U.S. patent application number 12/249386 was filed with the patent office on 2009-05-07 for omega-carboxy aryl substituted diphenyl ureas as p38 kinase inhibitors.
Invention is credited to Jacques Dumas, Uday Khire, Timothy B. Lowinger, Mary-Katherine Monahan, Reina Natero, Joel Renick, Bernd Riedl, William J. Scott, Robert N. Sibley, Roger A. Smith, Jill E. Wood.
Application Number | 20090118268 12/249386 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 27381743 |
Filed Date | 2009-05-07 |
United States Patent
Application |
20090118268 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Riedl; Bernd ; et
al. |
May 7, 2009 |
OMEGA-CARBOXY ARYL SUBSTITUTED DIPHENYL UREAS AS p38 KINASE
INHIBITORS
Abstract
This invention relates to the use of a group of aryl ureas in
treating p38 mediated diseases, and pharmaceutical compositions for
use in such therapy.
Inventors: |
Riedl; Bernd; (Wupperral,
DE) ; Dumas; Jacques; (Orange, CT) ; Khire;
Uday; (Hamden, CT) ; Lowinger; Timothy B.;
(Nishinomiya City, JP) ; Scott; William J.;
(Guilford, CT) ; Smith; Roger A.; (Madison,
CT) ; Wood; Jill E.; (Hamden, CT) ; Monahan;
Mary-Katherine; (Hamden, CT) ; Natero; Reina;
(Hamden, CT) ; Renick; Joel; (Milford, CT)
; Sibley; Robert N.; (North Haven, CT) |
Correspondence
Address: |
MILLEN, WHITE, ZELANO & BRANIGAN, P.C.
2200 CLARENDON BLVD., SUITE 1400
ARLINGTON
VA
22201
US
|
Family ID: |
27381743 |
Appl. No.: |
12/249386 |
Filed: |
October 10, 2008 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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11845597 |
Aug 27, 2007 |
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12249386 |
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10086417 |
Mar 4, 2002 |
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11845597 |
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09425229 |
Oct 22, 1999 |
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10086417 |
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09257265 |
Feb 25, 1999 |
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09425229 |
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60115878 |
Jan 13, 1999 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
514/231.2 ;
514/237.8; 514/253.01; 514/255.01; 514/331; 514/349; 514/350;
514/416; 514/417; 514/428; 514/471; 514/597; 514/598 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61K 31/24 20130101;
A61P 19/02 20180101; A61P 19/00 20180101; A61K 31/4439 20130101;
Y02A 50/30 20180101; Y02A 50/401 20180101; A61K 31/17 20130101;
A61K 31/5375 20130101; A61K 31/4453 20130101; A61K 31/535 20130101;
Y02A 50/411 20180101; A61K 31/18 20130101; A61P 35/00 20180101;
A61K 31/4035 20130101; A61K 31/341 20130101; A61K 31/40 20130101;
Y02A 50/473 20180101; A61K 31/495 20130101; Y02A 50/414 20180101;
A61K 31/44 20130101; A61K 31/496 20130101; A61K 31/5377
20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
514/231.2 ;
514/597; 514/598; 514/417; 514/416; 514/349; 514/350; 514/237.8;
514/255.01; 514/253.01; 514/331; 514/471; 514/428 |
International
Class: |
A61K 31/17 20060101
A61K031/17; A61K 31/4035 20060101 A61K031/4035; A61K 31/4412
20060101 A61K031/4412; A61K 31/5375 20060101 A61K031/5375; A61K
31/495 20060101 A61K031/495; A61K 31/496 20060101 A61K031/496; A61K
31/4453 20060101 A61K031/4453; A61K 31/341 20060101 A61K031/341;
A61K 31/40 20060101 A61K031/40; A61P 35/00 20060101 A61P035/00;
A61P 19/00 20060101 A61P019/00 |
Claims
1-38. (canceled)
39. A method of treating a condition mediated by p38 within a host,
said method comprising administering to said host a compound of
Formula I: A-D-B (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,
wherein D is --NH--C(O)--NH--, A is a substituted moiety of up to
40 carbon atoms of the formula: -L-(M-L.sup.1).sub.q, where L is a
5 or 6 membered cyclic structure bound directly to D, L.sup.1
comprises a substituted cyclic moiety having at least 5 members, M
is a bridging group having at least one atom, q is an integer of
from 1-3; and each cyclic structure of L and L.sup.1 contains 0-4
members of the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, and
B is a substituted or unsubstituted, up to tricyclic aryl or
heteroaryl moiety of up to 30 carbon atoms with at least one
6-member cyclic structure bound directly to D containing 0-4
members of the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur
other than phenyl, wherein L.sup.1 is substituted by at least one
substituent selected from the group consisting of
--SO.sub.2R.sub.x, --C(O)R.sub.x and --C(NR.sub.y)R.sub.z, R.sub.y
is hydrogen or a carbon based moiety of up to 24 carbon atoms
optionally containing heteroatoms selected from N, S and O and
optionally halosubstituted, up to per halo; R.sub.z is hydrogen or
a carbon based moiety of up to 30 carbon atoms optionally
containing heteroatoms selected from N, S and O and optionally
substituted by halogen, hydroxy and carbon based substituents of up
to 24 carbon atoms, which optionally contain heteroatoms selected
from N, S and O and are optionally substituted by halogen; R.sub.x
is R.sub.z or NR.sub.aR.sub.b where R.sub.a and R.sub.b are a)
independently hydrogen, a carbon based moiety of up to 30 carbon
atoms optionally containing heteroatoms selected from N, S and O
and optionally substituted by halogen, hydroxy and carbon based
substituents of up to 24 carbon atoms, which optionally contain
heteroatoms selected from N, S and O and are optionally substituted
by halogen, or --OSi(R.sub.f).sub.3 where R.sub.f is hydrogen or a
carbon based moiety of up to 24 carbon atoms optionally containing
heteroatoms selected from N, S and O and optionally substituted by
halogen, hydroxy and carbon based substituents of up to 24 carbon
atoms, which optionally contain heteroatoms selected from N, S and
O and are optionally substituted by halogen; or b) R.sub.a and
R.sub.b together form a 5-7 member heterocyclic structure of 1-3
heteroatoms selected from N, S and O, or a substituted 5-7 member
heterocyclic structure of 1-3 heteroatoms selected from N, S and O
substituted by halogen, hydroxy or carbon based substituents of up
to 24 carbon atoms, which optionally contain heteroatoms selected
from N, S and O and are optionally substituted by halogen; or c)
one of R.sub.a or R.sub.b is --C(O)--, a C.sub.1-C.sub.5 divalent
alkylene group or a substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.5 divalent alkylene
group bound to the moiety L to form a cyclic structure with at
least 5 members, wherein the substituents of the substituted
C.sub.1-C.sub.5 divalent alkylene group are selected from the group
consisting of halogen, hydroxy, and carbon based substituents of up
to 24 carbon atoms, which optionally contain heteroatoms selected
from N, S and O and are optionally substituted by halogen; where B
is substituted, L is substituted or L.sup.1 is additionally
substituted, the substituents are selected from the group
consisting of halogen, up to per-halo, and Wn, where n is 0-3;
wherein each W is independently selected from the group consisting
of --CN, --CO.sub.2R.sup.7, --C(O)NR.sup.7R.sup.7, --C(O)--R.sup.7,
--NO.sub.2, --OR.sup.7, --SR.sup.7, --NR.sup.7R.sup.7,
--NR.sup.7C(O)OR.sup.7, --NR.sup.7C(O)R.sup.7, -Q-Ar, and carbon
based moieties of up to 24 carbon atoms, optionally containing
heteroatoms selected from N, S and O and optionally substituted by
one or more substituents independently selected from the group
consisting of --CN, --CO.sub.2R.sup.7, --C(O)R.sup.7,
--C(O)NR.sup.7R.sup.7, --OR.sup.7, --SR.sup.7, --NR.sup.7R.sup.7,
--NO.sub.2, --NR.sup.7C(O)R.sup.7, --NR.sup.7C(O)OR.sup.7 and
halogen up to per-halo; with each R.sup.7 independently selected
from H or a carbon based moiety of up to 24 carbon atoms,
optionally containing heteroatoms selected from N, S and O and
optionally substituted by halogen, wherein Q is --O--, --S--,
--N(R.sup.7)--, --(CH.sub.2).sub.m--, --C(O)--, --CH(OH)--,
--(CH.sub.2).sub.mO--, --(CH.sub.2).sub.mS--,
--(CH.sub.2).sub.mN(R.sup.7)--, --O(CH.sub.2).sub.m--CHX.sup.a--,
--CX.sup.a.sub.2--, --S--(CH.sub.2).sub.m-- and
--N(R.sup.7)(CH.sub.2).sub.m--, where m=1-3, and X.sup.a is
halogen; and Ar is a 5- or 6-member aromatic structure containing
0-2 members selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen
and sulfur, which is optionally substituted by halogen, up to
per-halo, and optionally substituted by Z.sub.n1, wherein n1 is 0
to 3 and each Z is independently selected from the group consisting
of --CN, --CO.sub.2R.sup.7, --C(O)R.sup.7, --C(O)NR.sup.7R.sup.7,
--NO.sub.2, --OR.sup.1, --SR.sup.7--NR.sup.7R.sup.7,
--NR.sup.7C(O)OR.sup.7, --NR.sup.7C(O)R.sup.7, and a carbon based
moiety of up to 24 carbon atoms, optionally containing heteroatoms
selected from N, S and O and optionally substituted by one or more
substituents selected from the group consisting of --CN,
--CO.sub.2R.sup.7, --COR.sup.7, --C(O)NR.sup.7R.sup.7, --OR.sup.7,
--SR.sup.7, --NO.sub.2, --NR.sup.7R.sup.7, --NR.sup.7C(O)R.sup.7,
and --NR.sup.7C(O)OR.sup.7, with R.sup.7 as defined above.
40. A method as in claim 39 for the treatment of a disease other
than cancer.
41. A method as in claim 39 wherein the condition within a host
treated by administering a compound of formula I is rheumatoid
arthritis, osteoarthritis, septic arthritis, tumor metastasis,
periodontal disease, corneal ulceration, proteinuria, coronary
thrombosis from atherosclerotic plaque, aneurysmal aortic, birth
control, dystrophobic epidermolysis bullosa, degenerative cartilage
loss following traumatic joint injury, osteopenias mediated by MMP
activity, tempero mandibular joint disease or demyelating disease
of the nervous system.
42. A method as in claim 39 wherein M is a bridging group which is
one or more groups selected from the group consisting of --O--,
--S--, --N(R.sup.7)--, --(CH.sub.2).sub.m--, --C(O)--, --CH(OH)--,
--(CH.sub.2).sub.mO--, --(CH.sub.2).sub.mS--,
--(CH.sub.2).sub.mN(R.sup.7)--, --O(CH.sub.2).sub.m--CHX.sup.a--,
--CX.sup.a.sub.2--, --S--(CH.sub.2).sub.m-- or
--N(R.sup.7)(CH.sub.2).sub.m--, where m=1-3, X.sup.a is halogen and
R.sup.7 is as defined in claim 1.
43. A method as in claim 42, wherein said substituted cyclic moiety
L.sup.1 is phenyl, pyridyl or pyrimidinyl.
44. A method of claim 39 wherein L.sup.1 is substituted by
--C(O)R.sub.x or --SO.sub.2R.sub.x, wherein R.sub.x is
NR.sub.aR.sub.b.
45. A method of claim 39 wherein the cyclic structures of B and L
bound directly to D are substituted in the ortho position by
hydrogen.
46. A method of claim 39 wherein B is substituted with 1-3
substituents which are chlorine, C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkoxy or
C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl, substituted by one or more halogen
substituents up to per halo substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl.
47. A method of claim 39 wherein B is substituted by
trifluoromethyl or tert-butyl, and optionally halogen up to per
halo.
48. A method of claim 39 wherein the pharmaceutically acceptable
salt of a compound of formula I is a basic salt of hydrochloric
acid or p-toluene sulfonic acid (tosylate salt).
49. A method of claim 39 wherein the pharmaceutically acceptable
salt of a compound of formula I is a pharmaceutically acceptable
salt of
N-(4-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-N'-(4-(2-(N-methylcarbamoyl)-4-pyr-
idyloxy)phenyl)urea that is a basic salt of hydrochloric acid or
p-toluene sulfonic acid (tosylate salt).
50. A method as in claim 39 wherein the condition within a host
treated by administering a compound of formula I is rheumatic
fever, bone resorption, postmenopausal osteoperosis, sepsis, gram
negative sepsis, septic shock, endotoxic shock, toxic shock
syndrome, systemic inflammatory response syndrome, inflammatory
bowel disease (Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis),
Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction, asthma, adult respiratory distress
syndrome, acute pulmonary fibrotic disease, pulmonary sarcoidosis,
allergic respiratory disease, silicosis, coal worker's
pneumoconiosis, alveolar injury, hepatic failure, liver disease
during acute inflammation, severe alcoholic hepatitis, malaria
(Plasmodium falciparum malaria and cerebral malaria),
non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), congestive heart
failure, damage following heart disease, atherosclerosis,
Alzheimer's disease, acute encephalitis, brain injury, multiple
sclerosis (demyelation and oligiodendrocyte loss in multiple
sclerosis), advanced cancer, lymphoid malignancy, pancreatitis,
impaired wound healing in infection, inflammation and cancer,
myelodysplastic syndromes, systemic lupus erythematosus, biliary
cirrhosis, bowel necrosis, psoriasis, radiation injury/toxicity
following administration of monoclonal antibodies,
host-versus-graft reaction (ischemia reperfusion injury and
allograft rejections of kidney, liver, heart, and skin), lung
allograft rejection (obliterative bronchitis) or complications due
to total hip replacement.
51. A method as in claim 39 wherein the condition within a host
treated by administering a compound of formula I is an infectious
disease selected from the group consisting of tuberculosis,
Helicobacter pylori infection during peptic ulcer disease, Chaga's
disease resulting from Trypanosoma cruzi infection, effects of
Shiga-like toxin resulting from E. coli infection, effects of
enterotoxin A resulting from Staphylococcus infection,
meningococcal infection, and infections from Borrelia burgdorferi,
Treponema pallidum, cytomegalovirus, influenza virus, Theiler's
encephalomyelitis virus, and the human immunodeficiency virus
(HIV).
52. A method of inhibiting p38 within a host, said method
comprising administering to said host a pharmacologically effective
amount of a compound of one of the formulae B1, B2 or B3:
##STR00186## wherein A is of the formula: -L-(M-L.sup.1).sub.q,
where L is phenyl, optionally substituted by halogen, q is 1, m is
oxygen and L.sup.1 is of the formula: ##STR00187## ##STR00188##
53. A method as in claim 52 wherein the host has one of the
following conditions: rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, septic
arthritis, tumor metastasis, periodontal disease, corneal
ulceration, proteinuria, coronary thrombosis from atherosclerotic
plaque, aneurysmal aortic, birth control, dystrophobic
epidermolysis bullosa, degenerative cartilage loss following
traumatic joint injury, osteopenias mediated by MMP activity,
tempero mandibular joint disease or demyelating disease of the
nervous system.
54. A method as in claim 52 where the compound administered is a
tosylate salt.
55. A method as in claim 52 wherein the host has one of the
following conditions: rheumatic fever, bone resorption,
postmenopausal osteoperosis, sepsis, gram negative sepsis, septic
shock, endotoxic shock, toxic shock syndrome, systemic inflammatory
response syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn's disease and
ulcerative colitis), Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction, asthma, adult
respiratory distress syndrome, acute pulmonary fibrotic disease,
pulmonary sarcoidosis, allergic respiratory disease, silicosis,
coal worker's pneumoconiosis, alveolar injury, hepatic failure,
liver disease during acute inflammation, severe alcoholic
hepatitis, malaria (Plasmodium falciparum malaria and cerebral
malaria), non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM),
congestive heart failure, damage following heart disease,
atherosclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, acute encephalitis, brain
injury, multiple sclerosis (demyelation and oligiodendrocyte loss
in multiple sclerosis), advanced cancer, lymphoid malignancy,
pancreatitis, impaired wound healing in infection, inflammation and
cancer, myelodysplastic syndromes, systemic lupus erythematosus,
biliary cirrhosis, bowel necrosis, psoriasis, radiation
injury/toxicity following administration of monoclonal antibodies,
host-versus-graft reaction (ischemia reperfusion injury and
allograft rejections of kidney, liver, heart, and skin), lung
allograft rejection (obliterative bronchitis) or complications due
to total hip replacement.
56. A method for a treatment of the disease within a host selected
from the group consisting of rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis,
septic arthritis, tumor metastasis, periodontal disease, corneal
ulceration, proteinuria, coronary thrombosis from atherosclerotic
plaque, aneurysmal aortic, birth control, dystrophobic
epidermolysis bullosa, degenerative cartilage loss following
traumatic joint injury, osteopenias mediated by MMP activity,
tempero mandibular joint disease or demyelating disease of the
nervous system said method comprising administering to a host a
compound selected from the group consisting of:
N-(4-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-N'-(4-(2-(N-methylcarbamoyl)-4-pyr-
idyloxy)phenyl)urea;
N-(2-methoxy-4-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-N'-(3-(2-(N-methylcarbam-
oyl)-4-pyridyloxy)phenyl)urea and their pharmaceutically acceptable
salts.
57. A method for a treatment of the condition within a host
selected from the group consisting of rheumatic fever, bone
resorption, postmenopausal osteoperosis, sepsis, gram negative
sepsis, septic shock, endotoxic shock, toxic shock syndrome,
systemic inflammatory response syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease
(Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis), Jarisch-Herxheimer
reaction, asthma, adult respiratory distress syndrome, acute
pulmonary fibrotic disease, pulmonary sarcoidosis, allergic
respiratory disease, silicosis, coal worker's pneumoconiosis,
alveolar injury, hepatic failure, liver disease during acute
inflammation, severe alcoholic hepatitis, malaria (Plasmodium
falciparum malaria and cerebral malaria), non-insulin-dependent
diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), congestive heart failure, damage
following heart disease, atherosclerosis, Alzheimer's disease,
acute encephalitis, brain injury, multiple sclerosis (demyelation
and oligiodendrocyte loss in multiple sclerosis), lymphoid
malignancy, pancreatitis, impaired wound healing in infection,
myelodysplastic syndromes, systemic lupus erythematosus, biliary
cirrhosis, bowel necrosis, psoriasis, radiation injury/toxicity
following administration of monoclonal antibodies,
host-versus-graft reaction (ischemia reperfusion injury and
allograft rejections of kidney, liver, heart, and skin), lung
allograft rejection (obliterative bronchitis) or complications due
to total hip replacement said method comprising administering to a
host a compound selected from the group consisting of:
N-(4-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-N'-(4-(2-(N-methylcarbamoyl)-4-pyr-
idyloxy)phenyl)urea;
N-(2-methoxy-4-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-N'-(3-(2-(N-methylcarbam-
oyl)-4-pyridyloxy)phenyl)urea and their pharmaceutically acceptable
salts.
58. A method for treating an infectious disease within a host
selected from the group consisting of tuberculosis, Helicobacter
pylori infection during peptic ulcer disease, Chaga's disease
resulting from Trypanosoma cruzi infection, effects of Shiga-like
toxin resulting from E. coli infection, effects of enterotoxin A
resulting from Staphylococcus infection, meningococcal infection,
and infections from Borrelia burgdorferi, Treponema pallidum,
cytomegalovirus, influenza virus, Theiler's encephalomyelitis
virus, and the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) said method
comprising administering to a host a compound selected from the
group consisting of:
N-(4-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-N'-(4-(2-(N-methylcarbamoyl)-4-pyr-
idyloxy)phenyl)urea;
N-(2-methoxy-4-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-N'-(3-(2-(N-methylcarbam-
oyl)-4-pyridyloxy)phenyl)urea and their pharmaceutically acceptable
salts.
Description
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This is a continuation-in-part of Ser. No. 09/257,265 filed
Feb. 25, 1999 and a continuation-in-part of Ser. No. 60/115,878
filed Jan. 13, 1999.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0002] This invention relates to the use of a group of aryl ureas
in treating cytokine mediated diseases and proteolytic enzyme
mediated diseases, and pharmaceutical compositions for use in such
therapy.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0003] Two classes of effector molecules which are critical for the
progression of rheumatoid arthritis are pro-inflammatory cytokines
and tissue degrading proteases. Recently, a family of kinases was
described which is instrumental in controlling the transcription
and translation of the structural genes coding for these effector
molecules.
[0004] The mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase family is made up
of a series of structurally related proline-directed
serine/threonine kinases which are activated either by growth
factors (such as EGF) and phorbol esters (ERK), or by IL-1,
TNF.alpha. or stress (p38, JNK). The MAP kinases are responsible
for the activation of a wide variety of transcription factors and
proteins involved in transcriptional control of cytokine
production. A pair of novel protein kinases involved in the
regulation of cytokine synthesis was recently described by a group
from SmithKline Beecham (Lee et al. Nature 1994, 372, 739). These
enzymes were isolated based on their affinity to bond to a class of
compounds, named CSAIDSs (cytokine suppressive anti-inflammatory
drugs) by SKB. The CSAIDs, bicyclic pyridinyl imidazoles, have been
shown to have cytokine inhibitory activity both in vitro and in
vivo. The isolated enzymes, CSBP-1 and -2 (CSAID binding protein 1
and 2) have been cloned and expressed. A murine homologue for
CSBP-2, p38, has also been reported (Han et al. Science 1994, 265,
808).
[0005] Early studies suggested that CSAIDs function by interfering
with m-RNA translational events during cytokine biosynthesis.
Inhibition of p38 has been shown to inhibit both cytokine
production (eg., TNF.alpha., IL-1; IL-6, IL-8) and proteolytic
enzyme production (eg., MMP-1, MMP-3) in vitro and/or in vivo.
[0006] Clinical studies have linked TNF.alpha. production and/or
signaling to a number of diseases including rheumatoid arthritis
(Maini. J. Royal Coll. Physicians London 1996, 30, 344). In
addition, excessive levels of TNF.alpha. have been implicated in a
wide variety of inflammatory and/or immunomodulatory diseases,
including acute rheumatic fever (Yegin et al. Lancet 1997, 349,
170), bone resorption (Pacifici et al. J. Clin. Endocrinol.
Metabol. 1997, 82, 29), postmenopausal osteoporosis (Pacifici et
al. J. Bone Mineral Res. 1996, 11, 1043), sepsis (Blackwell et al.
Br. J. Anaesth. 1996, 77, 110), gram negative sepsis (Debets et al.
Prog. Clin. Biol. Res. 1989, 308, 463), septic shock (Tracey et al.
Nature 1987, 330, 662; Girardin et al. New England J. Med. 1988,
319, 397), endotoxic shock (Beutler et al. Science 1985, 229, 869;
Ashkenasi et al. Proc. Nat'l. Acad. Sci. USA 1991, 88, 10535),
toxic shock syndrome, (Saha et al. J. Immunol. 1996, 157, 3869;
Lina et al. FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol. 1996, 13, 81), systemic
inflammatory response syndrome (Anon. Crit. Care Med. 1992, 20,
864), inflammatory bowel diseases (Stokkers et al. J. Inflamm.
1995-6, 47, 97) including Crohn's disease (van Deventer et al.
Aliment. Pharmacol. Therapeu. 1996, 10 (Suppl. 2), 107; van
Dullemen et al. Gastroenterology 1995, 109, 129) and ulcerative
colitis (Masuda et al. J. Clin. Lab. Immunol. 1995, 46, 111),
Jarisch-Herxheimer reactions (Fekade et al. New England J. Med.
1996, 335, 311), asthma (Amrani et al. Rev. Malad. Respir. 1996,
13, 539), adult respiratory distress syndrome (Roten et al. Am.
Rev. Respir. Dis. 1991, 143, 590; Suter et al. Am. Rev. Respir.
Dis. 1992, 145, 1016), acute pulmonary fibrotic diseases (Pan et
al. Pathol. Int. 1996, 46, 91), pulmonary sarcoidosis (Ishioka et
al. Sarcoidosis Vasculitis Diffuse Lung Dis. 1996, 13, 139),
allergic respiratory diseases (Casale et al. Am. J. Respir. Cell
Mol. Biol. 1996, 15, 35), silicosis (Gossart et al. J. Immunol.
1996, 156, 1540; Vanhee et al. Eur. Respir. J. 1995, 8, 834), coal
worker's pneumoconiosis (Borm et al. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 1988,
138, 1589), alveolar injury (Horinouchi et al. Am. J. Respir. Cell
Mol. Biol. 1996, 14, 1044), hepatic failure (Gantner et al. J.
Pharmacol. Exp. Therap. 1997, 280, 53), liver disease during acute
inflammation (Kim et al. J. Biol. Chem. 1997, 272, 1402), severe
alcoholic hepatitis (Bird et al. Ann. Intern. Med. 1990, 112, 917),
malaria (Grau et al. Immunol. Rev. 1989, 112, 49; Taverne et al.
Parasitol. Today 1996, 12, 290) including Plasmodium falciparum
malaria (Perlmann et al. Infect. Immunit. 1997, 65, 116) and
cerebral malaria (Rudin et al. Am. J. Pathol. 1997, 150, 257),
non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM; Stephens et al. J.
Biol. Chem. 1997, 272, 971; Ofei et al. Diabetes 1996, 45, 881),
congestive heart failure (Doyama et al. Int. J. Cardiol. 1996, 54,
217; McMurray et al. Br. Heart J. 1991, 66, 356), damage following
heart disease (Malkiel et al. Mol. Med. Today 1996, 2, 336),
atherosclerosis (Parums et al. J. Pathol. 1996, 179, A46),
Alzheimer's disease (Fagarasan et al. Brain Res. 1996, 723, 231;
Aisen et al. Gerontology 1997, 43, 143), acute encephalitis
(Ichiyama et al. J. Neurol. 1996, 243, 457), brain injury (Cannon
et al. Crit. Care Med. 1992, 20, 1414; Hansbrough et al. Surg.
Clin. N. Am. 1987, 67, 69; Marano et al. Surg. Gynecol. Obstetr.
1990, 170, 32), multiple sclerosis (M. S.; Coyle. Adv.
Neuroimmunol. 1996, 6, 143; Matusevicius et al. J. Neuroimmunol.
1996, 66, 115) including demyelation and oligiodendrocyte loss in
multiple sclerosis (Brosnan et al. Brain Pathol. 1996, 6, 243),
advanced cancer (MucWierzgon et al. J. Biol. Regulators Homeostatic
Agents 1996, 10, 25), lymphoid malignancies (Levy et al. Crit. Rev.
Immunol. 1996, 16, 31), pancreatitis (Exley et al. Gut 1992, 33,
1126) including systemic complications in acute pancreatitis (McKay
et al. Br. J. Surg. 1996, 83, 919), impaired wound healing in
infection inflammation and cancer (Buck et al. Am. J. Pathol. 1996,
149, 195), myelodysplastic syndromes (Raza et al. Int. J. Hematol.
1996, 63, 265), systemic lupus erythematosus (Maury et al.
Arthritis Rheum. 1989, 32, 146), biliary cirrhosis (Miller et al.
Am. J. Gasteroenterolog. 1992, 87, 465), bowel necrosis (Sun et al.
J. Clin. Invest. 1988, 81, 1328), psoriasis (Christophers. Austr.
J. Dermatol. 1996, 37, S4), radiation injury (Redlich et al. J.
Immunol. 1996, 157, 1705), and toxicity following administration of
monoclonal antibodies such as OKT3 (Brod et al. Neurology 1996, 46,
1633). TNF.alpha. levels have also been related to
host-versus-graft reactions (Piguet et al. Immunol. Ser. 1992, 56,
409) including ischemia reperfusion injury (Colletti et al. J.
