U.S. patent application number 12/257708 was filed with the patent office on 2009-04-30 for storm surge breaker system, barrier system and method of constructing same.
Invention is credited to William J. Dares, JR., O. Wayne Fillingame, Saad Moustafa.
Application Number | 20090110484 12/257708 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 40583042 |
Filed Date | 2009-04-30 |
United States Patent
Application |
20090110484 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Fillingame; O. Wayne ; et
al. |
April 30, 2009 |
STORM SURGE BREAKER SYSTEM, BARRIER SYSTEM AND METHOD OF
CONSTRUCTING SAME
Abstract
A surge breaker and barrier system comprising a surge breaker
wall on a first surface of a concrete floatable structure, a surge
barrier wall, substantially watertight, spaced from the breaker
wall on the second surface of a concrete floatable structure and an
anchor for fixing the floatable concrete structure or structures at
a predetermined location.
Inventors: |
Fillingame; O. Wayne; (Bay
St. Louis, MS) ; Moustafa; Saad; (Gig Harbor, WA)
; Dares, JR.; William J.; (Kenner, LA) |
Correspondence
Address: |
C. JAMES BUSHMAN
5851 San Felipe, SUITE 975
HOUSTON
TX
77057
US
|
Family ID: |
40583042 |
Appl. No.: |
12/257708 |
Filed: |
October 24, 2008 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
61000187 |
Oct 24, 2007 |
|
|
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
405/26 |
Current CPC
Class: |
E02B 3/04 20130101; Y02A
10/14 20180101; Y02A 10/11 20180101; E02B 3/108 20130101; E02B
3/102 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
405/26 |
International
Class: |
E02B 3/04 20060101
E02B003/04 |
Claims
1. A surge breaker and barrier system comprising: a surge breaker
wall on a first surface of a concrete, floatable structure; a
barrier wall spaced from said breaker wall on a second surface of a
concrete floatable structure; an anchor for anchoring said
floatable concrete structure at a predetermined location.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein said surge breaker wall comprises
a plurality of first concrete panels having flow through openings
and said barrier wall comprises a plurality of second concrete
panels.
3. The system of claim 1, wherein said anchor comprises at least
one piling, at least partially received in said concrete
structure.
4. The system of claim 1, wherein said anchor comprises a
ballasting material in said concrete structure.
5. The system of claim 1, wherein said surge breaker wall and said
barrier wall are on the same concrete floatable structure.
6. The system of claim 1, wherein there is an elevated roadway
supported on said concrete floatable structure.
7. The system of claim 1, wherein said surge breaker wall is on a
first one of said concrete structures and said barrier wall is on a
second one of said concrete structures.
8. The system of claim 7, wherein there are a plurality of said
first concrete structures and a plurality of said second concrete
structures.
9. The system of claim 8, wherein there are interconnected clusters
of said first concrete structures arranged in a spaced array
seaward of said second concrete structures and said plurality of
second concrete structures are interconnected and are positioned
over a predetermined distance and said barrier walls on said second
concrete structures form a continuous, substantially watertight
wall over said predetermined distance.
10. The system of claim 9, wherein said array of second clusters
are positioned to provide a tortious path between the seaward side
of said first floatable structures and said continuous wall formed
on said second plurality of second concrete structures.
Description
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
[0001] This application claims the priority of U.S. Provisional
Application No. 61/000,187 filed on Oct. 24, 2007, the disclosure
of which is incorporated herein by reference for all purposes.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] 1. Field of the Invention
[0003] The present invention relates to systems to serve as storm
Surge Breakers, storm Surge Barriers and to methods of constructing
same.
[0004] 2. Description of Prior Art
[0005] The lesson of a catastrophic hurricane such as Hurricane
Katrina, or for that matter lesser storms, is that in coastal areas
subject to damage from tidal surges, high wave action, etc.,
generated by such storms, tsunamis, etc., there is a need for
systems that can be easily fabricated and installed at a desired
location, e.g., along a levee, mouth of a bay, etc., to achieve
maximum protection by acting as a tidal surge breaker and a tidal
surge barrier.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0006] In one embodiment, the present invention can provide a surge
breaker and barrier system which can include a surge breaker wall
on a first surface of a concrete, floatable and preferably,
ballastable structure, a barrier wall spaced from the breaker wall
on a second surface of a concrete floatable and preferably,
ballastable structure and an anchor for fixing the floatable
concrete structure(s) at a predetermined location.
