U.S. patent application number 11/884153 was filed with the patent office on 2009-03-05 for oxime and hydroxylamine substituted imidazo[4,5-c] ring compounds and methods.
This patent application is currently assigned to COLEY PHARMACEUTICAL GROUP, INC.. Invention is credited to Joseph F. Dellaria, Tushar A. Kshirsagar, Gregory D. Lundquist, JR., Matthew R. Radmer, Bernhard M. Zimmermann.
Application Number | 20090062328 11/884153 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 36793761 |
Filed Date | 2009-03-05 |
United States Patent
Application |
20090062328 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Kshirsagar; Tushar A. ; et
al. |
March 5, 2009 |
Oxime and Hydroxylamine Substituted Imidazo[4,5-c] Ring Compounds
and Methods
Abstract
Imidazo[4,5-c] ring compounds, (e.g. imidazo[4,5-c]pyridines,
imidazo[4,5-c]quinolines, 6,7,8,9-tetrahydro
imidazo[4,5-c]quinolines, imidazo[4,5-c]naphthyridine, and
6,7,8,9-tetrahydro imidazo[4,5-c]naphthyridine compounds) having an
oxime or hydroxylamine substituent at the 2-position,
pharmaceutical compositions containing the compounds,
intermediates, and methods of making and methods of use of these
compounds as immunomodulators, for modulating cytokine biosynthesis
in animals and in the treatment of diseases including viral and
neoplastic diseases are disclosed.
Inventors: |
Kshirsagar; Tushar A.;
(Woodbury, MN) ; Lundquist, JR.; Gregory D.;
(Eagan, MN) ; Dellaria; Joseph F.; (Woodbury,
MN) ; Radmer; Matthew R.; (North Robbinsdale, MN)
; Zimmermann; Bernhard M.; (Saint Paul, MN) |
Correspondence
Address: |
WOLF GREENFIELD & SACKS, P.C.
600 ATLANTIC AVENUE
BOSTON
MA
02210-2206
US
|
Assignee: |
COLEY PHARMACEUTICAL GROUP,
INC.
WELLESLEY
MA
|
Family ID: |
36793761 |
Appl. No.: |
11/884153 |
Filed: |
February 10, 2006 |
PCT Filed: |
February 10, 2006 |
PCT NO: |
PCT/US2006/004737 |
371 Date: |
September 23, 2008 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
60652209 |
Feb 11, 2005 |
|
|
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
514/293 ;
546/82 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61P 31/12 20180101;
C07D 471/04 20130101; A61P 35/00 20180101; C07D 471/14 20130101;
A61P 43/00 20180101 |
Class at
Publication: |
514/293 ;
546/82 |
International
Class: |
A61K 31/437 20060101
A61K031/437; C07D 471/04 20060101 C07D471/04; A61P 35/00 20060101
A61P035/00 |
Claims
1. A compound of the Formula I: ##STR00101## wherein: Z is selected
from the group consisting of: --C(.dbd.N--O--R.sub.2-2)-- and
--C(R.sub.2-4)(--N(--OR.sub.2-2)--Y--R.sub.2-3)--; X is selected
from the group consisting of a bond, C.sub.1-4 alkylene and
C.sub.2-4 alkenylene; R.sub.2-1, R.sub.2-2, and R.sub.2-3 are
independently selected from the group consisting of: hydrogen,
alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, arylalkylenyl, heteroaryl,
heteroarylalkylenyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylalkylanyl, and
alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, arylalkylenyl, heteroaryl,
hetoroarylalkylenyl, heterocyclyl, and heterocyclylalkylenyl,
substituted by one or more substituents selected from the group
consisting of: hydroxy, alkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxy,
dialkylamino, --S(O).sub.0-2R.sub.2-5, --NH--S(O).sub.2--R.sub.2-5,
haloalkoxy, halogen, cyano, nitro, --N.sub.3, aryl, heteroaryl,
heterocyclyl, aryloxy, arylalkyleneoxy, --C(O)--O-alkyl,
--C(O)--N(R.sub.8).sub.2, --N(R.sub.8)--C(O)--R.sub.2-5,
--NH--C(O)--NH--R.sub.2-5, --NH--C(O)--NH.sub.2, --O--(CO)-alkyl,
and --C(O)-alkyl; with the proviso that R.sub.2-2 is other than
alkenyl wherein the carbon atom bonded to --O-- is doubly bonded to
another carbon atom; R.sub.2-4 is selected from the group
consisting of hydrogen, C.sub.1-4alkyl, and phenyl; R.sub.2-5 is
selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aryl, arylalkylenyl,
heteroaryl, and heteroarylalkylenyl, each of which is unsubstituted
or substituted by one or more substituents selected from the group
consisting of halogen, cyano, nitro, alkoxy, dialkylamino,
alkylthio, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, alkyl, and --N.sub.3; Y is
selected from the group consisting of: a bond, --C(R.sub.6)--,
--S(O).sub.2--, --S(O).sub.2--N(R.sub.8)--, ##STR00102##
--C(O)--O--, --C(R.sub.6)--N(R.sub.8)--,
--C(O)--N(R.sub.8)--S(O).sub.2--, --C(R.sub.6)--N(R.sub.8)--C(O)--,
##STR00103## --C(O)--C(O)--, --C(O)--C(O)--O--, and
--C(.dbd.NH)--N(R.sub.8)--; R.sub.A and R.sub.B are each
independently selected from the group consisting of: hydrogen,
halogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, and N(R.sub.9).sub.2;
or when taken together, R.sub.A and R.sub.B form a fused benzene
ring or fused pyridine ring wherein the fused benzene ring or fused
pyridine ring is unsubstituted or substituted by one or more R'''
groups; or when taken together, R.sub.A and R.sub.B form a fused
cyclohexene ring or a fused tetrahydropyridine ring, wherein the
fused cyclohexene or tetrahydropyridine ring is unsubstituted or
substituted by one or more R groups; R is selected from the group
consisting of: halogen, hydroxy, alkyl, alkenyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy,
alkylthio, and N(R.sub.9).sub.2; R' is hydrogen or a
non-interfering substituent; R''' is a non interfering substituent;
R.sub.6 is selected from the group consisting of --O and .dbd.S;
R.sub.8 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen,
C.sub.1-10 alkyl, C.sub.2-10 alkenyl, C.sub.1-10 alkoxy-C.sub.1-10
alkylenyl, hydroxy-C.sub.1-10 alkylenyl, heteroaryl-C.sub.1-10
alkylenyl, and aryl-C.sub.1-10 alkylenyl; R.sub.9 is selected from
the group consisting of hydrogen and alkyl; and R.sub.10 is
C.sub.3-8 alkylene; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt
thereof.
2. The compound or salt of claim 1 wherein the one or more R'''
groups are one R.sub.3 group, or one R.sub.3 group and one R group,
or one, two, three, or four R groups when on the fused benzene
ring, or one, two, or three R groups when on the fused pyridine
ring; wherein R.sub.3 is selected from the group consisting of:
-Z'-R.sub.4, -Z'-X'--R.sub.4, -Z'-X'--Y'--R.sub.4,
-Z'-X'--Y'--X'--Y'--R.sub.4, and -Z'-X'--R.sub.5; X' is selected
from the group consisting of alkylene, alkenylene, alkynylene,
arylene, heteroarylene, and heterocyclylene, wherein the alkylene,
alkenylene, and alkynylene groups can be optionally interrupted or
terminated by arylene, heteroarylene or heterocyclylene and
optionally interrupted by one or more --O-- groups; Y' is selected
from the group consisting of: --O-- --S(O).sub.0-2--,
--S(O).sub.2--N(R.sub.8)--, --C(R.sub.6)--, --C(R.sub.6)--O--,
--O--C(R.sub.6)--, --O--C(O)--O--, --N(R.sub.8)-Q-,
--C(R.sub.6)--N(R.sub.8)--, --O--C(R.sub.6)--N(R.sub.8)--,
--C(R.sub.6)--N(OR.sub.9)--, --O--N(R.sub.8)-Q-,
--O--N.dbd.C(R.sub.4)--, --C(--N--O--R.sub.9)--,
--CH(--N(--O--R.sub.8)-Q-R.sub.4)--, ##STR00104## Z' is a bond or
--O--; R.sub.4 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen,
alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, arylalkylenyl, aryloxyalkylenyl,
alkylarylenyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkylenyl,
heteroaryloxyalkylenyl, alkylheteroarylenyl, and heterocyclyl,
wherein the alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, arylalkylenyl,
aryloxyalkylenyl, alkylarylenyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkylenyl,
heteroaryloxyalkylenyl, alkylheteroarylenyl, and heterocyclyl
groups can be unsubstituted or substituted by one or more
substituents independently selected from the group consisting of
alkyl, alkoxy, hydroxyalkyl, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, halogen, nitro,
hydroxy, mercapto, cyano, aryl, aryloxy, arylalkleneoxy,
heteroaryl, heteroaryloxy, heteroarylalkleneoxy, heterocyclyl,
amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, (dialkylamino)alkyleneoxy, and in
the case of alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, and heterocyclyl, oxo; R.sub.5
is selected from the group consisting of: ##STR00105## R.sub.6 is
selected from the group consisting of .dbd.O and .dbd.S; R.sub.7 is
C.sub.2-7 alkylene; R.sub.8 is selected from the group consisting
of hydrogen, C.sub.1-10 alkyl, C.sub.2-10 alkenyl, C.sub.1-10
alkoxy-C.sub.1-10 alkylenyl, hydroxy-C.sub.1-10 alkylenyl,
heteroaryl-C.sub.1-10 alkylenyl, and aryl-C.sub.1-10 alkylenyl;
R.sub.9 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and
alkyl; R.sub.10 is C.sub.3-8 alkylene; A is selected from the group
consisting of --O--, --C(O)--, --S(O).sub.0-2--, --CH.sub.2--, and
--N(-Q-R.sub.4)--, A' is selected from the group consisting of
--O--, --S(O).sub.0-2--, N(-Q-R.sub.4)--, and --CH.sub.2--; Q is
selected from the group consisting of a bond, --C(R.sub.6)--,
--C(R.sub.6)--C(R.sub.6)--, --S(O).sub.2--,
--C(R.sub.6)--N(R.sub.8)--W--, --S(O).sub.2--N(R.sub.8)--,
--C(R.sub.6)--O--, --C(R.sub.6)--S--, and
--C(R.sub.6)--N(OR.sub.9)--; V is selected from the group
consisting of --C(R.sub.6)--, --O--C(R.sub.6)--,
N(R.sub.8)--C(R.sub.6)--, and --S(O).sub.2--; W is selected from
the group consisting of a bond, --C(O)--, and --S(O).sub.2--; and a
and b are independently integers from 1 to 6 with the proviso that
a+b is .ltoreq.7.
3. The compound or salt of claim 1 wherein R' is R.sub.1; wherein
R.sub.1 is selected from the group consisting of: --R.sub.4,
--X'--R.sub.4, --X'--Y'--R.sub.4, --X'--Y'--X'--Y'--R.sub.4, and
--X'--R.sub.5; wherein: X' is selected from the group consisting of
alkylene, alkenylene, alkynylene, arylene, heteroarylene, and
heterocyclylene, wherein the alkylene, alkenylene, and alkynylene
groups can be optionally interrupted or terminated by arylene,
heteroarylene or heterocyclylene and optionally interrupted by one
or more --O-- groups; Y' is selected from the group consisting of:
--O--, --S(O).sub.0-2, --S(O).sub.2--N(R.sub.8)--, --C(R.sub.6)--,
--C(R.sub.6)--O--, --O--C(R.sub.6)--, --O--C(O)--O--,
--N(R.sub.8)-Q-, --C(R.sub.6)--N(R.sub.8)--,
--O--C(R.sub.6)--N(R.sub.8)--, --C(R.sub.6)--N(OR.sub.9)--,
--O--N(R.sub.8)-Q-, --O--N.dbd.C(R.sub.4)--,
--C(.dbd.N--O--R.sub.8)--, --CH(--N(--O--R.sub.8)-Q-R.sub.4)--,
##STR00106## R.sub.4 is selected from the group consisting of
hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, arylalkylenyl,
aryloxyalkylenyl, alkylarylenyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkylenyl,
heteroaryloxyalkylenyl, alkylheteroarylenyl, and heterocyclyl,
wherein the alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, arylalkylenyl,
aryloxyalkylenyl, alkylarylenyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkylenyl,
heteroaryloxyalkylenyl, alkylheteroarylenyl, and heterocyclyl
groups can be unsubstituted or substituted by one or more
substituents independently selected from the group consisting of
alkyl, alkoxy, hydroxyalkyl, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, halogen, nitro,
hydroxy, mercapto, cyano, aryl, aryloxy, arylalkleneoxy,
heteroaryl, heteroaryloxy, heteroarylalkleneoxy, heterocyclyl,
amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, (dialkylamino)alkyleneoxy, and in
the case of alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, and heterocyclyl, oxo; R.sub.5
is selected from the group consisting of: ##STR00107## R.sub.6 is
selected from the group consisting of .dbd.O and .dbd.S; R.sub.7 is
C.sub.2-7 alkylene; R.sub.8 is selected from the group consisting
of hydrogen, C.sub.1-10 alkyl, C.sub.2-10 alkenyl, C.sub.1-10
alkoxy-C.sub.1-10 alkylenyl, hydroxy-C.sub.1-10 alkylenyl,
heteroaryl-C.sub.1-10 alkylenyl, and aryl-C.sub.1-10 alkylenyl;
R.sub.9 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and
alkyl; R.sub.10 is C.sub.3-8 alkylene; A is selected from the group
consisting of --O--, --C(O)--, --S(O).sub.0-2--, --CH.sub.2--, and
--N(-Q-R.sub.4)--, A' is selected from the group consisting of
--O--, --S(O).sub.0-2--, N(-Q-R.sub.4)--, and --CH.sub.2--; Q is
selected from the group consisting of a bond, --C(R.sub.6)--,
--C(R.sub.6)--C(R.sub.6)--, --S(O).sub.2--,
--C(R.sub.6)--N(R.sub.8)--W--, --S(O).sub.2--N(R.sub.8)--,
--C(R.sub.6)--O--, --C(R.sub.6)--S--, and
--C(R.sub.6)--N(OR.sub.9)--; V is selected from the group
consisting of --C(R.sub.6)--, --O--C(R.sub.6)--,
N(R.sub.8)--C(R.sub.6)--, and --S(O).sub.2--; W is selected from
the group consisting of a bond, --C(O)--, and --S(O).sub.2--; and a
and b are independently integers from 1 to 6 with the proviso that
a+b is .ltoreq.7.
4. The compound of claim 1, wherein Formula I is Formula II:
##STR00108## wherein: Z is selected from the group consisting of:
--C(.dbd.N--O--R.sub.2-2)-- and
--C(R.sub.2-4)(--N(--OR.sub.2-2)--Y--R.sub.2-3)--; X is selected
from the group consisting of a bond, C.sub.1-4 alkylene and
C.sub.2-4 alkenylene; R.sub.2-1, R.sub.2-2, and R.sub.2-3 are
independently selected from the group consisting of: hydrogen,
alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, arylalkylenyl, heteroaryl,
heteroarylalkylenyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylalkylenyl, and
alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, arylalkylenyl, heteroaryl,
heteroarylalkylenyl, heterocyclyl, and heterocyclylalkylenyl,
substituted by one or more substituents selected from the group
consisting of: hydroxy, alkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxy,
dialkylamino, --S(O).sub.0-2R.sub.2-5, --NH--S(O).sub.2--R.sub.2-5,
haloalkoxy, halogen, cyano, nitro, --N.sub.3, aryl, heteroaryl,
heterocyclyl, aryloxy, arylalkyleneoxy, --C(O)--O-alkyl,
--C(O)--N(R.sub.8).sub.2, --N(R.sub.8)--C(O)--R.sub.2-5,
--NH--C(O)--NH--R.sub.2-5, --NH--C(O)--NH.sub.2, --O--(CO)-alkyl,
and --C(O)-alkyl; with the proviso that R.sub.2-2 is other than
alkenyl wherein the carbon atom bonded to --O-- is doubly bonded to
another carbon atom, R.sub.2-4 is selected from the group
consisting of hydrogen, C.sub.1-4alkyl, and phenyl; R.sub.2-5 is
selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aryl, arylalkylenyl,
heteroaryl, and heteroarylalkylenyl, each of which is unsubstituted
or substituted by one or more substituents selected from the group
consisting of halogen, cyano, nitro, alkoxy, dialkylamino,
alkylthio, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, alkyl, and --N.sub.3; Y is
selected from the group consisting of: a bond, --C(R.sub.6)--,
--S(O).sub.2, --S(O).sub.2--N(R.sub.8)--, ##STR00109## --C(O)--O--,
--C(R.sub.6)--N(R.sub.8)--, --C(O)--N(R.sub.8)--S(O).sub.2--,
--C(R.sub.6)--N(R.sub.8)--C(O)--, ##STR00110## --C(O)--C(O)--,
--C(O)--C(O)--O--, and --C(.dbd.NH)--N(R.sub.8)--, R.sub.A1 and
R.sub.B1 are each independently selected from the group consisting
of: hydrogen, halogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, and
N(R.sub.9).sub.2; R.sub.1 is selected from the group consisting of:
--R.sub.4, --X'--R.sub.4, --X'--Y'--R.sub.4,
--X'--Y'--X'--Y'--R.sub.4, and --X'--R.sub.5; X' is selected from
the group consisting of alkylene, alkenylene, alkynylene, arylene,
heteroarylene, and heterocyclylene, wherein the alkylene,
alkenylene, and alkynylene groups can be optionally interrupted or
terminated by arylene, heteroarylene or heterocyclylene and
optionally interrupted by one or more --O-- groups; Y' is selected
from the group consisting of: --O--, --S(O).sub.0-2--,
--S(O).sub.2--N(R.sub.8)--, --C(R.sub.6)--, --C(R.sub.6)--O--,
--O--C(R.sub.6)-- --O--C(O)--O, --N(R.sub.8)-Q-,
--C(R.sub.6)--N(R.sub.8)--, --O--C(R.sub.6)--N(R.sub.8)--,
--C(R.sub.6)--N(OR.sub.9)--, --O--N(R.sub.8)-Q-,
--O--N.dbd.C(R.sub.4)--, --C(.dbd.N--O--R.sub.8)--,
--CH(--N(--O--R.sub.8)-Q-R.sub.4)--, ##STR00111## R.sub.4 is
selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl,
alkynyl, aryl, arylalkylenyl, aryloxyalkylenyl, alkylarylenyl,
heteroaryl, heteroarylalkylenyl, heteroaryloxyalkylenyl,
alkylheteroarylenyl, and heterocyclyl, wherein the alkyl, alkenyl,
alkynyl, aryl, arylalkylenyl, aryloxyalkylenyl, alkylarylenyl,
heteroaryl, heteroarylalkylenyl, heteroaryloxyalkylenyl,
alkylheteroarylenyl, and heterocyclyl groups can be unsubstituted
or substituted by one or more substituents independently selected
from the group consisting of alkyl, alkoxy, hydroxyalkyl,
haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, halogen, nitro, hydroxy, mercapto, cyano,
aryl, aryloxy, arylalkleneoxy, heteroaryl, heteroaryloxy,
heteroarylalkleneoxy, heterocyclyl, amino, alkylamino,
dialkylamino, (dialkylamino)alkyleneoxy, and in the case of alkyl,
alkenyl, alkynyl, and heterocyclyl, oxo; R.sub.5 is selected from
the group consisting of: ##STR00112## R.sub.6 is selected from the
group consisting of .dbd.O and .dbd.S; R.sub.7 is C.sub.2-7
alkylene; R.sub.8 is selected from the group consisting of
hydrogen, C.sub.1-10 alkyl, C.sub.2-10 alkenyl, C.sub.1-10
alkoxy-C.sub.1-10 alkylenyl, hydroxy-C.sub.1-10alkylenyl,
heteroaryl-C.sub.1-10alkylenyl, and aryl-C.sub.1-10 alkylenyl;
R.sub.9 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and
alkyl; R.sub.10 is C.sub.3-8 alkylene; A is selected from the group
consisting of --O--, --C(O)--, --S(O).sub.0-2--, --CH.sub.2--, and
--N(-Q-R.sub.4)--, A' is selected from the group consisting of
--O--, --S(O).sub.0-2--, N(-Q-R.sub.4)--, and --CH.sub.2--; Q is
selected from the group consisting of a bond, --C(R.sub.6)--,
--C(R.sub.6)--C(R.sub.6)--, --S(O).sub.2--,
--C(R.sub.6)--N(R.sub.8)--W--, --S(O).sub.2--N(R.sub.8)--,
--C(R.sub.6)--O--, --C(R.sub.6)--S--, and
--C(R.sub.6)--N(OR.sub.9)--; V is selected from the group
consisting of --C(R.sub.6)--, --O--C(R.sub.6)--,
N(R.sub.8)--C(R.sub.6)--, and --S(O).sub.2--; W is selected from
the group consisting of a bond, --C(O)--, and --S(O).sub.2--; and a
and b are independently integers from 1 to 6 with the proviso that
a+b is .ltoreq.7; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt
thereof.
5. The compound of claim 1, wherein Formula I is Formula III:
##STR00113## wherein: Z is selected from the group consisting of:
--C(.dbd.N--O--R.sub.2-2)-- and
--C(R.sub.2-4)(--N(--OR.sub.2-2)--Y--R.sub.2-3)--; X is selected
from the group consisting of a bond, C.sub.1-4 alkylene and
C.sub.2-4 alkenylene; R.sub.2-1, R.sub.2-2, and R.sub.2-3 are
independently selected from the group consisting of: hydrogen,
alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, arylalkylenyl, heteroaryl,
heteroarylalkylenyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylalkylenyl, and
alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, arylalkylenyl, heteroaryl,
heteroarylalkylenyl, heterocyclyl, and heterocyclylalkylenyl,
substituted by one or more substituents selected from the group
consisting of: hydroxy, alkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxy,
dialkylamino, --S(O).sub.0-2R.sub.2-5, --NH--S(O).sub.2--R.sub.2-5,
haloalkoxy, halogen, cyano, nitro, --N.sub.3, aryl, heteroaryl,
heterocyclyl, aryloxy, arylalkyleneoxy, --C(O)--O-alkyl,
--C(O)--N(R.sub.8).sub.2, --N(R.sub.8)--C(O)--R.sub.2-5,
--NH--C(O)--NH--R.sub.2-5, --NH--C(O)--NH.sub.2, --O--(CO)-alkyl,
and --C(O)-alkyl; with the proviso that R.sub.2-2 is other than
alkenyl wherein the carbon atom bonded to --O-- is doubly bonded to
another carbon atom; R.sub.2-4 is selected from the group
consisting of hydrogen, C.sub.1-4alkyl, and phenyl; R.sub.2-5 is
selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aryl, arylalkylenyl,
heteroaryl, and heteroarylalkylenyl, each of which is unsubstituted
or substituted by one or more substituents selected from the group
consisting of halogen, cyano, nitro, alkoxy, dialkylamino,
alkylthio, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, alkyl, and --N.sub.3; Y is
selected from the group consisting of: a bond, --C(R.sub.6)--,
--S(O).sub.2, --S(O).sub.2--N(R.sub.8)--, ##STR00114## --C(O)--O--,
--C(R.sub.6)--N(R.sub.8)--, --C(O)--N(R.sub.8)--S(O).sub.2--,
--C(R.sub.6)--N(R.sub.8)--C(O)--, ##STR00115## --C(O)--C(O)--,
--C(O)--C(O)--O--, and --C(.dbd.NH)--N(R.sub.8)--, R is selected
from the group consisting of: halogen, hydroxy, alkyl, alkenyl,
haloalkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, and --N(R.sub.9).sub.2; n is an
integer from 0 to 4; R.sub.1 is selected from the group consisting
of: --R.sub.4, --X'--R.sub.4, --X'--Y'--R.sub.4,
--X'--Y'--X'--Y'--R.sub.4, and --X'--R.sub.5; R.sub.3 is selected
from the group consisting of: -Z'-R.sub.4, -Z'-X'--R.sub.4,
-Z'-X'--Y'--R.sub.4, -Z'-X'--Y'--X'--Y'--R.sub.4, and
-Z'-X'--R.sub.5; m is 0 or 1, with the proviso that when m is 1
than n is 0 or 1; X' is selected from the group consisting of
alkylene, alkenylene, alkynylene, arylene, heteroarylene, and
heterocyclylene, wherein the alkylene, alkenylene, and alkynylene
groups can be optionally interrupted or terminated by arylene,
heteroarylene or heterocyclylene and optionally interrupted by one
or more --O-- groups; Y' is selected from the group consisting of:
--O--, --S(O).sub.0-2--, --S(O).sub.2--N(R.sub.8)--,
--C(R.sub.6)--, --C(R.sub.6)--O--, --O--C(R.sub.6)-- --O--C(O)--O,
--N(R.sub.8)-Q-, --C(R.sub.6)--N(R.sub.8)--,
--O--C(R.sub.6)--N(R.sub.8)--, --C(R.sub.6)--N(OR.sub.9)--,
--O--N(R.sub.8)-Q-, --O--N.dbd.C(R.sub.4)--,
--C(.dbd.N--O--R.sub.8)--, --CH(--N(--O--R.sub.8)-Q-R.sub.4)--,
##STR00116## Z' is a bond or --O--; R.sub.4 is selected from the
group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl,
arylalkylenyl, aryloxyalkylenyl, alkylarylenyl, heteroaryl,
heteroarylalkylenyl, heteroaryloxyalkylenyl, alkylheteroarylenyl,
and heterocyclyl, wherein the alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl,
arylalkylenyl, aryloxyalkylenyl, alkylarylenyl, heteroaryl,
heteroarylalkylenyl, heteroaryloxyalkylenyl, alkylheteroarylenyl,
and heterocyclyl groups can be unsubstituted or substituted by one
or more substituents independently selected from the group
consisting of alkyl, alkoxy, hydroxyalkyl, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy,
halogen, nitro, hydroxy, mercapto, cyano, aryl, aryloxy,
arylalkleneoxy, heteroaryl, heteroaryloxy, heteroarylalkleneoxy,
heterocyclyl, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino,
(dialkylamino)alkyleneoxy, and in the case of alkyl, alkenyl,
alkynyl, and heterocyclyl, oxo; R.sub.5 is selected from the group
consisting of: ##STR00117## R.sub.6 is selected from the group
consisting of .dbd.O and .dbd.S; R.sub.7 is C.sub.2-7 alkylene;
R.sub.8 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen,
C.sub.1-10 alkyl, C.sub.2-10 alkenyl, C.sub.1-10 alkoxy-C.sub.1-10
alkylenyl, hydroxy-C.sub.1-10 alkylenyl, heteroaryl-C.sub.1-10
alkylenyl, and aryl-C.sub.1-10 alkylenyl; R.sub.9 is selected from
the group consisting of hydrogen and alkyl; R.sub.10 is C.sub.3-8
alkylene; A is selected from the group consisting of --O--,
--C(O)--, --S(O).sub.0-2--, --CH.sub.2--, and --N(-Q-R.sub.4)--, A'
is selected from the group consisting of --O--, --S(O).sub.0-2--,
N(-Q-R.sub.4)--, and --CH.sub.2--; Q is selected from the group
consisting of a bond, --C(R.sub.6)--, --C(R.sub.6)--C(R.sub.6)--,
--S(O).sub.2--, --C(R.sub.6)--N(R.sub.8)--W--,
--S(O).sub.2--N(R.sub.8)--, --C(R.sub.6)--O--, --C(R.sub.6)--S--,
and --C(R.sub.6)--N(OR.sub.9)--; V is selected from the group
consisting of --C(R.sub.6)--, --O--C(R.sub.6)--,
N(R.sub.8)--C(R.sub.6)--, and --S(O).sub.2--; W is selected from
the group consisting of a bond, --C(O)--, and --S(O).sub.2--; and a
and b are independently integers from 1 to 6 with the proviso that
a+b is .ltoreq.7; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt
thereof.
6. (canceled)
7. The compound of claim 1, wherein Formula I is Formula IV:
##STR00118## wherein: Z is selected from the group consisting of:
--C(.dbd.N--O--R.sub.2-2)-- and
--C(R.sub.2-4)(--N(--OR.sub.2-2)--Y--R.sub.2-3)--; X is selected
from the group consisting of a bond, C.sub.1-4 alkylene and
C.sub.2-4 alkenylene; R.sub.2-1, R.sub.2-2, and R.sub.2-3 are
independently selected from the group consisting of: hydrogen,
alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, arylalkylenyl, heteroaryl,
heteroarylalkylenyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylalkylenyl, and
alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, arylalkylenyl, heteroaryl,
heteroarylalkylenyl, heterocyclyl, and heterocyclylalkylenyl,
substituted by one or more substituents selected from the group
consisting of: hydroxy, alkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxy,
dialkylamino, --S(O).sub.0-2R.sub.2-5, --NH--S(O).sub.2--R.sub.2-5,
haloalkoxy, halogen, cyano, nitro, --N.sub.3, aryl, heteroaryl,
heterocyclyl, aryloxy, arylalkyleneoxy, --C(O)--O-alkyl,
--C(O)--N(R.sub.8).sub.2, --N(R.sub.8)--C(O)--R.sub.2-5,
--NH--C(O)--NH--R.sub.2-5, --NH--C(O)--NH.sub.2, --O--(CO)-alkyl,
and --C(O)-alkyl; with the proviso that R.sub.2-2 is other than
alkenyl wherein the carbon atom bonded to --O-- is doubly bonded to
another carbon atom, R.sub.2-4 is selected from the group
consisting of hydrogen, C.sub.1-4alkyl, and phenyl; R.sub.2-5 is
selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aryl, arylalkylenyl,
heteroaryl, and heteroarylalkylenyl, each of which is unsubstituted
or substituted by one or more substituents selected from the group
consisting of halogen, cyano, nitro, alkoxy, dialkylamino,
alkylthio, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, alkyl, and --N.sub.3; Y is
selected from the group consisting of: a bond, --C(R.sub.6)--,
--S(O).sub.2, --S(O).sub.2--N(R.sub.8)--, ##STR00119## --C(O)--O--,
--C(R.sub.6)--N(R.sub.8)--, --C(O)--N(R.sub.8)--S(O).sub.2--,
--C(R.sub.6)--N(R.sub.8)--C(O)--, ##STR00120## --C(O)--C(O)--,
--C(O)--C(O)--O--, and --C(.dbd.NH)--N(R.sub.8)--, R is selected
from the group consisting of: halogen, hydroxy, alkyl, alkenyl,
haloalkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, and --N(R.sub.9).sub.2; p is an
integer from 0 to 3; R.sub.1 is selected from the group consisting
of: --R.sub.4, --X'--R.sub.4, --X'--Y'--R.sub.4,
--X'--Y'--X'--Y'--R.sub.4, and --X'--R.sub.5; R.sub.3 is selected
from the group consisting of: -Z'-R.sub.4, -Z'-X'--R.sub.4,
-Z'-X'--Y'--R.sub.4, -Z'-X'--Y'--X'--Y'--R.sub.4, and
-Z'-X'--R.sub.5; m is 0 or 1, with the proviso that when m is 1
then p is 0 or 1; X' is selected from the group consisting of
alkylene, alkenylene, alkynylene, arylene, heteroarylene, and
heterocyclylene, wherein the alkylene, alkenylene, and alkenylene
groups can be optionally interrupted or terminated by arylene,
heteroarylene or heterocyclylene and optionally interrupted by one
or more --O-- groups; Y' is selected from the group consisting of:
--O--, --S(O).sub.0-2--, --S(O).sub.2--N(R.sub.8)--,
--C(R.sub.6)--, --C(R.sub.6)--O--, --O--C(R.sub.6)-- --O--C(O)--O,
--N(R.sub.8)-Q-, --C(R.sub.6)--N(R.sub.8)--,
--O--C(R.sub.6)--N(R.sub.8)--, --C(R.sub.6)--N(OR.sub.9)--,
--O--N(R.sub.8)-Q-, --O--N.dbd.C(R.sub.4)--,
--C(.dbd.N--O--R.sub.8)--, --CH(--N(--O--R.sub.8)-Q-R.sub.4)--,
##STR00121## Z' is a bond or --O--; R.sub.4 is selected from the
group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl,
arylalkylenyl, aryloxyalkylenyl, alkylarylenyl, heteroaryl,
heteroarylalkylenyl, heteroaryloxyalkylenyl, alkylheteroarylenyl,
and heterocyclyl, wherein the alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl,
arylalkylenyl, aryloxyalkylenyl, alkylarylenyl, heteroaryl,
heteroarylalkylenyl, heteroaryloxyalkylenyl, alkylheteroarylenyl,
and heterocyclyl groups can be unsubstituted or substituted by one
or more substituents independently selected from the group
consisting of alkyl, alkoxy, hydroxyalkyl, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy,
halogen, nitro, hydroxy, mercapto, cyano, aryl, aryloxy,
arylalkleneoxy, heteroaryl, heteroaryloxy, heteroarylalkleneoxy,
heterocyclyl, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino,
(dialkylamino)alkyleneoxy, and in the case of alkyl, alkenyl,
alkynyl, and heterocyclyl, oxo; R.sub.5 is selected from the group
consisting of: ##STR00122## R.sub.6 is selected from the group
consisting of .dbd.O and .dbd.S; R.sub.7 is C.sub.2-7 alkylene;
R.sub.8 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen,
C.sub.1-10 alkyl, C.sub.2-10 alkenyl, C.sub.1-10 alkoxy-C.sub.1-10
alkylenyl, hydroxy-C.sub.1-10 alkylenyl, heteroaryl-C.sub.1-10
alkylenyl, and aryl-C.sub.1-10 alkylenyl; R.sub.9 is selected from
the group consisting of hydrogen and alkyl; R.sub.10 is C.sub.3-8
alkylene; A is selected from the group consisting of --O--,
--C(O)--, --S(O).sub.0-2--, --CH.sub.2--, and --N(-Q-R.sub.4)--, A'
is selected from the group consisting of --O--, --S(O).sub.0-2--,
N(-Q-R.sub.4)--, and --CH.sub.2--; Q is selected from the group
consisting of a bond, --C(R.sub.6)--, --C(R.sub.6)--C(R.sub.6)--,
--S(O).sub.2--, --C(R.sub.6)--N(R.sub.8)--W--,
--S(O).sub.2--N(R.sub.8)--, --C(R.sub.6)--O--, --C(R.sub.6)--S--,
and --C(R.sub.6)--N(OR.sub.9)--; V is selected from the group
consisting of --C(R.sub.6)--, --O--C(R.sub.6)--,
N(R.sub.8)--C(R.sub.6)--, and --S(O).sub.2--; W is selected from
the group consisting of a bond, --C(O)--, and --S(O).sub.2--; and a
and b are independently integers from 1 to 6 with the proviso that
a+b is .ltoreq.7; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt
thereof.
