U.S. patent application number 12/196697 was filed with the patent office on 2009-03-05 for synergistic herbicidal composition containing certain pyridine or pyrimidine carboxylic acids and certain cereal and rice herbicides.
This patent application is currently assigned to Dow AgroSciences LLC. Invention is credited to Norbert M. Satchivi, Paul R. Schmitzer, Terry R. Wright, Carla N. Yerkes.
Application Number | 20090062121 12/196697 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 40119294 |
Filed Date | 2009-03-05 |
United States Patent
Application |
20090062121 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Satchivi; Norbert M. ; et
al. |
March 5, 2009 |
SYNERGISTIC HERBICIDAL COMPOSITION CONTAINING CERTAIN PYRIDINE OR
PYRIMIDINE CARBOXYLIC ACIDS AND CERTAIN CEREAL AND RICE
HERBICIDES
Abstract
An herbicidal composition containing (a) a pyridine or
pyrimidine carboxylic acid component and (b) a second cereal or
rice herbicide component provides synergistic control of selected
weeds.
Inventors: |
Satchivi; Norbert M.;
(Westfield, IN) ; Schmitzer; Paul R.;
(Indianapolis, IN) ; Yerkes; Carla N.;
(Crawfordsville, IN) ; Wright; Terry R.;
(Westfield, IN) |
Correspondence
Address: |
DOW AGROSCIENCES LLC
9330 ZIONSVILLE RD
INDIANAPOLIS
IN
46268
US
|
Assignee: |
Dow AgroSciences LLC
Indianapolis
IN
|
Family ID: |
40119294 |
Appl. No.: |
12/196697 |
Filed: |
August 22, 2008 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
60966340 |
Aug 27, 2007 |
|
|
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
504/105 ;
504/130 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A01N 43/40 20130101;
A01N 43/54 20130101; A01N 43/54 20130101; A01N 43/42 20130101; A01N
43/50 20130101; A01N 43/58 20130101; C07D 213/79 20130101; A01N
43/653 20130101; A01N 43/56 20130101; A01N 43/40 20130101; A01N
47/36 20130101; A01N 43/82 20130101; A01N 43/54 20130101; A01N
43/90 20130101; A01N 43/40 20130101; A01N 33/12 20130101; A01N
43/76 20130101; A01N 47/36 20130101; A01N 43/42 20130101; A01N
39/04 20130101; A01N 43/56 20130101; A01N 43/80 20130101; A01N
47/12 20130101; A01N 37/40 20130101; A01N 57/20 20130101; A01N
39/02 20130101; A01N 43/76 20130101; A01N 25/32 20130101; A01N
43/70 20130101; A01N 41/10 20130101; A01N 39/02 20130101; A01N
43/90 20130101; A01N 43/88 20130101; A01N 47/30 20130101; A01N
47/30 20130101; A01N 43/40 20130101; A01N 43/50 20130101; A01N
43/54 20130101; A01N 43/70 20130101; A01N 47/38 20130101; A01N
43/58 20130101; A01N 2300/00 20130101; A01N 37/22 20130101; A01N
43/80 20130101; A01N 25/32 20130101; A01N 37/38 20130101; A01N
43/653 20130101; A01N 35/10 20130101; A01N 47/12 20130101; A01N
43/653 20130101; A01N 37/40 20130101; A01N 43/38 20130101; A01N
47/30 20130101; A01N 43/54 20130101; A01N 39/04 20130101; A01N
47/38 20130101; A01N 43/82 20130101; A01N 47/34 20130101; A01N
2300/00 20130101; A01N 43/58 20130101; A01N 43/42 20130101; A01N
43/82 20130101; A01N 43/50 20130101; A01N 43/88 20130101; A01N
43/38 20130101; A01N 43/56 20130101; A01N 37/22 20130101; A01N
47/36 20130101; A01N 43/90 20130101; A01N 37/38 20130101; A01N
35/10 20130101; A01N 43/88 20130101; A01N 41/10 20130101; A01N
57/20 20130101; A01N 33/12 20130101; A01N 47/34 20130101; A01N
43/40 20130101; A01N 43/707 20130101; A01N 47/38 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
504/105 ;
504/130 |
International
Class: |
A01N 43/40 20060101
A01N043/40; A01N 43/54 20060101 A01N043/54; A01N 25/32 20060101
A01N025/32; A01P 13/00 20060101 A01P013/00 |
Claims
1. A synergistic herbicidal mixture comprising an herbicidally
effective amount of (a) a first herbicide selected from the group
of a pyridine or a pyrimidine carboxylic acid of the formula (I)
##STR00002## wherein X represents CH or N, hal represents F, Cl or
Br, and R represents methyl or ethyl, and agriculturally acceptable
salts, esters and amides of the carboxylic acid, and (b) a second
herbicide selected from the group consisting of amidosulfuron,
aminopyralid, beflubutamid, bensulfuron, bentazone, bispyribac,
bromoxynil, carfentrazone, chlormequat, chlorotoluron,
chlorsulfuron, clodinafop, clomazone, cyhalofop, dicamba,
dichlorprop, diflufenican, diflufenzopyr, fenoxaprop, florasulam,
flucarbazone, flufenacet, flupyrsulfuron, glyphosate, halosulfuron,
imazamethabenz, imazamox, imazethapyr, indol-3-ylacetic acid,
4-indol-3-ylbutyric acid, iodosulfuron, isoproturon, isoxaben,
MCPA, mesosulfuron, metribuzin, metsulfuron, norflurazon,
penoxsulam, picolinafen, pinoxaden, propanil, propoxycarbazone,
prosulfocarb, pyrasulfotole, pyrazosulfuron, pyriclor, pyroxsulam,
quinclorac, sulcotrione, sulfosulfuron, thifensulfuron,
tralkoxydim, tribenuron, triclopyr and mixtures thereof.
2. The mixture of claim 1 in which, for the compound of Formula I,
X represents CH or N, hal represents F or Cl and R represents
methyl.
3. The mixture of claim 1 in which the pyridine or pyrimidine
carboxylic acid of the formula (I) is a
4-amino-3-chloro-6-(4-chloro-2-fluoro-3-methoxy-phenyl)pyridine-2-carboxy-
lic acid derivative.
4. The mixture of claim 1 additionally comprising an herbicide
safener.
5. The mixture of claim 4 in which the herbicide safener is
cloquintocet mexyl.
6. The mixture of claim 4 in which the herbicide safener is
mefenpyr-diethyl.
7. The mixture of claim 1 in which the weight ratio of the pyridine
or pyrimidine carboxylic acid of formula (I) component to the
second herbicide component is between about 5:1 and about
1:256.
8. An herbicidal composition comprising an herbicidally effective
amount of the herbicidal mixture of claim 1 and an agriculturally
acceptable adjuvant or carrier.
9. A method of controlling undesirable vegetation which comprises
contacting the vegetation or the locus thereof with or applying to
the soil or water to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation
an herbicidally effective amount the herbicidal mixture of claim
1.
10. A method of claim 9 for controlling undesirable vegetation in
cereals which comprises contacting the vegetation or the locus
thereof with or applying to the soil to prevent the emergence of
vegetation an herbicidally effective amount the herbicidal mixture
comprising an herbicidally effective amount of (a) a first
herbicide selected from the group of a pyridine or a pyrimidine
carboxylic acid of the formula (I) ##STR00003## wherein X
represents CH or N, hal represents F, Cl or Br, and R represents
methyl or ethyl, and agriculturally acceptable salts, esters and
amides of the carboxylic acid, and (b) a second herbicide selected
from the group consisting of amidosulfuron, aminopyralid,
beflubutamid, bentazone, bromoxynil, chlormequat, chlorotoluron,
chlorsulfuron, clodinafop, dicamba, dichlorprop, diflufenican,
fenoxaprop, florasulam, flucarbazone, flufenacet, flupyrsulfuron,
glyphosate, imazamethabenz, indol-3-ylacetic acid,
4-indol-3-ylbutyric acid, iodosulfuron, isoproturon, isoxaben,
MCPA, mesosulfuron, metribuzin, metsulfuron, picolinafen,
pinoxaden, propoxycarbazone, prosulfocarb, pyroxsulam,
pyrasulfotole, quinclorac, sulfosulfuron, thifensulfuron,
tralkoxydim, tribenuron and mixtures thereof.
11. A method of claim 9 for controlling undesirable vegetation in
rice which comprises contacting the vegetation or the locus thereof
with or applying to the soil or water to prevent the emergence or
growth of vegetation an herbicidally effective amount the
herbicidal mixture comprising an herbicidally effective amount of
(a) a first herbicide selected from the group of a pyridine
carboxylic acid of the formula (I) ##STR00004## wherein hal
represents F, Cl or Br, and R represents methyl or ethyl, and
agriculturally acceptable salts, esters and amides of the
carboxylic acid, and (b) a second herbicide selected from the group
consisting of bensulfuron, bispyribac, carfentrazone, clomazone,
cyhalofop, diflufenzopyr, fenoxaprop, glyphosate, halosulfuron,
imazamox, imazethapyr, MCPA, norflurazon, penoxsulam, propanil,
pyrazosulfuron, pyriclor, quinclorac, sulcotrione, triclopyr and
mixtures thereof.
Description
[0001] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional
Application 60/966,340 filed Aug. 27, 2007.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0002] This invention concerns a synergistic herbicidal composition
containing (a) an herbicidal pyridine or pyrimidine carboxylic acid
component and (b) a cereal or rice herbicide component.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0003] The protection of crops from weeds and other vegetation
which inhibit crop growth is a constantly recurring problem in
agriculture. To help combat this problem, researchers in the field
of synthetic chemistry have produced an extensive variety of
chemicals and chemical formulations effective in the control of
such unwanted growth. Chemical herbicides of many types have been
disclosed in the literature and a large number are in commercial
use.
[0004] In some cases, herbicidal active ingredients have been shown
to be more effective in combination than when applied individually
and this is referred to as "synergism." As described in the
Herbicide Handbook of the Weed Science Society of America, Seventh
Edition, 1994, p. 318, "`synergism` [is] an interaction of two or
more factors such that the effect when combined is greater than the
predicted effect based on the response of each factor applied
separately." The present invention is based on the discovery that
certain cereal or rice herbicides and certain pyridine or
pyrimidine carboxylic acids, already known individually for their
herbicidal efficacy, display a synergistic effect when applied in
combination.
[0005] The herbicidal compounds forming the synergistic composition
of this invention are independently known in the art for their
effects on plant growth.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0006] The present invention concerns a synergistic herbicidal
mixture comprising an herbicidally effective amount of (a) a first
herbicide selected from the group of a pyridine or a pyrimidine
carboxylic acid of the formula (I)
##STR00001## [0007] wherein X represents CH or N, hal represents F,
Cl or Br, and R represents methyl or ethyl, and agriculturally
acceptable salts, esters and amides of the carboxylic acid, and (b)
a second herbicide selected from the group consisting of
amidosulfuron, aminopyralid, beflubutamid, bensulfuron, bentazone,
bispyribac, bromoxynil, carfentrazone, chlormequat, chlorsulfuron,
chlorotoluron, clodinafop, clomazone, cyhalofop, dicamba,
dichlorprop, diflufenican, diflufenzopyr, fenoxaprop, florasulam,
flucarbazone, flufenacet, flupyrsulfuron, halosulfuron,
indol-3-ylacetic acid, 4-indol-3-ylbutyric acid, imazamethabenz,
imazamox, imazethapyr, iodosulfuron, isoproturon, isoxaben, MCPA,
mesosulfuron, metribuzin, metsulfuron, norflurazon, penoxsulam,
picolinafen, pinoxaden, propanil, propoxycarbazone, prosulfocarb,
pyrasulfotole, pyrazosulfuron, pyriclor, pyroxsulam, quinclorac,
sulcotrione, sulfosulfuron, thifensulfuron, tralkoxydim,
tribenuron, triclopyr and mixtures thereof. The compositions may
also contain an agriculturally acceptable adjuvant or carrier. The
synergistic compositions may also generally be employed in
combination with known herbicide safeners, particularly with
cloquintocet mexyl.
[0008] Compounds of formula (I) in which X represents CH or N, hal
represents F or Cl, and R represents methyl are independently
preferred.
[0009] The present invention also concerns herbicidal compositions
for and methods of controlling the growth of undesirable
vegetation, particularly in wheat, rye, barley, oats, triticale and
rice, and the use of these synergistic compositions.
[0010] The species spectra of the compounds of the synergistic
mixture, i.e., the weed species which the respective compounds
control, are broad and highly complimentary. For example, it has
been surprisingly found that a combination of diflufenican,
optionally with flufenacet, and a pyridine or pyrimidine carboxylic
acid of the formula (I) exhibits a synergistic action in the
control of blackgrass (Alopecurus myosuroides L; ALOMY), windgrass
(Apera spica-venti L; APESV), wild oats (Avena fatua L; AVEFA),
annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L; LOLMG), lamb's-quarters
(Chenopodium album L; CHEAL), wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis L
SINAR), chickweed (Stellaria media L; STEME), scented mayweed
(Matricaria chamomila L; MATCH) at application rates lower than the
rates of the individual compounds.
[0011] It has also been surprisingly found that a mixture of an
acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase-inhibiting herbicide such as
clodinafop, fenoxaprop-P, pinoxaden or tralkoxydim, and a pyridine
or pyrimidine carboxylic acid of the formula (I) exhibits a
synergistic action in control of blackgrass (Alopecurus myosuroides
L; ALOMY), windgrass (Apera spica-venti L; APESV), wild oats (Avena
fatua L; AVEFA), annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L; LOLMG),
littleseed Canarygrass (Phalaris minor L; PHAMI) at application
rates lower than the rates of the individual compounds.
[0012] The mixtures of an acetolactate synthase-inhibitor herbicide
such as flupyrsulfuron, iodosulfuron, mesosulfuron, mesosulfuron
plus iodosulfuron or sulfosulfuron of the sulfonylureas class;
imazamethabenz of the imidazolinones class; propoxycarbazone of the
sulfonylaminocarbonyltriazolinones class; pyroxsulam of the
triazolopyrimidine class; and a pyridine or pyrimidine carboxylic
acid of the formula (I) unexpectedly exhibit a synergistic action
in control of blackgrass (Alopecurus myosuroides L; ALOMY),
windgrass (Apera spica-venti L; APESV), wild oats (Avena fatua L;
AVEFA), downy brome (Bromus tectorum L; BROTE), annual ryegrass
(Lolium multiflorum L; LOLMG), Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum
L; LOLMU), rigid ryegrass (Lolium rigidum L; LOLRI), littleseed
Canarygrass (Phalaris minor L; PHAMI), yellow foxtail (Pennisetum
americanum L; PESGL), annual bluegrass (Poa annua L; POAAN), green
foxtail (Setaria viridis L; SETVI) at application rates lower than
the rates of the individual compounds.
[0013] It has also been unexpectedly found that the mixture of an
acetolactate synthase inhibiting herbicide such as amidosulfuron,
chlorsulfuron, flupyrsulfuron, iodosulfuron, mesosulfuron,
mesosulfuron plus iodosulfuron, metsulfuron, sulfosulfuron,
thifensulfuron or tribenuron of the sulfonylureas class;
propoxycarbazone or flucarbazone of the
sulfonylaminocarbonyl-triazolinone class; imazamethabenz of the
imidazolinones class; florasulam or pyroxsulam of the
triazolopyrimidines class; and a pyridine or pyrimidine carboxylic
acid of the formula (I) shows a synergistic action in control of
canola (Brassica napus L; BRSNN), Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense
L; CIRAR), chickweed (Stellaria media L; STEME), scented mayweed
(Matricaria chamomila L; MATCH), bird's-eye speedwell (Veronica
persica L; VERPE), wild pansy (Viola tricolor L; VIOTR),
lady's-thumb (Polygonum persicaria L; POLPE), kochia (Kochia
scoparia L; KCHSC) at application rates lower than the rates of the
individual compounds.
[0014] The combination of a phytoene desaturase-inhibiting
herbicide such as beflubutamid or picolinafen, and a pyridine or
pyrimidine carboxylic acid of the formula (I) has resulted in an
unexpected synergistic action in the control of kochia (Kochia
scoparia L; KCHSC), wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis L; SINAR),
ivy-leaved speedwell (Veronica hederifolia L; VERHE), bird's-eye
speedwell (Veronica persica L; VERPE), wild pansy (Viola tricolor
L; VIOTR), black mustard (Brassica nigra L; BRSNI), cut-leaf
geranium (Geranium dissectum L; GERDI), wild buckwheat (Polygonum
convolvulus L; POLCO), lady's-thumb (Polygonum persicaria L;
POLPE), chickweed (Stellaria media L; STEME) at application rates
lower than the rates of the individual compounds.
[0015] Surprisingly, the combinations of photosystem II-inhibiting
herbicides such as bentazone, bromoxynil, chlorotoluron,
isoproturon or metribuzin, and a pyridine or pyrimidine carboxylic
acid of the formula (I) show a synergistic action in control of
black mustard (Brassica nigra L; BRSNI), wild buckwheat (Polygonum
convolvulus L; POLCO), chickweed (Stellaria media L; STEME),
scented mayweed (Matricaria chamomila L; MATCH), bird's-eye
speedwell (Veronica persica L; VERPE), wild pansy (Viola tricolor
L; VIOTR), kochia (Kochia scoparia L; KCHSC), Russian thistle
(Salsola iberica L; SASKR) at application rates lower than the
rates of the individual compounds. It has been also surprisingly
found that a combination of bromoxynil, optionally with
pyrasulfotole, and a pyridine or pyrimidine carboxylic acid of the
formula (I) shows a synergistic action in control of scented
mayweed (Matricaria chamomila L; MATCH), bird's-eye speedwell
(Veronica persica L; VERPE), wild pansy (Viola tricolor L; VIOTR),
kochia (Kochia scoparia L; KCHSC) at application rates lower than
the rates of the individual compounds.
[0016] The combination of a plant growth regulator such as
chlormequat, indol-3-ylacetic acid or 4-indol-3-ylbutyric acid, and
a pyridine or pyrimidine carboxylic acid of the formula (I) has
resulted in an unexpected synergistic action in the control of
kochia (Kochia scoparia L; KCHSC), black mustard (Brassica nigra L;
BRSNI), cut-leaf geranium (Geranium dissectum L; GERDI), wild
buckwheat (Polygonum convolvulus L; POLCO), chickweed (Stellaria
media L; STEME), scented mayweed (Matricaria chamomila L; MATCH) at
application rates lower than the rates of the individual compounds.
Similarly, the mixtures of isoxaben, a cell wall biosynthesis
inhibiting herbicide, or prosulfocarb, a lipid biosynthesis
inhibiting herbicide, and a pyridine or pyrimidine carboxylic acid
of the formula (I) have resulted in an unexpected synergistic
action in the control of black mustard (Brassica nigra L; BRSNI),
chickweed (Stellaria media L; STEME), scented mayweed (Matricaria
chamomila L; MATCH), bird's-eye speedwell (Veronica persica L;
VERPE), wild pansy (Viola tricolor L; VIOTR), Russian thistle
(Salsola iberica L; SASKR) at application rates lower than the
rates of the individual compounds.