[0007] In yet another embodiment, the present invention provides a
dual wall system comprising a wave or surge break wall disposed
seaward of a shoreline or the like to be protected and a
substantially watertight surge wall between the shoreline or the
like and the wave break wall, i.e., spaced a distance depending
upon the environment landward of the surge break wall. The wall
systems or floatable concrete structures can be pinned, ballasted
or otherwise anchored in a floating position or on the seabed or
seafloor to resist sliding or horizontal forces whereby the surge
break wall takes the forces of the wave off of the surge barrier
wall. The surge break wall is designed primarily to take the
dynamic forces generated by tidal surge as opposed to the
hydrostatic head of the surge while the surge barrier wall is
designed primarily to take the forces generated by the hydrostatic
head, i.e., of the tidal surge. The surge breaker, surge barrier
system of the present invention splits the forces of the tidal
surge and allows the heights of the respective walls to be
reduced.
[0008] In another embodiment, the invention can provide a method of
forming a surge breaker and barrier system wherein a surge breaker
wall on a first surface of a concrete floatable structure is
positioned at a predetermined location, seaward of a shoreline
which it is desired to protect; providing a barrier wall on a
second surface of a concrete floatable structure, the barrier wall
being spaced from the breaker wall and positioned landward of the
surge breaker wall and anchoring the concrete structure(s) in the
predetermined location.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0009] FIG. 1 is an side, elevational view, partly in section of
one embodiment of the surge breaker and surge barrier (SBSB System)
of the present invention.
[0010] FIGS. 2-17 show steps in the construction and installation
of an SBSB System substantially according to the embodiment of the
present invention shown in FIG. 1.
[0011] FIGS. 18 and 19 are elevational views, partly in section,
showing the SBSB System substantially as shown in FIG. 1 responding
to tidal surging and flow back.
[0012] FIG. 20 is an elevational view, partly in section, showing
another embodiment of the present invention.
[0013] FIGS. 21-25 show another embodiment of the present
invention.
[0014] FIGS. 26 and 27 show installation of another embodiment of
the present invention.
[0015] FIG. 28 is a top plan view of the system shown in FIG.
27.
[0016] FIG. 29 is a top plan view of an array of surge break
clusters of the present invention.
[0017] FIG. 30 is a top plan view of another embodiment of the
present invention installed in place to protect a shoreline, lagoon
or the like.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
[0018] Referring first to FIG. 1, there is shown one embodiment of
the present invention in an installed condition. The SBSB System
comprises a concrete, floatable structure or barge 10 which can
comprise a hull having a series of compartments 12 which can be
selectively ballastable with rocks, water or other ballasting
material, as desired. It will be understood that typically the
ballasting system would be water and that various valves, pumps and
the like could be utilized to ensure proper ballasting of the
concrete structure 10 so that it was trimmed properly. Spud piles
14 positioned on either side of the hull 11 are driven into the
seabed 15 and are connected to the hull 11 to provide fixation of
the hull 11 through the tidal range to prevent vertical movement of
hull 11 with changes in tide. Additionally, the spud piles 14 also
serve the purpose, to some extent, of preventing lateral or
horizontal movement of the hull 11. Batter piles 16 extend into
hull 11 through sleeves 18 fixed in hull 11 to anchor hull 11
against lateral movement.
[0019] As shown in FIG. 1, the seaward side of the SBSB System 10
is to the right of the drawing while the landward side is to the
left. Seaward of the SBSB System 10 is spaced sheet piling 20 and
22 driven into the seabed 15. Between sheet pile 20 and 22 is combi
wall 24 which as well known to those skilled in the art generally
comprises pipe or some vertical tubular member 26 connected by
sheets 28 (see FIG. 2) and is commonly used to build various marine
barrier or anti-seepage systems as is well known to those skilled
in the art. Combi wall 24 is encapsulated in concrete 30 which is
poured between sheet pile 20 and 22.
