U.S. patent application number 11/921301 was filed with the patent office on 2009-05-07 for metal-processing oil composition and metal-processing method.
This patent application is currently assigned to Kyodo Yushi Co., Ltd.. Invention is credited to Koichi Goto, Satoshi Mima, Setsuo Sasaki, Atsuya Ueda.
Application Number | 20090118151 11/921301 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 37481675 |
Filed Date | 2009-05-07 |
United States Patent
Application |
20090118151 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Sasaki; Setsuo ; et
al. |
May 7, 2009 |
Metal-Processing Oil Composition and Metal-Processing Method
Abstract
The present invention provides a water-soluble metal-processing
oil composition which is excellent in putrefaction resistant
properties and sparingly has any bad influence upon global
environment and human body and a method for processing metals which
makes use of the metal-processing oil composition. The
metal-processing oil composition of the invention comprises an
amine carrying a linear or branched alkyl group having not less
than 4 carbon atoms (component A) in an amount ranging from 0.5 to
20% and an amine carrying a cycloalkyl ring or a benzene ring
(component B) in an amount ranging from 0.5 to 20% and the method
for processing metals is characterized in that it uses the
metal-processing oil composition.
Inventors: |
Sasaki; Setsuo; (Kanagawa,
JP) ; Goto; Koichi; (Kanagawa, JP) ; Ueda;
Atsuya; (Kanagawa, JP) ; Mima; Satoshi;
(Kanagawa, JP) |
Correspondence
Address: |
NIXON & VANDERHYE, PC
901 NORTH GLEBE ROAD, 11TH FLOOR
ARLINGTON
VA
22203
US
|
Assignee: |
Kyodo Yushi Co., Ltd.
Fujisawa-shi, Kanagawa
JP
|
Family ID: |
37481675 |
Appl. No.: |
11/921301 |
Filed: |
June 1, 2006 |
PCT Filed: |
June 1, 2006 |
PCT NO: |
PCT/JP2006/310972 |
371 Date: |
November 30, 2007 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
508/545 |
Current CPC
Class: |
C10N 2030/16 20130101;
C10M 2209/103 20130101; C10M 2207/126 20130101; C10N 2040/22
20130101; C10M 173/00 20130101; C10M 2207/021 20130101; C10M
2207/127 20130101; C10M 2203/06 20130101; C10M 2215/04 20130101;
C10M 2201/02 20130101; C10N 2040/20 20130101; C10M 169/04 20130101;
C10M 133/06 20130101; C10M 2215/044 20130101; C10M 2215/042
20130101; C10M 2207/289 20130101; C10M 2207/128 20130101; C10M
173/02 20130101; C10M 2207/126 20130101; C10M 2207/126 20130101;
C10M 2207/126 20130101; C10M 2207/126 20130101; C10M 2207/126
20130101; C10M 2215/04 20130101; C10M 2215/04 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
508/545 |
International
Class: |
C10M 133/06 20060101
C10M133/06 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Jun 1, 2005 |
JP |
2005-161660 |
Claims
1. A metal-processing oil composition comprising an amine carrying
a linear or branched alkyl group having not less than 4 carbon
atoms (component A) in an amount ranging from 0.5 to 20% and an
amine carrying a cycloalkyl ring or a benzene ring (component B) in
an amount ranging from 0.5 to 20%.
2. The metal-processing oil composition as set forth in claim 1,
wherein the component A is represented by the following general
formula 1: ##STR00003## wherein R.sup.1 represents an alkyl group
having not less than 4 carbon atoms or an oxyalkyl group having not
less than 4 carbon atoms; R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 represent at least
one member selected from the group consisting of groups represented
by the formula: (C.sub.xH.sub.2xO).sub.yH, H, alkyl groups each
having not less than 4 carbon atoms or oxyalkyl groups each having
not less than 4 carbon atoms; x is an integer ranging from 2 to 4
and y is 1 or 2.
3. The metal-processing oil composition as set forth in claim 1,
wherein the component B is at least one member selected from amines
represented by the following general formulas 2 to 5: ##STR00004##
wherein R.sup.4 to R.sup.11 may be the same or different and
represent H or (C.sub.xH.sub.2xO).sub.nH, x is an integer ranging
from 2 to 4 and n is an integer ranging from 1 to 3; R.sup.12 and
R.sup.13 may be the same or different and represent H or
C.sub.6H.sub.11 (cyclohexyl group) or (C.sub.xH.sub.2xO).sub.nH, x
is an integer ranging from 2 to 4 and n is an integer ranging from
1 to 3; R.sup.14 to R.sup.16 may be the same or different and
represent H or (C.sub.xH.sub.2xO).sub.nH, x is an integer ranging
from 2 to 4 and n is an integer ranging from 1 to 3; R.sup.17
represents a group: C.sub.xH.sub.2x, and x is an integer ranging
from 2 to 4.
4. The metal-processing oil composition as set forth in claim 1,
wherein the component A is an amine represented by the foregoing
general formula 1, wherein R.sup.1 represents an alkyl group having
4 to 12 carbon atoms, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 each represent at least
one member selected from the group consisting of
(C.sub.xH.sub.2xO).sub.yH, H and alkyl groups having 4 to 12 carbon
atoms, x is an integer ranging from 2 to 4, and y is 1 or 2.