8. (canceled)
9. A compound of Formula VII: ##STR00123## wherein: G is selected
from the group consisting of: --C(O)--R'', .alpha.-aminoacyl,
.alpha.-aminoacyl-.alpha.-aminoacyl, --C(O)--O--R'',
--C(O)--N(R'''')R'', --C(.dbd.NY.sub.1)--R'',
--CH(OH)--C(O)--OY.sub.1, --CH(OC.sub.1-4alkyl)Y.sub.0,
--CH.sub.2Y.sub.2, and --CH(CH.sub.3)Y.sub.2; R'' and R'''' are
independently selected from the group consisting of
C.sub.1-10alkyl, C.sub.3-7cycloalkyl, phenyl, and benzyl, each of
which may be unsubstituted or substituted by one or more
substituents independently selected from the group consisting of
halogen, hydroxy, nitro, cyano, carboxy, C.sub.1-6alkyl,
C.sub.1-4alkoxy, aryl heteroaryl, aryl-C.sub.1-4alkylenyl,
heteroaryl-C.sub.1-4alkylenyl, halo-C.sub.1-4alkylenyl,
halo-C.sub.1-4alkoxy, --O--C(O)--CH.sub.3, --C(O)--O--CH.sub.3,
--C(O)--NH.sub.2, --O--CH.sub.2--C(O)--NH.sub.2, --NH.sub.2, and
--S(O).sub.2--NH.sub.2, with the proviso that R'''' can also be
hydrogen; .alpha.-aminoacyl is an .alpha.-aminoacyl group derived
from an .alpha.-amino acid selected from the group consisting of
racemic, D-, and L-amino acids; Y.sub.1 is selected from the group
consisting of hydrogen, C.sub.1-6alkyl, and benzyl; Y.sub.0 is
selected from the group consisting of C.sub.1-6alkyl,
carboxy-C.sub.1-6alkylenyl, amino-C.sub.1-4alkylenyl,
mono-N--C.sub.1-6alkylamino-C.sub.1-4alkylenyl, and
di-N,N--C.sub.1-6alkylamino-C.sub.1-4alkylenyl; Y.sub.2 is selected
from the group consisting of mono-N--C.sub.1-6alkylamino,
di-N,N--C.sub.1-6alkylamino, morpholin-4-yl, piperidin-1-yl,
pyrrolidin-1-yl, and 4-C.sub.1-4alkylpiperazin-1-yl; R.sub.A2 and
R.sub.B2 are each independently selected from the group consisting
of; hydrogen, halogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, and
--N(R.sub.9).sub.2; or when taken together, R.sub.A2 and R.sub.B2
form a fused benzene ring or fused pyridine ring wherein the fused
benzene ring or fused pyridine ring is unsubstituted or substituted
by one R.sub.3 group, or one R group and one R group, or one, two,
three, or four R groups when on the fused benzene ring, or one,
two, or three R groups when on the fused pyridine ring; or when
taken together, R.sub.A2 and R.sub.B2 form a fused cyclohexene ring
or a fused tetrahydropyridine ring, wherein the fused cyclohexene
or tetrahydropyridine ring is unsubstituted or substituted by one
or more R groups; Z is selected from the group consisting of:
--C(.dbd.N--O--R.sub.2-2)-- and
--C(R.sub.2-4)(--N(--OR.sub.2-2)--Y--R.sub.2-3)--; X is selected
from the group consisting of a bond, C.sub.1-4 alkylene and
C.sub.2-4 alkenylene; R.sub.2-1, R.sub.2-2, and R.sub.2-3 are
independently selected from the group consisting of: hydrogen,
alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, arylalkylenyl, heteroaryl,
heteroarylalkylenyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylalkylenyl, and
alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, arylalkylenyl, heteroaryl,
heteroarylalkylenyl, heterocyclyl, and heterocyclylalkylenyl,
substituted by one or more substituents selected from the group
consisting of: hydroxy, alkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxy,
dialkylamino, --S(O).sub.0-2R.sub.2-5, --NH--S(O).sub.2--R.sub.2-5,
haloalkoxy, halogen, cyano, nitro, --N.sub.3, aryl, heteroaryl,
heterocyclyl, aryloxy, arylalkyleneoxy, --C(O)--O-alkyl,
--C(O)--N(R.sub.8).sub.2, --N(R.sub.8)--C(O)--R.sub.2-5,
--NH--C(O)--NH--R.sub.2-5, --NH--C(O)--NH.sub.2, --O--(CO)-alkyl,
and --C(O)-alkyl; with the proviso that R.sub.2-2 is other than
alkenyl wherein the carbon atom bonded to --O-- is doubly bonded to
another carbon atom, R.sub.2-4 is selected from the group
consisting of hydrogen, C.sub.1-4alkyl, and phenyl; R.sub.2-5 is
selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aryl, arylalkylenyl,
heteroaryl, and heteroarylalkylenyl, each of which is unsubstituted
or substituted by one or more substituents selected from the group
consisting of halogen, cyano, nitro, alkoxy, dialkylamino,
alkylthio, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, alkyl, and --N.sub.3; Y is
selected from the group consisting of: a bond, --C(R.sub.6)--,
--S(O).sub.2, --S(O).sub.2--N(R.sub.8)--, ##STR00124## --C(O)--O--,
--C(R.sub.6)--N(R.sub.8)--, --C(O)--N(R.sub.8)--S(O).sub.2--,
--C(R.sub.6)--N(R.sub.8)--C(O)--, ##STR00125## --C(O)--C(O)--,
--C(O)--C(O)--O--, and --C(.dbd.NH)--N(R.sub.8)--, R is selected
from the group consisting of: halogen, hydroxy, alkyl, alkenyl,
haloalkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, and --N(R.sub.9).sub.2; R.sub.1 is
selected from the group consisting of: --R.sub.4, --X'--R.sub.4,
--X'--Y'--R.sub.4, --X'--Y'--X'--Y'--R.sub.4, and --X'--R.sub.5;
R.sub.3 is selected from the group consisting of: -Z'-R.sub.4,
-Z'-X'--R.sub.4, -Z'-X'--Y'--R.sub.4, -Z'-X'--Y'--X'--Y'--R.sub.4,
and -Z'-X'--R.sub.5; X' is selected from the group consisting of
alkylene, alkenylene, alkynylene, arylene, heteroarylene, and
heterocyclylene, wherein the alkylene, alkenylene, and alkenylene
groups can be optionally interrupted or terminated by arylene,
heteroarylene or heterocyclylene and optionally interrupted by one
or more --O-- groups; Y' is selected from the group consisting of:
--O--, --S(O).sub.0-2--, --S(O).sub.2--N(R.sub.8)--,
--C(R.sub.6)--, --C(R.sub.6)--O--, --O--C(R.sub.6)-- --O--C(O)--O,
--N(R.sub.8)-Q-, --C(R.sub.6)--N(R.sub.8)--,
--O--C(R.sub.6)--N(R.sub.8)--, --C(R.sub.6)--N(OR.sub.9)--,
--O--N(R.sub.8)-Q-, --O--N.dbd.C(R.sub.4)--,
--C(.dbd.N--O--R.sub.8)--, --CH(--N(--O--R.sub.8)-Q-R.sub.4)--,
##STR00126## Z' is a bond or --O--; R.sub.4 is selected from the
group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl,
arylalkylenyl, aryloxyalkylenyl, alkylarylenyl, heteroaryl,
heteroarylalkylenyl, heteroaryloxyalkylenyl, alkylheteroarylenyl,
and heterocyclyl, wherein the alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl,
arylalkylenyl, aryloxyalkylenyl, alkylarylenyl, heteroaryl,
heteroarylalkylenyl, heteroaryloxyalkylenyl, alkylheteroarylenyl,
and heterocyclyl groups can be unsubstituted or substituted by one
or more substituents independently selected from the group
consisting of alkyl, alkoxy, hydroxyalkyl, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy,
halogen, nitro, hydroxy, mercapto, cyano, aryl, aryloxy,
arylalkleneoxy, heteroaryl, heteroaryloxy, heteroarylalkleneoxy,
heterocyclyl, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino,
(dialkylamino)alkyleneoxy, and in the case of alkyl, alkenyl,
alkynyl, and heterocyclyl, oxo; R.sub.5 is selected from the group
consisting of: ##STR00127## R.sub.6 is selected from the group
consisting of .dbd.O and .dbd.S; R.sub.7 is C.sub.2-7 alkylene;
R.sub.8 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen,
C.sub.1-10 alkyl, C.sub.2-10 alkenyl, C.sub.1-10 alkoxy-C.sub.1-10
alkylenyl, hydroxy-C.sub.1-10 alkylenyl, heteroaryl-C.sub.1-10
alkylenyl, and aryl-C.sub.1-10 alkylenyl; R.sub.9 is selected from
the group consisting of hydrogen and alkyl; R.sub.10 is C.sub.3-8
alkylene; A is selected from the group consisting of --O--,
--C(O)--, --S(O).sub.0-2--, --CH.sub.2--, and --N(-Q-R.sub.4)--, A'
is selected from the group consisting of --O--, --S(O).sub.0-2--,
N(-Q-R.sub.4)--, and --CH.sub.2--; Q is selected from the group
consisting of a bond, --C(R.sub.6)--, --C(R.sub.6)--C(R.sub.6)--,
--S(O).sub.2--, --C(R.sub.6)--N(R.sub.8)--W--,
--S(O).sub.2--N(R.sub.8)--, --C(R.sub.6)--O--, --C(R.sub.6)--S--,
and --C(R.sub.6)--N(OR.sub.9)--; V is selected from the group
consisting of --C(R.sub.6)--, --O--C(R.sub.6)--,
N(R.sub.8)--C(R.sub.6)--, and --S(O).sub.2--; W is selected from
the group consisting of a bond, --C(O)--, and --S(O).sub.2--; and a
and b are independently integers from 1 to 6 with the proviso that
a+b is .ltoreq.7; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt
thereof.
10. A compound of Formula VIIIa: ##STR00128## wherein: Z is
selected from the group consisting of: --C(.dbd.N--O--R.sub.2-2)--
and --C(R.sub.2-4)(--N(--OR.sub.2-2)--Y--R.sub.2-3)--; X is
selected from the group consisting of a bond, C.sub.1-4 alkylene
and C.sub.2-4 alkenylene; R.sub.2-1, R.sub.2-2, and R.sub.2-3 are
independently selected from the group consisting of: hydrogen,
alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, arylalkylenyl, heteroaryl,
heteroarylalkylenyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylalkylenyl, and
alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, arylalkylenyl, heteroaryl,
heteroarylalkylenyl, heterocyclyl, and heterocyclylalkylenyl,
substituted by one or more substituents selected from the group
consisting of: hydroxy, alkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxy,
dialkylamino, --S(O).sub.0-2R.sub.2-5, --NH--S(O).sub.2--R.sub.2-5,
haloalkoxy, halogen, cyano, nitro, --N.sub.3, aryl, heteroaryl,
heterocyclyl, aryloxy, arylalkyleneoxy, --C(O)--O-alkyl,
--C(O)--N(R.sub.8).sub.2, --N(R.sub.8)--C(O)--R.sub.2-5,
--NH--C(O)--NH--R.sub.2-5, --NH--C(O)--NH.sub.2, --O--(CO)-alkyl,
and --C(O)-alkyl; with the proviso that R.sub.2-2 is other than
alkenyl wherein the carbon atom bonded to --O-- is doubly bonded to
another carbon atom, R.sub.2-4 is selected from the group
consisting of hydrogen, C.sub.1-4alkyl, and phenyl; R.sub.2-5 is
selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aryl, arylalkylenyl,
heteroaryl, and heteroarylalkylenyl, each of which is unsubstituted
or substituted by one or more substituents selected from the group
consisting of halogen, cyano, nitro, alkoxy, dialkylamino,
alkylthio, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, alkyl, and --N.sub.3; Y is
selected from the group consisting of: a bond, --C(R.sub.6)--,
--S(O).sub.2, --S(O).sub.2--N(R.sub.8)--, ##STR00129## --C(O)--O--,
--C(R.sub.6)--N(R.sub.8)--, --C(O)--N(R.sub.8)--S(O).sub.2--,
--C(R.sub.6)--N(R.sub.8)--C(O)--, ##STR00130## --C(O)--C(O)--,
--C(O)--C(O)--O--, and --C(.dbd.NH)--N(R.sub.8)--, R is selected
from the group consisting of: halogen, hydroxy, alkyl, alkenyl,
haloalkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, and --N(R.sub.9).sub.2; n is an
integer from 0 to 4; R.sub.6 is selected from the group consisting
of .dbd.O and .dbd.S; R.sub.8 is selected from the group consisting
of hydrogen, C.sub.1-10 alkyl, C.sub.2-10 alkenyl, C.sub.1-10
alkoxy-C.sub.1-10 alkylenyl, hydroxy-C.sub.1-10alkylenyl,
heteroaryl-C.sub.1-10alkylenyl, and aryl-C.sub.1-10 alkylenyl;
R.sub.9 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and
alkyl; R.sub.10 is C.sub.3-8 alkylene; or a pharmaceutically
acceptable salt thereof
11. The compound or salt of claim 4 wherein R.sub.A1 and R.sub.B1
are each methyl.
12. The compound or salt of claim 5 wherein R is halogen or
hydroxy.
13. The compound or salt of claim 5, wherein n is 0.
14. The compound or salt of claim 7 wherein p is 0.
15. The compound or salt of claim 2, wherein R.sub.3 is selected
from the group consisting of phenyl, pyridin-3-yl, pyridin-4-yl,
5-(hydroxymethyl)pyridin-3-yl, 2-ethoxyphenyl,
3-(morpholine-4-carbonyl)phenyl, and
3-(N,N-dimethylaminocarbonyl)phenyl.
16. The compound or salt of claim 2, wherein R.sub.3 is
benzyloxy.
17. The compound or salt of claim 5, wherein in is 0.
18. The compound or salt of claim 1 wherein Z is
--C(.dbd.N--O--R.sub.2-2)--.
19-27. (canceled)
28. The compound or salt of claim 1 is a bond or
C.sub.1-4alkylene.
29. (canceled)
30. The compound or salt of claim 3 wherein R.sub.1 is selected
from the group consisting of alkyl, arylalkylenyl,
aryloxyalkylenyl, hydroxyalkyl, dihydroxyalkyl,
alkylsulfonylalkylenyl, --X'--Y'--R.sub.4, --X'--R.sub.5, and
heterocyclylalkylenyl; wherein the heterocyclyl of the
heterocyclylalkylenyl group is optionally substituted by one or
more alkyl groups; wherein X' is alkylene; Y' is
--N(R.sub.8)--C(O)--, --N(R.sub.8)--S(O).sub.2--,
--N(R.sub.8)--C(O)--N(R.sub.8)--, or ##STR00131## R.sub.4 is alkyl,
aryl, or heteroaryl; and R.sub.5 is ##STR00132##
31. The compound or salt of claim 30 wherein R.sub.1 is selected
from the group consisting of 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl,
2-methylpropyl, propyl, ethyl, methyl, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl,
2-phenoxyethyl, 4-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]butyl,
2-methyl-2-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]propyl,
2-(acetylamino)-2methylpropyl,
2-{[(isopropylamino)carbonyl]amino}-2-methylpropyl,
4-{[(isopropylamino)carbonyl]amino}butyl,
4-I1,1-dioxidoisothiazolidin-2-yl)butyl,
tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-ylmethyl, and
(2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)methyl.
32. The compound or salt of claim 30 wherein R.sub.1 is selected
from the group consisting of (1-hydroxycyclobutyl)methyl,
(1-hydroxycyclopentyl)methyl, and (1-hydroxycyclohexyl)methyl.
33. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically
effective amount of a compound or salt of claim 1 and a
pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
34. A method of inducing cytokine biosynthesis in an animal
comprising administering an effective amount of a compound or salt
of claim 1 to the animal.
35. A method of treating a viral disease in an animal in need
thereof comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount
of a compound or salt of claim 1 to the animal.
36. A method of treating a neoplastic disease in an animal in need
thereof comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount
of a compound or salt of claim 1 to the animal.
Description
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] The present invention claims priority to U.S. Provisional
Application Ser. No. 60/652,209, filed Feb. 11, 2005, which is
incorporated herein by reference.
BACKGROUND
[0002] Certain compounds have been found to be useful as immune
response modifiers (IRMs), rendering them useful in the treatment
of a variety of disorders. However, there continues to be interest
in and a need for compounds that have the ability to modulate the
immune response, by induction of cytokine biosynthesis or other
means.
SUMMARY
[0003] The present invention provides a new class of compounds that
are useful in inducing cytokine biosynthesis in animals. Such
compounds are of the following Formula I:
##STR00001##
wherein R.sub.A, R.sub.B, X, Z, R', and R.sub.2-1 are as defined
below.
[0004] The compounds of Formula I are useful as immune response
modifiers due to their ability to induce cytokine biosynthesis
(e.g., induces the synthesis of at least one cytokine) and
otherwise modulate the immune response when administered to
animals. This makes the compounds useful in the treatment of a
variety of conditions such as viral diseases and tumors that are
responsive to such changes in the immune response.
[0005] The invention further provides pharmaceutical compositions
containing an effective amount of a compound of Formula I and
methods of inducing cytokine biosynthesis in an animal, treating a
viral infection or disease and/or treating a neoplastic F disease
in an animal by administering an effective amount of a compound of
Formula I to the animal.
[0006] In addition, methods of synthesizing compounds of Formula I
and intermediates useful in the synthesis of these compounds are
provided.
[0007] As used herein, "a," "an," "the," "at least one," and "one
or more" are used interchangeably.
[0008] The terms "comprises" and variations thereof do not have a
limiting meaning where these terms appear in the description and
claims.
[0009] The above summary of the present invention is not intended
to describe each disclosed embodiment or every implementation of
the present invention. The description that follows more
particularly exemplifies illustrative embodiments. In several
places throughout the description, guidance is provided through
lists of examples, which examples can be used in various
combinations. In each instance, the recited list serves only as a
representative group and should not be interpreted as an exclusive
list.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF ILLUSTRATIVE EMBODIMENTS OF THE
INVENTION
[0010] The present invention provides compounds of the following
Formulas I, I, III, IV, V, VI, and VII:
##STR00002##
as well as certain intermediates of the following Formula VIII:
##STR00003##
wherein R.sub.A, R.sub.B, R.sub.A1, R.sub.B1, R.sub.A2, R.sub.B2,
R, R', R.sub.1, R.sub.2-1, R.sub.3, m, n, p, G, X, and Z are as
defined below; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
[0011] In one embodiment, the present invention provides a compound
of Formula I:
##STR00004##
wherein:
[0012] Z is selected from the group consisting of: [0013]
--C(--N--O--R.sub.2-2)-- and [0014]
--C(R.sub.2-4)(--N(--OR.sub.2-2)--Y--R.sub.2-3)--;
[0015] X is selected from the group consisting of a bond, C.sub.1-4
alkylene and C.sub.2-4 alkenylene;
[0016] R.sub.2--, R.sub.2-2, and R.sub.2-3 are independently
selected from the group consisting of: [0017] hydrogen, [0018]
alkyl, [0019] alkenyl, [0020] aryl, [0021] arylalkylenyl, [0022]
heteroaryl, [0023] heteroarylalkylenyl, [0024] heterocyclyl, [0025]
heterocyclylalkylenyl, and
[0026] alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, arylalkylenyl, heteroaryl,
heteroarylalkylenyl, heterocyclyl, and heterocyclylalkylenyl,
substituted by one or more substituents selected from the group
consisting of: [0027] hydroxy, [0028] alkyl, [0029] haloalkyl,
[0030] hydroxyalkyl, [0031] alkoxy, [0032] dialkylamino, [0033]
--S(O).sub.0-2--R.sub.2-5, [0034] --NH--S(O).sub.2--R.sub.2-5,
[0035] haloalkoxy, [0036] halogen, [0037] cyano, [0038] nitro,
[0039] --N.sub.3, [0040] aryl, [0041] heteroaryl, [0042]
heterocyclyl, [0043] aryloxy, [0044] arylalkyleneoxy, [0045]
--C(O)--O-alkyl, [0046] --C(O)--N(R.sub.8).sub.2, [0047]
--N(R.sub.8)--C(O)--R.sub.2-5, [0048] --NH--C(O)--NH--R.sub.2-5,
[0049] --NH--C(O)--NH.sub.2 [0050] --O--(CO)-alkyl, and [0051]
--C(O)-alkyl; [0052] with the proviso that R.sub.2-2 is other than
alkenyl wherein the carbon atom bonded to --O-- is doubly bonded to
another carbon atom;
[0053] R.sub.2-4 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen,
C.sub.1-4alkyl, and phenyl;
[0054] R.sub.2-5 is selected from the group consisting of alkyl,
aryl, arylalkylenyl, heteroaryl, and heteroarylalkylenyl, each of
which is unsubstituted or substituted by one or more substituents
selected from the group consisting of halogen, cyano, nitro,
alkoxy, dialkylamino, alkylthio, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, alkyl, and
--N.sub.3;
[0055] Y is selected from the group consisting of: [0056] a bond,
[0057] --C(R.sub.6)--, [0058] --S(O).sub.2--, [0059]
--S(O).sub.2--N(R.sub.8)--,
[0059] ##STR00005## [0060] --C(O)--O--, [0061]
--C(R.sub.6)--N(R.sub.8)--, [0062]
--C(O)--N(R.sub.9)--S(O).sub.2--, [0063]
--C(R.sub.6)--N(R.sub.8)--C(O)--,
[0063] ##STR00006## [0064] --C(O)--C(O)--, [0065]
--C(O)--C(O)--O--, and [0066] --C(.dbd.NH)--N(R.sub.8)--;
[0067] R.sub.A and R.sub.B are each independently selected from the
group consisting of: [0068] hydrogen, [0069] halogen, [0070] alkyl,
[0071] alkenyl, [0072] alkoxy, [0073] alkylthio, and [0074]
--N(R.sub.9).sub.2;
[0075] or when taken together, R.sub.A and R.sub.B form a fused
benzene ring or fused pyridine ring wherein the fused benzene ring
or fused pyridine ring is unsubstituted or substituted by one or
more R''' groups;
[0076] or when taken together, R.sub.A and R.sub.B form a fused
cyclohexene ring or a fused tetrahydropyridine ring, wherein the
fused cyclohexene or tetrahydropyridine ring is unsubstituted or
substituted by one or more R groups;
[0077] R is selected from the group consisting of: [0078] halogen,
[0079] hydroxy, [0080] alkyl, [0081] alkenyl, [0082] haloalkyl,
[0083] alkoxy, [0084] alkylthio, and [0085] --N(R.sub.9).sub.2;
[0086] R' is hydrogen or a non-interfering substituent;
[0087] R''' is a non-interfering substitutent;
[0088] R.sub.6 is selected from the group consisting of .dbd.O and
.dbd.S;
[0089] R.sub.8 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen,
C.sub.1-10 alkyl, C.sub.2-10 alkenyl, C.sub.1-10 alkoxy-C.sub.1-10
alkylenyl, hydroxy-C.sub.1-10 alkylenyl, heteroaryl-C.sub.1-10
alkylenyl, and aryl-C.sub.1-10alkylenyl;
[0090] R.sub.9 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen
and alkyl; and
[0091] R.sub.10 is C.sub.3-8 alkylene;
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0092] In another embodiment, the present invention provides a
compound of Formula II:
##STR00007##
wherein:
[0093] Z is selected from the group consisting of: [0094]
--C(.dbd.N--O--R.sub.2-2)-- and [0095]
--C(R.sub.2-4)(--N(--OR.sub.2-2)--Y--R.sub.2-3)--;
[0096] X is selected from the group consisting of a bond, C.sub.1-4
alkylene and C.sub.2-4 alkenylene;
[0097] R.sub.2-1, R.sub.2-2, and R.sub.2-3 are independently
selected from the group consisting of: [0098] hydrogen, [0099]
alkyl, [0100] alkenyl, [0101] aryl, [0102] arylalkylenyl, [0103]
heteroaryl, [0104] heteroarylalkylenyl, [0105] heterocyclyl, [0106]
heterocyclylalkylenyl, and
[0107] alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, arylalkylenyl, heteroaryl,
heteroarylalkylenyl, heterocyclyl, and heterocyclylalkylenyl,
substituted by one or more substituents selected from the group
consisting of: [0108] hydroxy, [0109] alkyl, [0110] haloalkyl,
[0111] hydroxyalkyl, [0112] alkoxy, [0113] dialkylamino, [0114]
--S(O).sub.0-2--R.sub.2-5, [0115] --NH--S(O).sub.2--R.sub.2-5,
[0116] haloalkoxy, [0117] halogen, [0118] cyano, [0119] nitro,
[0120] --N.sub.3, [0121] aryl, [0122] heteroaryl, [0123]
heterocyclyl, [0124] aryloxy, [0125] arylalkyleneoxy, [0126]
--C(O)--O-alkyl, [0127] --C(O)--N(R.sub.8).sub.2, [0128]
--N(R.sub.8)--C(O)--R.sub.2-5, [0129] --NH--C(O)--NH--R.sub.2-5,
[0130] --NH--C(O)--NH.sub.2 [0131] --O--(CO)-alkyl, and [0132]
--C(O)-alkyl; [0133] with the proviso that R.sub.2-2 is other than
alkenyl wherein the carbon atom bonded to --O-- is doubly bonded to
another carbon atom;
[0134] R.sub.2-4 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen,
C.sub.1-4alkyl, and phenyl;
[0135] R.sub.2-5 is selected from the group consisting of alkyl,
aryl, arylalkylenyl, heteroaryl, and heteroarylalkylenyl, each of
which is unsubstituted or substituted by one or more substituents
selected from the group consisting of halogen, cyano, nitro,
alkoxy, dialkylamino, alkylthio, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, alkyl, and
--N.sub.3;
[0136] Y is selected from the group consisting of: [0137] a bond,
[0138] --C(R.sub.6)--, [0139] --S(O).sub.2--, [0140]
--S(O).sub.2--N(R.sub.8)--,
[0140] ##STR00008## [0141] --C(O)--O--, [0142]
--C(R.sub.6)--N(R.sub.8)--, [0143]
--C(O)--N(R.sub.8)--S(O).sub.2--, [0144]
--C(R.sub.6)--N(R.sub.8)--C(O)--,
[0144] ##STR00009## [0145] --C(O)--C(O)--, [0146]
--C(O)--C(O)--O--, and [0147] --C(.dbd.NH)--N(R.sub.8)--;
[0148] R.sub.A1 and R.sub.B1 are each independently selected from
the group consisting of: [0149] hydrogen, [0150] halogen, [0151]
alkyl, [0152] alkenyl, [0153] alkoxy, [0154] alkylthio, and [0155]
--N(R.sub.9).sub.2;
[0156] R.sub.1 is selected from the group consisting of: [0157]
--R.sub.4, [0158] --X'--R.sub.4, [0159] --X'--Y'--R.sub.4, [0160]
--X'--Y'--X'--Y'--R.sub.4, and [0161] --X'--R.sub.5;
[0162] X' is selected from the group consisting of alkylene,
alkenylene, alkynylene, arylene, heteroarylene, and
heterocyclylene, wherein the alkylene, alkenylene, and alkynylene
groups can be optionally interrupted or terminated by arylene,
heteroarylene or heterocyclylene and optionally interrupted by one
or more --O-- groups;
[0163] Y' is selected from the group consisting of: [0164] --O--,
[0165] --S(O).sub.0-2--, [0166] --S(O).sub.2--N(R.sub.8)--, [0167]
--C(R.sub.6)--, [0168] --C(R.sub.6)--O--, [0169] --O--C(R.sub.6)--,
[0170] --O--C(O)--O--, [0171] --N(R.sub.8)-Q-, [0172]
--C(R.sub.6)--N(R.sub.8)--, [0173] --O--C(R.sub.6)--N(R.sub.8)--,
[0174] --C(R.sub.6)--N(OR.sub.9)--, [0175] --O--N(R.sub.8)-Q-,
[0176] --O--N.dbd.C(R.sub.4)--, [0177] --C(.dbd.N--O--R.sub.8)--,
[0178] --CH(--N(--O--R.sub.8)-Q-R.sub.4)--,
##STR00010##
[0179] R.sub.4 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen,
alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, arylalkylenyl, aryloxyalkylenyl,
alkylarylenyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkylenyl,
heteroaryloxyalkylenyl, alkylheteroarylenyl, and heterocyclyl,
wherein the alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, arylalkylenyl,
aryloxyalkylenyl, alkylarylenyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkylenyl,
heteroaryloxyalkylenyl, alkylheteroarylenyl, and heterocyclyl
groups can be unsubstituted or substituted by one or more
substituents independently selected from the group consisting of
alkyl, alkoxy, hydroxyalkyl, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, halogen, nitro,
hydroxy, mercapto, cyano, aryl, aryloxy, arylalkyleneoxy,
heteroaryl, heteroaryloxy, heteroarylalkyleneoxy, heterocyclyl,
amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, (dialkylamino)alkyleneoxy, and in
the case of alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, and heterocyclyl, oxo;
[0180] R.sub.5 is selected from the group consisting of:
##STR00011##
[0181] R.sub.6 is selected from the group consisting of .dbd.O and
.dbd.S;
[0182] R.sub.7 is C.sub.2-7 alkylene;
[0183] R.sub.8 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen,
C.sub.1-10 alkyl, C.sub.2-10 alkenyl, C.sub.1-10 alkoxy-C.sub.1-10
alkylenyl, hydroxy-C.sub.1-10 alkylenyl, heteroaryl-C.sub.1-10
alkylenyl, and aryl-C.sub.1-10alkylenyl;
[0184] R.sub.9 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen
and alkyl;
[0185] R.sub.10 is C.sub.3-8 alkylene;
[0186] A is selected from the group consisting of --O--, --C(O)--,
--S(O).sub.0-2--, --CH.sub.2--, and --N(-Q-R.sub.4)--;
[0187] A' is selected from the group consisting of --O--,
--S(O).sub.0-2--, --N(-Q-R.sub.4)--, and --CH.sub.2--;
[0188] Q is selected from the group consisting of a bond,
--C(R.sub.6)--, --C(R.sub.6)--C(R.sub.6)--, --S(O).sub.2--,
--C(R.sub.6)--N(R.sub.8)--W--, --S(O)--NR.sub.8)--,
--C(R.sub.6)--O--, --C(R.sub.6)--S--, and
--C(R.sub.6)--N(OR.sub.9)--;
[0189] V is selected from the group consisting of --C(R.sub.6)--,
--O--C(R.sub.6)--, --N(R.sub.8)--C(R.sub.6)--, and
--S(O).sub.2--;
[0190] W is selected from the group consisting of a bond, --C(O)--,
and --S(O).sub.2--; and
[0191] a and b are independently integers from 1 to 6 with the
proviso that a+b is .ltoreq.7;
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0192] In another embodiment, the present invention provides a
compound of Formula III:
##STR00012##
wherein:
[0193] Z is selected from the group consisting of: [0194]
--C(.dbd.N--O--R.sub.2-2)-- and [0195]
--C(R.sub.2-4)(--N(--OR.sub.2-2)--Y--R.sub.2-3)--;
[0196] X is selected from the group consisting of a bond, C.sub.1-4
alkylene and C.sub.2-4 alkenylene;
[0197] R.sub.2-1, R.sub.2-2, and R.sub.2-3 are independently
selected from the group consisting of: [0198] hydrogen, [0199]
alkyl, [0200] alkenyl, [0201] aryl, [0202] arylalkylenyl, [0203]
heteroaryl, [0204] heteroarylalkylenyl, [0205] heterocyclyl, [0206]
heterocyclylalkylenyl, and
[0207] alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, arylalkylenyl, heteroaryl,
heteroarylalkylenyl, heterocyclyl, and heterocyclylalkylenyl,
substituted by one or more substituents selected from the group
consisting of: [0208] hydroxy, [0209] alkyl, [0210] haloalkyl,
[0211] hydroxyalkyl, [0212] alkoxy, [0213] dialkylamino, [0214]
--S(O).sub.0-2--R.sub.2-5, [0215] --NH--S(O).sub.2--R.sub.2-5,
[0216] haloalkoxy, [0217] halogen, [0218] cyano, [0219] nitro,
[0220] --N.sub.3, [0221] aryl, [0222] heteroaryl, [0223]
heterocyclyl, [0224] aryloxy, [0225] arylalkyleneoxy, [0226]
--C(O)--O-alkyl, [0227] --C(O)--N(R.sub.8).sub.2, [0228]
--N(R.sub.8)--C(O)--R.sub.2-5, [0229] --NH--C(O)--NH--R.sub.2-5,
[0230] --NH--C(O)--NH.sub.2 [0231] --O--(CO)-alkyl, and [0232]
--C(O)-alkyl; [0233] with the proviso that R.sub.2-2 is other than
alkenyl wherein the carbon atom bonded to --O-- is doubly bonded to
another carbon atom;
[0234] R.sub.2-4 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen,
C.sub.1-4alkyl, and phenyl;
[0235] R.sub.2-5 is selected from the group consisting of alkyl,
aryl, arylalkylenyl, heteroaryl, and heteroarylalkylenyl, each of
which is substituted or substituted by one or more substituents
selected from the group consisting of halogen, cyano, nitro,
alkoxy, dialkylamino, alkylthio, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, alkyl, and
--N.sub.3;
[0236] Y is selected from the group consisting of: [0237] a bond,
[0238] --C(R.sub.6)--, [0239] --S(O).sub.2--, [0240]
--S(O).sub.2--N(R.sub.8)--,
[0240] ##STR00013## [0241] --C(O)--O--, [0242]
--C(R.sub.6)--N(R.sub.8)--, [0243]
--C(O)--N(R.sub.8)--S(O).sub.2--, [0244]
--C(R.sub.6)--N(R.sub.8)--C(O)--,
[0244] ##STR00014## [0245] --C(O)--C(O)--, [0246]
--C(O)--C(O)--O--, and [0247] --C(.dbd.NH)--N(R.sub.8)--;
[0248] R is selected from the group consisting of: [0249] halogen,
[0250] hydroxy, [0251] alkyl, [0252] alkenyl, [0253] haloalkyl,
[0254] alkoxy, [0255] alkylthio, and [0256] --N(R.sub.9).sub.2;
[0257] n is an integer from 0 to 4;
[0258] R.sub.1 is selected from the group consisting of: [0259]
--R.sub.4, [0260] --X'--R.sub.4, [0261] --X'--Y'--R.sub.4, [0262]
--X'--Y'--X'--Y'--R.sub.4, and [0263] --X'--R.sub.5;
[0264] R.sub.3 is selected from the group consisting of: [0265]
-Z'-R.sub.4, [0266] -Z'-X'--R.sub.4, [0267] -Z'-X'--Y'--R.sub.4,
[0268] -Z'-X'--Y'--X'--Y'--R.sub.4, and [0269] -Z'-X'--R.sub.5;
[0270] m is 0 or 1, with the proviso that when m is 1 then n is 0