[0020] Attached to hull 11 are a series of spaced corbels 32 which,
as seen, rest on combi wall 24 and can be attached thereto by
welding or other securing means. As will be seen hereafter,
concrete 30 is poured in place once sheet pile 20 and 22 have been
driven and combi wall 24 is in place and hull 11 is positioned as
shown in FIG. 1. Concrete section 30 serves to interlock or
integrate combi wall 24, sheet pile 20 and 22 and corbels 32 and
provide a corbel cap 33 into the hull 11. In effect, the sheet
piles 20 and 22 in conjunction with combi wall 24, corbels 32
provide a continuous line of watertight structure from the top of
the sheet pile 20, 22 to the bottom of the sheet pile 20, 22. As
well, once batter pile 16 are in place, a concrete batter pile cap
34 is poured providing an integrated system between the hull 11,
the pile cap 34 and the batter pile 16. As seen, pile cap 34
becomes an extension of the top surface 36 of hull 11.
[0021] Secured to and generally poured in place albeit that they
can be precast, are a first series of buttresses or counterforts
36, buttresses 36 being used to support precast concrete panels 38
which as shown are provided with perforations or openings 41 (flow
through) to permit tidal surge from passing through panels 38
serving the purpose of essentially dissipating the forces of the
tidal surge while at the same time preventing undue stressing of
the panels 38 by the forces of the tidal surge.
[0022] Precast and/or poured in place buttresses 40 support barrier
panels 43 which can be precast and attached to rebar (not shown)
protruding from pile cap 34 or can be poured in place once pile cap
34 is installed.
[0023] Extending from pile cap 34 and resting on a portion of hull
11 are supports 42 which can be formed integrally with hull 11 or
can be precast and attached to the pile cap 34 and hull 11 by means
of rebar or the like to provide a strong, integrated structure.
Resting on supports 42, are precast roadbed sections 44 which can
be secured to supports 42 and pile cap 34 by a variety of methods
well know to those skilled in the art.
[0024] Turning now to FIGS. 2-17, there is shown a series of steps
for constructing and installing an SBSB System which is similar
structurally to SBSB System 10 shown in FIG. 1 but which instead of
floating as SBSB System 10 shown in FIG. 1 is resting on a prepared
surface formed in seabed 16. However, in other respects the system
shown in FIG. 17 is essentially that shown in FIG. 1. Referring
then to FIG. 2, it can be seen that sheet pile 20 and 22 have been
driven in spaced relationship with combi wall 24 also driven in
position therebetween. Additionally, it can be seen that the
spacing between sheet pile 20 and 22 has been grouted with suitable
concrete or grouting 30 from seabed 16 downwardly into the
subsurface. Referring now to FIGS. 4 and 5, it can be seen that a
SBSB System 10 such as shown in FIG. 1, is being floated into place
to position bearing corbels 32 above combi wall 24.
[0025] FIG. 6 shows two hulls 11 which have been positioned with
corbels 32 positioned over combi wall 24 and a third hull 11 being
floated into place hulls 11 having compartments 12 for ballast 13.
As shown in FIG. 7, spud pile 14 positioned in registering notches
(see FIG. 6) on either side of hulls 11 is being driven into place
in seabed 15.
[0026] Turning now to FIG. 8, it can be seen that batter pile 16 is
being driven through the sleeves 18 in hull 11 to prevent any
lateral movement of hull 11 which, as seen, is now ballasted and
resting on seabed 15 which can be a prepared foundation made from
gravel and other such structures commonly used to form a below
water prepared surface for receiving a sinkable structure.
[0027] FIG. 9 is a variation of the system shown in FIG. 8 in that,
whereas in FIG. 8, hull 11 is resting on the surface 15 of the
seabed 16, in FIG. 9 hull 11 is floating as shown in FIG. 1.
However, in both cases the hulls 11 are anchored.
[0028] In FIGS. 10 and 11, the arrangement depicted in FIG. 9 is
shown in plan view with pile cap 34 and concrete section 80 forming
corbel cap 33 having been poured in place. As can also be seen,
notches 56 are formed in pile cap 34 to permit road section
supports 42 to be poured in place or precast and attached to pile
cap 34.