5. The metal-processing oil composition as set forth in claim 1,
wherein the component A is an amine represented by the foregoing
general formula 1, in which R.sup.1 represents an alkyl group
having 4 carbon atoms, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 each represent at least
one member selected from the group consisting of
(C.sub.xH.sub.2xO).sub.yH, H and alkyl groups having 4 carbon
atoms, x is an integer ranging from 2 to 4, and y is 1 or 2.
6. The metal-processing oil composition as set forth in claim 1,
wherein the component A is a secondary amine represented by the
foregoing general formula 1, in which R.sup.1 represents n-butyl or
t-butyl group, R.sup.2 represents a group:
(C.sub.xH.sub.2xO).sub.yH, R.sup.3 represents H, x is an integer
ranging from 2 to 4, and y is 1 or 2.
7. The metal-processing oil composition as set forth in claim 1,
wherein the component A is n-butyl monoethanolamine or t-butyl mono
ethanol amine.
8. The metal-processing oil composition as set forth in claim 1,
wherein the component B is an amine represented by the foregoing
general formula 2 or 3, in which R.sup.4 to R.sup.11 may be the
same or different and each represent H or
(C.sub.xH.sub.2xO).sub.nH, x is an integer ranging from 2 to 4 and
n is an integer ranging from 1 to 3.
9. The metal-processing oil composition as set forth in claim 1,
wherein the component B is an amine represented by the foregoing
general formula 2 or 3, wherein R.sup.4 to R.sup.11 represent
H.
10. The metal-processing oil composition as set forth in claim 1,
wherein the component B is an amine represented by the foregoing
general formula 4.
11. The metal-processing oil composition as set forth in claim 10,
wherein the component B is dicyclohexylamine.
12. The metal-processing oil composition as set forth in claim 10,
wherein the component B is an amine represented by the general
formula 4, wherein R.sup.12 and R.sup.13 may be the same or
different and each represent a group: (C.sub.2H.sub.2xO).sub.nH, x
is an integer ranging from 2 to 4 and n is an integer ranging from
1 to 3.
13. The metal-processing oil composition as set forth in claim 12,
wherein the component B is an amine represented by the general
formula 4, wherein R.sup.12 and R.sup.13 may be the same or
different and each represent a group: (C.sub.2H.sub.4O).sub.nH, and
n is an integer ranging from 1 to 3.
14. The metal-processing oil composition as set forth in claim 1,
wherein the component B is an amine represented by the foregoing
general formula 5.
15. The metal-processing oil composition as set forth in claim 14,
wherein the component B is an amine represented by the general
formula 5, wherein R.sup.14 to R.sup.16 may be the same or
different and each represent H or (C.sub.2H.sub.4O).sub.nH, and n
is an integer ranging from 1 to 3.
16. A method for processing a metal characterized in that the
method makes use of the metal-processing oil composition as set
forth in claim 1.
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present invention relates to a water-soluble
metal-processing oil composition which can widely be applied to
metal-processing methods including cutting and grinding processing
methods and even plastic forming methods and a method for
processing metals which makes use of the metal-processing oil
composition and more particularly to a water-soluble
metal-processing oil composition excellent in putrefaction
resistant properties and a method for processing metals which makes
use of the metal-processing oil composition.
BACKGROUND ART
[0002] There have been known, as cutting oils (or lubricants for
cutting processing) widely used in the fields of cutting and
grinding processing, water-insoluble cutting oils which comprise a
mineral oil as a base oil, and water-soluble cutting oils which
comprise, for instance, a mineral oil, a surfactant and an organic
amine and which are diluted with water before use.
[0003] In this connection, a compound, called preservative, is
added to water-soluble cutting oil or an amine having a
preservative effect is incorporated into the cutting oil, in order
to improve the putrefaction resistant properties of the cutting
oil.
[0004] However, there have recently been required further saving of
natural resources of the earth and the prevention of any
deterioration of global environment and there has also been
desired, even in the field of cutting oils, for the development of
a cutting oil or a lubricant which is less harmful to global
environment and which can further be used over a longest possible
extended period of time, as compared with the conventionally
developed oils.
[0005] As such water-soluble metal-processing oils, there have
conventionally been known, for instance, a water-soluble
metal-processing cutting oil composition which makes use of Mentha
(peppermint) oil (see Patent Document 1); a water-soluble
metal-processing cutting oil composition which makes use of
cinnamon oil (see Patent Document 2); a water-soluble
metal-processing cutting oil which makes use of an aromatic amine
or an alicyclic amine (see Patent Document 3); a water-soluble
metal-processing cutting oil which makes use of a benzole compound
and a p-oxybenzoic acid ester compound (see Patent Document 4); an
anti-bacterial water-soluble cutting oil which makes use of an
alkylene-diamine (see Patent Document 5); a water-soluble cutting
oil composition which makes use of a fatty acid
alkanolamide-ethylene oxide adduct and an alkylamine-ethylene oxide
adduct, an alicyclic amine-ethylene oxide adduct, a fatty
acid-higher alcohol adduct (see Patent Document 6); a water-soluble
cutting/grinding oil which makes use of, for instance, a primary,
secondary or tertiary alkylamine, an aromatic diamine-oxyalkylene
adduct, and an alicyclic diamine-oxyalkylene adduct (see Patent
Document 7); and such a water-soluble metal-processing cutting oil
composition which comprises a primary alkanolamine, a carboxylic
acid having 6 to 24 carbon atoms and a specific alkylene-diamine
(see Patent Document 8).