or 1;
[0271] X' is selected from the group consisting of alkylene,
alkenylene, alkynylene, arylene, heteroarylene, and
heterocyclylene, wherein the alkylene, alkenylene, and alkynylene
groups can be optionally interrupted or terminated by arylene,
heteroarylene or heterocyclylene and optionally interrupted by one
or more --O-- groups;
[0272] Y' is selected from the group consisting of: [0273] --O--,
[0274] --S(O).sub.0-2--, [0275] --S(O).sub.2--N(R.sub.8)--, [0276]
--C(R.sub.6)--, [0277] --C(R.sub.6)--O--, [0278] --O--C(R.sub.6)--,
[0279] --O--C(O)--O--, [0280] --N(R.sub.8)-Q-, [0281]
--C(R.sub.6)--N(R.sub.8)--, [0282] --O--C(R.sub.6)--N(R.sub.8)--,
[0283] --C(R.sub.6)--N(OR.sub.9)--, [0284] --O--N(R.sub.8)-Q-,
[0285] --O--N.dbd.C(R.sub.4)--, [0286] --C(.dbd.N--O--R.sub.8)--,
[0287] --CH(--N(--O--R.sub.8)-Q-R.sub.4)--,
##STR00015##
[0288] Z' is a bond or --O--;
[0289] R.sub.4 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen,
alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, arylalkylenyl, aryloxyalkylenyl,
alkylarylenyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkylenyl,
heteroaryloxyalkylenyl, alkylheteroarylenyl, and heterocyclyl,
wherein the alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, arylalkylenyl,
aryloxyalkylenyl, alkylarylenyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkylenyl,
heteroaryloxyalkylenyl, alkylheteroarylenyl, and heterocyclyl
groups can be unsubstituted or substituted by one or more
substituents independently selected from the group consisting of
alkyl, alkoxy, hydroxyalkyl, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, halogen, nitro,
hydroxy, mercapto, cyano, aryl, aryloxy, arylalkyleneoxy,
heteroaryl, heteroaryloxy, heteroarylalkyleneoxy, heterocyclyl,
amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, (dialkylamino)alkyleneoxy, and in
the case of alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, and heterocyclyl, oxo;
[0290] R.sub.5 is selected from the group consisting of:
##STR00016##
[0291] R.sub.6 is selected from the group consisting of .dbd.O and
.dbd.S;
[0292] R.sub.7 is C.sub.2-7 allylene;
[0293] R.sub.8 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen,
C.sub.1-10 alkyl, C.sub.2-10 alkenyl, C.sub.1-10 alkoxy-C.sub.1-10
alkylenyl, hydroxy-C.sub.1-10 alkylenyl, heteroaryl-C.sub.1-10
alkylenyl, and aryl-C.sub.1-10 alkylenyl;
[0294] R.sub.9 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen
and alkyl;
[0295] R.sub.10 is C.sub.3-8 alkylene;
[0296] A is selected from the group consisting of --O--, --C(O)--,
--S(O).sub.0-2--, --CH.sub.2--, and --N(-Q-R.sub.4)--;
[0297] A' is selected from the group consisting of --O--,
--S(O).sub.0-2--, --N(-Q-R.sub.4)--, and --CH.sub.2--;
[0298] Q is selected from the group consisting of a bond,
--C(R.sub.6)--, --C(R.sub.6)--C(R.sub.6)--, --S(O).sub.2--,
--C(R.sub.6)--N(R.sub.8)--W--, --S(O).sub.2--N(R.sub.8)--,
--C(R.sub.6)--O--, --C(R.sub.6)--S--, and
--C(R.sub.6)--N(OR.sub.9)--;
[0299] V is selected from the group consisting of --C(R.sub.6)--,
--O--C(R.sub.6)--, --N(R.sub.8)--C(R.sub.6)--, and
--S(O).sub.2--;
[0300] W is selected from the group consisting of a bond, --C(O)--,
and --S(O).sub.2--; and
[0301] a and b are independently integers from 1 to 6 with the
proviso that a+b is .ltoreq.7;
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0302] In another embodiment, the present invention provides a
compound of Formula IV:
##STR00017##
wherein:
[0303] Z is selected from the group consisting of: [0304]
--C(.dbd.N--O--R.sub.2-2)-- and [0305]
--C(R.sub.2-4)(--N(--OR.sub.2-2)--Y--R.sub.2-3)--;
[0306] X is selected from the group consisting of a bond, C.sub.1-4
alkylene and C.sub.2-4 alkenylene;
[0307] R.sub.2-1, R.sub.2-2, and R.sub.2-3 are independently
selected from the group consisting of: [0308] hydrogen, [0309]
alkyl, [0310] alkenyl, [0311] aryl, [0312] arylalkylenyl, [0313]
heteroaryl, [0314] heteroarylalkylenyl, [0315] heterocyclyl, [0316]
heterocyclylalkylenyl, and
[0317] alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, arylalkylenyl, heteroaryl,
heteroarylalkylenyl, heterocyclyl, and heterocyclylalkylenyl,
substituted by one or more substituents selected from the group
consisting of: [0318] hydroxy, [0319] alkyl, [0320] haloalkyl,
[0321] hydroxyalkyl, [0322] alkoxy, [0323] dialkylamino, [0324]
--S(O).sub.0-2--R.sub.2-5, [0325] --NH--S(O).sub.2--R.sub.2-5,
[0326] haloalkoxy, [0327] halogen, [0328] cyano, [0329] nitro,
[0330] --N.sub.3, [0331] aryl, [0332] heteroaryl, [0333]
heterocyclyl, [0334] aryloxy, [0335] arylalkyleneoxy, [0336]
--C(O)--O-alkyl, [0337] --C(O)--N(R.sub.8).sub.2, [0338]
--N(R.sub.8)--C(O)--R.sub.2-5, [0339] --NH--C(O)--NH--R.sub.2-5,
[0340] NH--C(O)--NH.sub.2 [0341] --O--(CO)-alkyl, and [0342]
--C(O)-alkyl; [0343] with the proviso that R.sub.2-2 is other than
alkenyl wherein the carbon atom bonded to --O-- is doubly bonded to
another carbon atom;
[0344] R.sub.2-4 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen,
C.sub.1-4alkyl, and phenyl;
[0345] R.sub.2-5 is selected from the group consisting of alkyl,
aryl, arylalkylenyl, heteroaryl, and heteroarylalkylenyl, each of
which is unsubstituted or substituted by one or more substituents
selected from the group consisting of halogen, cyano, nitro,
alkoxy, dialkylamino, alkylthio, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, alkyl, and
--N.sub.3;
[0346] Y is selected from the group consisting of: [0347] a bond,
[0348] --C(R.sub.6)--, [0349] --S(O).sub.2--, [0350]
--S(O).sub.2--N(R.sub.8)--,
[0350] ##STR00018## [0351] --C(O)--O--, [0352]
--C(R.sub.6)--N(R.sub.8)--, [0353]
--C(O)--N(R.sub.8)--S(O).sub.2--, [0354]
--C(R.sub.6)--N(R.sub.8)--C(O)--,
[0354] ##STR00019## [0355] --C(O)--C(O)--, [0356]
--C(O)--C(O)--O--, and [0357] --C(.dbd.NH)--N(R.sub.8)--;
[0358] R is selected from the group consisting of: [0359] halogen,
[0360] hydroxy, [0361] alkyl, [0362] alkenyl, [0363] haloalkyl,
[0364] alkoxy, [0365] alkylthio, and [0366] --N(R.sub.9).sub.2;
[0367] n is an integer from 0 to 4;
[0368] R.sub.1 is selected from the group consisting of: [0369]
--R.sub.4, [0370] --X'--R.sub.4, [0371] --X'Y'--R.sub.4, [0372]
--X'Y'--X'--Y'--R.sub.4, and [0373] --X'--R.sub.5;
[0374] X' is selected from the group consisting of alkylene,
alkenylene, alkynylene, arylene, heteroarylene, and
heterocyclylene, wherein the alkylene, alkenylene, and alkynylene
groups can be optionally interrupted or terminated by arylene,
heteroarylene or heterocyclylene and optionally interrupted by one
or more --O-- groups;
[0375] Y' is selected from the group consisting of: [0376] --O--,
[0377] --S(O).sub.0-2--, [0378] --S(O).sub.2--N(R.sub.8)--, [0379]
--C(R.sub.6)--, [0380] --C(R.sub.6)--O--, [0381] --O--C(R.sub.6)--,
[0382] --O--C(O)--O--, [0383] --N(R.sub.8)-Q-, [0384]
--C(R.sub.6)--N(R.sub.8)--, [0385] --O--C(R.sub.6)--N(R.sub.8)--,
[0386] --C(R.sub.6)--N(OR.sub.9)--, [0387] --O--N(R.sub.8)-Q-,
[0388] --O--N.dbd.C(R.sub.4)--, [0389] --C(.dbd.N--O--R.sub.8)--,
[0390] --CH(--N(--O--R.sub.8)-Q-R.sub.4)--,
##STR00020##
[0391] R.sub.4 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen,
alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, arylalkylenyl, aryloxyalkylenyl,
alkylarylenyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkylenyl,
heteroaryloxyalkylenyl, alkylheteroarylenyl, and heterocyclyl,
wherein the alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, arylalkylenyl,
aryloxyalkylenyl, alkylarylenyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkylenyl,
heteroaryloxyalkylenyl, alkylheteroarylenyl, and heterocyclyl
groups can be unsubstituted or substituted by one or more
substituents independently selected from the group consisting of
alkyl, alkoxy, hydroxyalkyl, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, halogen, nitro,
hydroxy, mercapto, cyano, aryl, aryloxy, arylalkyleneoxy,
heteroaryl, heteroaryloxy, heteroarylalkyleneoxy, heterocyclyl,
amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, (dialkylamino)alkyleneoxy, and in
the case of alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, and heterocyclyl, oxo;
[0392] R.sub.5 is selected from the group consisting of:
##STR00021##
[0393] R.sub.6 is selected from the group consisting of .dbd.O and
.dbd.S;
[0394] R.sub.7 is C.sub.2-7 alkylene;
[0395] R.sub.8 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen,
C.sub.1-10 alkyl, C.sub.2-10 alkenyl, C.sub.1-10 alkoxy-C.sub.1-10
alkylenyl, hydroxy-C.sub.1-10 alkylenyl, heteroaryl-C.sub.10
alkylenyl, and aryl-C.sub.1-10 alkylenyl;
[0396] R.sub.9 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen
and alkyl;
[0397] R.sub.10 is C.sub.3-8 alkylene;
[0398] A is selected from the group consisting of --O--, --C(O)--,
--S(O).sub.0-2--, --CH.sub.2--, and --N(-Q-R.sub.4)--;
[0399] A' is selected from the group consisting of --O--,
--S(O).sub.0-2--, --N(-Q-R.sub.4)--, and --CH.sub.2--;
[0400] Q is selected from the group consisting of a bond,
--C(R.sub.6)--, --C(R.sub.6)--C(R.sub.6)--, --S(O).sub.2--,
--C(R.sub.6)--N(R.sub.8)--W--, --S(O).sub.2--N(R.sub.8)--,
--C(R.sub.6)--O--, --C(R.sub.6)--S--, and
--C(R.sub.6)--N(OR.sub.9)--;
[0401] V is selected from the group consisting of --C(R.sub.6)--,
--O--C(R.sub.6)--, --N(R.sub.8)--C(R.sub.6)--, and
--S(O).sub.2--;
[0402] W is selected from the group consisting of a bond, --C(O)--,
and --S(O).sub.2--; and
[0403] a and b are independently integers from 1 to 6 with the
proviso that a+b is .ltoreq.7;
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0404] In another embodiment, the present invention provides a
compound of Formula V:
##STR00022##
wherein:
[0405] Z is selected from the group consisting of: [0406]
--C(.dbd.N--O--R.sub.2-2)-- and [0407]
--C(R.sub.2-4)(--N(--OR.sub.2-2)--Y--R.sub.2-3)--;
[0408] X is selected from the group consisting of a bond, C.sub.1-4
alkylene and C.sub.2-4 alkenylene;
[0409] R.sub.2-1, R.sub.2-2, and R.sub.2-3 are independently
selected from the group consisting of: [0410] hydrogen, [0411]
alkyl, [0412] alkenyl, [0413] aryl, [0414] arylalkylenyl, [0415]
heteroaryl, [0416] heteroarylalkylenyl, [0417] heterocyclyl, [0418]
heterocyclylalkylenyl, and
[0419] alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, arylalkylenyl, heteroaryl,
heteroarylalkylenyl, heterocyclyl, and heterocyclylalkylenyl,
substituted by one or more substituents selected from the group
consisting of: [0420] hydroxy, [0421] alkyl, [0422] haloalkyl,
[0423] hydroxyalkyl, [0424] alkoxy, [0425] dialkylamino, [0426]
--S(O).sub.0-2--R.sub.2-5, [0427] --NH--S(O).sub.2--R.sub.25,
[0428] haloalkoxy, [0429] halogen, [0430] cyano, [0431] nitro,
[0432] --N.sub.3, [0433] aryl, [0434] heteroaryl, [0435]
heterocyclyl, [0436] aryloxy, [0437] arylalkyleneoxy, [0438]
--C(O)--O-alkyl, [0439] --C(O)--N(R.sub.8).sub.2, [0440]
--N(R.sub.8)--C(O)--R.sub.2-5, [0441] --NH--C(O)--NH--R.sub.2-5,
[0442] --NH--C(O)--NH.sub.2 [0443] O--(CO)-alkyl, and [0444]
--C(O)-alkyl; [0445] with the proviso that R.sub.2-2 is other than
alkenyl wherein the carbon atom bonded to --O-- is doubly bonded to
another carbon atom;
[0446] R.sub.2-4 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen,
C.sub.1-4alkyl, and phenyl;
[0447] R.sub.2-5 is selected from the group consisting of alkyl,
aryl, arylalkylenyl, heteroaryl, and heteroarylalkylenyl, each of
which is unsubstituted or substituted by one or more substituents
selected from the group consisting of halogen, cyano, nitro,
alkoxy, dialkylamino, alkylthio, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, alkyl, and
--N.sub.3;
[0448] Y is selected from the group consisting of: [0449] a bond,
[0450] --S(O).sub.2--, [0451] --S(O).sub.2--N(R.sub.8)--,
[0451] ##STR00023## [0452] --C(O)--O--, [0453]
--C(R.sub.6)--N(R.sub.8)--, [0454]
--C(O)--N(R.sub.8)--S(O).sub.2--, [0455]
--C(R.sub.6)--N(R.sub.8)--C(O)--,
[0455] ##STR00024## [0456] --C(O)--C(O)--, [0457]
--C(O)--C(O)--O--, and [0458] --C(.dbd.NH)--N(R.sub.8)--,
[0459] R is selected from the group consisting of: [0460] halogen,
[0461] hydroxy, [0462] alkyl, [0463] alkenyl, [0464] haloalkyl,
[0465] alkoxy, [0466] alkylthio, and [0467] --N(R.sub.9).sub.2;
[0468] p is an integer from 0 to 3;
[0469] R.sub.1 is selected from the group consisting of: [0470]
--R.sub.4, [0471] --X'--R.sub.4, [0472] --X'--Y'--R.sub.4, [0473]
--X'--Y'--X'--Y'--R.sub.4, and [0474] --X'--R.sub.5;
[0475] R.sub.3 is selected from the group consisting of: [0476]
-Z'-R.sub.4, [0477] -Z'-X'--R.sub.4, [0478]
-Z'-X'--Y'--X'--Y'--R.sub.4, and [0479] -Z'-X'--R.sub.5;
[0480] m is 0 or 1, with the proviso that when m is 1 then p is 0
or 1;
[0481] X' is selected from the group consisting of alkylene,
alkenylene, alkynylene, arylene, heteroarylene, and
heterocyclylene, wherein the alkylene, alkenylene, and alkynylene
groups can be optionally interrupted or terminated by arylene,
heteroarylene or heterocyclylene and optionally interrupted by one
or more --O-- groups;
[0482] Y' is selected from the group consisting of: [0483] --O--,
[0484] --S(O).sub.0-2--, [0485] --S(O).sub.2--N(R.sub.8)--, [0486]
--C(R.sub.6)--, [0487] --C(R.sub.6)--O--, [0488] --O--C(R.sub.6)--,
[0489] --O--C(O)--O--, [0490] --N(R.sub.8)-Q-, [0491]
--C(R.sub.6)--N(R.sub.8)--, [0492] --O--C(R.sub.6)--N(R.sub.8)--,
[0493] C(R.sub.6)--N(OR.sub.9)--, [0494] --O--N(R.sub.8)-Q-, [0495]
--O--N.dbd.C(R.sub.4)--, [0496] --C(.dbd.N--O--R.sub.8)--, [0497]
--CH(--N(--O--R.sub.8)-Q-R.sub.4)--,
##STR00025##
[0498] Z' is a bond or --O--;
[0499] R.sub.4 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen,
alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, arylalkylenyl, aryloxyalkylenyl,
alkylaryl-enyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkylenyl,
heteroaryloxyalkylenyl, alkylheteroarylenyl, and heterocyclyl,
wherein the alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, arylalkylenyl,
aryloxyalkylenyl, alkylarylenyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkylenyl,
heteroaryloxyalkylenyl, alkylheteroarylenyl, and heterocyclyl
groups can be unsubstituted or substituted by one or more
substituents independently selected from the group consisting of
alkyl, alkoxy, hydroxyalkyl, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, halogen, nitro,
hydroxy, mercapto, cyano, aryl, aryloxy, arylalkyleneoxy,
heteroaryl, heteroaryloxy, heteroarylalkyleneoxy, heterocyclyl,
amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, (dialkylamino)alkyleneoxy, and in
the case of alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, and heterocyclyl, oxo;
[0500] R.sub.5 is selected from the group consisting of:
##STR00026##
[0501] R.sub.6 is selected from the group consisting of .dbd.O and
.dbd.S;
[0502] R.sub.7 is C.sub.2-7 alkylene;
[0503] R.sub.8 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen,
C.sub.1-10 allyl, C.sub.2-10 alkenyl, Cl.sub.1-10 alkoxy-C.sub.1-10
alkylenyl, hydroxy-C.sub.1-10 alkylenyl, heteroaryl-C.sub.1-10
alkylenyl, and aryl-C.sub.1-10 alkylenyl;
[0504] R.sub.9 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen
and alkyl;
[0505] R.sub.10 is C.sub.3-8 alkylene;
[0506] A is selected from the group consisting of --O--, --C(O)--,
--S(O).sub.0-2--, --CH.sub.2--, and --N(-Q-R.sub.4)--;
[0507] A' is selected from the group consisting of --O--,
--S(O).sub.0-2--, --N(-Q-R.sub.4)--, and --CH.sub.2--;
[0508] Q is selected from the group consisting of a bond,
--C(R.sub.6)--, --C(R.sub.6)--C(R.sub.6)--, --S(O).sub.2--,
--C(R.sub.6)--N(R.sub.8)--W--, --S(O).sub.2--N(R.sub.8)--,
--C(R.sub.6)--O--, --C(R.sub.6)--S--, and
--C(R.sub.6)--N(OR.sub.9)--;
[0509] V is selected from the group consisting of --C(R.sub.6)--,
--O--C(R.sub.6)--, --N(R.sub.8)--C(R.sub.6)--, and
--S(O).sub.2--;
[0510] W is selected from the group consisting of a bond, --C(O)--,
and --S(O).sub.2--; and
[0511] a and b are independently integers from 1 to 6 with the
proviso that a+b is .ltoreq.7;
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0512] In another embodiment, the present invention provides a
compound of Formula VI:
##STR00027##
wherein:
[0513] Z is selected from the group consisting of: [0514]
--C(.dbd.N--O--R.sub.2-2)-- and [0515]
C(R.sub.2-4)(--N(--OR.sub.2-2)--Y--R.sub.2-3)--;
[0516] X is selected from the group consisting of a bond, C.sub.1-4
allylene and C.sub.2-4 alkenylene;
[0517] R.sub.2-1, R.sub.2-2, and R.sub.2-3 are independently
selected from the group consisting of: [0518] hydrogen, [0519]
alkyl, [0520] alkenyl, [0521] aryl, [0522] arylalkylenyl, [0523]
heteroaryl, [0524] heteroarylalkylenyl, [0525] heterocyclyl, [0526]
heterocyclylalkylenyl, and
[0527] alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, arylalkylenyl, heteroaryl,
heteroarylalkylenyl, heterocyclyl, and heterocyclylalkylenyl,
substituted by one or more substituents selected from the group
consisting of: [0528] hydroxy, [0529] alkyl, [0530] haloalkyl,
[0531] hydroxyalkyl, [0532] alkoxy, [0533] dialkylamino, [0534]
--S(O).sub.0-2--R.sub.2-5, [0535] --NH--S(O).sub.2--R.sub.2-5,
[0536] haloalkoxy, [0537] halogen, [0538] cyano, [0539] nitro,
[0540] --N.sub.3, [0541] aryl, [0542] heteroaryl, [0543]
heterocyclyl, [0544] aryloxy, [0545] arylalkyleneoxy, [0546]
--C(O)--O-alkyl, [0547] --C(O)--N(R.sub.8).sub.2, [0548]
--N(R.sub.8)--C(O)--R.sub.2-5, [0549] --NH--C(O)--NH--R.sub.2-5,
[0550] --NH--C(O)--NH.sub.2 [0551] --O--(CO)-alkyl, and [0552]
--C(O)-alkyl; [0553] with the proviso that R.sub.2-2 is other than
alkenyl wherein the carbon atom bonded to --O-- is doubly bonded to
another carbon atom;
[0554] R.sub.2-4 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen,
C.sub.1-4alkyl, and phenyl;
[0555] R.sub.2-5 is selected from the group consisting of alkyl,
aryl, arylalkylenyl, heteroaryl, and heteroarylalkylenyl, each of
which is unsubstituted or substituted by one or more substituents
selected from the group consisting of halogen, cyano, nitro,
alkoxy, dialkylamino, alkylthio, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, alkyl, and
--N.sub.3;
[0556] Y is selected from the group consisting of: [0557] a bond,
[0558] --C(R)--, [0559] --S(O).sub.2--, [0560]
--S(O).sub.2--N(R.sub.8)--,
[0560] ##STR00028## [0561] --C(O)--O--, [0562]
--C(R.sub.6)--N(R.sub.8)--, [0563]
--C(O)--N(R.sub.8)--S(O).sub.2--, [0564]
--C(R.sub.6)--N(R.sub.8)--C(O)--,
[0564] ##STR00029## [0565] --C(O)--C(O)--, [0566]
--C(O)--C(O)--O--, and [0567] C(.dbd.NH)--N(R.sub.8)--;
[0568] R is selected from the group consisting of: [0569] halogen,
[0570] hydroxy, [0571] alkyl, [0572] alkenyl, [0573] haloalkyl,
[0574] alkoxy, [0575] alkylthio, and [0576] --N(R.sub.9).sub.2;
[0577] p is an integer from 0 to 3;
[0578] R.sub.1 is selected from the group consisting of: [0579]
--R.sub.4, [0580] --X'--R.sub.4, [0581] --X'--Y'--R.sub.4, [0582]
--X'--Y'--X'--Y'--R.sub.4, and [0583] --X'--R.sub.5;
[0584] X' is selected from the group consisting of alkylene,
alkenylene, alkynylene, arylene, heteroarylene, and
heterocyclylene, wherein the alkylene, alkenylene, and alkynylene
groups can be optionally interrupted or terminated by arylene,
heteroarylene or heterocyclylene and optionally interrupted by one
or more --O-- groups;
[0585] Y' is selected from the group consisting of: [0586] --O--,
[0587] --S(O).sub.0-2--, [0588] --S(O).sub.2--N(R.sub.8)--, [0589]
--C(R.sub.6)--, [0590] --C(R.sub.6)--O--, [0591] --O--C(R.sub.6)--,
[0592] --O--C(O)--O--, [0593] --N(R.sub.8)-Q-, [0594]
--C(R.sub.6)--N(R.sub.8)--, [0595] --O--C(R.sub.6)--N(R.sub.8)--,
[0596] C(R.sub.6)--N(OR.sub.9)--, [0597] --O--N(R.sub.8)-Q-, [0598]
--O--N.dbd.C(R.sub.4)--, [0599] --C(.dbd.N--O--R.sub.8)--, [0600]
--CH(--N(--O--R.sub.8)-Q-R.sub.4)--,
##STR00030##
[0601] R.sub.4 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen,
alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, arylalkylenyl, aryloxyalkylenyl,
alkylarylenyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkylenyl,
heteroaryloxyalkylenyl, alkylheteroarylenyl, and heterocyclyl,
wherein the alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, arylalkylenyl,
aryloxyalkylenyl, alkylarylenyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkylenyl,
heteroaryloxyalkylenyl, alkylheteroarylenyl, and heterocyclyl
groups can be unsubstituted or substituted by one or more
substituents independently selected from the group consisting of
alkyl, alkoxy, hydroxyalkyl, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, halogen, nitro,
hydroxy, mercapto, cyano, aryl, aryloxy, arylalkyleneoxy,
heteroaryl, heteroaryloxy, heteroarylalkyleneoxy, heterocyclyl,
amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, (dialkylamino)alkyleneoxy, and in
the case of alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, and heterocyclyl, oxo;
[0602] R.sub.5 is selected from the group consisting of:
##STR00031##
[0603] R.sub.6 is selected from the group consisting of .dbd.O and
.dbd.S;
[0604] R.sub.7 is C.sub.2-7 alkylene;
[0605] R.sub.8 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen,
C.sub.1-10 alkyl, C.sub.2-10 alkenyl, C.sub.1-10 alkoxy-C.sub.1-10
alkylenyl, hydroxy-C.sub.1-10 alkylenyl, heteroaryl-C.sub.1-10
alkylenyl, and aryl-C.sub.1-10 alkylenyl;
[0606] R.sub.9 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen
and alkyl;
[0607] R.sub.10 is C.sub.3-8 alkylene;
[0608] A is selected from the group consisting of --O--, --C(O)--,
--S(O).sub.0-2--, --CH.sub.2--, and --N(-Q-R.sub.4)--;
[0609] A' is selected from the group consisting of --O--,
--S(O).sub.0-2--, --N(-Q-R.sub.4)--, and --CH.sub.2--;
[0610] Q is selected from the group consisting of a bond,
--C(R.sub.6)--, --C(R.sub.6)--C(R.sub.6)--, --S(O).sub.2--,
--C(R.sub.6)--N(R.sub.8)--W--, --S(O).sub.2--N(R.sub.8)--,
--C(R.sub.6)--O--, --C(R.sub.6)--S--, and
--C(R.sub.6)--N(OR.sub.9)--;
[0611] V is selected from the group consisting of --C(R.sub.6)--,
--O--C(R.sub.6)--, --N(R.sub.8)--C(R.sub.6)--, and
--S(O).sub.2--;
[0612] W is selected from the group consisting of a bond, --C(O)--,
and --S(O).sub.2--; and
[0613] a and b are independently integers from 1 to 6 with the
proviso that a+b is .ltoreq.7;
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0614] In another embodiment, the present invention provides a
compound of Formula VII, which is a prodrug:
##STR00032##
wherein:
[0615] G is selected from the group consisting of: [0616]
C(O)--R'', [0617] .alpha.-aminoacyl, [0618]
.alpha.-aminoacyl-.alpha.-aminoacyl, [0619] --C(O)--O--R'', [0620]
--C(O)--N(R'''')R'', [0621] --C(.dbd.NY.sub.1)--R'', [0622]
--CH(OH)--C(O)--OY.sub.1, [0623] --CH(OC.sub.1-4 alkyl)Y.sub.0,
[0624] --CH.sub.2Y.sub.2, and [0625] --CH(CH.sub.3)Y.sub.2;
[0626] R'' and R'''' are independently selected from the group
consisting of C.sub.1-10 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, phenyl, and
benzyl, each of which may be unsubstituted or substituted by one or
more substituents independently selected from the group consisting
of halogen, hydroxy, nitro, cyano, carboxy, C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
C.sub.1-4 alkoxy, aryl, heteroaryl, aryl-C.sub.1-4 alkylenyl,
heteroaryl-C.sub.1-4 alkylenyl, halo-CIA alkylenyl, halo-C.sub.1-4
alkoxy, --O--C(O)--CH.sub.3, --C(O)--O--CH.sub.3, --C(O)--NH.sub.2,
--O--CH.sub.2--C(O)--NH.sub.2, --NH.sub.2, and --S(O--NH.sub.2,
with the proviso that R'''' can also be hydrogen;
[0627] .alpha.-aminoacyl is an .alpha.-aminoacyl group derived from
an .alpha.-amino acid selected from the group consisting of
racemic, D-, and L-amino acids;
[0628] Y.sub.1 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen,
C.sub.1-6 alkyl, and benzyl;
[0629] Y.sub.0 is selected from the group consisting of C.sub.1-6
alkyl, carboxy-C.sub.1-6 alkylenyl, amino-C.sub.1-4 alkylenyl,
mono-N--C.sub.1-6 alkylamino-C.sub.1-4 alkylenyl, and
di-N,N--C.sub.1-6 alkylamino-C.sub.1-4 alkylenyl;
[0630] Y.sub.2 is selected from the group consisting of
mono-N--C.sub.1-6 alkylamino, di-N,N--C.sub.1-6 alkylamino,
morpholin-4-yl, piperidin-1-yl, pyrrolidin-1-yl, and 4-C 4
alkylpiperazin-1-yl;
[0631] R.sub.A2 and R.sub.B2 are each independently selected from
the group consisting of: [0632] hydrogen, [0633] halogen, [0634]
alkyl, [0635] alkenyl, [0636] alkoxy, [0637] alkylthio, and [0638]
--N(R.sub.9).sub.2;
[0639] or when taken together, R.sub.A2 and R.sub.B2 form a fused
benzene ring or fused pyridine ring wherein the fused benzene ring
or fused pyridine ring is unsubstituted or substituted by one
R.sub.3 group, or one R.sub.3 group and one R group, or one, two,
three, or four R groups when on the fused benzene ring, or one,
two, or three R groups when on the fused pyridine ring;
[0640] or when taken together, R.sub.A2 and R.sub.B2 form a fused
cyclohexene ring or a fused tetrahydropyridine ring, wherein the
fused cyclohexene or tetrahydropyridine ring is unsubstituted or
substituted by one or more R groups; and
[0641] X, Z, R.sub.2-1, R.sub.1, R, and R.sub.3 are defined as in
Formula III above;
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0642] In one embodiment, the present invention provides an
intermediate compound of Formula VIII:
##STR00033##
wherein X, Z, R.sub.2-1, R.sub.1, R, and n are defined as in
Formula III above; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt
thereof.
[0643] In one embodiment of Formula VIII, R.sub.1 is preferrably
tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-ylmethyl as shown in Formula VIIIa:
##STR00034##
[0644] which compound or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof
has been found to induce cytokine biosynthesis as described herein
for compounds or salts of Formulas I-VII.
[0645] Herein, "non-interfering" means that the ability of the
compound or salt, which includes a non-interfering substituent, to
modulate the biosynthesis of one or more cytokines is not destroyed
by the non-interfering substituent. For certain embodiments, R'''
is a non-interfering substituent. Illustrative non-interfering R'
groups include those described above for R.sub.1. Illustrative
non-interfering R''' groups include those described above for R and
R.sub.3.
[0646] As used herein, the terms "alkyl", "alkenyl", "alkynyl" and
the prefix "alk-" are inclusive of both straight chain and branched
chain groups and of cyclic groups, e.g., cycloalkyl and
cycloalkenyl. Unless otherwise specified, these groups contain from
1 to 20 carbon atoms, with alkenyl groups containing from 2 to 20
carbon atoms, and alkynyl groups containing from 2 to 20 carbon
atoms. In some embodiments, these groups have a total of up to 10
carbon atoms, up to 8 carbon atoms, up to 6 carbon atoms, or up to
4 carbon atoms. Cyclic groups can be monocyclic or polycyclic and
preferably have from 3 to 10 ring carbon atoms. Exemplary cyclic
groups include cyclopropyl, cyclopropylmethyl, cyclobutyl,
cyclobutylmethyl, cyclopentyl, cyclopentylmethyl, cyclohexyl,
cyclohexylmethyl, adamantyl, and substituted and unsubstituted
bornyl, norbornyl, and norbornenyl.
[0647] Unless otherwise specified, "alkylene", "alkenylene", and
"alkynylene" are the divalent forms of the "alkyl", "alkenyl", and
"alkynyl" groups defined above. The terms, "alkylenyl",
"alkenylenyl", and "alkynylenyl" are use when "alkylene",
"alkenylene", and "alkynylene", respectively, are substituted. For
example, an arylalkylenyl group comprises an alkylene moiety to
which an aryl group is attached.
[0648] The term "haloalkyl" is inclusive of groups that are
substituted by one or more halogen atoms, including perfluorinated
groups. This is also true of other groups that include the prefix
"halo-." Examples of suitable haloalkyl groups are chloromethyl,
trifluoromethyl, and the like.
[0649] The term "aryl" as used herein includes carbocyclic aromatic
rings or ring systems. Examples of aryl groups include phenyl,
naphthyl, biphenyl, fluorenyl and indenyl.
[0650] Unless otherwise indicated, the term "heteroatom" refers to
the atoms O, S, or N.
[0651] The term "heteroaryl" includes aromatic rings or ring
systems that contain at least one ring heteroatom (e.g., O, S, N).
In some embodiments, the term "heteroaryl" includes a ring or ring
system that contains 2-12 carbon atoms, 1-3 rings, 1-4 heteroatoms,
and O, S, and N as the heteroatoms. Exemplary heteroaryl groups
include furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl,
indolyl, isoindolyl, triazolyl, pyrrolyl, tetrazolyl, imidazolyl,
pyrazolyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl, benzofuranyl, benzothiophenyl,
carbazolyl, benzoxazolyl, pyrimidinyl, benzimidazolyl,
quinoxalinyl, benzothiazolyl, naphthyridinyl, isoxazolyl,
isothiazolyl, purinyl, quinazolinyl, pyrazinyl, 1-oxidopyridyl,
pyridazinyl, triazinyl, tetrazinyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, and
so on.
[0652] The term "heterocyclyl" includes non-aromatic rings or ring
systems that contain at least one ring heteroatom (e.g., O, S, N)
and includes all of the fully saturated and partially unsaturated
derivatives of the above mentioned heteroaryl groups. In some
embodiments, the term "heterocyclyl" includes a ring or ring system
that contains 2-12 carbon atoms, 1-3 rings, 1-4 heteroatoms, and O,
S, and N as the heteroatoms. Exemplary heterocyclyl groups include
pyrrolidinyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl,
1,1-dioxothiomorpholinyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, thiazolidinyl,
imidazolidinyl, isothiazolidinyl, tetrahydropyranyl, quinuclidinyl,
homopiperidinyl (azepanyl), 1,4-oxazepanyl, homopiperazinyl
(diazepanyl), 1,3-dioxolanyl, aziridinyl, azetidinyl,
dihydroisoquinolin-(1H)-yl, octahydroisoquinolin-(1H)-yl,
dihydroquinolin-(2H)-yl, octahydroquinolin-(2H)-yl,
dihydro-1H-imidazolyl, 3-azabicyclo[3.2.2]non-3-yl, and the
like.