Clin. Invest. 1989, 85, 1333) and allograft rejections including
those of the kidney (Maury et al. J. Exp. Med. 1987, 166, 1132),
liver (Imagawa et al. Transplantation 1990, 50, 219), heart
(Bolling et al. Transplantation 1992, 53, 283), and skin (Stevens
et al. Transplant. Proc. 1990, 22, 1924), lung allograft rejection
(Grossman et al. Immunol. Allergy Clin. N. Am. 1989, 9, 153)
including chronic lung allograft rejection (obliterative
bronchitis; LoCicero et al. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 1990, 99,
1059), as well as complications due to total hip replacement
(Cirino et al. Life Sci. 1996, 59, 86). TNF.alpha. has also been
linked to infectious diseases (review: Beutler et al. Crit. Care
Med. 1993, 21, 5423; Degre. Biotherapy 1996, 8, 219) including
tuberculosis (Rook et al. Med. Malad. Infect. 1996, 26, 904),
Helicobacter pylori infection during peptic ulcer disease (Beales
et al. Gastroenterology 1997, 112, 136), Chaga's disease resulting
from Trypanosoma cruzi infection (Chandrasekar et al. Biochem.
Biophys. Res. Commun. 1996, 223, 365), effects of Shiga-like toxin
resulting from E. coli infection (Harel et al. J. Clin. Invest.
1992, 56, 40), the effects of enterotoxin A resulting from
Staphylococcus infection (Fischer et al. J. Immunol. 1990, 144,
4663), meningococcal infection (Waage et al. Lancet 1987, 355;
Ossege et al. J. Neurolog. Sci. 1996, 144, 1), and infections from
Borrelia burgdorferi (Brandt et al. Infect. Immunol. 1990, 58,
983), Treponema pallidum (Chamberlin et al. Infect. Immunol. 1989,
57, 2872), cytomegalovirus (CMV; Geist et al. Am. J. Respir. Cell
Mol. Biol. 1997, 16, 31), influenza virus (Beutler et al. Clin.
Res. 1986, 34, 491a), Sendai virus (Goldfield et al. Proc. Nat'l.
Acad. Sci. USA 1989, 87, 1490), Theiler's encephalomyelitis virus
(Sierra et al. Immunology 1993, 78, 399), and the human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV; Poli. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1990,
87, 782; Vyakaram et al. AIDS 1990, 4, 21; Badley et al. J. Exp.
Med. 1997, 185, 55).
[0007] Because inhibition of p38 leads to inhibition of TNF.alpha.
production, p38 inhibitors will be useful in treatment of the above
listed diseases.
[0008] A number of diseases are thought to be mediated by excess or
undesired matrix-destroying metalloprotease (MMP) activity or by an
imbalance in the ratio of the MMPs to the tissue inhibitors of
metalloproteinases (TIMPs). These include osteoarthritis (Woessner
et al. J. Biol. Chem. 1984, 259, 3633), rheumatoid arthritis
(Mullins et al. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1983, 695, 117; Woolley et
al. Arthritis Rheum. 1977, 20, 1231; Gravallese et al. Arthritis
Rheum. 1991, 34, 1076), septic arthritis (Williams et al. Arthritis
Rheum. 1990, 33, 533), tumor metastasis (Reich et al. Cancer Res.
1988, 48, 3307; Matrisian et al. Proc. Nat'l. Acad. Sci., USA 1986,
83, 9413), periodontal diseases (Overall et al. J. Periodontal Res.
1987, 22, 81), corneal ulceration (Burns et al. Invest. Opthalmol.
Vis. Sci. 1989, 30, 1569), proteinuria (Baricos et al. Biochem. J.
1988, 254, 609), coronary thrombosis from atherosclerotic plaque
rupture (Henney et al. Proc. Nat'l. Acad. Sci., USA 1991, 88,
8154), aneurysmal aortic disease (Vine et al. Clin. Sci. 1991, 81,
233), birth control (Woessner et al. Steroids 1989, 54, 491),
dystrophobic epidermolysis bullosa (Kronberger et al. J. Invest.
Dermatol. 1982, 79, 208), degenerative cartilage loss following
traumatic joint injury, osteopenias mediated by MMP activity,
tempero mandibular joint disease, and demyelating diseases of the
nervous system (Chantry et al. J. Neurochem. 1988, 50, 688).
[0009] Because inhibition of p38 leads to inhibition of MMP
production, p38 inhibitors will be useful in treatment of the above
listed diseases.
[0010] Inhibitors of p38 are active in animal models of TNF.alpha.
production, including a murine lipopolysaccharide (LPS) model of
TNF.alpha. production. Inhibitors of p38 are active in a number of
standard animal models of inflammatory diseases, including
carrageenan-induced edema in the rat paw, arachadonic acid-induced
edema in the rat paw, arachadonic acid-induced peritonitis in the
mouse, fetal rat long bone resorption, murine type II
collagen-induced arthritis, and Fruend's adjuvant-induced arthritis
in the rat. Thus, inhibitors of p38 will be useful in treating
diseases mediated by one or more of the above-mentioned cytokines
and/or proteolytic enzymes.
[0011] The need for new therapies is especially important in the
case of arthritic diseases. The primary disabling effect of
osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis and septic arthritis is the
progressive loss of articular cartilage and thereby normal joint
function. No marketed pharmaceutical agent is able to prevent or
slow this cartilage loss, although nonsteroidal antiinflammatory
drugs (NSAIDs) have been given to control pain and swelling. The
end result of these diseases is total loss of joint function which
is only treatable by joint replacement surgery. P38 inhibitors will
halt or reverse the progression of cartilage loss and obviate or
delay surgical intervention.
[0012] Several patents have appeared claiming polyarylimidazoles
and/or compounds containing polyarylimidazoles as inhibitors of p38
(for example, Lee et al. WO 95/07922; Adams et al. WO 95/02591;
Adams et al. WO 95/13067; Adams et al. WO 95/31451). It has been
reported that arylimidazoles complex to the ferric form of
cytochrome P450.sub.cam (Harris et al. Mol. Eng. 1995, 5, 143, and
references therein), causing concern that these compounds may
display structure-related toxicity (Howard-Martin et al. Toxicol.
Pathol. 1987, 15, 369). Therefore, there remains a need for
improved p38 inhibitors.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0013] This invention provides compounds, generally described as
aryl ureas, including both aryl and heteroaryl analogues, which
inhibit p38 mediated events and thus inhibit the production of
cytokines (such as TNF.alpha., IL-1 and IL-8) and proteolytic
enzymes (such as MMP-1 and MMP-3). The invention also provides a
method of treating a cytokine mediated disease state in humans or
mammals, wherein the cytokine is one whose production is affected
by p38. Examples of such cytokines include, but are not limited to
TNF.alpha., IL-1 and IL-8. The invention also provides a method of
treating a protease mediated disease state in humans or mammals,
wherein the protease is one whose production is affected by p38.
Examples of such proteases include, but are not limited to
collagenase (MMP-1) and stromelysin (MMP-3).
[0014] Accordingly, these compounds are useful therapeutic agents
for such acute and chronic inflammatory and/or immunomodulatory
diseases as rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, septic arthritis,
rheumatic fever, bone resorption, postmenopausal osteoperosis,
sepsis, gram negative sepsis, septic shock, endotoxic shock, toxic
shock syndrome, systemic inflammatory response syndrome,
inflammatory bowel diseases including Crohn's disease and
ulcerative colitis, Jarisch-Herxheimer reactions, asthma, adult
respiratory distress syndrome, acute pulmonary fibrotic diseases,
pulmonary sarcoidosis, allergic respiratory diseases, silicosis,
coal worker's pneumoconiosis, alveolar injury, hepatic failure,
liver disease during acute inflammation, severe alcoholic
hepatitis, malaria including Plasmodium falciparum malaria and
cerebral malaria, non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM),
congestive heart failure, damage following heart disease,
atherosclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, acute encephalitis, brain
injury, multiple sclerosis including demyelation and
oligiodendrocyte loss in multiple sclerosis, advanced cancer,
lymphoid malignancies, tumor metastasis, pancreatitis, including
systemic complications in acute pancreatitis, impaired wound
healing in infection, inflammation and cancer, periodontal
diseases, corneal ulceration, proteinuria, myelodysplastic
syndromes, systemic lupus erythematosus, biliary cirrhosis, bowel
necrosis, psoriasis, radiation injury, toxicity following
administration of monoclonal antibodies such as OKT3,
host-versus-graft reactions including ischemia reperfusion injury
and allograft rejections including kidney, liver, heart, and skin
allograft rejections, lung allograft rejection including chronic
lung allograft rejection (obliterative bronchitis) as well as
complications due to total hip replacement, and infectious diseases
including tuberculosis, Helicobacter pylori infection during peptic
ulcer disease, Chaga's disease resulting from Trypanosoma cruzi
infection, effects of Shiga-like toxin resulting from E. coli
infection, effects of enterotoxin A resulting from Staphylococcus
infection, meningococcal infection, and infections from Borrelia
burgdorferi, Treponema pallidum, cytomegalovirus, influenza virus,
Theiler's encephalomyelitis virus, and the human immunodeficiency
virus (HIV).
[0015] The present invention, therefore, provides compounds
generally described as aryl ureas, including both aryl and
heteroaryl analogues, which inhibit the p38 pathway. The invention
also provides a method for treatment of p38-mediated disease states
in humans or mammals, e.g., disease states mediated by one or more
cytokines or proteolytic enzymes produced and/or activated by a p38
mediated process. Thus, the invention is directed to compounds,
compositions and methods for the treatment of diseases mediated by
p38 kinase wherein a compound of Formula I is administered or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
A-D-B (I)
In formula I, D is --NH--C(O)--NH--,
[0016] A is a substituted moiety of up to 40 carbon atoms of the
formula: -L-(M-L.sup.1).sub.q, where L is a 5 or 6 membered cyclic
structure bound directly to D, L.sup.1 comprises a substituted
cyclic moiety having at least 5 members, M is a bridging group
having at least one atom, q is an integer of from 1-3; and each
cyclic structure of L and L.sup.1 contains 0-4 members of the group
consisting of nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, and
[0017] B is a substituted or unsubstituted, up to tricyclic aryl or
heteroaryl moiety of up to 30 carbon atoms with at least one
6-member cyclic structure bound directly to D containing 0-4
members of the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur,
[0018] wherein L.sup.1 is substituted by at least one substituent
selected from the group consisting of --SO.sub.2R.sub.x,
--C(O)R.sub.x, and --C(NR.sub.y)R.sub.z,
[0019] R.sub.y is hydrogen or a carbon based moiety of up to 24
carbon atoms optionally containing heteroatoms selected from N, S
and O and optionally halosubstituted, up to per halo,
[0020] R.sub.z is hydrogen or a carbon based moiety of up to 30
carbon atoms optionally containing heteroatoms selected from N, S
and O and optionally substituted by halogen, hydroxy and carbon
based substituents of up to 24 carbon atoms, which optionally
contain heteroatoms selected from N, S and O and are optionally
substituted by halogen;
[0021] R.sub.x is R.sub.z or NR.sub.aR.sub.b where R.sub.a and
R.sub.b are
[0022] a) independently hydrogen, [0023] a carbon based moiety of
up to 30 carbon atoms optionally containing heteroatoms selected
from N, S and O and optionally substituted by halogen, hydroxy and
carbon based substituents of up to 24 carbon atoms, which
optionally contain heteroatoms selected from N, S and O and are
optionally substituted by halogen, or [0024] --OSi(R.sub.f).sub.3
where R.sub.f is hydrogen or a carbon based moiety of up to 24
carbon atoms optionally containing heteroatoms selected from N, S
and O and optionally substituted by halogen, hydroxy and carbon
based substituents of up to 24 carbon atoms, which optionally
contain heteroatoms selected from N, S and O and are optionally
substituted by halogen; or
[0025] b) R.sub.a and R.sub.b together form a 5-7 member
heterocyclic structure of 1-3 heteroatoms selected from N, S and O,
or a substituted 5-7 member heterocyclic structure of 1-3
heteroatoms selected from N, S and O substituted by halogen,
hydroxy or carbon based substituents of up to 24 carbon atoms,
which optionally contain heteroatoms selected from N, S and O and
are optionally substituted by halogen; or
[0026] c) one of R.sub.a or R.sub.b is --C(O)--, a C.sub.1-C.sub.5
divalent alkylene group or a substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.5 divalent
alkylene group bound to the moiety L to form a cyclic structure
with at least 5 members, wherein the substituents of the
substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.5 divalent alkylene group are selected
from the group consisting of halogen, hydroxy, and carbon based
substituents of up to 24 carbon atoms, which optionally contain
heteroatoms selected from N, S and O and are optionally substituted
by halogen;
[0027] where B is substituted, L is substituted or L.sup.1 is
additionally substituted, the substituents are selected from the
group consisting of halogen, up to per-halo, and Wn, where n is
0-3;
[0028] wherein each W is independently selected from the group
consisting of --CN, --CO.sub.2R.sup.7, --C(O)NR.sup.7R.sup.7,
--C(O)--R.sup.7, --NO.sub.2, --OR.sup.7, --SR.sup.7,
--NR.sup.7R.sup.7, --NR.sup.7C(O)OR.sup.7, --NR.sup.7C(O)R.sup.7,
-Q-Ar, and carbon based moieties of up to 24 carbon atoms,
optionally containing heteroatoms selected from N, S and O and
optionally substituted by one or more substituents independently
selected from the group consisting of --CN, --CO.sub.2R.sup.7,
--C(O)R.sup.7, --C(O)NR.sup.7R.sup.7, --OR.sup.7, --SR.sup.7,
--NR.sup.7R.sup.7, --NO.sub.2, --NR.sup.7C(O)R.sup.7,
--NR.sup.7C(O)OR.sup.7 and halogen up to per-halo; with each
R.sup.7 independently selected from H or a carbon based moiety of
up to 24 carbon atoms, optionally containing heteroatoms selected
from N, S and O and optionally substituted by halogen,
[0029] wherein Q is --O--, --S--, --N(R.sup.7)--,
--(CH.sub.2).sub.m--, --C(O)--, --CH(OH)--, --(CH.sub.2).sub.mO--,
--(CH.sub.2).sub.mS--, --(CH.sub.2).sub.mN(R.sup.7)--,
--O(CH.sub.2).sub.m--CHX.sup.2--, --CX.sup.a.sub.2--,
--S--(CH.sub.2).sub.m-- and --N(R.sup.7)(CH.sub.2).sub.m--, where
m=1-3, and X.sup.a is halogen; and
[0030] Ar is a 5- or 6-member aromatic structure containing 0-2
members selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen and
sulfur, which is optionally substituted by halogen, up to per-halo,
and optionally substituted by Z.sub.n1, wherein n1 is 0 to 3 and
each Z is independently selected from the group consisting of --CN,
--CO.sub.2R.sup.7, --C(O)R.sup.7, --C(O)NR.sup.7R.sup.7,
--NO.sub.2, --OR.sup.7, --SR.sup.7--NR.sup.7R.sup.7,
--NR.sup.7C(O)OR.sup.7, --NR.sup.7C(O)R.sup.7, and a carbon based
moiety of up to 24 carbon atoms, optionally containing heteroatoms
selected from N, S and O and optionally substituted by one or more
substituents selected from the group consisting of --CN,
--CO.sub.2R.sup.7, --COR.sup.7, --C(O)NR.sup.7R.sup.7, --OR.sup.7,
--SR.sup.7, --NO.sub.2, --NR.sup.7R.sup.7, --NRC(O)R.sup.7, and
--NR.sup.7C(O)OR.sup.7, with R.sup.7 as defined above.
[0031] In formula I, suitable hetaryl groups include, but are not
limited to, 5-12 carbon-atom aromatic rings or ring systems
containing 1-3 rings, at least one of which is aromatic, in which
one or more, e.g., 1-4 carbon atoms in one or more of the rings can
be replaced by oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur atoms. Each ring
typically has 3-7 atoms. For example, B can be 2- or 3-furyl, 2- or
3-thienyl, 2- or 4-triazinyl, 1-, 2- or 3-pyrrolyl, 1-, 2-, 4- or
5-imidazolyl, 1-, 3-, 4- or 5-pyrazolyl, 2-, 4- or 5-oxazolyl, 3-,
4- or 5-isoxazolyl, 2-, 4- or 5-thiazolyl, 3-, 4- or
5-isothiazolyl, 2-, 3- or 4-pyridyl, 2-, 4-, 5- or 6-pyrimidinyl,
1,2,3-triazol-1-, -4- or -5-yl, 1,2,4-triazol-1-, -3- or -5-yl, 1-
or 5-tetrazolyl, 1,2,3-oxadiazol-4- or -5-yl, 1,2,4-oxadiazol-3- or
-5-yl, 1,3,4-thiadiazol-2- or -5-yl, 1,2,4-oxadiazol-3- or -5-yl,
1,3,4-thiadiazol-2- or -5-yl, 1,3,4-thiadiazol-3- or -5-yl,
1,2,3-thiadiazol-4- or -5-yl, 2-, 3-, 4-, 5- or 6-2H-thiopyranyl,
2-, 3- or 4-4H-thiopyranyl, 3- or 4-pyridazinyl, pyrazinyl, 2-, 3-,
4-, 5-, 6- or 7-benzofuryl, 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6- or 7-benzothienyl,
1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6- or 7-indolyl, 1-, 2-, 4- or
5-benzimidazolyl, 1-, 3-, 4-, 5-,6- or 7-benzopyrazolyl, 2-, 4-,
5-, 6- or 7-benzoxazolyl, 3-, 4-, 5- 6- or 7-benzisoxazolyl, 1-,
3-, 4-, 5-, 6- or 7-benzothiazolyl, 2-, 4-, 5-, 6- or
7-benzisothiazolyl, 2-, 4-, 5-, 6- or 7-benz-1,3-oxadiazolyl, 2-,
3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, 7- or 8-quinolinyl, 1-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, 7-,
8-isoquinolinyl, 1-, 2-, 3-, 4- or 9-carbazolyl, 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-,
5-, 6-, 7-, 8- or 9-acridinyl, or 2-, 4-, 5-, 6-, 7- or
8-quinazolinyl, or additionally optionally substituted phenyl, 2-
or 3-thienyl, 1,3,4-thiadiazolyl, 3-pyrryl, 3-pyrazolyl,
2-thiazolyl or 5-thiazolyl, etc. For example, B can be
4-methyl-phenyl, 5-methyl-2-thienyl, 4-methyl-2-thienyl,
1-methyl-3-pyrryl, 1-methyl-3-pyrazolyl, 5-methyl-2-thiazolyl or
5-methyl-1,2,4-thiadiazol-2-yl.
[0032] Suitable alkyl groups and alkyl portions of groups, e.g.,
alkoxy, etc. throughout include methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, etc.,
including all straight-chain and branched isomers such as
isopropyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, etc.
[0033] Suitable aryl groups which do not contain heteroatoms
include, for example, phenyl and 1- and 2-naphthyl.
[0034] The term "cycloalkyl", as used herein, refers to cyclic
structures with or without alkyl substituents such that, for
example, "C.sub.4 cycloakyl" includes methyl substituted
cyclopropyl groups as well as cyclobutyl groups. The term
"cycloalkyl", as used herein also includes saturated heterocyclic
groups.
[0035] Suitable halogen groups include F, Cl, Br, and/or I, from
one to per-substitution (i.e. all H atoms on a group replaced by a
halogen atom) being possible where an alkyl group is substituted by
halogen, mixed substitution of halogen atom types also being
possible on a given moiety.
[0036] The invention also relates to compounds per se, of formula
I.
[0037] The present invention is also directed to pharmaceutically
acceptable salts of formula I. Suitable pharmaceutically acceptable
salts are well known to those skilled in the art and include basic
salts of inorganic and organic acids, such as hydrochloric acid,
hydrobromic acid, sulphuric acid, phosphoric acid, methanesulphonic
acid, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, benzenesulphonic acid,
p-toluenesulfonic acid, 1-naphthalenesulfonic acid,
2-naphthalenesulfonic acid, acetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid,
malic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, lactic acid, oxalic acid,
succinic acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid, benzoic acid, salicylic
acid, phenylacetic acid, and mandelic acid. In addition,
pharmaceutically acceptable salts include acid salts of inorganic
bases, such as salts containing alkaline cations (e.g.,
Li.sup.+Na.sup.+ or K.sup.+), alkaline earth cations (e.g.,
Mg.sup.+2, Ca.sup.+2 or Ba.sup.+2), the ammonium cation, as well as
acid salts of organic bases, including aliphatic and aromatic
substituted ammonium, and quaternary ammonium cations, such as
those arising from protonation or peralkylation of triethylamine,
N,N-diethylamine, N,N-dicyclohexylamine, lysine, pyridine,
N,N-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP), 1,4-diazabiclo[2.2.2]octane
(DABCO), 1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-ene (DBN) and
1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU).
[0038] A number of the compounds of Formula I possess asymmetric
carbons and can therefore exist in racemic and optically active
forms. Methods of separation of enantiomeric and diastereomeric
mixtures are well known to one skilled in the art. The present
invention encompasses any isolated racemic or optically active form
of compounds described in Formula I which possess p38 kinase
inhibitory activity.
General Preparative Methods
[0039] The compounds of Formula I may be prepared by use of known
chemical reactions and procedures, some from starting materials
which are commercially available. Nevertheless, the following
general preparative methods are presented to aid one of skill in
the art in synthesizing these compounds, with more detailed
particular examples being presented in the experimental section
describing the working examples.
[0040] Substituted anilines may be generated using standard methods
(March. Advanced Organic Chemistry, 3.sup.rd Ed.; John Wiley: New
York (1985). Larock. Comprehensive Organic Transformations; VCH
Publishers: New York (1989)). As shown in Scheme I, aryl amines are
commonly synthesized by reduction of nitroaryls using a metal
catalyst, such as Ni, Pd, or Pt, and H.sub.2 or a hydride transfer
agent, such as formate, cyclohexadiene, or a borohydride (Rylander.
Hydrogenation Methods; Academic Press: London, UK (1985)).
Nitroaryls may also be directly reduced using a strong hydride
source, such as LiAlH.sub.4 (Seyden-Penne. Reductions by the
Alumino- and Borohydrides in Organic Synthesis; VCH Publishers: New
York (1991)), or using a zero valent metal, such as Fe, Sn or Ca,
often in acidic media. Many methods exist for the synthesis of
nitroaryls (March. Advanced Organic Chemistry, 3.sup.rd Ed.; John
Wiley: New York (1985). Larock. Comprehensive Organic
Transformations; VCH Publishers: New York (1989)).
Substituted anilines may be generated using standard methods
(March. Advanced Organic Chemistry, 3.sup.rd Ed.; John Wiley: New
York (1985). Larock. Comprehensive Organic Transformations; VCH
Publishers: New York (1989)). As shown in Scheme I, aryl amines are
commonly synthesized by reduction of nitroaryls using a metal
catalyst, such as Ni, Pd, or Pt, and H.sub.2 or a hydride transfer
agent, such as formate, cyclohexadiene, or a borohydride (Rylander.
Hydrogenation Methods; Academic Press: London, UK (1985)).
Nitroaryls may also be directly reduced using a strong hydride
source, such as LiAlH.sub.4 (Seyden-Penne. Reductions by the
Alumino- and Borohydrides in Organic Synthesis; VCH Publishers: New
York (1991)), or using a zero valent metal, such as Fe, Sn or Ca,
often in acidic media. Many methods exist for the synthesis of
nitroaryls (March. Advanced Organic Chemistry, 3.sup.rd Ed.; John
Wiley: New York (1985). Larock. Comprehensive Organic
Transformations; VCH Publishers: New York (1989)).
##STR00001##
Nitroaryls are commonly formed by electrophilic aromatic nitration
using HNO.sub.3, or an alternative NO.sub.2.sup.+ source.
Nitroaryls may be further elaborated prior to reduction. Thus,
nitroaryls substituted with
##STR00002##
potential leaving groups (eg. F, Cl, Br, etc.) may undergo
substitution reactions on treatment with nucleophiles, such as
thiolate (exemplified in Scheme II) or phenoxide. Nitroaryls may
also undergo Ullman-type coupling reactions (Scheme II).
##STR00003##
[0041] Nitroaryls may also undergo transition metal mediated cross
coupling reactions. For example, nitroaryl electrophiles, such as
nitroaryl bromides, iodides or triflates, undergo palladium
mediated cross coupling reactions with aryl nucleophiles, such as
arylboronic acids (Suzuki reactions, exemplified below), aryltins
(Stille reactions) or arylzincs (Negishi reaction) to afford the
biaryl (5).
##STR00004##
[0042] Either nitroaryls or anilines may be converted into the
corresponding arenesulfonyl chloride (7) on treatment with
chlorosulfonic acid. Reaction of the sulfonyl chloride with a
fluoride source, such as KF then affords sulfonyl fluoride (8).
Reaction of sulfonyl fluoride 8 with trimethylsilyl
trifluoromethane in the presence of a fluoride source, such as
tris(dimethylamino)sulfonium difluorotrimethylsiliconate (TASF)
leads to the corresponding trifluoromethylsulfone (9).
Alternatively, sulfonyl chloride 7 may be reduced to the arenethiol
(10), for example with zinc amalgum. Reaction of thiol 10 with
CHClF.sub.2 in the presence of base gives the difluoromethyl
mercaptam (11), which may be oxidized to the sulfone (12) with any
of a variety of oxidants, including CrO.sub.3-acetic anhydride
(Sedova et al. Zh. Org. Khim. 1970, 6, 568).
##STR00005##
[0043] As shown in Scheme IV, non-symmetrical urea formation may
involve reaction of an aryl isocyanate (14) with an aryl amine
(13). The heteroaryl isocyanate may be synthesized from a
heteroaryl amine by treatment with phosgene or a phosgene
equivalent, such as trichloromethyl chloroformate (diphosgene),
bis(trichloromethyl) carbonate (triphosgene), or
N,N'-carbonyldiimidazole (CDI). The isocyanate may also be derived
from a heterocyclic carboxylic acid derivative, such as an ester,
an acid halide or an anhydride by a Curtius-type rearrangement.
Thus, reaction of acid derivative 16 with an azide source, followed
by rearrangement affords the isocyanate. The corresponding
carboxylic acid (17) may also be subjected to Curtius-type
rearrangements using diphenylphosphoryl azide (DPPA) or a similar
reagent.
##STR00006##
[0044] Finally, ureas may be further manipulated using methods
familiar to those skilled in the art.
[0045] The invention also includes pharmaceutical compositions
including a compound of Formula I, and a physiologically acceptable
carrier.
[0046] The compounds may be administered orally, topically,
parenterally, by inhalation or spray, vaginally, rectally or
sublingually in dosage unit formulations. The term `administration
by injection` includes intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous and
parenteral injections, as well as use of infusion techniques.
Dermal administration may include topical application or
transdermal administration. One or more compounds may be present in
association with one or more non-toxic pharmaceutically acceptable
carriers and if desired other active ingredients.
[0047] Compositions intended for oral use may be prepared according
to any suitable method known to the art for the manufacture of
pharmaceutical compositions. Such compositions may contain one or
more agents selected from the group consisting of diluents,
sweetening agents, flavoring agents, coloring agents and preserving
agents in order to provide palatable preparations. Tablets contain
the active ingredient in admixture with non-toxic pharmaceutically
acceptable excipients which are suitable for the manufacture of
tablets. These excipients may be, for example, inert diluents, such
as calcium carbonate, sodium carbonate, lactose, calcium phosphate
or sodium phosphate; granulating and disintegrating agents, for
example, corn starch, or alginic acid; and binding agents, for
example magnesium stearate, stearic acid or talc. The tablets may
be uncoated or they may be coated by known techniques to delay
disintegration and adsorption in the gastrointestinal tract and
thereby provide a sustained action over a longer period. For
example, a time delay material such as glyceryl monostearate or
glyceryl distearate may be employed. These compounds may also be
prepared in solid, rapidly released form.
[0048] Formulations for oral use may also be presented as hard
gelatin capsules wherein the active ingredient is mixed with an
inert solid diluent, for example, calcium carbonate, calcium
phosphate or kaolin, or as soft gelatin capsules wherein the active
ingredient is mixed with water or an oil medium, for example peanut
oil, liquid paraffin or olive oil.