[0006] However, these water-soluble metal-processing cutting oils
are effective for controlling general bacteria, but do not show any
sufficient effect on fungi and yeast. In this respect, those
effective to control fungi and yeast make use of a
halogen-containing compound, a polycyclic aromatic compound, a
phenolic compound or a metal salt, some of these compounds are
specified to be subjects for the PRTR (pollutant release and
transfer register) regulation or control and they may adversely
affect human body.
[0007] From the foregoing standpoints, the inventors of this
invention have conducted further investigations of main components
(raw materials) used in cutting oils and as a result, they have
found that substances showing putrefaction resistant properties
such as preservatives and amines suffer from the following
problems:
[0008] As typical compounds serving as such preservatives, there
can be listed, for instance, chlorine atom-containing compounds,
bromine atom-containing compounds, fluorine atom-containing
compounds. The metal-processing oils in general generate waste oils
after practically using the same. In this connection, if the waste
oil is disposed, for instance, through combustion, the incinerator
would be damaged by the action of gases generated through the
combustion of waste oil such as chlorine gas or hydrogen chloride
gas and this would correspondingly lead to considerable reduction
of service life of the incinerator. In addition, it has been
recognized that a part of such chlorine atom-containing additive
would result in generation of dioxin through or during the
foregoing incineration treatment.
[0009] On the other hand, there has been a strong movement to hold
the use of amines since some of them would be considered to be
quite harmful to human body. For instance, monoethanolamine which
is specified as a substance to be regulated on the basis of the
provisions stipulated in the PRTR law and enforced since last year
and secondary amines may have a high probability of generating
nitrosamines which serve as carcinogenic substances when they are
used in combination with a nitrite.
[0010] However, preservatives or amines have been considered to be
essential compounds to improve putrefaction resistant properties of
cutting oils.
[0011] Patent Document 1: Japanese Patent No. 2,676,056;
[0012] Patent Document 2: Japanese Patent No. 2,645,675;
[0013] Patent Document 3: Japanese Patent No. 2,510,233;
[0014] Patent Document 4: Japanese Examined Patent Publication Hei
7-37632;
[0015] Patent Document 5: Japanese Examined Patent Publication Hei
7-30348;
[0016] Patent Document 6: Japanese Examined Patent Publication Hei
6-31388;
[0017] Patent Document 7: Japanese Un-Examined Patent Publication
Hei 9-316482; and
[0018] Patent Document 8: Japanese Examined Patent Publication Hei
6-76590.
DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION
Problems that the Invention is to Solve
[0019] It is an object of the present invention to provide a
water-soluble metal-processing oil composition which can widely be
applied to metal-processing operations including cutting and
grinding processing operations and even plastic forming operations
and a method for processing metals which makes use of the
metal-processing oil composition. More particularly, it is an
object of the present invention to provide a water-soluble
metal-processing oil composition excellent in putrefaction
resistant properties and a method for processing metals which makes
use of the metal-processing oil composition.
[0020] It is another object of the present invention to provide a
water-soluble metal-processing oil composition which is excellent
in putrefaction resistant properties and sparingly has any bad
influence upon global environment and human body and a method for
processing metals which makes use of the metal-processing oil
composition.
Means for Solving the Problems
[0021] The inventors of this invention have conducted various
studies to accomplish the foregoing objects, have found that when a
specific amine is incorporated into a metal-processing oil
composition in a specific rate as a substitute for conventionally
used preservative or amine, the resulting metal-processing oil
composition shows putrefaction resistant properties superior to
that observed for the cutting oil comprising the conventional
preservative or amine and have thus completed the present
invention. Accordingly, the present invention provides a
water-soluble metal-processing oil composition and a method for
processing metals which makes use of the metal-processing oil
composition as will be detailed below:
1. A metal-processing oil composition comprising an amine carrying
a linear or branched alkyl group having not less than 4 carbon
atoms (component A) in an amount ranging from 0.5 to 20% and an
amine carrying a cycloalkyl ring or a benzene ring (component B) in
an amount ranging from 0.5 to 20%. 2. The metal-processing oil
composition as set forth in the foregoing item 1, wherein the
component A is represented by the following general formula 1:
##STR00001##
wherein R.sup.1 represents an alkyl group having not less than 4
carbon atoms or an oxyalkyl group having not less than 4 carbon
atoms; R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 represent at least one member selected
from the group consisting of groups represented by the formula:
(C.sub.xH.sub.2xO).sub.yH, H, alkyl groups each having not less
than 4 carbon atoms or oxyalkyl groups each having not less than 4
carbon atoms; x is an integer ranging from 2 to 4 and y is 1 or 2.
