Ring Rolling From Metal Blanks

Abstract

A method of rolling a ring from a metal blank comprises mounting the blank (2) on a mandrel (4) between two forming rolls (6) located on opposite sides of the mandrel axis. A pair of lower growth control rolls (12) are located below and with their axes parallel to and on opposite sides of the mandrel axis (8), and a pair of upper growth control rolls (16) are arranged above and with their axes parallel and on opposite sides of the mandrel axis (8). The spacing between the pair of upper growth control rolls is different from that between the pair of lower growth control rolls. As the ring is rolled, both the forming rolls and the growth control rolls are engaged with it. In a modification of the method, the upper growth control rolls are replaced by a single roll (20) with its axis disposed directly over the mandrel axis.

Description

[0001] This invention relates to the ring rolling of metal blanks. The blanks are typically of standard steels such as wrought steels, but could comprise other metals or alloys. They can be rolled to form rings having many uses, particularly bearing components. The invention may also be applied to powder metal blanks.

[0002] In rolling processes of the kind described above, the metal blank is mounted on a mandrel located between two forming rolls either side of the mandrel axis. Growth control rolls are disposed above and below the mandrel axis to engage the blank as it turns between the forming rolls. Four growth roll controls are used; one directly above another between the mandrel axis and each forming roll. This process has produced good results with very good quality roundness in the final product. However, the process does generate lobes. The present invention seeks to further reduce the generation of lobes, and thereby further improve the roundness of the ring rolled product. According to the invention, the growth control rolls are arranged above, below and on either side of the mandrel axis to generate a less symmetric pattern of forces acting on the ring blank with more of the horizontal forces being resolved between the upper or the lower growth control rolls and the forming rolls. The preferred arrangement has the pair of upper growth control rolls with their axes parallel to but closer than those of the lower rolls. However, for some applications of the invention the lower pair of growth control rolls can be closer together than the upper pair.

[0003] In the method of the invention the upper and lower growth control rolls will normally be arranged with their axes equidistant on either side of the vertical plane containing the mandrel axis. In one variant of the invention, the two upper growth controls can be replaced by a single growth control with its axis disposed directly over the mandrel axis. In this variant, the upper growth control does of course apply only vertical forces to the ring blank with all the horizontal forces being resolved between the lower growth control rolls and the forming rolls. The disposition of the growth control rolls is preferably selected to minimise the length of unsupported blank between peripherally adjacent rolls (forming rolls and growth control rolls).

[0004] In the methods of the invention, the mandrel axis and the forming rolls are in the same horizontal plane. However, in some applications of the invention there can be some benefit in locating the mandrel axis below the axes of the forming rolls so that there is a vertical component of the forces between the forming rolls and the ring blank.

[0005] The invention will now be described by way of example and with reference to the accompanying schematic drawings in which:

[0006] FIG. 1 shows a cross-section through ring rolling apparatus adapted to practice the method of the invention; and

[0007] FIG. 2 shows an alternative apparatus to that of FIG. 1 in which the upper growth controls are replaced by a single roll.

[0008] As shown in FIG. 1 a metal blank (2) is mounted on a mandrel (4) disposed between two forming rolls (6). The axis (8) of the mandrel (4) is located below the horizontal plane containing the axes (10) of the forming rolls, the line between the axis (8) and each forming roll axis (10) subtending an angle .beta. with the horizontal. Angle .beta. is normally no more than 10.degree., and typically will be no more than 5.degree.. Effective performance has been achieved with angle .beta. at around 1.degree..

[0009] Two lower growth control rolls (12) are disposed beneath the mandrel (4) to engage the metal blank (2) from below. The rolls (12) are arranged symmetrically on either side of the vertical plane containing the mandrel axis (8); equally spaced from that vertical plane. The rolls (12) are mounted on a framework (14) enabling their spacing to be adjusted. It will be appreciated that the diameter of the lower growth control rolls may need to vary depending upon the spacing between them, to avoid interference with either each other or the forming rolls. The critical factor is of course the line of engagement with the blank on the mandrel, and the angle .theta. subtended between the line of engagement and the mandrel axis and the horizontal. This angle .theta. is typically in the range of 50.degree. to 70.degree., and normally at least 60.degree..