[0049] Aqueous suspensions containing the active materials in
admixture with excipients suitable for the manufacture of aqueous
suspensions may also be used. Such excipients are suspending
agents, for example sodium carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose,
hydroxypropyl-methylcellulose, sodium alginate,
polyvinylpyrrolidone, gum tragacanth and gum acacia; dispersing or
wetting agents may be a naturally-occurring phosphatide, for
example, lecithin, or condensation products of an alkylene oxide
with fatty acids, for example polyoxyethylene stearate, or
condensation products of ethylene oxide with long chain aliphatic
alcohols, for example heptadecaethyleneoxycetanol, or condensation
products of ethylene oxide with partial esters derived from fatty
acids and hexitol such as polyoxyethylene sorbitol monooleate, or
condensation products of ethylene oxide with partial esters derived
from fatty acids and hexitol anhydrides, for example polyethylene
sorbitan monooleate. The aqueous suspensions may also contain one
or more preservatives, for example ethyl, or n-propyl,
p-hydroxybenzoate, one or more coloring agents, one or more
flavoring agents, and one or more sweetening agents, such as
sucrose or saccharin.
[0050] Dispersible powders and granules suitable for preparation of
an aqueous suspension by the addition of water provide the active
ingredient in admixture with a dispersing or wetting agent,
suspending agent and one or more preservatives. Suitable dispersing
or wetting agents and suspending agents are exemplified by those
already mentioned above. Additional excipients, for example,
sweetening, flavoring and coloring agents, may also be present.
[0051] The compounds may also be in the form of non-aqueous liquid
formulations, e.g., oily suspensions which may be formulated by
suspending the active ingredients in a vegetable oil, for example
arachis oil, olive oil, sesame oil or peanut oil, or in a mineral
oil such as liquid paraffin. The oily suspensions may contain a
thickening agent, for example beeswax, hard paraffin or cetyl
alcohol. Sweetening agents such as those set forth above, and
flavoring agents may be added to provide palatable oral
preparations. These compositions may be preserved by the addition
of an anti-oxidant such as ascorbic acid.
[0052] Compounds of the invention may also be administrated
transdermally using methods known to those skilled in the art (see,
for example: Chien; "Transdermal Controlled Systemic Medications";
Marcel Dekker, Inc.; 1987. Lipp et al. WO94/04157 3 Mar. 1994). For
example, a solution or suspension of a compound of Formula I in a
suitable volatile solvent optionally containing penetration
enhancing agents can be combined with additional additives known to
those skilled in the art, such as matrix materials and
bacteriocides. After sterilization, the resulting mixture can be
formulated following known procedures into dosage forms. In
addition, on treatment with emulsifying agents and water, a
solution or suspension of a compound of Formula I may be formulated
into a lotion or salve.
[0053] Suitable solvents for processing transdermal delivery
systems are known to those skilled in the art, and include lower
alcohols such as ethanol or isopropyl alcohol, lower ketones such
as acetone, lower carboxylic acid esters such as ethyl acetate,
polar ethers such as tetrahydrofuran, lower hydrocarbons such as
hexane, cyclohexane or benzene, or halogenated hydrocarbons such as
dichloromethane, chloroform, trichlorotrifluoroethane, or
trichlorofluoroethane. Suitable solvents may also include mixtures
of one or more materials selected from lower alcohols, lower
ketones, lower carboxylic acid esters, polar ethers, lower
hydrocarbons, halogenated hydrocarbons.
[0054] Suitable penetration enhancing materials for transdermal
delivery system are known to those skilled in the art, and include,
for example, monohydroxy or polyhydroxy alcohols such as ethanol,
propylene glycol or benzyl alcohol, saturated or unsaturated
C.sub.8-C.sub.18 fatty alcohols such as lauryl alcohol or cetyl
alcohol, saturated or unsaturated C.sub.8-C.sub.18 fatty acids such
as stearic acid, saturated or unsaturated fatty esters with up to
24 carbons such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl,
sec-butyl isobutyl tertbutyl or monoglycerin esters of acetic acid,
capronic acid, lauric acid, myristinic acid, stearic acid, or
palmitic acid, or diesters of saturated or unsaturated dicarboxylic
acids with a total of up to 24 carbons such as diisopropyl adipate,
diisobutyl adipate, diisopropyl sebacate, diisopropyl maleate, or
diisopropyl fumarate. Additional penetration enhancing materials
include phosphatidyl derivatives such as lecithin or cephalin,
terpenes, amides, ketones, ureas and their derivatives, and ethers
such as dimethyl isosorbid and diethyleneglycol monoethyl ether.
Suitable penetration enhancing formulations may also include
mixtures of one or more materials selected from monohydroxy or
polyhydroxy alcohols, saturated or unsaturated C.sub.8-C.sub.18
fatty alcohols, saturated or unsaturated C.sub.8-C.sub.18 fatty
acids, saturated or unsaturated fatty esters with up to 24 carbons,
diesters of saturated or unsaturated discarboxylic acids with a
total of up to 24 carbons, phosphatidyl derivatives, terpenes,
amides, ketones, ureas and their derivatives, and ethers.
[0055] Suitable binding materials for transdermal delivery systems
are known to those skilled in the art and include polyacrylates,
silicones, polyurethanes, block polymers, styrenebutadiene
coploymers, and natural and synthetic rubbers. Cellulose ethers,
derivatized polyethylenes, and silicates may also be used as matrix
components. Additional additives, such as viscous resins or oils
may be added to increase the viscosity of the matrix.
[0056] Pharmaceutical compositions of the invention may also be in
the form of oil-in-water emulsions. The oil phase may be a
vegetable oil, for example olive oil or arachis oil, or a mineral
oil, for example liquid paraffin or mixtures of these. Suitable
emulsifying agents may be naturally-occurring gums, for example gum
acacia or gum tragacanth, naturally-occurring phosphatides, for
example soy bean, lecithin, and esters or partial esters derived
from fatty acids and hexitol anhydrides, for example sorbitan
monooleate, and condensation products of the said partial esters
with ethylene oxide, for example polyoxyethylene sorbitan
monooleate. The emulsions may also contain sweetening and flavoring
agents.
[0057] Syrups and elixirs may be formulated with sweetening agents,
for example glycerol, propylene glycol, sorbitol or sucrose. Such
formulations may also contain a demulcent, a preservative and
flavoring and coloring agents.
[0058] The compounds may also be administered in the form of
suppositories for rectal administration of the drug. These
compositions can be prepared by mixing the drug with a suitable
non-irritating excipient which is solid at ordinary temperatures
but liquid at the rectal or vaginal temperature and will therefore
melt in the rectum or vagina to release the drug. Such materials
include cocoa butter and polyethylene glycols.
[0059] For all regimens of use disclosed herein for compounds of
Formula I, the daily oral dosage regimen will preferably be from
0.01 to 200 mg/Kg of total body weight. The daily dosage for
administration by injection, including intravenous, intramuscular,
subcutaneous and parenteral injections, and use of infusion
techniques will preferably be from 0.01 to 200 mg/Kg of total body
weight. The daily vaginal dosage regimen will preferably be from
0.01 to 200 mg/Kg of total body weight. The daily rectal dosage
regimen will preferably be from 0.01 to 200 mg/Kg of total body
weight. The transdermal concentration will preferably be that
required to maintain a daily dose of from 0.01 to 200 mg/Kg. The
daily topical dosage regimen will preferably be from 0.1 to 200 mg
administered between one to four times daily. The daily inhalation
dosage regimen will preferably be from 0.01 to 10 mg/Kg of total
body weight.
[0060] It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the
particular method of administration will depend on a variety of
factors, all of which are considered routinely when administering
therapeutics. It will also be understood, however, that the
specific dose level for a given patient depends on a variety of
factors, including specific activity of the compound administered,
the age of the patient, the body weight of the patient, the general
health of the patient, the gender of the patient, the diet of the
patient, time of administration, route of administration, rate of
excretion, drug combination, and the severity of the condition
undergoing therapy, etc. It will be further appreciated by one
skilled in the art that the optimal course of treatment, i.e., the
mode of treatment and the daily number of doses of a compound of
Formula I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof given for a
defined number of days, can be ascertained by those skilled in the
art using conventional course of treatment tests.
[0061] The compounds of FIG. I are producible from known compounds
(or from starting materials which, in turn, are producible from
known compounds), e.g., through the general preparative methods
shown above. The activity of a given compound to inhibit raf kinase
can be routinely assayed, e.g., according to procedures disclosed
below. The following examples are for illustrative purposes only
and are not intended, nor should they be construed to limit the
invention in any way.
[0062] The entire disclosure of all applications, patents and
publications cited above and below are hereby incorporated by
reference, including non-provisional application Ser. No.
09/257,265 filed Feb. 25, 1999 and provisional application Ser. No.
60/115,878, filed on Jan. 13, 1999.
[0063] The following examples are for illustrative purposes only
and are not intended, nor should they be construed to limit the
invention in any way.
EXAMPLES
[0064] All reactions were performed in flame-dried or oven-dried
glassware under a positive pressure of dry argon or dry nitrogen,
and were stirred magnetically unless otherwise indicated. Sensitive
liquids and solutions were transferred via syringe or cannula, and
introduced into reaction vessels through rubber septa. Unless
otherwise stated, the term `concentration under reduced pressure`
refers to use of a Buchi rotary evaporator at approximately 15
mmHg. Unless otherwise stated, the term `under high vacuum` refers
to a vacuum of 0.4-1.0 mmHg.
[0065] All temperatures are reported uncorrected in degrees Celsius
(.degree. C.). Unless otherwise indicated, all parts and
percentages are by weight.
[0066] Commercial grade reagents and solvents were used without
further purification.
N-cyclohexyl-N'-(methylpolystyrene)carbodiimide was purchased from
Calbiochem-Novabiochem Corp. 3-tert-Butylaniline,
5-tert-butyl-2-methoxyaniline, 4-bromo-3-(trifluoromethyl)aniline,
4-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)aniline
2-methoxy-5-(trifluoromethyl)aniline, 4-tert-butyl-2-nitroaniline,
3-amino-2-naphthol, ethyl 4-isocyanatobenzoate,
N-acetyl-4-chloro-2-methoxy-5-(trifluoromethyl)aniline and
4-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl isocyanate were purchased and
used without further purification. Syntheses of
3-amino-2-methoxyquinoline (E. Cho et al. WO 98/00402; A. Cordi et
al. EP 542,609; IBID Bioorg. Med. Chem. 3, 1995, 129),
4-(3-carbamoylphenoxy)-1-nitrobenzene (K. Ikawa Yakugaku Zasshi 79,
1959, 760; Chem. Abstr. 53, 1959, 12761b), 3-tert-butylphenyl
isocyanate (O. Rohr et al. DE 2,436,108) and
2-methoxy-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl isocyanate (K. Inukai et al. JP
42,025,067; IBID Kogyo Kagaku Zasshi 70, 1967, 491) have previously
been described.
[0067] Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) was performed using
Whatman.RTM. pre-coated glass-backed silica gel 60A F-254 250 .mu.m
plates. Visualization of plates was effected by one or more of the
following techniques: (a) ultraviolet illumination, (b) exposure to
iodine vapor, (c) immersion of the plate in a 10% solution of
phosphomolybdic acid in ethanol followed by heating, (d) immersion
of the plate in a cerium sulfate solution followed by heating,
and/or (e) immersion of the plate in an acidic ethanol solution of
2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine followed by heating. Column
chromatography (flash chromatography) was performed using 230-400
mesh EM Science.RTM. silica gel.
[0068] Melting points (mp) were determined using a Thomas-Hoover
melting point apparatus or a Mettler FP66 automated melting point
apparatus and are uncorrected. Fourier transform infrared spectra
were obtained using a Mattson 4020 Galaxy Series spectrophotometer.
Proton (.sup.1H) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra were
measured with a General Electric GN-Omega 300 (300 MHz)
spectrometer with either Me.sub.4Si (.delta. 0.00) or residual
protonated solvent (CHCl.sub.3 .delta. 7.26; MeOH .delta. 3.30;
DMSO .delta. 2.49) as standard. Carbon (.sup.13C) NMR spectra were
measured with a General Electric GN-Omega 300 (75 MHz) spectrometer
with solvent (CDCl.sub.3 .delta. 77.0; MeOD-d.sub.3; .delta. 49.0;
DMSO-d.sub.6 .delta. 39.5) as standard. Low resolution mass spectra
(MS) and high resolution mass spectra (HRMS) were either obtained
as electron impact (EI) mass spectra or as fast atom bombardment
(FAB) mass spectra. Electron impact mass spectra (EI-MS) were
obtained with a Hewlett Packard 5989A mass spectrometer equipped
with a Vacumetrics Desorption Chemical Ionization Probe for sample
introduction. The ion source was maintained at 250.degree. C.
Electron impact ionization was performed with electron energy of 70
eV and a trap current of 300 .mu.A. Liquid-cesium secondary ion
mass spectra (FAB-MS), an updated version of fast atom bombardment
were obtained using a Kratos Concept 1-H spectrometer. Chemical
ionization mass spectra (CI-MS) were obtained using a Hewlett
Packard MS-Engine (5989A) with methane or ammonia as the reagent
gas (1.times.10.sup.-4 torr to 2.5.times.10.sup.-4 torr). The
direct insertion desorption chemical ionization (DCI) probe
(Vaccumetrics, Inc.) was ramped from 0-1.5 amps in 10 sec and held
at 10 amps until all traces of the sample disappeared (.about.1-2
min). Spectra were scanned from 50-800 amu at 2 sec per scan.
HPLC-electrospray mass spectra (HPLC ES-MS) were obtained using a
Hewlett-Packard 1100 HPLC equipped with a quaternary pump, a
variable wavelength detector, a C-18 column, and a Finnigan LCQ ion
trap mass spectrometer with electrospray ionization. Spectra were
scanned from 120-800 amu using a variable ion time according to the
number of ions in the source. Gas chromatography-ion selective mass
spectra (GC-MS) were obtained with a Hewlett Packard 5890 gas
chromatograph equipped with an HP-1 methyl silicone column (0.33 mM
coating; 25 m.times.0.2 mm) and a Hewlett Packard 5971 Mass
Selective Detector (ionization energy 70 eV). Elemental analyses
are conducted by Robertson Microlit Labs, Madison N.J.
[0069] All compounds displayed NMR spectra, LRMS and either
elemental analysis or HRMS consistent with assigned structures.
List of Abbreviations and Acronyms:
[0070] AcOH acetic acid anh anhydrous atm atmosphere(s) BOC
tert-butoxycarbonyl CDI 1,1'-carbonyl diimidazole conc concentrated
d day(s) dec decomposition
DMAC N,N-dimethylacetamide
[0071] DMPU 1,3-dimethyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2(1H)-pyrimidinone
DMF N,N-dimethylformamide
[0072] DMSO dimethylsulfoxide DPPA diphenylphosphoryl azide EDCI
1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide EtOAc ethyl acetate
EtOH ethanol (100%) Et.sub.2O diethyl ether Et.sub.3N triethylamine
h hour(s) HOBT 1-hydroxybenzotriazole m-CPBA 3-chloroperoxybenzoic
acid MeOH methanol pet. ether petroleum ether (boiling range
30-60.degree. C.) temp. temperature THF tetrahydrofuran TFA
trifluoroAcOH Tf trifluoromethanesulfonyl
A. General Methods for Synthesis of Substituted Anilines
[0073] A1. General Method for Aryl Amine Formation via Ether
Formation Followed by Ester Saponification, Curtius Rearrangement,
and Carbamate Deprotection. Synthesis of
2-Amino-3-methoxynaphthalene.
##STR00007##
Step 1. Methyl 3-methoxy-2-naphthoate
[0074] A slurry of methyl 3-hydroxy-2-naphthoate (10.1 g, 50.1
mmol) and K.sub.2CO.sub.3 (7.96 g, 57.6 mmol) in DMF (200 mL) was
stirred at room temp. for 15 min., then treated with iodomethane
(3.43 mL, 55.1 mmol). The mixture was allowed to stir at room temp.
overnight, then was treated with water (200 mL). The resulting
mixture was extracted with EtOAc (2.times.200 mL). The combined
organic layers were washed with a saturated NaCl solution (100 mL),
dried (MgSO.sub.4), concentrated under reduced pressure
(approximately 0.4 mmHg overnight) to give methyl
3-methoxy-2-naphthoate as an amber oil (10.30 g): .sup.1H-NMR
(DMSO-d.sub.6) .delta. 2.70 (s, 3H), 2.85 (s, 3H), 7.38 (app t,
J=8.09 Hz, 1H), 7.44 (s, 1H), 7.53 (app t, J=8.09 Hz, 1H), 7.84 (d,
J=8.09 Hz, 1H), 7.90 (s, 1H), 8.21 (s, 1H).
##STR00008##
Step 2. 3-Methoxy-2-naphthoic Acid
[0075] A solution of methyl 3-methoxy-2-naphthoate (6.28 g, 29.10
mmol) and water (10 mL) in MeOH (100 mL) at room temp. was treated
with a 1 N NaOH solution (33.4 mL, 33.4 mmol). The mixture was
heated at the reflux temp. for 3 h, cooled to room temp., and made
acidic with a 10% citric acid solution. The resulting solution was
extracted with EtOAc (2.times.100 mL). The combined organic layers
were washed with a saturated NaCl solution, dried (MgSO.sub.4) and
concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was triturated
with hexane then washed several times with hexane to give
3-methoxy-2-naphthoic acid as a white solid (5.40 g, 92%):
.sup.1H-NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6) .delta. 3.88 (s, 3H), 7.34-7.41 (m, 2H),
7.49-7.54 (m, 1H), 7.83 (d, J=8.09 Hz, 1H), 7.91 (d, J=8.09 Hz,
1H), 8.19 (s, 1H), 12.83 (br s, 1H).
##STR00009##
Step 3. 2-(N-(Carbobenzyloxy)amino-3-methoxynaphthalene
[0076] A solution of 3-methoxy-2-naphthoic acid (3.36 g, 16.6 mmol)
and Et.sub.3N (2.59 mL, 18.6 mmol) in anh toluene (70 mL) was
stirred at room temp. for 15 min., then treated with a solution of
DPPA (5.12 g, 18.6 mmol) in toluene (10 mL) via pipette. The
resulting mixture was heated at 80.degree. C. for 2 h. After
cooling the mixture to room temp., benzyl alcohol (2.06 mL, 20
mmol) was added via syringe. The mixture was then warmed to
80.degree. C. overnight. The resulting mixture was cooled to room
temp., quenched with a 10% citric acid solution, and extracted with
EtOAc (2.times.100 mL). The combined organic layers were washed
with a saturated NaCl solution, dried (MgSO.sub.4) and concentrated
under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by column
chromatography (14% EtOAc/86% hexane) to give
2-(N-(carbobenzyloxy)amino-3-methoxynaphthalene as a pale yellow
oil (5.1 g, 100%): .sup.1H-NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6) .delta. 3.89 (s, 3H),
5.17 (s, 2H), 7.27-7.44 (m, 8H), 7.72-7.75 (m, 2H), 8.20 (s, 1H),
8.76 (s, 1H).
##STR00010##
Step 4. 2-Amino-3-methoxynaphthalene
[0077] A slurry of 2-(N-(carbobenzyloxy)amino-3-methoxynaphthalene
(5.0 g, 16.3 mmol) and 10% Pd/C (0.5 g) in EtOAc (70 mL) was
maintained under a H.sub.2 atm (balloon) at room temp. overnight.
The resulting mixture was filtered through Celite.RTM. and
concentrated under reduced pressure to give
2-amino-3-methoxynaphthalene as a pale pink powder (2.40 g, 85%):
.sup.1H-NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6) .delta. 3.86 (s, 3H), 6.86 (s, 2H),
7.04-7.16 (m, 2H), 7.43 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.56 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H);
EI-MS m/z 173 (M.sup.+).
A2. Synthesis of .omega.-Carbamyl Anilines Via Formation of a
Carbamylpyridine Followed by Nucleophilic Coupling with an Aryl
Amine. Synthesis of 4-(2-N-Methylcarbamyl-4-pyridyloxy)aniline
##STR00011##
Step 1a. Synthesis of 4-chloro-N-methyl-2-pyridinecarboxamide Via
the Menisci Reaction
[0078] Caution: this is a highly hazardous, potentially explosive
reaction. To a stirring solution of 4-chloropyridine (10.0 g) in
N-methylformamide (250 mL) at room temp. was added cone. H.sub.2
SO.sub.4 (3.55 mL) to generate an exotherm. To this mixture was
added H.sub.2O.sub.2 (30% wt in H.sub.2O, 17 mL) followed by
FeSO.sub.4.7H.sub.2O (0.56 g) to generate another exotherm. The
resulting mixture was stirred in the dark at room temp. for 1 h,
then warmed slowly over 4 h to 45.degree. C. When bubbling had
subsided, the reaction was heated at 60.degree. C. for 16 h. The
resulting opaque brown solution was diluted with H.sub.2O (700 mL)
followed by a 10% NaOH solution (250 mL). The resulting mixture was
extracted with EtOAc (3.times.500 mL). The organic phases were
washed separately with a saturated NaCl solution (3.times.150 mL),
then they were combined, dried (MgSO.sub.4) and filtered through a
pad of silica gel with the aid of EtOAc. The resulting brown oil
was purified by column chromatography (gradient from 50% EtOAc/50%
hexane to 80% EtOAc/20% hexane). The resulting yellow oil
crystallized at 0.degree. C. over 72 h to give
4-chloro-N-methyl-2-pyridinecarboxamide (0.61 g, 5.3%): TLC (50%
EtOAc/50% hexane) R.sub.f 0.50; .sup.1H NMR (CDCl.sub.3) .delta.
3.04 (d, J=5.1 Hz, 3H), 7.43 (dd, J=5.4, 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.96 (br s,
1H), 8.21 (s, 1H), 8.44 (d, J=5.1 Hz, 1H); CI-MS m/z 171
((M+H).sup.+).
##STR00012##
Step 1b. Synthesis of 4-chloropyridine-2-carbonyl chloride HCl Salt
Via Picolinic Acid
[0079] Anhydrous DMF (6.0 mL) was slowly added to SOCl.sub.2 (180
mL) between 40.degree. and 50.degree. C. The solution was stirred
in that temperature range for 10 min. then picolinic acid (60.0 g,
487 mmol) was added in portions over 30 min. The resulting solution
was heated at 72.degree. C. (vigorous SO.sub.2 evolution) for 16 h
to generate a yellow solid precipitate. The resulting mixture was
cooled to room temp., diluted with toluene (500 mL) and
concentrated to 200 mL. The toluene addition/concentration process
was repeated twice. The resulting nearly dry residue was filtered
and the solids were washed with toluene (2.times.200 mL) and dried
under high vacuum for 4 h to afford 4-chloropyridine-2-carbonyl
chloride HCl salt as a yellow-orange solid (92.0 g, 89%).
##STR00013##
Step 2. Synthesis of methyl 4-chloropyridine-2-carboxylate HCl
Salt
[0080] Anh DMF (10.0 mL) was slowly added to SOCl.sub.2 (300 mL) at
40-48.degree. C. The solution was stirred at that temp. range for
10 min., then picolinic acid (100 g, 812 mmol) was added over 30
min. The resulting solution was heated at 72.degree. C. (vigorous
SO.sub.2 evolution) for 16 h to generate a yellow solid. The
resulting mixture was cooled to room temp., diluted with toluene
(500 mL) and concentrated to 200 mL. The toluene
addition/concentration process was repeated twice. The resulting
nearly dry residue was filtered, and the solids were washed with
toluene (50 mL) and dried under high vacuum for 4 hours to afford
4-chloropyridine-2-carbonyl chloride HCl salt as an off-white solid
(27.2 g, 16%). This material was set aside.
[0081] The red filtrate was added to MeOH (200 mL) at a rate which
kept the internal temperature below 55.degree. C. The contents were
stirred at room temp. for 45 min., cooled to 5.degree. C. and
treated with Et.sub.2O (200 mL) dropwise. The resulting solids were
filtered, washed with Et.sub.2O (200 mL) and dried under reduced
pressure at 35.degree. C. to provide methyl
4-chloropyridine-2-carboxylate HCl salt as a white solid (110 g,
65%): mp 108-112.degree. C.; .sup.1H-NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6) .delta.
3.88 (s, 3H); 7.82 (dd, J=5.5, 2.2 Hz, 1H); 8.08 (d, J=2.2 Hz, 1H);
8.68 (d, J=5.5 Hz, 1H); 10.68 (br s, 1H); HPLC ES-MS m/z 172
((M+H).sup.+).
##STR00014##
Step 3a. Synthesis of 4-chloro-N-methyl-2-pyridinecarboxamide from
methyl 4-chloropyridine-2-carboxylate
[0082] A suspension of methyl 4-chloropyridine-2-carboxylate HCl
salt (89.0 g, 428 mmol) in MeOH (75 mL) at 0.degree. C. was treated
with a 2.0 M methylamine solution in THF (1 L) at a rate which kept
the internal temp. below 5.degree. C. The resulting mixture was
stored at 3.degree. C. for 5 h, then concentrated under reduced
pressure. The resulting solids were suspended in EtOAc (1 L) and
filtered. The filtrate was washed with a saturated NaCl solution
(500 mL), dried (Na.sub.2SO.sub.4) and concentrated under reduced
pressure to afford 4-chloro-N-methyl-2-pyridinecarboxamide as
pale-yellow crystals (71.2 g, 97%): mp 41-43.degree. C.;
.sup.1H-NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6) .delta. 2.81 (s, 3H), 7.74 (dd, J=5.1,
2.2 Hz, 1H), 8.00 (d, J=2.2, 1H), 8.61 (d, J=5.1 Hz, 1H), 8.85 (br
d, 1H); CI-MS m/z 171 ((M+H).sup.+).
##STR00015##
Step 3b. Synthesis of 4-chloro-N-methyl-2-pyridinecarboxamide from
4-chloropyridine-2-carbonyl chloride
[0083] 4-Chloropyridine-2-carbonyl chloride HCl salt (7.0 g, 32.95
mmol) was added in portions to a mixture of a 2.0 M methylamine
solution in THF (100 mL) and MeOH (20 mL) at 0.degree. C. The
resulting mixture was stored at 3.degree. C. for 4 h, then
concentrated under reduced pressure. The resulting nearly dry
solids were suspended in EtOAc (100 mL) and filtered. The filtrate
was washed with a saturated NaCl solution (2.times.100 mL), dried
(Na.sub.2SO.sub.4) and concentrated under reduced pressure to
provide 4-chloro-N-methyl-2-pyridinecarboxamide as a yellow,
crystalline solid (4.95 g, 88%): mp 37-400.degree. C.
##STR00016##
Step 4. Synthesis of
4-(2-(N-methylcarbamoyl)-4-pyridyloxy)aniline
[0084] A solution of 4-aminophenol (9.60 g, 88.0 mmol) in anh. DMF
(150 mL) was treated with potassium tert-butoxide (10.29 g, 91.7
mmol), and the reddish-brown mixture was stirred at room temp. for
2 h. The contents were treated with
4-chloro-N-methyl-2-pyridinecarboxamide (15.0 g, 87.9 mmol) and
K.sub.2CO.sub.3 (6.50 g, 47.0 mmol) and then heated at 80.degree.
C. for 8 h. The mixture was cooled to room temp. and separated
between EtOAc (500 mL) and a saturated NaCl solution (500 mL). The
aqueous phase was back-extracted with EtOAc (300 mL). The combined
organic layers were washed with a saturated NaCl solution
(4.times.1000 mL), dried (Na.sub.2SO.sub.4) and concentrated under
reduced pressure. The resulting solids were dried under reduced
pressure at 35.degree. C. for 3 h to afford
4-(2-(N-methylcarbamoyl)-4-pyridyloxy)aniline as a light-brown
solid 17.9 g, 84%): .sup.1H-NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6) .delta. 2.77 (d,
J=4.8 Hz, 3H), 5.17 (br s, 2H), 6.64, 6.86 (AA'BB' quartet, J=8.4
Hz, 4H), 7.06 (dd, J=5.5, 2.5 Hz, 1H), 7.33 (d, J=2.5 Hz, 1H), 8.44
(d, J=5.5 Hz, 1H), 8.73 (br d, 1H); HPLC ES-MS m/z 244
((M+H).sup.+).
