U.S. patent application number 12/220672 was filed with the patent office on 2009-02-19 for phosphorous-containing surfactants as polymeric cationic compound deposition aids.
This patent application is currently assigned to Croda, Inc.. Invention is credited to Eduardo Caballero, Robert Comber, Charles Moses, Abel G. Pereira.
Application Number | 20090047230 12/220672 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 40305129 |
Filed Date | 2009-02-19 |
United States Patent
Application |
20090047230 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Caballero; Eduardo ; et
al. |
February 19, 2009 |
Phosphorous-containing surfactants as polymeric cationic compound
deposition aids
Abstract
Personal care products exhibiting superior conditioning and/or
color fastness can be obtained by use of mixtures of certain
phosphate esters and polyquats.
Inventors: |
Caballero; Eduardo;
(Bethlehem, PA) ; Pereira; Abel G.; (Bridgewater,
NJ) ; Moses; Charles; (Stamford, CT) ; Comber;
Robert; (Doylestown, PA) |
Correspondence
Address: |
LERNER, DAVID, LITTENBERG,;KRUMHOLZ & MENTLIK
600 SOUTH AVENUE WEST
WESTFIELD
NJ
07090
US
|
Assignee: |
Croda, Inc.
Edison
NJ
|
Family ID: |
40305129 |
Appl. No.: |
12/220672 |
Filed: |
July 25, 2008 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
60962213 |
Jul 27, 2007 |
|
|
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
424/70.2 ;
424/70.11; 510/122; 510/130 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61K 2800/5426 20130101;
A61K 8/55 20130101; A61K 8/817 20130101; A61Q 5/10 20130101; A61Q
5/12 20130101; A61K 8/556 20130101; A61K 8/731 20130101; A61Q 5/004
20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
424/70.2 ;
424/70.11; 510/122; 510/130 |
International
Class: |
A61K 8/84 20060101
A61K008/84; A61Q 5/04 20060101 A61Q005/04; A61Q 5/12 20060101
A61Q005/12; A61Q 19/10 20060101 A61Q019/10 |
Claims
1. A personal care product comprising: a) at least one
polyquaternium compound having greater than 4 quaternary nitrogens
in its structure and having a weight average molecular weight of
between about 4,000 and about 2,000,000; b) a mixture of
alkoxylated and nonalkoxylated phosphate esters of fatty alcohols
wherein the phosphate esters have a fatty alcohol based group
having a chain length of between about C.sub.8 and about C.sub.22,
wherein the alkoxy groups comprise ethylene oxide, propylene oxide
or mixtures thereof and about 1 to about 50 moles of alkylene oxide
are used per mole of fatty alcohol based group, said alkoxylated
and said nonalkoxylated phosphate esters being present in an amount
such that no more than about 60% by weight of the phosphate esters
are alkoxylated and wherein said alkoxylated and said
nonalkoxylated phosphate esters comprise both mono- and diphosphate
esters where the amount of diphosphate ester is at least about 40%
by weight of the total amount of the said phosphate esters; and
wherein the ratio of the phosphate ester to the polyquaternium
compound is about 1.5:1 to about 100:1; and wherein a total amount
of said phosphate esters and said polyquaternium compounds ranges
from between about 0.20% to about 15% by weight of said personal
care product, and c) an additional ingredient.
2. The personal care product of claim 1, wherein said alkoxylated
and nonalkoxylated diphosphate esters are present in an amount
equal to or greater than the amount of alkoxylated and
nonalkoxylated monophosphate esters, and said nonalkoxylated
phosphate esters are present in an amount equal to or greater than
the amount of alkoxylated phosphate esters.
3. The personal care product of claim 1, wherein the product is
selected from the group consisting of a shampoo, conditioner,
conditioning shampoo, body wash, cleanser, hair color and hair
relaxer.
4. The personal care product of claim 1, wherein the product is
selected from the group consisting of a shampoo, conditioner, or
conditioning shampoo for use in connection with synthetically
colored hair.
5. The personal care product of claim 1, wherein the product is a
hair color.
6. The personal care product of claim 1, wherein the product is a
hair relaxer.
7. The personal care product of claim 1, wherein the product is
capable of reducing the wet combing force of a hair sample treated
therewith by at least about 10 Joules relative to water.
8. The personal care product of claim 1, wherein the product is
capable of reducing the wet combing force of a hair sample treated
therewith by at least about 20 Joules relative to water.
9. The personal care product of claim 7, wherein the product is
capable of reducing color change after fifteen washes relative to
the same product without the phosphate esters and polyquaternium
compounds of the invention.
10. A personal care product comprising: a) a polyquaternium
compound having 100 or more quaternary nitrogen groups and having a
weight average molecular weight of between about 30,000 and about
1,000,000, b) a nonalkoxylated phosphate ester of fatty alcohols
wherein the phosphate esters have a fatty alcohol based group
having a chain length of between about C.sub.12 and about C.sub.18,
wherein the ratio of the phosphate esters to the polyquaternium
compound is 2:1 or greater, and wherein a total amount of the
phosphate esters and the polyquaternium compounds range from
between about 0.5% and about 5% by weight of the personal care
product, and c) an additional ingredient.