[0017] It has also been unexpectedly found that the mixture of an
auxinic herbicide such as aminopyralid, optionally with picolinafen
or diflufenican, dicamba, dichlorprop-P, MCPA, quinclorac and a
pyridine or pyrimidine carboxylic acid of the formula (I) exhibits
a synergistic action in control of chickweed (Stellaria media L;
STEME), scented mayweed (Matricaria chamomila L; MATCH), bird's-eye
speedwell (Veronica persica L; VERPE), wild pansy (Viola tricolor
L; VIOTR), lady's-thumb (Polygonum persicaria L; POLPE), kochia
(Kochia scoparia L; KCHSC), black mustard (Brassica nigra L;
BRSNI), cut-leaf geranium (Geranium dissectum L; GERDI), wild
buckwheat (Polygonur convolvulus L; POLCO) at application rates
lower than the rates of the individual compounds.
[0018] It has been also surprisingly found that the mixture of an
EPSP (5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate) synthase inhibitor
herbicide such as glyphosate and a pyridine or pyrimidine
carboxylic acid of the formula (I) exhibits a synergistic action in
control of wild pansy (Viola tricolor L; VIOTR), kochia (Kochia
scoparia L; KCHSC), Russian thistle (Salsola iberica L; SASKR) at
application rates lower than the rates of the individual
compounds.
[0019]
4-Amino-3-chloro-6-(4-chloro-2-fluoro-3-methoxyphenyl)pyridine-2-ca-
rboxylic acid and
6-amino-5-chloro-2-(4-chloro-2-fluoro-3-methoxyphenyl)-pyrimidine-4-carbo-
xylic acid derivatives are the especially preferred pyridine or
pyrimidine carboxylic acids of the formula (I) for the control of
weeds in cereal crops including spring, winter and durum wheat,
spring and winter barley, oats, and triticale.
[0020] In rice culture (direct seeded, water seeded, or
transplanted), the combination of an acetolactate synthase
(ALS)-inhibiting herbicide such as penoxsulam of the
triazolopyrimidine class; bispyribac-sodium of the
pyrimidinylbenzoate chemical class; bensulfuron-methyl,
halosulfuron-methyl, or pyrazosulfuron-ethyl of the sulfonylurea
chemical class; or imazethapyr or imazamox of the imidazolinone
chemical class; and a pyridine carboxylic acid of the formula (I)
has resulted in an unexpected synergistic action in the control of
Ipomoea hederacea (L.) JACQ. (IPOHE), Echinochloa species (ECHSS),
Ischaemum rugosum SALISB. (ISCRU), Leptochloa chinensis (L.) NEES
(LEFCH), Cyperus esculentus L. (CYPES), Cyperus iria L. (CYPIR),
and Eleocharis kuroguwai OHWI (ELOKU) at application rates lower
than the rates of the individual compounds. Glyphosate, an amino
acid biosynthesis inhibitor which specifically inhibits
5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate (EPSP) synthase, in combination
with a pyridine carboxylic acid of the formula (I), produces
synergistic activity on Polygonur pensylvanicur L. (POLPY), CYPES,
CYPIR, Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) SCOP. (DIGSA), and LEFCH at
application rates lower than the rates of the individual compounds.
Synergistic activity between pyridine carboxylic acids of the
formula (I) in combination with compounds of the imidazolinone
chemistry class or in combination with glyphosate will be
particularly useful in crops where imidazolinone or glyphosate
resistant crop varieties are being employed.
[0021] It has also been surprising that a mixture of propanil, a
photosystem (PS) II-inhibiting herbicide and a pyridine carboxylic
acid of the formula (I) exhibits a synergistic action in control of
IPOHE and Polygonur persicaria L. (POLPE), at application rates
lower than the rates of the individual compounds and an increased
speed of activity on CYPIR and Scirpus maritirus L. (SCPMA) over
that observed with effective control rates of the individual
compounds. Similarly, a mixture of carfentrazone-ethyl, a
protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase (PROTOX) inhibiting herbicide, and a
pyridine carboxylic acid of the formula (I) exhibits a synergistic
action in control POLPE, CYPES, and CYPIR at application rates
lower than the rates of the individual compounds as well as an
increased speed of activity on CYPES.
[0022] It has also been unexpectedly found that the mixture of
cyhalofop-butyl, an acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase (ACCase)
inhibiting herbicide, and a pyridine carboxylic acid of the formula
(I) shows a synergistic action in the control of POLPY, Sphenoclea
zeylanica GAERTN. (SPDZE), ECHSS, LEFCH, Cyperus species (CYPSS),
Fimbristylis miliacea (L.) VAHL (FIMMI), and Scirpus species
(SCPSS) at application rates lower than the rates of the individual
compounds, while a mixture of fenoxaprop-p-ethyl, another
ACCase-inhibiting herbicide, and a pyridine carboxylic acid of the
formula (I) shows a synergistic action in control of FIMMI and
SCPSS at application rates lower than the rates of the individual
compounds.
[0023] The combination of an auxinic herbicide such as triclopyr,
MCPA, or quinclorac and a pyridine carboxylic acid of the formula
(I) has resulted in an unexpected synergistic action in the control
of Marsilea crenata PRESL (MASCR), CYPSS, FIMMI, ECHSS, LEFCH,
Brachiaria platyphylla (BRISEB.) NASH (BRAPP), and ISCRU at
application rates lower than the rates of the individual compounds.
Similarly, the combination of an auxin transport inhibitor such as
diflufenzopyr and a pyridine carboxylic acid of the formula (I) has
resulted in an unexpected synergistic action in the control of
IPOHE, LEFCH, and CYPIR at application rates lower than the rates
of the individual compounds.
[0024] The combination of compounds with bleaching modes of action
such as clomazone; norflurazon, a phytoene desaturase inhibiting
herbicide; sulcotrione, a p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase
(HPPD) inhibiting herbicide; or pyriclor and a pyridine carboxylic
acid of the formula (I) has resulted in an unexpected synergistic
action in the control of BRAPP, DIGSA, ECHSS, LEFCH, CYPSS, FIMMI,
and SCPMA at application rates lower than the rates of the
individual compounds.
[0025]
4-Amino-3-chloro-6-(4-chloro-2-fluoro-3-methoxyphenyl)pyridine-2-ca-
rboxylic acid derivatives,
4-amino-3-chloro-6-(2,4-dichloro-3-methoxyphenyl)-pyridine-2-carboxylic
acid derivatives, and
4-amino-3-chloro-6-(4-chloro-2-fluoro-3-ethoxyphenyl)pyridine-2-carboxyli-
c acid derivatives are the especially preferred pyridine carboxylic
acids of the formula (I) for the control of weeds in transplanted,
water seeded, and direct seeded rice.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0026] The pyridine and pyrimidine carboxylic acids are a new class
of compounds having herbicidal activity. A number of pyridine and
pyrimidine carboxylic acid compounds are described in U.S. Pat. No.
7,300,907 (B2) and U.S. Pat. No. 7,314,849 (B2), including
6-amino-5-chloro-2-(4-chloro-2-fluoro-3-methoxyphenyl)pyrimidine-4-carbox-
ylic acid methyl ester,
4-amino-3-chloro-6-(4-chloro-2-fluoro-3-methoxyphenyl)pyridine-2-carboxyl-
ic acid methyl ester and
4-amino-3-chloro-6-(2,4-dichloro-3-methoxyphenyl)pyridine-2-carboxylic
acid methyl ester. The pyridine or pyrimidine carboxylic acid of
the formula (I) controls annual grass weeds including Setaria,
Pennisetum, and Echinochloa; broadleaf weeds such as Papaver,
Galium, Lamium, Kochia, Amaranthus, Aeschynomene, Sesbania, and
Monochoria; and sedge species such as Cyperus and Scirpus.
[0027] Amidosulfuron is the common name for
N-[[[[(4,6-dimethoxy-2-pyrimidinyl)amino]carbonyl]amino]sulfonyl]-N-methy-
lmethanesulfonamide. Its herbicidal activity is described in The
Pesticide Manual, Fourteenth Edition, 2006. Amidosulfuron controls
a wide range of broadleaf weeds, particularly cleavers.
[0028] Aminopyralid is the common name for
4-amino-3,6-dichloro-2-pyridinecarboxylic acid. Its herbicidal
activity is described in The Pesticide Manual, Fourteenth Edition,
2006. Aminopyralid controls annual and perennial broadleaf weeds in
grassland.
[0029] Beflubutamid is the common name for
2-[4-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)-phenoxy]-N-(phenylmethyl)butanamide.
Its herbicidal activity is described in The Pesticide Manual,
Fourteenth Edition, 2006. Beflubutamid provides pre- and early
post-emergence control of broadleaf weeds in wheat and barley.
[0030] Bensulfuron is the common name for
2-[[[[[(4,6-dimethoxy-2-pyrimidinyl)amino]carbonyl]amino]sulfonyl]methyl]-
benzoic acid. Its herbicidal activity is described in The Pesticide
Manual, Fourteenth Edition, 2006. Bensulfuron-methyl controls
annual and perennial weeds and sedges in flooded or wetland
rice.
[0031] Bentazone is the common name for
3-(1-methylethyl)-1H-2,1,3-benzothiadiazin-4(3H)-one 2,2-dioxide.
Its herbicidal activity is described in The Pesticide Manual,
Fourteenth Edition, 2006. Bentazone controls broadleaf weeds in
spring and winter cereals.
[0032] Bispyribac is the common name for
2,6-bis[(4,6-dimethoxy-2-pyrimidinyl)oxy]benzoic acid. Its
herbicidal activity is described in The Pesticide Manual,
Fourteenth Edition, 2006. Bispyribac-sodium controls grasses,
sedges and broadleaf weeds in direct-seeded rice.
[0033] Bromoxynil is the common name for
3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile. Its herbicidal activity is
described in The Pesticide Manual, Fourteenth Edition, 2006.
Bromoxynil is used for the post-emergence control of annual
broadleaf weeds.
[0034] Carfentrazone is the common name for
.alpha.,2-dichloro-5-[4-(difluoromethyl)-4,5-dihydro-3-methyl-5-oxo-1H-1,-
2,4-triazol-1-yl]-4-fluorobenzenepropanoic acid. Its herbicidal
activity is described in The Pesticide Manual, Fourteenth Edition,
2006. Carfentrazone-ethyl controls a wide range of broadleaf weeds
in cereals and rice.
[0035] Chlormequat is the common name for
2-chloro-N,N,N-trimethyl-ethanaminium chloride. Its herbicidal
activity is described in The Pesticide Manual, Fourteenth Edition,
2006. Chlormequat is a plant growth regulator for producing
sturdier plants.
[0036] Chlorsulfuron is the common name for
2-chloro-N-[[(4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino]carbonyl]benzen-
esulfonamide. Its herbicidal activity is described in The Pesticide
Manual, Fourteenth Edition, 2006. Chlorsulfuron controls a wide
range of broadleaf weeds and some annual grasses.
[0037] Chlorotoluron is the common name for
N'-(3-chloro-4-methylphenyl)-N,N-dimethylurea. Its herbicidal
activity is described in The Pesticide Manual, Fourteenth Edition,
2006. Chlorotoluron controls a wide range of broadleaf weeds and
some annual grasses in winter cereals.
[0038] Clodinafop is the common name for
(2R)-2-[4-[(5-chloro-3-fluoro-2-pyridinyl)oxy]phenoxy]propanoic
acid. Its herbicidal activity is described in The Pesticide Manual,
Fourteenth Edition, 2006. Clodinafop controls a wide range of
annual grasses.
[0039] Clomazone is the common name for
2-[(2-chlorophenyl)methyl]-4,4-dimethyl-3-isoxazolidinone. Its
herbicidal activity is described in The Pesticide Manual,
Fourteenth Edition, 2006. Clomazone controls grass weeds and
broadleaf weeds.
[0040] Cyhalofop is the common name for
(2R)-2-[4-(4-cyano-2-fluorophenoxy)-phenoxy]propanoic acid. Its
herbicidal activity is described in The Pesticide Manual,
Fourteenth Edition, 2006. Cyhalofop-butyl controls grass weeds in
rice.
[0041] Dicamba is the common name for 3,6-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic
acid. Its herbicidal activity is described in The Pesticide Manual,
Fourteenth Edition, 2006. Dicamba controls annual and perennial
broadleaf weeds in cereals.
[0042] Dichlorprop P is the common name for
(2R)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy) propanoic acid. Its herbicidal
activity is described in The Pesticide Manual, Fourteenth Edition,
2006. Dichlorprop controls a wide range of annual and perennial
broadleaf weeds in cereals and grassland.
[0043] Diflufenican is the common name for
N-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-2-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-3-pyridinecarboxami-
de. Its herbicidal activity is described in The Pesticide Manual,
Fourteenth Edition, 2006. Diflufenican controls annual grass weeds
and certain broadleaf weeds including Galium, Veronica and Viola
spp.
[0044] Diflufenzopyr is the common name for
2-[1-[[[(3,5-difluorophenyl)-amino]carbonyl]hydrazono]ethyl]-3-pyridineca-
rboxylic acid. Its herbicidal activity is described in The
Pesticide Manual, Fourteenth Edition, 2006. Diflufenzopyr controls
annual and perennial broadleaf weeds.
[0045] Fenoxaprop is the common name for
2-[4-[(6-chloro-2-benzoxazolyl)-oxy]phenoxy]propanoic acid. Its
herbicidal activity is described in The Pesticide Manual,
Fourteenth Edition, 2006. Fenoxaprop controls a wide range of
annual and perennial grasses.
[0046] Florasulam is the common name for
N-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-8-fluoro-5-methoxy[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidine-
-2-sulfonamide. Its herbicidal activity is described in The
Pesticide Manual, Fourteenth Edition, 2006. Florasulam controls
broadleaf weeds, especially Galium aparine, Stellaria media,
Polygonum convolvulus, Matricaria spp. and various cruciferae.
[0047] Flucarbazone is the common name for
4,5-dihydro-3-methoxy-4-methyl-5-oxo-N-[[2-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]sulfo-
nyl]-1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-carboxamide. Its herbicidal activity is
described in The Pesticide Manual, Fourteenth Edition, 2006.
Flucarbazone controls grass weeds, especially Avena fatua and
Setaria viridis and some broadleaf weeds.
[0048] Flufenacet is the common name for
N-(4-fluorophenyl)-N-(l-methylethyl)-2-[[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,3,4-thiadi-
azol-2-yl]oxy]acetamide. Its herbicidal activity is described in
The Pesticide Manual, Fourteenth Edition, 2006. Flufenacet controls
a broad spectrum of grass weeds and certain broadleaf weeds.
[0049] Flupyrsulfuron is the common name for
2-[[[[(4,6-dimethoxy-2-pyrimidinyl)amino]carbonyl]amino]sulfonyl]-6-(trif-
luoromethyl)-3-pyridinecarboxylic acid. Its herbicidal activity is
described in The Pesticide Manual, Fourteenth Edition, 2006.
Flupyrsulfuron controls black-grass and some broadleaf weeds.
[0050] Glyphosate is the common name for
N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine. Its herbicidal activity is described in
The Pesticide Manual, Fourteenth Edition, 2006. Glyphosate controls
a wide range of annual and perennial, broadleaf and grass
weeds.
[0051] Halosulfuron is the common name for
3-chloro-5-[[[[(4,6-dimethoxy-2-pyrimidinyl)amino]carbonyl]amino]sulfonyl-
]-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylic acid. Its herbicidal activity
is described in The Pesticide Manual, Fourteenth Edition, 2006.
Halosulfuron-methyl controls annual broadleaf weeds and nutsedge in
rice.
[0052] Imazamethabenz is the common name for
2-[4,5-dihydro-4-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-5-oxo-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-4(or
5)-methylbenzoic acid. Its herbicidal activity is described in The
Pesticide Manual, Fourteenth Edition, 2006. Imazamethabenz controls
Alopecurus, Apera and Avena in wheat, barley and rye.
[0053] Imazamox is the common name for
2-[4,5-dihydro-4-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-5-oxo-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-5-(meth-
oxymethyl)-3-pyridinecarboxylic acid. Its herbicidal activity is
described in The Pesticide Manual, Fourteenth Edition, 2006.
Imazamox is used for broad spectrum weed control in a variety of
crops.
[0054] Imazethapyr is the common name for
2-[4,5-dihydro-4-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-5-oxo-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-5-ethyl-
-3-pyridinecarboxylic acid. Its herbicidal activity is described in
The Pesticide Manual, Fourteenth Edition, 2006. Imazethapyr
controls annual and perennial grass and broadleaf weeds.
[0055] Indol-3-ylacetic acid is the common name for
1H-indole-3-acetic acid. Its plant growth regulating activity is
described in The Pesticide Manual, Fourteenth Edition, 2006.
[0056] 4-Indol-3-ylbutyric acid is the common name for
1H-indole-3-butanoic acid. Its plant growth regulating activity is
described in The Pesticide Manual, Fourteenth Edition, 2006.
[0057] Iodosulfuron is the common name for
4-iodo-2-[[[[(4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino]carbonyl]amino]-
sulfonyl]benzoic acid. Its herbicidal activity is described in The
Pesticide Manual, Fourteenth Edition, 2006. Iodosulfuron controls
grass and broadleaf weeds.
[0058] Isoproturon is the common mane for
N,N-dimethyl-N'-[4-(1-methylethyl)phenyl]urea. Its herbicidal
activity is described in The Pesticide Manual, Fourteenth Edition,
2006. Isoproturon controls a wide range of annual broadleaf and
grass weeds in cereals other than durum wheat.
[0059] Isoxaben is the common name for
N-[3-(1-ethyl-1-methylpropyl)-5-isoxazolyl]-2,6-dimethoxybenzamide.
Its herbicidal activity is described in The Pesticide Manual,
Fourteenth Edition, 2006. Isoxaben pre-emergently controls
broadleaf weeds in cereals.
[0060] MCPA is (4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)acetic acid. Its
herbicidal activity is described in The Pesticide Manual,
Fourteenth Edition, 2006. MCPA controls annual and perennial
broadleaf weeds in crops including cereals.
[0061] Mesosulfuron is the common name for
2-[[[[(4,6-dimethoxy-2-pyrimidinyl)amino]carbonyl]amino]sulfonyl]-4-[[(me-
thylsulfonyl)amino]-methyl]benzoic acid. Its herbicidal activity is
described in The Pesticide Manual, Fourteenth Edition, 2006.
Mesosulfuron controls grass and some broadleaf weeds.
[0062] Metribuzin is the common name for
4-amino-6-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-3-(methylthio)-1,2,4-triazin-5(4H)-one.
Its herbicidal activity is described in The Pesticide Manual,
Fourteenth Edition, 2006. Metribuzin controls many grasses and
broadleaf weeds in cereals.
[0063] Metsulfuron is the common name for
2-[[[[(4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino]carbonyl]amino]sulfony-
l]benzoic acid. Its herbicidal activity is described in The
Pesticide Manual, Fourteenth Edition, 2006. Metsulfuron controls a
wide range of grass and broadleaf weeds in wheat, barley, rice and
oats.
[0064] Norflurazon, is the common name for
4-chloro-5-(methylamino)-2-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3(2H)-pyridazinone-
. Its herbicidal activity is described in The Pesticide Manual,
Fourteenth Edition, 2006. Norflurazon is used for the pre-emergence
control of grasses and sedges, as well as some broadleaf weeds.
[0065] Penoxsulam is the common name for
2-(2,2-difluoroethoxy)-N-(5,8-dimethoxy[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidin-2--
yl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)-benzenesulfonamide. Its herbicidal activity
is described in The Pesticide Manual, Fourteenth Edition, 2006.