3. The metal-processing oil composition as set forth in the
foregoing item 1 or 2, wherein the component B is at least one
member selected from amines represented by the following general
formulas 2 to 5:
##STR00002##
wherein R.sup.4 to R.sup.11 may be the same or different and
represent H or (C.sub.xH.sub.2xO).sub.nH, x is an integer ranging
from 2 to 4 and n is an integer ranging from 1 to 3;
[0022] R.sup.12 and R.sup.13 may be the same or different and
represent H or C.sub.6H.sub.11 (cyclohexyl group) or
(C.sub.xH.sub.2xO).sub.nH, x is an integer ranging from 2 to 4 and
n is an integer ranging from 1 to 3;
[0023] R.sup.14 to R.sup.16 may be the same or different and
represent H or (C.sub.xH.sub.2xO).sub.nH, x is an integer ranging
from 2 to 4 and n is an integer ranging from 1 to 3;
[0024] R.sup.17 represents a group: C.sub.xH.sub.2x, and x is an
integer ranging from 2 to 4.
4. The metal-processing oil composition as set forth in any one of
the foregoing items 1 to 3, wherein the component A is an amine
represented by the foregoing general formula 1, wherein R.sup.1
represents an alkyl group having 4 to 12 carbon atoms, R.sup.2 and
R.sup.3 each represent at least one member selected from the group
consisting of (C.sub.xH.sub.2xO).sub.nH, H and alkyl groups having
4 to 12 carbon atoms, x is an integer ranging from 2 to 4, and y is
1 or 2. 5. The metal-processing oil composition as set forth in any
one of the foregoing items 1 to 4, wherein the component A is an
amine represented by the foregoing general formula 1, in which
R.sup.1 represents an alkyl group having 4 carbon atoms, R.sup.2
and R.sup.3 each represent at least one member selected from the
group consisting of (C.sub.xH.sub.2xO).sub.yH, H and alkyl groups
having 4 carbon atoms, x is an integer ranging from 2 to 4, and y
is 1 or 2. 6. The metal-processing oil composition as set forth in
any one of the foregoing items 1 to 5, wherein the component A is a
secondary amine represented by the foregoing general formula 1, in
which R.sup.1 represents n-butyl or t-butyl group, R.sup.2
represents a group: (C.sub.xH.sub.2xO).sub.yH, R.sup.3 represents
H, x is an integer ranging from 2 to 4, and y is 1 or 2. 7. The
metal-processing oil composition as set forth in any one of the
foregoing items 1 to 6, wherein the component A is n-butyl
monoethanolamine or t-butyl monoethanolamine. 8. The
metal-processing oil composition as set forth in any one of the
foregoing items 1 to 7, wherein the component B is an amine
represented by the foregoing general formula 2 or 3, in which
R.sup.4 to R.sup.11 may be the same or different and each represent
H or (C.sub.xH.sub.2xO).sub.nH, x is an integer ranging from 2 to 4
and n is an integer ranging from 1 to 3. 9. The metal-processing
oil composition as set forth in any one of the foregoing items 1 to
8, wherein the component B is an amine represented by the foregoing
general formula 2 or 3, wherein R.sup.4 to R.sup.11 represent H.
10. The metal-processing oil composition as set forth in any one of
the foregoing items 1 to 7, wherein the component B is an amine
represented by the foregoing general formula 4. 11. The
metal-processing oil composition as set forth in the foregoing item
10, wherein the component B is dicyclohexylamine. 12. The
metal-processing oil composition as set forth in the foregoing item
10, wherein the component B is an amine represented by the general
formula 4, wherein R.sup.12 and R.sup.13 may be the same or
different and each represent a group: (C.sub.xH.sub.2xO).sub.nH, x
is an integer ranging from 2 to 4 and n is an integer ranging from
1 to 3. 13. The metal-processing oil composition as set forth in
the foregoing item 12, wherein the component B is an amine
represented by the general formula 4, wherein R.sup.12 and R.sup.13
may be the same or different and each represent a group:
(C.sub.2H.sub.4O).sub.nH, and n is an integer ranging from 1 to 3.
14. The metal-processing oil composition as set forth in any one of
the foregoing items 1 to 7, wherein the component B is an amine
represented by the foregoing general formula 5. 15. The
metal-processing oil composition as set forth in the foregoing item
14, wherein the component B is an amine represented by the general
formula 5, wherein R.sup.14 to R.sup.16 may be the same or
different and each represent H or (C.sub.2H.sub.4O).sub.nH, and n
is an integer ranging from 1 to 3. 16. A method for processing a
metal characterized in that the method makes use of the
metal-processing oil composition as set forth in any one of the
foregoing items 1 to 15.
EFFECTS OF THE INVENTION
[0025] The water-soluble metal-processing oil composition according
to the present invention shows excellent working characteristics in
the metal processing steps including cutting and grinding
processing operations. In addition, the metal-processing oil
composition is likewise excellent in putrefaction resistant
characteristics and sparingly has any bad influence upon global
environment and human body. The metal-processing oil composition of
the present invention can exert antibacterial effects not only on
general bacteria, but also fungi such as mold and yeast due to
synergistic effect observed when using a specific water-soluble
amine and a specific water-insoluble amine in combination and
accordingly, the metal-processing oil composition shows
putrefaction resistant effect considerably higher than that
observed for conventional metal-processing oil composition.