[0653] The term "heterocyclyl" includes bicyclic and tricyclic
heterocyclic ring systems. Such ring systems include fused and/or
bridged rings and spiro rings. Fused rings can include, in addition
to a saturated or partially saturated ring, an aromatic ring, for
example, a benzene ring. Spiro rings include two rings joined by
one spiro atom and three rings joined by two spiro atoms.
[0654] When "heterocyclyl" contains a nitrogen atom, the point of
attachment of the heterocyclyl group may be the nitrogen atom.
[0655] The terms "arylene", "heteroarylene", and "heterocyclylene"
are the divalent forms of the "aryl", "heteroaryl", and
"heterocyclyl" groups defined above. The terms, "arylenyl",
"heteroarylenyl", and "heterocyclylenyl" are used when "arylene",
"heteroarylene", and "heterocyclylene", respectively, are
substituted. For example, an alkylarylenyl group comprises an
arylene moiety to which an alkyl group is attached.
[0656] When a group (or substituent or variable) is present more
than once in any Formula described herein, each group (or
substituent or variable) is independently selected, whether
explicitly stated or not. For example, for the formula
--N(R.sub.8)--C(O)--N(R.sub.8)-- each R.sub.8 group is
independently selected. In another example, when an R.sub.1 and an
R.sub.3 group both contain an R.sub.4 group, each R.sub.4 group is
independently selected. In a further example, when more than one Y'
group is present and each Y' group contains one or more R.sub.8
groups, then each Y' group is independently selected, and each
R.sub.8 group is independently selected.
[0657] The invention is inclusive of the compounds described herein
in any of their pharmaceutically acceptable forms, including
isomers (e.g., diastereomers and enantiomers), salts, solvates,
polymorphs, prodrugs, and the like. In particular, if a compound is
optically active, the invention specifically includes each of the
compound's enantiomers as well as racemic mixtures of the
enantiomers. It should be understood that the term "compound"
includes any or all of such forms, whether explicitly stated or not
(although at times, "salts" are explicitly stated).
[0658] The term "prodrug" means a compound that can be transformed
in vivo to yield an immune response modifying compound, including
any of the salt, solvated, polymorphic, or isomeric forms described
above. The prodrug, itself, may be an immune response modifying
compound, including any of the salt, solvated, polymorphic, or
isomeric forms described above. The transformation may occur by
various mechanisms, such as through a chemical (e.g., solvolysis or
hydrolysis, for example, in the blood) or enzymatic
biotransformation. A discussion of the use of prodrugs is provided
by T. Higuchi and W. Stella, "Pro-drugs as Novel Delivery Systems,"
Vol. 14 of the A. C. S. Symposium Series, and in Bioreversible
Carriers in Drug Design, ed. Edward B. Roche, American
Pharmaceutical Association and Pergamon Press, 1987.
[0659] For any of the compounds presented herein, each one of the
following variables (e.g., Z, X, Y, Y', R.sub.A1, R.sub.B1, R,
R.sub.1, R.sub.2-1, R.sub.3, Q, G, n, and so on) in any of its
embodiments can be combined with any one or more of the other
variables in any of their embodiments and associated with any one
of the formulas described herein, as would be understood by one of
skill in the art. Each of the resulting combinations of variables
is an embodiment of the present invention.
[0660] For certain embodiments of Formula I, R''' is a
non-interfering substituent.
[0661] For certain embodiments of Formula I, the one or more R'''
groups are one R.sub.3 group, or one R.sub.3 group and one R group,
or one, two, three, or four R groups when on the fused benzene
ring, or one, two, or three R groups when on the fused pyridine
ring; wherein R.sub.3 is selected from the group consisting of
-Z'-R.sub.4, -Z'-X'--R.sub.4, -Z'-X'--Y'--R.sub.4,
-Z'-X'--Y'--X'--Y'--R.sub.4, and -Z'-X'--R.sub.5.
[0662] For certain embodiments of Formula I or VII, R.sub.A and
R.sub.B or R.sub.A2 and R.sub.B2, respectively, are each
independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen,
halogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, and --N(R.sub.9).sub.2.
For certain embodiments, R.sub.A and R.sub.B or R.sub.A2 and
R.sub.B2 are each independently selected from the group consisting
of hydrogen and alkyl. For certain embodiments, R.sub.A and R.sub.B
or R.sub.A2 and R.sub.B2 are both methyl.
[0663] For certain embodiments of Formula I, R.sub.A and R.sub.B
are taken together to form a fused benzene ring wherein the benzene
ring is unsubstituted or substituted by one or more R''' groups. In
certain of these embodiments, the fused benzene ring is substituted
by one or two R''' groups. In certain of these embodiments, the one
or two R''' groups are one R.sub.3 group, or one R.sub.3 group and
one R group. In certain of these embodiments, the fused benzene
ring is unsubstituted.
[0664] For certain embodiments of Formula VII, R.sub.A2 and
R.sub.B2 are taken together to form a fused benzene ring wherein
the benzene ring is unsubstituted or substituted by one R.sub.3
group, or one R.sub.3 group and one R group. In certain of these
embodiments, the fused benzene ring is unsubstituted.
[0665] For certain embodiments of Formula I, R.sub.A and R.sub.B
are taken together to form a fused pyridine ring wherein the
pyridine ring is unsubstituted or substituted by one or more R'''
groups. In certain of these embodiments, the fused pyridine ring is
substituted by one or two R''' groups. In certain of these
embodiments, the one or two R''' groups are one R.sub.3 group, or
one R.sub.3 group and one R group. In certain of these embodiments,
the fused pyridine ring is
##STR00035##
wherein the highlighted bond is the position where the ring is
fused. In certain of these embodiments, the fused pyridine ring is
unsubstituted.
[0666] For certain embodiments of Formula VII, R.sub.A2 and
R.sub.B2 are taken together to form a fused pyridine ring wherein
the pyridine ring is unsubstituted or substituted by one R.sub.3
group, or one R.sub.3 group and one R group. In certain of these
embodiments, the fused pyridine ring is
##STR00036##
wherein the highlighted bond is the position where the ring is
fused. In certain of these embodiments, the fused pyridine ring is
unsubstituted.
[0667] For certain embodiments of Formula I or VII, R.sub.A and
R.sub.B or R.sub.A2 and R.sub.B2, respectively, are taken together
to form a fused cyclohexene ring wherein the fused cyclohexene ring
is unsubstituted or substituted by one or more R groups. The double
bond in the cyclohexene ring is the position where the ring is
fused. In certain of these embodiments, the fused cyclohexene ring
is unsubstituted.
[0668] For certain embodiments of Formula I or VII, R.sub.A and
R.sub.B or R.sub.A2 and R.sub.B2, respectively, are taken together
to form a fused tetrahydropyridine ring, wherein the fused
tetrahydropyridine ring is unsubstituted or substituted by one or
more R groups. The double bond in the tetrahydropyridine ring is
the position where the ring is fused. In certain of these
embodiments, the tetrahydropyridine ring is
##STR00037##
wherein the highlighted bond indicates the position where the ring
is fused. In certain of these embodiments, the fused
tetrahydropyridine ring is unsubstituted.
[0669] For certain embodiments of Formula I, R' is hydrogen or a
non-interfering substituent.
[0670] For certain embodiments of Formula I, R' is a
non-interfering substituent.
[0671] For certain embodiments of Formula I, R' is R.sub.1; wherein
R.sub.1 is selected from the group consisting of --R.sub.4,
--X'--R.sub.4, --X'--Y'--R.sub.4, --X'--Y'--X'--Y'--R.sub.4, and
--X'--R.sub.5.
[0672] For certain embodiments of Formula II, R.sub.A1 and R.sub.B1
are each independently selected from the group consisting of
hydrogen, halogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, and
--N(R.sub.9).sub.2.
[0673] For certain embodiments of Formula II, R.sub.A1 and R.sub.B1
are each independently selected from the group consisting of
hydrogen and alkyl. For certain of these embodiments, R.sub.A1 and
R.sub.B1 are both methyl.
[0674] For certain embodiments of Formulas I, III VI, V, VI, VII,
or VIII, R is halogen or hydroxy.
[0675] For certain embodiments of Formulas III, V, or VIII, R is
bromine.
[0676] For certain embodiments of Formulas III, IV or VIII, n is
0.
[0677] For certain embodiments of Formula V or VI, p is 0.
[0678] For certain embodiments, including any one of the above
embodiments wherein R.sub.3 is present, R.sub.3 is benzyloxy.
[0679] For certain embodiments, including any one of the above
embodiments wherein R.sub.3 is present, except where R.sub.3 is
benzyloxy, R.sub.3 is selected from the group consisting of phenyl,
pyridin-3-yl, pyridin-4-yl, 5-(hydroxymethyl)pyridin-3-yl,
2-ethoxyphenyl, 3-(morpholine-4-carbonyl)phenyl, and
3-(N,N-dimethylaminocarbonyl)phenyl.
[0680] For certain embodiments, including any one of the above
embodiments of Formulas III or V wherein this definition is not
excluded, m is 0.
[0681] For certain embodiments, including any one of the above
embodiments, Z is selected from the group consisting of
--C(.dbd.N--O--R.sub.2-2)-- and
--C(R.sub.2-4)(--N(--OR.sub.2-2)--Y--R.sub.2-3)--.
[0682] For certain embodiments, including any one of the above
embodiments, Z is --C(.dbd.N--O--R.sub.2-2)--.
[0683] For certain embodiments, including any one of the above
embodiments except where Z is --C(--N--O--R.sub.2-2)--, Z is
--C(R.sub.2-4)(--N(--OR.sub.2-2)--Y--R.sub.2-3)--. For certain of
these embodiments, R.sub.2-4 is hydrogen. For certain of these
embodiments, Y is a bond. For certain of these embodiments,
R.sub.2-3 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and
alkyl. Alternatively, Y is selected from the group consisting of
--C(O)--, --S(O).sub.2--, and --C(O)--NH--. For certain of these
embodiments, R.sub.2-3 is alkyl.
[0684] For certain embodiments, including any one of the above
embodiments, R.sub.2-2 is selected from the group consisting of
hydrogen, alkyl, arylalkylenyl, and heteroarylalkylenyl. For
certain of these embodiments, R.sub.2-2 is hydrogen, C.sub.1-4
alkyl, benzyl, or pyridin-2-ylmethyl.
[0685] For certain embodiments, including any one of the above
embodiments, R.sub.2-1 is selected from the group consisting of
hydrogen, alkyl, and aryl. For certain of these embodiments,
R.sub.2-1 is hydrogen, C.sub.1-4 alkyl, or phenyl.
[0686] For certain embodiments, including any one of the above
embodiments, X is a bond or C.sub.1-4 alkylene. For certain of
these embodiments, X is a bond, methylene, or ethylene.
[0687] For certain embodiments, including any one of the above
embodiments wherein R.sub.1 is present, R.sub.1 is selected from
the group consisting of --R.sub.4, --X'--R.sub.4,
--X'--Y'--R.sub.4, --X'--Y'--X'--Y'--R.sub.4, and
--X'--R.sub.5.
[0688] For certain embodiments, including any one of the above
embodiments wherein R.sub.1 is present, R.sub.1 is selected from
the group consisting of alkyl, arylalkylenyl, aryloxyalkylenyl,
hydroxyalkyl, dihydroxyalkyl, alkylsulfonylalkylenyl,
--X'--Y'--R.sub.4, --X'--R.sub.5, and heterocyclylalkylenyl;
wherein the heterocyclyl of the heterocyclylalkylenyl group is
optionally substituted by one or more alkyl groups; wherein X' is
alkylene; Y' is --N(R.sub.8)--C(O)--, --N(R.sub.8)--S(O).sub.2--,
--N(R.sub.8)--C(O)--N(R.sub.8)--, or
##STR00038##
R.sub.4 is alkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl; and R.sub.5 is
##STR00039##
[0689] For certain embodiments, including any one of the above
embodiments, R.sub.1 is selected from the group consisting of
2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl, 2-methylpropyl, propyl, ethyl, methyl,
2,3-dihydroxypropyl, 2-phenoxyethyl,
4-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]butyl,
2-methyl-2-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]propyl,
2-(acetylamino)-2-methylpropyl,
2-{[(isopropylamino)carbonyl]amino}-2-methylpropyl,
4-{[(isopropylamino)carbonyl]amino}butyl,
4-(1,1-dioxidoisothiazolidin-2-yl)butyl,
tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-ylmethyl, and
(2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)methyl. For certain of these
embodiments, R.sub.1 is tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-ylmethyl.
[0690] For certain embodiments, including any one of the above
embodiments, except where this definition is excluded, R.sub.1 is
selected from the group consisting of (1-hydroxycyclobutyl)methyl,
(1-hydroxycyclopentyl)methyl, and (1-hydroxycyclohexyl)methyl. For
certain of these embodiments, R.sub.1 is
(1-hydroxycyclobutyl)methyl.
[0691] For certain embodiments, R is selected from the group
consisting of halogen, hydroxy, alkyl, alkenyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy,
alkylthio, and --N(R.sub.9).sub.2.
[0692] For certain embodiments, R is selected from the group
consisting of alkyl, alkoxy, hydroxy, halogen, and
trifluoromethyl.
[0693] For certain embodiments, R is halogen or hydroxy.
[0694] For certain embodiments, R is bromine.
[0695] For certain embodiments, R.sub.2-1, R.sub.2-2, and R.sub.2-3
are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen,
alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, arylalkylenyl, heteroaryl,
heteroarylalkylenyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylalkylenyl, and
alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, arylalkylenyl, heteroaryl,
heteroarylalkylenyl, heterocyclyl, or heterocyclylalkylenyl,
substituted by one or more substituents selected from the group
consisting of hydroxy, alkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxy,
dialkylamino, --S(O).sub.0-2--R.sub.2-5,
--NH--S(O).sub.2--R.sub.2-5, haloalkoxy, halogen, cyano, nitro,
--N.sub.3, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, aryloxy,
arylalkyleneoxy, --C(O)--O-alkyl, --C(O)--N(R.sub.8).sub.2,
--N(R)--C(O)--R.sub.2-5, --NH--C(O)--NH--R.sub.2-5,
--NH--C(O)--NH.sub.2, --O--(CO)-alkyl, and --C(O)-alkyl; with the
proviso that R.sub.2-2 is other than alkenyl wherein the carbon
atom bonded to --O-- is doubly bonded to another carbon atom;
[0696] For certain embodiments, R.sub.2-1 is selected from the
group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, and aryl.
[0697] For certain embodiments, R.sub.2-1 is hydrogen, C.sub.1-4
alkyl, or phenyl.
[0698] For certain embodiments, R.sub.2-1 is hydrogen.
[0699] For certain embodiments, R.sub.2-2 is selected from the
group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, arylalkylenyl, and
heteroarylalkylenyl.
[0700] For certain embodiments, R.sub.2-2 is hydrogen, C.sub.1-4
alkyl, benzyl, or pyridin-2-ylmethyl.
[0701] For certain embodiments, R.sub.2-2 is C.sub.1-10 alkyl.
[0702] For certain embodiments, R.sub.2-2 is methyl.
[0703] For certain embodiments, R.sub.2-2 is hydrogen.
[0704] For certain embodiments, R.sub.2-3 is selected from the
group consisting of hydrogen and alkyl.
[0705] For certain embodiments, R.sub.2-3 is alkyl.
[0706] For certain embodiments, R.sub.2-3 is hydrogen or
methyl.
[0707] For certain embodiments, R.sub.2-4 is selected from the
group consisting of hydrogen, C.sub.1-4alkyl, and phenyl.
[0708] For certain embodiments, R.sub.2-4 is hydrogen.
[0709] For certain embodiments, R.sub.2-5 is selected from the
group consisting of alkyl, aryl, arylalkylenyl, heteroaryl, and
heteroarylalkylenyl, each of which is unsubstituted or substituted
by one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of
halogen, cyano, nitro, alkoxy, dialkylamino, alkylthio, haloalkyl,
haloalkoxy, alkyl, and --N.sub.3.
[0710] For certain embodiments, R.sub.2-5 is hydrogen or alkyl.
[0711] For certain embodiments, R.sub.2-5 is hydrogen or C.sub.1-4
alkyl.
[0712] For certain embodiments, R.sub.3 is selected from the group
consisting of -Z'-R.sub.4, -Z'-X'--R.sub.4, -Z'-X'--Y'--R.sub.4,
-Z'-X'--Y'--X'--Y'--R.sub.4, and -Z'-X'--R.sub.5.
[0713] For certain embodiments, R.sub.3 is selected from the group
consisting of -Z'-R.sub.4, -Z'-X'--Y'--R.sub.4, and
-Z'-X'--R.sub.5.
[0714] For certain embodiments, R.sub.3 is -Z'-R.sub.4.
[0715] For certain embodiments, R.sub.3 is -Z'-X'--Y'--R.sub.4.
[0716] For certain embodiments, R.sub.3 is -Z'-X'--R.sub.5.
[0717] For certain embodiments, R.sub.3 is selected from the group
consisting of phenyl, pyridin-3-yl, pyridin-4-yl,
5-(hydroxymethyl)pyridin-3-yl, 2-ethoxyphenyl,
3-(morpholine-4-carbonyl)phenyl, and
3-(NAN-dimethylaminocarbonyl)phenyl.
[0718] For certain embodiments, including any of the above
embodiments where R.sub.3 is present, --R.sub.3 is at the
7-position.
[0719] For certain embodiments, R.sub.4 is selected from the group
consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl,
arylalkylenyl, aryloxyalkylenyl, alkylarylenyl, heteroaryl,
heteroarylalkylenyl, heteroaryloxyalkylenyl, alkylheteroarylenyl,
and heterocyclyl wherein the alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl,
arylalkylenyl, aryloxyalkylenyl, alkylarylenyl, heteroaryl,
heteroarylalkylenyl, heteroaryloxyalkylenyl, alkylheteroarylenyl,
and heterocyclyl groups can be unsubstituted or substituted by one
or more substituents independently selected from the group
consisting of alkyl, alkoxy, hydroxyalkyl, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy,
halogen, nitro, hydroxy, mercapto, cyano, aryl, aryloxy,
arylalkyleneoxy, heteroaryl, heteroaryloxy, heteroarylalkyleneoxy,
heterocyclyl, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino,
(dialkylamino)alkyleneoxy, and in the case of alkyl, alkenyl,
alkynyl, and heterocyclyl, oxo.
[0720] For certain embodiments, R.sub.4 is alkyl, aryl, or
heteroaryl.
[0721] For certain embodiments, R.sub.4 is hydrogen or alkyl.
[0722] For certain embodiments, R.sub.4 is C.sub.1-4 alkyl.
[0723] For certain embodiments, R.sub.5 is selected from the group
consisting of:
##STR00040##
[0724] For certain embodiments, R.sub.5 is selected from the group
consisting of:
##STR00041##
[0725] For certain embodiments, R.sub.5 is
##STR00042##
[0726] For certain embodiments, R.sub.5 is
##STR00043##
wherein V is --C(O)--, and A is --O--.
[0727] For certain embodiments, R.sub.6 is selected from the group
consisting of .dbd.O and --S.
[0728] For certain embodiments, R.sub.6 is .dbd.O.
[0729] For certain embodiments, R.sub.7 is C.sub.2-7 alkylene.
[0730] For certain embodiments, R.sub.7 is C.sub.2-4 alkylene.
[0731] For certain embodiments, R.sub.8 is selected from the group
consisting of hydrogen, C.sub.1-10 alkyl, C.sub.2-10 alkenyl,
C.sub.1-10 alkoxy-C.sub.1-10 alkylenyl, hydroxy-C.sub.1-10
alkylenyl, heteroaryl-C.sub.1-10 alkylenyl, and aryl-C.sub.1-10
alkylenyl.
[0732] For certain embodiments, R.sub.8 is selected from the group
consisting of hydrogen, C.sub.1-4 alkyl, and C.sub.1-4
alkoxyC.sub.1-4 alkylenyl.
[0733] For certain embodiments, R.sub.8 is hydrogen or C.sub.1-4
alkyl.
[0734] For certain embodiments, R.sub.8 is hydrogen.
[0735] For certain embodiments, R.sub.9 is selected from the group
consisting of hydrogen and alkyl.
[0736] For certain embodiments, R.sub.10 is C.sub.3-48
alkylene.
[0737] For certain embodiments, R.sub.10 is C.sub.4-4 alkylene.
[0738] For certain embodiments, A is selected from the group
consisting of --O--, --C(O)--, --S(O).sub.0-2--, --CH.sub.2--, and
--N(-Q-R.sub.4)--.
[0739] For certain embodiments, A is --O--, --CH.sub.2--, or
--S(O).sub.2--.
[0740] For certain embodiments, A is --O-- or --S(O).sub.2--.
[0741] For certain embodiments, A is --O--.
[0742] For certain embodiments, A' is selected from the group
consisting of --O--, --S(O).sub.0-2--, --N(-Q-R.sub.4)--, and
--CH.sub.2--.
[0743] In certain embodiments, A' is selected from the group
consisting of --CH.sub.2--, --S(O).sub.2--, and --O--.
[0744] In certain embodiments, A' is --N(-Q-R.sub.4)--.
[0745] In certain embodiments, A' is --CH.sub.2--.
[0746] In certain embodiments, A' is --O--.
[0747] For certain embodiments, including any one of the above
embodiments of Formula VII, G is selected from the group consisting
of --C(O)--R'', .alpha.-aminoacyl,
.alpha.-aminoacyl-.alpha.-aminoacyl, --C(O)--O--R'',
--C(O)--N(R'''')R'', --C(.dbd.NY.sub.1)--R'',
--CH(OH)--C(O)--OY.sub.1, --CH(OC.sub.1-4 alkyl)Y.sub.0,
--CH.sub.2Y.sub.2, and --CH(CH.sub.3)Y.sub.2. For certain of these
embodiments, R'' and R'''' are independently selected from the
group consisting of C.sub.1-10 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, phenyl,
and benzyl, each of which may be unsubstituted or substituted by
one or more substituents independently selected from the group
consisting of halogen, hydroxy, nitro, cyano, carboxy, C.sub.1-6
alkyl, C.sub.1-4 alkoxy, aryl, heteroaryl, aryl-C.sub.1-4
alkylenyl, heteroaryl-C.sub.1-4 alkylenyl, halo-C.sub.1-4
alkylenyl, halo-C.sub.1-4 alkoxy, --O--C(O)--CH.sub.3,
--C(O)--O--CH.sub.3, --C(O)--NH.sub.2,
--O--CH.sub.2--C(O)--NH.sub.2, --NH.sub.2, and
--S(O).sub.2--NH.sub.2, with the proviso that R'''' can also be
hydrogen; .alpha.-aminoacyl is an .alpha.-aminoacyl group derived
from an .alpha.-amino acid selected from the group consisting of
racemic, D-, and L-amino acids; Y.sub.1 is selected from the group
consisting of hydrogen, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, and benzyl; Y.sub.0 is
selected from the group consisting of C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
carboxy-C.sub.1-6 alkylenyl, amino-C.sub.1-4 alkylenyl,
mono-N--C.sub.1-6 alkylamino-CIA alkylenyl, and di-N,N--C.sub.1-6
alkylamino-C.sub.1-4 alkylenyl; and Y.sub.2 is selected from the
group consisting of mono-N--C.sub.1-6 alkylamino, di-N,N--C.sub.1-6
alkylamino, morpholin-4-yl, piperidin-1-yl, pyrrolidin-1-yl, and
4-C.sub.1-4 alkylpiperazin-1-yl.
[0748] For certain embodiments, including any one of the above
embodiments of Formula VII, G is selected from the group consisting
of --C(O)--R'', .alpha.-aminoacyl, and --C(O)--O--R''.
[0749] For certain embodiments, including any one of the above
embodiments of Formula VII, G is selected from the group consisting
of --C(O)--R'', .alpha.-amino-C.sub.2-11 acyl, and --C(O)--O--R''.
.alpha.-Amino-C.sub.2-11 acyl includes .alpha.-amino acids
containing a total of at least 2 carbon atoms and a total of up to
11 carbon atoms, and may also include one or more heteroatoms
selected from the group consisting of O, S, and N. For certain of
these embodiments, R'' contains one to ten carbon atoms.
[0750] For certain embodiments, including any one of the above
embodiments which include an .alpha.-aminoacyl group,
.alpha.-aminoacyl is an .alpha.-aminoacyl group derived from a
naturally occurring .alpha.-amino acid selected from the group
consisting of racemic, D-, and L-amino acids.
[0751] For certain embodiments, including any one of the above
embodiments which include an .alpha.-aminoacyl group,
.alpha.-aminoacyl is an .alpha.-aminoacyl group derived from an
.alpha.-amino acid found in proteins, wherein the .alpha.-amino
acid is selected from the group consisting of racemic, D-, and
L-amino acids.
[0752] In certain embodiments, Q is selected from the group
consisting of a bond, --C(R.sub.6)--, --C(R.sub.6)--C(R.sub.6)--,
--S(O).sub.2--, --C(R.sub.6)--N(R.sub.8)--W--,
--S(O).sub.2--N(R.sub.8)--, --C(R.sub.6)--O--, --C(R.sub.6)--S--,
and --C(R.sub.6)--N(OR.sub.9)--.
[0753] In certain embodiments, Q is selected from the group
consisting of a bond, --C(O)--, --S(O).sub.2--, and
--C(R.sub.6)--N(R.sub.8)--.
[0754] In certain embodiments, Q is --C(O)--.
[0755] In certain embodiments, V is selected from the group
consisting of --C(R.sub.6)--, --O--C(R.sub.6)--,
--N(R.sub.8)--C(R.sub.6)--, and --S(O).sub.2--.
[0756] In certain embodiments, V is selected from the group
consisting of --C(O)-- and --N(R.sub.8)--C(O)--.
[0757] In certain embodiments, V is --C(O)--.
[0758] In certain embodiments, W is selected from the group
consisting of a bond, --C(O)--, and --S(O).sub.2--.
[0759] In certain embodiments, W is a bond.
[0760] For certain embodiments, X is selected from the group
consisting of a bond, C.sub.1-4 alkylene and C.sub.2-4
alkenylene.
[0761] For certain embodiments, X is a bond or C.sub.1-4
alkylene.
[0762] For certain embodiments, X is a bond, methylene, or
ethylene.
[0763] In certain embodiments, X' is selected from the group
consisting of alkylene, alkenylene, alkynylene, arylene,
heteroarylene, and heterocyclylene, wherein the alkylene,
alkenylene, and alkynylene groups can be optionally interrupted or
terminated by arylene, heteroarylene or heterocyclylene and
optionally interrupted by one or more --O-- groups.
[0764] In certain embodiments, X' is alkylene.
[0765] In certain embodiments, X' is phenylene.
[0766] In certain embodiments, Y is selected from the group
consisting of a bond, --C(R.sub.6)--, --S(O).sub.2--,
--S(O).sub.2--N(R.sub.8)--,
##STR00044##
--C(O)--O--, --C(R.sub.6)--N(R.sub.8)--,
--C(O)--N(R.sub.8)--S(O).sub.2--,
--C(R.sub.6)--N(R.sub.8)--C(O)--,
##STR00045##
[0767]--C(O)--C(O)--, --C(O)--C(O)--O--, and
--C(.dbd.NH)--N(R.sub.8)--.
[0768] In certain embodiments, Y is selected from the group
consisting of --C(O)--, --S(O).sub.2--, --S(O).sub.2--N(R.sub.8)--,
--C(O)--O--, and --C(O)--N(R.sub.8)--.
[0769] In certain embodiments, Y is selected from the group
consisting of --C(O)--, --S(O).sub.2--, and --C(O)--N(H)--.
[0770] In certain embodiments, Y is a bond.
[0771] In certain embodiments, Y' is selected from the group
consisting of --O--, --S(O).sub.0-2--, --S(O).sub.2--N(R.sub.8)--,
--C(R.sub.6)--, --C(R.sub.6)--O--, --O--C(R.sub.6)--,
--O--C(O)--O--, --N(R.sub.8)-Q-, --C(R.sub.6)--N(R.sub.8)--,
--O--C(R.sub.6)--N(R.sub.8)--, --C(R.sub.6)--N(OR.sub.9)--,
--O--N(R.sub.8)-Q-, --O--N.dbd.C(R.sub.4)--,
--C(.dbd.N--O--R.sub.8)--, --CH(--N(--O--R.sub.8)-Q-R.sub.4)--,
##STR00046##
[0772] --V--NN--C(R.sub.6)--;
[0773] In certain embodiments, Y' is --N(R.sub.8)--C(O)--,
--N(R.sub.8)--S(O).sub.2--, --N(R.sub.8)--C(O)--N(R.sub.8)--,
or
##STR00047##
[0774] In certain embodiments, Z' is a bond or --O--.
[0775] In certain embodiments, Z' is a bond.
[0776] In certain embodiments, Z' is --O--.
[0777] In certain embodiments, a and b are independently integers
from 1 to 6 with the proviso that a+b is .ltoreq.7.
[0778] In certain embodiments, a and b are each 2.
[0779] In certain embodiments, n is an integer form 0 to 4.
[0780] In certain embodiments, n is 0 or 1.
[0781] In certain embodiments, n is 0.
[0782] In certain embodiments, p is an integer form 0 to 3.
[0783] In certain embodiments, p is 0 or 1.
[0784] In certain embodiments, p is 0.
[0785] In certain embodiments, m is 0 or 1; with the proviso that
when m is 1, then n is 0 or 1.
[0786] In certain embodiments, m is 0 or 1; with the proviso that
when m is 1, then p is 0 or 1.
[0787] In certain embodiments, m is 0.
[0788] In certain embodiments, m is 1.
[0789] For certain embodiments, the present invention provides a
pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective
amount of a compound or salt of any one of the above embodiments of
Formulas I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, and VIIIa, and a
pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
[0790] For certain embodiments, the present invention provides a
method of inducing cytokine biosynthesis in an animal comprising
administering an effective amount of a compound or salt of any one
of the above embodiments of Formulas I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII,
and VIIIa, or a pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective
amount of a compound or salt of any one of the above embodiments of
Formulas I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, and VIIIa to the animal. For
certain of these embodiments, the cytokine is selected from the
group consisting of IFN-.alpha., TNF-.alpha., IL-6, IL-10, and
IL-12. For certain of these embodiments, the cytokine is
IFN-.alpha. or TNF-.alpha.. For certain of these embodiments, the
cytokine is IFN-.alpha..
[0791] For certain embodiments, the present invention provides a
method of treating a viral disease in an animal comprising
administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound or
salt of any one of the above embodiments of Formulas I, II, III,
IV, V, VI, VII, and VIIIa, or a pharmaceutical composition
comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a compound or salt
of any one of the above embodiments of Formulas I, II, III, IV, V,
VI, VII, and VIIIa to the animal.
[0792] For certain embodiments, the present invention provides a
method of treating a neoplastic disease in an animal comprising
administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound or
salt of any one of the above embodiments of Formulas I, II, III,
IV, V, VI, VII, and VIIIa, or a pharmaceutical composition
comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a compound or salt
of any one of the above embodiments of Formulas I, II, III, IV, V,
VI, VII, and VIIIa to the animal.
Preparation of the Compounds
[0793] Compounds of the invention may be synthesized by synthetic
routes that include processes analogous to those well known in the
chemical arts, particularly in light of the description contained
herein. The starting materials are generally available from
commercial sources such as Aldrich Chemicals (Milwaukee, Wis., USA)
or are readily prepared using methods well known to those skilled
in the art (e.g., prepared by methods generally described in Louis
F. Fieser and Mary Fieser, Reagents for Organic Synthesis, v. 1-19,
Wiley, New York, (1967-1999 ed.); Alan R. Katritsky, Otto
Meth-Cohn, Charles W. Rees, Comprehensive Organic Functional Group
Transformations, v. 1-6, Pergamon Press, Oxford, England, (1995);
Barry M. Trost and Ian Fleming, Comprehensive Organic Synthesis, v.
1-8, Pergamon Press, Oxford, England, (1991); or Beilsteins
Handbuch der organischen Chemie, 4, Aufl. Ed. Springer-Verlag,
Berlin, Germany, including supplements (also available via the
Beilstein online database)).
[0794] For illustrative purposes, the reaction schemes depicted
below provide potential routes for synthesizing the compounds of
the present invention as well as key intermediates. For more
detailed description of the individual reaction steps, see the
EXAMPLES section below. Those skilled in the art will appreciate
that other synthetic routes may be used to synthesize the compounds
of the invention. Although specific starting materials and reagents
are depicted in the reaction schemes and discussed below, other
starting materials and reagents can be easily substituted to
provide a variety of derivatives and/or reaction conditions. In
addition, many of the compounds prepared by the methods described
below can be further modified in light of this disclosure using
conventional methods well known to those skilled in the art.
[0795] In the preparation of compounds of the invention it may
sometimes be necessary to protect a particular functionality while
reacting other functional groups on an intermediate. The need for
such protection will vary depending on the nature of the particular
functional group and the conditions of the reaction step. Suitable
amino protecting groups include acetyl, trifluoroacetyl,
tert-butoxycarbonyl (Boc), benzyloxycarbonyl, and
9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc). Suitable hydroxy protecting
groups include acetyl and silyl groups such as the tert-butyl
dimethylsilyl group. For a general description of protecting groups
and their use, see T. W. Greene and P. G. M. Wuts, Protective
Groups in Organic Synthesis, John Wiley & Sons, New York, USA,
1991.
[0796] Conventional methods and techniques of separation and
purification can be used to isolate compounds of the invention, as
well as various intermediates related thereto. Such techniques may
include, for example, all types of chromatography (high performance
liquid chromatography (HPLC), column chromatography using common
absorbents such as silica gel, and thin layer chromatography),
recrystallization, and differential (i.e., liquid-liquid)
extraction techniques.
[0797] Compounds of the invention can be prepared according to
Reaction Scheme I where R, R.sub.1, R.sub.2-2, R.sub.2-3, X, Y, and
n are as defined above, and Hal is chloro, bromo, or iodo. In step
(1) of Reaction Scheme I, a quinoline-3,4-diamine of Formula X is
reacted with a carboxylic acid equivalent, which is selected such
that it will provide the desired --X--CH.sub.2-Hal substituent in a
1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinoline of Formula XI. Suitable carboxylic acid
equivalents include ortho esters, acid halides, and imidates or
salts thereof. Many compounds of Formula X are known and can be
readily prepared using known synthetic routes; see for example,
U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,689,338 (Gerster), 4,929,624 (Gerster et al.),
5,268,376 (Gerster), 5,389,640 (Gerster et al.), 6,331,539 (Crooks
et al.), 6,451,810 (Coleman et al.), 6,541,485 (Crooks et al.),
6,660,747 (Crooks et al.), 6,670,372 (Charles et al.), 6,683,088
(Crooks et al.), 6,656,938 (Crooks et al.), 6,664,264 (Dellaria et
al.), 6,677,349 (Griesgraber); and U.S. Patent Publication
Application No. US 2004/0147543 (Hays et al.).