A3. General Method for the Synthesis of Anilines by Nucleophilic
Aromatic Addition Followed by Nitroarene Reduction. Synthesis of
5-(4-Aminophen oxy)isoindoline-1,3-dione
##STR00017##
Step 1. Synthesis of 5-hydroxyisoindoline-1,3-dione
[0085] To a mixture of ammonium carbonate (5.28 g, 54.9 mmol) in
cone. AcOH (25 mL) was slowly added 4-hydroxyphthalic acid (5.0 g,
27.45 mmol). The resulting mixture was heated at 120.degree. C. for
45 min., then the clear, bright yellow mixture was heated at
160.degree. C. for 2 h. The resulting mixture was maintained at
160.degree. C. and was concentrated to approximately 15 mL, then
was cooled to room temp. and adjusted pH 10 with a 1N NaOH
solution. This mixture was cooled to 0.degree. C. and slowly
acidified to pH 5 using a 1N HCl solution. The resultant
precipitate was collected by filtration and dried under reduced
pressure to yield 5-hydroxyisoindoline-1,3-dione as a pale yellow
powder as product (3.24 g, 72%): .sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6) .delta.
7.00-7.03 (m, 2H), 7.56 (d, J=9.3 Hz, 1H).
##STR00018##
Step 2. Synthesis of 5-(4-nitrophenoxy)isoindoline-1,3-dione
[0086] To a stirring slurry of NaH (1.1 g, 44.9 mmol) in DMF (40
mL) at 0.degree. C. was added a solution of
5-hydroxyisoindoline-1,3-dione (3.2 g, 19.6 mmol) in DMF (40 mL)
dropwise. The bright yellow-green mixture was allowed to return to
room temp. and was stirred for 1 h, then 1-fluoro-4-nitrobenzene
(2.67 g, 18.7 mmol) was added via syringe in 3-4 portions. The
resulting mixture was heated at 70.degree. C. overnight, then
cooled to room temp. and diluted slowly with water (150 mL), and
extracted with EtOAc (2.times.100 mL). The combined organic layers
were dried (MgSO.sub.4) and concentrated under reduced pressure to
give 5-(4-nitrophenoxy)isoindoline-1,3-dione as a yellow solid (3.3
g, 62%): TLC (30% EtOAc/70% hexane) R.sub.f 0.28; .sup.1H NMR
(DMSO-d.sub.6) .delta. 7.32 (d, J=12 Hz, 2H), 7.52-7.57 (m, 2H),
7.89 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 8.29 (d, J=9 Hz, 2H), 11.43 (br s, 1H);
CI-MS m/z 285 ((M+H).sup.+, 100%).
##STR00019##
Step 3. Synthesis of 5-(4-aminophenoxy)isoindoline-1,3-dione
[0087] A solution of 5-(4-nitrophenoxy)isoindoline-1,3-dione (0.6
g, 2.11 mmol) in conc. AcOH (12 mL) and water (0.1 mL) was stirred
under stream of argon while iron powder (0.59 g, 55.9 mmol) was
added slowly. This mixture stirred at room temp. for 72 h, then was
diluted with water (25 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (3.times.50
mL). The combined organic layers were dried (MgSO.sub.4) and
concentrated under reduced pressure to give
5-(4-aminophenoxy)isoindoline-1,3-dione as a brownish solid (0.4 g,
75%): TLC (50% EtOAc/50% hexane) R.sub.f 0.27; .sup.1H NMR
(DMSO-d.sub.6) .delta. 5.14 (br s, 2H), 6.62 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 2H),
6.84 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 2H), 7.03 (d, J=2.1 Hz, 1H), 7.23 (dd, 1H), 7.75
(d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 11.02 (s, 1H); HPLC ES-MS m/z 255 ((M+H).sup.+,
100%).
A4. General Method for the Synthesis of Pyrrolylanilines. Synthesis
of 5-tert-Butyl-2-(2,5-dimethylpyrrolyl)aniline
##STR00020##
Step 1. Synthesis of
1-(4-tert-butyl-2-nitrophenyl)-2,5-dimethylpyrrole
[0088] To a stirring solution of 2-nitro-4-tert-butylaniline (0.5
g, 2.57 mmol) in cyclohexane (10 mL) was added AcOH (0.1 mL) and
acetonylacetone (0.299 g, 2.63 mmol) via syringe. The reaction
mixture was heated at 120.degree. C. for 72 h with azeotropic
removal of volatiles. The reaction mixture was cooled to room
temp., diluted with CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 (10 mL) and sequentially
washed with a 1N HCl solution (15 mL), a 1N NaOH solution (15 mL)
and a saturated NaCl solution (15 mL), dried (MgSO.sub.4) and
concentrated under reduced pressure. The resulting orange-brown
solids were purified via column chromatography (60 g SiO.sub.2;
gradient from 6% EtOAc/94% hexane to 25% EtOAc/75% hexane) to give
1-(4-tert-butyl-2-nitrophenyl)-2,5-dimethylpyrrole as an
orange-yellow solid (0.34 g, 49%): TLC (15% EtOAc/85% hexane)
R.sub.f 0.67; .sup.1H NMR (CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 1.34 (s, 9H), 1.89
(s, 6H), 5.84 (s, 2H), 7.19-7.24 (m, 1H), 7.62 (dd, 1H), 7.88 (d,
J=2.4 Hz, 1H); CI-MS m/z 273 ((M+H).sup.+, 50%).
##STR00021##
Step 2. Synthesis of
5-tert-Butyl-2-(2,5-dimethylpyrrolyl)aniline
[0089] A slurry of
1-(4-tert-butyl-2-nitrophenyl)-2,5-dimethylpyrrole (0.341 g, 1.25
mmol), 10% Pd/C (0.056 g) and EtOAc (50 mL) under an H.sub.2
atmosphere (balloon) was stirred for 72 h, then filtered through a
pad of Celite.RTM.. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced
pressure to give 5-tert-butyl-2-(2,5-dimethylpyrrolyl)aniline as
yellowish solids (0.30 g, 99%): TLC (10% EtOAc/90% hexane) R.sub.f
0.43; .sup.1H NMR (CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 1.28 (s, 9H), 1.87-1.91 (m,
8H), 5.85 (br s, 2H), 6.73-6.96 (m, 3H), 7.28 (br s, 1H).
A5. General Method for the Synthesis of Anilines from Anilines by
Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution. Synthesis of
4-(2-(N-Methylcarbamoyl)-4-pyridyloxy)-2-methylaniline HCl Salt
##STR00022##
[0090] A solution of 4-amino-3-methylphenol (5.45 g, 44.25 mmol) in
dry dimethylacetamide (75 mL) was treated with potassium
tert-butoxide (10.86 g, 96.77 mmol) and the black mixture was
stirred at room temp. until the flask had reached room temp. The
contents were then treated with
4-chloro-N-methyl-2-pyridinecarboxamide (Method A2, Step 3b; 7.52
g, 44.2 mmol) and heated at 110.degree. C. for 8 h. The mixture was
cooled to room temp. and diluted with water (75 mL). The organic
layer was extracted with EtOAc (5.times.100 mL). The combined
organic layers were washed with a saturated NaCl solution (200 mL),
dried (MgSO.sub.4) and concentrated under reduced pressure. The
residual black oil was treated with Et.sub.2O (50 mL) and
sonicated. The solution was then treated with HC (1 M in Et.sub.2O;
100 mL) and stirred at room temp. for 5 min. The resulting dark
pink solid (7.04 g, 24.1 mmol) was removed by filtration from
solution and stored under anaerobic conditions at 0.degree. C.
prior to use: .sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d) .delta. 2.41 (s, 3H), 2.78 (d,
J=4.4 Hz, 3H), 4.93 (br s, 2H), 7.19 (dd, J=8.5, 2.6 Hz, 1H), 7.23
(dd, J=5.5, 2.6 Hz, 1H), 7.26 (d, J=2.6 Hz, 1H), 7.55 (d, J=2.6 Hz,
1H), 7.64 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 8.55 (d, J=5.9 Hz, 1H), 8.99 (q, J=4.8
Hz, 1H).
A6. General Method for the Synthesis of Anilines from
Hydroxyanilines by N-Protection, Nucleophilic Aromatric
Substitution and Deprotection. Synthesis of
4-(2-(N-Methylcarbamoyl)-4-pyridyloxy)-2-chloroaniline
##STR00023##
Step 1: Synthesis of
3-Chloro-4-(2,2,2-trifluoroacetylamino)phenol
[0091] Iron (3.24 g, 58.00 mmol) was added to stirring TFA (200
mL). To this slurry was added 2-chloro-4-nitrophenol (10.0 g, 58.0
mmol) and trifluoroacetic anhydride (20 mL). This gray slurry was
stirred at room temp. for 6 d. The iron was filtered from solution
and the remaining material was concentrated under reduced pressure.
The resulting gray solid was dissolved in water (20 mL). To the
resulting yellow solution was added a saturated NaHCO.sub.3
solution (50 mL). The solid which precipitated from solution was
removed. The filtrate was slowly quenched with the sodium
bicarbonate solution until the product visibly separated from
solution (determined was using a mini work-up vial). The slightly
cloudy yellow solution was extracted with EtOAc (3.times.125 mL).
The combined organic layers were washed with a saturated NaCl
solution (125 mL), dried (MgSO.sub.4) and concentrated under
reduced pressure. The .sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6) indicated a 1:1
ratio of the nitrophenol starting material and the intended product
3-chloro-4-(2,2,2-trifluoroacetylamino)phenol. The crude material
was taken on to the next step without further purification.
##STR00024##
Step 2: Synthesis of
4-(2-(N-Methylcarbamoyl)-4-pyridyloxy)-2-chlorophenyl
(222-trifluoro)acetamide
[0092] A solution of crude
3-chloro-4-(2,2,2-trifluoroacetylamino)phenol (5.62 g, 23.46 mmol)
in dry dimethylacetamide (50 mL) was treated with potassium
tert-butoxide (5.16 g, 45.98 mmol) and the brownish black mixture
was stirred at room temp. until the flask had cooled to room temp.
The resulting mixture was treated with
4-chloro-N-methyl-2-pyridinecarboxamide (Method A2, Step 3b; 1.99
g, 11.7 mmol) and heated at 100.degree. C. under argon for 4 d. The
black reaction mixture was cooled to room temp. and then poured
into cold water (100 mL). The mixture was extracted with EtOAc
(3.times.75 mL) and the combined organic layers were concentrated
under reduced pressure. The residual brown oil was purified by
column chromatography (gradient from 20% EtOAc/pet. ether to 40%
EtOAc/pet. ether) to yield
4-(2-(N-Methylcarbamoyl)-4-pyridyloxy)-2-chlorophenyl
(222-trifluoro)acetamide as a yellow solid (8.59 g, 23.0 mmol).
##STR00025##
Step 3. Synthesis of
4-(2-(N-Methylcarbamoyl)-4-pyridyloxy)-2-chloroaniline
[0093] A solution of crude
4-(2-(N-Methylcarbamoyl)-4-pyridyloxy)-2-chlorophenyl
(222-trifluoro)acetamide (8.59 g, 23.0 mmol) in dry 4-dioxane (20
mL) was treated with a 1N NaOH solution (20 mL). This brown
solution was allowed to stir for 8 h. To this solution was added
EtOAc (40 mL). The green organic layer was extracted with EtOAc
(3.times.40 mL) and the solvent was concentrated to yield
4-(2-(N-Methylcarbamoyl)-4-pyridyloxy)-2-chloroaniline as a green
oil that solidified upon standing (2.86 g, 10.30 mmol): .sup.1H NMR
(DMSO-d.sub.6) .delta. 2.77 (d, J=4.8 Hz, 3H), 5.51 (s, 2H), 6.60
(dd, J=8.5, 2.6 Hz, 1H), 6.76 (d, J=2.6 Hz, 1H), 7.03 (d, J=8.5 Hz,
1H), 7.07 (dd, J=5.5, 2.6, Hz, 1H), 7.27 (d, J=2.6 Hz, 1H), 8.46
(d, J=5.5 Hz, 1H), 8.75 (q, J=4.8, 1H).
A7. General Method for the Deprotection of an Acylated Aniline.
Synthesis of 4-Chloro-2-methoxy-5-(trifluoromethyl)aniline
##STR00026##
[0094] A suspension of
3-chloro-6-(N-acetyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)anisole (4.00 g, 14.95
mmol) in a 6M HCl solution (24 mL) was heated at the reflux temp.
for 1 h. The resulting solution was allowed to cool to room temp.
during which time it solidified slightly. The resulting mixture was
diluted with water (20 mL) then treated with a combination of solid
NaOH and a saturated NaHCO.sub.3 solution until the solution was
basic. The organic layer was extracted with CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2
(3.times.50 mL). The combined organics were dried (MgSO.sub.4) and
concentrated under reduced pressure to yield
4-chloro-2-methoxy-5-(trifluoromethyl)aniline as a brown oil (3.20
g, 14.2 mmol): .sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6) .delta. 3.84 (s, 3H),
5.30 (s, 2H), 7.01 (s, 2H).
A8. General Method for Synthesis of
.omega.-Alkoxy-.omega.-carboxyphenyl Anilines. Synthesis of
4-(3-(N-Methylcarbamoly)-4-methoxyphenoxy)aniline.
##STR00027##
Step 1. 4-(3-Methoxycarbonyl-4-methoxyphenoxy)-1-nitrobenzene
[0095] To a solution of
4-(3-carboxy-4-hydroxyphenoxy)-1-nitrobenzene (prepared from
2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid in a manner analogous to that described
in Method A13, Step 1, 12 mmol) in acetone (50 mL) was added
K.sub.2CO.sub.3 (5 g) and dimethyl sulfate (3.5 mL). The resulting
mixture was heated at the reflux temp. overnight, then cooled to
room temp. and filtered through a pad of Celite.RTM.. The resulting
solution was concentrated under reduced pressure, absorbed onto
SiO.sub.2, and purified by column chromatography (50% EtOAc/50%
hexane) to give
4-(3-methoxycarbonyl-4-methoxyphenoxy)-1-nitrobenzene as a yellow
powder (3 g): mp 115-118.degree. C.
##STR00028##
Step 2. 4-(3-Carboxy-4-methoxyphenoxy)-1-nitrobenzene
[0096] A mixture of
4-(3-methoxycarbonyl-4-methoxyphenoxy)-1-nitrobenzene (1.2 g), KOH
(0.33 g) and water (5 mL) in MeOH (45 mL) was stirred at room temp.
overnight and then heated at the reflux temp. for 4 h. The
resulting mixture was cooled to room temp. and concentrated under
reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved in water (50 mL), and
the aqueous mixture was made acidic with a 1N HCl solution. The
resulting mixture was extracted with EtOAc (50 mL). The organic
layer was dried (MgSO.sub.4) and concentrated under reduced
pressure to give 4-(3-carboxy-4-methoxyphenoxy)-1-nitrobenzene
(1.04 g).
##STR00029##
Step 3.
4-(3-(N-Methylcarbamoly)-4-methoxyphenoxy)-1-nitrobenzene
[0097] To a solution of
4-(3-carboxy-4-methoxyphenoxy)-1-nitrobenzene (0.50 g, 1.75 mmol)
in CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 (12 mL) was added SOCl.sub.2 (0.64 mL, 8.77
mmol) in portions. The resulting solution was heated at the reflux
temp. for 18 h, cooled to room temp., and concentrated under
reduced pressure. The resulting yellow solids were dissolved in
CH.sub.2C.sub.2 (3 mL) then the resulting solution was treated with
a methylamine solution (2.0 M in THF, 3.5 mL, 7.02 mmol) in
portions (CAUTION: gas evolution), and stirred at room temp. for 4
h. The resulting mixture was treated with a 1N NaOH solution, then
extracted with CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 (25 mL). The organic layer was
dried (Na.sub.2SO.sub.4) and concentrated under reduced pressure to
give 4-(3-(N-methylcarbamoly)-4-methoxyphenoxy)-1-nitrobenzene as a
yellow solid (0.50 g, 95%).
##STR00030##
Step 4. 4-(3-(N-Methylcarbamoly)-4-methoxyphenoxy)aniline
[0098] A slurry of
4-(3-(N-methylcarbamoly)-4-methoxyphenoxy)-1-nitrobenzene (0.78 g,
2.60 mmol) and 10% Pd/C (0.20 g) in EtOH (55 mL) was stirred under
1 atm of H.sub.2 (balloon) for 2.5 d, then was filtered through a
pad of Celite.RTM.. The resulting solution was concentrated under
reduced pressure to afford
4-(3-(N-methylcarbamoly)-4-methoxyphenoxy)aniline as an off-white
solid (0.68 g, 96%): TLC (0.1% Et.sub.3N/99.9% EtOAc) R.sub.f
0.36.
A9. General Method for Preparation of
.omega.-Alkylphthalimide-containing Anilines. Synthesis of
5-(4-Aminophenoxy)-2-methylisoindoline-1,3-dione
##STR00031##
Step 1. Synthesis of
5-(4-Nitrophenoxy)-2-methylisoindoline-1,3-dione
[0099] A slurry of 5-(4-nitrophenoxy)isoindoline-1,3-dione (A3 Step
2; 1.0 g, 3.52 mmol) and NaH (0.13 g, 5.27 mmol) in DMF (15 mL) was
stirred at room temp. for 1 h, then treated with methyl iodide (0.3
mL, 4.57 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred at room temp.
overnight, then was cooled to .degree. C. and treated with water
(10 mL). The resulting solids were collected and dried under
reduced pressure to give
5-(4-nitrophenoxy)-2-methylisoindoline-1,3-dione as a bright yellow
solid (0.87 g, 83%): TLC (35% EtOAc/65% hexane) R.sub.f 0.61.
##STR00032##
Step 2. Synthesis of
5-(4-Aminophenoxy)-2-methylisoindoline-1,3-dione
[0100] A slurry of nitrophenoxy)-2-methylisoindoline-1,3-dione
(0.87 g, 2.78 mmol) and 10% Pd/C (0.10 g) in MeOH was stirred under
1 atm of H.sub.2 (balloon) overnight. The resulting mixture was
filtered through a pad of Celite.RTM. and concentrated under
reduced pressure. The resulting yellow solids were dissolved in
EtOAc (3 mL) and filtered through a plug of SiO.sub.2 (60%
EtOAc/40% hexane) to afford
5-(4-aminophenoxy)-2-methylisoindoline-1,3-dione as a yellow solid
(0.67 g, 86%): TLC (40% EtOAc/60% hexane) R.sub.f 0.27.
A10. General Method for Synthesis of .omega.-Carbamoylaryl Anilines
Through Reaction of .omega.-Alkoxycarbonylaryl Precursors with
Amines. Synthesis of
4-(2-(N-(2-morpholin-4-ylethyl)carbamoyl)pyridyloxy)aniline
##STR00033##
Step 1. Synthesis of
4-Chloro-2-(N-(2-morpholin-4-ylethyl)carbamoyl)pyridine
[0101] To a solution of methyl 4-chloropyridine-2-carboxylate HCl
salt (Method A2, Step 2; 1.01 g, 4.86 mmol) in THF (20 mL) was
added 4-(2-aminoethyl)morpholine (2.55 mL, 19.4 mmol) dropwise and
the resulting solution was heated at the reflux temp. for 20 h,
cooled to room temp., and treated with water (50 mL). The resulting
mixture was extracted with EtOAc (50 mL). The organic layer was
dried (MgSO.sub.4) and concentrated under reduced pressure to
afford 4-chloro-2-(N-(2-morpholin-4-ylethyl)carbamoyl)pyridine as a
yellow oil (1.25 g, 95%): TLC (10% MeOH/90% EtOAc) R.sub.f
0.50.
##STR00034##
Step 2. Synthesis of
4-(2-(N-(2-Morpholin-4-ylethyl)carbamoyl)pyridyloxy)aniline
[0102] A solution of 4-aminophenol (0.49 g, 4.52 mmol) and
potassium tert-butoxide (0.53 g, 4.75 mol) in DMF (8 mL) was
stirred at room temp. for 2 h, then was sequentially treated with
4-chloro-2-(N-(2-morpholin-4-ylethyl)carbamoyl)pyridine (1.22 g,
4.52 mmol) and K.sub.2CO.sub.3 (0.31 g, 2.26 mmol). The resulting
mixture was heated at 75.degree. C. overnight, cooled to room
temp., and separated between EtOAc (25 mL) and a saturated NaCl
solution (25 mL). The aqueous layer was back extracted with EtOAc
(25 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with a saturated
NaCl solution (3.times.25 mL) and concentrated under reduced
pressure. The resulting brown solids were purified by column
chromatography (58 g; gradient from 100% EtOAc to 25% MeOH/75%
EtOAc) to afford
4-(2-(N-(2-morpholin-4-ylethyl)carbamoyl)pyridyloxy)aniline (1.0 g,
65%): TLC (10% MeOH/90% EtOAc) R.sub.f 0.32.
A11. General Method for the Reduction of Nitroarenes to Arylamines.
Synthesis of 4-(3-Carboxyphenoxy)aniline.
##STR00035##
[0103] A slurry of 4-(3-carboxyphenoxy)-1-nitrobenzene (5.38 g,
20.7 mmol) and 10% Pd/C (0.50 g) in MeOH (120 mL) was stirred under
an H.sub.2 atmosphere (balloon) for 2 d. The resulting mixture was
filtered through a pad of Celite.RTM., then concentrated under
reduced pressure to afford 4-(3-carboxyphenoxy)aniline as a brown
solid (2.26 g, 48%): TLC (10% MeOH/90% CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2) R.sub.f
0.44 (streaking).
A12. General Method for the Synthesis of Isoindolinone-Containing
Anilines. Synthesis of 4-(1-Oxoisoindolin-5-yloxy)aniline.
##STR00036##
Step 1. Synthesis of 5-hydroxyisoindolin-1-one
[0104] To a solution of 5-hydroxyphthalimide (19.8 g, 121 mmol) in
AcOH (500 mL) was slowly added zinc dust (47.6 g, 729 mmol) in
portions, then the mixture was heated at the reflux temp. for 40
min., filtered hot, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The
reaction was repeated on the same scale and the combined oily
residue was purified by column chromatography (1.1 Kg SiO.sub.2;
gradient from 60% EtOAc/40% hexane to 25% MeOH/75% EtOAc) to give
5-hydroxyisoindolin-1-one (3.77 g): TLC (100% EtOAc) R.sub.f 0.17;
HPLC ES-MS m/z 150 ((M+H).sup.+).
##STR00037##
Step 2. Synthesis of 4-(1-isoindolinon-5-yloxy)-1-nitrobenzene
[0105] To a slurry of NaH (0.39 g, 16.1 mmol) in DMF at 0.degree.
C. was added 5-hydroxyisoindolin-1-one (2.0 g, 13.4 mmol) in
portions. The resulting slurry was allowed to warm to room temp.
and was stirred for 45 min., then 4-fluoro-1-nitrobenzene was added
and then mixture was heated at 70.degree. C. for 3 h. The mixture
was cooled to 0.degree. C. and treated with water dropwise until a
precipitate formed. The resulting solids were collected to give
4-(1-isoindolinon-5-yloxy)-1-nitrobenzene as a dark yellow solid
(3.23 g, 89%): TLC (100% EtOAc) R.sub.f 0.35.
##STR00038##
Step 3. Synthesis of 4-(1-oxoisoindolin-5-yloxy)aniline
[0106] A slurry of 4-(1-isoindolinon-5-yloxy)-1-nitrobenzene (2.12
g, 7.8 mmol) and 10% Pd/C (0.20 g) in EtOH (50 mL) was stirred
under an H.sub.2 atmosphere (balloon) for 4 h, then filtered
through a pad of Celite.RTM.. The filtrate was concentrated under
reduced pressure to afford 4-(1-oxoisoindolin-5-yloxy)aniline as a
dark yellow solid: TLC (100% EtOAc) R.sub.f 0.15.
A13. General Method for the Synthesis of .omega.-Carbamoyl Anilines
via EDCI-Mediated Amide Formation Followed by Nitroarene Reduction.
Synthesis of 4-(3-N-Methylcarbamoylphenoxy)aniline.
##STR00039##
Step 1. Synthesis of 4-(3-ethoxycarbonylphenoxy)-1-nitrobenzene
[0107] A mixture of 4-fluoro-1-nitrobenzene (16 mL, 150 mmol),
ethyl 3-hydroxybenzoate 25 g, 150 mmol) and K.sub.2CO.sub.3 (41 g,
300 mmol) in DMF (125 mL) was heated at the reflux temp. overnight,
cooled to room temp. and treated with water (250 mL). The resulting
mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3.times.150 mL). The combined
organic phases were sequentially washed with water (3.times.100 mL)
and a saturated NaCl solution (2.times.100 mL), dried
(Na.sub.2SO.sub.4) and concentrated under reduced pressure. The
residue was purified by column chromatography (10% EtOAc/90%
hexane) to afford 4-(3-ethoxycarbonylphenoxy)-1-nitrobenzene as an
oil (38 g).
##STR00040##
Step 2. Synthesis of 4-(3-carboxyphenoxy)-1-nitrobenzene
[0108] To a vigorously stirred mixture of
4-(3-ethoxycarbonylphenoxy)-1-nitrobenzene (5.14 g, 17.9 mmol) in a
3:1 THF/water solution (75 mL) was added a solution LiOH.H.sub.2O
(1.50 g, 35.8 mmol) in water (36 mL). The resulting mixture was
heated at 50.degree. C. overnight, then cooled to room temp.,
concentrated under reduced pressure, and adjusted to pH 2 with a 1M
HCl solution. The resulting bright yellow solids were removed by
filtration and washed with hexane to give
4-(3-carboxyphenoxy)-1-nitrobenzene (4.40 g, 95%).
##STR00041##
Step 3. Synthesis of
4-(3-(N-methylcarbamoyl)phenoxy)-1-nitrobenzene
[0109] A mixture of 4-(3-carboxyphenoxy)-1-nitrobenzene (3.72 g,
14.4 mmol), EDCI.HCl (3.63 g, 18.6 mmol), N-methylmorpholine (1.6
mL, 14.5 mmol) and methylamine (2.0 M in THF; 8 mL, 16 mmol) in
CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 (45 mL) was stirred at room temp. for 3 d, then
concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved in
EtOAc (50 mL) and the resulting mixture was extracted with a 1M HCl
solution (50 mL). The aqueous layer was back-extracted with EtOAc
(2.times.50 nm). The combined organic phases were washed with a
saturated NaCl solution (50 mL), dried (Na.sub.2SO.sub.4), and
concentrated under reduced pressure to give
4-(3-(N-methylcarbamoyl)phenoxy)-1-nitrobenzene as an oil (1.89
g).
##STR00042##
Step 4. Synthesis of 4-(3-(N-methylcarbamoyl)phenoxy)aniline
[0110] A slurry of 4-(3-(N-methylcarbamoyl)phenoxy)-1-nitrobenzene
(1.89 g, 6.95 mmol) and 5% Pd/C (0.24 g) in EtOAc (20 mL) was
stirred under an H.sub.2 atm (balloon) overnight. The resulting
mixture was filtered through a pad of Celite.RTM. and concentrated
under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by column
chromatography (5% MeOH/95% CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2). The resulting oil
solidified under vacuum overnight to give
4-(3-(N-methylcarbamoyl)phenoxy)aniline as a yellow solid (0.95 g,
56%).
A14. General Method for the Synthesis of .omega.-Carbamoyl Anilines
via EDCI-Mediated Amide Formation Followed by Nitroarene Reduction.
Synthesis of 4-3-(5-Methylcarbamoyl)pyridyloxy)aniline
##STR00043##
Step 1. Synthesis of
4-(3-(5-methoxycarbonyl)pyridyloxy)-1-nitrobenzene
[0111] To a slurry of NaH (0.63 g, 26.1 mmol) in DMF (20 mL) was
added a solution of methyl 5-hydroxynicotinate (2.0 g, 13.1 mmol)
in DMF (10 mL). The resulting mixture was added to a solution of
4-fluoronitrobenzene (1.4 mL, 13.1 mmol) in DMF (10 mL) and the
resulting mixture was heated at 70.degree. C. overnight, cooled to
room temp., and treated with MeOH (5 mL) followed by water (50 mL).
The resulting mixture was extracted with EtOAc (100 mL). The
organic phase was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue
was purified by column chromatography (30% EtOAc/70% hexane) to
afford 4-(3-(5-methoxycarbonyl)pyridyloxy)-1-nitrobenzene (0.60
g).