[0029] Referring now to FIGS. 12 and 13, FIG. 12 being a top plan
view of the system shown in FIG. 13, it can be seen that surge
panels 38 have been installed using rebar 43 extending from an
encircling reinforced rebar perimeter 62 forming part of pile cap
34 essentially forming a monolithic structure with hull 11. Gaps 60
between walls 43 have been left to receive support gussets or
counterforts 40. With reference now to FIGS. 14 and 15, it can be
seen that all of gussets 40 and barrier walls 43, on the portion
shown in FIG. 14, have been installed and some of the gussets 36
have likewise been installed. With reference to FIGS. 16 and 17,
FIG. 16 being the top plan view of FIG. 17, at least some of the
roadway sections 44 have been installed on and affixed to supports
42.
[0030] Turning now to FIGS. 18 and 19, the installed system of FIG.
17 is shown when being subjected to a tidal surge. As can be seen,
as the tidal surge 70 impacts breaker walls 38, flow through the
apertures 41 prevents the panels 38 from sustaining all of the
forces of the surge 70 but nonetheless dissipates the energy in the
tidal surge 70 to the point that a relatively quiescent pool 72
forms between breaker wall 38 and barrier wall 43. Thus, for all
intents and purposes the forces acting on barrier panels 43 are
largely the hydrostatic head in the pool 72. Thus, the total energy
of the tidal surge 70 comprised of the dynamic force exerted by the
moving water and the static force exerted by the hydrostatic head
has been substantially split with most of the dynamic force having
been taken up by the breaker wall 38. As can best be seen from FIG.
20, as the tidal surge 70 subsides, the flow through openings 41
plus flow under the bottom of panels 38 permits the pool 72 to
empty as indicated by the arrows.
[0031] FIG. 20 shows another embodiment of the present invention
shown generally as 10A which differs primarily from the embodiment
shown in FIG. 1 in that the gussets 36a are supporting vertical
breaker walls 38A having pass through apertures 41A. This is to be
contrasted with the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 wherein the breaker
walls 38 are inclined, i.e., some of the dynamic force exerted by
the tidal surge is dissipated as a vertical force vector. In FIG.
20, barrier walls 43A are supported by gussets 40A while roadway
sections 44A are anchored to spaced columns 74 and supports 45
which can be integrally or monolithically formed with barrier walls
43A and/or gussets 40A to support road sections 40A.
[0032] FIGS. 21-25 show the construction and installation of
another embodiment of the present invention. Referring then to FIG.
21, sheet pile 76 has been driven through a prepared bed 78 on
seabed floor 15, bed 78 being made of gravel or the like to provide
a stable foundation. A concrete hull 80 having compartments 82 for
ballasting has been floated into place and positioned over bed 78
but spaced from sheet pile 76. FIG. 22, shows that compartments 82
have been ballasted with ballast 84 which as shown is gravel or the
like but would typically be water, such that hull 80 now rests on
bed 78. As shown, two such hulls 80 are positioned on opposite
sides of sheet pile 76. In FIG. 23, piles 86 have been driven
through suitable sleeves in hulls 80, through prepared bed 78 and
into seabed 15 to a desired depth. Again, the number, spacing type,
etc., of such piles 86 can vary over wide limits depending upon the
particular environment, soil conditions, etc., in which the system
is being installed. Further, although the piles 86 are shown as
being generally vertical, it will be understood that batter piles
could be used as well. FIG. 23 shows the hulls 80 in place.
[0033] Referring now to FIGS. 24 and 25, a suitable concrete or
grout 90 is poured in the spacing between the hulls 80 at least up
to the top level of the sheet pile 76. This is followed by a poured
in place sheet cap 92 over the top of the sheet pile 76 and grout
90 which encapsulate grout 90 to essentially form a single
structure comprised of the two hull sections 80. Once again, and as
in all of the embodiments one of the goals is to construct
integrated virtually monolithic structure forming the SBSB System
in the sense that the components or the structure are tied together
mechanically or by whatever technique chosen. The embodiment shown
in FIG. 24 could act as a barrier system or as a breaker system. In
this regard, wall 94 could be a watertight wall 96 suggested by
gussets 96 spaced along the length and on either side of wall 94.
Alternatively, wall 94 could be a perforated wall to act as a
breaker wall to allow a flow through of the tidal surge. As seen,
hulls 80 have been positioned, i.e., anchored by ballast and pile,
and rest on a prepared foundation or bed 98 in an excavated portion
15A of seabed 15.
[0034] FIGS. 26 and 27 depict a slightly different embodiment of
the present invention which, like the embodiment shown in FIG. 24
or 25, could be used either as a breaker wall or as a barrier wall.