[0798] When the carboxylic acid equivalent used in step (1) is an
imidate of formula Hal-CH.sub.2--X--C(.dbd.NH)--O-alkyl or a salt
thereof, the reaction is conveniently carried out by combining a
quinoline-3,4-diamine of Formula X with the imidate in a suitable
solvent such 1,2-dichloroethane or chloroform. The reaction can be
carried out at an elevated temperature such as 80.degree. C. or the
reflux temperature of the solvent. The product can be isolated by
conventional methods. Some imidates of formula
Hal-CH.sub.2--X--C(.dbd.NH)--O-alkyl are known; others can be
prepared by known methods. Ethyl chloroacetimidate hydrochloride,
which can be used to provide a compound of Formula XI in which X is
a bond, is a known compound that can be prepared according to the
literature procedure: Stillings, M. R. et al., J. Med. Chem., 29,
pp. 2280-2284 (1986).
[0799] When the carboxylic acid equivalent is an acid halide of
formula Hal-CH.sub.2--X--C(O)Cl or Hal-CH.sub.2--X--C(O)Br, the
reaction is conveniently carried out by adding the acid halide to a
solution of a quinoline-3,4-diamine of Formula X in a suitable
solvent such as dichloromethane or 1,2-dichloroethane in the
presence of a tertiary amine such as triethylamine. The reaction
can be carried out at ambient temperature or at a sub-ambient
temperature. The product can be isolated by conventional
methods.
[0800] The reaction with an acid halide of formula
Hal-CH.sub.2--X--C(O)Cl or Hal-CH.sub.2--X--C(O)Br may be carried
out in two parts, which include (i) adding the acid halide to a
solution of a quinoline-3,4-diamine of Formula X in a suitable
solvent such as dichloromethane or 1,2-dichloroethane optionally in
the presence of a tertiary amine such as triethylamine to afford an
amide intermediate and (ii) cyclizing to provide a
1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinoline of Formula XI. The amide intermediate
from part (i) can be optionally isolated using conventional
techniques. The cyclization in part (ii) may be carried out by
heating the amide intermediate from part (i) in a suitable solvent
such as toluene. The cyclization in part (ii) can also be carried
out in the presence of a base such as triethylamine.
[0801] In step (2) of Reaction Scheme I a
1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinoline of Formula XI is oxidized to provide an
N-oxide of Formula XII using a conventional oxidizing agent that is
capable of forming N-oxides. The reaction can be carried out by
treating a solution of a compound of Formula XI in a suitable
solvent such as chloroform or dichloromethane with
3-chloroperoxybenzoic acid at room temperature, and the product can
be isolated by conventional methods.
[0802] In step (3) of Reaction Scheme I, a
1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinoline-5N-oxide of Formula XII is aminated to
provide a 1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinolin-4-amine of Formula XIII. Step
(3) involves the activation of an N-oxide of Formula XII by
conversion to an ester and then reacting the ester with an
aminating agent. Suitable activating agents include alkyl- or
arylsulfonyl chlorides such as benzenesulfonyl chloride,
methanesulfonyl chloride, or p-toluenesulfonyl chloride. Suitable
aminating agents include ammonia, in the form of ammonium
hydroxide, for example, and ammonium salts such as ammonium
carbonate, ammonium bicarbonate, and ammonium phosphate. The
reaction is conveniently carried out by adding ammonium hydroxide
to a solution of the N-oxide of Formula XII in a suitable solvent
such as dichloromethane or chloroform and then adding
p-toluenesulfonyl chloride. The reaction can be carried out at room
temperature, and the product or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt
thereof can be isolated from the reaction mixture using
conventional methods.
[0803] Alternatively, the oxidation and amination can be carried
out as a one-pot procedure without isolating the N-oxide of Formula
XII by adding 3-chloroperoxybenzoic acid to a solution of a
compound of Formula XI in a solvent such as dichloromethane or
chloroform and then adding ammonium hydroxide and p-toluenesulfonyl
chloride. The product of Formula XIII or a pharmaceutically
acceptable salt thereof can be isolated by conventional methods.
Some compounds of Formula XIII are known, see for example,
International Publication Nos. WO2005/048933 and WO2005/048945.
[0804] In step (4) of Reaction Scheme I, the Hal group of a
1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinolin-4-amine of Formula XIII is displaced with
a hydroxylamine of formula HN(Y--R.sub.2-3)OR.sub.2-2 or a salt
thereof. The reaction is conveniently carried out by combining a
hydroxylamine salt of the formula HN(Y--R.sub.2-3)OR.sub.2-2--HCl
with a compound of Formula XIII in a suitable solvent, such as
N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), in the presence of a base such as
triethylamine. The reaction can be carried out at room temperature
or at an elevated temperature such as 50.degree. C. Some
hydroxylamine salts of the formula HN(Y--R.sub.2-3)OR.sub.22--HCl
can be obtained commercially. For example N,O-dimethylhydroxylamine
hydrochloride, methoxylamine hydrochloride, and
N-methylhydroxylamine hydrochloride are commercially available
compounds that can be used to make preferred compounds of Formula
XIV, wherein Y is a bond. Other hydroxylamine salts of the formula
HN(Y--R.sub.2-3)OR.sub.2-2.HCl can be prepared using conventional
synthetic methods. The product of Formula XIV, a subgenus of
Formulas I and III, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof
can be isolated using conventional methods.
##STR00048##
[0805] Compounds of the invention can be prepared according to
Reaction Scheme II where R, R.sub.1, R.sub.2-1, R.sub.2-2,
R.sub.2-3, X, Y, and n are as defined above, and P is a hydroxy
protecting group. In step (1) of Reaction Scheme II, a compound of
Formula X or a salt thereof is reacted with a carboxylic acid or an
equivalent thereof to provide a compound of Formula XV. Suitable
equivalents to carboxylic acid include acid anhydrides of Formula
O[C(O)--X--CH.sub.2--O--P].sub.2 and acid chlorides of Formula
Cl--C(O)--X--CH.sub.2--O--P. The reaction is conveniently carried
out by using the conditions described in step (1) of Reaction
Scheme I for the reaction with acid chlorides. Some compounds of
Formula Cl--C(O)--X--O--P, such as acetoxyacetyl chloride,
methoxyacetyl chloride, and 2-methoxypropionyl chloride, are
commercially available. Others can be prepared by known synthetic
methods.
[0806] In step (2) of Reaction Scheme II, the protecting group of a
1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinoline of Formula XV is removed to provide a
hydroxyalkyl-substituted 1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinoline of Formula XVI.
The deprotection can be carried out using a variety of methods
depending on which P group is present. When P is --C(O)--CH.sub.3,
the reaction is conveniently carried out by adding lithium
hydroxide monohydrate to a solution or suspension of the compound
of Formula XV in a suitable solvent or solvent system such as
tetrahydrofuran:methanol:water. The reaction can be carried out at
room temperature, and the product can be isolated by conventional
methods.
[0807] In step (3) of Reaction Scheme II, a
hydroxyalkyl-substituted 1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinoline of Formula XVI
is oxidized to an aldehyde-substituted 1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinoline
of Formula XVII using one of many conventional methods. The
oxidation is conveniently carried out by adding Dess-Martin
periodinane,
[1,1,1-tris(acetyloxy)-1,1-dihydro-1,2-benziodoxol-3(1H)-one], to a
solution or suspension of a hydroxyalkyl-substituted
1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinoline of Formula XVI in a suitable solvent
such as dichloromethane. The reaction can be carried out at room
temperature, and the product can be isolated by conventional
methods.
[0808] Alternatively, certain aldehyde-substituted
1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinolines of Formula XVII in which X is a bond
can be prepared from 1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinolines with a hydrogen at
the 2-position, many of which are known; see, for example, U.S.
Pat. Nos. 4,689,338 (Gerster) and 5,268,376 (Gerster). The hydrogen
at the 2-position of a 1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinoline may undergo
lithiation with butyllithium, and subsequent substitution with DMF
provides a compound of Formula XVII in which X is a bond. The
reaction is conveniently carried out in a suitable solvent such as
THF at a subambient temperature such as -78.degree. C. The product
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof can be isolated by
conventional methods.
[0809] In step (4) of Reaction Scheme II, an aldehyde-substituted
1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinoline of Formula XVII is converted to an
aldoxime of Formula XVIII. The reaction is conveniently carried out
by adding a hydroxylamine salt of the formula
NH.sub.2OR.sub.2-2.HCl, optionally in a suitable solvent such as
water, to a solution or suspension of a compound of Formula XVII,
in a suitable solvent, such as ethanol or methanol. Optionally a
base such as aqueous sodium hydroxide can be added. The reaction
can be carried out at room temperature or at an elevated
temperature such as the reflux temperature of the solvent.
Hydroxylamine salts of the formula NH.sub.2OR.sub.2-2.HCl can be
obtained commercially or they can be prepared using conventional
synthetic methods. The product or a pharmaceutically acceptable
salt thereof is obtained as a mixture of E and Z isomers and can be
isolated using conventional methods.
[0810] In steps (5) and (6) of Reaction Scheme II, an
aldoxime-substituted 1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinoline of Formula XVIII is
first oxidized to an N-oxide of Formula XIX, which is then aminated
to provide a compound of Formula XX, which is a subgenus of
Formulas I and III. Steps (5) and (6) of Reaction Scheme II can be
carried out according to the methods described in steps (2) and (3)
of Reaction Scheme I, and the product can be isolated by
conventional methods.
[0811] In step (7) of Reaction Scheme II, an aldoxime-substituted
1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinolin-4-amine of Formula XX is treated with a
Grignard reagent of the formula R.sub.2-1MgHalide to form a
hydroxylamine of Formula XXI, a subgenus of Formulas I and III.
Several Grignard reagents are commercially available; others can be
prepared using known synthetic methods. The reaction is
conveniently carried out by adding a solution of two equivalents of
the Grignard reagent to a solution of the compound of Formula XX in
a suitable solvent such as THF. The reaction can be carried out at
room temperature, and the product can be isolated using
conventional methods. Alternatively, to prepare a compound of
Formula XXI wherein R.sub.2-1 is hydrogen, an oxime of Formula XX
can be treated with a hydride reducing agent. The reduction is
conveniently carried out by treating an oxime of Formula XX with
excess sodium cyanoborohydride in a suitable solvent or solvent
mixture such as methanol/acetic acid. The reaction can be carried
out at ambient temperature. The product or a pharmaceutically
acceptable salt thereof can be isolated using conventional
methods.
[0812] In step (8) of Reaction Scheme II, a hydroxylamine of
Formula XXI is converted to a compound of Formula XXII, a subgenus
of Formulas I and III. Step (8) is carried out using conventional
methods. For example, sulfonamides of Formula XII (Y is
--S(O).sub.2--) can be prepared by reacting a compound of Formula
XXI with a sulfonyl chloride of formula R.sub.2-3S(O).sub.2Cl or a
sulfonic anhydride of Formula [R.sub.2-3S(O).sub.2].sub.2O. The
reaction can be carried out at room temperature in an inert solvent
such as chloroform, dichloromethane, or N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMA)
by adding the sulfonyl chloride or sulfonic anhydride to a compound
of Formula XI in the presence of a base such as
N,N-diisopropylethylamine, triethylamine, or pyridine.
[0813] Sulfamides of Formula XXII (Y is --S(O).sub.2--N(R)-- or
##STR00049##
can be prepared by reacting a compound of Formula XXI with sulfuryl
chloride to generate a sulfamoyl chloride in situ, and then
reacting the sulfamoyl chloride with an amine of formula
HN(R.sub.8)R.sub.2-3, or
##STR00050##
or by reacting a compound of Formula XXI with a sulfamoyl chloride
of formula R.sub.2-3(R.sub.8)NS(O).sub.2Cl or
##STR00051##
The product or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof can be
isolated using conventional methods. Many sulfonyl chlorides of
formula R.sub.2-3S(O).sub.2Cl, amines of formulas
HN(R.sub.8)R.sub.2-3, and
##STR00052##
and some sulfamoyl chlorides of formulas
R.sub.2-3(R.sub.8)NS(O).sub.2Cl and
##STR00053##
are commercially available; others can be prepared using known
synthetic methods.
[0814] Amides of Formula XXII (Y is --C(O)--) can be prepared from
hydroxylamines of Formula XXI using conventional methods. For
example, a compound of Formula XXI can be reacted with an acid
chloride of formula R.sub.2-3C(O)Cl. The reaction can be carried
out by adding the acid chloride to a solution of a compound of
Formula XXI in a suitable solvent such as chloroform or DMA,
optionally in the presence of a base such as
N,N-diisopropylethylamine, triethylamine, or pyridine, at ambient
temperature. The product or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt
thereof can be isolated using conventional methods.
[0815] Ureas and thioureas of Formula XXII (Y is
--C(O)--N(R.sub.8)--, --C(S)--N(R.sub.8)--,
--C(O)--N(R.sub.8)--S(O).sub.2--, --C(O)--N(R.sub.8)--C(O)--,
--C(S)--N(R.sub.8)--C(O)--, or
##STR00054##
can be prepared from hydroxylamines of Formula XXI using
conventional methods. For example, a compound of Formula VI can be
reacted with an isocyanate of formula R.sub.2-3N.dbd.C.dbd.O. The
reaction can be carried out by adding the isocyanate to a solution
of a compound of Formula XXI in a suitable solvent such as
chloroform or DMA, optionally in the presence of a base such as
N,N-diisopropylethylamine, or triethylamine, at room temperature.
Alternatively, a compound of Formula XXI can be reacted with a
thioisocyanate of formula R.sub.2-3N.dbd.C.dbd.S, a sulfonyl
isocyanate of formula R.sub.2-3S(O).sub.2N.dbd.C.dbd.O or a
carbamoyl chloride of formula R.sub.2-3NC(O)Cl or
##STR00055##
The product or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof can be
isolated using conventional methods.
[0816] Reaction Scheme II can be modified after step (3) to
introduce a R.sub.2-4 group that is other than hydrogen. In this
modification, an aldehyde-substituted 1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinoline of
Formula XVII is treated with a Grignard reagent of the formula
R.sub.2-4MgHalide, which adds to the aldehyde to form a secondary
alcohol. Several Grignard reagents are commercially available;
others can be prepared using known synthetic methods. The reaction
is conveniently carried out by adding a solution of the Grignard
reagent to a solution of the compound of Formula XVII in a suitable
solvent such as THF. The reaction can be carried out at room
temperature, and the product can be isolated using conventional
methods. The secondary alcohol is then oxidized to a ketone using
conventional methods. The reaction is conveniently carried out
using Dess-Martin periodinane under the conditions described in
step (3) of Reaction Scheme II. The reaction may also be carried
out under Swern conditions by adding the secondary alcohol followed
by triethylamine to a mixture of oxalyl chloride and
dimethylsulfoxide in a suitable solvent such as dichloromethane.
The reaction can be carried out at a sub-ambient temperature, and
the product can be isolated by conventional methods. Steps (4)
through (8) of Reaction Scheme II can then be carried out to
provide a hydroxylamine of the invention with an R.sub.2-4 group
that is other than hydrogen.
##STR00056##
[0817] Compounds of the invention can be prepared according to
Reaction Scheme III, wherein R, R.sub.1, R.sub.2-1, R.sub.2-2, X,
and n are as defined above. In step (1) of Reaction Scheme III, a
quinoline-3,4-diamine of Formula X is reacted with a
ketal-substituted carboxylic acid or equivalent thereof of the
formula
##STR00057##
wherein D can be --OH, --Cl, Br, or a leaving group prepared using
conventional hydroxy activation chemistry, such as employing
N-hydroxysuccinimide as an activating agent. Ketals of this formula
are readily prepared from esters of formula
alkyl-O--C(O)--X--C(O)--R.sub.2-1 using conventional methods. For
example, the ketone can be converted to a ketal by heating with
ethylene glycol in the presence of pyridinium p-toluenesulfonate in
a suitable solvent such as toluene. The carboxyl group can then be
activated by first hydrolyzing the ester under basic conditions,
for example with sodium hydroxide in water and a lower alcohol, and
then reacting with N-hydroxysuccinimide in the presence of
4-methylmorpholine and
1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride in a
suitable solvent such as dichloromethane. The reaction shown in
step (1) of Reaction Scheme III can be carried out according to the
methods described for reaction with acid chlorides in step (1) of
Reaction Scheme I, or it can be conveniently carried out by heating
a quinoline-3,4-diamine of Formula X with a ketal shown above in a
suitable solvent such as pyridine. The reaction can be run at the
reflux temperature of the solvent, and the product of Formula XXIII
can be isolated by conventional methods.
[0818] In step (2) of Reaction Scheme III, a
1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinoline of Formula XXIII is converted to the
N-oxide of Formula XXIV using the method described in step (2) of
Reaction Scheme I.
[0819] In step (3) of Reaction Scheme III, the N-oxide of Formula
XXIV is aminated to afford the compound of Formula XXV using one of
the methods described in step (3) of Reaction Scheme I.
[0820] In step (4) of Reaction Scheme III, a ketal of Formula XXV
is converted to a ketone of Formula XXVI by acid-catalyzed
hydrolysis. The reaction is conveniently carried out by adding a
strong acid, such as hydrochloric acid, to a ketal of Formula XXV.
The reaction may be carried out at room temperature in a suitable
solvent such as water, and the product can be isolated by
conventional methods.
[0821] In step (5) of Reaction Scheme III, a ketone-substituted
1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinolin-4-amine of Formula XXVI is converted to
an oxime of Formula XXVII. The reaction is conveniently carried out
as described in step (4) of Reaction Scheme II, and the product or
a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof can be isolated by
conventional methods.
##STR00058##
[0822] Any of Reaction Schemes I through III may be carried out
using a [1,5]naphthyridine-3,4-diamine instead of a
quinoline-3,4-diamine of Formula X as the starting material to
prepare 1H-imidazo[4,5-c][1,5]naphthyridines of the invention.
Several [1,5]naphthyridine-3,4-diamines and their preparation are
known; see, for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,194,425 (Gerster) and
6,518,280 (Gerster).
[0823] Compounds of the invention can be prepared according to
Reaction Scheme IV, wherein R.sub.2-1, and Z are as defined above;
X.sub.b is selected from the group consisting of a bond and
C.sub.1-4 alkylene; R.sub.b is selected from the group consisting
of hydroxy, alkyl, alkoxy, --N(R.sub.9).sub.2; n is 0 to 4; and
R.sub.1b is a subset of R.sub.1 as defined above that does not
include those substituents that one skilled in the art would
recognize as being susceptible to reduction under the acidic
hydrogenation conditions of the reaction. These susceptible groups
include, for example, alkenyl, alkynyl, and aryl groups and groups
bearing nitro substituents. Compounds of Formula XXVIII can be
prepared by the oxidation and amination of a compound of Formula
XVI according to steps (2) and (3) of Reaction Scheme I. In step
(1) of Reaction Scheme IV, a compound of Formula XXVIII is reduced
to a 6,7,8,9-tetrahydro compound of Formula XXIX. The reaction is
conveniently carried out under hetereogeneous hydrogenation
conditions by adding platinum (IV) oxide to a solution of the
compound of Formula XXVIII in trifluoroacetic acid and placing the
reaction under hydrogen pressure. The reaction can be carried out
on a Parr apparatus at room temperature. The product or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof can be isolated by
conventional methods. Steps (2) through (6) of Reaction Scheme IV
can then be used to convert a compound of Formula XXIX to a
compound of Formula IVb, a subgenus of Formulas I and IV. Steps (2)
through (6) can be carried out, for example, according to steps
(3), (4), (7), and (8) of Reaction Scheme II. Compounds of Formula
IVb can also be made by treating a compound of Formula XXIX with
thionyl chloride under conventional conditions to provide a
chloroalkyl-substituted 6,7,8,9-tetrahydro compound, which can then
be treated according to step (4) of Reaction Scheme I. The product
of Formula IVb or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof can be
isolated by conventional methods.
6,7,8,9-Tetrahydro-1H-imidazo[4,5-c][1,5]naphthyridin-4-amines can
also be prepared using this Reaction Scheme.
##STR00059##
[0824] Compounds of the invention can be prepared according to
Reaction Scheme V, wherein R, R.sub.1, R.sub.2-1, X, and Z are as
defined above; n is 0 or 1; hal is --Br or --I; and R.sub.3a and
R.sub.3b are as defined below. Compounds of Formula XXX, a subgenus
of Formulas I and III, can be prepared according to the methods
described in Reaction Scheme I, II, or III beginning with a
compound of Formula X, wherein one of the R groups is --Br, or --I.
These halogen-substituted quinolines are known or can be prepared
by known methods; see, for example, U.S. Patent Application
Publication No. US 2004/0147543 (Hays et al.) and the references
cited therein.
[0825] In step (1) of Reaction Scheme V, a halogen-substituted
1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinolin-4-amine of Formula X) can undergo known
palladium-catalyzed coupling reactions such as the Suzuki coupling
and the Heck reaction. For example, a halogen-substituted compound
of Formula XXX undergoes Suzuki coupling with a boronic acid of
Formula R.sub.3a--B(OH).sub.2, an anhydride thereof, or a boronic
acid ester of Formula R.sub.3a--B(O-alkyl).sub.2, wherein R.sub.3a
is --R.sub.4b, --X'.sub.a--R.sub.4, --X'.sub.b--Y'--R.sub.4, or
--X'.sub.b--R.sub.5; where X'.sub.a is alkenylene; X'.sub.b is
arylene, heteroarylene, and alkenylene interrupted or terminated by
arylene or heteroarylene; R.sub.4b is aryl or heteroaryl where the
aryl or heteroaryl groups can be unsubstituted or substituted as
defined in R.sub.4 above; and R.sub.4, R.sub.5, and Y' are as
defined above. The Suzuki coupling is conveniently carried out by
combining a compound of Formula XXX with a boronic acid or an ester
or anhydride thereof in the presence of palladium (II) acetate,
triphenylphosphine, and a base such as sodium carbonate in a
suitable solvent such as n-propanol or solvent mixture such as
n-propanol/water. The reaction can be carried out at an elevated
temperature (e.g., 80-100.degree. C.). Many boronic acids of
Formula R.sub.3a--B(OH).sub.2, anhydrides thereof, and boronic acid
esters of Formula R.sub.3a--B(O-alkyl).sub.2 are commercially
available; others can be readily prepared using known synthetic
methods. See, for example, Li, W. et al, J. Org. Chem., 67,
5394-5397 (2002). The product of Formula IIIb, a subgenus of
Formulas I and III, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof
can be isolated by conventional methods.
[0826] The Heck reaction can also be used in step (1) of Reaction
Scheme V to provide compounds of Formula IIIb, wherein R.sub.3a is
--X'.sub.a--R.sub.4b or --X'.sub.a--Y'--R.sub.4, wherein X'.sub.a,
Y', R.sub.4b, and R.sub.4 are as defined above. The Heck reaction
is carried out by coupling a compound of Formula XXX with a
compound of the Formula H.sub.2C.dbd.C(H)--R.sub.4b or
H.sub.2C.dbd.C(H)--Y'--R.sub.4. Several of these vinyl-substituted
compounds are commercially available; others can be prepared by
known methods. The reaction is conveniently carried out by
combining the compound of Formula XXX and the vinyl-substituted
compound in the presence of palladium (II) acetate,
triphenylphosphine or tri-ortho-tolylphosphine, and a base such as
triethylamine in a suitable solvent such as acetonitrile or
toluene. The reaction can be carried out at an elevated temperature
such as 100.degree. C.-120.degree. C. under an inert atmosphere.
The product of Formula IIIb or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt
thereof can be isolated using conventional methods.
[0827] Compounds of Formula IIIb, wherein R.sub.3a is
--X'.sub.c--R.sub.4, X'.sub.c is alkynylene, and R.sub.4 is as
defined above, can also be prepared by palladium catalyzed coupling
reactions such as the Stille coupling or Sonogashira coupling.
These reactions are carried out by coupling a compound of Formula
XXX with a compound of the Formula
(alkyl).sub.3Sn--C.ident.C--R.sub.4,
(alkyl).sub.3Si--C.ident.C--R.sub.4, or H--C.ident.C--R.sub.4.
[0828] Some compounds of Formula IIIb prepared as described above
by palladium-mediated coupling reactions, wherein R.sub.3a is
--X'.sub.a--R.sub.4, --X'.sub.a--Y'--R.sub.4,
--X'.sub.b2--Y'--R.sub.4, --X'.sub.b2--R.sub.5, or
--X'.sub.c--R.sub.4, where X'.sub.b2 is alkenylene interrupted or
terminated by arylene or heteroarylene, and X'.sub.a, X'.sub.c, Y',
R.sub.4, and R.sub.5 are as defined above, can undergo reduction of
the alkenylene or alkynylene group present in step (2) of Reaction
Scheme V to provide compounds of Formula IIIc wherein R.sub.3b is
--X'.sub.d--R.sub.4, --X'.sub.d--Y'--R.sub.4,
--X'.sub.e--Y'--R.sub.4, or --X'.sub.e--R.sub.5, where X'.sub.d is
alkylene; X'.sub.e is alkylene interrupted or terminated by arylene
or heteroarylene; and R.sub.4, R.sub.5, and Y' are as defined
above. The reduction can be carried out by hydrogenation using a
conventional heterogeneous hydrogenation catalyst such as palladium
on carbon. The reaction can conveniently be carried out on a Parr
apparatus in a suitable solvent such as ethanol, methanol, or
mixtures thereof. The product of Formula IIIc, a subgenus of
Formulas I and III, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof
can be isolated using conventional methods.
##STR00060##
[0829] For some embodiments, compounds of the invention are
prepared according to Reaction Scheme VI, where R.sub.1, R.sub.2-1,
R.sub.2-2, R.sub.A1, R.sub.B1, and X are as defined above, and
Z.sub.a is --C(R.sub.2-4)(--N(--OR.sub.2-2)--Y--R.sub.2-3)-- and Ph
is phenyl. Steps (1) through (4) of Reaction Scheme VI can be
carried out as described in steps (1) through (4) of Reaction
Scheme II starting with a compound of Formula XXI. Many
tetrazolo[1,5-a]pyridines of Formula XXXI are known; others can be
prepared by known methods. See, for example, PCT Publication Nos.
WO 2004/110991 (Lindstrom et al.), WO 2004/110992 (Lindstrom et
al.), and U.S. Pat. No. 6,797,718 (Dellaria et al.).
[0830] In step (5) of Reaction Scheme VI, the tetrazolo ring is
removed from a 7H-imidazo[4,5-c]tetrazolo[1,5-a]pyridine of Formula
XXII by reaction with triphenylphosphine to form an
N-triphenylphosphinyl intermediate of Formula XIII. The reaction
with triphenylphosphine can be run in a suitable solvent such as
toluene or 1,2-dichlorobenzene under an atmosphere of nitrogen with
heating, for example at the reflux temperature.
[0831] In step (6) of Reaction Scheme VI, an N-triphenylphosphinyl
intermediate of Formula XXXIII is hydrolyzed to provide an
oxime-substituted 1H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-4-amine of Formula
XXXIV, a subgenus of Formulas I and II. The hydrolysis can be
carried out by general methods well known to those skilled in the
art, for example, by heating in a lower alkanol or an alkanol/water
solution in the presence of an acid such as trifluoroacetic acid,
acetic acid, or hydrochloric acid. The product can be isolated from
the reaction mixture using conventional methods as the compound of
Formula XXXIV or as a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0832] When appropriate, the methods shown in steps (7) and (8) of
Reaction Scheme II may be used to convert a compound of Formula
XXIV to a compound of Formula IIb using steps (7) and (8) of
Reaction Scheme VI. The product or a pharmaceutically acceptable
salt thereof can be isolated by conventional methods.
##STR00061##
[0833] Compounds of the invention can be prepared according to
Reaction Scheme VII where R.sub.1, R.sub.2-1, R.sub.2-2, R, X, and
Z.sub.a are as defined above; E is carbon (imidazoquinoline ring)
or nitrogen (imidazonaphthyridine ring); n is 0 or 1; Bn is benzyl;
and R.sub.3c is --O--R.sub.4, --O--X'--R.sub.4,
--O--X'--Y'--R.sub.4, --O--X'--Y'--X'--Y'--R.sub.4, or
--O--X'--R.sub.5, where R.sub.4, X', Y', and R.sub.5 are as defined
above. In step (1) of Reaction Scheme VII, an aniline or
aminopyridine of Formula XXXV is treated with the condensation
product generated from 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxane-4,6-dione
(Meldrum's acid) and triethyl orthoformate to provide an imine of
Formula XXXVI. The reaction is conveniently carried out by adding a
solution of an aniline or aminopyridine of Formula XXXV to a heated
mixture of Meldrum's acid and triethyl orthoformate and heating the
reaction at an elevated temperature. The product can be isolated
using conventional methods. Many anilines and aminopyridines of
Formula XXXV are commercially available; others can be prepared by
known synthetic methods. For example, benzyloxypyridines of Formula
XXXV can be prepared using the method of Holladay et al., Biorg.
Med. Chem. Lett., 8, pp. 2797-2802, (1998).
[0834] In step (2) of Reaction Scheme VII, an imine of Formula XVI
undergoes thermolysis and cyclization to provide a compound of
Formula XXXVII. The reaction is conveniently carried out in a
medium such as DOWTHERM A heat transfer fluid at a temperature in
the range of 200 to 250.degree. C. The product can be isolated
using conventional methods. Isomers of the compound of Formula XV
or Formula XXVII, wherein E is nitrogen and at a different position
in the ring, can also be synthesized and can be used to prepare
compounds of the invention.
[0835] In step (3) of Reaction Scheme VII, a compound of Formula
XXXVII is nitrated under conventional nitration conditions to
provide a compound of Formula XXVIII. The reaction is conveniently
carried out by adding nitric acid to the compound of Formula XXXVII
in a suitable solvent such as propionic acid and heating the
mixture at an elevated temperature. The product can be isolated
using conventional methods.
[0836] In step (4) of Reaction Scheme VII, a
3-nitro[1,5]naphthyridin-4-ol or 3-nitroquinolin-4-ol of Formula
XXVIII is chlorinated using conventional chlorination chemistry to
provide a 4-chloro-3-nitro[1,5]naphthyridine or
4-chloro-3-nitroquinoline of Formula XXXIX. The reaction is
conveniently carried out by treating the compound of Formula
XXXVIII with phosphorous oxychloride in a suitable solvent such as
DMF. The reaction can be carried out at ambient temperature or at
an elevated temperature such as 100.degree. C., and the product can
be isolated using conventional methods.
[0837] In step (5) of Reaction Scheme VII, a
4-chloro-3-nitro[1,5]naphthyridine or 4-chloro-3-nitroquinoline of
Formula XXI is treated with an amine of Formula R.sub.1--NH.sub.2
to provide a compound of Formula XL. Several amines of Formula
R.sub.1--NH.sub.2 are commercially available; others can be
prepared by known synthetic methods. The reaction is conveniently
carried out by adding the amine of Formula R.sub.1--NH.sub.2 to a
solution of the 4-chloro-3-nitro[1,5]naphthyridine or
4-chloro-3-nitroquinoline of Formula XXXIX in a suitable solvent
such as dichloromethane in the presence of a tertiary amine such as
triethylamine. The reaction can be carried out at ambient
temperature or at a sub-ambient temperature such as, for example,
0.degree. C. The reaction product can be isolated using
conventional methods.
[0838] In step (6) of Reaction Scheme VII, a compound of Formula XL
is reduced to provide a diamine of Formula XLI. The reaction can be
carried out by hydrogenation using a heterogeneous hydrogenation
catalyst such as platinum on carbon. The hydrogenation is
conveniently carried out in a Parr apparatus in a suitable solvent
such as toluene, methanol, acetonitrile, or ethyl acetate. The
reaction can be carried out at ambient temperature, and the product
can be isolated using conventional methods.
[0839] Alternatively, the reduction in step (6) can be carried out
using nickel boride, prepared in situ from sodium borohydride and
nickel(II) chloride. The reduction is conveniently carried out by
adding a solution of a compound of Formula XL in a suitable solvent
or solvent mixture such as dichloromethane/methanol to a mixture of
excess sodium borohydride and catalytic nickel(II) chloride in
methanol. The reaction can be carried out at ambient temperature.
The product can be isolated using conventional methods.
[0840] Steps (7) through (12) of Reaction Scheme VII are analogous
to steps (1) through (6) of Reaction Scheme II and can be carried
out using the same methods.
[0841] In step (13) of Reaction Scheme VII, the benzyl group in an
oxime of Formula XLII is cleaved to provide a hydroxy group. The
cleavage is conveniently carried out on a Parr apparatus under
hydrogenolysis conditions using a suitable heterogeneous catalyst
such as palladium or platinum on carbon in a solvent such as
ethanol. Alternatively, the cleavage can be carried out with an
acid such as hydrogen bromide in a suitable solvent such as acetic
acid at an elevated temperature, such as 65.degree. C. The product
of Formula XLIII, prepared by any of these methods, or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof can be isolated using
conventional methods.
[0842] In step (14) of Reaction Scheme VII, a hydroxy-substituted
oxime of Formula XLIII is converted to a compound of Formula XLIV,
a subgenus of Formula I, using a Williamson-type ether synthesis.
The reaction is effected by treating a hydroxy-substituted compound
of Formula XLIII with an aryl, alkyl, or arylalkylenyl halide of
Formula Halide-R.sub.4b, Halide-alkylene-R.sub.4,
Halide-alkylene-Y'--R.sub.4, or Halide-alkylene-R.sub.5, where
R.sub.4b is as defined above, in the presence of a base. Numerous
alkyl, arylalkylenyl, and aryl halides of these formulas are
commercially available, including substituted benzyl bromides and
chlorides, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl or arylalkylenyl
bromides and chlorides, and substituted fluorobenzenes. Other
halides of these formulas can be prepared using conventional
synthetic methods. The reaction is conveniently carried out by
combining an alkyl, arylalkylenyl, or aryl halide with the
hydroxy-substituted compound of Formula XLIII in a solvent such as
DMF in the presence of a suitable base such as cesium carbonate.