##STR00044##
Step 2. Synthesis of 4-(3-(5-methoxycarbonyl)pyridyloxy)aniline
[0112] A slurry of
4-(3-(5-methoxycarbonyl)pyridyloxy)-1-nitrobenzene (0.60 g, 2.20
mmol) and 10% Pd/C in MeOH/EtOAc was stirred under an H.sub.2
atmosphere (balloon) for 72 h. The resulting mixture was filtered
and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The
residue was purified by column chromatography (gradient from 10%
EtOAc/90% hexane to 30% EtOAc/70% hexane to 50% EtOAc/50% hexane)
to afford 4-(3-(5-methoxycarbonyl)pyridyloxy)aniline (0.28 g, 60%):
.sup.1H NMR (CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 3.92 (s, 3H), 6.71 (d, 2H), 6.89
(d, 2H), 7.73 (, 1H), 8.51 (d, 1H), 8.87 (d, 1H).
A15. Synthesis of an Aniline Via Electrophilic Nitration Followed
by Reduction. Synthesis of 4-(3-Methylsulfamoylphenoxy)aniline.
##STR00045##
Step 1. Synthesis of N-methyl-3-bromobenzenesulfonamide
[0113] To a solution of 3-bromobenzenesulfonyl chloride (2.5 g,
11.2 mmol) in THF (15 mL) at 0.degree. C. was added methylamine
(2.0 M in THF; 28 mL, 56 mmol). The resulting solution was allowed
to warm to room temp. and was stirred at room temp. overnight. The
resulting mixture was separated between EtOAc (25 mL) and a 1 M HCl
solution (25 mL). The aqueous phase was back-extracted with EtOAc
(2.times.25 mL). The combined organic phases were sequentially
washed with water (2.times.25 mL) and a saturated NaCl solution (25
mL), dried (MgSO.sub.4) and concentrated under reduced pressure to
give N-methyl-3-bromobenzenesulfonamide as a white solid (2.8 g,
99%).
##STR00046##
Step 2. Synthesis of 4-(3-(N-methylsulfamoyl)phenyloxy)benzene
[0114] To a slurry of phenol (1.9 g, 20 mmol), K.sub.2CO.sub.3 (6.0
g, 40 mmol), and CuI (4 g, 20 mmol) in DMF (25 mL) was added
N-methyl-3-bromobenzenesulfonamide (2.5 g, 10 mmol), and the
resulting mixture was stirred at the reflux temp. overnight, cooled
to room temp., and separated between EtOAc (50 mL) and a 1 N HCl
solution (50 mL). The aqueous layer was back-extracted with EtOAc
(2.times.50 mL). The combined organic phases were sequentially
washed with water (2.times.50 mL) and a saturated NaCl solution (50
mL), dried (MgSO.sub.4), and concentrated under reduced pressure.
The residual oil was purified by column chromatography (30%
EtOAc/70% hexane) to give 4-(3-(N-methylsulfamoyl)phenyloxy)benzene
(0.30 g).
##STR00047##
Step 3. Synthesis of
4-(3-(N-methylsulfamoyl)phenyloxy)-1-nitrobenzene
[0115] To a solution of 4-(3-(N-methylsulfamoyl)phenyloxy)benzene
(0.30 g, 1.14 mmol) in TFA (6 mL) at -10.degree. C. was added
NaNO.sub.2 (0.097 g, 1.14 mmol) in portions over 5 min. The
resulting solution was stirred at -10.degree. C. for 1 h, then was
allowed to warm to room temp., and was concentrated under reduced
pressure. The residue was separated between EtOAc (10 mL) and water
(10 mL). The organic phase was sequentially washed with water (10
mL) and a saturated NaCl solution (10 mL), dried (MgSO.sub.4) and
concentrated under reduced pressure to give
4-(3-(N-methylsulfamoyl)phenyloxy)-1-nitrobenzene (0.20 g). This
material carried on to the next step without further
purification.
##STR00048##
Step 4. Synthesis of 4-(3-(N-methylsulfamoyl)phenyloxy)aniline
[0116] A slurry of
4-(3-(N-methylsulfamoyl)phenyloxy)-1-nitrobenzene (0.30 g) and 10%
Pd/C (0.030 g) in EtOAc (20 mL) was stirred under an H.sub.2
atmosphere (balloon) overnight. The resulting mixture was filtered
through a pad of Celite.RTM.. The filtrate was concentrated under
reduced pressure. The residue was purified by column chromatography
(30% EtOAc/70% hexane) to give
4-(3-(N-methylsulfamoyl)phenyloxy)aniline (0.070 g).
A16. Modification of .omega.-ketones. Synthesis of
4-(4-(1-(N-methoxy)iminoethyl)phenoxyaniline HCl Salt.
##STR00049##
[0117] To a slurry of 4-(4-acetylphenoxy)aniline HCl salt (prepared
in a manner analogous to Method A13, step 4; 1.0 g, 3.89 mmol) in a
mixture of EtOH (10 mL) and pyridine (1.0 mL) was added
O-methylhydroxylamine HCl salt (0.65 g, 7.78 mmol, 2.0 equiv.). The
resulting solution was heated at the reflux temperature for 30 min,
cooled to room temperature and concentrated under reduced pressure.
The resulting solids were triturated with water (10 mL) and washed
with water to give 4-(4-(1-(N-methoxy)iminoethyl)phenoxyaniline HCl
salt as a yellow solid (0.85 g): TLC (50% EtOAc/50% pet. ether)
R.sub.f 0.78; .sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6) .delta. 3.90 (s, 3H), 5.70
(s, 3H); HPLC-MS m/z 257 ((M+H).sup.+).
A17. Synthesis of N-(.omega.-Silyloxyalkyl)amides. Synthesis of
4-(4-(2-(N-(2-Triisopropylsilyloxy)ethylcarbamoyl)pyridyloxyaniline.
##STR00050##
Step 1.
4-Chloro-N-(2-triisopropylsilyloxy)ethylpyridine-2-carboxamide
[0118] To a solution of
4-chloro-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)pyridine-2-carboxamide (prepared in a
manner analogous to Method A2, Step 3b; 1.5 g, 7.4 mmol) in anh DMF
(7 mL) was added triisopropylsilyl chloride (1.59 g, 8.2 mmol, 1.1
equiv.) and imidazole (1.12 g, 16.4 mmol, 2.2 equiv.). The
resulting yellow solution was stirred for 3 h at room temp, then
was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was separated
between water (10 mL) and EtOAc (10 mL). The aqueous layer was
extracted with EtOAc (3.times.10 mL). The combined organic phases
were dried (MgSO.sub.4), and concentrated under reduced pressure to
afford
4-chloro-2-(N-(2-triisopropylsilyloxy)ethyl)pyridinecarboxamide as
an orange oil (2.32 g, 88%). This material was used in the next
step without further purification.
##STR00051##
Step 2.
4-(4-(2-(N-(2-Triisopropylsilyloxy)ethylcarbamoyl)pyridyloxyanili-
ne
[0119] To a solution of 4-hydroxyaniline (0.70 g, 6.0 mmol) in anh
DMF (8 mL) was added potassium tert-butoxide (0.67 g, 6.0 mmol, 1.0
equiv.) in one portion causing an exothernm. When this mixture had
cooled to room temperature, a solution of
4-chloro-2-(N-(2-triisopropylsilyloxy)ethyl)pyridinecarboxamide
(2.32 g, 6 mmol, 1 equiv.) in DMF (4 mL) was added followed by
K.sub.2CO.sub.3 (0.42 g, 3.0 mmol, 0.50 equiv.). The resulting
mixture was heated at 80.degree. C. overnight. An additional
portion of potassium tert-butoxide (0.34 g, 3 mmol, 0.5 equiv.) was
then added and the mixture was stirred at 80.degree. C. an
additional 4 h. The mixture was cooled to 0.degree. C. with an
ice/water bath, then water (approx. 1 mL) was slowly added
dropwise. The organic layer was extracted with EtOAc (3.times.10
mL). The combined organic layers were washed with a saturated NaCl
solution (20 mL), dried (MgSO.sub.4) and concentrated under reduced
pressure. The brown oily residue was purified by column
chromatography (SiO.sub.2; 30% EtOAc/70% pet ether) to to afford
4-(4-(2-(N-(2-triisopropylsilyloxy)ethylcarbamoyl)pyridyloxyaniline
as a clear light brown oil (0.99 g, 38%).
A18. Synthesis of 2-Pryidinecarboxylate Esters Via Oxidation of
2-Methylpyridines. Synthesis of
4-(5-(2-methoxycarbonyl)pyridyloxy)aniline.
##STR00052##
Step 1. 4-(5-(2-Methyl)pyridyloxy)-1-nitrobenzene
[0120] A mixture of 5-hydroxy-2-methylpyridine (10.0 g, 91.6 mmol),
1-fluoro-4-nitrobenzene (9.8 mL, 91.6 mmol, 1.0 equiv.),
K.sub.2CO.sub.3 (25 g, 183 mmol, 2.0 equiv.) in DMF (100 mL) was
heated at the reflux temperature overnight. The resulting mixture
was cooled to room temperature, treated with water (200 mL), and
extracted with EtOAc (3.times.100 mL). The combined organic layers
were sequentially washed with water (2.times.100 mL) and a
saturated NaCl solution ((100 mL), dried (MgSO.sub.4) and
concentrated under reduced pressure to give
4-(5-(2-methyl)pyridyloxy)-1-nitrobenzene as a brown solid (12.3
g).
##STR00053##
Step 2. Synthesis of
4-(5-(2-Methoxycarbonyl)pyridyloxy)-1-nitrobenzene
[0121] A mixture of 4-(5-(2-methyl)pyridyloxy)-1-nitrobenzene (1.70
g, 7.39 mmol) and selenium dioxide (2.50 g, 22.2 mmol, 3.0 equiv.)
in pyridine (20 mL) was heated at the reflux temperature for 5 h,
then cooled to room temperature. The resulting slurry was filtered,
then concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved
in MeOH (100 mL). The solution was treated with a cone HCl solution
(7 mL), then heated at the reflux temperature for 3 h, cooled to
room temperature and concentrated under reduced pressure. The
residue was separated between EtOAc (50 mL) and a 1N NaOH solution
(50 mL). The aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (2.times.50
mL). The combined organic layers were sequentially washed with
water (2.times.50 mL) and a saturated NaCl solution (50 mL), dried
(MgSO.sub.4) and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue
was purified by column chromatography (SiO.sub.2; 50% EtOAc/50%
hexane) to afford
4-(5-(2-methoxycarbonyl)pyridyloxy)-1-nitrobenzene (0.70 g).
##STR00054##
Step 3. Synthesis of 4-(5-(2-Methoxycarbonyl)pyridyloxy)aniline
[0122] A slurry of
4-(5-(2-methoxycarbonyl)pyridyloxy)-1-nitrobenzene (0.50 g) and 10%
Pd/C (0.050 g) in a mixture of EtOAc (20 mL) and MeOH (5 mL) was
placed under a H.sub.2 atmosphere (balloon) overnight. The
resulting mixture was filtered through a pad of Celite.RTM., and
the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue
was purified by column chromatography (SiO.sub.2; 70% EtOAc/30%
hexane) to give 4-(5-(2-methoxycarbonyl)pyridyloxy)aniline (0.40
g).
A19. Synthesis of .omega.-Sulfonylphenyl Anilines. Synthesis of
4-(4-Methylsulfonylphenyoxy)aniline.
##STR00055##
Step 1. 4-(4-Methylsulfonylphenoxy)-1-nitrobenzene
[0123] To a solution of 4-(4-methylthiophenoxy)-1-nitrobenzene (2.0
g, 7.7 mmol) in CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 (75 mL) at 0.degree. C. was slowly
added m-CPBA (57-86%, 4.0 g), and the reaction mixture was stirred
at room temperature for 5 h. The reaction mixture was treated with
a 1N NaOH solution (25 mL). The organic layer was sequentially
washed with a 1N NaOH solution (25 mL), water (25 mL) and a
saturated NaCl solution (25 mL), dried (MgSO.sub.4), and
concentrated under reduced pressure to give
4-(4-methylsulfonylphenoxy)-1-nitrobenzene as a solid (2.1 g).
Step 2. 4-(4-Methylsulfonylphenoxy)-1-aniline
[0124] 4-(4-Methylsulfonylphenoxy)-1-nitrobenzene was reduced to
the aniline in a manner analogous to that described in Method A18,
step 3.
B. Synthesis of Urea Precursors
[0125] B1. General Method for the Synthesis of Isocyanates from
Anilines Using CDI. Synthesis of 4-Bromo-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl
Isocyanate.
##STR00056##
Step 1. Synthesis of 4-bromo-3-(trifluoromethyl)aniline HCl
Salt
[0126] To a solution of 4-bromo-3-(trifluoromethyl)aniline (64 g,
267 mmol) in Et.sub.2O (500 mL) was added an HCl solution (1 M in
Et.sub.2O; 300 mL) dropwise and the resulting mixture was stirred
at room temp. for 16 h. The resulting pink-white precipitate was
removed by filtration and washed with Et.sub.2O (50 mL) and to
afford 4-bromo-3-(trifluoromethyl)aniline HCl salt (73 g, 98%).
##STR00057##
Step 2. Synthesis of 4-bromo-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl
isocyanate
[0127] A suspension of 4-bromo-3-(trifluoromethyl)aniline HCl salt
(36.8 g, 133 mmol) in toluene (278 mL) was treated with
trichloromethyl chloroformate dropwise and the resulting mixture
was heated at the reflux temp. for 18 h. The resulting mixture was
concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was treated with
toluene (500 mL), then concentrated under reduced pressure. The
residue was treated with CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 (500 mL), then
concentrated under reduced pressure. The CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2
treatment/concentration protocol was repeated and resulting amber
oil was stored at -20.degree. C. for 16 h, to afford
4-bromo-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl isocyanate as a tan solid (35.1
g, 86%): GC-MS m/z 265 (M.sup.+).
C. Methods of Urea Formation
[0128] C1a. General Method for the Synthesis of Ureas by Reaction
of an Isocyanate with an Aniline. Synthesis of
N-(4-Chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-N'-(4-(2-(N-methylcarbamoyl)-4-pyr-
idyloxy)phenyl) Urea
##STR00058##
[0129] A solution of 4-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl isocyanate
(14.60 g, 65.90 mmol) in CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 (35 mL) was added
dropwise to a suspension of
4-(2-(N-methylcarbamoyl)-4-pyridyloxy)aniline (Method A2, Step 4;
16.0 g, 65.77 mmol) in CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 (35 mL) at 0.degree. C. The
resulting mixture was stirred at room temp. for 22 h. The resulting
yellow solids were removed by filtration, then washed with
CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 (2.times.30 mL) and dried under reduced pressure
(approximately 1 mmHg) to afford
N-(4-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-N'-(4-(2-(N-methylcarbamoyl)-4-pyr-
idyloxy)phenyl)urea as an off-white solid (28.5 g, 93%): mp
207-209.degree. C.; .sup.1H-NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6) .delta. 2.77 (d,
J=4.8 Hz, 3H), 7.16 (m, 3H), 7.37 (d, J=2.5 Hz, 1H), 7.62 (m, 4H),
8.11 (d, J=2.5 Hz, 1H), 8.49 (d, J=5.5 Hz, 1H), 8.77 (br d, 1H),
8.99 (s, 1H), 9.21 (s, 1H); HPLC ES-MS m/z 465 ((M+H).sup.+).
C1b. General Method for the Synthesis of Ureas by Reaction of an
Isocyanate with an Aniline. Synthesis of
N-(4-Bromo-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-N'-(4-(2-(N-methylcarbamoyl)-4-pyri-
dyloxy)phenyl) Urea
##STR00059##
[0130] A solution of 4-bromo-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl isocyanate
(Method B1, Step 2; 8.0 g, 30.1 mmol) in CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 (80 mL)
was added dropwise to a solution of
4-(2-(N-methylcarbamoyl)-4-pyridyloxy)aniline (Method A2, Step 4;
7.0 g, 28.8 mmol) in CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 (40 mL) at 0.degree. C. The
resulting mixture was stirred at room temp. for 16 h. The resulting
yellow solids were removed by filtration, then washed with
CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 (2.times.50 mL) and dried under reduced pressure
(approximately 1 mmHg) at 40.degree. C. to afford
N-(4-bromo-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-N'-(4-(2-(N-methylcarbamoyl)-4-pyri-
dyloxy)phenyl)urea as a pale-yellow solid (13.2 g, 90%): mp
203-205.degree. C.; .sup.1H-NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6) .delta. 2.77 (d,
J=4.8 Hz, 3H), 7.16 (m, 3H), 7.37 (d, J=2.5 Hz, 1H), 7.58 (m, 3H),
7.77 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 8.11 (d, J=2.5 Hz, 1H), 8.49 (d, J=5.5 Hz,
1H), 8.77 (br d, 1H), 8.99 (s, 1H), 9.21 (s, 1H); HPLC ES-MS m/z
509 ((M+H).sup.+).
C1c. General Method for the Synthesis of Ureas by Reaction of an
Isocyanate with an Aniline. Synthesis of
N-(4-Chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-N'-(2-methyl-4-(2-(N-methylcarbamo-
yl)(4-pyridyloxy))phenyl) Urea
##STR00060##
[0131] A solution of
2-methyl-4-(2-(N-methylcarbamoyl)(4-pyridyloxy))aniline (Method A5;
0.11 g, 0.45 mmol) in CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 (1 mL) was treated with
Et.sub.3N (0.16 mL) and 4-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl
isocyanate (0.10 g, 0.45 mmol). The resulting brown solution was
stirred at room temp. for 6 d, then was treated with water (5 mL).
The aqueous layer was back-extracted with EtOAc (3.times.5 mL). The
combined organic layers were dried (MgSO.sub.4) and concentrated
under reduced pressure to yield
N-(4-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-N'-(2-methyl-4-(2-(N-methylcarbamo-
yl)(4-pyridyloxy))phenyl)urea as a brown oil (0.11 g, 0.22 mmol):
.sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6) .delta. 2.27 (s, 3H), 2.77 (d, J=4.8 Hz,
3H), 7.03 (dd, J=8.5, 2.6 Hz, 1H), 7.11 (d, J=2.9 Hz, 1H), 7.15
(dd, J=5.5, 2.6, Hz, 1H), 7.38 (d, J=2.6 Hz, 1H), 7.62 (app d,
J=2.6 Hz, 2H), 7.84 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 8.12 (s, 1H), 8.17 (s, 1H);
8.50 (d, J=5.5 Hz, 1H), 8.78 (q, J=5.2, 1H), 9.52 (s, 1H); HPLC
ES-MS m/z 479 ((M+H).sup.+).
C1d. General Method for the Synthesis of Ureas by Reaction of an
Isocyanate with an Aniline. Synthesis of
N-(4-Chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-N'-(4-aminophenyl) Urea
##STR00061##
[0132] To a solution of 4-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl
isocyanate (2.27 g, 10.3 mmol) in CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 (308 mL) was
added p-phenylenediamine (3.32 g, 30.7 mmol) in one part. The
resulting mixture was stirred at room temp. for 1 h, treated with
CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 (100 mL), and concentrated under reduced pressure.
The resulting pink solids were dissolved in a mixture of EtOAc (110
mL) and MeOH (15 mL), and the clear solution was washed with a 0.05
N HCl solution. The organic layer was concentrated under reduced
pressure to afford impure
N-(4-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-N'-(4-aminophenyl)urea (3.3
g): TLC (100% EtOAc) R.sub.f 0.72.
C1e. General Method for the Synthesis of Ureas by Reaction of an
Isocyanate with an Aniline. Synthesis of
N-(4-Chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-N'-(4-ethoxycarbonylphenyl)
Urea
##STR00062##
[0133] To a solution of ethyl 4-isocyanatobenzoate (3.14 g, 16.4
mmol) in CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 (30 mL) was added
4-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)aniline (3.21 g, 16.4 mmol), and the
solution was stirred at room temp. overnight. The resulting slurry
was diluted with CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 (50 mL) and filtered to afford
N-(4-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-N'-(4-ethoxycarbonylphenyl)urea
as a white solid (5.93 g, 97%): TLC (40% EtOAc/60% hexane) R.sub.f
0.44.
C1f. General Method for the Synthesis of Ureas by Reaction of an
Isocyanate with an Aniline. Synthesis of
N-(4-Chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-N'-(3-carboxyphenyl Urea
##STR00063##
[0134] To a solution of 4-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl
isocyanate (1.21 g, 5.46 mmol) in CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 (8 mL) was added
4-(3-carboxyphenoxy)aniline (Method A11; 0.81 g, 5.76 mmol) and the
resulting mixture was stirred at room temp. overnight, then treated
with MeOH (8 mL), and stirred an additional 2 h. The resulting
mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. The resulting
brown solids were triturated with a 1:1 EtOAc/hexane solution to
give
N-(4-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-N'-(3-carboxyphenyl)urea as
an off-white solid (1.21 g, 76%).
C2a. General Method for Urea Synthesis by Reaction of an Aniline
with N,N'-Carbonyl Diimidazole Followed by Addition of a Second
Aniline. Synthesis of
N-(2-Methoxy-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-N'-(4-(2-(N-methylcarbamoyl)-4-py-
ridyloxy)phenyl) Urea
##STR00064##
[0135] To a solution of 2-methoxy-5-(trifluoromethyl)aniline (0.15
g) in anh CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 (15 mL) at 0.degree. C. was added CDI
(0.13 g). The resulting solution was allowed to warm to room temp.
over 1 h, was stirred at room temp. for 16 h, then was treated with
4-(2-(N-methylcarbamoyl)-4-pyridyloxy)aniline (0.18 g). The
resulting yellow solution was stirred at room temp. for 72 h, then
was treated with H.sub.2O (125 mL). The resulting aqueous mixture
was extracted with EtOAc (2.times.150 mL). The combined organics
were washed with a saturated NaCl solution (100 mL), dried
(MgSO.sub.4) and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue
was triturated (90% EtOAc/10% hexane). The resulting white solids
were collected by filtration and washed with EtOAc. The filtrate
was concentrated under reduced pressure and the residual oil
purified by column chromatography (gradient from 33% EtOAc/67%
hexane to 50% EtOAc/50% hexane to 100% EtOAc) to give
N-(2-methoxy-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-N'-(4-(2-(N-methylcarbamoyl)-4-py-
ridyloxy)phenyl)urea as a light tan solid (0.098 g, 30%): TLC (100%
EtOAc) R.sub.f 0.62; .sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6) .delta. 2.76 (d,
J=4.8 Hz, 3H), 3.96 (s, 3H), 7.1-7.6 and 8.4-8.6 (m, 11H), 8.75 (d,
J=4.8 Hz, 1H), 9.55 (s, 1H); FAB-MS m/z 461 ((M+H).sup.+).
C2b. General Method for Urea Synthesis by Reaction of an Aniline
with N,N'-Carbonyl Diimidazole Followed by Addition of a Second
Aniline. Symmetrical Urea's as Side Products of a N,N'-Carbonyl
Diimidazole Reaction Procedure. Synthesis of
Bis(4-(2-(N-methylcarbamoyl)-4-pyridyloxy)phenyl) Urea
##STR00065##
[0136] To a stirring solution of 3-amino-2-methoxyquinoline (0.14
g) in anhydrous CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 (15 mL) at 0 C was added CDI (0.13
g). The resulting solution was allowed to warm to room temp. over 1
h then was stirred at room temp. for 16 h. The resulting mixture
was treated with 4-(2-(N-methylcarbamoyl)-4-pyridyloxy)aniline
(0.18 g). The resulting yellow solution stirred at room temp. for
72 h, then was treated with water (125 mL). The resulting aqueous
mixture was extracted with EtOAc (2.times.150 mL). The combined
organic phases were washed with a saturated NaCl solution (100 ml),
dried (MgSO.sub.4) and concentrated under reduced pressure. The
residue was triturated (90% EtOAc/10% hexane). The resulting white
solids were collected by filtration and washed with EtOAc to give
bis(4-(2-(N-methylcarbamoyl)-4-pyridyloxy)phenyl)urea (0.081 g,
44%): TLC (100% EtOAc) R.sub.f 0.50; .sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6)
.delta. 2.76 (d, J=5.1 Hz, 6H), 7.1-7.6 (m, 12H), 8.48 (d, J=5.4
Hz, 1H), 8.75 (d, J=4.8 Hz, 2H), 8.86 (s, 2H); HPLC ES-MS m/z 513
((M+H).sup.+).
[0137] C2c. General Method for the Synthesis of Ureas by Reaction
of an Isocyanate with an Aniline. Synthesis of
N-(2-Methoxy-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl-N'-(4-(1,3-dioxoisoindolin-5-yloxy-
)phenyl) Urea
##STR00066##
[0138] To a stirring solution of
2-methoxy-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl isocyanate (0.10 g, 0.47 mmol)
in CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 (1.5 mL) was added
5-(4-aminophenoxy)isoindoline-1,3-dione (Method A3, Step 3; 0.12 g,
0.47 mmol) in one portion. The resulting mixture was stirred for 12
h, then was treated with CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 (10 mL) and MeOH (5 mL).
The resulting mixture was sequentially washed with a 1N HCl
solution (15 mL) and a saturated NaCl solution (15 mL), dried
(MgSO.sub.4) and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford
N-(2-methoxy-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl-N'-(4-(1,3-dioxoisoindolin-5-yloxy-
)phenyl)urea as a white solid (0.2 g, 96%): TLC (70% EtOAc/30%
hexane) R.sub.f 0.50; .sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6) .delta. 3.95 (s,
3H), 7.31-7.10 (m, 6H), 7.57 (d, J=9.3 Hz, 2H), 7.80 (d, J=8.7 Hz,
1H), 8.53 (br s, 2H), 9.57 (s, 1H), 11.27 (br s, 1H); HPLC ES-MS
472.0 ((M+H).sup.+, 100%).
C2d. General Method for Urea Synthesis by Reaction of an Aniline
with N,N'-Carbonyl Diimidazole Followed by Addition of a Second
Aniline. Synthesis of
N-(5-(tert-Butyl)-2-(2,5-dimethylpyrrolyl)phenyl)-N'-(4-(2-(N-methylcarba-
moyl)-4-pyridyloxy)phenyl) Urea
##STR00067##
[0139] To a stirring solution of CDI (0.21 g, 1.30 mmol) in
CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 (2 mL) was added
5-(tert-butyl)-2-(2,5-dimethylpyrrolyl)aniline (Method A4, Step 2;
0.30 g, 1.24 mmol) in one portion. The resulting mixture was
stirred at room temp. for 4 h, then
4-(2-(N-methylcarbamoyl)-4-pyridyloxy)aniline (0.065 g, 0.267 mmol)
was then added in one portion. The resulting mixture was heated at
36.degree. C. overnight, then cooled to room temp. and diluted with
EtOAc (5 mL). The resulting mixture was sequentially washed with
water (15 mL) and a 1N HCl solution (15 mL), dried (MgSO.sub.4),
and filtered through a pad of silica gel (50 g) to afford
N-(5-(tert-butyl)-2-(2,5-dimethylpyrrolyl)phenyl)-N'-(4-(2-(N-methylcarba-
moyl)-4-pyridyloxy)phenyl)urea as a yellowish solid (0.033 g, 24%):
TLC (40% EtOAc/60% hexane) R.sub.f 0.24; .sup.1H NMR
(acetone-d.sub.6) .delta. 1.37 (s, 9H), 1.89 (s, 6H), 2.89 (d,
J=4.8 Hz, 3H), 5.83 (s, 2H), 6.87-7.20 (m, 6H), 7.17 (dd, 1H),
7.51-7.58 (m, 3H), 8.43 (d, J=5.4 Hz, 1H), 8.57 (d, J=2.1 Hz, 1H),
8.80 (br s, 1H); HPLC ES-MS 512 ((M+H).sup.+, 100%).