Turning then to FIG. 26, a hull 100 is being floated into place
over a prepared bed 104 in seafloor 15. As in the case of virtually
all the embodiments, hull 100 is provided with pile sleeves 106 for
receipt of piles. Hull 100 has gussets 108 which support a wall
110, wall 110, as noted, serving either as a surge breaker wall if
it has flowthrough apertures or spaces or as a barrier wall if it
is substantially watertight. In FIG. 27, it can be seen that hull
100 is now resting on bed 104 and piles 112 have been driven
through sleeves 106, bed 104 and into the subsurface below bed 104.
As shown, some of the piles 114 are in position while others of the
piles 114 are being driven through the sleeves 106, the prepared
bed 104, etc. As noted, wall 110 can either have flowthrough
apertures and be a breaker wall or be watertight and be a barrier
wall. Furthermore, it will be understood that in the event that
wall 94 shown in FIGS. 24 and 25 and 110 shown in FIGS. 26 and 27
is a breaker wall, it can be disposed at an angle such as the
embodiment shown in FIG. 1 to convert some of the horizontal force
of the tidal surge into a vertical force vector.
[0035] FIGS. 28 and 29 show an embodiment where the walls 110 as
shown in FIGS. 26 and 27 or the walls 94 shown in FIGS. 24 and 25
are breaker walls, the walls being depicted as 110 for purposes of
simplicity. As shown in FIG. 28, there are a plurality of three
hulls 100 which have been arranged and connected in side-by-side
disposition to form a cluster C of hulls 100.
[0036] In FIG. 29, clusters C each formed of four such hulls 100
have been arrayed in a pattern seaward of a shoreline or the like
to be protected. Assuming that the tidal surge is moving in the
direction of arrow A, there is no direct path or channel to the
landward side. Thus the surge will be forced through a tortious
path indicated by arrows B as it passes between the clusters C
toward the shoreline or the like. It will be understood that in the
embodiment shown in FIG. 29, forcing the tidal surge to follow a
tortious path wherein the force from the surge is directed against
the walls 110 largely dissipates the energy of the tidal surge.
Additionally, when the walls 110 are provided with flowthrough
apertures further energy dissipation occurs such that the water
which is moving toward the shoreline after it has passed the array
of cluster C, has lost most of the dynamic energy of the tidal
surge meaning that a watertight barrier wall need only
substantially withstand hydrostatic head as opposed to any
substantial dynamic forces.
[0037] FIG. 30 shows a shoreline 140 at least partially defining a
lagoon, bay or sound 142, the mouth 144 of which has a continuous
barrier wall system which again could be made up of walls 10 which
have no flowthrough apertures thereby forming a substantially
watertight barrier mounted as shown in FIGS. 24-27 on suitable
hulls, e.g., hulls 100. As can be seen, there is no direct path
between the tidal surge moving in the direction of arrow H which is
to the seaward side of the cluster C which can directly impact the
barrier walls 110 without having had substantially all of the
dynamic energy of the surge dissipated by breaker walls 110 mounted
upon hulls 100. Again, the tidal surge, stripped of most of its
dynamic energy flows through a tortious path or paths as indicated
by the arrow B. In effect, the tortious paths can be considered
flow through of the breaker system.
[0038] It will be appreciated that rather than a lagoon 142 or the
like, the continuous barrier wall formed by walls 110 could be
positioned adjacent a sea shore as opposed to the mouth of a lagoon
such as shown in FIG. 30, and would extend for any predetermined
distance as dictated by the area to be protected, elevation of the
shoreline and other such parameters. While as shown in FIG. 30, the
surge breaker system and the surge barrier system are on separate
hulls, it is to be understood that FIG. 30 simply shows a variation
of the general concept of a system having a surge breaker wall and
a surge barrier wall spaced from one another, the breaker wall
serving to dissipate most if not substantially all of the dynamic
force of the tidal surge, the barrier wall system serving to
withstand hydrostatic head and provide a substantially watertight
seal against the ingress of water onto the shoreline.
[0039] The foregoing description and examples illustrate selected
embodiments of the present invention. In light thereof, variations
and modifications will be suggested to one skilled in the art, all
of which are in the spirit and purview of this invention.
* * * * *