11. The personal care product of claim 10, wherein said
nonalkoxylated phosphate esters are present as a mixture of mono-
and diphosphate esters where an amount of diphosphate esters
greater than an amount of monophosphate esters.
12. The personal care product of claim 10, wherein the product is
selected from the group consisting of a shampoo, conditioner,
conditioning shampoo, body wash, cleanser, hair color and hair
relaxer.
13. The personal care product of claim 10, wherein the product is
selected from the group consisting of a shampoo, conditioner, or
conditioning shampoo for use in connection with synthetically
colored hair.
14. The personal care product of claim 10, wherein the product is a
hair color and wherein the ratio of the phosphate esters to the
polyquaternium compound is 4:1 or greater.
15. The personal care product of claim 10, wherein the product is a
hair relaxer.
16. The personal care product of claim 10, wherein the product is
capable of reducing the wet combing force of a hair sample treated
therewith by at least about 10 Joules relative to water.
17. The personal care product of claim 10, wherein the product is
capable of reducing the wet combing force of a hair sample treated
therewith by at least about 20 Joules relative to water.
18. The personal care product of claim 16, wherein the product is
capable of reducing color change after fifteen washes relative to
the same product without the phosphate esters and polyquaternium
compounds of the invention.
Description
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application claims the benefit of the filing date of
U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/962,213 filed Jul. 27,
2007, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated herein by
reference.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] The invention relates to phosphorous-containing emulsifiers
as polyquaternium compound deposition aids, which enhance and
independently impart conditioning properties onto a substrate, more
particularly to hair and skin.
[0003] Phosphate esters of alkoxylated fatty alcohols, such as
those disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,963,628 to Park and U.S. Pat.
No. 4,369,134 to Deguchi et al., are described as emulsifiers for
oil-in-water emulsions. U.S. Pat. No. 6,117,915, assigned to Croda,
Inc., the assignee of the present application, discloses, inter
alia, a mixture of mono- and di-phosphate esters of alkoxylated and
nonalkoxylated fatty alcohols. These materials are described as
being superior emulsifiers, and may be mixed with other
conventional ingredients including, as a detergent,
quaternium-26.
[0004] U.S. Pat. No. 4,381,259 discloses, also as an emulsifier, a
mixture of mono- and di-alkoxylated phosphate esters of fatty
alcohols generally ranging from C.sub.8 to C.sub.18, alkoxylated
with ethylene oxide and propylene oxide. These may be combined
with, inter alia, a quaternized guar gum. U.S. Pat. No. 4,298,494
contains a similar disclosure of a mixture of mono- and
di-ethoxylated phosphate esters of various fatty alcohols. These
may be mixed with polygalactomannan gum. Finally, U.S. Pat. No.
5,683,683 describes a mixture of nonfatty alcohol based quaternized
phosphate esters and polyquaternium or guar hydroxypropyltrimonium
chloride. These materials are all described as being useful in
conditioning formulations.
[0005] There is no indication in these prior art references that a
mixed alkoxylated and nonalkoxylated phosphate esters can be used
to aid deposition of polycationic compounds to enhance and
independently impact conditioning properties or that any
combination of phosphate esters and polycationic compounds can
provide particularly beneficial results.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0006] The present invention is directed to formulations,
compositions, or personal care products comprising a polyquaternium
compound ("polyquat"), a phosphate ester, and an additional
ingredient. The phosphate esters can be alkoxylated or
nonalkoxylated esters of fatty alcohols, but at least some of the
phosphate esters are nonalkoxylated. In some embodiments, only
nonalkoxylated phosphate esters are used. In other embodiments,
mixtures of nonalkoxylated and alkoxylated phosphate esters are
used. In either case, the alkoxylated and/or nonalkoxylated
phosphate esters may comprise mono- and/or diphosphate esters,
which may be present in any proportion relative to each other.
[0007] One embodiment of the invention is a personal care product
comprising at least one polyquat having greater than 4 quaternary
nitrogens in its structure and having the weight average molecular
weight of between about 4000 and about 2,000,000. Also included in
this embodiment is at least one nonalkoxylated phosphate ester
comprising a fatty alcohol based group of a chain length of between
about C.sub.8 and about C.sub.22, which may be linear, branched,
saturated or unsaturated and/or substituted or unsubstituted. In
certain aspects of this embodiment, the phosphate esters used may
also include alkoxylated phosphate esters.