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
[0026] The metal-processing oil composition (stock solution) of the
present invention is characterized in that it comprises, on the
basis of the total amount of the composition, an amine carrying a
linear or branched alkyl group having not less than 4 carbon atoms
(component A) in an amount ranging from 0.5 to 20% (in this
specification, the term "%" means "% by mass" unless otherwise
specified) and an amine carrying a cycloalkyl ring or a benzene
ring (component B) in an amount ranging from 0.5 to 20%.
[0027] The amine carrying a linear or branched alkyl group having
not less than 4 carbon atoms, as the component A, may be, for
instance, n-butyl monoethanolamine, n-butyl diethanolamine,
di-n-butyl monoethanolamine, t-butyl monoethanolamine, t-butyl
diethanolamine, di-t-butyl monoethanolamine, n-butyl
monoisopropanolamine, n-butyl diisopropanolamine, di-n-butyl
monoisopropanolamine, t-butyl mono-isopropanolamine, t-butyl
diisopropanolamine, di-t-butyl monoisopropanolamine, n-octyl
monoethanolamine, n-octyl diethanolamine, di-n-octyl
monoethanolamine, n-lauryl diethanolamine, and di-n-lauryl
monoethanolamine.
[0028] The amine carrying a cycloalkyl ring or a benzene ring, as
the component B, may be, for instance, 1,3-bisaminomethyl
cyclohexane, 1,3-bisaminomethyl cyclohexane-ethylene oxide adducts,
1,3-bisaminomethyl cyclohexane-propylene oxide adducts,
m-xylene-diamine, m-xylene-diamine-ethylene oxide adducts,
m-xylene-diamine-propylene oxide adducts, cyclohexylamine,
di-cyclohexylamine, cyclohexylamine-ethylene oxide adducts,
cyclohexylamine-propylene oxide adducts,
cyclohexyl-ethylenediamine, cyclohexyl-propylenediamine,
cyclohexyl-butylenediamine, cyclohexyl-ethylenediamine-ethylene
oxide adducts, cyclohexyl-propylenediamine-ethylene oxide adducts,
and cyclohexyl-butylenediamine-ethylene oxide adducts. These amines
may be used alone or in any combination of a plurality of these
amines.
[0029] The metal-processing oil composition of the present
invention comprises at least one amine carrying a linear or
branched alkyl group having not less than 4 carbon atoms (component
A) and at least one amine carrying a cycloalkyl ring or a benzene
ring (component B), as essential components. In this connection,
examples of the components A preferably used herein are n-butyl
monoethanolamine, and t-butyl monoethanolamine; and examples of the
components B preferably used herein are cyclohexyl propyldiamine,
dicyclohexylamine and cyclohexylamine-ethylene oxide adducts, and
more preferably, the combination of cyclohexyl propyldiamine with
dicyclohexylamine, or the combination of cyclohexylamine-ethylene
oxide adducts with dicyclohexylamine.
[0030] The metal-processing oil composition of the present
invention is characterized in that it comprises the component A and
the component B in a specific mixing ratio. More specifically, the
amount of the component A ranges from 0.5 to 20%, preferably 0.5 to
15% and more preferably 2 to 8%; and the amount of the component B
ranges from 0.5 to 20%, preferably 0.5 to 15% and more preferably 2
to 8%.
[0031] If the amount of the component A is less than 0.5% and/or
that of the component B is less than 0.5%, the resulting
metal-processing oil composition does not show any desired
putrefaction resistant characteristics.
[0032] On the other hand, if the amount of the component A exceeds
20% or that of the component B exceeds 20%, the resulting
metal-processing oil composition has a strong stimulation to the
skin and may become a cause of skin roughness-generation and
accordingly, the composition cannot suitably be used as a
metal-processing oil. For this reason, the upper limits of the
components A and B are preferably not more than 15%,
respectively.
[0033] Furthermore, the foregoing component A may comprise a single
component or a mixture of at least two components and the same is
also true for the component B.
[0034] In addition, the water-soluble metal-processing oil
composition according to the present invention may if necessary
comprise other basic substances such as water-soluble amines and/or
caustic potash and caustic soda. For instance, examples of such
water-soluble amines include diethanolamine, diisopropanolamine,
triethanolamine, triisopropanolamine, methyl diethanolamine,
dimethyl ethanolamine, monoisopropanolamine,
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol, 2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethanol, diethyl
monoisopropanolamine, N,N-di-n-propylamino-isopropanol,
N,N-ethylenediamine-(diisopropanol),
N,N-ethylenediamine-(diethanol), mono-n-butyl diethanolamine,
monoethyl diisopropanol-amine, and diglycolamine, but other
water-soluble amines or inorganic alkalis may likewise be used in
the present invention.