Penoxsulam controls broadleaf, sedge, and aquatic weeds and
Echinochloa spp. in rice.
[0066] Picolinafen is the common name for
N-(4-fluorophenyl)-6-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-2-pyridinecarboxamide.
Its herbicidal activity is described in The Pesticide Manual,
Fourteenth Edition, 2006. Picolinafen controls broadleaf weeds,
especially Galium, Viola, Lamium and Veronica spp.
[0067] Pinoxaden is the common name for
8-(2,6-diethyl-4-methylphenyl)-1,2,4,5-tetrahydro-7-oxo-7H-pyrazolo[1,2-d-
][1,4,5]oxadiazepin-9-yl 2,2-dimethylpropanoate. Its herbicidal
activity is described in The Pesticide Manual, Fourteenth Edition,
2006. Pinoxaden controls annual grasses, including Alopecurus,
Apera, Avena, Lolium, Phalaris and Setaria.
[0068] Propanil is the common name for
N-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)propanamide. Its herbicidal activity is
described in The Pesticide Manual, Fourteenth Edition, 2006.
Propanil controls grass and broadleaf weeds in rice.
[0069] Propoxycarbazone is the common name for methyl
2-[[[(4,5-dihydro-4-methyl-5-oxo-3-propoxy-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)carbonyl-
]amino]sulfonyl]benzoate. Its herbicidal activity is described in
The Pesticide Manual, Fourteenth Edition, 2006. Propoxycarbazone
controls annual and some perennial grasses, including Bromus spp.,
Alopecurus myosuroides, Apera spica-venti, and Elymus repens, and
some broadleaf weeds.
[0070] Prosulfocarb is the common name for S-(phenylmethyl)
dipropylcarbamo-thioate. Its herbicidal activity is described in
The Pesticide Manual, Fourteenth Edition, 2006. Prosulfocarb
controls a wide range of grass and broadleaf weeds in wheat, barley
and rye.
[0071] Pyrasulfotole is the common name for
(5-hydroxy-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)
[2-(methylsulfonyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]methanone.
Pyrasulfotole controls a broad spectrum of broadleaf weeds in
cereals.
[0072] Pyrazosulfuron is the common name for
5-[[[[(4,6-dimethoxy-2-pyrimidinyl)amino]carbonyl]amino]sulfonyl]-1-methy-
l-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylic acid. Its herbicidal activity is
described in The Pesticide Manual, Fourteenth Edition, 2006.
Pyrazosulfuron-ethyl controls annual and perennial broadleaf weeds
and sedges in rice.
[0073] Pyriclor is the common name for
2,3,5-trichloro-4-pyridinol.
[0074] Pyroxsulam is the common name for
N-(5,7-dimethoxy[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-2-yl)-2-methoxy-4-(triflu-
oromethyl)-3-pyridinesulfonamide. Pyroxsulam controls grass and
broadleaf weeds.
[0075] Quinclorac is the common name for
3,7-dichloro-8-quinolinecarboxylic acid. Its herbicidal activity is
described in The Pesticide Manual, Fourteenth Edition, 2006.
Quinclorac controls weeds in transplanted and direct-seeded
rice.
[0076] Sulcotrione is the common name for
2-[2-chloro-4-(methylsulfonyl)benzoyl]-1,3-cyclohexanedione. Its
herbicidal activity is described in The Pesticide Manual,
Fourteenth Edition, 2006. Sulcotrione controls grass and broadleaf
weeds.
[0077] Sulfosulfuron is the common name for
N-[[(4,6-dimethoxy-2-pyrimidinyl)amino]carbonyl]-2-(ethylsulfonyl)imidazo-
[1,2-a]pyridine-3-sulfonamide. Its herbicidal activity is described
in The Pesticide Manual, Fourteenth Edition, 2006. Sulfosulfuron
controls annual grasses and broadleaf weeds.
[0078] Thifensulfuron is the common name for
3-[[[[(4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino]carbonyl]amino]sulfony-
l]-2-thiophenecarboxylic acid. Its herbicidal activity is described
in The Pesticide Manual, Fourteenth Edition, 2006. Thifensulfuron
controls a wide range of annual weeds.
[0079] Tralkoxydim is the common name
2-[1-(ethoxyimino)propyl]-3-hydroxy-5-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-2-cyclohexe-
n-1-one. Its herbicidal activity is described in The Pesticide
Manual, Fourteenth Edition, 2006. Tralkoxydim controls annual
grasses, including Avena spp., Lolium spp., Setaria viridis,
Phalaris spp., Alopecurus myosuroides and Apera spica-venti.
[0080] Tribenuron is the common name
2-[[[[(4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)methylamino]carbonyl]amino]s-
ulfonyl]benzoic acid. Its herbicidal activity is described in The
Pesticide Manual, Fourteenth Edition, 2006. Tribenuron controls
broadleaf weeds.
[0081] Triclopyr is the common name for
[(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinyl)oxy]acetic acid. Its herbicidal
activity is described in The Pesticide Manual, Fourteenth Edition,
2006. Triclopyr controls broadleaf weeds in rice.
[0082] The term herbicide is used herein to mean an active
ingredient that kills, controls or otherwise adversely modifies the
growth of plants. An herbicidally effective or vegetation
controlling amount is an amount of active ingredient which causes
an adversely modifying effect and includes deviations from natural
development, killing, regulation, desiccation, retardation, and the
like. The terms plants and vegetation include germinant seeds,
emerging seedlings, plants emerging from vegetative propagules, and
established vegetation.
[0083] Herbicidal activity is exhibited by the compounds of the
synergistic mixture when they are applied directly to the plant or
to the locus of the plant at any stage of growth or before planting
or emergence. The effect observed depends upon the plant species to
be controlled, the stage of growth of the plant, the application
parameters of dilution and spray drop size, the particle size of
solid components, the environmental conditions at the time of use,
the specific compound employed, the specific adjuvants and carriers
employed, the soil type, and the like, as well as the amount of
chemical applied. These and other factors can be adjusted as is
known in the art to promote non-selective or selective herbicidal
action. Generally, it is preferred to apply the composition of the
present invention postemergence to relatively immature undesirable
vegetation to achieve the maximum control of weeds.
[0084] In the composition of this invention, the weight ratio of
the pyridine or pyrimidine carboxylic acid of formula (I) component
to the second cereal or rice herbicide component at which the
herbicidal effect is synergistic lies within the range of between
about 5:1 and about 1:256.
[0085] The rate at which the synergistic composition is applied
will depend upon the particular type of weed to be controlled, the
degree of control required, and the timing and method of
application. In general, the composition of the invention can be
applied at an application rate of between about 8 grams per hectare
(g/ha) and about 1200 g/ha based on the total amount of active
ingredients in the composition. Depending upon the particular
cereal or rice herbicide used, the cereal or rice herbicide
component is applied at a rate between about 4 g/ha and about 1120
g/ha and the pyridine or pyrimidine carboxylic acid of formula (I)
component is applied at a rate between about 4 g/ha and about 70
g/ha
[0086] The components of the synergistic mixture of the present
invention can be applied either separately or as part of a
multipart herbicidal system.
[0087] The synergistic mixture of the present invention can be
applied in conjunction with one or more other herbicides to control
a wider variety of undesirable vegetation. When used in conjunction
with other herbicides, the composition can be formulated with the
other herbicide or herbicides, tank mixed with the other herbicide
or herbicides or applied sequentially with the other herbicide or
herbicides. Some of the herbicides that can be employed in
conjunction with the synergistic composition of the present
invention include: amide herbicides such as allidochlor, benzadox,
benzipram, bromobutide, cafenstrole, CDEA, chlorthiamid, cyprazole,
dimethenamid, dimethenamid-P, diphenamid, epronaz, etnipromid,
fentrazamide, flupoxam, fomesafen, halosafen, isocarbamid,
napropamide, naptalam, pethoxamid, propyzamide, quinonamid and
tebutam; anilide herbicides such as chloranocryl, cisanilide,
clomeprop, cypromid, etobenzanid, fenasulam, flufenican, mefenacet,
mefluidide, metamifop, monalide, naproanilide and pentanochlor;
arylalanine herbicides such as benzoylprop, flamprop and
flamprop-M; chloroacetanilide herbicides such as acetochlor,
alachlor, butachlor, butenachlor, delachlor, diethatyl,
dimethachlor, metazachlor, metolachlor, S-metolachlor,
pretilachlor, propachlor, propisochlor, prynachlor, terbuchlor,
thenylchlor and xylachlor; sulfonanilide herbicides such as
benzofluor, perfluidone, pyrimisulfan and profluazol; sulfonamide
herbicides such as asulam, carbasulam, fenasulam and oryzalin;
antibiotic herbicides such as bilanafos; benzoic acid herbicides
such as chloramben, 2,3,6-TBA and tricamba; pyrimidinyloxybenzoic
acid herbicides such as pyriminobac; pyrimidinylthiobenzoic acid
herbicides such as pyrithiobac; phthalic acid herbicides such as
chlorthal; picolinic acid herbicides such as clopyralid and
picloram; quinolinecarboxylic acid herbicides such as quinmerac;
arsenical herbicides such as cacodylic acid, CMA, DSMA,
hexaflurate, MAA, MAMA, MSMA, potassium arsenite and sodium
arsenite; benzoylcyclohexanedione herbicides such as mesotrione,
tefuryltrione and tembotrione; benzofuranyl alkylsulfonate
herbicides such as benfuresate and ethofumesate; carbamate
herbicides such as asulam, carboxazole chlorprocarb, dichlormate,
fenasulam, karbutilate and terbucarb; carbanilate herbicides such
as barban, BCPC, carbasulam, carbetamide, CEPC, chlorbufam,
chlorpropham, CPPC, desmedipham, phenisopham, phenmedipham,
phenmedipham-ethyl, propham and swep; cyclohexene oxime herbicides
such as alloxydim, butroxydim, clethodim, cloproxydim, cycloxydim,
profoxydim, sethoxydim and tepraloxydim; cyclopropylisoxazole
herbicides such as isoxachlortole and isoxaflutole; dicarboximide
herbicides such as benzfendizone, cinidon-ethyl, flumezin,
flumiclorac, flumioxazin and flumipropyn; dinitroaniline herbicides
such as benfluralin, butralin, dinitramine, ethalfluralin,
fluchloralin, isopropalin, methalpropalin, nitralin, oryzalin,
pendimethalin, prodiamine, profluralin and trifluralin;
dinitrophenol herbicides such as dinofenate, dinoprop, dinosam,
dinoseb, dinoterb, DNOC, etinofen and medinoterb; diphenyl ether
herbicides such as ethoxyfen; nitrophenyl ether herbicides such as
acifluorfen, aclonifen, bifenox, chlomethoxyfen, chlornitrofen,
etnipromid, fluorodifen, fluoroglycofen, fluoronitrofen, fomesafen,
furyloxyfen, halosafen, lactofen,nitrofen, nitrofluorfen and
oxyfluorfen; dithiocarbamate herbicides such as dazomet and metam;
halogenated aliphatic herbicides such as alorac, chloropon,
dalapon, flupropanate, hexachloroacetone, iodomethane, methyl
bromide, monochloroacetic acid, SMA and TCA; imidazolinone
herbicides such as imazapic, imazapyr and imazaquin; inorganic
herbicides such as ammonium sulfamate, borax, calcium chlorate,
copper sulfate, ferrous sulfate, potassium azide, potassium
cyanate, sodium azide, sodium chlorate and sulfuric acid; nitrile
herbicides such as bromobonil, chloroxynil, dichlobenil, iodobonil,
ioxynil and pyraclonil; organophosphorus herbicides such as
amiprofos-methyl, anilofos, bensulide, bilanafos, butamifos,
2,4-DEP, DMPA, EBEP, fosamine, glufosinate, glyphosate and
piperophos; phenoxy herbicides such as bromofenoxim, clomeprop,
2,4-DEB, 2,4-DEP, difenopenten, disul, erbon, etnipromid,
fenteracol and trifopsime; phenoxyacetic herbicides such as 4-CPA,
2,4-D, 3,4-DA, MCPA-thioethyl and 2,4,5-T; phenoxybutyric
herbicides such as 4-CPB, 2,4-DB, 3,4-DB, MCPB and 2,4,5-TB;
phenoxypropionic herbicides such as cloprop, 4-CPP, 3,4-DP,
fenoprop, mecoprop and mecoprop-P; aryloxyphenoxypropionic
herbicides such as chlorazifop, clofop, diclofop, fenthiaprop,
fluazifop, fluazifop-P, haloxyfop, haloxyfop-P, isoxapyrifop,
metamifop, propaquizafop, quizalofop, quizalofop-P and trifop;
phenylenediamine herbicides such as dinitramine and prodiamine;
pyrazolyl herbicides such as benzofenap, pyrazolynate, pyrazoxyfen,
pyroxasulfone and topramezone; pyrazolylphenyl herbicides such as
fluazolate and pyraflufen; pyridazine herbicides such as credazine,
pyridafol and pyridate; pyridazinone herbicides such as
brompyrazon, chloridazon, dimidazon, flufenpyr, metflurazon,
oxapyrazon and pydanon; pyridine herbicides such as aminopyralid,
cliodinate, clopyralid, dithiopyr, fluroxypyr, haloxydine, picloram
and thiazopyr; pyrimidinediamine herbicides such as iprymidam and
tioclorim; quaternary ammonium herbicides such as cyperquat,
diethamquat, difenzoquat, diquat, morfamquat and paraquat;
thiocarbamate herbicides such as butylate, cycloate, di-allate,
EPTC, esprocarb, ethiolate, isopolinate, methiobencarb, molinate,
orbencarb, pebulate, pyributicarb, sulfallate, thiobencarb,
tiocarbazil, tri-allate and vemolate; thiocarbonate herbicides such
as dimexano, EXD and proxan; thiourea herbicides such as methiuron;
triazine herbicides such as dipropetryn, triaziflam and
trihydroxytriazine; chlorotriazine herbicides such as atrazine,
chlorazine, cyanazine, cyprazine, eglinazine, ipazine, mesoprazine,
procyazine, proglinazine, propazine, sebuthylazine, simazine,
terbuthylazine and trietazine; methoxytriazine herbicides such as
atraton, methometon, prometon, secbumeton, simeton and terbumeton;
methylthiotriazine herbicides such as ametryn, aziprotryne,
cyanatryn, desmetryn, dimethametryn, methoprotryne, prometryn,
simetryn and terbutryn; triazinone herbicides such as ametridione,
amibuzin, hexazinone, isomethiozin and metamitron; triazole
herbicides such as amitrole, cafenstrole, epronaz and flupoxam;
triazolone herbicides such as amicarbazone, bencarbazone,
sulfentrazone and thiencarbazone-methyl; triazolopyrimidine
herbicides such as cloransulam, diclosulam, flumetsulam and
metosulam; uracil herbicides such as butafenacil, bromacil,
flupropacil, isocil, lenacil and terbacil; 3-phenyluracils; urea
herbicides such as benzthiazuron, cumyluron, cycluron,
dichloralurea, isonoruron, isouron, methabenzthiazuron, monisouron
and noruron; phenylurea herbicides such as anisuron, buturon,
chlorbromuron, chloreturon, chloroxuron, daimuron, difenoxuron,
dimefuron, diuron, fenuron, fluometuron, fluothiuron, linuron,
methiuron, methyldymron, metobenzuron, metobromuron, metoxuron,
monolinuron, monuron, neburon, parafluron, phenobenzuron, siduron,
tetrafluron and thidiazuron; pyrimidinylsulfonylurea herbicides
such as azimsulfuron, chlorimuron, cyclosulfamuron, ethoxysulfuron,
flazasulfuron, flucetosulfuron, foramsulfuron, imazosulfuron,
nicosulfuron, orthosulfamuron, oxasulfuron, primisulfuron,
rimsulfuron, sulfometuron and trifloxysulfuron;
triazinylsulfonylurea herbicides such as cinosulfuron,
ethametsulfuron, metsulfuron, prosulfuron, triasulfuron,
triflusulfuron and tritosulfuron; thiadiazolylurea herbicides such
as buthiuron, ethidimuron, tebuthiuron, thiazafluron and
thidiazuron; and unclassified herbicides such as acrolein, allyl
alcohol, azafenidin, benazolin, benzobicyclon, buthidazole, calcium
cyanamide, cambendichlor, chlorfenac, chlorfenprop, chlorflurazole,
chlorflurenol, cinmethylin, CPMF, cresol, ortho-dichlorobenzene,
dimepiperate, endothal, fluoromidine, fluridone, flurochloridone,
flurtamone, fluthiacet, indanofan, methazole, methyl
isothiocyanate, nipyraclofen, OCH, oxadiargyl, oxadiazon,
oxaziclomefone, pentachlorophenol, pentoxazone, phenylmercury
acetate, prosulfalin, pyribenzoxim, pyriftalid, quinoclamine,
rhodethanil, sulglycapin, thidiazimin, tridiphane, trimeturon,
tripropindan and tritac.
[0088] The synergistic composition of the present invention can,
further, be used in conjunction with glyphosate, glufosinate,
dicamba, imidazolinones or 2,4-D on glyphosate-tolerant,
glufosinate-tolerant, dicamba-tolerant, imidazolinone-tolerant or
2,4-D-tolerant crops. It is generally preferred to use the
synergistic composition of the present invention in combination
with herbicides that are selective for the crop being treated and
which complement the spectrum of weeds controlled by these
compounds at the application rate employed. It is further generally
preferred to apply the synergistic composition of the present
invention and other complementary herbicides at the same time,
either as a combination formulation or as a tank mix.
[0089] The synergistic composition of the present invention can
generally be employed in combination with known herbicide safeners,
such as benoxacor, benthiocarb, brassinolide, cloquintocet (mexyl),
cyometrinil, daimuron, dichlormid, dicyclonon, dimepiperate,
disulfoton, fenchlorazole-ethyl, fenclorim, flurazole, fluxofenim,
furilazole, isoxadifen-ethyl, mefenpyr-diethyl, MG 191, MON 4660,
naphthalic anhydride (NA), oxabetrinil, R29148 and
N-phenyl-sulfonylbenzoic acid amides, to enhance their selectivity.
Cloquintocet (mexyl) is a particularly preferred safener for the
synergistic compositions of the present invention, specifically
antagonizing any harmful effect of the synergistic compositions on
rice and cereals.
[0090] In practice, it is preferable to use the synergistic
composition of the present invention in mixtures containing an
herbicidally effective amount of the herbicidal components along
with at least one agriculturally acceptable adjuvant or carrier.
Suitable adjuvants or carriers should not be phytotoxic to valuable
crops, particularly at the concentrations employed in applying the
compositions for selective weed control in the presence of crops,
and should not react chemically with herbicidal components or other
composition ingredients. Such mixtures can be designed for
application directly to weeds or their locus or can be concentrates
or formulations that are normally diluted with additional carriers
and adjuvants before application. They can be solids, such as, for
example, dusts, granules, water dispersible granules, or wettable
powders, or liquids, such as, for example, emulsifiable
concentrates, solutions, emulsions or suspensions.
[0091] Suitable agricultural adjuvants and carriers that are useful
in preparing the herbicidal mixtures of the invention are well
known to those skilled in the art.
[0092] Liquid carriers that can be employed include water, toluene,
xylene, petroleum naphtha, crop oil, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone,
cyclohexanone, trichloroethylene, perchloroethylene, ethyl acetate,
amyl acetate, butyl acetate, propylene glycol monomethyl ether and
diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol,
amyl alcohol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerine,
N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone, N,N-dimethyl alkylamides, dimethyl
sulfoxide, liquid fertilizers and the like. Water is generally the
carrier of choice for the dilution of concentrates.