[0008] In another embodiment is a personal care product comprising
at least one polyquaternium compound having greater than 4
quaternary nitrogens in its structure and having a weight average
molecular weight of between about 4,000 and 2,000,000. Also
included in this embodiment is a mixture of alkoxylated and
nonalkoxylated phosphate esters of fatty alcohols wherein the
phosphate esters have a fatty alcohol based group having a chain
length of between about 8 and 22 carbon atoms, wherein these alkoxy
groups comprise ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, derivatives of
these oxides, or mixtures thereof. About 1 to 50 moles of an
alkylene oxide are used per mole of fatty alcohol based group. The
alkoxylated and nonalkoxylated phosphate esters are generally
present in an amount such that no more than about 60% by weight of
the phosphate esters are alkoxylated and wherein the alkoxylated
and the nonalkoxylated phosphate esters comprise both mono- and
diphosphate esters. Typically, the amount of diphosphate esters in
this embodiment is at least about 40% by weight of the total amount
of the phosphate esters. Moreover, the ratio of the phosphate ester
to the polyquaternium compound is about 1.5:1 to about 100:1; and
wherein a total amount of the phosphate esters and the
polyquaternium compounds combined ranges from between about 0.20%
to about 15% by weight of the personal care product. This
embodiment also includes an additional ingredient, and in some
embodiments multiple additional ingredients.
[0009] In another embodiment, personal care products are
contemplated which comprises a polyquat having 100 or more
quaternary nitrogen groups and having a weight average molecular
weight of between about 30,000 and about 1,000,000 and at least
some nonalkoxylated phosphate esters of fatty alcohols.
[0010] In yet another embodiment is a personal care product
comprising a polyquaternium compound having 100 or more quaternary
nitrogen groups and having a weight average molecular weight of
between about 30,000 and about 1,000,000 and further comprising at
least some nonalkoxylated phosphate esters of fatty alcohols
wherein the phosphate esters have a fatty alcohol based group
having a chain length of between about 12 and 18 carbons.
Generally, the ratio of the phosphate esters to the polyquaternium
compounds is 2:1 or greater. Moreover, the total amount of the
phosphate esters and the polyquaternium compounds range from
between about 0.5% to about 5% by weight of the personal care
product. This embodiment also includes an additional
ingredient.
[0011] In some embodiments, the present invention relates to
personal care products selected from the group consisting of a
shampoo, conditioner, body wash, cleanser, hair color and hair
relaxer.
[0012] In other embodiments, the present invention relates to a
personal care product selected from the group consisting of a
shampoo, conditioner, conditioning shampoos and hair colors
specifically intended for treatment of color treated hair, also
referred to herein as synthetically colored hair.
[0013] In yet other embodiments, these personal care products are
selected from the group consisting of a shampoo, conditioner,
conditioning shampoo, a shampoo and/or conditioner used in
connection with synthetically colored hair, body wash, cleanser,
skin care product or hair color.
[0014] In one embodiment, the present invention relates to a hair
relaxer composition wherein, if the phosphate ester is a mixture of
dicetyl phosphate and ceteth-10 phosphate, the polyquat is not
Polyquaternium-6; and if the polyquat is Polyquaternium-6, the
phosphate ester is not a mixture of dicetyl phosphate and ceteth-10
phosphate.
[0015] It has been found, unexpectedly, that personal care products
comprising at least one polyquaternium compound and at least one
nonalkoxylated fatty alcohol phosphate ester impart superior
conditioning as compared to the prior art.
[0016] A series of tests were run on materials similar to those
described in some of the prior art patents discussed above. The
results of such tests were expressed in terms of conditioning
power, as measured by wet combing strength. While some materials
modestly increased wet combing strength, others decreased it. None,
however, provided a great improvement in performance over the use
of water alone. Nor did any provide the superior properties
observed with the formulations of the present invention.
[0017] Superior conditioning can be quantified as a reduction in
total work, as measured in terms of wet combing force.
"Accordingly, superior conditioning" means a reduction in total
work of at least about 10 Joules when compared to hair treated only
with water. In some instances, a reduction of at least 20 Joules
(change in total work) relative to water is realized.
[0018] Some of these personal care products of the present
invention exhibit not only exhibit superiority when compared to
identical products using only the polyquats or the phosphate esters
disclosed, but also when compared to mixtures of alkoxylated fatty
alcohol phosphate esters and polyquats, as well as non-fatty
alcohol based quaternized phosphate esters and a polyquat like
those described in the prior art.
[0019] In some embodiments, the personal care products of the
present invention provide superior color fastness. "Superior color
fastness" means that repeated shampooing and/or conditioning will
strip out or reduce the degree of color in colored hair to a lesser
degree than the product without the combinations of polyquats and
phosphate esters of the invention.
[0020] In still another embodiment, some of the personal care
products of the present invention are designed to be used in
connection with colored hair to improve color fastness (to preserve
the degree of hair color in synthetically colored hair) while also
providing superior conditioning. These personal care products
include shampoos, conditioners, conditioning shampoos, hair colors
and the like.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0021] FIG. 1 is a graph depicting the combing forces measured
after treating medium European brown virgin hair tresses with the
formulations in Examples 1 and 2.
[0022] FIG. 2 represents color measurements (delta E) made using a
Labscan calorimeter after 5, 10 and 15 washes reading left to
right.
[0023] FIG. 3 represents the opinions of panelists asked to
evaluate which products reduced color the least after repeated
washing.