C3. Combinatorial Method for the Synthesis of Diphenyl Ureas Using
Triphosgene
[0140] One of the anilines to be coupled was dissolved in
dichloroethane (0.10 M). This solution was added to a 8 mL vial
(0.5 mL) containing dichloroethane (1 mL). To this was added a
bis(trichloromethyl) carbonate solution (0.12 M in dichloroethane,
0.2 mL, 0.4 equiv.), followed by diisopropylethylamine (0.35 M in
dichloroethane, 0.2 mL, 1.2 equiv.). The vial was capped and heat
at 80.degree. C. for 5 h, then allowed to cool to room temp for
approximately 10 h. The second aniline was added (0.10 M in
dichloroethane, 0.5 mL, 1.0 equiv.), followed by
diisopropylethylamine (0.35 M in dichloroethane, 0.2 mL, 1.2
equiv.). The resulting mixture was heated at 80.degree. C. for 4 h,
cooled to room temperature and treated with MeOH (0.5 mL). The
resulting mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and the
products were purified by reverse phase HPLC.
C4. General Method for Urea Synthesis by Reaction of an Aniline
with Phosgene Followed by Addition of a Second Aniline. Synthesis
of
N-(2-Methoxy-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-N'-(4-(2-(N-methylcarbamoyl)-4-py-
ridyloxy)phenyl) Urea
##STR00068##
[0141] To a stirring solution of phosgene (1.9 M in toluene; 2.07
mL 0.21 g, 1.30 mmol) in CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 (20 mL) at 0.degree. C.
was added anh pyridine (0.32 mL) followed by
2-methoxy-5-(trifluoromethyl)aniline (0.75 g). The yellow solution
was allowed to warm to room temp during which a precipitate formed.
The yellow mixture was stirred for 1 h, then concentrated under
reduced pressure. The resulting solids were treated with anh
toluene (20 mL) followed by
4-(2-(N-methylcarbamoyl)-4-pyridyloxy)aniline (prepared as
described in Method A2; 0.30 g) and the resulting suspension was
heated at 80.degree. C. for 20 h, then allowed to cool to room
temp. The resulting mixture was diluted with water (100 mL), then
was made basic with a saturated NaHCO.sub.3 solution (2-3 mL). The
basic solution was extracted with EtOAc (2.times.250 mL). The
organic layers were separately washed with a saturated NaCl
solution, combined, dried (MgSO.sub.4), and concentrated under
reduced pressure. The resulting pink-brown residue was dissolved in
MeOH and absorbed onto SiO.sub.2 (100 g). Column chromatography
(300 g SiO.sub.2; gradient from 1% Et.sub.3N/33% EtOAc/66% hexane
to 1% Et.sub.3N/99% EtOAc to 1% Et.sub.3N/20% MeOH/79% EtOAc)
followed by concentration under reduced pressure at 45.degree. C.
gave a warm concentrated EtOAc solution, which was treated with
hexane (10 mL) to slowly form crystals of
N-(2-methoxy-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-N'-(4-(2-(N-methylcarbamoyl)-4-py-
ridyloxy)phenyl)urea (0.44 g): TLC (1% Et.sub.3N/99% EtOAc) R.sub.f
0.40.
D. Interconversion of Ureas
[0142] D1a. Conversion of .omega.-Aminophenyl Ureas into
.omega.-(Aroylamino)phenyl Ureas. Synthesis of
N-(4-Chloro-3-((trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-N'-(4-(3-methoxycarbonylphenyl)ca-
rboxyaminophenyl) Urea
##STR00069##
[0143] To a solution of
N-(4-chloro-3-((trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-N'-(4-aminophenyl)urea
(Method C1d; 0.050 g, 1.52 mmol), mono-methyl isophthalate (0.25 g,
1.38 mmol), HOBT.H.sub.2O (0.41 g, 3.03 mmol) and
N-methylmorpholine (0.33 mL, 3.03 mmol) in DMF (8 mL) was added
EDCI.HCl (0.29 g, 1.52 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred at
room temp. overnight, diluted with EtOAc (25 mL) and sequentially
washed with water (25 mL) and a saturated NaHCO.sub.3 solution (25
mL). The organic layer was dried (Na.sub.2SO.sub.4) and
concentrated under reduced pressure. The resulting solids were
triturated with an EtOAc solution (80% EtOAc/20% hexane) to give
N-(4-chloro-3-((trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-N'-(4-(3-methoxycarbonylphenyl)ca-
rboxyaminophenyl)urea (0.27 g, 43%): mp 121-122; TLC (80% EtOAc/20%
hexane) R.sub.f 0.75.
D1b. Conversion of .omega.-Carboxyphenyl Ureas into
.omega.-(Arylcarbamoyl)phenyl Ureas. Synthesis of
N-(4-Chloro-3-((trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-N'-(4-(3-methylcarbamoylphenyl)ca-
rbamoylphenyl) Urea
##STR00070##
[0144] To a solution of
N-(4-chloro-3-((trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-N'-(4-(3-methylcarbamoylphenyl)ca-
rboxyaminophenyl)urea (0.14 g, 0.48 mmol), 3-methylcarbamoylaniline
(0.080 g, 0.53 mmol), HOBT.H.sub.2O (0.14 g, 1.07 mmol), and
N-methylmorpholine (0.5 mL, 1.07 mmol) in DMF (3 mL) at 0.degree.
C. was added EDCI.HCl (0.10 g, 0.53 mmol). The resulting mixture
was allowed to warm to room temp. and was stirred overnight. The
resulting mixture was treated with water (10 mL), and extracted
with EtOAc (25 mL). The organic phase was concentrated under
reduced pressure. The resulting yellow solids were dissolved in
EtOAc (3 mL) then filtered through a pad of silica gel (17 g,
gradient from 70% EtOAc/30% hexane to 10% MeOH/90% EtOAc) to give
N-(4-chloro-3-((trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-N'-(4-(3-methylcarbamoylphenyl)ca-
rbamoylphenyl)urea as a white solid (0.097 g, 41%): mp 225-229; TLC
(100% EtOAc) R.sub.f 0.23.
D1c. Combinatorial Approach to the Conversion of
.omega.-Carboxyphenyl Ureas into .omega.-(Arylcarbamoyl)phenyl
Ureas. Synthesis of
N-(4-Chloro-3-((trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-N'-(4-(N-(3-(N-(3-pyridyl)carbamo-
yl)phenyl)carbamoyl)phenyl) Urea
##STR00071##
[0145] A mixture of
N-(4-chloro-3-((trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-N'-(3-carboxyphenyl)urea
(Method C1f; 0.030 g, 0.067 mmol) and
N-cyclohexyl-N'-(methylpolystyrene)carbodiimide (55 mg) in
1,2-dichloroethane (1 mL) was treated with a solution of
3-aminopyridine in CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 (1 M; 0.074 mL, 0.074 mmol).
(In cases of insolubility or turbidity, a small amount of DMSO was
also added.) The resulting mixture was heated at 36.degree. C.
overnight. Turbid reactions were then treated with THF (1 mL) and
heating was continued for 18 h. The resulting mixtures were treated
with poly(4-(isocyanatomethyl)styrene) (0.040 g) and the resulting
mixture was stirred at 36.degree. C. for 72 h, then cooled to room
temp. and filtered. The resulting solution was filtered through a
plug of silica gel (1 g). Concentration under reduced pressure
afforded
N-(4-chloro-3-((trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-N'-(4-(N-(3-(N-(3-pyridyl)carbamo-
yl)phenyl)carbamoyl)phenyl)urea (0.024 g, 59%): TLC (70% EtOAc/30%
hexane) R.sub.f 0.12.
D2. Conversion of .omega.-Carboalkoxyaryl Ureas into
.omega.-Carbamoylaryl Ureas. Synthesis of
N-(4-Chloro-3-((trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-N'-(4-(3-methylcarbamoylphenyl)ca-
rboxyaminophenyl) Urea
##STR00072##
[0146] To a sample of
N-(4-chloro-3-((trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-N'-(4-(3-carbomethoxyphenyl)carbo-
xyaminophenyl)urea (0.17 g, 0.34 mmol) was added methylamine (2 M
in THF; 1 mL, 1.7 mmol) and the resulting mixture was stirred at
room temp. overnight, then concentrated under reduced pressure to
give
N-(4-chloro-3-((trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-N'-(4-(3-methylcarbamoylphenyl)ca-
rboxyaminophenyl)urea as a white solid: mp 247; TLC (100% EtOAc)
R.sub.f 0.35.
D3. Conversion of .omega.-Carboalkoxyaryl Ureas into
.omega.-Carboxyaryl Ureas. Synthesis of
N-(4-Chloro-3-((trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-N'-(4-carboxyphenyl)
Urea
##STR00073##
[0147] To a slurry of
N-(4-chloro-3-((trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-N'-(4-ethoxycarbonylphenyl)urea
(Method C1e; 5.93 g, 15.3 mmol) in MeOH (75 mL) was added an
aqueous KOH solution (2.5 N, 10 mL, 23 mmol). The resulting mixture
was heated at the reflux temp. for 12 h, cooled to room temp., and
concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was diluted with
water (50 mL), then treated with a 1 N HCl solution to adjust the
pH to 2 to 3. The resulting solids were collected and dried under
reduced pressure to give
N-(4-chloro-3-((trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-N'-(4-carboxyphenyl)urea as
a white solid (5.05 g, 92%).
D4. General Method for the Conversion of .omega.-Alkoxy Esters into
.omega.-Alkyl Amides. Synthesis of
N-(4-Chloro-3-((trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-N'-((4-(3-(5-(2-dimethylaminoethy-
l)carbamoyl)pyridyl)oxyphenyl) Urea
##STR00074##
Step 1. Synthesis of
N-(4-Chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-N'-((4-(3-(5-carboxypyridyl)oxyphe-
nyl) Urea
[0148]
N-(4-Chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-N'-((4-(3-(5-methoxycarbonyl-
pyridyl)oxyphenyl)urea was synthesized from
4-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl isocyanate and
4-(3-(5-methoxycarbonylpyridyl)oxyaniline (Method A14, Step 2) in a
manner analogous to Method C1a. A suspension of
N-(4-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-N'-((4-(3-(5-methoxycarbonylpyridy-
l)oxyphenyl)urea (0.26 g, 0.56 mmol) in MeOH (10 mL) was treated
with a solution of KOH (0.14 g, 2.5 mmol) in water (1 mL) and was
stirred at room temp. for 1 h. The resulting mixture was adjusted
to pH 5 with a 1 N HCl solution. The resulting precipitate was
removed by filtration and washed with water. The resulting solids
were dissolved in EtOH (10 mL) and the resulting solution was
concentrated under reduced pressure. The EtOH/concentration
procedure was repeated twice to give
N-(4-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-N'-((4-(3-(5-carboxypyridyl)oxyphe-
nyl)urea (0.18 g, 71%).
##STR00075##
Step 2. Synthesis of
N-(4-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-N'-((4-(3-(5-(2-dimethylaminoethyl-
)carbamoyl)pyridyl)oxyphenyl)urea
[0149] A mixture of
N-(4-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-N'-((4-(3-(5-carboxypyridyl)oxyphe-
nyl)urea (0.050 g, 0.011 mmol), N,N-dimethylethylenediamine (0.22
mg, 0.17 mmol), HOBT (0.028 g, 0.17 mmol), N-methylmorpholine
(0.035 g, 0.28 mmol), and EDCI.HCl (0.032 g, 0.17 mmol) in DMF (2.5
mL) was stirred at room temp. overnight. The resulting solution was
separated between EtOAc (50 mL) and water (50 mL). The organic
phase was washed with water (35 mL), dried (MgSO.sub.4) and
concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved in a
minimal amount of CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 (approximately 2 mL). The
resulting solution was treated with Et.sub.2O dropwise to give
N-(4-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-N'-((4-(3-(5-(2-dimethylaminoethyl-
)carbamoyl)pyridyl)oxyphenyl)urea as a white precipitate (0.48 g,
84%: .sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6) .delta. 2.10 s, 6H), 3.26 (s, H),
7.03 (d, 2H), 7.52 (d, 2H), 7.60 (m, 3H), 8.05 (s, 1H), 8.43 (s,
1H), 8.58 (t, 1H), 8.69 (s, 1H), 8.90 (s, 1H), 9.14 (s, 1H); HPLC
ES-MS m/z 522 ((M+H).sup.-).
D5. General Method for the Deprotection of
N-(.omega.-Silyloxyalkyl)amides. Synthesis of
N-(4-Chloro-3-((trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-N'-(4-(4-(2-(N-(2-hydroxy)ethylca-
rbamoyl)pyridyloxyphenyl) Urea.
##STR00076##
[0150] To a solution of
N-(4-chloro-3-((trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-N'-(4-(4-(2-(N-(2-triisopropylsil-
yloxy)ethylcarbamoyl)pyridyloxyphenyl)urea (prepared in a manner
analogous to Method C1a; 0.25 g, 0.37 mmol) in anh THF (2 mL) was
tetrabutylammonium fluoride (1.0 M in THF; 2 mL). The mixture was
stirred at room temperature for 5 min, then was treated with water
(10 mL). The aqueous mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3.times.10
mL). The combined organic layers were dried (MgSO.sub.4) and
concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by
column chromatography (SiO.sub.2; gradient from 100% hexane to 40%
EtOAc/60% hexane) to give
N-(4-chloro-3-((trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-N'-(4-(4-(2-(N-(2-hydroxy)ethylca-
rbamoyl)pyridyloxyphenyl)urea as a white solid (0.019 g, 10%).
[0151] Listed below are compounds listed in the Tables below which
have been synthesized according to the Detailed Experimental
Procedures given above:
Syntheses of Exemplified Compounds
See Tables for Compound Characterization
[0152] Entry 1: 4-(3-N-Methylcarbamoylphenoxy)aniline was prepared
according to Method A13. According to Method C3,
3-tert-butylaniline was reacted with bis(trichloromethyl) carbonate
followed by 4-(3-N-Methylcarbamoylphenoxy)aniline to afford the
urea.
[0153] Entry 2: 4-Fluoro-1-nitrobenzene and p-hydroxyacetophenone
were reacted according to Method A13, Step 1 to afford the
4-(4-acetylphenoxy)-1-nitrobenzene.
4-(4-Acetylphenoxy)-1-nitrobenzene was reduced according to Method
A13, Step 4 to afford 4-(4-acetylphenoxy)aniline. According to
Method C3,3-tert-butylaniline was reacted with bis(trichloromethyl)
carbonate followed by 4-(4-acetylphenoxy)aniline to afford the
urea.
[0154] Entry 3: According to Method C2d, 3-tert-butylaniline was
treated with CDI, followed by
4-(3-N-methylcarbamoyl)-4-methoxyphenoxy)aniline, which had been
prepared according to Method A8, to afford the urea.
[0155] Entry 4: 5-tert-Butyl-2-methoxyaniline was converted to
5-tert-butyl-2-methoxyphenyl isocyanate according to Method B1.
4-(3-N-Methylcarbamoylphenoxy)aniline, prepared according to Method
A13, was reacted with the isocyanate according to Method C1a to
afford the urea.
[0156] Entry 5: According to Method C2d,
5-tert-butyl-2-methoxyaniline was reacted with CDI followed by
4-(3-N-methylcarbamoyl)-4-methoxyphenoxy)aniline, which had been
prepared according to Method A8, to afford the urea.
[0157] Entry 6: 5-(4-Aminophenoxy)isoindoline-1,3-dione was
prepared according to Method A3. According to Method 2d,
5-tert-butyl-2-methoxyaniline was reacted with CDI followed by
5-(4-aminophenoxy)isoindoline-1,3-dione to afford the urea.
[0158] Entry 7: 4-(1-Oxoisoindolin-5-yloxy)aniline was synthesized
according to Method A12. According to Method 2d,
5-tert-butyl-2-methoxyaniline was reacted with CDI followed by
4-(1-oxoisoindolin-5-yloxy)aniline to afford the urea.
[0159] Entry 8: 4-(3-N-Methylcarbamoylphenoxy)aniline was
synthesized according to Method A13. According to Method C2a,
2-methoxy-5-(trifluoromethyl)aniline was reacted with CDI followed
by 4-(3-N-methylcarbamoylphenoxy)aniline to afford the urea.
[0160] Entry 9: 4-Hydroxyacetophenone was reacted with
2-chloro-5-nitropyridine to give
4-(4-acetylphenoxy)-5-nitropyridine according to Method A3, Step 2.
According to Method A8, Step 4, 4-(4-acetylphenoxy)-5-nitropyridine
was reduced to 4-(4-acetylphenoxy)-5-aminopyridine.
2-Methoxy-5-(trifluoromethyl)aniline was converted to
2-methoxy-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl isocyanate according to Method
B1. The isocyanate was reacted with
4-(4-acetylphenoxy)-5-aminopyridine according to Method C1a to
afford the urea.
[0161] Entry 10: 4-Fluoro-1-nitrobenzene and p-hydroxyacetophenone
were reacted according to Method A13, Step 1 to afford the
4-(4-acetylphenoxy)-1-nitrobenzene.
4-(4-Acetylphenoxy)-1-nitrobenzene was reduced according to Method
A13, Step 4 to afford 4-(4-acetylphenoxy)aniline. According to
Method C3, 5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-methoxybutylaniline was reacted
with bis(trichloromethyl) carbonate followed by
4-(4-acetylphenoxy)aniline to afford the urea.
[0162] Entry 11: 4-Chloro-N-methyl-2-pyridinecarboxamide, which was
synthesized according to Method A2, Step 3a, was reacted with
3-aminophenol according to Method A2, Step 4 using DMAC in place of
DMF to give 3-(-2-(N-methylcarbamoyl)-4-pyridyloxy)aniline.
According to Method C4, 2-methoxy-5-(trifluoromethyl)aniline was
reacted with phosgene followed by
3-(-2-(N-methylcarbamoyl)-4-pyridyloxy)aniline to afford the
urea.
[0163] Entry 12: 4-Chloropyridine-2-carbonyl chloride HCl salt was
reacted with ammonia according to Method A2, Step 3b to form
4-chloro-2-pyridinecarboxamide. 4-Chloro-2-pyridinecarboxamide was
reacted with 3-aminophenol according to Method A2, Step 4 using
DMAC in place of DMF to give 3-(2-carbamoyl-4-pyridyloxy)aniline.
According to Method C2a, 2-methoxy-5-(trifluoromethyl)aniline was
reacted with phosgene followed by
3-(2-carbamoyl-4-pyridyloxy)aniline to afford the urea.
[0164] Entry 13: 4-Chloro-N-methyl-2-pyridinecarboxamide was
synthesized according to Method A2, Step 3b.
4-Chloro-N-methyl-2-pyridinecarboxamide was reacted with
4-aminophenol according to Method A2, Step 4 using DMAC in place of
DMF to give 4-(2-(N-methylcarbamoyl)-4-pyridyloxy)aniline.
According to Method C2a, 2-methoxy-5-(trifluoromethyl)aniline was
reacted with CDI followed by
4-(2-(N-methylcarbamoyl)-4-pyridyloxy)aniline to afford the
urea.
[0165] Entry 14: 4-Chloropyridine-2-carbonyl chloride HCl salt was
reacted with ammonia according to Method A2, Step 3b to form
4-chloro-2-pyridinecarboxamide. 4-Chloro-2-pyridinecarboxamide was
reacted with 4-aminophenol according to Method A2, Step 4 using
DMAC in place of DMF to give 4-(2-carbamoyl-4-pyridyloxy)aniline.
According to Method C4, 2-methoxy-5-(trifluoromethyl)aniline was
reacted with phosgene followed by
4-(2-carbamoyl-4-pyridyloxy)aniline to afford the urea.
[0166] Entry 15: According to Method C2d,
5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-methoxyaniline was reacted with CDI followed
by 4-(3-N-methylcarbamoyl)-4-methoxyphenoxy)aniline, which had been
prepared according to Method A8, to afford the urea.
[0167] Entry 16:
4-(2-(N-Methylcarbamoyl)-4-pyridyloxy)-2-methylaniline was
synthesized according to Method A5.
5-(Trifluoromethyl)-2-methoxyaniline was converted into
5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-methoxyphenyl isocyanate according to Method
B1. The isocyanate was reacted with
4-(2-(N-methylcarbamoyl)-4-pyridyloxy)-2-methylaniline according to
Method C1c to afford the urea.
[0168] Entry 17:
4-(2-(N-Methylcarbamoyl)-4-pyridyloxy)-2-chloroaniline was
synthesized according to Method A6.
5-(Trifluoromethyl)-2-methoxyaniline was converted into
5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-methoxyphenyl isocyanate according to Method
B1. 5-(Trifluoromethyl)-2-methoxyphenyl isocyanate was reacted with
4-(2-(N-methylcarbamoyl)-4-pyridyloxy)-2-chloroaniline according to
Method C1a to afford the urea.
[0169] Entry 18: According to Method A2, Step 4,
5-amino-2-methylphenol was reacted with
4-chloro-N-methyl-2-pyridinecarboxamide, which had been synthesized
according to Method A2, Step 3b, to give
3-(2-(N-methylcarbamoyl)-4-pyridyloxy)-4-methylaniline,
5-(Trifluoromethyl)-2-methoxyaniline was converted into
5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-methoxyphenyl isocyanate according to Method
B1. 5-(Trifluoromethyl)-2-methoxyphenyl isocyanate was reacted with
3-(2-(N-methylcarbamoyl)-4-pyridyloxy)-4-methylaniline according to
Method C1a to afford the urea.
[0170] Entry 19: 4-Chloropyridine-2-carbonyl chloride was reacted
with ethylamine according to Method A2, Step 3b. The resulting
4-chloro-N-ethyl-2-pyridinecarboxamide was reacted with
4-aminophenol according to Method A2, Step 4 to give
4-(2-(N-ethylcarbamoyl)-4-pyridyloxy)aniline.
5-(Trifluoromethyl)-2-methoxyaniline was converted into
5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-methoxyphenyl isocyanate according to Method
B1. 5-(Trifluoromethyl)-2-methoxyphenyl isocyanate was reacted with
4-(2-(N-ethylcarbamoyl)-4-pyridyloxy)aniline according to Method
C1a to afford the urea.
[0171] Entry 20: According to Method A2, Step 4,
4-amino-2-chlorophenol was reacted with
4-chloro-N-methyl-2-pyridinecarboxamide, which had been synthesized
according to Method A2, Step 3b, to give
4-(2-(N-methylcarbamoyl)-4-pyridyloxy)-3-chloroaniline.
5-(Trifluoromethyl)-2-methoxyaniline was converted into
5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-methoxyphenyl isocyanate according to Method
B1. 5-(Trifluoromethyl)-2-methoxyphenyl isocyanate was reacted with
4-(2-(N-methylcarbamoyl)-4-pyridyloxy)-3-chloroaniline according to
Method C1a to afford the urea.
[0172] Entry 21: 4-(4-Methylthiophenoxy)-1-nitrobenzene was
oxidized according to Method A19, Step 1 to give
4-(4-methylsulfonylphenoxy)-1-nitrobenzene. The nitrobenzene was
reduced according to Method A19, Step 2 to give
4-(4-methylsulfonylphenoxy)-1-aniline. According to Method C1a,
5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-methoxyphenyl isocyanate was reacted with
4-(4-methylsulfonylphenoxy)-1-aniline to afford the urea.
[0173] Entry 22: 4-(3-carbamoylphenoxy)-1-nitrobenzene was reduced
to 4-(3-carbamoylphenoxy)aniline according to Method A15, Step 4.
According to Method C1a, 5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-methoxyphenyl
isocyanate was reacted with 4-(3-carbamoylphenoxy)aniline to afford
the urea.
[0174] Entry 23: 5-(4-Aminophenoxy)isoindoline-1,3-dione was
synthesized according to Method A3.
5-(Trifluoromethyl)-2-methoxyaniline was converted into
5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-methoxyphenyl isocyanate according to Method
B1. 5-(Trifluoromethyl)-2-methoxyphenyl isocyanate was reacted with
5-(4-aminophenoxy)isoindoline-1,3-dione according to Method C1a to
afford the urea.
[0175] Entry 24: 4-Chloropyridine-2-carbonyl chloride was reacted
with dimethylamine according to Method A2, Step 3b. The resulting
4-chloro-N,N-dimethyl-2-pyridinecarboxamide was reacted with
4-aminophenol according to Method A2, Step 4 to give
4-(2-(N,N-dimethylcarbamoyl)-4-pyridyloxy)aniline.
5-(Trifluoromethyl)-2-methoxyaniline was converted into
5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-methoxyphenyl isocyanate according to Method
B1. 5-(Trifluoromethyl)-2-methoxyphenyl isocyanate was reacted with
4-(2-(N,N-dimethylcarbamoyl)-4-pyridyloxy)aniline according to
Method C1a to afford the urea.
[0176] Entry 25: 4-(1-Oxoisoindolin-5-yloxy)aniline was synthesized
according to Method A12. 5-(Trifluoromethyl)-2-methoxyaniline was
treated with CDI, followed by 4-(1-oxoisoindolin-5-yloxy)aniline
according to Method C2d to afford the urea.
[0177] Entry 26: 4-Hydroxyacetophenone was reacted with
4-fluoronitrobenzene according to Method A13, Step 1 to give
4-(4-acetylphenoxy)nitrobenzene. The nitrobenzene was reduced
according to Method A13, Step 4 to afford
4-(4-acetylphenoxy)aniline, which was converted to the
4-(4-(1-(N-methoxy)iminoethyl)phenoxyaniline HCl salt according to
Method A16. 5-(Trifluoromethyl)-2-methoxyaniline was converted into
5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-methoxyphenyl isocyanate according to Method
B1. 5-(Trifluoromethyl)-2-methoxyphenyl isocyanate was reacted with
4-(4-(1-(N-methoxy)iminoethyl)phenoxyaniline HCl salt to Method C1a
to afford the urea.
[0178] Entry 27: 4-Chloro-N-methylpyridinecarboxamide was
synthesized as described in Method A2, Step 3b. The chloropyridine
was reacted with 4-aminothiophenol according to Method A2, Step 4
to give 4-(4-(2-(N-methylcarbamoyl)phenylthio)aniline.
5-(Trifluoromethyl)-2-methoxyaniline was converted into
5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-methoxyphenyl isocyanate according to Method
B1. 5-(Trifluoromethyl)-2-methoxyphenyl isocyanate was reacted with
4-(4-(2-(N-methylcarbamoyl)phenylthio)aniline according to Method
C1a to afford the urea.
[0179] Entry 28: 5-(4-Aminophenoxy)-2-methylisoindoline-1,3-dione
was synthesized according to Method A9.
5-(Trifluoromethyl)-2-methoxyaniline was converted into
5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-methoxyphenyl isocyanate according to Method
B1. 5-(Trifluoromethyl)-2-methoxyphenyl isocyanate was reacted with
5-(4-aminophenoxy)-2-methylisoindoline-1,3-dione according to
Method C1a to afford the urea.
[0180] Entry 29: 4-Chloro-N-methylpyridinecarboxamide was
synthesized as described in Method A2, Step 3b. The chloropyridine
was reacted with 3-aminothiophenol according to Method A2, Step 4
to give 3-(4-(2-(N-methylcarbamoyl)phenylthio)aniline.
5-(Trifluoromethyl)-2-methoxyaniline was converted into
5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-methoxyphenyl isocyanate according to Method
B1. 5-(Trifluoromethyl)-2-methoxyphenyl isocyanate was reacted with
3-(4-(2-(N-methylcarbamoyl)phenylthio)aniline according to Method
C1a to afford the urea.
[0181] Entry 30: 4-Chloropyridine-2-carbonyl chloride was reacted
with isopropylamine according to Method A2, Step 3b. The resulting
4-chloro-N-isopropyl-2-pyridinecarboxamide was reacted with
4-aminophenol according to Method A2, Step 4 to give
4-(2-(N-isopropylcarbamoyl)-4-pyridyloxy)aniline.
5-(Trifluoromethyl)-2-methoxyaniline was converted into
5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-methoxyphenyl isocyanate according to Method
B1. 5-(Trifluoromethyl)-2-methoxyphenyl isocyanate was reacted with
4-(2-(N-isopropylcarbamoyl)-4-pyridyloxy)aniline according to
Method C1a to afford the urea.
[0182] Entry 31: 4-(3-(5-Methoxycarbonyl)pyridyloxy)aniline was
synthesized according to Method A14.
5-(Trifluoromethyl)-2-methoxyaniline was converted into
5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-methoxyphenyl isocyanate according to Method
B1. 5-(Trifluoromethyl)-2-methoxyphenyl isocyanate was reacted with
4-(3-(5-methoxycarbonyl)pyridyloxy)aniline according to Method C1a
to afford the urea.