[0010] Two upper growth control rolls (16) are mounted in a framework (18) over the mandrel axis for engaging the blank (2) from above. These rolls (16) are located closer to each other than are the lower growth control (12) but once again their spacing can be altered by movement of their axes in the framework (18). The rolls (16) are also arranged symmetrically on either side of the vertical plane containing the mandrel axis, and the angle .theta.' subtended by the line of engagement of the roll (16) and the blank (2) and the mandrel axis relative to the horizontal will of course be greater than the angle .theta. defined in the location of the lower growth controls. The angle .theta.' is typically in the range of 50.degree. to 80.degree., normally in the range 65.degree. to 70.degree..

[0011] As noted above different sized growth control rolls can be used depending upon the geometry of the desired roll arrangement and of course the size of the ring to be rolled on the forming rolls. Because of the forces involved, the diameter of the growth control rolls should be as much as the geometry allows. The location of the growth control rolls relative to the blank is normally selected such that the spacing between the lines of engagement of the upper rolls (16) is substantially equal to the spacing between each upper roll and the line of engagement of the adjacent forming roll (6). The lower growth control rolls (12) are located in a similarly symmetric arrangement.

[0012] FIG. 2 shows a modification of the arrangement in FIG. 1 in which the upper growth control rolls (16) are replaced by a single roll (20). In other respects the arrangement of forming and growth control rolls is the same as in FIG. 1.

Claims

1. A method of rolling a ring from a metal blank, comprising mounting the blank on a mandrel between two forming rolls located on opposite sides of the mandrel axis, with a pair of lower growth control rolls located below and with their axes parallel to and on opposite sides of the mandrel axis, and a pair of upper growth control rolls arranged above and with their axes parallel and on opposite sides of the mandrel axis, wherein the spacing between the pair of upper growth control rolls is different from the spacing between the pair of lower growth control rolls; and rolling the ring between the forming rolls with the growth control rings engaging the ring.

2. A method according to claim 1 wherein the spacing between the pair of upper growth control rolls is less than the spacing between the pair of lower growth control rolls.

3. A method according to claim 1, wherein the lower growth control rolls are located relative to the mandrel axis with their axes disposed at an angle in the range 50.degree. to 70.degree. below the horizontal plane containing the mandrel axis.

4. A method according to claim 3, when said angle is at least 60.degree..

5. A method according to claim 1, wherein the upper growth control rolls are located relative to the mandrel axis with their axes disposed at an angle in the range 50.degree. to 80.degree. above the horizontal plane containing the mandrel axis.

6. A method according to claim 5, wherein said angle is in the range 65.degree. to 70.degree..

7. (canceled)

8. A method according to claim 1, wherein the mandrel axis and the axes of the forming rolls are in the same horizontal plane.

9. A method according to claim 1, wherein the mandrel axis is disposed below a horizontal plane containing the forming roll axes.

10. A method according to claim 9, wherein the mandrel axis is disposed at an angle no greater than 10.degree. below the horizontal plane containing the forming roll axes.

11. A method according to claim 10, wherein the angle is no greater than 5.degree..

12. A method of rolling a ring from a metal blank, comprising mounting the blank on a mandrel between two forming rolls located on opposite sides of the mandrel axis, with a pair of lower growth control rolls located below and with their axes parallel to and on opposite sides of the mandrel axis, and a single upper growth control roll arranged above and with its axis parallel and directly over the mandrel axis, and rolling the ring between the forming rolls with the growth control rings engaging the ring.

13. A method according to claim 12, wherein the lower growth control rolls are located relative to the mandrel axis with their axes disposed at an angle in the range 50.degree. to 70.degree. below the horizontal plane containing the mandrel axis.

14. A method according to claim 13, when said angle is at least 60.degree..

15. A method according to claim 12, wherein the mandrel axis and the axis of the forming rolls are in the same horizontal plane.

16. A method according to claim 12, wherein the mandrel axis is disposed below a horizontal plane containing the forming roll axes.

17. A method according to claim 16, wherein the mandrel axis is disposed at an angle no greater than 10.degree. below the horizontal plane containing the forming roll axis.

18. A method according to claim 17, wherein the angle is no greater than 5.degree..