[0024] FIG. 4 is a graph depicting the combing forces measured
(peak load and total work) after treating hair tresses with the
formulations of Examples 1 and 2.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0025] The present invention is directed to compositions and
personal care products exhibiting superior conditioning and/or
color fastness through the use of mixtures of certain phosphate
esters and polyquaternium compounds (also referred to as
"polyquats"). More specifically, the present invention is directed
to a mixture of polyquaternium compounds and phosphate esters of
fatty alcohol groups, where the fatty alcohol groups of the
phosphate esters may be nonalkoxylated or may be mixtures of
nonalkoxylated and alkoxylated fatty alcohol groups (referred to
herein as "phosphate esters"). The polyquat(s) and phosphate ester
components, additional ingredients, and compositions, formulations
and personal care products comprising the same are enumerated
herein.
DEFINITIONS AND TERMINOLOGY
[0026] All percentages and ratios used herein are by weight of the
total composition and all measurements made are at about room
temperature and normal pressure unless otherwise designated. "Room
temperature" as defined herein means a temperature ranging between
22.degree. C. and 26.degree. C. All temperatures are in degrees
Celsius unless specified otherwise.
[0027] The present invention can comprise (open ended) or consist
essentially of the components of the present invention as well as
other ingredients or elements described herein. As used herein,
"comprising" means the elements recited, or their equivalent in
structure or function, plus any other element or elements which are
not recited. The terms "having" and "including" are also to be
construed as open ended unless the context suggests otherwise.
[0028] As used herein, "consisting essentially of" means that the
invention may include ingredients in addition to those recited in
the claim, but only if the additional ingredients do not materially
alter the basic and novel characteristics of the claimed invention.
Preferably, such additional ingredients will not be present at all
or only in trace amounts. However, it may be possible to include up
to about 10 by weight of materials that could materially alter the
basic and novel characteristics of the invention as long as the
utility of the compounds (as opposed to the degree of utility) is
maintained.
[0029] All ranges recited herein include the endpoints, including
those that recite a range "between" two values. Terms such as
"about," "generally," "substantially," and the like are to be
construed as modifying a term or value such that it is not an
absolute, but does not read on the prior art. Such terms will be
defined by the circumstances and the terms that they modify as
those terms are understood by those of skill in the art. This
includes, at very least, the degree of expected experimental error,
technique error and instrument error for a given technique used to
measure a value.
[0030] It will be appreciated that, when discussing the amounts of
the phosphate esters and polyquats useful in accordance with the
present invention, the amounts recited refer to the dry weight of
the phosphate ester or polyquat compounds respectively, not
counting any carrier, solvents or diluents. For example,
CRODAFOS-CES is a material available from applicant which contains
about 25% by weight of phosphate esters and about 75% by weight of
fatty alcohol. The amount of fatty alcohol solvent would not be
considered in determining the amount of phosphate ester in such a
composition. In another example, OPTASENSE-CP6 is a polyquaternary
material available from Croda, Inc. This material ranges from 39%
to 41% by weight of a polyquaternary compound, Polyquaternium-6
(about 40%), with the balance being solvent or carrier.
Accordingly, in determining the amount of polyquat in a final
product, the amount of solvent or carrier will not be considered.
Of course, this material could also be characterized as having a
specific cationic activity.
[0031] Note that while the specification and claims may refer to a
final product or personal care product such as, for example, a
shampoo or conditioner as containing a certain reactant or a
certain amount of, for example, a specific polyquat, it may be
difficult to tell from the product that any particular recitation
is satisfied. Such a recitation may be satisfied, however, if the
materials used prior to final production, for example, meet that
recitation. Indeed, as to any property or characteristic of a final
product which cannot be ascertained from the final product
directly, it is sufficient if that property resides in the
components recited just prior to production steps used to make the
personal care product.
[0032] Croda hereby incorporates by reference U.S. Pat. No.
6,117,915 to Pereira et al., which issued on Sep. 12, 2000 to
Croda, Inc. of Parsippany, N.J., for its disclosure of mixed fatty
alcohol phosphate esters and methods of manufacturing same.
[0033] Phosphate Esters
[0034] Turning first to the phosphate esters, it will be
appreciated that phosphate esters or mixtures thereof can be
complex depending on a number of factors including their origin
(such as the feedstocks used to produce the fatty alcohols and the
methods used to produce these feedstock materials).
[0035] Therefore, when something is referred to as being,
containing, or being made from, for example, a cetyl alcohol group,
that means that the predominant fraction (most abundant compared to
the amount of any other fatty alcohol in the feedstock) of the
fatty alcohols used to produce the phosphate esters in accordance
with the present invention are derived from C.sub.16 based fatty
alcohols. However, there may be many other fatty alcohol groups of
varying chain lengths present in the raw material or feedstock
which may be converted into phosphate esters along with the
C.sub.16 species. The resulting mixture is still used in accordance
herewith and would be identified as a cetyl containing material or
a C.sub.16 material. Feedstocks can also be oils containing
glycerides of fatty acids from which the fatty alcohols can be
derived. Here too, the relative abundance would still apply.