N-(5-(Trifluoromethyl)-2-methoxyphenyl)-N'-(4-(3-(5-methoxycarbonylpyridy-
l)oxy)phenyl)urea was saponified according to Method D4, Step 1,
and the corresponding acid was coupled with
4-(2-aminoethyl)morpholine to afford the amide according to Method
D4, Step 2.
[0183] Entry 32: 4-(3-(5-Methoxycarbonyl)pyridyloxy)aniline was
synthesized according to Method A14.
5-(Trifluoromethyl)-2-methoxyaniline was converted into
5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-methoxyphenyl isocyanate according to Method
B1. 5-(Trifluoromethyl)-2-methoxyphenyl isocyanate was reacted with
4-(3-(5-methoxycarbonyl)pyridyloxy)aniline according to Method C1a
to afford the urea.
N-(5-(Trifluoromethyl)-2-methoxyphenyl)-N'-(4-(3-(5-methoxycarbonypyridyl-
)oxy)phenyl)urea was saponified according to Method D4, Step 1, and
the corresponding acid was coupled with methylamine according to
Method D4, Step 2 to afford the amide.
[0184] Entry 33: 4-(3-(5-Methoxycarbonyl)pyridyloxy)aniline was
synthesized according to Method A14.
5-(Trifluoromethyl)-2-methoxyaniline was converted into
5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-methoxyphenyl isocyanate according to Method
B1. 5-(Trifluoromethyl)-2-methoxyphenyl isocyanate was reacted with
4-(3-(5-methoxycarbonyl)pyridyloxy)aniline according to Method C1a
to afford the urea.
N-(5-(Trifluoromethyl)-2-methoxyphenyl)-N'-(4-(3-(5-methoxycarbonylpyridy-
l)oxy)phenyl)urea was saponified according to Method D4, Step 1,
and the corresponding acid was coupled with
N,N-dimethylethylenediamine according to Method D4, Step 2 to
afford the amide.
[0185] Entry 34: 4-(3-Carboxyphenoxy)aniline was synthesized
according to Method A11. 5-(Trifluoromethyl)-2-methoxyaniline was
converted into 5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-methoxyphenyl isocyanate
according to Method B1. 4-(3-Carboxyphenoxy)aniline was reacted
with 5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-methoxyphenyl isocyanate according to
Method C1f to afford
N-(5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-methoxyphenyl)-N'-(3-carboxyphenyl)urea,
which was coupled with 3-aminopyridine according to Method D1c.
[0186] Entry 35: 4-(3-Carboxyphenoxy)aniline was synthesized
according to Method A11. 5-(Trifluoromethyl)-2-methoxyaniline was
converted into 5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-methoxyphenyl isocyanate
according to Method B1. 4-(3-Carboxyphenoxy)aniline was reacted
with 5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-methoxyphenyl isocyanate according to
Method C1f to afford
N-(5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-methoxyphenyl)-N'-(3-carboxyphenyl)urea,
which was coupled with N-(4-fluorophenyl)piperazine according to
Method D1c.
[0187] Entry 36: 4-(3-Carboxyphenoxy)aniline was synthesized
according to Method A11. 5-(Trifluoromethyl)-2-methoxyaniline was
converted into 5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-methoxyphenyl isocyanate
according to Method B1. 4-(3-Carboxyphenoxy)aniline was reacted
with 5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-methoxyphenyl isocyanate according to
Method C1f to afford
N-(5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-methoxyphenyl)-N'-(3-carboxyphenyl)urea,
which was coupled with 4-fluoroaniline according to Method D1c.
[0188] Entry 37: 4-(3-Carboxyphenoxy)aniline was synthesized
according to Method A11. 5-(Trifluoromethyl)-2-methoxyaniline was
converted into 5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-methoxyphenyl isocyanate
according to Method B1. 4-(3-Carboxyphenoxy)aniline was reacted
with 5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-methoxyphenyl isocyanate according to
Method C1f to afford
N-(5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-methoxyphenyl)-N'-(3-carboxyphenyl)urea,
which was coupled with 4-(dimethylamino)aniline according to Method
D1c.
[0189] Entry 38: 4-(3-Carboxyphenoxy)aniline was synthesized
according to Method A11. 5-(Trifluoromethyl)-2-methoxyaniline was
converted into 5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-methoxyphenyl isocyanate
according to Method B1. 4-(3-Carboxyphenoxy)aniline was reacted
with 5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-methoxyphenyl isocyanate according to
Method C1f to afford
N-(5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-methoxyphenyl)-N'-(3-carboxyphenyl)urea,
which was coupled with 5-amino-2-methoxypyridine according to
Method D1c.
[0190] Entry 39: 4-(3-Carboxyphenoxy)aniline was synthesized
according to Method A11. 5-(Trifluoromethyl)-2-methoxyaniline was
converted into 5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-methoxyphenyl isocyanate
according to Method B1. 4-(3-Carboxyphenoxy)aniline was reacted
with 5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-methoxyphenyl isocyanate according to
Method C1f to afford
N-(5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-methoxyphenyl)-N'-(3-carboxyphenyl)urea,
which was coupled with 4-morpholinoaniline according to Method
D1c.
[0191] Entry 40: 4-(3-Carboxyphenoxy)aniline was synthesized
according to Method A11. 5-(Trifluoromethyl)-2-methoxyaniline was
converted into 5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-methoxyphenyl isocyanate
according to Method B1. 4-(3-Carboxyphenoxy)aniline was reacted
with 5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-methoxyphenyl isocyanate according to
Method C1f to afford
N-(5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-methoxyphenyl)-N'-(3-carboxyphenyl)urea,
which was coupled with N-(2-pyridyl)piperazine according to Method
D1e.
[0192] Entry 41: 4-(3-(N-Methylcarbamoyl)phenoxy)aniline was
synthesized according to Method A13. According to Method C3,
4-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)aniline was converted to the
isocyanate, then reacted with
4-(3-(N-Methylcarbamoyl)phenoxy)aniline to afford the urea.
[0193] Entry 42: 4-(2-N-Methylcarbamyl-4-pyridyloxy)aniline was
synthesized according to Method A2.
4-Chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl isocyanate was reacted with
4-(2-N-methylcarbamyl-4-pyridyloxy)aniline according to Method C1a
to afford the urea.
[0194] Entry 43: 4-Chloropyridine-2-carbonyl chloride HCl salt was
reacted with ammonia according to Method A2, Step 3b to form
4-chloro-2-pyridinecarboxamide. 4-Chloro-2-pyridinecarboxamide was
reacted with 4-aminophenol according to Method A2, Step 4 to form
4-(2-carbamoyl-4-pyridyloxy)aniline. According to Method C1a,
4-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl isocyanate was reacted with
4-(2-carbamoyl-4-pyridyloxy)aniline to afford the urea.
[0195] Entry 44: 4-Chloropyridine-2-carbonyl chloride HCl salt was
reacted with ammonia according to Method A2, Step 3b to form
4-chloro-2-pyridinecarboxamide. 4-Chloro-2-pyridinecarboxamide was
reacted with 3-aminophenol according to Method A2, Step 4 to form
3-(2-carbamoyl-4-pyridyloxy)aniline. According to Method C1a,
4-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl isocyanate was reacted with
3-(2-carbamoyl-4-pyridyloxy)aniline to afford the urea.
[0196] Entry 45: 4-Chloro-N-methyl-2-pyridinecarboxamide, which was
synthesized according to Method A2, Step 3a, was reacted with
3-aminophenol according to Method A2, Step 4 to form
3-(-2-(N-methylcarbamoyl)-4-pyridyloxy)aniline. According to Method
C1a, 4-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl isocyanate was reacted with
3-(2-(N-methylcarbamoyl)-4-pyridyloxy)aniline to afford the
urea.
[0197] Entry 46: 5-(4-Aminophenoxy)isoindoline-1,3-dione was
synthesized according to Method A3. According to Method C1a,
4-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl isocyanate was reacted with
5-(4-aminophenoxy)isoindoline-1,3-dione to afford the urea.
[0198] Entry 47:
4-(2-(N-Methylcarbamoyl)-4-pyridyloxy)-2-methylaniline was
synthesized according to Method A5. According to Method C1c,
4-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl isocyanate was reacted with
5-(4-aminophenoxy)isoindoline-1,3-dione to afford the urea.
[0199] Entry 48: 4-(3-N-Methylsulfamoyl)phenyloxy)aniline was
synthesized according to Method A15. According to Method C1a,
4-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl isocyanate was reacted with
4-(3-N-methylsulfamoyl)phenyloxy)aniline to afford the urea.
[0200] Entry 49:
4-(2-(N-Methylcarbamoyl)-4-pyridyloxy)-2-chloroaniline was
synthesized according to Method A6. According to Method C1a,
4-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl isocyanate was reacted with
4-(2-(N-methylcarbamoyl)-4-pyridyloxy)-2-chloroaniline to afford
the urea.
[0201] Entry 50: According to Method A2, Step 4,
5-amino-2-methylphenol was reacted with
4-chloro-N-methyl-2-pyridinecarboxamide, which had been synthesized
according to Method A2, Step 3b, to give
3-(2-(N-methylcarbamoyl)-4-pyridyloxy)-4-methylaniline. According
to Method C1a, 4-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl isocyanate was
reacted with 3-(2-(N-methylcarbamoyl)-4-pyridyloxy)-4-methylaniline
to afford the urea.
[0202] Entry 51: 4-Chloropyridine-2-carbonyl chloride was reacted
with ethylamine according to Method A2, Step 3b. The resulting
4-chloro-N-ethyl-2-pyridinecarboxamide was reacted with
4-aminophenol according to Method A2, Step 4 to give
4-(2-(N-ethylcarbamoyl)-4-pyridyloxy)aniline. According to Method
C1a, 4-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl isocyanate was reacted with
4-(2-(N-ethylcarbamoyl)-4-pyridyloxy)aniline to afford the
urea.
[0203] Entry 52: According to Method A2, Step 4,
4-amino-2-chlorophenol was reacted with
4-chloro-N-methyl-2-pyridinecarboxamide, which had been synthesized
according to Method A2, Step 3b, to give
4-(2-(N-methylcarbamoyl)-4-pyridyloxy)-3-chloroaniline. According
to Method C1a, 4-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl isocyanate was
reacted with 4-(2-(N-methylcarbamoyl)-4-pyridyloxy)-3-chloroaniline
to afford the urea.
[0204] Entry 53: 4-(4-Methylthiophenoxy)-1-nitrobenzene was
oxidized according to Method A19, Step 1 to give
4-(4-methylsulfonylphenoxy)-1-nitrobenzene. The nitrobenzene was
reduced according to Method A19, Step 2 to give
4-(4-methylsulfonylphenoxy)-1-aniline. According to Method C1a,
4-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl isocyanate was reacted with
4-(4-methylsulfonylphenoxy)-1-aniline to afford the urea.
[0205] Entry 54: 4-Bromobenzenesulfonyl chloride was reacted with
methylamine according to Method A15, Step 1 to afford
N-methyl-4-bromobenzenesulfonamide.
N-Methyl-4-bromobenzenesulfonamide was coupled with phenol
according to Method A15, Step 2 to afford
4-(4-(N-methylsulfamoyl)phenoxy)benzene.
4-(4-(N-Methylsulfamoyl)phenoxy)benzene was converted into
4-(4-(N-methylsulfamoyl)phenoxy)-1-nitrobenzene according to Method
A15, Step 3. 4-(4-(N-Methylsulfamoyl)phenoxy)-1-nitrobenzene was
reduced to 4-(4-N-methylsulfamoyl)phenyloxy)aniline according to
Method A15, Step 4. According to Method C1a,
4-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl isocyanate was reacted with
4-(3-N-methylsulfamoyl)phenyloxy)aniline to afford the urea.
[0206] Entry 55: 5-Hydroxy-2-methylpyridine was coupled with
1-fluoro-4-nitrobenzene according to Method A18, Step 1 to give
4-(5-(2-Methyl)pyridyloxy)-1-nitrobenzene. The methylpyridine was
oxidized according to the carboxylic acid, then esterified
according to Method A18, Step 2 to give
4-(5-(2-methoxycarbonyl)pyridyloxy)-1-nitrobenzene. The
nitrobenzene was reduced according the Method A18, Step 3 to give
4-(5-(2-methoxycarbonyl)pyridyloxy)aniline. The aniline was reacted
with 4-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl isocyanate according to
Method C1a to afford the urea.
[0207] Entry 56: 5-Hydroxy-2-methylpyridine was coupled with
1-fluoro-4-nitrobenzene according to Method A18, Step 1 to give
4-(5-(2-Methyl)pyridyloxy)-1-nitrobenzene. The methylpyridine was
oxidized according to the carboxylic acid, then esterified
according to Method A18, Step 2 to give
4-(5-(2-methoxycarbonyl)pyridyloxy)-1-nitrobenzene. The
nitrobenzene was reduced according the Method A18, Step 3 to give
4-(5-(2-methoxycarbonyl)pyridyloxy)aniline. The aniline was reacted
with 4-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl isocyanate according to
Method C1a to give
N-(4-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-N'-(4-(2-(methoxycarbonyl)-5--
pyridyloxy)phenyl)urea. The methyl ester was reacted with
methylamine according to Method D2 to afford
N-(4-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-N'-(4-(2-(N-methylcarbamoyl)-5-pyr-
idyloxy)phenyl)urea.
[0208] Entry 57:
N-(4-Chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl-N'-(4-aminophenyl)urea was
prepared according to Method C1d.
N-(4-Chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl-N'-(4-aminophenyl)urea was
coupled with mono-methyl isophthalate according to Method D1a to
afford the urea.
[0209] Entry 58:
N-(4-Chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl-N'-(4-aminophenyl)urea was
prepared according to Method C1d.
N-(4-Chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl-N'-(4-aminophenyl)urea was
coupled with mono-methyl isophthalate according to Method D1a to
afford
N-(4-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl-N'-(4-(3-methoxycarbonylphenyl)carb-
oxyaminophenyl)urea. According to Method D2,
N-(4-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl-N'-(4-(3-methoxycarbonylphenyl)carb-
oxyaminophenyl)urea was reacted with methylamine to afford the
corresponding methyl amide.
[0210] Entry 59: 4-Chloropyridine-2-carbonyl chloride was reacted
with dimethylamine according to Method A2, Step 3b. The resulting
4-chloro-N,N-dimethyl-2-pyridinecarboxamide was reacted with
4-aminophenol according to Method A2, Step 4 to give
4-(2-(N,N-dimethylcarbamoyl)-4-pyridyloxy)aniline. According to
Method C1a, 4-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl isocyanate was
reacted with 4-(2-(N,N-dimethylcarbamoyl)-4-pyridyloxy)aniline to
afford the urea.
[0211] Entry 60: 4-Hydroxyacetophenone was reacted with
4-fluoronitrobenzene according to Method A13, Step 1 to give
4-(4-acetylphenoxy)nitrobenzene. The nitrobenzene was reduced
according to Method 13, Step 4 to afford
4-(4-acetylphenoxy)aniline, which was converted to the
4-(4-(1-(N-methoxy)iminoethyl)phenoxyaniline HCl salt according to
Method A16. According to Method C1a,
4-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl isocyanate was reacted with
4-(4-acetylphenoxy)aniline to afford the urea.
[0212] Entry 61: 4-(3-Carboxyphenoxy)-1-nitrobenzene was
synthesized according to Method A13, Step 2.
4-(3-Carboxyphenoxy)-1-nitrobenzene was coupled with
4-(2-aminoethyl)morpholine according to Method A13, Step 3 to give
4-(3-(N-(2-morpholinylethyl)carbamoyl)phenoxy)-1-nitrobenzene.
According to Method A13 Step 4,
4-(3-(N-(2-morpholinylethyl)carbamoyl)phenoxy)-1-nitrobenzene was
reduced to 4-(3-(N-(2-morpholinylethyl)carbamoyl)phenoxy)aniline.
According to Method C1a, 4-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl
isocyanate was reacted with
4-(3-(N-(2-morpholinylethyl)carbamoyl)phenoxy)aniline to afford the
urea.
[0213] Entry 62: 4-(3-Carboxyphenoxy)-1-nitrobenzene was
synthesized according to Method A13, Step 2.
4-(3-Carboxyphenoxy)-1-nitrobenzene was coupled with
1-(2-aminoethyl)piperidine according to Method A13, Step 3 to give
4-(3-(N-(2-piperidylethyl)carbamoyl)phenoxy)-1-nitrobenzene.
According to Method A13 Step 4,
4-(3-(N-(2-piperidylethyl)carbamoyl)phenoxy)-1-nitrobenzene was
reduced to 4-(3-(N-(2-piperidylethyl)carbamoyl)phenoxy)aniline.
According to Method C1a, 4-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl
isocyanate was reacted with
4-(3-(N-(2-piperidylethyl)carbamoyl)phenoxy)aniline to afford the
urea.
[0214] Entry 63: 4-(3-Carboxyphenoxy)-1-nitrobenzene was
synthesized according to Method A13, Step 2.
4-(3-Carboxyphenoxy)-1-nitrobenzene was coupled with
tetrahydrofurfurylamine according to Method A13, Step 3 to give
4-(3-(N-(tetrahydrofurylmethyl)carbamoyl)phenoxy)-1-nitrobenzene.
According to Method A13 Step 4,
4-(3-(N-(tetrahydrofurylmethyl)carbamoyl)phenoxy)-1-nitrobenzene
was reduced to
4-(3-(N-(tetrahydrofurylmethyl)carbamoyl)phenoxy)aniline. According
to Method C1a, 4-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl isocyanate was
reacted with
4-(3-(N-(tetrahydrofurylmethyl)carbamoyl)phenoxy)aniline to afford
the urea.
[0215] Entry 64: 4-(3-Carboxyphenoxy)-1-nitrobenzene was
synthesized according to Method A13, Step 2.
4-(3-Carboxyphenoxy)-1-nitrobenzene was coupled with
2-aminomethyl-1-ethylpyrrolidine according to Method A13, Step 3 to
give
4-(3-(N-((1-methylpyrrolidinyl)methyl)carbamoyl)phenoxy)-1-nitrobenzene.
According to Method A13 Step 4,
4-(3-(N-((1-methylpyrrolidinyl)methyl)carbamoyl)phenoxy)-1-nitrobenzene
was reduced to
4-(3-(N-((1-methylpyrrolidinyl)methyl)carbamoyl)phenoxy)aniline.
According to Method C1a, 4-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl
isocyanate was reacted with
4-(3-(N-((1-methylpyrrolidinyl)methyl)carbamoyl)phenoxy)aniline to
afford the urea.
[0216] Entry 65: 4-Chloro-N-methylpyridinecarboxamide was
synthesized as described in Method A2, Step 3b. The chloropyridine
was reacted with 4-aminothiophenol according to Method A2, Step 4
to give 4-(4-(2-(N-methylcarbamoyl)phenylthio)aniline. According to
Method C1a, 4-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl isocyanate was
reacted with 4-(4-(2-(N-methylcarbamoyl)phenylthio)aniline to
afford the urea.
[0217] Entry 66: 4-Chloropyridine-2-carbonyl chloride was reacted
with isopropylamine according to Method A2, Step 3b. The resulting
4-chloro-N-isopropyl-2-pyridinecarboxamide was reacted with
4-aminophenol according to Method A2, Step 4 to give
4-(2-(N-isopropylcarbamoyl)-4-pyridyloxy)aniline. According to
Method C1a, 4-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl isocyanate was
reacted with 4-(2-(N-isopropylcarbamoyl)-4-pyridyloxy)aniline to
afford the urea.
[0218] Entry 67:
N-(4-Chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl-N'-(4-ethoxycarbonylphenyl)urea
was synthesized according to Method C1e.
N-(4-Chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl-N'-(4-ethoxycarbonylphenyl)urea
was saponified according to Method D3 to give
N-(4-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl-N'-(4-carboxyphenyl)urea.
N-(4-Chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl-N'-(4-carboxyphenyl)urea was
coupled with 3-methylcarbamoylaniline according to Method D1b to
give
N-(4-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl-N'-(4-(3-methylcarbamoylphenyl)carb-
amoylphenyl)urea.
[0219] Entry 68: 5-(4-Aminophenoxy)-2-methylisoindoline-1,3-dione
was synthesized according to Method A9. According to Method C1a,
4-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl isocyanate was reacted with
5-(4-aminophenoxy)-2-methylisoindoline-1,3-dione to afford the
urea.
[0220] Entry 69: 4-Chloro-N-methylpyridinecarboxamide was
synthesized as described in Method A2, Step 3b. The chloropyridine
was reacted with 3-aminothiophenol according to Method A2, Step 4
to give 3-(4-(2-(N-methylcarbamoyl)phenylthio)aniline. According to
Method C1a, 4-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl isocyanate was
reacted with 3-(4-(2-(N-methylcarbamoyl)phenylthio)aniline to
afford the urea.
[0221] Entry 70:
4-(2-(N-(2-Morpholin-4-ylethyl)carbamoyl)pyridyloxy)aniline was
synthesized according to Method A10. According to Method C1a,
4-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl isocyanate was reacted with
4-(2-(N-(2-morpholin-4-ylethyl)carbamoyl)pyridyloxy)aniline to
afford the urea.
[0222] Entry 71: 4-(3-(5-Methoxycarbonyl)pyridyloxy)aniline was
synthesized according to Method A14.
4-Chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)-2-methoxyphenyl isocyanate was reacted
with 4-(3-(5-methoxycarbonyl)pyridyloxy)aniline according to Method
C1a to afford the urea.
N-(4-Chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-N'-(4-(3-(5-methoxycarbonylpyridyl-
)oxy)phenyl)urea was saponified according to Method D4, Step 1, and
the corresponding acid was coupled with 4-(2-aminoethyl)morpholine
to afford the amide.
[0223] Entry 72: 4-(3-(5-Methoxycarbonyl)pyridyloxy)aniline was
synthesized according to Method A14.
4-Chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl isocyanate was reacted with
4-(3-(5-methoxycarbonyl)pyridyloxy)aniline according to Method C1a
to afford the urea.
N-(5-(Trifluoromethyl)-2-methoxyphenyl)-N'-(4-(3-(5-methoxycarbonylpyridy-
l)oxy)phenyl)urea was saponified according to Method D4, Step 1,
and the corresponding acid was coupled with methylamine according
to Method D4, Step 2 to afford the amide.
[0224] Entry 73: 4-(3-(5-Methoxycarbonyl)pyridyloxy)aniline was
synthesized according to Method A14.
4-Chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl isocyanate was reacted with
4-(3-(5-methoxycarbonyl)pyridyloxy)aniline according to Method C1a
to afford the urea.
N-(5-(Trifluoromethyl)-2-methoxyphenyl)-N'-(4-(3-(5-methoxycarbonylpyridy-
l)oxy)phenyl)urea was saponified according to Method D4, Step 1,
and the corresponding acid was coupled with
N,N-dimethylethylenediamine according to Method D4, Step 2 to
afford the amide.
[0225] Entry 74: 4-Chloropyridine-2-carbonyl chloride HCl salt was
reacted with 2-hydroxyethylamine according to Method A2, Step 3b to
form
4-chloro-N-(2-triisopropylsilyloxy)ethylpyridine-2-carboxamide.
4-Chloro-N-(2-triisopropylsilyloxy)ethylpyridine-2-carboxamide was
reacted with triisopropylsilyl chloride, followed by 4-aminophenol
according to Method A17 to form
4-(4-(2-(N-(2-triisopropylsilyloxy)ethylcarbamoyl)pyridyloxyaniline.
According to Method C1a, 4-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl
isocyanate was reacted with
4-(4-(2-(N-(2-triisopropylsilyloxy)ethylcarbamoyl)pyridyloxyaniline
to afford
N-(4-chloro-3-((trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-N'-(4-(4-(2-(N-(2-triisopr-
opylsilyloxy)ethylcarbamoyl)pyridyloxyphenyl)urea.
[0226] Entry 75: 4-(3-Carboxyphenoxy)aniline was synthesized
according to Method A11. 4-Chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl
isocyanate was reacted with
4-(3-(5-methoxycarbonyl)pyridyloxy)aniline according to Method C1f
to afford the urea, which was coupled with 3-aminopyridine
according to Method D1c.
[0227] Entry 76: 4-(3-Carboxyphenoxy)aniline was synthesized
according to Method A11. 4-Chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl
isocyanate was reacted with 4-(3-carboxyphenoxy)aniline according
to Method C1f to afford the urea, which was coupled with
N-(4-acetylphenyl)piperazine according to Method D1c.
[0228] Entry 77: 4-(3-Carboxyphenoxy)aniline was synthesized
according to Method A11. 4-Chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl
isocyanate was reacted with 4-(3-carboxyphenoxy)aniline according
to Method C1f to afford the urea, which was coupled with
4-fluoroaniline according to Method D1c.
[0229] Entry 78: 4-(3-Carboxyphenoxy)aniline was synthesized
according to Method A11. 4-Chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl
isocyanate was reacted with 4-(3-carboxyphenoxy)aniline according
to Method C1f to afford the urea, which was coupled with
4-(dimethylamino)aniline according to Method D1c.
[0230] Entry 79: 4-(3-Carboxyphenoxy)aniline was synthesized
according to Method A11. 4-Chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl
isocyanate was reacted with 4-(3-carboxyphenoxy)aniline according
to Method C1f to afford the urea, which was coupled with
N-phenylethylenediamine according to Method D1c.
[0231] Entry 80: 4-(3-Carboxyphenoxy)aniline was synthesized
according to Method A11. 4-Chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl
isocyanate was reacted with 4-(3-carboxyphenoxy)aniline according
to Method C1f to afford the urea, which was coupled with
2-methoxyethylamine according to Method D1c.
[0232] Entry 81: 4-(3-Carboxyphenoxy)aniline was synthesized
according to Method A11. 4-Chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl
isocyanate was reacted with 4-(3-carboxyphenoxy)aniline according
to Method C1f to afford the urea, which was coupled with
5-amino-2-methoxypyridine according to Method D1c.
[0233] Entry 82: 4-(3-Carboxyphenoxy)aniline was synthesized
according to Method A11. 4-Chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl
isocyanate was reacted with 4-(3-carboxyphenoxy)aniline according
to Method C1f to afford the urea, which was coupled with
4-morpholinoaniline according to Method D1c.
[0234] Entry 83: 4-(3-Carboxyphenoxy)aniline was synthesized
according to Method A11. 4-Chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl
isocyanate was reacted with 4-(3-carboxyphenoxy)aniline according
to Method C1f to afford the urea, which was coupled with
N-(2-pyridyl)piperazine according to Method D1c.
[0235] Entry 84: 4-Chloropyridine-2-carbonyl chloride HCl salt was
reacted with 2-hydroxyethylamine according to Method A2, Step 3b to
form
4-chloro-N-(2-triisopropylsilyloxy)ethylpyridine-2-carboxamide.
4-Chloro-N-(2-triisopropylsilyloxy)ethylpyridine-2-carboxamide was
reacted with triisopropylsilyl chloride, followed by 4-aminophenol
according to Method A17 to form
4-(4-(2-(N-(2-triisopropylsilyloxy)ethylcarbamoyl)pyridyloxyaniline.
According to Method C1a, 4-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl
isocyanate was reacted with
4-(4-(2-(N-(2-triisopropylsilyloxy)ethylcarbamoyl)pyridyloxyaniline
to give
N-(4-chloro-3-((trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-N'-(4-(4-(2-(N-(2-triisoprop-
ylsilyloxy)ethylcarbamoyl)pyridyloxyphenyl)urea. The urea was
deprotected according to Method D5 to afford
N-(4-chloro-3-((trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-N'-(4-(4-(2-(N-(2-hydroxy)ethylca-
rbamoyl)pyridyloxyphenyl)urea.
[0236] Entry 85: 4-(2-(N-Methylcarbamoyl)-4-pyridyloxy)aniline was
synthesized according to Method A2.
4-Bromo-3-(trifluoromethyl)aniline was converted to
4-bromo-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl isocyanate according to Method
B1. According to Method C1a, 4-bromo-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl
isocyanate was reacted with
4-(2-(N-methylcarbamoyl)-4-pyridyloxy)aniline to afford the
urea.