Optionally, catalytic tetrabutylammonium bromide can be added. The
reaction can be carried out at ambient temperature or at an
elevated temperature, for example 65.degree. C. or 85.degree. C.,
depending on the reactivity of the halide reagent. Alternatively,
step (14) may be carried out using the Ullmann ether synthesis, in
which an alkali metal aryloxide prepared from the
hydroxy-substituted compound of Formula XLIII reacts with an aryl
halide in the presence of copper salts, to provide a compound of
Formula XLIV, where R.sub.3b is --O--R.sub.4b,
--O--X'.sub.f--R.sub.4, or --O--X'.sub.f--Y'--R.sub.4, wherein
X'.sub.f is an arylene or heteroarylene, and R.sub.4b is as defined
above. Numerous substituted and unsubstituted aryl halides are
commercially available; others can be prepared using conventional
methods. The product of Formula XLIV, prepared by either of these
methods, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof can be
isolated using conventional methods.
[0843] When appropriate, the methods shown in steps (7) and (8) of
Reaction Scheme II may be used to convert a compound of Formula
XLIV to a compound of Formula XLV using steps (15) and (16) of
Reaction Scheme VII. The product or pharmaceutically acceptable
salt thereof can be isolated by conventional methods.
##STR00062##
[0844] For some embodiments, naphthyridines of the invention are
prepared from tetrazolo compounds of Formulas XLVI and L according
to Reaction Schemes VIII and IX, wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2-1,
R.sub.2-2, R, n, Z.sub.a, and X are as defined above. Compounds of
Formula XLVI and L and synthetic routes to these compounds are
known; see, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 6,194,425 (Gerster).
[0845] Steps (1) through (4) of Reaction Schemes VIII and IX are
analogous to steps (1) through (4) of Reaction Scheme II and can be
carried out using the same methods.
[0846] The tetrazolo group of a compound of Formula XLVII or LI can
then be removed in step (5) of Reaction Scheme IX or X to provide a
1H-imidazo[4,5-c]naphthyridin-4-amine of Formula XLVIII or LII,
each of which is a subgenus of Formula I. The removal of the
tetrazolo group can be carried out as described in steps (5) and
(6) of Reaction Scheme VI or by using methods described in U.S.
Pat. No. 6,194,425 (Gerster). The product or a pharmaceutically
acceptable salt thereof can be isolated by conventional
methods.
[0847] When appropriate, the methods shown in steps (7) and (8) of
Reaction Scheme II may be used to convert a compound of Formula
XLVIII or LII to a compound of Formula XLIX or LIII using steps (6)
and (7) of Reaction Scheme VIII or IX, respectively. The product of
Formula XLIX or LIII, each of which is a subgenus of Formula I, or
a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof can be isolated by
conventional methods.
##STR00063##
##STR00064##
[0848] Compounds of the invention can be prepared according to
Reaction Scheme X where R.sub.A1, R.sub.B1, R.sub.1, R.sub.2-2,
R.sub.2-3, Y, and P are as defined above and PMB is
para-methoxybenzyl.
[0849] In step (1) of Reaction Scheme X, a
2,4-dichloro-3-nitropyridine of Formula LIV is reacted with an
amine of formula R.sub.1--NH.sub.2 to provide a
2-chloro-3-nitropyridin-4-amine of Formula LV. The reaction can be
carried out using the method described in step (5) of Reaction
Scheme VII. Some 2,4-dichloro-3-nitropyridines of Formula LIV are
known; others can be prepared using known synthetic methods. See,
for example, U.S. Pat. No. 6,525,064 (Dellaria) and the references
cited therein.
[0850] In step (2) of Reaction Scheme X, a
2-chloro-3-nitropyridin-4-amine of Formula LV is reduced to provide
a 2-chloropyridine-3,4-diamine of Formula LVI. The reduction can be
carried out using the methods described in step (6) of Reaction
Scheme VII.
[0851] In step (3) of Reaction Scheme X, a
2-chloropyridine-3,4-diamine of Formula LVI is reacted with a
carboxylic acid or an equivalent thereof to provide a
4-chloro-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridine of Formula LVII. The reaction
can be carried out using the method described in step (1) of
Reaction Scheme II.
[0852] In step (4) of Reaction Scheme X, the protecting group of a
4-chloro-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridine of Formula LVII is removed to
provide a hydroxyalkyl-substituted
4-chloro-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridine of Formula LVIII. The
deprotection can be carried out using a variety of methods
depending on which P group is present. When P is an ethyl group,
the reaction can be carried out by adding a solution of boron
tribromide in a suitable solvent to a solution or suspension of a
compound of Formula LVII in a suitable solvent such as
dichloromethane. The reaction can be carried out at a sub-ambient
temperature such as 0.degree. C.
[0853] In step (5) of Reaction Scheme X, a
4-chloro-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridine of Formula LVIII is reacted with
4-methoxybenzylamine to provide an
N-(4-methoxybenzyl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-4-amine of Formula
LIX. The reaction can be carried out by combining a compound of
Formula LVIII with excess N-(4-methoxybenzyl)amine and excess
pyridine hydrochloride in a suitable solvent such as
2,2,2-trifluoroethanol and heating (150.degree. C.) in a microwave
reactor.
[0854] In step (6) of Reaction Scheme X, the 4-methoxybenzyl group
is removed from an
N-(4-methoxybenzyl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-4-amine of Formula LIX
to provide a 1H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-4-amine of Formula LX. The
reaction can be carried out by treating a compound of Formula LIX
with trifluoroacetic acid at ambient temperature.
[0855] In step (7) of Reaction Scheme X, a hydroxyalkyl-substituted
1H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-4-amine of Formula LX is chlorinated to
provide a chloroalkyl-substituted 1H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-4-amine
of Formula LXI. The reaction can be carried out by treating a
solution of a compound of Formula LX in a suitable solvent such as
chloroform with thionyl chloride. The reaction can be carried out
at an elevated temperature such as the reflux temperature of the
solvent.
[0856] In step (8) of Reaction Scheme X, the chloro group of a
chloroalkyl-substituted 1H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-4-amine of Formula
LXI is displaced with a hydroxylamine of formula
HN(Y--R.sub.2-3)OR.sub.2-2 or a salt thereof to provide a
1H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-4-amine of Formula LXII, which is a
subgenus of Formulas I and II. The reaction can be carried out
using the methods described in step (4) of Reaction Scheme I.
[0857] In step (8a) of Reaction Scheme X, the chloro group of a
chloroalkyl-substituted 1H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-4-amine of Formula
LXI is displaced with a hydroxylamine of formula H.sub.2NOR.sub.2-2
or a salt thereof to provide a 1H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-4-amine of
Formula LXIII, which is a subgenus of Formulas I and II. The
reaction can be carried out using the methods described in step (4)
of Reaction Scheme I.
[0858] In step (9) of Reaction Scheme X, a
1H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-4-amine of Formula LXIII is further
derivatized to provide a 1H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-4-amine of
Formula LXII, which is a subgenus of Formulas I and II. The
reaction can be carried out using the methods described in step (8)
of Reaction Scheme II.
##STR00065##
[0859] For certain embodiments, compounds of the invention can be
prepared according to Reaction Scheme XI, wherein R.sub.A2,
R.sub.B2, R.sub.1, R.sub.2-1, X, Z, and G are as defined above.
Compounds of Formula Ia can be prepared according to the methods
described above. The amino group of a compound of Formula Ia can be
converted by conventional methods to a functional group such as an
amide, carbamate, urea, amidine, or another hydrolyzable group. A
compound of this type can be made by the replacement of a hydrogen
atom in an amino group with a group such as --C(O)--R'',
.alpha.-aminoacyl, .alpha.-aminoacyl-.alpha.-aminoacyl,
--C(O)--O--R'', --C(O)--N(R'''')--R'', --C(--NY.sub.1)--R'',
--CH(OH)--C(O)--OY.sub.1, --CH(OC.sub.1-4 alkyl)Y.sub.0,
--CH.sub.2Y.sub.2, or --CH(CH.sub.3)Y.sub.2; wherein R'' and R''''
are each independently C.sub.1-10 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl,
phenyl, or benzyl, each of which may be unsubstituted or
substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from
the group consisting of halogen, hydroxy, nitro, cyano, carboxy,
C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-4 alkoxy, aryl, heteroaryl, arylC.sub.1-4
alkylenyl, heteroarylC.sub.1-4 alkylenyl, haloC.sub.1-4 alkylenyl,
haloC.sub.1-4 alkoxy, --O--C(O)--CH.sub.3, --C(O)--O--CH.sub.3,
--C(O)--NH.sub.2, --O--CH.sub.2--C(O)--NH.sub.2, --NH.sub.2, and
--S(O).sub.2--NH.sub.2;, with the proviso that R'''' may also be
hydrogen; each .alpha.-aminoacyl group is independently selected
from racemic, D, or L-amino acids; Y, is hydrogen, C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
or benzyl; Y.sub.0 is C.sub.1-6 alkyl, carboxyC.sub.1-6 alkylenyl,
aminoC.sub.1-4 alkylenyl, mono-N--C.sub.1-6 alkylaminoC.sub.1-4
alkylenyl, or di-N,N--C.sub.1-6 alkylaminoC.sub.1-4 alkylenyl; and
Y.sub.2 is mono-N--C.sub.1-6 alkylamino, di-N,N-C.sub.1-6
alkylamino, morpholin-4-yl, piperidin-1-yl, pyrrolidin-1-yl, or
4-C.sub.1-4 alkylpiperazin-1-yl. Particularly useful compounds of
Formula VII are amides derived from carboxylic acids containing one
to ten carbon atoms, amides derived from amino acids, and
carbamates containing one to ten carbon atoms. The reaction can be
carried out, for example, by combining a compound of Formula Ia
with a chloroformate or acid chloride, such as ethyl chloroformate
or acetyl chloride, in the presence of a base such as triethylamine
in a suitable solvent such as dichloromethane at room
temperature.
##STR00066##
[0860] Compounds of the invention can also be prepared using
variations of the synthetic routes shown in Reaction Schemes I
through X that would be apparent to one of skill in the art. For
example, the order of steps may be changed in Reaction Schemes II,
III, and VI through IX to prepare compounds of the invention.
Compounds of the invention can also be prepared using the synthetic
routes described in the EXAMPLES below.
Pharmaceutical Compositions and Biological Activity
[0861] Pharmaceutical compositions of the invention contain a
therapeutically effective amount of a compound or salt described
above in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable
carrier.
[0862] The terms "a therapeutically effective amount" and
"effective amount" mean an amount of the compound or salt
sufficient to induce a therapeutic or prophylactic effect, such as
cytokine induction, immunomodulation, antitumor activity, and/or
antiviral activity. The exact amount of compound or salt used in a
pharmaceutical composition of the invention will vary according to
factors known to those of skill in the art, such as the physical
and chemical nature of the compound or salt, the nature of the
carrier, and the intended dosing regimen.
[0863] In some embodiments, the compositions of the invention will
contain sufficient active ingredient or prodrug to provide a dose
of about 100 nanograms per kilogram (ng/kg) to about 50 milligrams
per kilogram (mg/kg), preferably about 10 micrograms per kilogram
(.mu.g/kg) to about 5 mg/kg, of the compound or salt to the
subject.
[0864] In other embodiments, the compositions of the invention will
contain sufficient active ingredient or prodrug to provide a dose
of, for example, from about 0.01 mg/m.sup.2 to about 5.0
mg/m.sup.2, computed according to the Dubois method, in which the
body surface area of a subject (m.sup.2) is computed using the
subject's body weight: m.sup.2=(wt kg.sup.0.425.times.height
cm.sup.0.725).times.0.007184, although in some embodiments the
methods may be performed by administering a compound or salt or
composition in a dose outside this range. In some of these
embodiments, the method includes administering sufficient compound
to provide a dose of from about 0.1 mg/m.sup.2 to about 2.0
mg/m.sup.2 to the subject, for example, a dose of from about 0.4
mg/m.sup.2 to about 1.2 mg/m.sup.2.
[0865] A variety of dosage forms may be used, such as tablets,
lozenges, capsules, parenteral formulations, syrups, creams,
ointments, aerosol formulations, transdermal patches, transmucosal
patches and the like. These dosage forms can be prepared with
conventional pharmaceutically acceptable carriers and additives
using conventional methods, which generally include the step of
bringing the active ingredient into association with the
carrier.
[0866] The compounds or salts of the invention can be administered
as the single therapeutic agent in the treatment regimen, or the
compounds or salts described herein may be administered in
combination with one another or with other active agents, including
additional immune response modifiers, antivirals, antibiotics,
antibodies, proteins, peptides, oligonucleotides, etc.
[0867] Compounds or salts of the invention have been shown to
induce the production of certain cytokines in experiments performed
according to the tests set forth below. These results indicate that
the compounds or salts are useful for modulating the immune
response in a number of different ways, rendering them useful in
the treatment of a variety of disorders.
[0868] Cytokines whose production may be induced by the
administration of compounds or salts of the invention generally
include interferon-.alpha. (IFN-.alpha.) and tumor necrosis
factor-.alpha. (TNF-.alpha.) as well as certain interleukins (IL).
Cytokines whose biosynthesis may be induced by compounds or salts
of the invention include IFN-.alpha., TNF-.alpha., IL-1, IL-6,
IL-10 and IL-12, and a variety of other cytokines. Among other
effects, these and other cytokines can inhibit virus production and
tumor cell growth, making the compounds or salts useful in the
treatment of viral diseases and neoplastic diseases. Accordingly,
the invention provides a method of inducing cytokine biosynthesis
in an animal comprising administering an effective amount of a
compound or salt of the invention to the animal. The animal to
which the compound or salt is administered for induction of
cytokine biosynthesis may have a disease as described infra, for
example a viral disease or a neoplastic disease, and administration
of the compound or salt may provide therapeutic treatment.
Alternatively, the compound or salt may be administered to the
animal prior to the animal acquiring the disease so that
administration of the compound or salt may provide a prophylactic
treatment.
[0869] In addition to the ability to induce the production of
cytokines, compounds or salts described herein can affect other
aspects of the innate immune response. For example, natural killer
cell activity may be stimulated, an effect that may be due to
cytokine induction. The compounds or salts may also activate
macrophages, which in turn stimulate secretion of nitric oxide and
the production of additional cytokines. Further, the compounds or
salts may cause proliferation and differentiation of
B-lymphocytes.
[0870] Compounds or salts described herein can also have an effect
on the acquired immune response. For example, the production of the
T helper type 1 (T.sub.H1) cytokine IFN-.gamma. may be induced
indirectly and the production of the T helper type 2 (T.sub.H2)
cytokines IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 may be inhibited upon administration
of the compounds or salts.
[0871] Whether for prophylaxis or therapeutic treatment of a
disease, and whether for effecting innate or acquired immunity, the
compound or salt or composition may be administered alone or in
combination with one or more active components as in, for example,
a vaccine adjuvant. When administered with other components, the
compound or salt or composition and other component or components
may be administered separately; together but independently such as
in a solution; or together and associated with one another such as
(a) covalently linked or (b) non-covalently associated, e.g., in a
colloidal suspension.
[0872] Conditions for which compounds or salts or compositions
identified herein may be used as treatments include, but are not
limited to:
[0873] (a) viral diseases such as, for example, diseases resulting
from infection by an adenovirus, a herpesvirus (e.g., HSV-I,
HSV-II, CMV, or VZV), a poxvirus (e.g., an orthopoxvirus such as
variola or vaccinia, or molluscum contagiosum), a picornavirus
(e.g., rhinovirus or enterovirus), an orthomyxovirus (e.g.,
influenzavirus), a paramyxovirus (e.g., parainfluenzavirus, mumps
virus, measles virus, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)), a
coronavirus (e.g., SARS), a papovavirus (e.g., papillomaviruses,
such as those that cause genital warts, common warts, or plantar
warts), a hepadnavirus (e.g., hepatitis B virus), a flavivirus
(e.g., hepatitis C virus or Dengue virus), or a retrovirus (e.g., a
lentivirus such as HIV);
[0874] (b) bacterial diseases such as, for example, diseases
resulting from infection by bacteria of, for example, the genus
Escherichia, Enterobacter, Salmonella, Staphylococcus, Shigella,
Listeria, Aerobacter, Helicobacter, Klebsiella, Proteus,
Pseudomonas, Streptococcus, Chlamydia, Mycoplasma, Pneumococcus,
Neisseria, Clostridium, Bacillus, Corynebacterium, Mycobacterium,
Campylobacter, Vibrio, Serratia, Providencia, Chromobacterium,
Brucella, Yersinia, Haemophilus, or Bordetella;
[0875] (c) other infectious diseases, such as chlamydia, fungal
diseases including but not limited to candidiasis, aspergillosis,
histoplasmosis, cryptococcal meningitis, or parasitic diseases
including but not limited to malaria, pneumocystis carnii
pneumonia, leishmaniasis, cryptosporidiosis, toxoplasmosis, and
trypanosome infection;
[0876] (d) neoplastic diseases, such as intraepithelial neoplasias,
cervical dysplasia, actinic keratosis, basal cell carcinoma,
squamous cell carcinoma, renal cell carcinoma, Kaposi's sarcoma,
melanoma, leukemias including but not limited to acute myeloid
leukemia, acute lymphocytic leukemia, chronic myeloid leukemia,
chronic lymphocytic leukemia, multiple myeloma, Hodgkin's lymphoma,
non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, B-cell lymphoma,
and hairy cell leukemia, and other cancers;
[0877] (e) T.sub.H2-mediated, atopic diseases, such as atopic
dermatitis or eczema, eosinophilia, asthma, allergy, allergic
rhinitis, and Ommen's syndrome;
[0878] (f) certain autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus
erythematosus, essential thrombocythaemia, multiple sclerosis,
discoid lupus, alopecia areata; and
[0879] (g) diseases associated with wound repair such as, for
example, inhibition of keloid formation and other types of scarring
(e.g., enhancing wound healing, including chronic wounds).
[0880] Additionally, a compound or salt identified herein may be
useful as a vaccine adjuvant for use in conjunction with any
material that raises either humoral and/or cell mediated immune
response, such as, for example, live viral, bacterial, or parasitic
immunogens; inactivated viral, tumor-derived, protozoal,
organism-derived, fungal, or bacterial immunogens; toxoids; toxins;
self-antigens; polysaccharides; proteins; glycoproteins; peptides;
cellular vaccines; DNA vaccines; autologous vaccines; recombinant
proteins; and the like, for use in connection with, for example,
BCG, cholera, plague, typhoid, hepatitis A, hepatitis B, hepatitis
C, influenza A, influenza B, parainfluenza, polio, rabies, measles,
mumps, rubella, yellow fever, tetanus, diphtheria, hemophilus
influenza b, tuberculosis, meningococcal and pneumococcal vaccines,
adenovirus, HIV, chicken pox, cytomegalovirus, dengue, feline
leukemia, fowl plague, HSV-1 and HSV-2, hog cholera, Japanese
encephalitis, respiratory syncytial virus, rotavirus, papilloma
virus, yellow fever, and Alzheimer's Disease.
[0881] Compounds or salts identified herein may be particularly
helpful in individuals having compromised immune function. For
example, compounds or salts may be used for treating the
opportunistic infections and tumors that occur after suppression of
cell mediated immunity in, for example, transplant patients, cancer
patients and HIV patients.
[0882] Thus, one or more of the above diseases or types of
diseases, for example, a viral disease or a neoplastic disease may
be treated in an animal in need thereof (having the disease) by
administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound or
salt of the invention to the animal.
[0883] An animal may also be vaccinated by administering an
effective amount of a compound or salt described herein, as a
vaccine adjuvant. In one embodiment, there is provided a method of
vaccinating an animal comprising administering an effective amount
of a compound or salt described herein to the animal as a vaccine
adjuvant.
[0884] An amount of a compound or salt effective to induce cytokine
biosynthesis is an amount sufficient to cause one or more cell
types, such as monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells and B-cells
to produce an amount of one or more cytokines such as, for example,
IFN-.alpha., TNF-.alpha., IL-1, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-12 that is
increased (induced) over a background level of such cytokines. The
precise amount will vary according to factors known in the art but
is expected to be a dose of about 100 ng/kg to about 50 mg/kg,
preferably about 10 .mu.g/kg to about 5 mg/kg. In other
embodiments, the amount is expected to be a dose of, for example,
from about 0.01 mg/m.sup.2 to about 5.0 mg/m.sup.2, (computed
according to the Dubois method as described above) although in some
embodiments the induction or inhibition of cytokine biosynthesis
may be performed by administering a compound or salt in a dose
outside this range. In some of these embodiments, the method
includes administering sufficient compound or salt or composition
to provide a dose of from about 0.1 mg/m.sup.2 to about 2.0
mg/m.sup.2 to the subject, for example, a dose of from about 0.4
mg/m.sup.2 to about 1.2 mg/m.sup.2.
[0885] The invention also provides a method of treating a viral
infection in an animal and a method of treating a neoplastic
disease in an animal comprising administering an effective amount
of a compound or salt of the invention to the animal. An amount
effective to treat or inhibit a viral infection is an amount that
will cause a reduction in one or more of the manifestations of
viral infection, such as viral lesions, viral load, rate of virus
production, and mortality as compared to untreated control animals.
The precise amount that is effective for such treatment will vary
according to factors known in the art but is expected to be a dose
of about 100 ng/kg to about 50 mg/kg, preferably about 10 .mu.g/kg
to about 5 mg/kg. An amount of a compound or salt effective to
treat a neoplastic condition is an amount that will cause a
reduction in tumor size or in the number of tumor foci. Again, the
precise amount will vary according to factors known in the art but
is expected to be a dose of about 100 ng/kg to about 50 mg/kg,
preferably about 10 .mu.g/kg to about 5 mg/kg. In other
embodiments, the amount is expected to be a dose of, for example,
from about 0.01 mg/m.sup.2 to about 5.0 mg/m.sup.2, (computed
according to the Dubois method as described above) although in some
embodiments either of these methods may be performed by
administering a compound or salt in a dose outside this range. In
some of these embodiments, the method includes administering
sufficient compound or salt to provide a dose of from about 0.1
mg/m.sup.2 to about 2.0 mg/m.sup.2 to the subject, for example, a
dose of from about 0.4 mg/m.sup.2 to about 1.2 mg/m.sup.2.
[0886] In addition to the formulations and uses described
specifically herein, other formulations, uses, and administration
devices suitable for compounds of the present invention are
described in, for example, International Publication Nos. WO
03/077944 and WO 02/036592, U.S. Pat. No. 6,245,776, and U.S.
Publication Nos. 2003/0139364, 2003/185835, 2004/0258698,
2004/0265351, 2004/076633, and 2005/0009858.
[0887] Objects and advantages of this invention are further
illustrated by the following examples, but the particular materials
and amounts thereof recited in these examples, as well as other
conditions and details, should not be construed to unduly limit
this invention.
EXAMPLES
Preparation of
2-Chloromethyl-1-(2-methylpropyl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinolin-4-amine
Part A
[0888] N.sup.4-(2-Methylpropyl)quinoline-3,4-diamine (U.S. Pat. No.
5,389,640 Example 1, 41 g, 0.190 mol), dichloromethane (550 mL),
triethylamine (40 mL, 0.286 mol), and chloroacetyl chloride (16.7
mL, 0.210 mol) were combined and then stirred at ambient
temperature over the weekend. The reaction mixture was diluted with
1,2-dichloroethane (75 mL) and then washed with saturated aqueous
sodium bicarbonate (3.times.400 mL). The organic layer was dried
over magnesium sulfate, filtered through a layer of CELITE filter
aid, and then concentrated under reduced pressure to provide 52.81
g of 2-chloromethyl-1-(2-methylpropyl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinoline
as a brown solid.
Part B
[0889] 3-Chloroperoxybenzoic acid (mCPBA) (32.7 g of 77% pure
material, 146 mmol) was added over a period of five minutes to a
solution of
2-chloromethyl-1-(2-methylpropyl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinoline (20.0
g, 73.1 mmol) in chloroform (500 mL); the reaction mixture was
stirred at ambient temperature for one hour. Ammonium hydroxide
(200 mL) was added, and then p-toluenesulfonyl chloride (16.7 g,
87.7 mmol) was added in portions over a period of 10 minutes. The
reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for one hour,
and then water (200 mL) was added. The aqueous layer was separated
and extracted with dichloromethane (2.times.200 mL). The combined
organic fractions were dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and
concentrated under reduced pressure to provide 32 g of crude
product as a tan solid. The crude product was dissolved in
dichloromethane (50 mL), and the resulting solution was divided
into two portions. Each portion was purified by column
chromatography using a HORIZON HPFC system (an automated, modular
high-performance flash purification product available from Biotage,
Inc, Charlottesville, Va., USA) using a FLASH 65I silica cartridge
(also available from Biotage, Inc.) (eluting with ethyl
acetate:methanol in a gradient from 98:2 to 85:15) to provide 11.24
g of
2-chloromethyl-1-(2-methylpropyl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinolin-4-amine
as a tan solid.
Example 1
1-(2-Methylpropyl)-2-{[methoxy(methyl)amino]methyl}-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quino-
lin-4-amine
##STR00067##
[0891]
2-Chloromethyl-1-(2-methylpropyl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinolin-4-amine
(0.100 g, 0.346 mmol) and triethylamine (0.105 g, 1.04 mmol) were
added to a solution of N,O-dimethylhydroxylamine hydrochloride
(0.068 g, 0.69 mmol) in. N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) (2 mL). A
precipitate formed after the addition of triethylamine. The
reaction was heated with stirring for three days at 50.degree. C.,
allowed to cool to ambient temperature, and partitioned between
ethyl acetate (5 mL) and water (5 mL). The organic fraction was
concentrated under reduced pressure to afford a white solid, which
was purified by preparative high performance liquid chromatography
(prep HPLC) using a Waters FractionLynx automated purification
system. The prep HPLC fractions were analyzed using a Waters
LC/TOF-MS, and the appropriate fractions were centrifuge evaporated
to provide the trifluoroacetate salt of the desired compound.
Reversed phase prep HPLC was performed with non-linear gradient
elution from 5-95% B where A is 0.05% trifluoroacetic acid/water
and B is 0.05% trifluoroacetic acid/acetonitrile. Fractions were
collected by mass-selective triggering. The prep HPLC purification
afforded
1-(2-methylpropyl)-2-{[methoxy(methyl)amino]methyl}-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quin-
olin-4-amine trifluoroacetate.
[0892] HRMS (ESI) m/z 314.1974 (M+H).
Example 2
1-(2-Methylpropyl)-2-[(methoxyamino)methyl]-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinolin-4-am-
ine
##STR00068##
[0894] Methoxylamine hydrochloride (145 mg, 1.73 mmol) was added to
a solution of
2-chloromethyl-1-(2-methylpropyl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinolin-4-amine
(0.250 g, 0.866 mmol) in DMF (3 mL). A precipitate formed.
Triethylamine (0.263 g, 2.60 mmol) was added, and the reaction was
heated with stirring overnight at 50.degree. C., allowed to cool to
ambient temperature, and partitioned between ethyl acetate (5 mL)
and water (5 mL). The aqueous fraction was extracted twice with
ethyl acetate, and the combined organic fractions were dried over
magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced
pressure. The crude product was purified by radial chromatography
on a silica gel plate (2 mm) (eluting sequentially with 2% and 5%
methanol in chloroform). The solid was then purified by prep HPLC
as described in Example 1 to provide
1-(2-methylpropyl)-2-[(methoxyamino)methyl]-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinolin-4-a-
mine trifluoroacetate.
[0895] HRMS (ESI) m/z 300.1839 (M+H).
Example 3
2-{[Hydroxy(methyl)amino]methyl}-1-(2-methylpropyl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quino-
lin-4-amine
##STR00069##
[0897] The method described in Example 1 was followed using
N-methylhydroxylamine hydrochloride (0.058 g, 0.69 mmol) in lieu of
N,O-dimethylhydroxylamine hydrochloride. The product was purified
by prep HPLC as described in Example 1 to provide
2-{[hydroxy(methyl)amino]methyl}-1-(2-methylpropyl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quin-
olin-amine trifluoroacetate.
[0898] HRMS (ESI) m/z 300.1826 (M+H).
Example 4
4-Amino-1-(2-methylpropyl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinoline-2-carbaldehyde
O-methyloxime
##STR00070##
[0899] Part A
[0900] A solution of 1-(2-methylpropyl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinoline
(U.S. Pat. No. 5,175,296 Example 1 Part C, 25.64 g, 113.8 mmol) in
tetrahydrofuran (THF) (450 mL) was cooled to -78.degree. C.
Butyllithium (45.5 mL of a 2.5 M solution in hexanes) was added
dropwise over a period of ten minutes, and the resulting solution
was stirred for ten minutes. DMF (20.1 mL, 274.4 mmol) was added,
and the reaction was allowed to warm to room temperature and
stirred for one hour. The THF was then removed under reduced
pressure, and the residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate (400 mL).
The resulting solution was washed with brine (400 mL), dried over
magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced
pressure. The crude product was purified by column chromatography
on silica gel (eluting sequentially with 0.5% and 1% methanol in
dichloromethane) to provide 10.5 g of
1-(2-methylpropyl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinoline-2-carbaldehyde as a
light brown solid.
Part B
[0901] Methoxylamine hydrochloride (0.659 g, 7.90 mmol) was added
to a stirred suspension of
1-(2-methylpropyl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinoline-2-carbaldehyde (1.00
g, 3.95 mmol) in methanol (10 mL), and the reaction was stirred at
room temperature overnight. The methanol was removed under reduced
pressure, and the residue was diluted with saturated aqueous sodium
bicarbonate (50 mL). The resulting mixture was extracted with
dichloromethane (3.times.30 mL), and the combined extracts were
dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under
reduced pressure to provide 1.16 g of
1-(2-methylpropyl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinoline-2-carbaldehyde
O-methyloxime as a pale yellow oil that solidified upon
standing.
Part C
[0902] mCPBA (1.75 g of 77% pure material, 7.79 mmol) was added in
portions over a period of five minutes to a solution of
1-(2-methylpropyl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinoline-2-carbaldehyde
O-methyloxime (1.1 g, 3.9 mmol) in chloroform (40 mL), and the
reaction was stirred at room temperature for one hour. Ammonium
hydroxide (20 mL) was added, and the resulting mixture was stirred
for five minutes before the addition of p-toluenesulfonyl chloride
(0.891 g, 4.68 mmol) in portions. The reaction mixture was stirred
at room temperature for 1.5 hours. The aqueous layer was then
separated and extracted with dichloromethane (3.times.30 mL). The
combined organic fractions were dried over magnesium sulfate,
filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to provide 2.2 g
of crude product as a brown foamy solid. The crude product was
dissolved in dichloromethane (15 mL) and purified by chromatography
using a HORIZON HPFC system (FLASH 40M silica cartridge available
from Biotage, Inc., eluting with 2% to 7% methanol in ethyl
acetate). The resulting product (580 mg) was recrystallized from
acetonitrile (10 mL), and the crystals were isolated by filtration,
washed with diethyl ether, and dried overnight in a vacuum oven at
65.degree. C. to provide 236 mg of
4-amino-1-(2-methylpropyl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinoline-2-carbaldehyde
O-methyloxime as a brown solid, mp 181-183.degree. C.
[0903] Anal. Calcd for C.sub.16H.sub.19N.sub.5O: C, 64.63; H, 6.44;
N, 23.55. Found: C, 64.37; H, 6.39; N, 23.57.
Example 5
4-[4-Amino-1-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinolin-2-yl]but-
an-2-one O-methyloxime
##STR00071##
[0904] Part A
[0905] A mixture of ethyl levulinate (58.35 g, 400.0 mmol),
ethylene glycol (75.36 g, 1.21 mol), pyridinium p-toluenesulfonate
(100 mg) and toluene (200 mL) was heated at reflux under a Dean
Stark trap. The trap was emptied every 15 minutes during the
reaction until approximately 200 mL of reaction volatiles had been
removed. The remaining toluene was removed under reduced pressure,
and the resulting oil was partitioned between ethyl acetate (200
mL) and water (50 mL). The organic layer was separated and washed
sequentially with water (2.times.50 mL), saturated aqueous sodium
bicarbonate (50 mL), and brine (50 mL); dried over sodium sulfate,
filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to provide 68.9 g
of ethyl 3-(2-methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)propanoate as a light yellow
oil.
Part B
[0906] A solution of ethyl 3-(2-methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)propanoate
(68.9 g, 366 mmol) in methanol (73 mL) was cooled to approximately
0.degree. C. A warm solution of sodium hydroxide (14.63 g, 366
mmol) in water (73 mL) was added dropwise over a period of three
hours. The reaction was then allowed to warm to room temperature
and stirred for 17 hours. The methanol was removed under reduced
pressure, and the resulting aqueous solution was diluted with water
(400 mL) and washed with ethyl acetate (150 mL). The aqueous
solution was then cooled to approximately 0.degree. C. and adjusted
to pH 2 with the addition of sulfuric acid (180 mL of 1 M). The
resulting mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (2.times.150
mL), and the combined extracts were washed with brine (50 mL),
dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced
pressure to provide 38.6 g of
3-(2-methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)propanoic acid as a light yellow
oil.
Part C
[0907] A solution of 3-(2-methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)propanoic acid
(8.95 g, 55.9 mmol) in dichloromethane (111 mL) was cooled to
approximately 0.degree. C. N-hydroxysuccinimide (7.10 g, 61.5
mmol), 4-methylmorpholine (6.22 g, 61.5 mmol), and
1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (11.8
g, 61.5 mmol) were sequentially added with stirring. The reaction
was then allowed to warm to room temperature, stirred for 17 hours,
and partitioned between dichloromethane (150 mL) and water (50 mL).
The organic layer was separated; sequentially washed with water (50
mL), saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate (2.times.50 .mu.L), and
brine (50 mL); dried over sodium sulfate; filtered; and
concentrated under reduced pressure to provide 13 g of
1-{[3-(2-methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)propanoyl]oxy}pyrrolidine-2,5-dione
as a white solid.
Part D
[0908] A solution of
3-amino-4-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropylamino)quinoline (U.S. Pat. No.
5,389,640, 6.00 g, 26.0 mmol) and
1-{[3-(2-methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)propanoyl]oxy}pyrrolidine-2,5-dione
(8.01 g, 31.1 mmol) in pyridine (130 mL) was heated at reflux under
a Dean-Stark trap for seven hours, allowed to cool to room
temperature, and stirred for 48 hours. The volatiles were removed
under reduced pressure, and the residue was dissolved in
dichloromethane (200 mL). The resulting solution was washed
sequentially with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate (2.times.100
mL) and brine (100 mL), dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and
concentrated under reduced pressure. The resulting dark brown oil
was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (eluting with
dichloromethane and 5% methanol in dichloromethane) to provide 4.5
g of
2-methyl-1-{(2-[2-(2-methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)ethyl]-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]qui-
nolin-1-yl}propan-2-ol.