[0036] Similarly, if reference is made to a range of chain lengths
such as, for example, C.sub.8-C.sub.22, it means that the
predominant fraction of the fatty alcohols used to produce the
phosphate esters would fall within that range of chain lengths.
However, longer and shorter chain length materials may also be
present and would be converted into the respective phosphate esters
and used in accordance with the present invention.
[0037] When alkoxylated fatty alcohols are used, the fatty alcohol
may be characterized as, for example, being a "PEG 10" or may be
characterized as containing 10 moles of ethylene oxide. These two
types of terms are used synonymously. It will be appreciated that
this means that while roughly 10 moles of ethylene oxide may have
been added to the reaction mixture per mole of fatty alcohol, not
all of the resulting alkoxylated phosphate esters will include
exactly 10 molecules of ethylene oxide per phosphate ester
molecule. It is believed that while the predominant fraction will
contain 10 alkoxy groups, other fractions will contain less than 10
molecules of ethylene oxide per phosphate ester molecule. In any
event, however, a reference to a PEG 10 cetyl alcohol or a cetyl
alcohol made with 10 moles of ethylene oxide refers to the reaction
product of those two materials in those amounts.
[0038] As another example, Table 1 shows known approximate weight
percentages of some of the C.sup.20+ components in some of the
common oils that can be used as a source of fatty alcohols used to
produce alkoxylated and/or nonalkoxylated phosphate esters of the
invention:
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Substance C.sup.20: 0 C.sup.20: 1 C.sup.20:
4 C.sup.20: 5 C.sup.22: 0 C.sup.22: 1 C.sup.22: 5 C.sup.22: 6
C.sup.24: 0 Cod liver 8.8-14.6% 2.6-9% 4.6-13.3% 1-2% 8.6-19% oil
Herring 1.5-19.2% 4.6-10.2% 2.8-19.9% 1-3.7% 3.8-24.1% oil Menhaden
0.9-2.7% 0.6-1.2% 10.2-13.5% 0.7-1.7% 1.1-2.3% 3.3-14% oil Pilchard
3.2% 1.6% 16.9% 3.6% 2.5% 12.9% (Sardine) oil HEAR oil 0.8-13.5%
20.1-59.4% 0.1-1.4% Mustard 7% 44.2% Seed oil
[0039] Accordingly, behenyl alcohol can be derived from rapeseed
oil, especially high erucic rapeseed oil (HEAR oil), which
typically contains 46% of C.sup.22:1 alkyl (erucic), 1.5% of
C.sup.22:0 alkyl (behenic), and 11% of C.sup.20:1 alkyl (gadoleic)
by weight. The HEAR oil can be hydrogenated to yield a composition
containing about 48% C.sup.22:0 alkyl (behenic) which can further
be distilled to yield any desired higher concentrations of
C.sup.22:0 alkyl (behenic) acids which are then further converted
to fatty alcohols. Alkoxylated and/or nonalkoxylated phosphate
esters can be produced from these hydrogenated rapeseed oil derived
alcohols or any glyceride. Other oils that can include fatty acid
containing glycerides that can be converted into fatty alcohols
include, without limitation, palm oil (predominant fractions are
palmitic and/or oleic fatty acids), coconut oil (lauric (C.sub.12)
fatty acids are the predominant fraction), corn oil, cottonseed
oil, olive oil, peanut oil, sesame oil, palm kermal oil, safflower
oil, sunflower oil, soybean oil and the like. Of course, any source
of fatty alcohols falling within the scope of the invention are
contemplated.
[0040] Nonalkoxylated Phosphate Esters
[0041] In some embodiments, at least some of the phosphate esters
mixed with the polyquats are nonalkoxylated. In other embodiments,
only nonalkoxylated phosphate esters are mixed with the
polyquats.
[0042] In some embodiments, the phosphate esters are created from
phosphate groups and fatty alcohol groups of a chain length having
C.sub.8 to C.sub.22. In other embodiments, the phosphate esters are
created from phosphate groups and fatty alcohol groups having a
chain length of C.sub.12 to C.sub.22. In yet other embodiments, the
phosphate esters are created from phosphate groups and fatty
alcohol groups having a chain length of C.sub.12 to C.sub.18. The
fatty alcohol derived groups may be saturated or unsaturated,
linear or branched and/or substituted or unsubstituted and may be
of any origin as discussed previously.
[0043] In some embodiments, the nonalkoxylated phosphate esters of
the invention do not include a quaternary nitrogen. In other
embodiments, the nonalkoxylated phosphate esters include a
quaternary nitrogen. In yet other embodiments, the phosphate esters
are liquid or flowable at room temperature.
[0044] Generally, the phosphate group is derived from
phosphorylating agents known to those skilled in the art. Such
agents include, without limitation, phosphorous pentoxide, and
polyphosphoric acid.