[0237] Entry 86:
4-(2-(N-Methylcarbamoyl)-4-pyridyloxy)-2-chloroaniline was
synthesized according to Method A6.
4-Bromo-3-(trifluoromethyl)aniline was converted into
4-bromo-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl isocyanate according to Method
B1. According to Method C1a, 4-bromo-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl
isocyanate was reacted with
4-(2-(N-methylcarbamoyl)-4-pyridyloxy)-2-chloroaniline to afford
the urea.
[0238] Entry 87: According to Method A2, Step 4,
4-amino-2-chlorophenol was reacted with
4-chloro-N-methyl-2-pyridinecarboxamide, which had been synthesized
according to Method A2, Step 3b, to give
4-(2-(N-methylcarbamoyl)-4-pyridyloxy)-3-chloroaniline.
4-Bromo-3-(trifluoromethyl)aniline was converted into
4-bromo-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl isocyanate according to Method
B1. According to Method C1a, 4-bromo-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl
isocyanate was reacted with
4-(2-(N-methylcarbamoyl)-4-pyridyloxy)-3-chloroaniline to afford
the urea.
[0239] Entry 88: 4-Chloropyridine-2-carbonyl chloride was reacted
with ethylamine according to Method A2, Step 3b. The resulting
4-chloro-N-ethyl-2-pyridinecarboxamide was reacted with
4-aminophenol according to Method A2, Step 4 to give
4-(2-(N-ethylcarbamoyl)-4-pyridyloxy)aniline.
4-Bromo-3-(trifluoromethyl)aniline was converted into
4-bromo-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl isocyanate according to Method
B1. According to Method C1a, 4-bromo-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl
isocyanate was reacted with
4-(2-(N-ethylcarbamoyl)-4-pyridyloxy)aniline to afford the
urea.
[0240] Entry 89: 4-Chloro-N-methyl-2-pyridinecarboxamide, which was
synthesized according to Method A2, Step 3a, was reacted with
3-aminophenol according to Method A2, Step 4 to form
3-(-2-(N-methylcarbamoyl)-4-pyridyloxy)aniline.
4-Bromo-3-(trifluoromethyl)aniline was converted into
4-bromo-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl isocyanate according to Method
BI. According to Method C1a, 4-bromo-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl
isocyanate was reacted with
3-(-2-(N-methylcarbamoyl)-4-pyridyloxy)aniline to afford the
urea.
[0241] Entry 90: According to Method A2, Step
4,5-amino-2-methylphenol was reacted with
4-chloro-N-methyl-2-pyridinecarboxamide, which had been synthesized
according to Method A2, Step 3b, to give
3-(2-(N-methylcarbamoyl)-4-pyridyloxy)-4-methylaniline.
4-Bromo-3-(trifluoromethyl)aniline was converted into
4-bromo-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl isocyanate according to Method
B1. According to Method C1a, 4-bromo-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl
isocyanate was reacted with
3-(2-(N-methylcarbamoyl)-4-pyridyloxy)-4-methylaniline to afford
the urea.
[0242] Entry 91: 4-Chloropyridine-2-carbonyl chloride was reacted
with dimethylamine according to Method A2, Step 3b. The resulting
4-chloro-N,N-dimethyl-2-pyridinecarboxamide was reacted with
4-aminophenol according to Method A2, Step 4 to give
4-(2-(N,N-dimethylcarbamoyl)-4-pyridyloxy)aniline.
4-Bromo-3-(trifluoromethyl)aniline was converted into
4-bromo-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl isocyanate according to Method
B1. According to Method C1a, 4-bromo-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl
isocyanate was reacted with
4-(2-(N,N-dimethylcarbamoyl)-4-pyridyloxy)aniline to afford the
urea.
[0243] Entry 92: 4-Chloro-N-methylpyridinecarboxamide was
synthesized as described in Method A2, Step 3b. The chloropyridine
was reacted with 4-aminothiophenol according to Method A2, Step 4
to give 4-(4-(2-(N-methylcarbamoyl)phenylthio)aniline.
4-Bromo-3-(trifluoromethyl)aniline was converted into
4-bromo-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl isocyanate according to Method
B1. According to Method C1a, 4-bromo-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl
isocyanate was reacted with
4-(4-(2-(N-methylcarbamoyl)phenylthio)aniline to afford the
urea.
[0244] Entry 93: 4-Chloro-N-methylpyridinecarboxamide was
synthesized as described in.
[0245] Method A2, Step 3b. The chloropyridine was reacted with
3-aminothiophenol according to Method A2, Step 4 to give
3-(4-(2-(N-methylcarbamoyl)phenylthio)aniline.
4-Bromo-3-(trifluoromethyl)aniline was converted into
4-bromo-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl isocyanate according to Method
B1. According to Method C1a, 4-bromo-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl
isocyanate was reacted with
3-(4-(2-(N-methylcarbamoyl)phenylthio)aniline to afford the
urea.
[0246] Entry 94:
4-(2-(N-(2-Morpholin-4-ylethyl)carbamoyl)pyridyloxy)aniline was
synthesized according to Method A10.
4-Bromo-3-(trifluoromethyl)aniline was converted into
4-bromo-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl isocyanate according to Method
B1. According to Method C1a, 4-bromo-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl
isocyanate was reacted with
4-(2-(N-(2-Morpholin-4-ylethyl)carbamoyl)pyridyloxy)aniline to
afford the urea.
[0247] Entry 95: 4-(2-(N-Methylcarbamoyl)-4-pyridyloxy)aniline was
synthesized according to Method A2.
4-Chloro-2-methoxy-5-(trifluoromethyl)aniline was synthesized
according to Method A7.
4-Chloro-2-methoxy-5-(trifluoromethyl)aniline was converted into
4-chloro-2-methoxy-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl isocyanate according
to Method B1. According to Method C1a,
4-chloro-2-methoxy-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl isocyanate was reacted
with 4-(2-(N-methylcarbamoyl)-4-pyridyloxy)aniline to afford the
urea.
[0248] Entry 96:
4-(2-(N-Methylcarbamoyl)-4-pyridyloxy)-2-chloroaniline was
synthesized according to Method A6.
4-Chloro-2-methoxy-5-(trifluoromethyl)aniline was synthesized
according to Method A7.
4-Chloro-2-methoxy-5-(trifluoromethyl)aniline was converted into
4-chloro-2-methoxy-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl isocyanate according
to Method B1. According to Method C1a,
4-chloro-2-methoxy-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl isocyanate was reacted
with 4-(2-(N-methylcarbamoyl)-4-pyridyloxy)-2-chloroaniline afford
the urea.
[0249] Entry 97: According to Method A2, Step
4,4-amino-2-chlorophenol was reacted with
4-chloro-N-methyl-2-pyridinecarboxamide, which had been synthesized
according to Method A2, Step 3b, to give
4-(2-(N-methylcarbamoyl)-4-pyridyloxy)-3-chloroaniline.
4-Chloro-2-methoxy-5-(trifluoromethyl)aniline was synthesized
according to Method A7.
4-Chloro-2-methoxy-5-(trifluoromethyl)aniline was converted into
4-chloro-2-methoxy-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl isocyanate according
to Method B1. According to Method C1a,
4-chloro-2-methoxy-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl isocyanate was reacted
with 4-(2-(N-methylcarbamoyl)-4-pyridyloxy)-3-chloroaniline to
afford the urea.
[0250] Entry 98: 4-Chloro-N-methyl-2-pyridinecarboxamide, which was
synthesized according to Method A2, Step 3a, was reacted with
3-aminophenol according to Method A2, Step 4 to form
3-(-2-(N-methylcarbamoyl)-4-pyridyloxy)aniline.
4-Chloro-2-methoxy-5-(trifluoromethyl)aniline was synthesized
according to Method A7.
4-Chloro-2-methoxy-5-(trifluoromethyl)aniline was converted into
4-chloro-2-methoxy-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl isocyanate according
to Method B l. According to Method C1a,
4-chloro-2-methoxy-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl isocyanate as was
reacted with 3-(-2-(N-methylcarbamoyl)-4-pyridyloxy)aniline to
afford the urea.
[0251] Entry 99: 4-Chloropyridine-2-carbonyl chloride was reacted
with ethylamine according to Method A2, Step 3b. The resulting
4-chloro-N-ethyl-2-pyridinecarboxamide was reacted with
4-aminophenol according to Method A2, Step 4 to give
4-(2-(N-ethylcarbamoyl)-4-pyridyloxy)aniline.
4-Chloro-2-methoxy-5-(trifluoromethyl)aniline was synthesized
according to Method A7.
4-Chloro-2-methoxy-5-(trifluoromethyl)aniline was converted into
4-chloro-2-methoxy-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl isocyanate according
to Method B1. According to Method C1a,
4-chloro-2-methoxy-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl isocyanate was reacted
with 4-(2-(N-ethylcarbamoyl)-4-pyridyloxy)aniline to afford the
urea.
[0252] Entry 100: 4-Chloropyridine-2-carbonyl chloride was reacted
with dimethylamine according to Method A2, Step 3b. The resulting
4-chloro-N,N-dimethyl-2-pyridinecarboxamide was reacted with
4-aminophenol according to Method A2, Step 4 to give
4-(2-(N,N-dimethylcarbamoyl)-4-pyridyloxy)aniline.
4-Chloro-2-methoxy-5-(trifluoromethyl)aniline was synthesized
according to Method A7.
4-Chloro-2-methoxy-5-(trifluoromethyl)aniline was converted into
4-chloro-2-methoxy-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl isocyanate according
to Method B1. According to Method C1a,
4-chloro-2-methoxy-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl isocyanate was reacted
with 4-(2-(N,N-dimethylcarbamoyl)-4-pyridyloxy)aniline to afford
the urea.
[0253] Entry 101: 4-Chloro-N-methyl-2-pyridinecarboxamide, which
was synthesized according to Method A2, Step 3a, was reacted with
3-aminophenol according to Method A2, Step 4 to form
3-(-2-(N-methylcarbamoyl)-4-pyridyloxy)aniline.
2-Amino-3-methoxynaphthalene was synthesized as described Method
A1. According to Method C3, 2-amino-3-methoxynaphthalene was
reacted with bis(trichloromethyl) carbonate followed by
3-(-2-(N-methylcarbamoyl)-4-pyridyloxy)aniline to form the
urea.
[0254] Entry 102: 4-(2-(N-Methylcarbamoyl)-4-pyridyloxy)aniline was
synthesized according to Method A2.
5-tert-Butyl-2-(2,5-dimethylpyrrolyl)aniline was synthesized
according to Method A4.
5-tert-Butyl-2-(2,5-dimethylpyrrolyl)aniline was reacted with CDI
followed by 4-(2-(N-methylcarbamoyl)-4-pyridyloxy)aniline according
to Method C2d to afford the urea.
[0255] Entry 103: 4-Chloro-N-methyl-2-pyridinecarboxamide was
synthesized according to Method A2, Step 3b.
4-Chloro-N-methyl-2-pyridinecarboxamide was reacted with
4-aminophenol according to Method A2, Step 4 using DMAC in place of
DMF to give 4-(2-(N-methylcarbamoyl)-4-pyridyloxy)aniline.
According to Method C2b, reaction of 3-amino-2-methoxyquinoline
with CDI followed by 4-(2-(N-methylcarbamoyl)-4-pyridyloxy)aniline
afforded bis(4-(2-(N-methylcarbamoyl)-4-pyridyloxy)phenyl)urea.
Tables
[0256] The compounds listed in Tables 1-6 below were synthesized
according to the general methods shown above, and the more detailed
exemplary procedures are in the entry listings above and
characterizations are indicated in the tables.
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 ##STR00077## TLC Mass mp HPLC TLC Solvent
Spec. Synth. Entry R (.degree. C.) (min.) R.sub.f System [Source]
Method 1 ##STR00078## 0.22 50% EtOAc/ 50% hexane 418 (M + H)+ (HPLC
ES-MS) A13 C3 2 ##STR00079## 0.58 50% EtOAc/ 50% hexane 403 (M +
H)+ (HPLC ES-MS) A13 C3 3 ##STR00080## 133-135 0.68 100% EtOAc 448
(M + H)+ (FAB) A8 C2d
TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 ##STR00081## TLC Mass mp HPLC TLC Solvent
Spec. Synth. Entry R (.degree. C.) (min.) R.sub.f System [Source]
Method 4 ##STR00082## 5.93 448 (M + H)+ (HPLC ES-MS) A13 B1 C1a 5
##STR00083## 120-122 0.67 100% EtOAc 478 (M + H)+ (FAB) A8 C2d 6
##STR00084## 0.40 50% EtOAc/ 50% hexane 460 (M + H)+ (HPLC ES-MS)
A3 C2d 7 ##STR00085## 0.79 50% EtOAc/ 50% hexane 446 (M + H)+ (HPLC
ES-MS) A12 C2d
TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 ##STR00086## TLC Mass mp HPLC TLC Solvent
Spec. Synth. Entry R (.degree. C.) (min.) R.sub.f System [Source]
Method 8 ##STR00087## 250 (dec) 460 (M + H)+ (FAB) A13 C2a 9
##STR00088## 206-208 0.54 10% MeOH/ 90% CH2Cl2 446 (M + H)+ (HPLC
ES-MS) A3 step 2, A8 step 4, B1, C1a 10 ##STR00089## 0.33 50%
EtOAc/ 50% pet ether 445 (M + H)+ (HPLC ES-MS) A13 C3 11
##STR00090## 0.20 2% Et3N/ 98% EtOAc 461 (M + H)+ (HPLC ES-MS) A2
C4 12 ##STR00091## 0.27 1% Et3N/ 99% EtOAc 447 (M + H)+ (HPLC ES-MS
A2 C4 13 ##STR00092## 0.62 100% EtOAc 461 (M + H)+ (FAB) A2 C2a 14
##STR00093## 114-117 0.40 1% Et3N/ 99% EtOAc 447 (M + H)+ (FAB) A2
C4 15 ##STR00094## 232-235 0.54 100% EtOAc 490 (M + H)+ (FAB) A8
C2d 16 ##STR00095## 210-213 0.29 5% MeOH/ 45% EtOAc/ 50% pet ether
475 (M + H)+ (HPLC ES-MS) A5 B1 C1c 17 ##STR00096## 187-188 0.17
50% EtOAc/ 50% pet ether 495 (M + H)+ (HPLC ES-MS) A6 B1 C1a 18
##STR00097## 0.48 100% EtOAc 475 (M + H)+ (HPLC ES-MS) A2 step 4,
B1 C1a 19 ##STR00098## 194-196 0.31 5% MeOH/ 45% EtOAc/ 50% pet
ether 475 (M + H)+ (HPLC ES-MS) A2 B1 C1a 20 ##STR00099## 214-216
0.25 5% MeOH/ 45% EtOAc/ 50% pet ether 495 (M + H)+ (HPLC ES-MS) A2
C1a 21 ##STR00100## 208-210 0.30 50% EtOAc/ 50% hexane 481 (M + H)+
(HPLC ES-MS) A19 C2a 22 ##STR00101## 188-190 0.30 70% EtOAc/ 50%
hexane 447 (M + H)+ (HPLC ES-MS) A15, step 4, C1a 23 ##STR00102##
0.50 70% EtOAc/ 30% hexane 472 (M + H)+ (FAB) A3 B1 C1a 24
##STR00103## 203-205 0.13 100% EtOAc 479 (M + H)+ (HPLC ES-MS) A2
B1 C1a 25 ##STR00104## 0.09 75% EtOAc/ 25% hexane 458 (M + H)+
(HPLC ES-MS) A12 C2d 26 ##STR00105## 169-171 0.67 50% EtOAc/ 50%
pet ether 474 (M + H)+ (HPLC ES-MS) A13 step1, A13 step 4, A16, B1
C1a 27 ##STR00106## 218-219 0.40 50% EtOAc/ 50% pet ether 477 (M +
H)+ (HPLC ES-MS) A2 step 3b, A2 step 4, B1, C1a 28 ##STR00107##
212-214 0.30 40% EtOAc/ 60% hexane A9 B1 C1a 29 ##STR00108## 0.33
50% EtOAc/ 50% pet ether 474 (M + H)+ (HPLC ES-MS) AS step 3b, A2
step 4, B1, C1a 30 ##STR00109## 210-211 A2 B1 C1a 31 ##STR00110##
210-204 0.43 10% MeOH/CH2Cl2 A14 B1 C1a D4 32 ##STR00111## 247-249
0.57 10% MeOH/ CH2Cl2 A14 B1 C1a D4 33 ##STR00112## 217-219 0.07
10% MeOH/ CH2Cl2 A14 B1 C1a D4 34 ##STR00113## 0.11 70% EtOAc/ 30%
hexane A11 B1 C1f D1c 35 ##STR00114## 0.38 70% EtOAc/ 30% hexane
A11 B1 C1f D1c 36 ##STR00115## 0.77 70% EtOAc/ 30% hexane A11 B1
C1f D1c 37 ##STR00116## 0.58 70% EtOAc/ 30% hexane A11 B1 C1f D1c
38 ##STR00117## 0.58 70% EtOAc/ 30% hexane A11 B1 C1f D1c 39
##STR00118## 0.17 70% EtOAc/ 30% hexane A11 B1 C1f D1c 40
##STR00119## 0.21 70% EtOAc/ 30% hexane A11 B1 C1f D1c
TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 ##STR00120## TLC Mass mp HPLC TLC Solvent
Spec. Synth. Entry R (.degree. C.) (min.) R.sub.f System [Source]
Method 41 ##STR00121## 163-165 0.08 50% EtOAc/ 50% pet ether 464 (M
+ H)+ (HPLC ES-MS) A13 C3 42 ##STR00122## 215 0.06 50% EtOAc/ 50%
pet ether 465 (M + H)+ (HPLC ES-MS) A2 C1a 43 ##STR00123## 0.10 50%
EtOAc/ 50% pet ether 451 (M + H)+ (HPLC ES-MS) A2 C1a 44
##STR00124## 0.25 30% EtOAc/ 70% pet ether 451 (M + H)+ (HPLC
ES-MS) A2 C1a 45 ##STR00125## 0.31 30% EtOAc/ 70% pet ether 465 (M
+ H)+ (HPLC ES-MS) A2 C1a 46 ##STR00126## 176-179 0.23 40% EtOAc/
60% hexane 476 (M + H)+ (FAB) A3 C1a 47 ##STR00127## 0.29 5% MeOH/
45% EtOAc/ 50% pet ether 478 (M + H)+ (HPLC ES-MS) A5 C1c 48
##STR00128## 206-209 A15 C1a 49 ##STR00129## 147-151 0.22 50%
EtOAc/ 50% pet ether 499 (M + H)+ (HPLC ES-MS) A6 C1a 50
##STR00130## 0.54 100% EtOAc 479 (M + H)+ (HPLC ES-MS) A2 C1a 51
##STR00131## 187-189 0.33 5% MeOH/ 45% EtOAc/ 50% pet ether 479 (M
+ H)+ (HPLC ES-MS) A2 C1a 52 ##STR00132## 219 0.18 5% MeOH/ 45%
EtOAc/ 50% pet ether 499 (M + H)+ (HPLC ES-MS) A2 C1a 53
##STR00133## 246-248 0.30 50% EtOAc/ 50% hexane 485 (M + H)+ (HPLC
ES-MS) A19, C1a 54 ##STR00134## 196-200 0.30 70% EtOAc/ 30% hexane)
502 (M + H)+ (HPLC ES-MS) A15 C1a 55 ##STR00135## 228-230 0.30 30%
EtOAc/ 70% CH2Cl2 466 (M + H)+ (HPLC ES-MS) 56 ##STR00136## 238-245
57 ##STR00137## 221-222 0.75 80% EtOAc/ 20% hexane 492 (M + H)+
(FAB) C1d D1a 58 ##STR00138## 247 0.35 100% EtOAc C1d D1a D2 59
##STR00139## 198-200 0.09 100% EtOAc 479 (M + H)+ (HPLC ES-MS) A2
C1a 60 ##STR00140## 158-160 0.64 50% EtOAc/ 50% pet ether 61
##STR00141## 195-197 0.39 10% MeOH/ CH2Cl2 A13 C1a 62 ##STR00142##
170-172 0.52 10% MeOH/ CH2Cl2 A13 C1a 63 ##STR00143## 168-171 0.39
10% MeOH/ CH2Cl2 A13 C1a 64 ##STR00144## 176-177 0.35 10% MeOH/
CH2Cl2 A13 C1a 65 ##STR00145## 130-133 487 (M + H)+ (HPLC ES-MS A2
B1 C1a 66 ##STR00146## 155 A2 C1a 67 ##STR00147## 225-229 0.23 100%
EtOAc C1e D3 D1b 68 ##STR00148## 234-236 0.29 40% EtOAc/ 60% hexane
A9 C1a 69 ##STR00149## 0.48 50% EtOAc/ 50% pet ether 481 (M + H)+
(HPLC ES-MS) 70 ##STR00150## 0.46 5% MeOH/ 95% CH2Cl2 564 (M + H)+
(HPLC ES-MS) A10 C1a 71 ##STR00151## 199-201 0.50 10% MeOH/ CH2Cl2
A14 C1a D4 72 ##STR00152## 235-237 0.55 10% MeOH/ CH2Cl2 A14 C1a D4
73 ##STR00153## 200-201 0.21 50% MeOH/ CH2Cl2 A14 C1a D4 74
##STR00154## 145-148 75 ##STR00155## 0.12 70% EtOAc/ 30% hexane 527
(M + H)+ (HPLC ES-MS) A11 C1f D1c 76 ##STR00156## 0.18 70% EtOAc/
30% hexane A11 C1f D1c 77 ##STR00157## 0.74 70% EtOAc/ 30% hexane
A11 C1f D1c 78 ##STR00158## 0.58 70% EtOAc/ 30% hexane A121 C1f D1c
79 ##STR00159## 0.47 70% EtOAc/ 30% hexane 569 (M + H)+ (HPLC
ES-MS) A11 C1f D1c 80 ##STR00160## 0.18 70% EtOAc/ 30% hexane 508
(M + H)+ (HPLC ES-MS) A11 C1f D1e 81 ##STR00161## 0.58 70% EtOAc/
30% hexane 557 (M + H)+ (HPLC ES-MS) A11 C1f D1e 82 ##STR00162##
0.37 70% EtOAc/ 30% hexane 611 (M + H)+ (HPLC ES-MS) A11 C1f D1c 83
##STR00163## 0.19 70% EtOAc/ 30% hexane A11 C1f D1c 84 ##STR00164##
179-183 A2 A17 C1a D5
TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 5 ##STR00165## TLC Mass mp HPLC TLC Solvent
Spec. Synth. Entry R (.degree. C.) (min.) R.sub.f System [Source]
Method 85 ##STR00166## 186-187 0.13 50% EtOAc/ 50% pet ether 509 (M
+ H)+ (HPLC ES-MS) A2 B1 C1a 86 ##STR00167## 150-152 0.31 50%
EtOAc/ 50% pet ether 545 (M + H)+ (HPLC ES-MS) A6 B1 C1a 87
##STR00168## 217-219 0.16 50% EtOAc/ 50% pet ether 545 (M + H)+
(HPLC ES-MS) A2 B1 C1a 88 ##STR00169## 183-184 0.31 50% EtOAc/ 50%
pet ether 525 (M + H)+ (HPLC ES-MS) A2 B1 C1a 89 ##STR00170## 0.21
50% EtOAc/ 50% pet ether 511 (M + H)+ (HPLC ES-MS) A2 B1 C1a 90
##STR00171## 0.28 50% EtOAc/ 50% pet ether 525 (M + H)+ (HPLC
ES-MS) A2 B1 C1a 91 ##STR00172## 214-216 0.28 50% EtOAc/ 50% pet
ether 522 (M + H)+ (HPLC ES-MS) A2 B1 C1a 92 ##STR00173## 0.47 50%
EtOAc/ 50% pet ether 527 (M + H)+ (HPLC ES-MS) A2 step 3b A2 step
4, B1, C1a 93 ##STR00174## 0.46 50% EtOAc/ 50% pet ether 527 (M +
H)+ (HPLC ES-MS) A2 step 3b, A2 step 4, B1 C1a 94 ##STR00175##
145-150 0.41 5% MeOH/ 95% CH2Cl2 A10 B1 C1a
TABLE-US-00006 TABLE 6 ##STR00176## TLC Mass mp HPLC TLC Solvent
Spec. Synth. Entry R (.degree. C.) (min.) R.sub.f System [Source]
Method 95 ##STR00177## 140-144 0.29 5% MeOH/ 45% EtOAc/ 50% pet
ether 495 (M + H)+ (HPLC ES-MS) A2 A7 B1 C1a 96 ##STR00178##
244-245 0.39 5% MeOH/ 45% EtOAc/ 50% pet ether 529 (M + H)+ (HPLC
ES-MS) A6 A7 B1 C1a 97 ##STR00179## 220-221 0.25 5% MeOH/ 45%
EtOAc/ 50% pet ether 529 (M + H)+ (HPLC ES-MS) A2 A7 B1 C1a 98
##STR00180## 0.27 5% MeOH/ 45% EtOAc/ 50% pet ether 495 (M + H)+
(HPLC ES-MS) A2 A7 B1 C1a 99 ##STR00181## 180-181 0.52 5% MeOH/ 45%
EtOAc/ 50% pet ether 509 (M + H)+ (HPLC ES-MS) A2 A7 B1 C1a 100
##STR00182## 162-165 A2 A7 B1 C1a
TABLE-US-00007 TABLE 7 Additional Ureas TLC Mass mp HPLC TLC
Solvent Spec. Synth. Entry R (.degree. C.) (min.) R.sub.f System
[Source] Method 101 ##STR00183## 162-165 A1 A2 C3 102 ##STR00184##
0.10 50% EtOAc/ 50% hexane 422 (M + H)+ (HPLC ES-MS) A2 A4 C2d 103
##STR00185## 125-130 0.24 40% EtOAc/ 60% hexane 512 (M + H)+ (FAB)
A2 C2b
Biological Examples
P38 Kinase Assay
[0257] The in vitro inhibitory properties of compounds were
determined using a p38 kinase inhibition assay. P38 activity was
detected using an in vitro kinase assay run in 96-well microtiter
plates. Recombinant human p38 (0.5 .mu.g/mL) was mixed with
substrate (myelin basic protein, 5 .mu.g/mL) in kinase buffer (25
mM Hepes, 20 mM MgCl.sub.2 and 150 mM NaCl) and compound. One
.mu.Ci/well of .sup.33P-labeled ATP (10 .mu.M) was added to a final
volume of 100 .mu.L. The reaction was run at 32.degree. C. for 30
min. and stopped with a 1M HCl solution. The amount of
radioactivity incorporated into the substrate was determined by
trapping the labeled substrate onto negatively charged glass fiber
filter paper using a 1% phosphoric acid solution and read with a
scintillation counter. Negative controls include substrate plus ATP
alone.
[0258] All compounds exemplified displayed p38 IC.sub.50s of
between 1 nM and 10 .mu.M.
LPS Induced TNF.alpha. Production in Mice:
[0259] The in vivo inhibitory properties of selected compounds were
determined using a murine LPS induced TNF.alpha. production in vivo
model. BALB/c mice (Charles River Breeding Laboratories; Kingston,
N.Y.) in groups of ten were treated with either vehicle or compound
by the route noted. After one hour, endotoxin (E. coli
lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 100 .mu.g) was administered
intraperitoneally (i.p.). After 90 min, animals were euthanized by
carbon dioxide asphyxiation and plasma was obtained from individual
animals by cardiac puncture into heparinized tubes. The samples
were clarified by centrifugation at 12,500.times.g for 5 min at
4.degree. C. The supernatants were decanted to new tubes, which
were stored as needed at -20.degree. C. TNF.alpha. levels in sera
were measured using a commercial murine TNF ELISA kit
(Genzyme).
[0260] The preceding examples can be repeated with similar success
by substituting the generically or specifically described reactants
and/or operating conditions of this invention for those used in the
preceding examples.
[0261] From the foregoing discussion, one skilled in the art can
easily ascertain the essential characteristics of this invention
and, without departing from the spirit and scope thereof, can make
various changes and modifications of the invention to adapt it to
various usages and conditions.
* * * * *