Part E
[0909] mCPBA (2.2 g of 60% pure material, 7.7 mmol) was added in
portions over a period of five minutes to a stirred solution of
2-methyl-1-{2-[2-(2-methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)ethyl]-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quin-
olin-1-yl}propan-2-ol (2.5 g, 7.0 mmol) in chloroform (47 mL), and
the reaction was stirred at room temperature for 20 minutes. The
reaction mixture was partitioned between dichloromethane (200 mL)
and saturated aqueous sodium carbonate (100 mL). The organic layer
was separated and washed with saturated aqueous sodium carbonate
(100 mL). The combined aqueous fractions were extracted with
dichloromethane (50 mL). The combined organic fractions were washed
with brine (50 mL), dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and
concentrated under reduced pressure to provide
2-methyl-1-{2-[2-(2-methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)ethyl]-5-oxido-1H-im-
idazo[4,5-c]quinolin-1-yl}propan-2-ol as a tan solid.
Part F
[0910] Ammonium hydroxide (12 mL of 30%) was added to a stirred
solution of the material from Part E in dichloromethane (35 mL).
p-Toluenesulfonyl chloride (1.34 g, 7.03 mmol) was added in
portions over a period of two minutes with vigorous stirring. The
reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for five hours. A
solid was present and was isolated by filtration to provide 2.1 g
of white powder, which was recrystallized from ethanol (145 mL).
The crystals were isolated by filtration, washed with ethanol, and
dried for four hours under vacuum at 65.degree. C. to provide 1.7 g
of
1-{4-amino-2-[2-(2-methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)ethyl]-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quino-
lin-1-yl}-2-methylpropan-2-ol as a brown solid, mp 231-233.degree.
C.
[0911] Anal. Calcd for C.sub.20H.sub.26N.sub.4O.sub.3: C, 64.85; H,
7.07; N, 15.12. Found: C, 64.72; H, 7.40; N, 15.05.
Part G
[0912] Concentrated hydrochloric acid (0.98 mL) was added dropwise
to a stirred suspension of
1-{4-amino-2-[2-(2-methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)ethyl]-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quino-
lin-1-yl}-2-methylpropan-2-ol (1.45 g, 3.91 mmol) in water (26 mL),
and the resulting solution was stirred at room temperature for two
hours and then adjusted to pH 11 with the addition of aqueous
sodium hydroxide (20% w/w). A precipitate formed, and the
suspension was stirred for several minutes. The precipitate was
isolated by filtration and washed with water to provide 1.2 g of
4-[4-amino-1-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinolin-2-yl]bu-
tan-2-one as a white powder.
Part H
[0913] Methoxylamine hydrochloride (0.26 g, 3.1 mmol) was added to
a stirred solution of
4-[4-amino-1-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinolin-2-yl]bu-
tan-2-one (0.600 g, 1.84 mmol) in pyridine (9 mL), and the reaction
was stirred at room temperature for 45 minutes. Water (50 mL) was
added. The aqueous layer was separated, extracted with
dichloromethane (2.times.50 mL), adjusted to pH 10 with the
addition of saturated aqueous sodium carbonate, and extracted with
dichloromethane (2.times.25 mL). The combined organic fractions
were washed sequentially with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate
(50 mL) and brine (50 mL), dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and
concentrated under reduced pressure. The resulting white powder was
stirred with diethyl ether for one hour, isolated by filtration,
and washed with diethyl ether. The resulting solid (0.45 g) was
recrystallized from acetonitrile (20 mL), and the crystals were
isolated by filtration, washed with acetonitrile, and dried for 15
hours under vacuum at 60.degree. C. to provide 0.40 g of
4-[4-amino-1-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinolin-2-yl]bu-
tan-2-one O-methyloxime as white needles, mp 182-184.degree. C.
[0914] Anal. Calcd for C.sub.19H.sub.25N.sub.5O.sub.2: C, 64.20; H,
7.09; N, 19.70. Found: C, 63.97; H, 7.21; N, 19.84.
Example 6
7-(Benzyloxy)-2-[(methoxyamino)methyl]-1-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-ylmethyl)--
1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinolin-4-amine
##STR00072##
[0915] Part A
[0916] 1-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-ylmethanamine (40 g, 0.347 mol) was
added to a stirred solution of
7-(benzyloxy)-4-chloro-3-nitroquinoline (55 g, 0.176 mol) and
triethylamine (50.96 g, 0.503 mol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF)
(250 mL) at 0.degree. C. After complete addition, the ice bath was
removed. To consume the remaining starting material, additional
(1-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-ylmethanamine (11 g, 95.50 mmol) was
added. The reaction proceeded at ambient temp for 3 days, then was
chilled in an ice-water bath. Water (250 mL) was added drop wise
which caused a solid to precipitate out of solution. After stirring
for 1 hour, the solid was collected by filtration, washed with
diethyl ether (800 mL), and dried under reduced pressure to afford
7-(benzyloxy)-3-nitro-N-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-ylmethyl)quinolin-4-amine
(59.3 g) as a bright yellow solid.
Part B
[0917] A 2 L glass parr vessel was charged with of
7-(benzyloxy)-3-nitro-N-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-ylmethyl)quinolin-4-amine
(59.34 g, 0.151 mol), platinum on carbon (5%, 6.6 g) and
acetonitrile (600 mL) to provide a black mixture. The vessel was
placed on a shaker and pressurized with hydrogen gas (-50 psi,
3.4.times.10.sup.5 Pa). After shaking for 18 hours at ambient
temperature, the mixture was filtered through CELITE filter agent,
and the filter cake washed with acetonitrile. The filtrate was
concentrated under reduced pressure to provide
7-(benzyloxy)-N.sup.4-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-ylmethyl)quinoline-3-
,4-diamine
[0918] (51.2 g) as a viscous oil.
Part C
[0919] To a stirred solution of
7-(benzyloxy)-N.sup.4-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-ylmethyl)quinoline-3,4-diami-
ne (51.2 g, 0.141 mol) and triethylamine (39.94 g, 0.395 mol) in
dichloromethane (410 mL) at 0.degree. C. was added a solution of
chloroacetyl chloride (8.67 g, 76.80 mmol) in dichloromethane (40
mL) drop wise by addition funnel. The reaction was stirred at
ambient temperature for 17 hours then heated to reflux for 6 hours.
The crude mixture was cooled to ambient temperature and partitioned
between water and dichloromethane (200 mL). The layers were
separated and the aqueous layer extracted with dichloromethane
(2.times.300 mL). The organic layers were combined, washed with
brine (2.times.300 mL), dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and
concentrated under reduced pressure to provide
7-(benzyloxy)-2-(chloromethyl)-1-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-ylmethyl)-1H-imid-
azo[4,5-c]quinoline (61.7 g) as a brown solid.
Part D
[0920] 3-Chloroperoxybenzoic acid (mCPBA) (1.4 g of 77% pure
material, 4.74 mmol) was added over a period of five minutes to a
solution of
7-(benzyloxy)-2-(chloromethyl)-1-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-ylmethyl)-1H-imid-
azo[4,5-c]quinoline (2.0 g, 4.74 mmol) in chloroform (47 mL); the
reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for one hour.
The reaction solution was partitioned between chloroform (50 mL)
and saturated aqueous sodium carbonate (50 mL). The layers were
separated and the aqueous layer extracted with chloroform (50 mL).
The organic layers were combined, dried over sodium sulfate,
filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford an oil.
To the crude N-oxide dissolved in dichloromethane (24 mL) was added
ammonium hydroxide (8 mL), and then p-toluenesulfonyl chloride (1.0
g, 3.11 mmol) was added in portions over a period of 2 minutes. The
reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for one hour,
and then saturated aqueous sodium carbonate (50 mL) and chloroform
(50 mL) were added. The aqueous layer was separated and extracted
with chloroform (50 mL). The combined organic fractions were dried
over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced
pressure to provide 2.1 g of crude product as a tan solid. The
crude product was purified by column chromatography using a HORIZON
HPFC system (an automated, modular high-performance flash
purification product available from Biotage, Inc, Charlottesville,
Va., USA) using a FLASH 40+M silica cartridge (also available from
Biotage, Inc.) (eluting with dichloromethane:methanol in a gradient
from 100:0 to 90:10) to provide 1.8 g of
7-(benzyloxy)-2-(chloromethyl)-1-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-ylmethyl-
)-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinolin-4-amine as a tan solid.
Part E
[0921]
7-(Benzyloxy)-2-(chloromethyl)-1-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-ylmethyl)-1-
H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinolin-4-amine (2.3 g, 5.26 mmol) and
triethylamine (1.6 g, 15.78 mmol) were added to a solution of
methoxylamine hydrochloride (0.88 g, 10.52 mmol) in
N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) (11 mL). The reaction was heated with
stirring for 40 hours at 50.degree. C., allowed to cool to ambient
temperature, and partitioned between dichloromethane (50 mL) and
water (50 mL). The aqueous layer was extracted with another portion
of dichloromethane (50 mL). The combined organic layers were dried
over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated under reduced
pressure. The crude material was purified by column chromatography
using a HORIZON HPFC system equipped with a FLASH 40+M silica
cartridge eluting with dichloromethane:methanol in a gradient from
100:0 to 90:10. The resulting product (1.0 g) was recrystallized
from acetonitrile, and the crystals were isolated by filtration,
washed with acetonitrile, and dried overnight in a vacuum oven at
65.degree. C. to provide 0.85 g of
7-(benzyloxy)-2-[(methoxyamino)methyl]-1-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-ylmethyl)-
-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinolin-4-amine as a yellow, crystalline solid,
mp 190-193.degree. C.
[0922] Anal. Calcd for C.sub.25H.sub.29N.sub.5O.sub.3: C, 67.09; H,
6.53; N, 15.65. Found: C, 66.88; H, 6.44; N, 15.55.
Example 7
7-(Benzyloxy)-2-{[methoxy(methyl)amino]methyl}
1-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-ylmethyl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinolin-4-amine
##STR00073##
[0924]
7-(Benzyloxy)-2-(chloromethyl)-1-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-ylmethyl)-1-
H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinolin-4-amine (0.50 g, 1.14 mmol) and
triethylamine (0.34 g, 3.42 mmol) were added to a solution of N,
O-dimethylhydroxylamine hydrochloride (0.22 g, 2.29 mmol) in
N)N-dimethylformamide (DMF) (2 mL). The resulting suspension was
heated with stirring for 40 hours at 50.degree. C., allowed to cool
to ambient temperature, and partitioned between dichloromethane (30
mL) and water (20 mL). The aqueous layer was extracted with another
portion of dichloromethane (30 mL). The combined organic layers
were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated under
reduced pressure. The crude material was purified by column
chromatography using a HORIZON HPFC system equipped with a FLASH
40+M silica cartridge eluting with dichloromethane:methanol in a
gradient from 100:0 to 90:10. The resulting product (0.3 g) was
recrystallized from acetonitrile (3 mL), and the crystals were
isolated by filtration, washed with acetonitrile, and dried
overnight in a vacuum oven at 65.degree. C. to provide 0.14 g of
7-(benzyloxy)-2-{[methoxy(methyl)amino]methyl}-1-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-y-
lmethyl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinolin-4-amine as a yellow, crystalline
solid, mp 159-161.degree. C.
[0925] Anal. Calcd for
C.sub.26H.sub.31N.sub.5O.sub.3.H.sub.2O.sub.1/4: C, 67.00; H, 6.81;
N, 15.03. Found: C, 66.91; H, 6.95; N, 15.08.
Example 8
N-{[4-Amino-7-(benzyloxy)-1-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-ylmethyl)-1H-imidazo[4,-
5-c]quinolin-2-yl]methyl}-N-methoxymethanesulfonamide
##STR00074##
[0927] To a solution of
7-(benzyloxy)-2-(chloromethyl)-1-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-ylmethyl)-1H-imid-
azo[4,5-c]quinolin-4-amine (0.70 g, 1.56 mmol) and triethylamine
(0.30 g, 3.12 mmol) in dichloromethane (6 mL) was added
methanesulfonyl chloride (0.20 g, 1.72 mmol) dropwise. The brown
solution was stirred at ambient temperature for 18 hours, and then
concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude material was
purified by column chromatography using a HORIZON HPFC system
equipped with a FLASH 25+M silica cartridge eluting with
dichloromethane:methanol in a gradient from 100:0 to 90:10. The
resulting product (0.35 g) was recrystallized from acetonitrile (43
mL), and the crystals were isolated by filtration, washed with
acetonitrile, and dried overnight in a vacuum oven at 65.degree. C.
to provide 0.19 g of
N-{[4-amino-7-(benzyloxy)-1-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-ylmethyl)-1H-imidazo[4-
,5-c]quinolin-2-yl]methyl}-N-methoxymethanesulfonamide as a yellow,
crystalline solid, mp 195-197.degree. C.
[0928] Anal. Calcd for C.sub.26H.sub.31N.sub.5O.sub.5S: C, 59.41;
H, 5.94; N, 13.32. Found: C, 59.78; H, 5.80; N, 13.61.
Example 9
1-Isobutyl-2-[(methoxyamino)methyl]-6,7-dimethyl-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridin--
4-amine
##STR00075##
[0929] Part A
[0930] A solution of 2,4-dichloro-5,6-dimethyl-3-nitropyridine
(40.0 g, 181 mmol), triethylamine (26.5 mL, 190 mmol), and isobutyl
amine (18.9 mL, 190 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (500 mL) was
stirred at room temperature over night. The solvent was removed
under reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate
(500 mL) and washed with water (3.times.80 mL) and brine (40 mL).
The aqueous was extracted with ethyl acetate (3.times.50 mL) and
the back-extracts washed with water (3.times.40 mL) and brine (30
mL). The combined organics were dried over magnesium sulfate,
filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude
product was purified by HPFC eluting with a gradient of 10-30%
ethyl acetate in hexanes to give 25.8 g of
2-chloro-N-isobutyl-5,6-dimethyl-3-nitropyridin-4-amine as a yellow
oil.
Part B
[0931] 2-Chloro-N-isobutyl-5,6-dimethyl-3-nitropyridin-4-amine
(25.8 g, 100 mmol) was combined with 5% platinum on carbon (2.58 g)
and ethyl acetate (200 mL) in a pressure vessel and hydrogenated at
50 psi (3.4.times.10.sup.5 Pa) for 2.5 hours on a Parr apparatus.
The reaction mixture was filtered through CELITE filter agent,
which was rinsed with ethyl acetate and methanol afterwards. The
filtrate was concentrated to give
2-chloro-N.sup.4-isobutyl-5,6-dimethylpyridine-3,4-diamine and was
used directly in the next step.
Part C
[0932] Under a nitrogen atmosphere, the material from part B was
dissolved in dichloromethane (400 mL) and cooled to 0.degree. C.
Ethoxyacetyl chloride (14.7 g, 120 mmol) dissolved in
dichloromethane (100 mL) was added dropwise through an addition
funnel and the solution was stirred at room temperature over night.
The solvent was removed under reduced pressure and the white solid
used directly in the next step.
Part D
[0933] The material from part C was suspended in ethanol (500 mL),
and sodium hydroxide (10.0 g, 250 mmol) was added. The mixture was
heated to reflux under a nitrogen atmosphere for four hours. The
heat was removed and the solution allowed to stir at room
temperature over night. The solvent was removed under reduced
pressure and the residue dissolved in dichloromethane (500 mL),
washed with water (100 mL) and brine (60 mL), dried over sodium
sulfate, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give
29.6 g of
4-chloro-2-(ethoxymethyl)-1-isobutyl-6,7-dimethyl-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridi-
ne as a yellow oil.
Part E
[0934] A 500 mL round bottom flask was charged with
4-chloro-2-(ethoxymethyl)-1-isobutyl-6,7-dimethyl-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridi-
ne (10.0 g, 33.8 mmol) and dichloromethane (250 mL) under a
nitrogen atmosphere. The solution was cooled to 0.degree. C. and
boron tribromide (101 mL of 1M in dichloromethane, 101 mmol) was
added through an addition funnel over 30 minutes. The reaction
mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature and was stirred
over night. Methanol was added slowly until no more fizzing
occurred, then the solvent was partially removed under reduced
pressure. More methanol was added (100 mL) as well as 6N
hydrochloric acid (100 mL) and the solution was heated at reflux
for 1 hour. The reaction mixture was then allowed to cool to room
temperature and stirred over night. The solvent was partially
removed under reduced pressure until a solid precipitated, which
was isolated by filtration and washed with water, then triturated
with ethyl acetate and hexanes to give 6.15 g of
(4-chloro-1-isobutyl-6,7-dimethyl-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl-
)methanol as an off-white solid.
Part F
[0935] A solution of
4-chloro-1-isobutyl-6,7-dimethyl-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)methanol
(1.50 g, 5.60 mmol), 4-methoxybenzylamine (3.66 mL, 28 mmol) and
pyridine hydrochloride (1.74 g, 11.2 mmol) in
2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (11.2 mL) was heated to 150.degree. C. in a
microwave oven for 2.5 hours. The mixture was allowed to cool to
room temperature, then poured into water (75 mL) and stirred for 30
minutes. The precipitate was isolated by filtration and washed with
water to give 1.86 g of
{1-isobutyl-4-[(4-methoxybenzyl)amino]-6,7-dimethyl-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyri-
din-2-yl}methanol.
Part G
[0936]
{1-Isobutyl-4-[(4-methoxybenzyl)amino]-6,7-dimethyl-1H-imidazo[4,5--
c]pyridin-2-yl}methanol (3.08 g, 8.36 mmol) was dissolved in
trifluoroacetic acid (31 mL) and stirred at room temperature over
night. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure and
concentrated hydrochloric acid (5 mL) was added. The suspension was
stirred for 2 hours, the solid was isolated by filtration and
washed with water to give 1.95 g of
(4-amino-1-isobutyl-6,7-dimethyl-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)-
methanol as a tan powder.
Part H
[0937] A solution of
(4-amino-1-isobutyl-6,7-dimethyl-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)methanol
(1.95 g, 7.85 mmol) and thionyl chloride (1.72 mL, 23.6 mmol) in
chloroform (80 mL) was heated at reflux for 2 hours. The solvent
was removed under reduced pressure and the residue triturated with
chloroform to give 1.53 g of
2-(chloromethyl)-1-isobutyl-6,7-dimethyl-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-4-amine
hydrochloride as an off-white powder.
Part I
[0938]
2-(chloromethyl)-1-isobutyl-6,7-dimethyl-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-4-
-amine hydrochloride (1.53 g, 5.05 mmol) was dissolved in 10 mL of
DMF in a pressure tube under a nitrogen atmosphere. Methoxylamine
hydrochloride (1.27 g, 15.15 mmol) and triethylamine (4.22 mL, 30.3
mmol) were added, the tube was sealed and the contents heated to
50.degree. C. for two hours, then to 60.degree. C. for five hours.
The mixture was then stored in the refrigerator over the weekend.
The contents were poured into water (60 mL) and stirred for 20
minutes. The solution was extracted with chloroform (3.times.70 mL)
and the organics were washed with water (4.times.40 mL) and brine
(30 mL), dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated under
reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by HPFC eluting
with a gradient of 0-30% CMA (80/18/2 v/v/v
chloroform/methanol/concentrated ammonium hydroxide) in chloroform
and then recrystallized from acetonitrile to provide
1-isobutyl-2-[(methoxyamino)methyl]-6,7-dimethyl-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-
-4-amine as a white powder, mp 154.0-156.0.degree. C.
[0939] Anal. Calcd for C.sub.14H.sub.23N.sub.5O C, 60.62; H, 8.36;
N, 25.25. Found: C, 60.63; H, 8.33; N, 25.35.
Example 10
1-Isobutyl-2-{[methoxy(methyl)amino]methyl}-6,7-dimethyl-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]-
pyridin-4-amine
##STR00076##
[0941]
1-Isobutyl-2-{[methoxy(methyl)amino]methyl}-6,7-dimethyl-1H-imidazo-
[4,5-c]pyridin-4-amine was prepared and purified according to the
general methods of Example 9 using N,O-dimethyl hydroxylamine
hydrochloride in lieu of methoxylamine hydrochloride in Part I. The
pure product was obtained as a white powder, mp 132.0-134.0.degree.
C. Anal. Calcd for C.sub.15H.sub.25N.sub.5O C., 61.83; H, 8.65; N,
24.03. Found: C, 61.63; H, 8.88; N, 24.02.
Example 11
N-[(4-Amino-1-isobutyl-6,7-dimethyl-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)methyl]--
N-methoxycyclopropanecarboxamide
##STR00077##
[0943] Under a nitrogen atmosphere,
1-isobutyl-2-[(methoxyamino)methyl]-6,7-dimethyl-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-
-4-amine (0.53 g, 1.91 mmol) was dissolved in dichloromethane (19
mL) and cooled to -5.degree. C. Triethylamine (293 uL, 2.10 mmol)
was added followed by dropwise addition of cyclopropane carbonyl
chloride (173 uL, 1.91 mmol). The solution was allowed to stir at
RT for 2 hours, then cooled back to -5.degree. C. More
triethylamine (38 uL, 0.27 mmol) and cyclopropane carbonyl chloride
(23 uL, 0.25 mmol) were added and the reaction was allowed to stir
at 0.degree. C. for 45 minutes. More cyclopropane carbonyl chloride
(5 uL, 0.06 mmol) was added and stirring continued for another 30
minutes. Dichloromethane (100 mL) was added and the solution was
washed successively with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate (30
mL), water (3.times.25 mL), and brine (20 mL), dried over sodium
sulfate, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The
crude product was purified by HPFC eluting with a gradient of 0-35%
CMA in chloroform and then recrystallized from ethyl
acetate/hexanes to provide 292 mg of pure product as an off-white
powder, mp 135.0-137.0.degree. C. Anal. Calcd for
C.sub.18H.sub.27N.sub.5O.sub.2 C, 62.59; H, 7.88; N, 20.27. Found:
C, 62.68; H, 7.82; N, 19.93.
Example 12
1-({4-Amino-2-[(methoxyamino)methyl]-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinolin-1-yl}methyl-
)cyclobutanol
##STR00078##
[0945]
1-({4-Amino-2-[(methoxyamino)methyl]-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinolin-1-yl-
}methyl)cyclobutanol was prepared according to the general methods
of Part I of Example 9 using
1-{[4-amino-2-(chloromethyl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinolin-1-yl]methyl}cyclob-
utanol in lieu of
2-(chloromethyl)-1-isobutyl-6,7-dimethyl-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-4-amine
hydrochloride. The crude product was purified by HPFC eluting with
a gradient of 0-35% CMA in chloroform and then recrystallized from
acetonitrile to provide pure product as a white powder, mp
178.0-181.0.degree. C. Anal. Calcd for
C.sub.17H.sub.21N.sub.5O.sub.2 C, 62.37; H, 6.47; N, 21.39. Found:
C, 62.35; H, 6.51; N, 21.26.
Example 13
1-[(4-Amino-2-{[methoxy(methyl)amino]methyl}-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinolin-1-y-
l)methyl]cyclobutanol
##STR00079##
[0947]
1-[(4-Amino-2-{[methoxy(methyl)amino]methyl}-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quino-
lin-1-yl)methyl]cyclobutanol was prepared according to the general
methods of Part I of Example 9 using N,O-dimethyl hydroxylamine
hydrochloride in lieu of methoxylamine hydrochloride and using
1-{[4-amino-2-(chloromethyl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinolin-1-yl]methyl}cyclob-
utanol in lieu of
2-(chloromethyl)-1-isobutyl-6,7-dimethyl-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-4-amine
hydrochloride. The crude product was purified by HPFC eluting with
a gradient of 0-35% CMA in chloroform and then recrystallized from
acetonitrile to provide pure product as a white powder, mp
219.0-221.0.degree. C. Anal. Calcd for
C.sub.18H.sub.23N.sub.5O.sub.2 C, 63.32; H, 6.79; N, 20.51. Found:
C, 63.12; H, 6.56; N, 20.16.
Example 14
4-Amino-1-isobutyl-6,7-dimethyl-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridine-2-carbaldehyde
O-methyloxime
##STR00080##
[0948] Part A
[0949] Under a nitrogen atmosphere
{1-isobutyl-4-[(4-methoxybenzyl)amino]-6,7-dimethyl-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyri-
din-2-yl}methanol (2.00 g, 5.43 mmol, prepared as in Parts A-F of
Example 9) was dissolved in dichloromethane (20 mL) and
dimethylsulfoxide (10 mL). Triethylamine (2.27 mL, 16.3 mmol) was
added and the solution was cooled to 0.degree. C. Sulfur trioxide
pyridine complex (2.60 g, 16.3 mmol) was then added in four
portions and the solution was stirred at 0.degree. C. for another 2
hours. The solution was then poured into saturated aqueous ammonium
chloride (70 mL) and extracted with diethyl ether (3.times.80 mL).
The organics were washed with water (2.times.30 mL) and brine (20
mL), dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under
reduced pressure to give 1.84 g of
1-isobutyl-4-[(4-methoxybenzyl)amino]-6,7-dimethyl-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyrid-
ine-2-carbaldehyde as a yellow residue.
Part B
[0950] The material from part A was dissolved in methanol (50 mL),
and methoxylamine hydrochloride (0.63 g, 7.53 mmol) was added.
Sodium hydroxide (1.42 mL of a 6N solution, 8.54 mmol) was added
dropwise and the solution was stirred at room temperature over
night. Water (40 mL) was added and the solution was extracted with
chloroform (3.times.80 mL). The organics were washed with saturated
aqueous sodium bicarbonate (2.times.40 mL) and brine (30 mL), dried
over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced
pressure to give 1.90 g of
1-isobutyl-4-[(4-methoxybenzyl)amino]-6,7-dimethyl-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyrid-
ine-2-carbaldehyde O-methyloxime as a yellow oil.
Part C
[0951]
1-Isobutyl-4-[(4-methoxybenzyl)amino]-6,7-dimethyl-1H-imidazo[4,5-c-
]pyridine-2-carbaldehyde O-methyloxime (1.60 g, 4.05 mmol) was
dissolved in trifluoroacetic acid (16 mL) and stirred at room
temperature over night. The solvent was removed under reduced
pressure and concentrated hydrochloric acid (5 mL) was added, The
suspension was stirred for 2 hours, then dichloromethane was added
(10 mL) and the solution was cooled to 0.degree. C. Sodium
hydroxide (6N) was added until the solution was basic. More water
(20 mL) was added and the solution was extracted with
dichloromethane (2.times.100 mL). The organics were washed with
brine (30 mL), dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and
concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified
by HPFC eluting with a gradient of 0-30% CMA in chloroform and then
recrystallized from dichloromethane/hexanes. The solid was
triturated with 1N sodium hydroxide to provide 256 mg of pure
product as a white powder, mp 179.0-181.0.degree. C. Anal. Calcd
for C.sub.14H.sub.21N.sub.5O C, 61.07; H, 7.69; N, 25.43. Found: C,
61.16; H, 7.64; N, 25.69.
Example 15
1-(2-Hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)-2-{[methoxy(methyl)amino]methyl}-1H-imidazo[4-
,5-c]quinolin-4-amine
##STR00081##
[0953] Triethylamine (0.747 g, 1.03 mL, 7.38 mmol) and
N,O-dimethylhydroxylamine hydrochloride (0.480 g, 4.92 mmol) were
added to a stirring suspension of
2-chloromethyl-1-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinolin-4-a-
mine (0.750 g, 2.46 mmol) in DMF (5 mL). The resulting suspension
was heated to 50.degree. C. and stirred for 17 hours. The reaction
mixture was cooled to room temperature and poured into water (100
mL). A solid was removed by filtration and discarded. The filtrate
was extracted with ethyl acetate (3.times.100 mL). The combined
organic fractions were dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and
concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by
column chromatography using a HORIZON HPFC system (silica
cartridge, eluting with 5-20% methanol in dichloromethane). The
resulting oil was crystallized from dichloromethane and isolated by
filtration to yield 132 mg of
1-(2-Hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)-2-{[methoxy(methyl)amino]methyl}-1H-imidazo[-
4,5-c]quinolin-4-amine as a white solid, mp 220-222.degree. C.
[0954] Anal. calcd for C.sub.17H.sub.23N.sub.5O.sub.2: C, 61.99; H,
7.04; N, 21.26. Found: C, 61.97; H, 7.10; N, 21.38.
Example 16
1-(2-Hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)-2-{[methoxylamino]methyl}-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]qu-
inolin-4-amine; hydrochloride
##STR00082##
[0956] Triethylamine (1.49 g, 2.1 mL, 14.8 mmol) and methoxylamine
hydrochloride (0.822 g, 9.84 mmol) were added to a stirring
suspension of
2-chloromethyl-1-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinolin-4-a-
mine (1.50 g, 4.92 mmol) in DMF (10 mL). The resulting suspension
was heated to 50.degree. C. and stirred for 17 hours. The reaction
mixture was cooled to room temperature and poured into water (20
mL). The aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate (3.times.50
mL) and dichloromethane (3.times.50 mL). A significant amount of
the desired product remained in the aqueous layer thus the organic
fractions were combined with the aqueous fraction and concentrated
under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by column
chromatography using a HORIZON HPFC system (silica cartridge,
eluting with 10-25% methanol in dichloromethane) and triturated
with dichloromethane to provide 760 mg of
1-(2-Hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)-2-{[methoxylamino]methyl)}-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]-
quinolin-4-amine; hydrochloride as a tan solid, mp 255-257.degree.
C.
[0957] Anal. calcd for
C.sub.16H.sub.21N.sub.5O.sub.2.HCl.0.5H.sub.2O: C, 53.26; H, 6.42;
N, 19.41. Found: C, 53.57; H, 6.43; N, 19.34.
Example 17
2-[(Methoxyamino)methyl]-1-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-ylmethyl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-
-c]quinoline
##STR00083##
[0959]
2-(Chloromethyl)-1-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-ylmethyl)-1H-imidazo[4,5--
c]quinoline (prepared according to the method described in parts
A-C of Example 6 using 4-chloro-3-nitroquinoline in lieu of
7-(benzyloxy)-4-chloro-3-nitroquinoline) was converted to
2-[(methoxyamino)methyl]-1-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-ylmethyl)-1H-imidazo[4,-
5-c]quinoline using the method detailed in part E of Example 6. The
product was provided as 0.11 g of a light yellow glass, Mp
58-63.degree. C.
[0960] Anal. calcd for C.sub.18H.sub.22N.sub.4O.sub.2: C, 66.24; H,
6.79; N, 17.17. Found: C, 66.19; H, 6.60; N, 17.06.
Example 18
2-{[Methoxy(methyl)amino]methyl}-1-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-ylmethyl)-1H-imi-
dazo[4,5-c]quinoline
##STR00084##
[0962]
2-(Chloromethyl)-1-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-ylmethyl)-1H-imidazo[4,5--
c]quinoline (prepared according to the method described in parts
A-C of Example 6 using 4-chloro-3-nitroquinoline in lieu of
7-(benzyloxy)-4-chloro-3-nitroquinoline) was converted
2-{[methoxy(methyl)amino]methyl}-1-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-ylmethyl)-1H-im-
idazo[4,5-c]quinoline using the method detailed in Example 7. The
product was provided as 0.09 g of a white solid, mp 142-144.degree.
C.
[0963] Anal. calcd for C.sub.19H.sub.24N.sub.4O.sub.2: C, 67.04; H,
7.11; N, 16.46. Found: C, 67.16; H, 7.17; N, 16.49.
Example 19
2-[(Methoxyamino)methyl]-1-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-ylmethyl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-
-c]quinolin-4-amine
##STR00085##
[0965]
2-[(Methoxyamino)methyl]-1-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-ylmethyl)-1H-imid-
azo[4,5-c]quinolin-4-amine was prepared according to the methods
described in parts A-E of Example 6 using 4-chloro-3-nitroquinoline
in lieu of 7-(benzyloxy)-4-chloro-3-nitroquinoline. The product was
provided as 0.16 g of a yellow solid, mp 169-171.degree. C.
[0966] Anal. calcd for C.sub.18H.sub.23N.sub.5O.sub.2: C, 63.32; H,
6.79; N, 20.51. Found: C, 63.48; H, 6.62; N, 20.69.
Example 20
2-{[Methoxy(methyl)amino]methyl}-1-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-ylmethyl)-1H-imi-
dazo[4,5-c]quinolin-4-amine
##STR00086##
[0968]
2-(Chloromethyl)-1-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-ylmethyl)-1H-imidazo[4,5--
c]quinolin-4-amine (prepared according to the method described in
parts A-D of Example 6 using 4-chloro-3-nitroquinoline in lieu of
7-(benzyloxy)-4-chloro-3-nitroquinoline) was converted to
2-{[methoxy(methyl)amino]methyl}-1-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-ylmethyl)-1H-im-
idazo[4,5-c]quinolin-4-amine using the method detailed in Example
7. The product was provided as 0.16 g of a yellow solid, mp
223-226.degree. C.
[0969] Anal. calcd for C.sub.19H.sub.25N.sub.5O.sub.2: C, 64.20; H,
7.09; N, 19.70. Found: C, 64.08; H, 7.06; N, 19.74.
Example 21
1-{4-Amino-7-bromo-2-[(methoxyamino)methyl]-1H-imidazo[4,5-c][1,5]naphthyr-
idin-1-yl}-2-methylpropan-2-ol
##STR00087##
[0971]
1-{4-Amino-7-bromo-2-[(methoxyamino)methyl]-1H-imidazo[4,5-c][1,5]n-
aphthyridin-1-yl}-2-methylpropan-2-ol was prepared according to the
method described in Example 6, parts A-D, using
7-bromo-4-chloro-3-nitro[1,5]naphthyridine and
1-amino-2-methylpropan-2-ol in lieu of
7-(benzyloxy)-4-chloro-3-nitroquinoline and
1-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-ylmethanamine, respectively. The product
was provided as 0.58 g of a yellow solid, mp 167-168.degree. C.
[0972] Anal. calcd for C.sub.15H.sub.19BrN.sub.6O.sub.2: C, 45.58;
H, 4.85; N, 21.26. Found: C, 45.81; H, 4.72; N, 21.45.
Example 22
1-{4-Amino-2-[(methoxyamino)methyl]-7-(pyridin-3-yl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-c][1,5-
]naphthyridin-1-yl}-2-methylpropan-2-ol
##STR00088##
[0974] A stream of nitrogen was bubbled through a stirring
suspension of
1-{4-amino-7-bromo-2-[(methoxyamino)methyl]-1H-imidazo[4,5-c][1,5]naphthy-
ridin-1-yl}-2-methylpropan-2-ol (0.590 g, 1.49
mmol),3-pyridineboronic acid (0.220 g, 1.79 mmol), and potassium
carbonate (0.681 g, 4.93 mmol) in ethylene glycol dimethyl ether
(10 mL) and water (5 mL) in a pressure vessel for 5 minutes.
Dichlorobis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(III) (0.031 g, 0.045 mmol)
was added and nitrogen was bubbled through for an additional 5
minutes. The pressure vessel was capped and placed in a 110.degree.