[0045] In some embodiments, it is possible, and indeed desirable,
that the nonalkoxylated phosphate esters used be a mixture of
monophosphate esters and diphosphate esters (indeed, any proportion
of these may be used). In other embodiments, at least about 10% by
weight of the nonalkoxylated phosphate esters will be diphosphate
esters with the balance being monophosphate esters.
[0046] In yet other embodiments, at least about 40% by weight of
the nonalkoxylated fatty esters are diphosphate esters. In a
further embodiment, the nonalkoxylated fatty esters comprise more
than about 50% by weight of diphosphate esters (i.e. a majority of
the nonalkoxylated phosphate esters are diphosphate esters).
[0047] Examples of nonalkoxylated monophosphate esters (which may
contain some amount of diphosphate ester(s)) include monocetyl
phosphate esters, commercially available from DSM Nutritional
Products, 616 Dayton Ave., Ames, Iowa 50010; Colonial Chemical
Inc., 225 Colonial Drive, South Pittsburg, Tenn. 37380; Croda
Chemicals, Cowick Hall Sanith Goole East Yorkshire NA14 9 AA
England; and Clariant, 4000 Monroe Road, Charlotte, N.C., 28205;
under the trade names Amphisol A, Colafax CPE, Crodafos MCA,
Hostaphat CC100, respectively; monocetyl phosphate ester is also
available in mixtures such as Crodafox CP (Croda, Inc.) and Stepan
CP3 (Stepan), 22 W. Frontage Road, Northfield, Ill. 60093. Other
nonalkoxylated phosphate esters include dioleyl phosphate and
isostearyl phosphate.
[0048] Diphosphate esters (also mixtures of diphosphate and
monophosphate esters, but rich in diphosphate esters) can be made
in accordance with U.S. Pat. No. 6,117,915, and in particular,
Example 1 thereof.
[0049] Mixtures of Nonalkoxylated and Alkoxylated Phosphate
Esters
[0050] In some embodiments, a mixture of nonalkoxylated and
alkoxylated phosphate esters may be used in conjunction with the
polyquats (i.e. at least some of the phosphate esters are
alkoxylated).
[0051] In some embodiments, the mixture contains the nonalkoxylated
phosphate esters described herein mixed with a blend of mono- and
di-ester phosphates of alkoxylated fatty alcohols containing
between about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms and alkoxylated with
between about 1 and about 50 moles of an alkylene oxide. In other
embodiments, the amount of alkoxylation ranges from between about 1
mole to about 30 moles for the alkoxylated phosphate esters. In yet
other embodiments, the amount of alkoxylation ranges from between
about 3 moles to about 25 moles for the alkoxylated phosphate
esters.
[0052] In some embodiments, the mixture of nonalkoxylated and
alkoxylated phosphate esters used each have a chain length of
C.sub.12 to C.sub.18, wherein the alkoxylated materials have
between about 3 and about 15 moles of alkoxy groups.
[0053] The alkylene oxide used to create the alkoxylated phosphate
ester can be ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, derivatives of these
oxides, or mixtures thereof. Accordingly, the resulting alkoxy
groups are ethoxy, propoxy, derivatives of these, or mixtures of
both.
[0054] The mono- and di-ester ratio for the alkoxylated phosphate
esters is the same as previously described for nonalkoxylated
phosphate esters. Accordingly, in some embodiments, at least about
10% by weight of the alkoxylated phosphate esters will be
diphosphate esters with the balance being monophosphate esters. In
other embodiments, at least about 40% by weight of the alkoxylated
fatty esters are diphosphate esters. In yet other embodiments, the
alkoxylated fatty esters comprise 50% or more by weight of
diphosphate esters (i.e. a majority of the alkoxylated phosphate
esters are diphosphate esters).
[0055] The mono- and di-ester ratio in the nonalkoxylated phosphate
esters used in the mixtures is the same as previously
described.
[0056] There is no requirement that the ratio of mono- to
di-phosphate esters in the nonalkoxylated phosphate esters be the
same as that in the alkoxylated phosphate esters, although the same
or similar proportions are contemplated. For example, the mono- to
di-ester ratio can be 9:1 for the alkoxylated species while the
ratio for the non-alkoxylated species is 1:4. In some embodiments,
however, the total amount of diphosphate esters of both alkoxylated
and nonalkoxylated phosphate esters combined is equal to or greater
than the amount of monophosphate esters. Nor is it required that
the fatty alcohol species of the alkoxylated and nonalkoxylated
phosphate esters have the same chain lengths, degree of saturation,
substitution, or the like. Indeed, any combination of
nonalkoxylated and alkoxylated phosphate esters may be used
provided they meet the requirements of the present invention.