[0035] More specifically, preferably used herein are the
combinations of the foregoing water-soluble amines with, for
instance, diglycolamine, methyl diethanolamine,
monoisopropanolamine, 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol, and
2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethanol, in order to maintain pH value of the
composition at a relatively high level.
[0036] In addition, the water-soluble metal-processing oil
composition of the present invention may if necessary comprise
linear and/or branched saturated fatty acids and/or dibasic acids
and specific examples thereof include caproic acid, enanthic acid,
caprylic acid, pelargonic acid, capric acid, undecanoic acid,
dodecanoic acid, tridecanoic acid, pentadecanoic acid,
heptadecanoic acid, nonadecanoic acid, lauric acid, myristic acid,
palmitic acid, stearic acid, arachic acid, behenic acid, isostearic
acid, elaidic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid,
hydroxy-lauric acid, hydroxy-myristic acid, hydroxy-palmitic acid,
hydroxy-stearic acid, hydroxy-arachic acid, hydroxy-behenic acid,
ricinoleic acid, hydroxy-octadecenoic acid, sebacic acid,
dodecane-diacid, dodecyl succinic acid, lauryl succinic acid,
stearyl succinic acid, isostearyl succinic acid, and dimeric acids.
In addition to the foregoing, usable in the present invention also
include, for instance, fatty acids derived from naturally occurring
fats and oils such as those derived from animals, fishes, plants
and cereals.
[0037] Furthermore, the water-soluble metal-processing oil
composition of the present invention may if necessary comprise a
base oil. Examples of such base oils are mineral oils, polyol
esters, fats and oils, polyglycols, poly(.alpha.-olefins),
.alpha.-olefins, n-paraffins, iso-paraffins, alkyl-benzenes, and
polyethers. These base oils may be used alone or in any combination
of a plurality of different base oils. Preferably used herein
include, for instance, mineral oils, polyglycols, and
alkyl-benzenes.
[0038] The metal-processing oil composition of the present
invention may if necessary comprise a rust proofing agent, for
instance, a fatty acid such as lauryl succinic acid, stearyl
succinic acid, isostearyl succinic acid or dodecane diacid;
sulfonic acid salt such as sodium petroleum sulfonate; and a
carboxylic acid amide.
[0039] Moreover, the metal-processing oil composition of the
present invention may if necessary comprise a silicone-containing
antifoaming agent, an alcoholic antifoaming agent, or a
benzothiazole type anticorrosive for metals.
[0040] Further, the metal-processing oil composition of the present
invention may if necessary comprise a preservative such as
benzo-isothiazoline and/or a derivative thereof, sodium Omadine,
and metal pyrithionates; and/or an alkylamine represented by
laurylamine and oleylamine and oxyethylene adducts thereof as a
preservative or a bacterium-controlling agent.
[0041] The metal-processing oil composition of the present
invention is in general used after diluting the same 5 to 200 times
with water.
[0042] The present invention will hereunder be described in more
detail with reference to the following Examples.
[0043] In the following Examples (1 to 28), there were prepared
metal-processing oil compositions whose compositions (by mass) (the
amounts of the ingredients summed to 100 parts by mass for each
composition) were detailed in the following Table 1 (Examples 1 to
8), Table 2 (Examples 9 to 16) and Table 3 (Examples 17 to 28):
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Component 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 A n-butyl 5 5 5 5
5 monoethanolamine n-butyl 5 diethanolamine t-butyl 5
monoethanolamine n-octyl 2 monoethanolamine B m-xylenediamine 3
m-xylenediamine 4 EO 2 mole adduct 1.3-bisaminomethyl 3 cyclohexane
dicyclohexylamine 5 5 5 5 3 3 3 5 cyclohexylpropyl 1 1 1 1 diamine
cyclohexylamine 1 EO 2 mole adduct methyl diethanolamine 6 6 6 6 6
6 6 6 monoisopropanolamine 2 pelargonic acid 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5
3.5 3.5 3.5 neodecanoic acid 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 oleic acid 5 5 5 5 5 5
5 5 dodecane diacid 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 sorbitan monooleate 9 9 9 8 9 9
9 9 laurylamine 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 EO 7 mole adduct oleyl alcohol 3 3
3 3 3 3 3 3 EO 2 mole adduct mineral oil Re. Re. Re. Re. Re. Re.
Re. Re. water 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 Re.: remnant
TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Component 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 A n-butyl 6
5 15 3 3 3 3 3 monoethanoleamine n-butyl 3 diethanolamine t-butyl
monoethanolamine n-octyl monoethanolamine B m-xylenediamine
m-xylenediamine EO 2 mole adduct 1.3-bisaminomethyl 1 1 3
cyclohexane dicyclohexylamine 3 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 cyclohexylpropyl
diamine cyclohexylamine 8 EO 2 mole adduct methyl diethanolamine
monoisopropanolamine diglycolamine 6 5 8 8 2 6 4 pelargonic acid 7
5 5 5 5 5 5 neodecanoic acid 4 oleic acid 6 5 6 1 castor oil fatty
acid 5 6 6 6 6 6 castor oil fatty acid 9 6 6 16 10 10 10 10
polycondensate (AV: 32) dodecane diacid 2 1 2 2 3 3 3 3 sorbitan
monooleate laurylamine 2 2 1 EO 7 mole adduct oleyl alcohol 1 3 3 3
3 3 EO 2 mole adduct thiazoline preservative mineral oil Re. alkyl
benzene 20 20 30 30 30 30 30 polyglycol 5 5 5 5 5 water 5 Re. Re.
