
[0053] When making the topical composition of the present
invention, the desired ingredients are combined in no particular
order and heated to at least about 50.degree. C. at atmospheric
pressure and while stirring. Stirring should continue until a
homogeneous cream is made. Stirring is typically stopped when the
desired topical composition reaches about ambient temperature in
the absence of heating.
[0054] In a preferred embodiment, the topical composition of the
present invention consists essentially of silicone oil, alcohol,
lipid and water. In another preferred embodiment, the topical
composition of the present invention consists essentially of
silicone oil, lipid, oil control additive, water and elastomer.
[0055] When utilizing the compositions of the present invention,
the consumer is directed to apply the composition to the skin and
to leave the composition on the skin to realize all benefits. In a
preferred embodiment, the consumer is directed to use from about
0.75 to about 3.5 mg of topical composition for about every 2
cm.sup.2 of skin, including all ranges subsumed therein. In a most
preferred embodiment, the consumer is directed to use from about
1.5 to about 2.5 mg of topical composition for about every 2
cm.sup.2 of skin.
[0056] The topical composition of the present invention, when
applied, is suitable to reduce the temperature of the skin as
described herein. Without elastomer, the composition is typically
an opaque cream and becomes a liquid upon application.
[0057] Moreover, the topical composition of this invention absorbs
water and sebum (i.e., sweat) and the absorbed sweat has,
unexpectedly; a water activity of at least about 0.7, and
preferably, at least about 0.8, and most preferably, at least about
0.9 to about 0.99 within the topical composition.
[0058] The absorbed sweat within the topical composition of this
invention unexpectedly evaporates or circulates back into the
environment and does not occlude or block pores thereby keeping the
film of composition on the consumer active (e.g., suitable to
absorb more sweat). Such a film does not interfere with
thermoregulation since it remains active. Furthermore, the film of
composition on the skin of the consumer has an antimicrobial effect
notwithstanding the fact that the film cools the skin and remains
an active film suitable to absorb additional sweat.
[0059] The topical compositions of the present invention can be
incorporated into an insoluble substrate for application to the
skin such as in the form of a treated wipe.
[0060] A wide variety of packaging can be employed to store and
deliver the topical compositions described herein. Packaging is
often dependent upon the type of personal care end-use. For
instance, leave-on skin lotions and creams generally employ plastic
containers with an opening at a dispensing end covered by a
closure. Typical closures are screw-caps, non-aerosol pumps and
flip-top hinged lids. Packaging can include a roll-on ball on a
dispensing end. Alternatively, these types of topical compositions
may be delivered in a stick composition formulation in a container
with propel-repel mechanism where the stick moves on a platform
towards a dispensing orifice. All of the aforementioned are
considered potential packaging within context of the present
invention.
[0061] The Examples are provided to facilitate an understanding of
the present invention and they are not meant to limit the scope of
the claims.
EXAMPLE 1
[0062] Topical compositions (base) of the present invention were
made by blending the following components at about 50.degree. C.
The compositions were allowed to cool with mixing to about ambient
temperature prior to use.
TABLE-US-00001 Component Weight % Glyceryl monolaurate 10-15
Elastomer (8%) &silicone oil (KSG-15) 10-15 Isostearyl alcohol
2-5 Water Balance
[0063] Artificial sweat was prepared by mixing about 0.56 g KCL;
about 0.118 g NaCl; about 0.021 aluminum chloride; about 0.089 L(+)
lactic acid; about 0.054 L-methionine; about 0.005 mucic acid;
about 0.018 urea and water to balance.
[0064] The resulting homogenous topical composition (which was
opaque and cream-like) was applied onto a VWR microslide (1.5
in.times.1 in, 1 mm) using a 25 mm film applicator (Sheen
Instruments) having a 37 micron gap size.
[0065] The glass slide with the 37 micron thick film of composition
was mounted onto a Leitz Laborlux 12 Pol S optical microscope
fitted with cross-polarizers and a Linkam heating stage set at
about 35.degree. C.
[0066] The product film was allowed to dry at which point visible
crystals and oil were observed. One drop of artificial sweat was
applied to the dry film of composition. It was immediately observed
that the crystals in the dry product film readily converted to
liquid crystals (e.g., mixture of cubic and hexagonal liquid
crystal) upon contact of film with artificial sweat. This
conversion of crystal to liquid crystal upon contact with sweat
illustrates the water binding capacity of the topical composition
of this invention.
[0067] Sweat/water in the film was subsequently allowed to
evaporate from the product film which demonstrated the regeneration
of the crystal as observed through the optical microscope fitted
with cross-polarizers. Another drop of artificial sweat was then
re-applied after which the conversion of the film back to a liquid
crystal was observed. The results indicate that the topical
composition made according to this invention remains active and is
suitable to continuously absorb water after water evaporates from
the same.
[0068] A group of skilled panelists applied the topical
compositions made in this example to evaluate the cooling
perception of the composition. About 70% of the panelists perceived
a cooling perception on application. This perceived cooling effect
was then confirmed by monitoring the skin surface temperature using
a thermal camera (made available by Fluke.RTM. Thermal Cameras),
after application of about 2.5 mg/cm.sup.2 of topical composition
to the forearm of the panelists. Observed was a reduction in
temperature of about 2.degree. C.
EXAMPLE 2
[0069] A topical composition (base) and a control composition were
made in a manner consistent with the procedure described in Example
1. Composition (I) was made consistent with this invention and
comprises glycerol monolaurate. Composition (II) is the control and
employs surfactant in lieu of glycerol monolaurate.
I. Topical Composition (Base)
TABLE-US-00002 [0070] Component wt % g Water 69.75 20.925 Glycerol
monolaurate 13 3.9 Isostearyl alcohol 3.25 0.975 KSG-15 silicone
elastomer 14 4.2 (8%)
II. Topical Composition (Control)
TABLE-US-00003 [0071] Component wt % g Water 78.37 20.925
Isostearyl alcohol 3.65 0.975 KSG-15 silicone elastomer 15.73 4.2
(8%) Octyl phenolethoxylate 2.25 0.6 Surfactant (Dow)
Commercially available silicone sheets were cut into 4.times.4 cm
sections and placed on Tryptic Soy Agar (TSA) plates. The
composition made according to this invention and the control (2
mg/cm.sup.2, total of 32 mg) were applied to separate silicone
sheets and rubbed over the surface with a gloved finger. An
untreated section served as an organism control. The treated and
untreated sections were incubated for 10 minutes (30.degree. C.),
after which 0.1 ml of test organism was applied to the silicone and
spread over the surface. The sections were incubated for 30 more
minutes at 30.degree. C. After incubation, the sections were
carefully placed into 10 ml of Letheen broth (comprising
neutralizers) and vortexed on high for 1 minute. This broth was
serially diluted 10-fold in Letheen broth, and 1 ml aliquots were
spread-plated across the surface of 3 Letheen agar plates. The
plates were incubated for .about.27 hours at 32.degree. C. and
counted using a Quebec colony counter. Staphylococcus aureus was
the bacteria used. The results indicated that the composition made
according to this invention had a bacteria reduction of at least
0.3 log.sub.10 greater than the control, in addition to the fact
that the composition is one which results in a film that cools and
is suitable to control sweat without interfering with
thermoregulation of the body.
* * * * *