C. oil bath for 10 minutes. The resulting solution was cooled to
ambient temperature and concentrated. The residue was purified by
column chromatography using a HORIZON HPFC system (silica
cartridge, eluting with 5-25% 1M ammonia/methanol in
dichloromethane). The resulting yellow solid was crystallized from
acetonitrile and isolated by filtration to yield 167 mg of
1-{4-amino-2-[(methoxyamino)methyl]-7-(pyridin-3-yl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-c][1,-
5]naphthyridin-1-yl}-2-methylpropan-2-ol as a light yellow solid,
mp 195-197.degree. C.
[0975] Anal. calcd for C.sub.20H.sub.23N.sub.7O.sub.2: C, 61.05; H,
5.89; N, 24.92. Found: C, 60.71; H, 5.91; N, 24.66.
Example 23
1-(4-Amino-7-bromo-2-{[methoxy(methyl)amino]methyl}-1H-imidazo[4,5-c][1,5]-
naphthyridin-1-yl)-2-methylpropan-2-ol
##STR00089##
[0977]
1-(4-Amino-7-bromo-2-{[methoxy(methyl)amino]methyl}-1H-imidazo[4,5--
c][1,5]naphthyridin-1-yl)-2-methylpropan-2-ol was prepared
according to the methods described in Example 6 parts A-D (using
7-bromo-4-chloro-3-nitro[1,5]naphthyridine and
1-amino-2-methylpropan-2-ol in lieu of
7-(benzyloxy)-4-chloro-3-nitroquinoline and
1-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-ylmethanamine, respectively) and Example 7.
The product was provided as 0.63 g of a white solid, mp
190-192.degree. C.
[0978] Anal. calcd for C.sub.16H.sub.21BrN.sub.6O.sub.2: C, 46.95;
H, 5.17; N, 20.53. Found: C, 47.10; H, 4.91; N, 20.70.
Example 24
1-(4-Amino-2-{[methoxy(methyl)amino]methyl}-7-(pyridin-3-yl)-1H-imidazo[4,-
5-c][1,5]naphthyridin-1-yl)-2-methylpropan-2-ol
##STR00090##
[0980]
1-(4-Amino-7-bromo-2-{[methoxy(methyl)amino]methyl}-1H-imidazo[4,5--
c][1,5]naphthyridin-1-yl)-2-methylpropan-2-ol was converted to
1-(4-amino-2-{[methoxy(methyl)amino]methyl}-7-(pyridin-3-yl)-1H-imidazo[4-
,5-c][1,5]naphthyridin-1-yl)-2-methylpropan-2-ol according to the
method described in Example 22. The product was provided as 0.23 g
of a tan solid, mp 187-189.degree. C.
[0981] Anal. calcd for C.sub.21H.sub.25N.sub.7O.sub.2: C, 61.90; H,
6.18; N, 24.06. Found: C, 62.02; H, 6.14; N, 24.37.
Exemplary Compounds
[0982] Certain exemplary compounds, including some of those
described above in the Examples; have the following Formulas (IIa,
IIIa, IVa, or Va) and the following R.sub.1 and R.sub.2
substituents, wherein each line of the table is matched with
Formula Ia, IIIa, IVa, or Va to represent a specific embodiment of
the invention.
TABLE-US-00001 IIa ##STR00091## IIIa ##STR00092## IVa ##STR00093##
Va ##STR00094## R.sub.1 R.sub.2 2-methylpropyl --CH.dbd.N--OH
2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl --CH.dbd.N--OH
2-methyl-2-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]propyl --CH.dbd.N--OH
4-{(methylsulfonyl)amino]butyl --CH.dbd.N--OH 2-methylpropyl
--CH.dbd.N--OCH.sub.3 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl
--CH.dbd.N--OCH.sub.3 2-methyl-2-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]propyl
--CH.dbd.N--OCH.sub.3 4-[(methylsu1fonyl)amino]butyl
--CH.dbd.N--OCH.sub.3 2-methylpropyl --CH.sub.2--NH--OH
2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl --CH.sub.2--NH--OH
2-methyl-2-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]propyl --CH.sub.2--NH--OH
4-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]butyl --CH.sub.2--NH--OH 2-methylpropyl
--CH.sub.2--N(CH.sub.3)--OH 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl
--CH.sub.2--N(CH.sub.3)--OH
2-methyl-2-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]propyl
--CH.sub.2--N(CH.sub.3)--OH 4-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]butyl
--CH.sub.2--N(CH.sub.3)--OH 2-methylpropyl
--CH.sub.2--NH--OCH.sub.3 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl
--CH.sub.2--NH--OCH.sub.3 2-methyl-2-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]propyl
--CH.sub.2--NH--OCH.sub.3 4-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]butyl
--CH.sub.2--NH--OCH.sub.3 2-methylpropyl
--CH.sub.2--N(CH.sub.3)--OCH.sub.3 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl
--CH.sub.2--N(CH.sub.3)--OCH.sub.3
2-methyl-2-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]propyl
--CH.sub.2--N(CH.sub.3)--OCH.sub.3 4-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]butyl
--CH.sub.2--N(CH.sub.3)--OCH.sub.3 2-methylpropyl
--CH.sub.2--N(--C(O)--CH.sub.3)--OH 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl
--CH.sub.2--N(--C(O)--CH.sub.3)--OH
2-methyl-2-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]propyl
--CH.sub.2--N(--C(O)--CH.sub.3)--OH 4-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]butyl
--CH.sub.2--N(--C(O)--CH.sub.3)--OH 2-methylpropyl
--CH.sub.2--N(--C(O)--CH.sub.3)--OCH.sub.3 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl
--CH.sub.2--N(--C(O)--CH.sub.3)--OCH.sub.3
2-methyl-2-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]propyl
--CH.sub.2--N(--C(O)--CH.sub.3)--OCH.sub.3
4-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]butyl
--CH.sub.2--N(--C(O)--CH.sub.3)--OCH.sub.3 2-methylpropyl
--CH.sub.2--N(--S(O).sub.2--CH.sub.3)--OH 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl
--CH.sub.2--N(--S(O).sub.2--CH.sub.3)--OH
2-methyl-2-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]propyl
--CH.sub.2--N(--S(O).sub.2--CH.sub.3)--OH
4-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]butyl
--CH.sub.2--N(--S(O).sub.2--CH.sub.3)--OH 2-methylpropyl
--CH.sub.2--N(--S(O).sub.2--CH.sub.3)--OCH.sub.3
2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl
--CH.sub.2--N(--S(O).sub.2--CH.sub.3)--OCH.sub.3
2-methyl-2-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]propyl
--CH.sub.2--N(--S(O).sub.2--CH.sub.3)--OCH.sub.3
4-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]butyl
--CH.sub.2--N(--S(O).sub.2--CH.sub.3)--OCH.sub.3 2-methylpropyl
--CH.sub.2--N(--C(O)--NH--CH.sub.3)--OH 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl
--CH.sub.2--N(--C(O)--NH--CH.sub.3)--OH
2-methyl-2-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]propyl
--CH.sub.2--N(--C(O)--NH--CH.sub.3)--OH
4-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]butyl
--CH.sub.2--N(--C(O)--NH--CH.sub.3)--OH 2-methylpropyl
--CH.sub.2--N(--C(O)--NH--CH.sub.3)--OCH.sub.3
2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl
--CH.sub.2--N(--C(O)--NH--CH.sub.3)--OCH.sub.3
2-methyl-2-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]propyl
--CH.sub.2--N(--C(O)--NH--CH.sub.3)--OCH.sub.3
4-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]butyl
--CH.sub.2--N(--C(O)--NH--CH.sub.3)--OCH.sub.3
[0983] Certain exemplary compounds, including some of those
described above in the Examples, have the following Formulas (IIa,
IIIa, IVa, or Va) and the following R.sub.1 and R.sub.2
substituents, wherein each line of the table is matched with
Formula IIa, IIIa, IVa, or Va to represent a specific embodiment of
the invention.
TABLE-US-00002 IIa ##STR00095## IIIa ##STR00096## IVa ##STR00097##
Va ##STR00098## R.sub.1 R.sub.2 (1-hydroxycyclobuyty)methyl
--CH.dbd.N--OH (1-hydroxycyclopentyl)methyl --CH.dbd.N--OH
(1-hydroxycyclohexyl)methyl --CH.dbd.N--OH
tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-ylmethyl --CH.dbd.N--OH
(1-hydroxycyclobutyl)methyl --CH.dbd.N--OCH.sub.3
(1-hydroxycyclopentyl)methyl --CH.dbd.N--OCH.sub.3
(1-hydroxycyclohexyl)methyl --CH.dbd.N--OCH.sub.3
tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-ylmethyl --CH.dbd.N--OCH.sub.3
(1-hydroxycyclobutyl)methyl --CH.sub.2--NH--OH
(1-hydroxycyclopentyl)methyl --CH.sub.2--NH--OH
(1-hydroxycyclohexyl)methyl --CH.sub.2--NH--OH
tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-ylmethyl --CH.sub.2--NH--OH
(1-hydroxycyclobutyl)methyl --CH.sub.2--N(CH.sub.3)--OH
(1-hydroxycyclopentyl)methyl --CH.sub.2--N(CH.sub.3)--OH
(1-hydroxycyclohexyl)methyl --CH.sub.2--N(CH.sub.3)--OH
tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-ylmethyl --CH.sub.2--N(CH.sub.3)--OH
(1-hydroxycyclobutyl)methyl --CH.sub.2--NH--OCH.sub.3
(1-hydroxycyclopentyl)methyl --CH.sub.2--NH--OCH.sub.3
(1-hydroxycyclohexyl)methyl --CH.sub.2--NH--OCH.sub.3
tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-ylmethyl --CH.sub.2--NH--OCH.sub.3
(1-hydroxycyclobutyl)methyl --CH.sub.2--N(CH.sub.3)--OCH.sub.3
(1-hydroxycyclopentyl)methyl --CH.sub.2--N(CH.sub.3)--OCH.sub.3
(1-hydroxycyclohexyl)methyl --CH.sub.2--N(CH.sub.3)--OCH.sub.3
tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-ylmethyl --CH.sub.2--N(CH.sub.3)--OCH.sub.3
(1-hydroxycyclobutyl)methyl --CH.sub.2--N(--C(O)--CH.sub.3)--OH
(1-hydroxycyclopentyl)methyl --CH.sub.2--N(--C(O)--CH.sub.3)--OH
(1-hydroxycyclohexyl)methyl --CH.sub.2--N(--C(O)--CH.sub.3)--OH
tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-ylmethyl --CH.sub.2--N(--C(O)--CH.sub.3)--OH
(1-hydroxycyclobutyl)methyl
--CH.sub.2--N(--C(O)--CH.sub.3)--OCH.sub.3
(1-hydroxycyclopentyl)methyl
--CH.sub.2--N(--C(O)--CH.sub.3)--OCH.sub.3
(1-hydroxycyclohexyl)methyl
--CH.sub.2--N(--C(O)--CH.sub.3)--OCH.sub.3
tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-ylmethyl
--CH.sub.2--N(--C(O)--CH.sub.3)--OCH.sub.3
(1-hydroxycyclobutyl)methyl
--CH.sub.2--N(--S(O).sub.2--CH.sub.3)--OH
(1-hydroxycyclopentyl)methyl
--CH.sub.2--N(--S(O).sub.2--CH.sub.3)--OH
(1-hydroxycyclohexyl)methyl
--CH.sub.2--N(--S(O).sub.2--CH.sub.3)--OH
tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-ylmethyl
--CH.sub.2--N(--S(O).sub.2--CH.sub.3)--OH
(1-hydroxycyclobutyl)methyl
--CH.sub.2--N(--S(O).sub.2--CH.sub.3)--OCH.sub.3
(1-hydroxycyclopentyl)methyl
--CH.sub.2--N(--S(O).sub.2--CH.sub.3)--OCH.sub.3
(1-hydroxycyclohexyl)methyl
--CH.sub.2--N(--S(O).sub.2--CH.sub.3)--OCH.sub.3
tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-ylmethyl
--CH.sub.2--N(--S(O).sub.2--CH.sub.3)--OCH.sub.3
(1-hydroxycyclobuytyl)methyl
--CH.sub.2--N(--C(O)--NH--CH.sub.3)--OH
(1-hydroxycyclopentyl)methyl
--CH.sub.2--N(--C(O)--NH--CH.sub.3)--OH (1-hydroxycyclohexyl)methyl
--CH.sub.2--N(--C(O)--NH--CH.sub.3)--OH
tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-ylmethyl
--CH.sub.2--N(--C(O)--NH--CH.sub.3)--OH (1-hydroxycyclobutyl)methyl
--CH.sub.2--N(--C(O)--NH--CH.sub.3)--OCH.sub.3
(1-hydroxycyclopentyl)methyl
--CH.sub.2--N(--C(O)--NH--CH.sub.3)--OCH.sub.3
(1-hydroxycyclohexyl)methyl
--CH.sub.2--N(--C(O)--NH--CH.sub.3)--OCH.sub.3
tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-ylmethyl
--CH.sub.2--N(--C(O)--NH--CH.sub.3)--OCH.sub.3
[0984] Certain exemplary compounds, including some of those
described above in the Examples, have the following Formulas (IIId,
or Vd) and the following R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 substituents, wherein
each line of the table is matched with Formula IIId or Vd to
represent a specific embodiment of the invention.
TABLE-US-00003 IIId ##STR00099## Vd ##STR00100## R.sub.1 R.sub.2
2-methylpropyl --CH.dbd.N--OH 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl
--CH.dbd.N--OH 2-methyl-2-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]propyl
--CH.dbd.N--OH 4-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]butyl --CH.dbd.N--OH
(1-hydroxycyclobutyl)methyl --CH.dbd.N--OH
(1-hydroxycyclopentyl)methyl --CH.dbd.N--OH
(1-hydroxycyclohexyl)methyl --CH.dbd.N--OH
tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-ylmethyl --CH.dbd.N--OH 2-methylpropyl
--CH.dbd.N--OCH.sub.3 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl
--CH.dbd.N--OCH.sub.3 2-methyl-2-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]propyl
--CH.dbd.N--OCH.sub.3 4-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]butyl
--CH.dbd.N--OCH.sub.3 (1-hydroxycyolobutyl)methyl
--CH.dbd.N--OCH.sub.3 (1-hydroxycyclopentyl)methyl
--CH.dbd.N--OCH.sub.3 (1-hydroxycyclohexyl)methyl
--CH.dbd.N--OCH.sub.3 tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-ylmethyl
--CH.dbd.N--OCH.sub.3 2-methylpropyl --CH.sub.2--NH--OH
2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl --CH.sub.2--NH--OH
2-methyl-2-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]propyl --CH.sub.2--NH--OH
4-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]butyl --CH.sub.2--NH--OH
(1-hydroxycyclobutyl)methyl --CH.sub.2--NH--OH
(1-hydroxycyclopentyl)methyl --CH.sub.2--NH--OH
(1-hydroxycyclohexyl)methyl --CH.sub.2--NH--OH
tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-ylmethyl --CH.sub.2--NH--OH 2-methylpropyl
--CH.sub.2--N(CH.sub.3)--OH 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl
--CH.sub.2--N(CH.sub.3)--OH
2-methyl-2-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]propyl
--CH.sub.2--N(CH.sub.3)--OH 4-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]butyl
--CH.sub.2--N(CH.sub.3)--OH (1-hydroxycyclobutyl)methyl
--CH.sub.2--N(CH.sub.3)--OH (1-hydroxycyclopentyl)methyl
--CH.sub.2--N(CH.sub.3)--OH (1-hydroxycyclohexyl)methyl
--CH.sub.2--N(CH.sub.3)--OH tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-ylmethyl
--CH.sub.2--N(CH.sub.3)--OH 2-methylpropyl
--CH.sub.2--NH--OCH.sub.3 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl
--CH.sub.2--NH--OCH.sub.3 2-methyl-2-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]propyl
--CH.sub.2--NH--OCH.sub.3 4-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]butyl
--CH.sub.2--NH--OCH.sub.3 (1-hydroxycyclobutyl)methyl
--CH.sub.2--NH--OCH.sub.3 (1-hydroxycyclopentyl)methyl
--CH.sub.2--NH--OCH.sub.3 (1-hydroxycyclohexyl)methyl
--CH.sub.2--NH--OCH.sub.3 tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-ylmethyl
--CH.sub.2--NH--OCH.sub.3 2-methylpropyl
--CH.sub.2--N(CH.sub.3)--OCH.sub.3 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl
--CH.sub.2--N(CH.sub.3)--OCH.sub.3
2-methyl-2-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]propyl
--CH.sub.2--N(CH.sub.3)--OCH.sub.3 4-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]butyl
--CH.sub.2--N(CH.sub.3)--OCH.sub.3 (1-hydroxycyclobutyl)methyl
--CH.sub.2--N(CH.sub.3)--OCH.sub.3 (1-hydroxycyclopentyl)methyl
--CH.sub.2--N(CH.sub.3)--OCH.sub.3 (1-hydroxycyclohexyl)methyl
--CH.sub.2--N(CH.sub.3)--OCH.sub.3 tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-ylmethyl
--CH.sub.2--N(CH.sub.3)--OCH.sub.3 2-methylpropyl
--CH.sub.2--N(--C(O)--CH.sub.3)--OH 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl
--CH.sub.2--N(--C(O)--CH.sub.3)--OH
2-methyl-2-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]propyl
--CH.sub.2--N(--C(O)--CH.sub.3)--OH 4-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]butyl
--CH.sub.2--N(--C(O)--CH.sub.3)--OH (1-hydroxycyclobutyl)methyl
--CH.sub.2--N(--C(O)--CH.sub.3)--OH (1-hydroxycyclopentyl)methyl
--CH.sub.2--N(--C(O)--CH.sub.3)--OH (1-hydroxycyclohexyl)methyl
--CH.sub.2--N(--C(O)--CH.sub.3)--OH tehydro-2H-pyran-4-ylmethyl
--CH.sub.2--N(--C(O)--CH.sub.3)--OH 2-methylpropyl
--CH.sub.2--N(--C(O)--CH.sub.3)--OCH.sub.3 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl
--CH.sub.2--N(--C(O)--CH.sub.3)--OCH.sub.3
2-methyl-2-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]propyl
--CH.sub.2--N(--C(O)--CH.sub.3)--OCH.sub.3
4-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]butyl
--CH.sub.2--N(--C(O)--CH.sub.3)--OCH.sub.3
(1-hydroxycyclobutyl)methyl
--CH.sub.2--N(--C(O)--CH.sub.3)--OCH.sub.3
(1-hydxoxycyclopentyl)methyl
--CH.sub.2--N(--C(O)--CH.sub.3)--OCH.sub.3
(1-hydroxycyclohexyl)methyl
--CH.sub.2--N(--C(O)--CH.sub.3)--OCH.sub.3
tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-ylmethyl
--CH.sub.2--N(--C(O)--CH.sub.3)--OCH.sub.3 2-methylpropyl
--CH.sub.2--N(--S(O).sub.2--CH.sub.3)--OH 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl
--CH.sub.2--N(--S(O).sub.2--CH.sub.3)--OH
2-methyl-2-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]propyl
--CH.sub.2--N(--S(O).sub.2--CH.sub.3)--OH
4-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]butyl
--CH.sub.2--N(--S(O).sub.2--CH.sub.3)--OH
(1-hydroxycyclobutyl)methyl
--CH.sub.2--N(--S(O).sub.2--CH.sub.3)--OH
(1-hydroxycyclopentyl)methyl
--CH.sub.2--N(--S(O).sub.2--CH.sub.3)--OH
(1-hydroxycyclohexyl)methyl
--CH.sub.2--N(--S(O).sub.2--CH.sub.3)--OH
tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-ylmethyl
--CH.sub.2--N(--S(O).sub.2--CH.sub.3)--OH 2-methylpropyl
--CH.sub.2--N(--S(O).sub.2--CH.sub.3)--OCH.sub.3
2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl
--CH.sub.2--N(--S(O).sub.2--CH.sub.3)--OCH.sub.3
2-methyl-2-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]propyl
--CH.sub.2--N(--S(O).sub.2--CH.sub.3)--OCH.sub.3
4-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]butyl
--CH.sub.2--N(--S(O).sub.2--CH.sub.3)--OCH.sub.3
(1-hyclroxycyclobutyl)methyl
--CH.sub.2--N(--S(O).sub.2--CH.sub.3)--OCH.sub.3
(1-hydroxycyclopentyl)methyl
--CH.sub.2--N(--S(O).sub.2--CH.sub.3)--OCH.sub.3
(1-hydroxycyclohexyl)methyl
--CH.sub.2--N(--S(O).sub.2--CH.sub.3)--OCH.sub.3
tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-ylmethyl
--CH.sub.2--N(--S(O).sub.2--CH.sub.3)--OCH.sub.3 2-methylpropyl
--CH.sub.2--N(--C(O)--NH--CH.sub.3)--OH 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl
--CH.sub.2--N(--C(O)--NH--CH.sub.3)--OH
2-methyl-2-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]propyl
--CH.sub.2--N(--C(O)--NH--CH.sub.3)--OH
4-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]butyl
--CH.sub.2--N(--C(O)--NH--CH.sub.3)--OH (1-hydroxycyclobutyl)methyl
--CH.sub.2--N(--C(O)--NH--CH.sub.3)--OH
(1-hydroxycyclopentyl)methyl
--CH.sub.2--N(--C(O)--NH--CH.sub.3)--OH (1-hydroxycyclohexyl)methyl
--CH.sub.2--N(--C(O)--NH--CH.sub.3)--OH
tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-ylmethyl
--CH.sub.2--N(--C(O)--NH--CH.sub.3)--OH 2-methylpropyl
--CH.sub.2--N(--C(O)--NH--CH.sub.3)--OCH.sub.3
2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl
--CH.sub.2--N(--C(O)--NH--CH.sub.3)--OCH.sub.3
2-methyl-2-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]propyl
--CH.sub.2--N(--C(O)--NH--CH.sub.3)--OCH.sub.3
4-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]butyl
--CH.sub.2--N(--C(O)--NH--CH.sub.3)--OCH.sub.3
(1-hydroxycyclobutyl)methyl
--CH.sub.2--N(--C(O)--NH--CH.sub.3)--OCH.sub.3
(1-hydroxycyclopentyl)methyl
--CH.sub.2--N(--C(O)--NH--CH.sub.3)--OCH.sub.3
(1-hydroxycyclohexyl)methyl
--CH.sub.2--N(--C(O)--NH--CH.sub.3)--OCH.sub.3
tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-ylmethyl
--CH.sub.2--N(--C(O)--NH--CH.sub.3)--OCH.sub.3
[0985] Compounds of the invention have been found to modulate
cytokine biosynthesis by inducing the production of interferon
.alpha. and/or tumor necrosis factor .alpha. in human cells when
tested using one of the methods described below.
Cytokine Induction in Human Cells
[0986] An in vitro human blood cell system is used to assess
cytokine induction. Activity is based on the measurement of
interferon (.alpha.) and tumor necrosis factor (.alpha.)
(IFN-.alpha. and TNF-.alpha., respectively) secreted into culture
media as described by Testerman et al. in "Cytokine Induction by
the Immunomodulators Imiquimod and S-27609," Journal of Leukocyte
Biology, 58, 365-372 (September, 1995).
Blood Cell Preparation for Culture
[0987] Whole blood from healthy human donors is collected by
venipuncture into vacutainer tubes or syringes containing EDTA.
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) are separated from whole
blood by density gradient centrifugation using HISTOPAQUE-1077
(Sigma, St. Louis, Mo.) or Ficoll-Paque Plus (Amersham Biosciences
Piscataway, N.J.). Blood is diluted 1:1 with Dulbecco's Phosphate
Buffered Saline (DPBS) or Hank's Balanced Salts Solution (HBSS).
Alternately, whole blood is placed in Accuspin (Sigma) or LeucoSep
(Greiner Bio-One, Inc., Longwood, Fla.) centrifuge frit tubes
containing density gradient medium. The PBMC layer is collected and
washed twice with DPBS or HBSS and re-suspended at 4.times.10.sup.6
cells/mL in RPMI complete. The PBMC suspension is added to 96 well
flat bottom sterile tissue culture plates containing an equal
volume of RPMI complete media containing test compound.
Compound Preparation
[0988] The compounds are solubilized in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO).
The DMSO concentration should not exceed a final concentration of
1% for addition to the culture wells. The compounds are generally
tested at concentrations ranging from 30-0.014 .mu.M. Controls
include cell samples with media only, cell samples with DMSO only
(no compound), and cell samples with reference compound.
Incubation
[0989] The solution of test compound is added at 60 .mu.M to the
first well containing RPMI complete and serial 3 fold dilutions are
made in the wells. The PBMC suspension is then added to the wells
in an equal volume, bringing the test compound concentrations to
the desired range (usually 30-0.014 .mu.M). The final concentration
of PBMC suspension is 2.times.10.sup.6 cells/mL. The plates are
covered with sterile plastic lids, mixed gently and then incubated
for 18 hours to 24 hours at 37.degree. C. in a 5% carbon dioxide
atmosphere.
Separation
[0990] Following incubation the plates are centrifuged for 10
minutes at 1000 rpm (approximately 200.times.g) at 4.degree. C. The
cell-free culture supernatant is removed and transferred to sterile
polypropylene tubes. Samples are maintained at -30.degree. C. to
-70.degree. C. until analysis. The samples are analyzed for
IFN-.alpha. by ELISA and for TNF-.alpha. by IGEN/BioVeris
Assay.
Interferon (.alpha.) and Tumor Necrosis Factor (.alpha.)
Analysis
[0991] IFN-.alpha. concentration is determined with a human
multi-subtype colorimetric sandwich ELISA (Catalog Number 41105)
from PBL Biomedical Laboratories, Piscataway, N.J. Results are
expressed in pg/mL.
[0992] The TNF-.alpha. concentration is determined by ORIGEN
M-Series Immunoassay and read on an IGEN M-8 analyzer from BioVeris
Corporation, formerly known as IGEN International, Gaithersburg,
Md. The immunoassay uses a human TNF-.alpha. capture and detection
antibody pair (Catalog Numbers AHC3419 and AEC3712) from Biosource
International, Camarillo, Calif. Results are expressed in
pg/mL.
Assay Data and Analysis
[0993] In total, the data output of the assay consists of
concentration values of TNF-.alpha. and IFN-.alpha. (y-axis) as a
function of compound concentration (x-axis).
[0994] Analysis of the data has two steps. First, the greater of
the mean DMSO (DMSO control wells) or the experimental background
(usually 20 pg/mL for IFN-.alpha. and 40 pg/mL for TNF-.alpha.) is
subtracted from each reading. If any negative values result from
background subtraction, the reading is reported as "*", and is
noted as not reliably detectable. In subsequent calculations and
statistics, "*", is treated as a zero. Second, all background
subtracted values are multiplied by a single adjustment ratio to
decrease experiment to experiment variability. The adjustment ratio
is the area of the reference compound in the new experiment divided
by the expected area of the reference compound based on the past 61
experiments (unadjusted readings). This results in the scaling of
the reading (y-axis) for the new data without changing the shape of
the dose-response curve. The reference compound used is
2-[4-amino-2-ethoxymethyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-.alpha.,.alpha.-dimethyl-1H--
imidazo[4,5-c]quinolin-1-yl]ethanol hydrate (U.S. Pat. No.
5,352,784; Example 91) and the expected area is the sum of the
median dose values from the past 61 experiments.
[0995] The minimum effective concentration is calculated based on
the background-subtracted, reference-adjusted results for a given
experiment and compound. The minimum effective concentration
(.mu.molar) is the lowest of the tested compound concentrations
that induces a response over a fixed cytokine concentration for the
tested cytokine (usually 20 pg/mL for IFN-.alpha. and 40 pg/mL for
TNF-.alpha.). The maximal response is the maximal amount of
cytokine (pg/ml) produced in the dose-response.
Cytokine Induction in Human Cells
High Throughput Screen
[0996] The CYTOKINE INDUCTION IN HUMAN CELLS test method described
above was modified as follows for high throughput screening.
Blood Cell Preparation for Culture
[0997] Whole blood from healthy human donors is collected by
venipuncture into vacutainer tubes or syringes containing EDTA.
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) are separated from whole
blood by density gradient centrifugation using HISTOPAQUE-1077
(Sigma, St. Louis, Mo.) or Ficoll-Paque Plus (Amersham Biosciences
Piscataway, N.J.). Whole blood is placed in Accuspin (Sigma) or
LeucoSep (Greiner Bio-One, Inc., Longwood, Fla.) centrifuge frit
tubes containing density gradient medium. The PBMC layer is
collected and washed twice with DPBS or HBSS and re-suspended at
4.times.10.sup.6 cells/mL in RPMI complete (2-fold the final cell
density). The PBMC suspension is added to 96-well flat bottom
sterile tissue culture plates.
Compound Preparation
[0998] The compounds are solubilized in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO).
The compounds are generally tested at concentrations ranging from
30-0.014 .mu.M. Controls include cell samples with media only, cell
samples with DMSO only (no compound), and cell samples with a
reference compound
2-[4-amino-2-ethoxymethyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-.alpha.,.alpha.-dimethyl-1H--
imidazo[4,5-c]quinolin-1-yl]ethanol hydrate (U.S. Pat. No.
5,352,784; Example 91) on each plate. The solution of test compound
is added at 7.5 mM to the first well of a dosing plate and serial 3
fold dilutions are made for the 7 subsequent concentrations in
DMSO. RPMI Complete media is then added to the test compound
dilutions in order to reach a final compound concentration of
2-fold higher (60-0.028 .mu.M) than the final tested concentration
range.
Incubation
[0999] Compound solution is then added to the wells containing the
PBMC suspension bringing the test compound concentrations to the
desired range (usually 30 .mu.M-0.014 .mu.M) and the DMSO
concentration to 0.4%. The final concentration of PBMC suspension
is 2.times.10.sup.6 cells/mL. The plates are covered with sterile
plastic lids, mixed gently and then incubated for 18 to 24 hours at
37.degree. C. in a 5% carbon dioxide atmosphere.
Separation
[1000] Following incubation the plates are centrifuged for 10
minutes at 1000 rpm (approximately 200 g) at 4.degree. C. 4-plex
Human Panel MSD MULTI-SPOT 96-well plates are pre-coated with the
appropriate capture antibodies by MesoScale Discovery, Inc. (MSD,
Gaithersburg, Md.). The cell-free culture supernatants are removed
and transferred to the MSD plates. Fresh samples are typically
tested, although they may be maintained at -30.degree. C. to
-70.degree. C. until analysis.
Interferon-.alpha. and Tumor Necrosis Factor-.alpha. Analysis
[1001] MSD MULTI-SPOT plates contain within each well capture
antibodies for human TNF-.alpha. and human IFN-.alpha. that have
been pre-coated on specific spots. Each well contains four spots:
one human TNF-.alpha. capture antibody (MSD) spot, one human
IFN-.alpha. a capture antibody (PBL Biomedical Laboratories,
Piscataway, N.J.) spot, and two inactive bovine serum albumin
spots. The human TNF-.alpha. capture and detection antibody pair is
from MesoScale Discovery. The human IFN-.alpha. multi-subtype
antibody (PBL Biomedical Laboratories) captures all IFN-.alpha.
subtypes except IFN-.alpha. F (IFNA21). Standards consist of
recombinant human TNF-.alpha. (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, Minn.)
and IFN-.alpha. (PBL Biomedical Laboratories). Samples and separate
standards are added at the time of analysis to each MSD plate. Two
human IFN-.alpha. detection antibodies (Cat. Nos. 21112 &
21100, PBL) are used in a two to one ratio (weight:weight) to each
other to determine the IFN-.alpha. concentrations. The
cytokine-specific detection antibodies are labeled with the
SULFO-TAG reagent (MSD). After adding the SULFO-TAG labeled
detection antibodies to the wells, each well's
electrochemoluminescent levels are read using MSD's SECTOR HTS
READER. Results are expressed in pg/mL upon calculation with known
cytokine standards.
Assay Data and Analysis
[1002] In total, the data output of the assay consists of
concentration values of TNF-.alpha. or IFN-.alpha. (y-axis) as a
function of compound concentration (x-axis).
[1003] A plate-wise scaling is performed within a given experiment
aimed at reducing plate-to-plate variability associated within the
same experiment. First, the greater of the median DMSO (DMSO
control wells) or the experimental background (usually 20 pg/mL for
IFN-.alpha. and 40 pg/mL for TNF-.alpha.) is subtracted from each
reading. Negative values that may result from background
subtraction are set to zero. Each plate within a given experiment
has a reference compound that serves as a control. This control is
used to calculate a median expected area under the curve across all
plates in the assay. A plate-wise scaling factor is calculated for
each plate as a ratio of the area of the reference compound on the
particular plate to the median expected area for the entire
experiment. The data from each plate are then multiplied by the
plate-wise scaling factor for all plates. Only data from plates
bearing a scaling factor of between 0.5 and 2.0 (for both cytokines
IFN-.alpha., TNF-.alpha.) are reported. Data from plates with
scaling factors outside the above-mentioned interval are retested
until they bear scaling factors inside the above mentioned
interval. The above method produces a scaling of the y-values
without altering the shape of the curve. The reference compound
used is
2-[4-amino-2-ethoxymethyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-.alpha.,.alpha.-dimethyl-1H--
imidazo[4,5-c]quinolin-1-yl]ethanol hydrate (U.S. Pat. No.
5,352,784; Example 91). The median expected area is the median area
across all plates that are part of a given experiment.
[1004] A second scaling may also be performed to reduce
inter-experiment variability (across multiple experiments). All
background-subtracted values are multiplied by a single adjustment
ratio to decrease experiment-to-experiment variability. The
adjustment ratio is the area of the reference compound in the new
experiment divided by the expected area of the reference compound
based on an average of previous experiments (unadjusted readings).
This results in the scaling of the reading (y-axis) for the new
data without changing the shape of the dose-response curve. The
reference compound used is
2-[4-amino-2-ethoxymethyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-.alpha.,.alpha.-dimethyl-1H--
imidazo[4,5-c]quinolin-1-yl]ethanol hydrate (U.S. Pat. No.
5,352,784; Example 91) and the expected area is the sum of the
median dose values from an average of previous experiments.
[1005] The minimum effective concentration is calculated based on
the background-subtracted, reference-adjusted results for a given
experiment and compound. The minimum effective concentration (1
molar) is the lowest of the tested compound concentrations that
induces a response over a fixed cytokine concentration for the
tested cytokine (usually 20 pg/mL for IFN-.alpha. and 40 pg/mL for
TNF-.alpha.). The maximal response is the maximal amount of
cytokine (pg/ml) produced in the dose-response,
[1006] The complete disclosures of the patents, patent documents,
and publications cited herein are incorporated by reference in
their entirety as if each were individually incorporated. Various
modifications and alterations to this invention will become
apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the
scope and spirit of this invention. It should be understood that
this invention is not intended to be unduly limited by the
illustrative embodiments and examples set forth herein and that
such examples and embodiments are presented by way of example only
with the scope of the invention intended to be limited only by the
claims set forth herein as follows.
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