Re. Re. Re. Re. Re. Re.: remnant
TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Component 17 18 19 20 21 22 A n-butyl mono-
5 5 5 22 ethanoleamine n-butyl diethanolamine t-butyl
monoethanolamine n-octyl monoethanolamine B m-xylene diamine 6
m-xylenediamine EO 2 mole adduct 1.3-bisaminomethyl cyclohexane
dicyclohexylamine 5 5 10 5 cyclohexylpropyl 1 1 1 1 diamine
cyclohexylamine 5 EO 2 mole adduct methyl diethanolamine 6 6 6 6 6
6 monoisopropanolamine 3.2 3.2 2.5 2.5 diglycolamine pelargonic
acid 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 neodecanoic acid 1 1 1 1 1 1 oleic
acid 5 5 5 5 9 9 castor oil fatty acid castor oil fatty acid
polycondensate (AV: 32) dodecane diacid 2 2 2 2 2 2 sorbitan
monooleate 7 7 10 10 9 9 laurylamine EO 7 mole 3 3 3 3 3 3 adduct
oleyl alcohol EO 2 mole 3 3 3 3 3 3 adduct thiazoline preservative
0.5 0.5 mineral oil Re. Re. Re. Re. Re. Re. alkyl benzene
polyglycol water 10 10 10 10 10 10 Component 23 24 25 26 27 28 A
n-butyl mono- 3 3 3 22 ethanoleamine n-butyl diethanolamine t-butyl
monoethanolamine n-octyl monoethanolamine B m-xylene diamine 6
m-xylenediamine EO 2 mole adduct 1.3-bisaminomethyl 6 cyclohexane
dicyclohexylamine 3 3 10 10 5 cyclohexylpropyl 1 1 1 diamine
cyclohexylamine EO 2 5 5 mole adduct methyl diethanolamine
mono-isopropanolamine diglycolamine 10 10 10 8 8 8 pelargonic acid
5 5 5 5 5 5 neodecanoic acid oleic acid 4 4 4 castor oil fatty acid
6 6 6 6 6 6 castor oil fatty acid 10 10 10 10 10 10 polycondensate
(AV: 32) dodecane diacid 3 3 3 3 3 3 sorbitan monooleate
laurylamine EO 7 mole adduct oleyl alcohol EO 2 mole 3 3 3 3 3 3
adduct thiazoline preservative 0.5 mineral oil alkyl benzene 30 30
30 30 30 30 polyglycol 5 5 5 5 5 5 water Re. Re. Re. Re. Re. Re.
Re.: remnant
[0044] Each of the foregoing compositions was inspected for
putrefaction resistant property, skin roughness-generation,
dilution stability and cutting property according to the following
methods:
Test for Examining Putrefaction-Resistance
[0045] To 100 ml of each lubricant comprising each candidate
composition diluted, with water, to a concentration of 3%, there
was added the following putrefaction solution so that the
concentration thereof was set at 3%, the resulting mixture was
subjected to shaking culture at 30 degrees C. (.degree. C.), and
150 rpm for 14 days and then the viable count for each cultured
mixture was determined.
Putrefaction Solution:
TABLE-US-00004 [0046] Putrefied and deteriorated emulsion type
cutting solution: 50% Trypt-Soy Culture Medium: 25% Grape
Sugar-Peptone Culture Medium: 25%
[0047] The putrefaction solution used herein was obtained by
subjecting the mixture of the foregoing components to aeration for
24 hours to thus activate the mixture.
Evaluation Standard:
[0048] The numbers of general bacteria, mold, yeast and anaerobic
bacterial cells as well as a degree of contamination were evaluated
using SAN-AI Biochecker (available from San-ai Oil Co., Ltd.).
[0049] General bacteria and yeast were evaluated according to the
following 8 criteria as expressed in terms of the bacterial or
fungal living cell number per unit volume of the culture medium (1
ml): No; 10.sup.3 cells>; 10.sup.4 cells; 10.sup.5 cells;
10.sup.6 cells; 10.sup.7 cells; and 10.sup.7 cells<.
[0050] General bacteria and yeast were also evaluated according to
the following 4 criteria as expressed in terms of the degree of
contamination: No; L (slight degree); M (medium degree); and H
(severe degree).
[0051] The standard (border line) for judging on whether each
composition could be acceptable or not was as follows: "No" for
mold, yeast and anaerobic bacteria; and "10.sup.3 cells/ml>" for
general bacteria.