[0093] Suitable solid carriers include talc, pyrophyllite clay,
silica, attapulgus clay, kaolin clay, kieselguhr, chalk,
diatomaceous earth, lime, calcium carbonate, bentonite clay,
Fuller's earth, cotton seed hulls, wheat flour, soybean flour,
pumice, wood flour, walnut shell flour, lignin, and the like.
[0094] It is usually desirable to incorporate one or more
surface-active agents into the compositions of the present
invention. Such surface-active agents are advantageously employed
in both solid and liquid compositions, especially those designed to
be diluted with carrier before application. The surface-active
agents can be anionic, cationic or nonionic in character and can be
employed as emulsifying agents, wetting agents, suspending agents,
or for other purposes. Typical surface-active agents include salts
of alkyl sulfates, such as diethanol-ammonium lauryl sulfate;
alkylarylsulfonate salts, such as calcium dodecyl-benzenesulfonate;
alkylphenol-alkylene oxide addition products, such as
nonylphenol-C.sub.18 ethoxylate; alcohol-alkylene oxide addition
products, such as tridecyl alcohol-C.sub.16 ethoxylate; soaps, such
as sodium stearate; alkylnaphthalene-sulfonate salts, such as
sodium dibutylnaphthalenesulfonate; dialkyl esters of
sulfosuccinate salts, such as sodium di(2-ethylhexyl)
sulfosuccinate; sorbitol esters, such as sorbitol oleate;
quaternary amines, such as lauryl trimethyl-ammonium chloride;
polyethylene glycol esters of fatty acids, such as poly-ethylene
glycol stearate; block copolymers of ethylene oxide and propylene
oxide; and salts of mono and dialkyl phosphate esters.
[0095] Other adjuvants commonly used in agricultural compositions
include compatibilizing agents, antifoam agents, sequestering
agents, neutralizing agents and buffers, corrosion inhibitors,
dyes, odorants, spreading agents, penetration aids, sticking
agents, dispersing agents, thickening agents, freezing point
depressants, antimicrobial agents, and the like. The compositions
may also contain other compatible components, for example, other
herbicides, plant growth regulants, fungicides, insecticides, and
the like and can be formulated with liquid fertilizers or solid,
particulate fertilizer carriers such as ammonium nitrate, urea and
the like.
[0096] The concentration of the active ingredients in the
synergistic composition of the present invention is generally from
0.001 to 98 percent by weight. Concentrations from 0.01 to 90
percent by weight are often employed. In compositions designed to
be employed as concentrates, the active ingredients are generally
present in a concentration from 5 to 98 weight percent, preferably
10 to 90 weight percent. Such compositions are typically diluted
with an inert carrier, such as water, before application. The
diluted compositions usually applied to weeds or the locus of weeds
generally contain 0.0001 to 1 weight percent active ingredient and
preferably contain 0.001 to 0.05 weight percent.
[0097] The present compositions can be applied to weeds or their
locus by the use of conventional ground or aerial dusters,
sprayers, and granule applicators, by addition to irrigation or
paddy water, and by other conventional means known to those skilled
in the art.
[0098] The following examples illustrate the present invention.
EXAMPLES
Evaluation of Postemergence Herbicidal Activity of Mixtures in
Cereal Crops
[0099] Seeds of the desired test plant species were planted in Sun
Gro MetroMix.RTM. 306 planting mixture, which typically has a pH of
6.0 to 6.8 and an organic matter content of about 30 percent, in
plastic pots with a surface area of 103.2 square centimeters
(cm.sup.2). When required to ensure good germination and healthy
plants, a fungicide treatment and/or other chemical or physical
treatment was applied. The plants were grown for 7-36 days in a
greenhouse with an approximate 14 hour photoperiod which was
maintained at about 18.degree. C. during the day and 17.degree. C.
during the night. Nutrients and water were added on a regular basis
and supplemental lighting was provided with overhead metal halide
1000-Watt lamps as necessary. The plants were employed for testing
when they reached the second or third true leaf stage.
[0100] Treatments consisted of compound (as listed in Tables 1
through 64) and a second cereal herbicide alone and in combination.
Weighed amounts of esters (methyl) or salts (TEA
[triethylammonium], K [potassium]) of
4-amino-3-chloro-6-(4-chloro-2-fluoro-3-methoxyphenyl)pyridine-2-carboxyl-
ic acid (Compound A) or of
6-amino-5-chloro-2-(4-chloro-2-fluoro-3-methoxyphenyl)pyrimidine-4-carbox-
ylic acid (Compound B), were placed in 25 milliliter (mL) glass
vials and dissolved in a volume of 97:3 v/v acetone/DMSO to obtain
4.5 milligrams (mg) active ingredient (ai)/mL stock solutions. If
the experimental compound did not dissolve readily, the mixture was
warmed and/or sonicated. The concentrated stock solutions were
diluted to 1.5 mg ai/mL with the addition of 2 volumes of an
aqueous mixture containing acetone, water, isopropyl alcohol, DMSO,
Agri-dex crop oil concentrate, and Triton.RTM. X-77 surfactant in a
64.7:26.0:6.7:2.0:0.7:0.01 v/v ratio. A dilution solution was
prepared by mixing 1 volume of 97:3 v/v acetone/DMSO and 2 volumes
of an aqueous mixture containing acetone, water, isopropyl alcohol,
DMSO, Agri-dex crop oil concentrate, and Triton.RTM. X-77
surfactant in a 64.7:26.0:6.7:2.0:0.7:0.01 v/v ratio. Compound
requirements are based upon a 12 mL application volume at a rate of
187 liters per hectare (L/ha). Spray solutions of the second cereal
herbicide and experimental compound mixtures were prepared by
adding the stock solutions to the appropriate amount of dilution
solution to form 12 mL spray solution with active ingredients in
two- and three-way combinations. Formulated compounds were applied
to the plant material with an overhead Mandel track sprayer
equipped with 8002E nozzles calibrated to deliver 187 L/ha over an
application area of 0.503 square meters (m.sup.2) at a spray height
of 18 inches (43 cm) above average plant canopy. Control plants
were sprayed in the same manner with the solvent blank.
[0101] The treated plants and control plants were placed in a
greenhouse as described above and watered by sub-irrigation to
prevent wash-off of the test compounds. After 20-22 days, the
condition of the test plants as compared with that of the control
plants was determined visually and scored on a scale of 0 to 100
percent where 0 corresponds to no injury and 100 corresponds to
complete kill.
[0102] Colby's equation was used to determine the herbicidal
effects expected from the mixtures (Colby, S. R. 1967. Calculation
of the synergistic and antagonistic response of herbicide
combinations. Weeds 15:20-22.).
[0103] The following equation was used to calculate the expected
activity of mixtures containing two active ingredients, A and
B:
Expected=A+B-(A.times.B/100)
[0104] A=observed efficacy of active ingredient A at the same
concentration as used in the mixture.
[0105] B=observed efficacy of active ingredient B at the same
concentration as used in the mixture.
[0106] Some of the compounds tested, application rates employed,
plant species tested, and results are given in Table 1 through
Table 64.
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Synergistic Activity of Herbicidal
Compositions on Several Key Grass Weeds in Cereal Crops Application
Rate (g/ha) Compound A ALOMY APESV AVEFA LOLMG SETVI Methyl
Diflufenican Ob Ex Ob Ex Ob Ex Ob Ex Ob Ex 17.5 0 0 -- 20 -- 30 --
20 -- 70 -- 35 0 20 -- 20 -- 30 -- 40 -- 75 -- 70 0 50 -- 30 -- 35
-- 0 -- 80 -- 0 15 0 -- 0 -- 0 -- 0 -- 0 -- 17.5 15 30 0 30 20 30
30 40 20 80 70 35 15 40 20 20 20 35 30 55 40 85 75 70 15 55 50 50
30 55 35 65 60 90 80
TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Synergistic Activity of Herbicidal
Compositions on Several Key Grass Weeds in Cereal Crops Application
Rate (g/ha) Compound A ALOMY LOLMG Methyl Liberator* Ob Ex Ob Ex
17.5 0 0 -- 20 -- 35 0 20 -- 40 -- 70 0 50 -- 60 -- 0 75 0 -- 0 --
17.5 75 30 0 40 20 35 75 30 20 45 40 70 75 45 50 50 60 *Liberator
contains 100 g ai/l diflufenican and 400 g ai/l flufenacet
TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Synergistic Activity of Herbicidal
Compositions on Several Key Grass Weeds in Cereal Crops Application
Rate (g/ha) Compound A Cloquintocet- ALOMY APESV AVEFA PHAMI Methyl
Pinoxaden mexyl Ob Ex Ob Ex Ob Ex Ob Ex 35 0 0 30 -- 10 -- 40 -- 30
-- 70 0 0 30 -- 10 -- 45 -- 35 -- 0 7.5 1.875 53 -- 70 -- 30 -- 25
-- 0 15 3.75 93 -- 93 -- 93 -- 85 -- 35 7.5 1.875 85 67 90 73 80 58
85 48 70 7.5 1.875 90 67 80 73 85 62 85 51 35 15 3.75 100 95 90 93
100 96 90 90 70 15 3.75 95 95 85 93 100 96 90 90
TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 Synergistic Activity of Herbicidal
Compositions on Several Key Grass Weeds in Cereal Crops Application
Rate (g/ha) Compound A Clodinafop- Cloquintocet- ALOMY APESV AVEFA
PHAMI Methyl propargyl mexyl Ob Ex Ob Ex Ob Ex Ob Ex 17.5 0 0 0 --
0 -- 0 -- 20 -- 35 0 0 30 -- 10 -- 40 -- 30 -- 70 0 0 30 -- 10 --
45 -- 35 -- 0 7 1.75 30 -- 20 -- 15 -- 13 -- 0 14 3.5 80 -- 33 --
78 -- 40 -- 17.5 7 1.75 95 30 90 20 90 15 80 30 35 7 1.75 80 51 30
28 70 49 65 39 70 7 1.75 85 51 30 28 75 53 60 43 17.5 14 3.5 95 80
90 33 99 78 85 52 35 14 3.5 90 86 30 39 90 87 75 58 70 14 3.5 85 86
30 39 90 88 75 61
TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 5 Synergistic Activity of Herbicidal
Compositions on Several Key Grass Weeds in Cereal Crops Application
Rate (g/ha) Compound Mefenpyr- ALOMY APESV AVEFA PHAMI A Methyl
Fenoxaprop-p diethyl Ob Ex Ob Ex Ob Ex Ob Ex 17.5 0 0 0 -- 0 -- 0
-- 20 -- 35 0 0 30 -- 10 -- 40 -- 30 -- 70 0 0 30 -- 10 -- 45 -- 35
-- 0 11.5 3.13 25 -- 15 -- 10 -- 5 -- 0 23 6.27 68 -- 73 -- 35 --
58 -- 17.5 11.5 3.13 80 25 95 15 90 10 80 24 35 11.5 3.13 90 48 80
24 85 46 40 34 70 11.5 3.13 75 48 85 24 90 51 45 38 17.5 23 6.27 85
68 95 73 95 35 95 66 35 23 6.27 95 77 95 75 90 61 90 70 70 23 6.27
85 77 95 75 95 64 95 72
TABLE-US-00006 TABLE 6 Synergistic Activity of Herbicidal
Compositions on Several Key Grass Weeds in Cereal Crops Application
Rate (g/ha) Compound A ALOMY PHAMI Methyl Tralkoxydim Ob Ex Ob Ex
17.5 0 0 -- 20 -- 35 0 30 -- 30 -- 70 0 30 -- 35 -- 0 25 78 -- 35
-- 0 50 70 -- 45 -- 17.5 25 90 78 20 48 35 25 90 84 65 55 70 25 80
84 65 58 17.5 50 85 70 40 56 35 50 100 79 65 62 70 50 95 79 65
64
TABLE-US-00007 TABLE 7 Synergistic Activity of Herbicidal
Compositions on Several Key Grass Weeds in Cereal Crops Application
Rate (g/ha) Compound ALOMY SETVI A Methyl Iodosulfuron Ob Ex Ob Ex
35 0 3 -- 77 -- 70 0 20 -- 82 -- 140 0 47 -- 91 -- 0 2.5 50 -- 0 --
35 2.5 83 52 70 77 70 2.5 73 60 89 82 140 2.5 80 73 97 91
TABLE-US-00008 TABLE 8 Synergistic Activity of Herbicidal
Compositions on Several key Grass Weeds in Cereal Crops Application
Rate (g/ha) Compound A BROTE Methyl Mesosulfuron Ob Ex 35 0.0 0.0
-- 70 0.0 0.0 -- 140 0.0 13 -- 0 3.8 73 -- 35 3.8 73 73 70 3.8 77
73 140 3.8 82 77
TABLE-US-00009 TABLE 9 Synergistic Activity of Herbicidal
Compositions on Several Key Grass Weeds in Cereal Crops Application
Rate (g/ha) Compound BROTE POAAN A Methyl Atlantis WG* Ob Ex Ob Ex
35 0 0 -- 0 -- 70 0 0 -- 3 -- 140 0 13 -- 3 -- 0 4 67 -- 50 -- 35 4
75 67 57 50 70 4 77 67 53 52 140 4 80 71 53 52 *Atlantis WG
contains 30 g/kg mesosulfuron and 6 g/kg iodosulfuron and 90 g/kg
mefenpyr-diethyl
TABLE-US-00010 TABLE 10 Synergistic Activity of Herbicidal
Compositions on Several Key Grass Weeds in Cereal Crops Application
Rate (g/ha) Compound Propoxycarbazone- BROTE LOLMU POAAN A Methyl
Na Ob Ex Ob Ex Ob Ex 35 0 0 -- 3 -- 0 -- 70 0 0 -- 20 -- 3 -- 140 0
13 -- 40 -- 3 -- 0 25 92 -- 17 -- 7 -- 35 25 95 92 50 19 37 7 70 25
96 92 53 33 37 10 140 25 94 93 53 50 37 10
TABLE-US-00011 TABLE 11 Synergistic Activity of Herbicidal
Compositions on Several Key Grass Weeds in Cereal Crops Application
Rate (g/ha) Compound A PHAMI Methyl Pyroxsulam* Ob Ex 35 0.0 3 --
70 0.0 6 -- 140 0.0 17 -- 0 3.8 78 -- 35 3.8 84 79 70 3.8 89 80 140
3.8 92 82 *Pyroxsulam contains 30 g ai/l pyroxsulam and 90 g ai/l
cloquintocet-mexyl
TABLE-US-00012 TABLE 12 Synergistic Activity of Herbicidal
Compositions on Several Key Grass Weeds in Cereal Crops Application
rate (g/ha) Compound A LOLRI TEA Flupyrsulfuron Ob Ex 35 0 0 -- 70
0 0 -- 140 0 10 -- 0 5 0 -- 35 5 15 0 70 5 10 0 140 5 10 10
TABLE-US-00013 TABLE 13 Synergistic Activity of Herbicidal
Compositions on Several Key Grass Weeds in Cereal Crops Application
rate (g/ha) Compound A LOLMG LOLRI LOLMU PHAMI TEA Imazamethabenz
Ob Ex Ex Ex Ex 35 0 0 -- 0 -- 0 -- 0 -- 70 0 0 -- 0 -- 0 -- 0 --
140 0 0 -- 10 -- 0 -- 0 -- 0 125 0 -- 0 -- 0 -- 0 -- 35 125 10 0 10
0 10 0 20 0 70 125 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 140 125 10 0 10 10 10 0 0
0
TABLE-US-00014 TABLE 14 Synergistic Activity of Herbicidal
Compositions on Several Key Grass Weeds in Cereal Crops Application
rate (g/ha) Com- pound ALOMY APESV AVEFA LOLMU A TEA Iodosulfuron
Ob Ex Ob Ex Ob Ex Ob Ex 35 0 0 -- 8 -- 0 -- 0 -- 70 0 0 -- 13 -- 0
-- 3 -- 140 0 3 -- 15 -- 0 -- 3 -- 0 2.5 50 -- 68 -- 35 -- 53 -- 35
2.5 53 50 91 70 60 35 65 53 70 2.5 60 50 87 72 50 35 74 54 140 2.5
70 51 94 73 64 35 59 54
TABLE-US-00015 TABLE 15 Synergistic Activity of Herbicidal
Compositions on Several Key Grass Weeds in Cereal Crops Application
rate (g/ha) Compound A APESV BROTE TEA Mesosulfuron Ob Ex Ob Ex 35
0 3 -- 0 -- 70 0 0 -- 0 -- 140 0 4 -- 0 -- 0 3.75 93 -- 75 -- 35