[0057] In some embodiments, when a mixture of alkoxylated and
nonalkoxylated phosphate esters are used, the amount of alkoxylated
phosphate esters should not exceed about 80% by weight relative to
the total amount of phosphate esters. In other embodiments, when a
mixture of alkoxylated and nonalkoxylated phosphate esters are
used, the amount of alkoxylated phosphate esters should not exceed
about 60% by weight relative to the total amount of phosphate
esters. In yet other embodiments, when a mixture of alkoxylated and
nonalkoxylated phosphate esters are used, the amount of alkoxylated
phosphate esters should not exceed about 50% by weight relative to
the total amount of phosphate esters (i.e. the amount of
nonalkoxylated phosphate esters is about equal to or greater than
the amount of alkoxylated phosphate esters present). In further
embodiments the amount of diphosphate esters relative to the amount
of monophosphate esters is at least about 40% by weight of the
total amount of said phosphate esters. Indeed, as stated herein,
all of the phosphate esters could be nonalkoxylated.
[0058] Mixtures of alkoxylated and nonalkoxylated phosphate esters
which are useful are described and claimed in U.S. Pat. No.
6,117,915 (hereinafter the '915 patent). In one illustration, a
nonalkoxylated lauryl phosphate may be produced as described in
Example 1 of the '915 patent. Generally, a 2000 mL four-necked
round-bottom flask is charged with 131.6 g (3.0 moles) of lauryl
alcohol. The material is heated to 65.degree. C. and 236 g (1.0
mole) of phosphorous pentoxide (P.sub.2O.sub.5) is added with
stirring. The mixture is allowed to react for four hours. The final
product is cooled and recovered as lauryl phosphate having an acid
value of 234 mg KOH, a diester content of 50.1% and a monoester
content of 39.8%.
[0059] An alkoxylated phosphate ester using 5 moles of ethylene
oxide per mole of behenyl alcohol can be made as described in
Example 2 of the '915 patent. Specifically, ethylene oxide is
bubbled into 596.8 g of behenyl alcohol in the presence of
potassium hydroxide catalyst until five moles of ethylene oxide are
added per mole of behenyl alcohol. An off-white solid (PEG-5
behenyl alcohol ether) is the major product. A four-necked flask is
charged with 920.26 g (3.0 moles) of the PEG-5 behenyl ether and
the material is heated to 65.degree. C., followed by the addition
of 78.9 g of P.sub.2O.sub.5, with stirring. The reaction mixture is
allowed to stir for four hours. The final product is recovered as
PEG-5 behenyl phosphate having an acid value of 126.5 mg KOH, a
diester content of 61% and a monoester content of 37.4%.
[0060] A mixed system of these alkoxylated and nonalkoxylated
phosphate esters can be created, for example, by stirring 60% w/w
of the PEG-5 behenyl phosphate and 40% w/w of the lauryl phosphate.
The vessel contents are heated, such as to 70.degree. C., and
allowed to mix for 30 minutes, and then recovered as a mixture of
mono- and diester phosphates of PEG-5 behenyl alcohol and lauryl
alcohol having an acid value of 169.5 mg KOH. See Example 3 of the
'915 patent.
[0061] The fatty alcohols and phosphates used to create the
nonalkoxylated phosphate esters described previously may all be
used to produce the alkoxylated phosphate esters useful in
accordance with the invention. It will be appreciated that in a
particularly preferred embodiment, neither the alkoxylated nor the
nonalkoxylated phosphate esters include a quaternary nitrogen
group.
[0062] Particularly preferred alkoxylated phosphate esters in
accordance with the present invention include PEG 10 cetyl alcohol,
PEG 5 oleyl and PEG 10 isostearyl phosphate esters.
[0063] Particularly preferred mixtures of nonalkoxylated and
alkoxylated phosphate esters that may be used in accordance with
the present invention include CRODAFOS CES, available from Croda,
Inc., which is a mixture of PEG 10 cetyl alcohol phosphate esters
(about 10% w/w) plus phosphate esters of cetyl alcohol (about 15%
w/w), which is a mixture of C.sub.16 chain length fatty alcohols
which are saturated and linear mixed in about 75% w/w cetearyl
alcohol as a carrier; CRODAFOS HCE, which is a PEG 5 oleyl
phosphate ester (about 55% w/w) with a nonalkoxylated di-oleyl
phosphate ester (about 45% w/w) which is a mixture of unsaturated
fatty alcohol groups having 18 carbons in length and CRODAFOS 1435,
which is a PEG 10 isostearyl phosphate ester (about 55% w/w) with a
nonalkoxylated di-isostearyl phosphate ester (about 45% w/w) which
is a mixture of C.sub.18 fatty alcohol based groups which are
mostly saturated and branched. Also useful is CRODAFOS CS20 ACID,
which consists of ceteth-20-phosphate (about 30% w/w) (and)
dicetylphosphate (about 20% w/w) in cetearyl alcohol as a carrier.
In each case, there is the presence of some nonalkoxylated
phosphate ester for improved performance.
[0064] Amounts of Phosphate Esters in Products
[0065] In some embodiments, the total amount of phosphate esters
useful in personal care products or other compositions or
formulations ranges from about 0.15% to about 10% relative to the
total weight of the product, composition, or formulation. In other
embodiments, the total amount of phosphate esters useful in
personal care or other compositions or formulations products ranges
from about 0.2% to about 10% relative to the total weight of the
product, composition, or formulation. In yet other embodiments, the
total amount of phosphate esters useful in personal care products
or other compositions or formulations ranges from about 0.5% to
about 5% relative to the total weight of the product, composition,
or formulation.