Evaluation of Inhibition of Skin Roughness-Generation:
[0052] Each cutting oil containing each candidate composition was
diluted two times with water and a droplet of the resulting diluted
solution was dropped on a patch test unit (FIN Chamber, available
from Epitest Co., Ltd.), the latter was then applied onto a site on
the upper arm of a panelist with the use of an adhesive tape,
followed by the judgment of the skin roughness-generation on the
basis of the condition of the skin, to which the patch was applied,
examined after allowing the patch to stand on the upper arm for 24
hours. This was evaluated on the basis of the sum of the results
(score) observed for subjects (10 male panelists) and according to
the following evaluation criteria:
Evaluation Criteria:
[0053] Score 3: The skin turned red, with the formation of blisters
and wheals;
[0054] Score 2: The skin turned red and was swollen;
[0055] Score 1: The skin slightly turned red;
[0056] Score 0.5: There was a suspicion of skin
roughness-generation; and
[0057] Score 0: There was not observed any reaction.
[0058] Regarding the foregoing evaluation criteria, the skin
roughness-generation was carried out on the basis of the score
obtained by summing the results obtained for 10 subjects and
therefore, the lower the score obtained, the higher the skin
roughness-inhibitory effect of the candidate composition. The
border line for judging whether each composition could be
acceptable was set at the level of "score 5".
Test for Stability to Dilution
[0059] There was prepared hard water (a liquid obtained by diluting
0.0757 g of calcium chloride dihydrate with distilled water to a
total volume of one liter; German hardness: 3 deg.; Ca hardness: 54
ppm; see, for instance, JIS K 2221 "Cutting oil, Test for Stability
to Emulsification"), each candidate composition was diluted with
the hard water thus prepared to thus give a 5% diluted composition
and then the diluted composition was visually observed immediately
after the dilution and after 24 hours from the dilution. The
evaluation standards are as follows:
[0060] .largecircle.: Acceptable; The composition was uniformly
dissolved and free of any separation and the formation of any
creamy layer;
[0061] Em: Unacceptable; There were observed the separation of the
composition and the formation of a creamy layer.
Test for Cutting Property (Cutting Ability)
[0062] There was used, as a specimen, a material of an aluminum
alloy (AC8B-T6, 300.times.200.times.30 mm, H.sub.RB60), then a
prepared hole of .phi.5.45, blind hole were formed and the test for
inspection of cutting property was carried out using a tap of M6
(New Roll Tap available from OSG Company) under the following
conditions:
[0063] Cutting Speed: 10 m/min; Feed: 1 mm/rev.; Cutting Length:
t=17 mm (blind hole); "N" Number: 5.
[0064] The diluted metal-processing oil composition was supplied at
a feed rate of 6 L/min.
[0065] Cutting property was evaluated on the basis of the evaluated
tapping torque value thus obtained and on whether the cutting tool
was broken or not. The evaluation standards are as follows:
.largecircle.: Acceptable; tapping torque: not more than 500 Ncm;
x: Unacceptable; there was observed welding of the cutting tool
(processing of the material was impossible).
[0066] The results thus obtained are summarized in the following
Tables 4 to 6.
TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 4 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Putrefaction resistance
After 7 days General no no no no no no no no bacteria Mold no no no
no no no no no Yeast no no no no no no no no Anaerobic no no no no
no no no no bacteria After 14 days General no no no no no no no no
bacteria Mold no no no no no no no no Yeast no no no no no no no no
Anaerobic no no no no no no no no bacteria Skin 2.5 2.5 2.5 3.0 2.5
2.5 2.5 2.0 roughness- generation Overall judgment Putrefaction
resistance Skin roughness- generation Cutting property Dilution
stability
TABLE-US-00006 TABLE 5 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Putrefaction
resistance After 7 days General no no no no no no no no bacteria
Mold no no no no no no no no Yeast no no no no no no no no
Anaerobic no no no no no no no no bacteria After 14 days General no
no no no no no no no bacteria Mold no no no no no no no no Yeast no
no no no no no no no Anaerobic no no no no no no no no bacteria
Skin 4.0 3.0 5.0 4.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 roughness- generation Overall
judgment Putrefaction resistance Skin roughness- generation Cutting
property Dilution stability
TABLE-US-00007 TABLE 6 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
Putrefaction resistance After 7 days General no no no no no no no
no no no no no bacteria Mold no no L no no no no no L no no no
Yeast 10.sup.4 no 10.sup.3 no no no 10.sup.4 no 10.sup.4 no no no
Anaerobic no no no no no no no no no no no no bacteria After 14
days General no no no no no no no no no no no no bacteria Mold no
no H no no no no no H no no no Yeast 10.sup.6 no 10.sup.5 no no no
10.sup.6 no 10.sup.5 no no no Anaerobic bacteria no no no no no no
no no no no no no Skin .sup. 2.5 6.0 .sup. 2.0 5.5 5.5 .sup. 5.5
.sup. 3.0 6.0 .sup. 2.5 6.5 6.5 6.0 roughness- generation Overall
judgment Putrefaction X X X X resistance Skin X X X X X X X X
roughness- generation Cutting property Dilution X X X stability
[0067] The results listed in Tables 4 to 6 clearly indicate that
the water-soluble cutting oils (stock solution) according to the
present invention prepared in Examples 1 to 16 were found to be
excellent in all of the characteristic properties examined, or the
putrefaction resistant property, the skin roughness-inhibitory
effect, the cutting property and the stability to dilution.
* * * * *