3.75 96 93 78 75 70 3.75 95 93 78 75 140 3.75 96 93 76 75
TABLE-US-00016 TABLE 16 Synergistic Activity of Herbicidal
Compositions on Several Key Grass Weeds in Cereal Crops Application
rate (g/ha) Compound A ALOMY APESV BROTE PHAMI POAAN TEA Atlantis
WG* Ob Ex Ob Ex Ob Ex Ob Ex Ob Ex 35 0 0 -- 3 -- 0 -- 0 -- 0 -- 70
0 0 -- 0 -- 0 -- 0 -- 0 -- 140 0 0 -- 4 -- 0 -- 0 -- 0 -- 0 3.6 95
-- 96 -- 73 -- 97 -- 63 -- 35 3.6 96 95 98 96 75 73 99 97 64 63 70
3.6 95 95 97 96 75 73 99 97 65 63 140 3.6 97 95 98 96 78 73 99 97
69 63 *Atlantis WG contains 30 g/kg mesosulfuron and 6 g/kg
iodosulfuron and 90 g/kg mefenpyr-diethyl
TABLE-US-00017 TABLE 17 Synergistic Activity of Herbicidal
Compositions on Several Key Grass Weeds in Cereal Crops Application
rate (g/ha) Compound A Propoxycarbazone- APESV AVEFA LOLRI LOLMU
POAAN TEA sodium Ob Ex Ob Ex Ob Ex Ob Ex Ob Ex 35 0 3 -- 0 -- 0 --
0 -- 0 -- 70 0 0 -- 3 -- 0 -- 0 -- 0 -- 140 0 4 -- 8 -- 10 -- 5 --
0 -- 0 25 90 -- 76 -- 10 -- 15 -- 5 -- 35 25 93 90 76 76 10 10 24
15 8 5 70 25 92 90 81 76 25 10 30 15 8 5 140 25 92 90 87 77 30 19
29 19 8 5
TABLE-US-00018 TABLE 18 Synergistic Activity of Herbicidal
Compositions on Several Key Grass Weeds in Cereal Crops Application
rate (g/ha) Compound A ALOMY APESV AVEFA BROTE PHAMI TEA
Pyroxsulam* Ob Ex Ob Ex Ob Ex Ob Ex Ob Ex 35 0 0 -- 8 -- 0 -- 0 --
0 -- 70 0 0 -- 13 -- 0 -- 3 -- 0 -- 140 0 3 -- 15 -- 0 -- 3 -- 0 --
0 3.75 89 -- 96 -- 91 -- 85 -- 76 -- 35 3.75 95 89 99 97 93 91 88
85 90 76 70 3.75 96 89 99 97 92 91 88 85 91 76 140 3.75 95 89 99 97
92 91 88 85 91 76 *Pyroxsulam contains 30 g ai/l pyroxsulam and 90
g ai/l cloquintocet-mexyl
TABLE-US-00019 TABLE 19 Synergistic Activity of Herbicidal
Compositions on Several Key Grass Weeds in Cereal Crops Application
rate (g/ha) Compound A ALOMY LOLRI TEA Sulfosulfuron Ob Ex Ex 35 0
0 -- 0 -- 70 0 0 -- 0 -- 140 0 0 -- 10 -- 0 8.75 85 -- 10 -- 35
8.75 95 85 30 10 70 8.75 90 85 20 10 140 8.75 85 85 10 19
TABLE-US-00020 TABLE 20 Synergistic Activity of Herbicidal
Compositions on Several Key Grass Weeds in Cereal Crops Application
Rate (g/ha) Compound Cloquintocet- ALOMY APESV AVEFA PHAMI B Methyl
Pinoxaden mexyl Ob Ex Ob Ex Ob Ex Ob Ex 8.75 0 0 0 -- 0 -- 0 -- 0
-- 17.5 0 0 10 -- 0 -- 0 -- 0 -- 35 0 0 20 -- 0 -- 0 -- 0 -- 70 0 0
40 -- 0 -- 0 -- 0 -- 0 15 3.75 80 -- 85 -- 90 -- 85 -- 8.75 15 3.75
90 80 90 85 100 90 95 85 17.5 15 3.75 90 82 90 85 95 90 95 85 35 15
3.75 95 84 90 85 95 90 95 85 70 15 3.75 90 88 90 85 95 90 95 85
TABLE-US-00021 TABLE 21 Synergistic Activity of Herbicidal
Compositions on Several Key Grass Weeds in Cereal Crops Application
Rate (g/ha) Compound Fenoxaprop- Mefenpyr- ALOMY APESV AVEFA LOLMG
PESGL PHAMI B Methyl p ethyl diethyl Ob Ex Ob Ex Ob Ex Ob Ex Ob Ex
Ob Ex 8.75 0 0 0 -- 0 -- 0 -- 0 -- 60 -- 0 -- 17.5 0 0 10 -- 0 -- 0
-- 0 -- 65 -- 0 -- 35 0 0 20 -- 0 -- 0 -- 0 -- 65 -- 0 -- 70 0 0 40
-- 0 -- 0 -- 0 -- 70 -- 0 -- 0 23 6.27 50 -- 70 -- 0 -- 0 -- 85 --
0 -- 8.75 23 6.27 90 50 90 70 95 0 75 0 100 94 70 0 17.5 23 6.27 90
55 90 70 95 0 70 0 100 95 70 0 35 23 6.27 90 60 90 70 95 0 70 0 100
95 70 0 70 23 6.27 90 70 90 70 95 0 60 0 100 96 60 0
TABLE-US-00022 TABLE 22 Synergistic Activity of Herbicidal
Compositions on Several Key Grass Weeds in Cereal Crops Application
Rate (g/ha) Compound B ALOMY APESV LOLMG PHAMI Methyl Tralkoxydim
Ob Ex Ob Ex Ob Ex Ob Ex 8.75 0 0 -- 0 -- 0 -- 0 -- 17.5 0 10 -- 0
-- 0 -- 0 -- 35 0 20 -- 0 -- 0 -- 0 -- 70 0 40 -- 0 -- 0 -- 0 -- 0
50 70 -- 75 -- 50 -- 30 -- 8.75 50 85 70 85 75 55 50 65 30 17.5 50
85 73 85 75 55 50 65 30 35 50 85 76 85 75 60 50 65 30 70 50 70 82
75 75 65 50 50 30
TABLE-US-00023 TABLE 23 Synergistic Activity of Herbicidal
Compositions on Several Key Broadleaf Weeds in Cereal Crops
Application Rate (g/ha) Compound A CHEAL MATCH SINAR STEME VERPE
VIOTR Methyl Diflufenican Ob Ex Ob Ex Ob Ex Ob Ex Ob Ex Ob Ex 17.5
0 90 -- 15 -- 70 -- 78 -- 45 -- 55 -- 35 0 90 -- 68 -- 80 -- 90 --
58 -- 63 -- 70 0 95 -- 65 -- 85 -- 100 -- 70 -- 75 -- 0 15 0 -- 5
-- 0 -- 3 -- 38 15 -- 17.5 15 100 90 65 19 85 70 88 78 78 67 78 62
35 15 100 90 80 69 90 80 100 90 80 73 85 68 70 15 100 95 80 67 100
85 100 100 93 81 90 79
TABLE-US-00024 TABLE 24 Synergistic Activity of Herbicidal
Compositions on Several Key Broadleaf Weeds in Cereal Crops
Application Rate (g/ha) Compound A CHEAL MATCH SINAR STEME VERPE
VIOTR Methyl Liberator* Ob Ex Ob Ex Ob Ex Ob Ex Ob Ex Ob Ex 17.5 0
90 -- 20 -- 80 -- 75 -- 40 -- 40 -- 35 0 90 -- 85 -- 85 -- 95 -- 55
-- 50 -- 70 0 95 -- 80 -- 85 -- 100 -- 80 -- 60 -- 0 75 30 -- 10 --
30 -- 20 -- 10 -- 10 -- 17.5 75 100 93 70 28 85 86 100 80 65 46 70
46 35 75 100 93 95 87 85 90 100 96 75 60 75 55 70 75 100 97 95 82
95 90 100 100 90 82 85 64 *Liberator contains 100 g ai/l
diflufenican and 400 g ai/l flufenacet
TABLE-US-00025 TABLE 25 Synergistic Activity of Herbicidal
Compositions on Several Key Broadleaf Weeds in Cereal Crops
Application Rate (g/ha) Compound A BRSNN POLPE Methyl Pyroxsulam*
Ob Ex Ob Ex 8.75 0 50 -- 50 -- 17.5 0 50 -- 50 -- 35 0 50 -- 65 --
70 0 50 -- 70 -- 0 7.5 75 -- 75 -- 8.75 7.5 100 88 95 88 17.5 7.5
100 88 95 88 35 7.5 100 88 95 91 70 7.5 100 88 95 93 *Pyroxsulam
contains 30 g ai/l pyroxsulam and 90 g ai/l cloquintocet-mexyl
TABLE-US-00026 TABLE 26 Synergistic Activity of Herbicidal
Compositions on Several Key Broadleaf Weeds in Cereal Crops
Application Rate (g/ha) Compound A Picoli- VERHE KCHSC SINAR VIOTR
VERPE TEA nafen Ob Ex Ob Ex Ob Ex Ob Ex Ob Ex 8.75 0 10 -- 35 -- 35
-- 10 -- 10 -- 17.5 0 20 -- 60 -- 60 -- 10 -- 10 -- 35 0 50 -- 65
-- 65 -- 30 -- 30 -- 70 0 75 -- 70 -- 70 -- 60 -- 60 -- 0 12.5 5 --
5 -- 5 -- 0 -- 0 -- 8.75 12.5 30 15 60 38 95 38 10 10 10 10 17.5
12.5 80 24 65 62 95 62 20 10 30 10 35 12.5 65 53 75 67 75 67 60 30
60 30 70 12.5 85 76 85 72 85 72 75 60 75 60
TABLE-US-00027 TABLE 27 Synergistic Activity of Herbicidal
Compositions on Several Key Broadleaf Weeds in Cereal Crops
Application Rate (g/ha) Compound A CIRAR VERPE VIOTR TEA
Amidosulfuron Ob Ex Ob Ex Ob Ex 35 0 50 -- 75 -- 50 -- 70 0 60 --
80 -- 60 -- 140 0 65 -- 85 -- 60 -- 0 10 20 -- 5 -- 5 -- 35 10 75
60 85 76 50 53 70 10 85 68 85 81 70 62 140 10 90 72 87 86 70 62
TABLE-US-00028 TABLE 28 Synergistic Activity of Herbicidal
Compositions on Several Key Broadleaf Weeds in Cereal Crops
Application Rate (g/ha) Compound A VERPE TEA Chlorsulfuron Ob Ex 35
0 75 -- 70 0 80 -- 140 0 85 -- 0 2.2 5 -- 35 2.2 87 76 70 2.2 95 81
140 2.2 95 86
TABLE-US-00029 TABLE 29 Synergistic Activity of Herbicidal
Compositions on Several Key Broadleaf Weeds in Cereal Crops
Application Rate (g/ha) Compound A CIRAR VERPE VIOTR TEA Florasulam
Ob Ex Ob Ex Ob Ex 35 0 50 -- 75 -- 50 -- 70 0 60 -- 80 -- 60 -- 140
0 65 -- 85 -- 60 -- 0 1.25 20 -- 5 -- 10 -- 35 1.25 90 60 95 76 70
55 70 1.25 95 68 95 81 65 64 140 1.25 95 72 97 86 70 64
TABLE-US-00030 TABLE 30 Synergistic Activity of Herbicidal
Compositions on Several Key Broadleaf Weeds in Cereal Crops
Application Rate (g/ha) Compound A VERPE CIRAR VERPE VIOTR TEA
Flupyrsulfuron Ob Ex Ob Ex Ob Ex Ob Ex 35 0 60 -- 50 -- 75 -- 50 --
70 0 60 -- 60 -- 80 -- 60 -- 140 0 60 -- 65 -- 85 -- 60 -- 0 5 0 --
20 -- 0 -- 0 -- 35 5 70 60 80 60 80 75 50 50 70 5 75 60 90 68 97 80
65 60 140 5 75 60 85 72 90 85 65 60
TABLE-US-00031 TABLE 31 Synergistic Activity of Herbicidal
Compositions on Several Key Broadleaf Weeds in Cereal Crops
Application Rate (g/ha) Compound A CIRAR TEA Iodosulfuron Ob Ex 35
0 50 -- 70 0 60 -- 140 0 65 -- 0 3.75 50 -- 35 3.75 90 75 70 3.75
93 80 140 3.75 95 83
TABLE-US-00032 TABLE 32 Synergistic Activity of Herbicidal
Compositions on Several Key Broadleaf Weeds in Cereal Crops
Application Rate (g/ha) Compound A Meso- VERPE CIRAR VIOTR STEME
MATCH TEA sulfuron Ob Ex Ob Ex Ob Ex Ob Ex Ob Ex 35 0 60 -- 50 --
50 -- 55 -- 60 -- 70 0 60 -- 60 -- 60 -- 60 -- 60 -- 140 0 60 -- 65
-- 60 -- 65 -- 65 -- 0 3.75 0 -- 20 -- 0 -- 0 -- 5 -- 35 3.75 75 60
95 60 65 50 70 55 60 62 70 3.75 75 60 95 68 65 60 70 60 80 62 140
3.75 75 60 95 72 70 60 75 65 85 67
TABLE-US-00033 TABLE 33 Synergistic Activity of Herbicidal
Compositions on Several Key Broadleaf Weeds in Cereal Crops
Application Rate (g/ha) Compound A CIRAR TEA Metsulfuron Ob Ex 35 0
50 -- 70 0 60 -- 140 0 65 -- 0 3.75 20 -- 35 3.75 80 60 70 3.75 85
68 140 3.75 85 72
TABLE-US-00034 TABLE 34 Synergistic Activity of Herbicidal
Compositions on Several Key Broadleaf Weeds in Cereal Crops
Application Rate (g/ha) Compound A Propoxycarbazone- VERPE MATCH
TEA sodium Ob Ex Ob Ex 35 0 75 -- 60 -- 70 0 80 -- 60 -- 140 0 85
-- 65 -- 0 15 5 -- 50 -- 35 15 75 76 80 80 70 15 90 81 87 80 140 15
95 86 87 83
TABLE-US-00035 TABLE 35 Synergistic Activity of Herbicidal
Compositions on Several Key Broadleaf Weeds in Cereal Crops
Application Rate (g/ha) Compound A CIRAR TEA Pyroxsulam* Ob Ex 35 0
50 -- 70 0 60 -- 140 0 65 -- 0 3.75 20 -- 35 3.75 90 60 70 3.75 95
68 140 3.75 95 72 *Pyroxsulam contains 30 g ai/l pyroxsulam and 90
g ai/l cloquintocet-mexyl
TABLE-US-00036 TABLE 36 Synergistic Activity of Herbicidal
Compositions on Several Key Broadleaf Weeds in Cereal Crops
Application Rate (g/ha) Compound A CIRAR VERPE TEA Sulfosulfuron Ob
Ex Ob Ex 35 0 50 -- 75 -- 70 0 60 -- 80 -- 140 0 65 -- 85 -- 0 8.75
10 -- 30 -- 35 8.75 75 55 80 83 70 8.75 93 64 97 86 140 8.75 80 69
97 90
TABLE-US-00037 TABLE 37 Synergistic Activity of Herbicidal
Compositions on Several Key Broadleaf Weeds in Cereal Crops
Application Rate (g/ha) Compound A CIRAR TEA Thifensulfuron Ob Ex
35 0 50 -- 70 0 60 -- 140 0 65 -- 0 3.75 20 -- 35 3.75 80 60 70
3.75 90 68 140 3.75 85 72
TABLE-US-00038 TABLE 38 Synergistic Activity of Herbicidal
Compositions on Several Key Broadleaf Weeds in Cereal Crops
Application Rate (g/ha) Compound A CIRAR TEA Tribenuron Ob Ex 35 0
50 -- 70 0 60 -- 140 0 65 -- 0 3.75 20 -- 35 3.75 93 60 70 3.75 95
68 140 3.75 95 72
TABLE-US-00039 TABLE 39 Synergistic Activity of Herbicidal
Compositions on Several Key Broadleaf Weeds in Cereal Crops
Application Rate (g/ha) Compound A STEME MATCH TEA Imazamethabenz
Ob Ex Ob Ex 35 0 55 -- 60 -- 70 0 60 -- 60 -- 140 0 65 -- 65 -- 0
125 10 -- 0 -- 35 125 75 60 60 60 70 125 100 64 80 60 140 125 100
69 80 65
TABLE-US-00040 TABLE 40 Synergistic Activity of Herbicidal
Compositions on Several Key Broadleaf Weeds in Cereal Crops
Application Rate (g/ha) Compound BRSNI GERDI POLCO STEME VERPE
VIOTR A TEA Beflubutamid Ob Ex Ob Ex Ob Ex Ob Ex Ob Ex Ob Ex 8.75 0
70 -- 50 -- 90 -- 80 -- 48 -- 30 -- 17.5 0 91 -- 55 -- 93 -- 85 --
68 -- 40 -- 35 0 98 -- 65 -- 98 -- 88 -- 79 -- 47 -- 0 35 30 -- 0
-- 10 -- 10 -- 15 -- 15 -- 0 70 30 -- 0 -- 20 -- 10 -- 23 -- 23 --
8.75 35 85 79 60 50 100 91 95 82 61 56 68 41 17.5 35 100 94 60 55
100 93 100 87 79 73 66 49 35 35 100 98 75 65 100 98 100 89 84 82 76
55 8.75 70 100 79 70 50 100 92 100 82 61 60 49 46 17.5 70 100 94 75
55 100 94 100 87 83 76 74 54 35 70 100 98 80 65 100 98 100 89 89 84
80 59
TABLE-US-00041 TABLE 41 Synergistic Activity of Herbicidal
Compositions on Several Key Broadleaf Weeds in Cereal Crops
Application Rate (g/ha) Compound A BRSNI POLCO VERPE VIOTR TEA
Bentazone Ob Ex Ob Ex Ob Ex Ob Ex 8.75 0 70 -- 90 -- 48 -- 30 --
17.5 0 91 -- 93 -- 68 -- 40 -- 35 0 98 -- 98 -- 79 -- 47 -- 70 0 99
-- 99 -- 88 -- 60 -- 0 120 50 -- 0 -- 0 -- 0 -- 8.75 120 100 85 100
90 65 48 60 30 17.5 120 100 96 97 93 70 68 65 40 35 120 100 99 100
98 87 79 70 47 70 120 100 99 100 99 93 88 75 60
TABLE-US-00042 TABLE 42 Synergistic Activity of Herbicidal
Compositions on Several Key Broadleaf Weeds in Cereal Crops
Application Rate (g/ha) Compound A BRSNI MATCH STEME TEA Bromoxynil
Ob Ex Ob Ex Ob Ex 8.75 0 70 -- 71 -- 80 -- 17.5 0 91 -- 76 -- 85 --
35 0 98 -- 84 -- 88 -- 70 0 99 -- 94 -- 93 -- 0 70 50 -- 0 -- 0 --
17.5 70 100 96 85 76 97 85 35 70 100 99 93 84 97 88 70 70 100 99 95
94 100 93
TABLE-US-00043 TABLE 43 Synergistic Activity of Herbicidal
Compositions on Several Key Broadleaf Weeds in Cereal Crops
Application Rate (g/ha) Compound A BRSNI GERDI KCHSC MATCH POLCO
STEME TEA Chlormequat Ob Ex Ob Ex Ob Ex Ob Ex Ob Ex Ob Ex 8.75 0 70
-- 50 -- 65 -- 71 -- 90 -- 80 -- 17.5 0 91 -- 55 -- 77 -- 76 -- 93
-- 85 -- 35 0 98 -- 65 -- 92 -- 84 -- 98 -- 88 -- 70 0 99 -- 78 --
99 -- 94 -- 99 -- 93 -- 0 155 0 -- 0 -- 0 -- 0 -- 10 -- 0 -- 8.75
155 100 70 75 50 70 65 93 71 100 91 100 80 17.5 155 100 91 75 55
100 77 100 76 100 93 100 85 35 155 100 98 60 65 100 92 100 84 100
98 100 88 70 155 100 99 50 78 100 99 100 94 100 99 100 93
TABLE-US-00044 TABLE 44 Synergistic Activity of Herbicidal
Compositions on Several Key Broadleaf Weeds in Cereal Crops
Application Rate (g/ha) Compound A BRSNI KCHSC TEA Chlorotoluron Ob
Ex Ob Ex 8.75 0 70 -- 65 -- 17.5 0 91 -- 77 -- 35 0 98 -- 92 -- 70
0 99 -- 99 -- 0 450 50 -- 50 -- 8.75 450 100 85 100 83 17.5 450 100
96 100 89 35 450 100 99 97 96
TABLE-US-00045 TABLE 45 Synergistic Activity of Herbicidal
Compositions on Several Key Broadleaf Weeds in Cereal Crops
Application Rate (g/ha) Compound A Indol-3- MATCH POLCO STEME TEA
acetic acid Ob Ex Ob Ex Ob Ex 8.75 0 71 -- 90 -- 80 -- 17.5 0 76 --
93 -- 85 -- 35 0 84 -- 98 -- 88 -- 70 0 94 -- 99 -- 93 -- 0 140 0
-- 0 -- 0 -- 8.75 140 80 71 100 90 85 80 17.5 140 90 76 100 93 97
85 35 140 93 84 100 98 100 88 70 140 95 94 100 99 100 93
TABLE-US-00046 TABLE 46 Synergistic Activity of Herbicidal
Compositions on Several Key Broadleaf Weeds in Cereal Crops
Application Rate (g/ha) Compound A Indol-3- BRSNI STEME TEA butyric
acid Ob Ex Ob Ex 8.75 0 70 -- 80 -- 17.5 0 91 -- 85 -- 35 0 98 --
88 -- 70 0 99 -- 93 -- 0 140 0 -- 0 -- 8.75 140 80 70 80 80 17.5
140 93 91 90 85 35 140 100 98 100 88 70 140 100 99 100 93
TABLE-US-00047 TABLE 47 Synergistic Activity of Herbicidal
Compositions on Several Key Broadleaf Weeds in Cereal Crops
Application Rate (g/ha) Compound BRSNI KCHSC SASKR VIOTR A TEA
Isoproturon Ob Ex Ob Ex Ob Ex Ob Ex 8.75 0 70 -- 65 -- 80 -- 30 --
17.5 0 91 -- 77 -- 84 -- 40 -- 35 0 98 -- 92 -- 87 -- 47 -- 70 0 99
-- 99 -- 93 -- 60 -- 0 300 40 -- 50 -- 33 -- 0 -- 8.75 300 93 82
100 83 89 87 30 30 17.5 300 100 95 100 89 90 89 45 40 35 300 100 99
100 96 97 91 60 47 70 300 100 99 97 99 95 95 73 60
TABLE-US-00048 TABLE 48 Synergistic Activity of Herbicidal
Compositions on Several Key Broadleaf Weeds in Cereal Crops
Application Rate (g/ha) Compound A VERPE VIOTR TEA Isoxaben Ob Ex
Ob Ex 8.75 0 48 -- 30 -- 17.5 0 68 -- 40 -- 35 0 79 -- 47 -- 70 0
88 -- 60 -- 0 31.25 0 -- 3 -- 8.75 31.25 61 48 48 32 17.5 31.25 71
68 50 42 35 31.25 84 79 61 48 70 31.25 95 88 70 61
TABLE-US-00049 TABLE 49 Synergistic Activity of Herbicidal
Compositions on Several Key Broadleaf Weeds in Cereal Crops
Application Rate (g/ha) Compound A BRSNI VERPE VIOTR TEA Metribuzin
Ob Ex Ob Ex Ob Ex 8.75 0 70 -- 48 -- 30 -- 17.5 0 91 -- 68 -- 40 --
35 0 98 -- 79 -- 47 -- 70 0 99 -- 88 -- 60 -- 0 50 50 -- 10 -- 20
-- 8.75 50 100 85 60 53 60 44 17.5 50 100 96 90 72 80 52 35 50 100
99 90 81 80 58 70 50 100 99 95 89 85 68
TABLE-US-00050 TABLE 50 Synergistic Activity of Herbicidal
Compositions on Several Key Broadleaf Weeds in Cereal Crops
Application Rate (g/ha) Com- pound A BRSNI MATCH SASKR STEME TEA
Prosulfocarb Ob Ex Ob Ex Ob Ex Ob Ex 8.75 0 70 -- 71 -- 80 -- 80 --
17.5 0 91 -- 76 -- 84 -- 85 -- 35 0 98 -- 84 -- 87 -- 88 -- 70 0 99
-- 94 -- 93 -- 93 -- 0 500 0 -- 0 -- 0 -- 0 -- 8.75 500 97 70 95 71
85 80 85 80 17.5 500 100 91 95 76 90 84 85 85 35 500 100 98 97 84
90 87 100 88 70 500 100 99 95 94 90 93 100 93
TABLE-US-00051 TABLE 51 Synergistic Activity of Herbicidal
Compositions on Several Key Broadleaf Weeds in Cereal Crops
Application Rate (g/ha) Compound A KCHSC STEME TEA Quinclorac Ob Ex
Ob Ex 8.75 0 65 -- 80 -- 17.5 0 77 -- 85 -- 35 0 92 -- 88 -- 70 0
99 -- 93 -- 0 140 0 -- 0 -- 8.75 140 65 65 87 80 17.5 140 90 77 90
85 35 140 100 92 100 88 70 140 100 99 100 93
TABLE-US-00052 TABLE 52 Synergistic Activity of Herbicidal
Compositions on Several Key Broadleaf Weeds in Cereal Crops
Application Rate (g/ha) Compound A GERDI MATCH BRSNI TEA
Aminopyralid Ob Ex Ob Ex Ob Ex 8.75 0 38 -- 59 -- 83 -- 17.5 0 50
-- 76 -- 93 -- 35 0 80 -- 88 -- 97 -- 70 0 85 -- 93 -- 100 -- 0 2.5
0 -- 10 -- 0 -- 8.75 2.5 65 38 90 63 93 83 17.5 2.5 60 50 95 78 97
93
TABLE-US-00053 TABLE 53 Synergistic Activity of Herbicidal
Compositions on Several Key Broadleaf Weeds in Cereal Crops
Application Rate (g/ha) Compound A MATCH VERPE BRSNI TEA Dicamba Ob
Ex Ob Ex Ob Ex 8.75 0 59 -- 59 -- 83 -- 17.5 0 76 -- 69 -- 93 -- 35
0 88 -- 86 -- 97 -- 70 0 93 -- 85 -- 100 -- 0 35 30 -- 10 -- 50 --
8.75 35 87 71 80 63 95 92 17.5 35 90 83 85 72 100 97
TABLE-US-00054 TABLE 54 Synergistic Activity of Herbicidal
Compositions on Several Key Broadleaf Weeds in Cereal Crops
Application Rate (g/ha) Compound A MATCH VERPE TEA Dichlorprop Ob
Ex Ob Ex 8.75 0 59 -- 59 -- 17.5 0 76 -- 69 -- 35 0 88 -- 86 -- 70
0 93 -- 85 -- 0 140 10 -- 20 -- 8.75 140 87 63 80 67 17.5 140 90 78
85 75
TABLE-US-00055 TABLE 55 Synergistic Activity of Herbicidal
Compositions on Several Key Broadleaf Weeds in Cereal Crops
Application Rate (g/ha) Compound A POLCO VERPE VIOTR STEME POLPE
TEA MCPA Ob Ex Ob Ex Ob Ex Ob Ex Ob Ex 8.75 0 76 -- 59 -- 34 -- 76
-- 30 -- 17.5 0 88 -- 69 -- 44 -- 85 -- 41 -- 35 0 96 -- 86 -- 58
-- 91 -- 68 -- 0 70 7 -- 10 -- 17 -- 7 -- 23 -- 8.75 70 83 78 73 63
53 45 89 78 45 46 17.5 70 95 88 80 72 60 53 94 86 65 55 35 70 100
96 87 87 72 65 98 92 84 75
TABLE-US-00056 TABLE 56 Synergistic Activity of Herbicidal
Compositions on Several Key Broadleaf Weeds in Cereal Crops
Application Rate (g/ha) Compound BRSNN MATCH B Methyl Pyroxsulam*
Ob Ex Ob Ex 8.75 0 20 -- 10 -- 17.5 0 35 -- 10 -- 35 0 50 -- 40 --
70 0 55 -- 45 -- 0 3.75 90 -- 65 -- 8.75 3.75 99 92 90 69 17.5 3.75
99 94 85 69 35 3.75 99 95 85 79 70 3.75 100 96 85 81 *Pyroxsulam
contains 30 g ai/l pyroxsulam and 90 g ai/l cloquintocet-mexyl
TABLE-US-00057 TABLE 57 Synergistic Activity of Herbicidal
Compositions on Several Key Broadleaf Weeds in Cereal Crops
Application Rate (g/ha) Compound A MATCH SASKR KCHSC VERPE VIOTR
K-salt Aminopyralid Ob Ex Ob Ex Ob Ex Ob Ex Ob Ex 8.75 0 50 -- 63
-- 67 -- 73 -- 20 -- 17.5 0 62 -- 67 -- 77 -- 78 -- 48 -- 35 0 57
-- 73 -- 90 -- 83 -- 42 -- 0 2.5 8 -- 18 -- 0 -- 0 -- 27 -- 8.75
2.5 72 54 75 70 75 67 82 73 57 41 17.5 2.5 80 65 85 73 88 77 87 78
70 62 35 2.5 85 60 90 78 95 90 85 83 72 57
TABLE-US-00058 TABLE 58 Synergistic Activity of Herbicidal
Compositions on Several Key Broadleaf Weeds in Cereal Crops
Application Rate (g/ha) Compound A MATCH SASKR VERPE VIOTR K-salt
Picolinafen Ob Ex Ob Ex Ob Ex Ob Ex 8.75 0 50 -- 63 -- 73 -- 20 --
17.5 0 62 -- 67 -- 78 -- 48 -- 35 0 57 -- 73 -- 83 -- 42 -- 0 15 10
-- 60 -- 43 -- 78 -- 8.75 15 90 55 83 85 95 85 95 83 17.5 15 83 66
90 87 95 88 88 89 35 15 87 61 95 89 98 91 98 87
TABLE-US-00059 TABLE 59 Synergistic Activity of Herbicidal
Compositions on Several Key Broadleaf Weeds in Cereal Crops
Application Rate (g/ha) Compound A Aminopyralid + MATCH VERPE VIOTR
K-salt Picolinafen Ob Ex Ob Ex Ob Ex 8.75 0 50 -- 73 -- 20 -- 17.5
0 62 -- 78 -- 48 -- 35 0 57 -- 83 -- 42 -- 0 2.5 + 15 25 -- 38 --
72 -- 8.75 2.5 + 15 70 59 98 85 100 87 17.5 2.5 + 15 73 68 100 88
96 92 35 2.5 + 15 90 64 99 91 100 91
TABLE-US-00060 TABLE 60 Synergistic Activity of Herbicidal
Compositions on Several Key Broadleaf Weeds in Cereal Crops
Application Rate (g/ha) Compound A MATCH KCHSC VERPE VIOTR K-salt
Diflufenican Ob Ex Ob Ex Ob Ex Ob Ex 8.75 0 50 -- 67 -- 73 -- 20 --
17.5 0 62 -- 77 -- 78 -- 48 -- 35 0 57 -- 90 -- 83 -- 42 -- 0 12.5
7 -- 12 -- 7 -- 35 -- 8.75 12.5 82 53 80 71 88 75 58 48 17.5 12.5
85 64 82 79 90 80 80 66 35 12.5 87 60 90 91 93 84 82 62
TABLE-US-00061 TABLE 61 Synergistic Activity of Herbicidal
Compositions on Several Key Broadleaf Weeds in Cereal Crops
Application Rate (g/ha) Compound Aminopyralid + MATCH KCHSC VERPE
VIOTR A K-salt Diflufenican Ob Ex Ob Ex Ob Ex Ob Ex 8.75 0 50 -- 67
-- 73 -- 20 -- 17.5 0 62 -- 77 -- 78 -- 48 -- 35 0 57 -- 90 -- 83
-- 42 -- 0 2.5 + 12.5 23 -- 27 -- 35 -- 63 -- 8.75 2.5 + 12.5 80 57
82 71 95 75 86 62 17.5 2.5 + 12.5 80 67 85 79 93 80 90 75 35 2.5 +
12.5 83 63 93 91 93 84 93 72
TABLE-US-00062 TABLE 62 Synergistic Activity of Herbicidal
Compositions on Several Key Broadleaf Weeds in Cereal Crops
Application Rate (g/ha) Compound A MATCH VERPE VIOTR K-salt
Florasulam Ob Ex Ob Ex Ob Ex 8.75 0 50 -- 73 -- 20 -- 17.5 0 62 --
78 -- 48 -- 35 0 57 -- 83 -- 42 -- 0 1.3 83 -- 28 -- 53 -- 8.75 1.3
95 92 80 81 77 63 17.5 1.3 98 94 91 85 80 76 35 1.3 98 93 90 88 80
73
TABLE-US-00063 TABLE 63 Synergistic Activity of Herbicidal
Compositions on Several Key Broadleaf Weeds in Cereal Crops
Application Rate (g/ha) Compound A SASKR KCHSC VIOTR K-salt
Glyphosate Ob Ex Ob Ex Ob Ex 8.75 0 63 -- 67 -- 20 -- 17.5 0 67 --
77 -- 48 -- 35 0 73 -- 90 -- 42 -- 0 52.5 0 -- 0 -- 52 -- 8.75 52.5
83 63 68 67 75 61 17.5 52.5 87 67 83 77 77 75 35 52.5 87 73 87 90
83 72
TABLE-US-00064 TABLE 64 Synergistic Activity of Herbicidal
Compositions on Several Key Broadleaf Weeds in Cereal Crops
Application Rate (g/ha) Compound Pyrasulfotole + MATCH KCHSC VERPE
VIOTR A K-salt Bromoxynil Ob Ex Ob Ex Ob Ex Ob Ex 8.75 0 50 -- 67
-- 73 -- 17.5 0 62 -- 77 -- 78 -- 35 0 57 -- 90 -- 83 -- 0 25.6 23
-- 58 -- 30 -- 8.75 25.6 73 62 90 86 88 81 17.5 25.6 70 71 93 90 90
85 35 25.6 78 67 92 96 92 88 0 51.3 37 -- 78 -- 30 -- 83 -- 8.75
51.3 80 68 97 93 87 81 93 87 17.5 51.3 84 76 100 95 95 85 95 91 35
51.3 87 73 98 98 98 88 88 90 ALOMY = Alopecurus myosuroides APESV =
Apera spica-venti AVEFA = Avena fatua MATCH = Matricaria chamomila
STEME = Stellaria media VIOTR = Viola tricolor CIRAR = Cirsium
arvense PHAMI = Phalaris minor KCHSC = Kochia scoparia POAAN = Poa
annua LOLRI = Lolium rigidum BRSNI = Brassica nigra POLCO =
Polygonum convolvulus LOLMG = Lolium multiflorum SETVI = Setaria
viridis CHEAL = Chenopodium album SINAR = Sinapis arvensis VERPE =
Veronica persica BRSNN = Brassica napus POLPE = Polygonum
persicaria VERHE = Veronica hederifolia BROTE = Bromus tectorum
LOLMU = Lolium multiflorum PESGL = Pennisetum americanum GERDI =
Geranium dissectum SASKR = Salsola iberica
Evaluation of Postemergence Herbicidal Mixtures for Weed Control in
Direct Seeded Rice
[0107] Seeds or nutlets of the desired test plant species were
planted in a soil matrix prepared by mixing a loam soil (43 percent
silt, 19 percent clay, and 38 percent sand, with a pH of about 8.1
and an organic matter content of about 1.5 percent) and river sand
in an 80 to 20 ratio. The soil matrix was contained in plastic pots
with a surface area of 139.7 cm.sup.2. When required to ensure good
germination and healthy plants, a fungicide treatment and/or other
chemical or physical treatment was applied. The plants were grown
for 10-17 days in a greenhouse with an approximate 14 hr
photoperiod which was maintained at about 29.degree. C. during the
day and 26.degree. C. during the night. Nutrients and water were
added on a regular basis and supplemental lighting was provided
with overhead metal halide 1000-Watt lamps as necessary. The plants
were employed for testing when they reached the second or third
true leaf stage.
[0108] Treatments consisted of esters (methyl, n-butyl or allyl) or
salts (TEA [triethylammonium]) of
4-amino-3-chloro-6-(4-chloro-2-fluoro-3-methoxy-phenyl)pyridine-2-carboxy-
lic acid (Compound A),
4-amino-3-chloro-6-(2,4-dichloro-3-methoxyphenyl)pyridine-2-carboxylic
acid (Compound C), or
4-amino-3-chloro-6-(4-chloro-2-fluoro-3-ethoxyphenyl)pyridine-2-carboxyli-
c acid (Compound D), and various herbicidal components alone and in
combination. Weighed amounts were placed in 25 mL glass vials and
dissolved in a volume of 97:3 v/v acetone/DMSO to obtain 12X stock
solutions. If the test compound did not dissolve readily, the
mixture was warmed and/or sonicated. The concentrated stock
solutions were added to the spray solutions so that the final
acetone and DMSO concentrations were 16.2% and 0.5%, respectively.
Spray solutions were diluted to the appropriate final
concentrations with the addition of 10 mL of an aqueous mixture of
1.5% (v/v) Agri-dex crop oil concentrate. The final spray solutions
contained 1.25% (v/v) Agri-dex crop oil concentrate. Compound
requirements are based upon a 12 mL application volume at a rate of
187 L/ha. Formulated compounds were applied to the plant material
with an overhead Mandel track sprayer equipped with a 8002E nozzles
calibrated to deliver 187 L/ha over an application area of 0.503 m
at a spray height of 18 inches (43 cm) above average plant canopy
height. Control plants were sprayed in the same manner with the
solvent blank.
[0109] Forms of compounds A, C, and D were applied on an acid
equivalent basis. Other herbicidal components were applied on an
active ingredient basis and included acetolactate synthase
(ALS)-inhibiting herbicides penoxsulam (triazolopyrimidine chemical
class) applied as Grasp SC, bispyribac-sodium (pyrimidinylbenzoate
chemical class) applied as Regiment 80 DF, halosulfuron-methyl
(sulfonylurea chemical class) applied as Permit, bensulfuron-methyl
(sulfonylurea chemical class) applied as Londax, imazethapyr
(imidazolinone chemical class) applied as Newpath, and imazamox
(imidazolinone chemical class) applied as Beyond; EPSP synthase
inhibiting herbicide glyphosate applied as Glyphomax; photosystem
II (PSII)-inhibiting herbicide propanil applied as Stam 80 EDF;
protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase (Protox)-inhibiting herbicide
carfentrazone-ethyl applied as Aim EC; acetyl CoA carboxylase
(ACCase) inhibiting herbicides cyhalofop-butyl applied as Clincher
SF and fenoxaprop-p-ethyl applied as Ricestar HT; auxinic
herbicides triclopyr applied as Grandstand, MCPA EHE, and
quinclorac applied as Facet 75 DF; auxin transport inhibiting
herbicide diflufenzopyr; phytoene desaturase inhibiting herbicide
norflurazon, p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) inhibiting
herbicide sulcotrione applied as Mikado; other carotenoid
biosynthesis inhibiting herbicides clomazone applied as Command 3
ME and pyriclor.
[0110] The treated plants and control plants were placed in a
greenhouse as described above and watered by sub-irrigation to
prevent wash-off of the test compounds. After 3 weeks, the
condition of the test plants as compared with that of the untreated
plants was determined visually and scored on a scale of 0 to 100
percent where 0 corresponds to no injury and 100 corresponds to
complete kill.
[0111] Colby's equation was used to determine the herbicidal
effects expected from the mixtures (Colby, S. R. 1967. Calculation
of the synergistic and antagonistic response of herbicide
combinations. Weeds 15:20-22.) .
[0112] The following equation was used to calculate the expected
activity of mixtures containing two active ingredients, A and
B:
Expected=A+B-(A.times.B/100)
[0113] A=observed efficacy of active ingredient A at the same
concentration as used in the mixture.
[0114] B=observed efficacy of active ingredient B at the same
concentration as used in the mixture.
[0115] Some of the herbicide combinations tested, application rates
employed, plant species tested, and results are given in Tables
65-98.
TABLE-US-00065 TABLE 65 Synergistic Activity of Herbicidal
Compositions on a Key Broadleaf Weed in Direct Seeded Rice % Injury
Application Rate (g/ha) Application Rate (g/ha) Com- Com- pound
IPOHE pound IPOHE A Methyl Penoxsulam Ob Ex C Methyl Penoxsulam Ob
Ex 4.38 0 10 -- 4.38 0 40 -- 8.75 0 15 -- 8.75 0 70 -- 0 4.38 70 --
0 4.38 70 -- 0 8.75 60 -- 0 8.75 60 -- 4.38 4.38 100 73 4.38 4.38
75 82 8.75 4.38 90 75 8.75 4.38 95 91 4.38 8.75 75 64 4.38 8.75 90
76 8.75 8.75 90 66 8.75 8.75 85 88
TABLE-US-00066 TABLE 66 Synergistic Activity of Herbicidal
Compositions on a Key Grass Weed in Direct Seeded Rice % Injury
Application Rate (g/ha) Com- Application Rate (g/ha) pound LEFCH
Compound LEFCH A Methyl Penoxsulam Ob Ex A n-Butyl Penoxsulam Ob Ex
8.75 0 40 -- 8.75 0 10 -- 0 17.5 0 -- 17.5 0 30 -- 0 35 0 -- 0 35 0
-- 8.75 17.5 80 40 8.75 35 20 10 8.75 35 75 40 17.5 35 60 30
TABLE-US-00067 TABLE 67 Synergistic Activity of Herbicidal
Compositions on a Key Sedge Weed in Direct Seeded Rice % Injury
Application Rate (g/ha) Com- Application Rate (g/ha) pound CYPES
Compound CYPES A Methyl Penoxsulam Ob Ex A n-Butyl Penoxsulam Ob Ex
4.38 0 70 -- 8.75 0 50 -- 8.75 0 30 -- 17.5 0 85 -- 0 17.5 10 -- 0
17.5 10 -- 4.38 17.5 95 73 8.75 17.5 90 55 8.75 17.5 95 37 17.5
17.5 99 87 Application Rate (g/ha) Compound C CYPES Methyl
Penoxsulam Ob Ex 8.75 0 30 -- 17.5 0 65 -- 0 17.5 10 -- 8.75 17.5
95 37 17.5 17.5 90 69
TABLE-US-00068 TABLE 68 Synergistic Activity of Herbicidal
Compositions on a Key Broadleaf Weed in Direct Seeded Rice % Injury
Application Rate (g/ha) Application Rate (g/ha) Com- Com- pound
Bispyribac- IPOHE pound Bispyribac- IPOHE A Methyl sodium Ob Ex A
n-Butyl sodium Ob Ex 4.38 0 0 -- 8.75 0 35 -- 8.75 0 10 -- 17.5 0
30 -- 0 7 10 -- 0 7 10 -- 0 14 50 -- 0 14 15 -- 0 28 60 -- 17.5 7
55 37 4.38 7 20 10 8.75 14 100 45 8.75 7 50 10 17.5 14 95 41 4.38
14 75 50 8.75 14 60 55 4.38 28 90 60 8.75 28 95 64 Application Rate
(g/ha) Compound C Bispyribac- IPOHE Methyl sodium Ob Ex 8.75 0 30
-- 17.5 0 50 -- 0 7 10 -- 0 14 15 -- 8.75 7 45 37 17.5 7 80 55 8.75
14 50 41 17.5 14 90 58
TABLE-US-00069 TABLE 69 Synergistic Activity of Herbicidal
Compositions on Key Sedge Weeds in Direct Seeded Rice % Injury
Application Rate (g/ha) Application Rate (g/ha) Compound
Bispyribac- CYPES CYPIR Compound Bispyribac- CYPIR A Methyl sodium
Ob Ex Ob Ex C Methyl sodium Ob Ex 4.38 0 85 -- 70 -- 8.75 0 25 --
8.75 0 90 -- 70 -- 17.5 0 40 -- 0 14 0 -- 90 -- 0 7 40 -- 0 28 50
-- 95 -- 0 14 90 -- 4.38 14 90 85 95 97 8.75 7 99 55 8.75 14 100 90
99 97 17.5 7 95 64 4.38 28 95 93 100 99 8.75 14 100 93 8.75 28 100
95 95 99 17.5 14 100 94
TABLE-US-00070 TABLE 70 Synergistic Activity of Herbicidal
Compositions on a Key Grass Weed in Direct Seeded Rice % Injury
Application Rate (g/ha) Application Rate (g/ha) Compound A
Halosulfuron- LEFCH Compound A Halosulfuron- LEFCH Methyl methyl Ob
Ex n-Butyl methyl Ob Ex 8.75 0 40 -- 17.5 0 30 -- 0 26 0 -- 35 0 60
-- 0 52 0 -- 0 26 0 -- 8.75 26 50 40 0 52 0 -- 8.75 52 60 40 17.5
26 45 30 35 26 95 60 17.5 52 40 30 35 52 85 60
TABLE-US-00071 TABLE 71 Synergistic Activity of Herbicidal
Compositions on a Key Grass Weed in Direct Seeded Rice % Injury
Application Rate (g/ha) Com- Application Rate (g/ha) pound
Bensulfuron- LEFCH Compound C Bensulfuron- LEFCH A Methyl methyl Ob
Ex Methyl methyl Ob Ex 4.38 0 30 -- 4.38 0 0 -- 0 4.38 20 -- 0 4.38
20 -- 0 8.75 0 -- 0 8.75 0 -- 4.38 4.38 55 44 4.38 4.38 45 20 4.38
8.75 99 30 4.38 8.75 55 0
TABLE-US-00072 TABLE 72 Synergistic Activity of Herbicidal
Compositions on a Key Grass Weed in Direct Seeded Rice % Injury
Application Rate (g/ha) Com- Application Rate (g/ha) pound ISCRU
Compound ISCRU A Methyl Imazethapyr Ob Ex A n-Butyl Imazethapyr Ob
Ex 8.75 0 50 -- 35 0 20 -- 17.5 0 55 -- 70 0 50 -- 0 35 20 -- 0 35
20 -- 8.75 35 90 60 35 35 70 36 17.5 35 90 64 70 35 95 60
TABLE-US-00073 TABLE 73 Synergistic Activity of Herbicidal
Compositions on a Key Grass Weed in Direct Seeded Rice % Injury
Application Rate (g/ha) Application Rate (g/ha) Compound Compound A
ISCRU A ISCRU Methyl Imazamox Ob Ex n-Butyl Imazamox Ob Ex 8.75 0
50 -- 35 0 20 -- 17.5 0 55 -- 70 0 50 -- 0 22.4 50 -- 0 22.4 50 --
8.75 22.4 80 75 35 22.4 85 60 17.5 22.4 95 78 70 22.4 100 75
TABLE-US-00074 TABLE 74 Synergistic Activity of Herbicidal
Compositions on Key Broadleaf Weeds in Direct Seeded Rice % Injury
Application Rate Application Rate (g/ha) (g/ha) Compound IPOHE
POLPE Compound IPOHE POLPE A Methyl Propanil Ob Ex Ob Ex C Methyl
Propanil Ob Ex Ob Ex 8.75 0 85 -- 50 -- 35 0 65 -- 85 -- 17.5 0 85
-- 90 -- 70 0 85 -- 100 -- 0 560 10 -- 10 -- 0 560 10 -- 10 -- 0
1120 10 -- 40 -- 0 1120 10 -- 40 -- 8.75 560 95 87 100 55 35 560 70
69 100 87 17.5 560 100 87 80 91 70 560 90 87 100 100 8.75 1120 100
87 100 70 35 1120 95 69 100 91 17.5 1120 95 87 70 94 70 1120 100 87
100 100
TABLE-US-00075 TABLE 75 Synergistic Speed of Activity of Herbicidal
Compositions on Key Sedge Weeds in Direct Seeded Rice % Injury at
11 DAA % Injury at 21 DAA Application Rate Application Rate (g/ha)
(g/ha) Compound CYPIR SCPMA Compound CYPIR SCPMA A n-Butyl Propanil
Ob Ex Ob Ex A n-Butyl Propanil Ob Ex Ob Ex 35 0 60 -- 30 -- 35 0 60
-- 50 -- 70 0 90 -- 100 -- 70 0 100 -- 100 -- 0 560 10 -- 30 -- 0
560 0 -- 0 -- 0 1120 10 -- 30 -- 0 1120 0 -- 0 -- 35 560 100 64 50
51 35 560 100 60 50 50 70 560 95 91 100 100 70 560 99 100 100 100
35 1120 90 64 90 51 35 1120 99 60 100 50 70 1120 100 91 95 100 70
1120 100 100 100 100
TABLE-US-00076 TABLE 76 Synergistic Activity of Herbicidal
Compositions on a Key Broadleaf Weed in Direct Seeded Rice % Injury
Application Rate (g/ha) Compound Carfentrazone- POLPE A n-Butyl
ethyl Ob Ex 4.38 0 40 -- 8.75 0 60 -- 0 14 0 -- 4.38 14 50 40 8.75
14 100 60
TABLE-US-00077 TABLE 77 Synergistic Activity of Herbicidal
Compositions on Key Sedge Weeds in Direct Seeded Rice % Injury
Application Rate (g/ha) Application Rate (g/ha) Compound
Carfentrazone- CYPES Compound Carfentrazone- CYPES A Methyl ethyl
Ob Ex A n-Butyl ethyl Ob Ex 4.38 0 85 -- 8.75 0 50 -- 8.75 0 90 --
17.5 0 90 -- 0 56 10 -- 0 56 10 -- 0 112 0 -- 0 112 0 -- 4.38 56
100 87 8.75 56 85 55 8.75 56 100 91 17.5 56 90 91 4.38 112 100 85
8.75 112 100 50 8.75 112 100 90 17.5 112 100 90 Application Rate
(g/ha) Application Rate (g/ha) Compound Carfentrazone- CYPES
Compound Carfentrazone- CYPIR C Methyl ethyl Ob Ex C Methyl ethyl
Ob Ex 8.75 0 65 -- 8.75 0 25 -- 17.5 0 100 -- 17.5 0 40 -- 0 56 10
-- 0 14 0 -- 0 112 0 -- 0 28 0 -- 8.75 56 100 68 8.75 14 50 25 17.5
56 85 100 17.5 28 100 40 8.75 112 100 65 17.5 112 99 100
TABLE-US-00078 TABLE 78 Synergistic Speed of Activity of Herbicidal
Compositions on a Key Sedge Weed in Direct Seeded Rice % Injury
Application Rate (g/ha) 11 DAA 21 DAA Carfentrazone- CYPES CYPES
ethyl Ob Ex Ob Ex Compound A Methyl 8.75 0 60 -- 100 -- 17.5 0 70
-- 99 -- 0 14 10 -- 0 -- 0 28 10 -- 0 -- 8.75 14 100 64 95 100 17.5
14 100 73 99 99 8.75 28 100 64 100 100 17.5 28 70 73 80 99 Compound
A n-Butyl 35 0 50 -- 90 -- 70 0 75 -- 100 -- 0 14 10 -- 0 -- 0 28
10 -- 0 -- 35 14 70 55 85 90 70 14 80 78 99 100 35 28 100 55 100 90
70 28 100 78 100 100
TABLE-US-00079 TABLE 79 Synergistic Activity of Herbicidal
Compositions on key Broadleaf Weeds in Direct Seeded Rice % Injury
Application Rate (g/ha) Application Rate (g/ha) Compound A IPOHE
Compound C IPOHE Methyl Cyhalofop-butyl Ob Ex Methyl
Cyhalofop-butyl Ob Ex 8.75 0 40 -- 8.75 0 10 -- 17.5 0 75 -- 17.5 0
40 -- 0 280 0 -- 35 0 20 -- 8.75 280 90 40 0 140 0 -- 17.5 280 90
75 0 280 0 -- 8.75 140 85 10 17.5 140 85 40 35 140 90 20 8.75 280
40 10 17.5 280 90 40 35 280 90 20 Application Rate (g/ha)
Application Rate (g/ha) Compound A POLPY Compound A POLPY Methyl
Cyhalofop-butyl Ob Ex n-Butyl Cyhalofop-butyl Ob Ex 4.38 0 50 --
8.75 0 40 -- 8.75 0 60 -- 17.5 0 90 -- 0 100 0 -- 0 100 0 -- 4.38
100 0 -- 8.75 100 0 -- 8.75 100 40 50 17.5 100 55 40 0 200 50 60 0
200 95 90 4.38 200 65 50 8.75 200 80 40 8.75 200 75 60 17.5 200 95
90 Application Rate (g/ha) Compound C POLPY Methyl Cyhalofop-butyl
Ob Ex 8.75 0 10 -- 17.5 0 15 -- 0 100 0 -- 8.75 100 0 -- 17.5 100
20 10 0 200 35 15 8.75 200 10 10 17.5 200 30 15
TABLE-US-00080 TABLE 80 Synergistic Activity of Herbicidal
Compositions on Key Sedge Weeds in Direct Seeded Rice % Injury
Application Rate (g/ha) Com- Application Rate (g/ha) pound
Cyhalofop- CYPES Compound Cyhalofop- CYPIR C Methyl butyl Ob Ex A
Methyl butyl Ob Ex 8.75 0 30 -- 8.75 0 30 -- 17.5 0 65 -- 35 0 50
-- 0 100 0 -- 0 140 0 -- 0 200 0 -- 0 280 0 -- 8.75 100 85 30 8.75
140 40 30 17.5 100 85 65 35 140 85 50 8.75 200 95 30 8.75 280 35 30
17.5 200 95 65 35 280 75 50 Application Rate (g/ha) Com-
Application Rate (g/ha) pound Cyhalofop- CYPIR Compound Cyhalofop-
CYPIR C Methyl butyl Ob Ex D Methyl butyl Ob Ex 17.5 0 0 -- 8.75 0
50 -- 35 0 40 -- 35 0 80 -- 0 140 0 -- 0 140 0 -- 0 280 0 -- 0 280
0 -- 17.5 140 25 0 8.75 140 60 50 35 140 80 40 35 140 75 80 17.5
280 50 0 8.75 280 70 50 35 280 70 40 35 280 95 80
TABLE-US-00081 TABLE 81 Synergistic Activity of Herbicidal
Compositions on a Key Broadleaf Weed in Direct Seeded Rice % Injury
Application Rate (g/ha) Compound Fenoxaprop- POLPY A Allyl p-ethyl
Ob Ex 17.5 0 70 -- 0 35 0 -- 17.5 35 85 70
TABLE-US-00082 TABLE 82 Synergistic Activity of Herbicidal
Compositions on Key Sedge Weeds in Direct Seeded Rice % Injury
Application Rate (g/ha) Compound Fenoxaprop- FIMMI SCPMA A Allyl
p-ethyl Ob Ex Ob Ex 17.5 0 40 -- 0 -- 0 35 0 -- 0 -- 17.5 35 95 40
40 0
TABLE-US-00083 TABLE 83 Synergistic Activity of Herbicidal
Compositions on a Key Sedge Weed in Direct Seeded Rice % Injury
Application Rate (g/ha) Compound Triclopyr- CYPES C Methyl TEA Ob
Ex 8.75 0 65 -- 0 140 0 -- 0 280 0 -- 8.75 140 100 65 8.75 280 90
65
TABLE-US-00084 TABLE 84 Synergistic Activity of Herbicidal
Compositions on Key Grass Weeds in Direct Seeded Rice % Injury
Application Rate (g/ha) Compound MCPA BRAPP ISCRU A Allyl EHE Ob Ex
Ob Ex 8.75 0 60 -- 10 -- 17.5 0 99 -- 40 -- 0 70 0 -- 0 -- 0 140 0
-- 0 -- 8.75 70 80 60 0 10 17.5 70 70 99 20 40 8.75 140 100 60 50
10 17.5 140 85 99 50 40
TABLE-US-00085 TABLE 85 Synergistic Activity of Herbicidal
Compositions on a Key Sedge Weed in Direct Seeded Rice % Injury
Application Rate (g/ha) Compound MCPA FIMMI A Allyl EHE Ob Ex 8.75
0 0 -- 17.5 0 20 -- 0 70 0 -- 0 140 0 -- 8.75 70 40 0 17.5 70 30 20
8.75 140 80 0 17.5 140 95 20
TABLE-US-00086 TABLE 86 Synergistic Activity of Herbicidal
Compositions on Key Sedge Weeds in Direct Seeded Rice % Injury
Application Rate (g/ha) Application Rate (g/ha) Com- Compound CYPIR
pound FIMMI A Methyl Quinclorac Ob Ex A Allyl Quinclorac Ob Ex 4.38
0 30 -- 8.75 0 0 -- 8.75 0 75 -- 17.5 0 40 -- 0 140 0 -- 0 140 0 --
4.38 140 70 30 8.75 140 60 0 8.75 140 85 75 17.5 140 100 40
TABLE-US-00087 TABLE 87 Synergistic Activity of Herbicidal
Compositions on a Key Broadleaf Weed in Direct Seeded Rice % Injury
Application Rate (g/ha) Compound IPOHE A Methyl Diflufenzopyr Ob Ex
4.38 0 20 -- 8.75 0 40 -- 17.5 0 75 -- 0 4.38 10 -- 0 8.75 40 -- 0
17.5 60 -- 0 35 65 -- 4.38 4.38 30 28 8.75 4.38 65 46 17.5 4.38 90
78 4.38 8.75 65 52 8.75 8.75 65 64 17.5 8.75 80 85 4.38 17.5 75 68
8.75 17.5 90 76 17.5 17.5 95 90 4.38 35 70 72 8.75 35 85 79 17.5 35
95 91
TABLE-US-00088 TABLE 88 Synergistic Activity of Herbicidal
Compositions on a Key Grass Weed in Direct Seeded Rice % Injury
Application Rate (g/ha) Compound LEFCH A Methyl Diflufenzopyr Ob Ex
4.38 0 30 -- 8.75 0 80 -- 17.5 0 75 -- 35 0 90 -- 0 8.75 0 -- 4.38
8.75 45 30 8.75 8.75 90 80 17.5 8.75 95 75 35 8.75 90 90
TABLE-US-00089 TABLE 89 Synergistic Activity of Herbicidal
Compositions on a Key Sedge Weed in Direct Seeded Rice % Injury
Application Rate (g/ha) Compound CYPIR A Methyl Diflufenzopyr Ob Ex
8.75 0 30 -- 35 0 50 -- 0 4.38 10 -- 0 8.75 15 -- 0 17.5 20 -- 0 35
30 -- 8.75 4.38 25 37 35 4.38 85 55 8.75 8.75 55 41 35 8.75 90 58
8.75 17.5 60 44 35 17.5 95 60 8.75 35 60 51 35 35 95 65
TABLE-US-00090 TABLE 90 Synergistic Activity of Herbicidal
Compositions on a Key Grass Weed in Direct Seeded Rice % Injury
Application Rate (g/ha) Compound LEFCH A Methyl Clomazone Ob Ex
4.38 0 10 -- 17.5 0 50 -- 0 560 40 -- 4.38 560 85 46 17.5 560 99
70
TABLE-US-00091 TABLE 91 Synergistic Activity of Herbicidal
Compositions on a Key Sedge Weed in Direct Seeded Rice % Injury
Application Rate (g/ha) Compound CYPIR A Methyl Clomazone Ob Ex
4.38 0 80 -- 0 560 0 -- 0 1120 0 -- 4.38 560 90 80 4.38 1120 100
80
TABLE-US-00092 TABLE 92 Synergistic Activity of Herbicidal
Compositions on a Key Grass Weed in Direct Seeded Rice % Injury
Application Rate (g/ha) Com- Application Rate (g/ha) pound BRAPP
Compound BRAPP A Methyl Norflurazon Ob Ex A Allyl Norflurazon Ob Ex
8.75 0 60 -- 8.75 0 80 -- 0 70 0 -- 0 70 0 -- 8.75 70 90 60 8.75 70
95 80
TABLE-US-00093 TABLE 93 Synergistic Activity of Herbicidal
Compositions on Key Sedge Weeds in Direct Seeded Rice % Injury
Application Rate (g/ha) CYPES CYPIR FIMMI SCPMA Norflurazon Ob Ex
Ob Ex Ob Ex Ob Ex Compound A Methyl 4.38 0 40 -- 25 -- 20 -- 0 --
8.75 0 60 -- 50 -- 40 -- 10 -- 0 560 0 -- 0 -- 0 -- 60 -- 4.38 560
90 40 20 25 65 20 80 60 8.75 560 99 60 90 50 90 40 90 64 Compound A
Allyl 17.5 0 50 -- 35 -- 50 -- 10 -- 35 0 95 -- 85 -- 60 -- 20 -- 0
560 0 -- 0 -- 0 -- 60 -- 17.5 560 90 50 60 35 70 50 70 64 35 560
100 95 70 85 70 60 99 68
TABLE-US-00094 TABLE 94 Synergistic Activity of Herbicidal
Compositions on a Key Grass Weed in Direct Seeded Rice % Injury
Application Rate (g/ha) Application Rate (g/ha) Com- Com- pound
pound BRAPP A BRAPP A Methyl Sulcotrione Ob Ex Allyl Sulcotrione Ob
Ex 4.38 0 60 -- 4.38 0 80 -- 8.75 0 60 -- 8.75 0 100 -- 0 70 15 --
0 70 70 -- 4.38 70 60 66 4.38 70 99 83 8.75 70 85 66 8.75 70 100
100
TABLE-US-00095 TABLE 95 Synergistic Activity of Herbicidal
Compositions on a Key Grass Weed in Direct Seeded Rice % Injury
Application Rate (g/ha) Compound DIGSA A Methyl Pyriclor Ob Ex 4.38
0 40 -- 17.5 0 50 -- 0 140 80 -- 4.38 140 99 88 17.5 140 100 90
TABLE-US-00096 TABLE 96 Synergistic Activity of Herbicidal
Compositions on a Key Broadleaf Weed in Direct Seeded Rice % Injury
Application Rate (g/ha) Com- Application Rate (g/ha) pound POLPY
Compound POLPY A Methyl Glyphosate Ob Ex A Allyl Glyphosate Ob Ex
4.38 0 10 -- 17.5 0 90 -- 8.75 0 50 -- 35 0 70 -- 0 70 0 -- 0 70 0
-- 4.38 70 40 10 17.5 70 95 90 8.75 70 60 50 35 70 90 70
TABLE-US-00097 TABLE 97 Synergistic Activity of Herbicidal
Compositions on Key Grass Weeds in Direct Seeded Rice % Injury
Application Rate (g/ha) Compound DIGSA LEFCH A Methyl Glyphosate Ob
Ex Ob Ex 4.38 0 0 -- 20 -- 8.75 0 20 -- 30 -- 0 70 0 -- 20 -- 4.38
70 60 0 50 35 8.75 70 80 20 40 44
TABLE-US-00098 TABLE 98 Synergistic Activity of Herbicidal
Compositions on Key Sedge Weeds in Direct Seeded Rice % Injury
Application Rate (g/ha) Compound CYPES CYPIR A Allyl Glyphosate Ob
Ex Ob Ex 17.5 0 50 -- 35 -- 35 0 95 -- 85 -- 0 70 10 -- 0 -- 17.5
70 90 55 65 35 35 70 95 96 100 85
Evaluation of Herbicidal Mixtures for Weed Control in Transplanted
Paddy Rice
[0116] Weed seeds or nutlets of the desired test plant species were
planted in puddled soil (mud) prepared by mixing a non-sterilized
mineral soil (28 percent silt, 18 percent clay, and 54 percent
sand, with a pH of about 7.3 to 7.8 and an organic matter content
of about 1.0 percent) and water at a ratio of 100 kilograms (kg) of
soil to 19 L of water. The prepared mud was dispensed in 250 mL
aliquots into 480 mL non-perforated plastic pots with a surface
area of 91.6 square centimeters leaving a headspace of 3
centimeters in each pot. Rice seeds were planted in Sun Gro
MetroMix.RTM. 306 planting mixture, which typically has a pH of 6.0
to 6.8 and an organic matter content of about 30 percent, in
plastic plug trays. Seedlings at the second or third leaf stage of
growth were transplanted into 650 mL of mud contained in 960 mL
non-perforated plastic pots with a surface area of 91.6 cm.sup.2 4
days prior to herbicide application. The paddy was created by
filling the 3 centimeter headspace of the pots with water. When
required to ensure good germination and healthy plants, a fungicide
treatment and/or other chemical or physical treatment was applied.
The plants were grown for 4-14 days in a greenhouse with an
approximate 14 hr photoperiod which was maintained at about
29.degree. C. during the day and 26.degree. C. during the night.
Nutrients were added as Osmocote (17:6:10, N:P:K+minor nutrients)
at 2 g per cup. Water was added on a regular basis to maintain the
paddy flood, and supplemental lighting was provided with overhead
metal halide 1000-Watt lamps as necessary. The plants were employed
for testing when they reached the second or third true leaf
stage.
[0117] Treatments consisted of esters or salts of compound A,
compound C, or compound D and various herbicidal components alone
and in combination. For technical grade compounds, a weighed
amount, determined by the highest rate to be tested, was placed in
an individual 120 mL glass vial and was dissolved in 20 mL of
acetone to obtain concentrated stock solutions. If the test
compound did not dissolve readily, the mixture was warmed and/or
sonicated. The concentrated stock solutions obtained were diluted
with 20 mL of an aqueous mixture containing 2.5% Agri-dex crop oil
concentrate (v/v). For formulated compounds, a measured amount,
determined by the highest rate to be tested, was placed in an
individual 120 mL glass vial and was dissolved in 20 mL of 2.5%
(v/v) Agri-dex crop oil concentrate to obtain concentrated stock
solutions. The concentrated stock solutions obtained were diluted
with 20 mL of acetone. Applications were made by injecting an
appropriate amount of the stock solution into the aqueous layer of
the paddy. Control plants were treated in the same manner with the
solvent blank. All treated plant material received the same
concentration of acetone and crop oil concentrate.
[0118] Forms of compounds A, C, and D were applied on an acid
equivalent basis. Other herbicidal components were applied on an
active ingredient basis and included acetolactate synthase
(ALS)-inhibiting herbicides penoxsulam (triazolopyrimidine chemical
class) applied as Grasp SC, pyrazosulfuron-methyl (sulfonylurea
chemical class) applied as Sirius G, and bensulfuron-methyl
(sulfonylurea chemical class) applied as Londax; acetyl CoA
carboxylase (ACCase) inhibiting herbicides cyhalofop-butyl applied
as Clincher G and fenoxaprop-p-ethyl applied as Ricestar HT;
auxinic herbicide quinclorac applied as Facet 75 DF; phytoene
desaturase inhibiting herbicide norflurazon; and
p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) inhibiting herbicide
sulcotrione applied as Mikado.
[0119] The treated plants and control plants were placed in a
greenhouse as described above and water was added as needed to
maintain a paddy flood. After 3 weeks the condition of the test
plants as compared with that of the untreated plants was determined
visually and scored on a scale of 0 to 100 percent where 0
corresponds to no injury and 100 corresponds to complete kill.
[0120] Some of the herbicide combinations tested, application rates
employed, plant species tested, and results are given in Tables
99-113.
TABLE-US-00099 TABLE 99 Synergistic Activity of Herbicidal
Compositions on Key Grass weeds in Transplanted Paddy Rice % Injury
Application Rate (g/ha) Application Rate (g/ha) Compound A
Bensulfuron- ECHCG ECHCO Compound C Bensulfuron- ECHCG Methyl
methyl Ob Ex Ob Ex Methyl methyl Ob Ex 8.75 0 0 -- 0 -- 17.5 0 0 --
17.5 0 0 -- 25 -- 35 0 10 -- 35 0 25 -- 20 -- 0 35 20 -- 0 35 20 --
20 -- 0 70 45 -- 0 70 45 -- 30 -- 17.5 35 40 20 8.75 35 40 20 35 20
35 35 45 28 17.5 35 55 20 35 40 17.5 70 60 45 35 35 60 40 50 36 35
70 55 51 8.75 70 60 45 40 30 17.5 70 65 45 55 48 35 70 80 59 60 44
Application Rate (g/ha) Application Rate (g/ha) Compound A
Bensulfuron- ECHCG LEFCH Compound C Bensulfuron- ECHCG TEA methyl
Ob Ex Ob Ex TEA methyl Ob Ex 35 0 0 -- 50 -- 35 0 20 -- 70 0 25 --
95 -- 70 0 50 -- 0 35 65 -- 15 -- 0 35 65 -- 0 70 70 -- 30 -- 0 70
70 -- 35 35 90 65 85 58 35 35 95 72 70 35 95 74 100 96 70 35 99 83
35 70 80 70 90 65 35 70 100 76 70 70 95 78 100 97 70 70 95 85
TABLE-US-00100 TABLE 100 Synergistic Activity of Herbicidal
Compositions on Key Sedge weeds in Transplanted Paddy Rice % Injury
Application Rate (g/ha) Application Rate (g/ha) Compound A
Bensulfuron- CYPES Compound C Bensulfuron- ELOKU FIMMI Methyl
methyl Ob Ex TEA methyl Ob Ex Ob Ex 4.38 0 0 -- 35 0 0 -- 0 -- 8.75
0 15 -- 70 0 50 -- 0 -- 0 4.38 40 -- 0 35 20 -- 10 -- 0 8.75 50 --
0 70 70 -- 50 -- 4.38 4.38 85 40 35 35 50 20 0 10 8.75 4.38 75 49
70 35 60 60 40 10 4.38 8.75 85 50 35 70 80 70 40 50 8.75 8.75 85 58
70 70 80 85 100 50
TABLE-US-00101 TABLE 101 Synergistic Activity of Herbicidal
Compositions on a key Grass Weed in Transplanted Paddy Rice %
Injury Application Rate (g/ha) Application Rate (g/ha) Compound A
Pyrazosulfuron- ECHCG Compound C Pyrazosulfuron- ECHCG Methyl ethyl
Ob Ex Methyl ethyl Ob Ex 4.38 0 0 -- 4.38 0 0 -- 8.75 0 25 -- 8.75
0 0 -- 0 5.25 20 -- 0 5.25 20 -- 4.38 5.25 35 20 4.38 5.25 45 20
8.75 5.25 80 40 8.75 5.25 20 20
TABLE-US-00102 TABLE 102 Synergistic Activity of Herbicidal
Compositions on Key Grass weeds in Transplanted Paddy Rice % Injury
Application Rate (g/ha) Application Rate (g/ha) Compound A ECHCG
Compound C ECHCG Methyl Penoxsulam Ob Ex Methyl Penoxsulam Ob Ex
4.38 0 0 -- 4.38 0 0 -- 8.75 0 25 -- 8.75 0 0 -- 0 4.38 70 -- 0
4.38 70 -- 4.38 4.38 90 70 4.38 4.38 95 70 8.75 4.38 95 78 8.75
4.38 70 70 Application Rate (g/ha) Application Rate (g/ha) Compound
A LEFCH Compound C LEFCH Methyl Penoxsulam Ob Ex Methyl Penoxsulam
Ob Ex 8.75 0 0 -- 17.5 0 0 -- 17.5 0 0 -- 35 0 0 -- 35 0 0 -- 70 0
0 -- 0 17.5 15 -- 0 17.5 15 -- 0 35 20 -- 0 35 20 -- 8.75 17.5 30
15 17.5 17.5 20 15 17.5 17.5 20 15 35 17.5 30 15 35 17.5 20 15 70
17.5 20 15 8.75 35 30 20 17.5 35 30 20 17.5 35 30 20 35 35 30 20 35
35 35 20 70 35 35 20 Application Rate (g/ha) Compound C LEFCH TEA
Penoxsulam Ob Ex 35 0 50 -- 70 0 95 -- 0 8.75 0 -- 35 8.75 80 50 70
8.75 100 95
TABLE-US-00103 TABLE 103 Synergistic Activity of Herbicidal
Compositions on Key Sedge weeds in Transplanted Paddy Rice % Injury
Application Rate (g/ha) Application Rate (g/ha) Compound A CYPES
CYPIR ELOKU Compound C ELOKU TEA Penoxsulam Ob Ex Ob Ex Ob Ex TEA
Penoxsulam Obs Ex 35 0 20 -- 10 -- 30 -- 35 0 0 -- 70 0 50 -- 20 --
20 -- 70 0 50 -- 0 8.75 40 -- 70 -- 0 -- 0 8.75 0 -- 35 8.75 60 52
100 73 60 30 35 8.75 60 0 70 8.75 95 70 90 76 80 20 70 8.75 80
50
TABLE-US-00104 TABLE 104 Synergistic Activity of Herbicidal
Compositions on a Key Broadleaf Weed in Transplanted Paddy Rice %
Injury Application Rate (g/ha) Compound Cyhalofop- SPDZE C TEA
butyl Ob Ex 35 0 50 -- 70 0 80 -- 0 90 0 -- 35 90 70 50 70 90 95
80
TABLE-US-00105 TABLE 105 Synergistic Activity of Herbicidal
Compositions on Key Grass weedS in Transplanted Paddy Rice % Injury
Application Rate (g/ha) Application Rate (g/ha) Compound A
Cyhalofop- ECHCG LEFCH Compound C Cyhalofop- ECHCG LEFCH TEA butyl
Ob Ex Ob Ex TEA butyl Ob Ex Ob Ex 35 0 0 -- 80 -- 35 0 0 -- 50 --
70 0 50 -- 99 -- 70 0 25 -- 95 -- 0 90 50 -- 50 -- 0 90 50 -- 50 --
0 180 75 -- 0 180 95 -- 35 90 100 25 100 75 35 90 100 50 100 75 70
90 100 75 100 100 70 90 100 63 100 98 35 180 100 75 35 180 100 95
70 180 100 98 70 180 100 96
TABLE-US-00106 TABLE 106 Synergistic Activity of Herbicidal
Compositions on Key Sedge weeds in Transplanted Paddy Rice % Injury
Application Rate (g/ha) Compound A Cyhalofop- CYPES CYPIR FIMMI
SCPMA SCPJU TEA butyl Ob Ex Ob Ex Ob Ex Ob Ex Ob Ex 35 0 25 -- 10
-- 0 -- 0 -- 85 -- 70 0 50 -- 20 -- 0 -- 50 -- 95 -- 0 90 0 -- 0 --
0 -- 0 -- 0 -- 35 90 100 25 40 10 40 10 10 0 100 85 70 90 100 50
100 20 100 60 100 50 100 95 Application Rate (g/ha) Compound C
Cyhalofop- CYPES CYPIR FIMMI SCPMA TEA butyl Ob Ex Ob Ex Ob Ex Ob
Ex 35 0 0 -- 20 -- 0 -- 0 -- 70 0 40 -- 60 -- 0 -- 0 -- 0 90 0 -- 0
-- 0 -- 0 -- 35 90 100 0 100 20 100 0 20 0 70 90 100 40 100 60 100
0 20 0
TABLE-US-00107 TABLE 107 Synergistic Activity of Herbicidal
Compositions on Key Sedge weeds in Transplanted Paddy Rice % Injury
Application Rate (g/ha) Application Rate (g/ha) Compound A
Fenoxaprop- FIMMI SCPJU Compound A Fenoxaprop- FIMMI SCPJU Methyl
p-ethyl Ob Ex Ob Ex TEA p-ethyl Ob Ex Ob Ex 17.5 0 20 -- 90 -- 17.5
0 30 -- 60 -- 0 35 0 -- 0 -- 0 35 0 -- 0 -- 17.5 35 100 20 95 90
17.5 35 100 30 80 60
TABLE-US-00108 TABLE 108 Synergistic Activity of Herbicidal
Compositions on a key Broadleaf Weed in Transplanted Paddy Rice %
Injury Application Application Rate (g/ha) Rate (g/ha) Com- Com-
pound pound A MASCR A MASCR Methyl Quinclorac Ob Ex TEA Quinclorac
Ob Ex 17.5 0 0 -- 17.5 0 35 0 50 -- 35 0 60 -- 0 140 0 -- 0 140 0
-- 17.5 140 40 0 17.5 140 80 60 35 140 60 50 35 140 80 60
TABLE-US-00109 TABLE 109 Synergistic Activity of Herbicidal
Compositions on key Grass weeds in Transplanted Paddy Rice % Injury
Application Rate (g/ha) Application Rate (g/ha) Compound A LEFCH
Compound A LEFCH ECHCG Methyl Quinclorac Ob Ex TEA Quinclorac Ob Ex
Ob Ex 17.5 0 10 -- 17.5 0 10 -- 10 -- 35 0 20 -- 35 0 15 -- 80 -- 0
140 0 -- 0 140 0 -- 0 -- 17.5 140 20 10 17.5 140 60 10 100 10 35
140 45 20 35 140 70 15 100 80
TABLE-US-00110 TABLE 110 Synergistic Activity of Herbicidal
Compositions on Key sedge weeds in Transplanted Paddy Rice % Injury
Application Rate (g/ha) Application Rate(g/ha) Compound A CYPES
FIMMI Compound A FIMMI FIMMI Methyl Quinclorac Ob Ex Ob Ex TEA
Quinclorac Ob Ex Ob Ex 17.5 0 50 -- 20 -- 17.5 0 30 -- 30 -- 0 140
0 -- 0 -- 0 140 0 -- 0 -- 17.5 140 100 50 100 20 17.5 140 100 96 60
30
TABLE-US-00111 TABLE 111 Synergistic Activity of Herbicidal
Compositions on Key Grass weeds in Transplanted Paddy Rice % Injury
Application Rate (g/ha) Compound A ECHOR ECHCG TEA Quinclorac Ob Ex
Ob Ex 35 0 10 -- 10 -- 0 70 0 -- 0 -- 35 70 35 10 35 10
TABLE-US-00112 TABLE 112 Synergistic Activity of Herbicidal
Compositions on a key sedge Weed in Transplanted Paddy Rice %
Injury Application Rate (g/ha) Application Rate (g/ha) Compound A
CYPES Compound A CYPES Methyl Norflurazon Ob Ex TEA Norflurazon Ob
Ex 35 0 60 -- 17.5 0 30 -- 0 70 0 -- 35 0 70 -- 35 70 95 60 0 70 0
-- 17.5 70 50 30 35 70 100 70
TABLE-US-00113 TABLE 113 Synergistic Activity of Herbicidal
Compositions on a key Grass Weed in Transplanted Paddy Rice %
Injury Application Rate (g/ha) Application Rate (g/ha) Com-
Compound pound ECHOR A ECHOR A Methyl Sulcotrione Ob Ex TEA
Sulcotrione Ob Ex 17.5 0 0 -- 17.5 0 0 -- 35 0 10 -- 35 0 10 -- 0
70 10 -- 0 70 10 -- 17.5 70 25 10 17.5 70 30 10 35 70 85 19 35 70
60 19 IPOHE = Ipomoea hederacea POLPE = Polygonum persicaria SPDZE
= Sphenoclea zeylanica ECHCG = Echinochloa crus-galli ISCRU =
Ischaemum rugosum CYPES = Cyperus esculentus ELOKU = Eleocharis
kuroguwai SCPJU = Scirpus juncoides Ob = observed values Ex =
expected, calculated values DAA = days after application MASCR =
Marsilea crenata POLPY = Polygonum pensylvanicum DIGSA = Digitaria
sanguinalis ECHOR = Echinocloa oryzoides LEFCH = Leptochloa
chinensis CYPIR = Cyperus iria FIMMI = Fimbristylis miliacea SCPMA
= Scirpus maritimus
* * * * *