[0066] Polyquaternary Compounds
[0067] The personal care products of the current invention also
include at least one polyquaternium compound. Polyquaternary
compounds in accordance with the present invention contain greater
than four quaternary nitrogens in their structure per molecule.
[0068] Generally, these molecules have a weight average molecular
weight ranging from about 4,000 to about 10 million; although, in
some instances they may be greater. See, for example, U.S. Pat. No.
6,544,500 to O'Toole et al., issued on Apr. 8, 2003 and assigned to
the Procter & Gamble Co. and in particular, the discussion of
cationic conditioning components described at column 11, line 35
through column 12, line 34, which is hereby incorporated by
reference.
[0069] In some embodiments, the polyquats hereof have a weight
average molecular weight which is at least about 4,000, typically
at least about 10,000, and less than about 10 million, preferably
about 2 million or less, and more preferably about 1 million or
less.
[0070] In other embodiments, the molecular weight of the polyquats
ranges from about 100,000 to about 2 million. In yet other
embodiments, the molecular weight of the polyquats ranges from
about 4,000 to about 2,000,000. In yet further embodiments, the
molecular weight is from about 30,000 to about 1,000,000.
[0071] While polyquats may be recited as having a particular number
of quaternary nitrogen groups (also referred to as "quat content")
or having a specific molecular weight, or even a specific
composition, it will be appreciated that, as in most organic
reactions, variations, side products and co-reactants may and will
occur in various and often unpredictable proportions. The final
qualities of these materials shall be judged sufficient if they may
be sold commercially bearing the designations that are common to
them. Therefore, for example, Polyquaternium-6 may contain a
distribution of materials of varying molecular weight and quat
content, however, if it would be legitimate to sell it under the
name Polyquaternium-6, it qualifies. Similarly, if the predominant
fraction of the polyquat (largest single fraction) meets the
recitations of this application and/or claims, they are
satisfied.
[0072] The polyquats will generally have cationic
nitrogen-containing moieties such as quaternary ammonium or
cationic amino moieties, and mixtures thereof. In some embodiments,
the cationic charge density will be preferably at least about 0.05
meq/g, more preferably at least about 0.5 meq/g, even more
preferably at least about 1.1 meq/g, most preferably at least about
1.2 meq/g. Generally, for practical purposes, the polyquats will
have a cationic charge density of less than about 7 meq/g,
preferably less than about 5 meq/g, more preferably less than about
3.5 meq/g, even more preferably less than about 2.5 meq/g.
[0073] Cationic charge density of the cationic polymer can be
determined using the Kjeldahl Method (U.S. Pharmacopoeia--Chemical
tests--<461> Nitrogen Determination--method II). Those
skilled in the art will recognize that the charge density of
amino-containing polymers may vary depending upon pH and the
isoelectric point of the amino groups. The charge density should be
within the above limits at the pH of intended use. Any anionic
counterions can be utilized for the cationic polymers so long as
the water solubility criteria is met. Suitable counterions include
halides (e.g., Cl, Br, I, or F, preferably Cl, Br, or I), sulfate,
and methylsulfate. Others can also be used as this list is not
exclusive.
[0074] In some embodiments, the nitrogen containing polyquats
include at least about 100 quaternary nitrogens and preferably
several hundred. Their weight average molecular weight preferably
ranges from between about 30,000 and about 1 million. While there
is no maximum amount, the ratios of materials and the overall
amounts described herein must still be met.
[0075] These polyquats can be synthetic or natural. By natural, it
is meant that the polyquats are derived from natural materials.
Polyquats may include polymers based on acrylamide and/or dimethyl
allylammonium chloride such as Polyquaternium 6, Polyquaternium 7
and the like. Polymeric quaternium ammonium salt of Guar gum such
as Guar Hydroxypropyltrimonium chloride and the like are also
contemplated. Polymeric quaternium ammonium salts of cellulose such
as Polyquaternium 10 and the like are also contemplated. Polymeric
quaternium ammonium salts of starch are also contemplated.
Polyquaterniums listed on the CTFA dictionary that meet the
criteria set forth herein may be used. More particularly, in
preferred embodiments, the polyquats are selected from the group
consisting of, without limitation, Polyquaternium-4,
Polyquaternium-5, Polyquaternium-6, Polyquaternium-7,
Polyquaternium-10, Polyquaternium-11, Polyquaternium-15,
Polyquaternium-16, Polyquaternium-22, Polyquaternium-24,
Polyquaternium-28, Polyquaternium-0, Polyquaternium-31,
Polyquaternium-32, Polyquaternium-34, Polyquaternium-35,
Polyquaternium-36, Polyquaternium-37, Polyquaternium-39,
Polyquaternium-43, Polyquaternium-44, Polyquaternium-45,
Polyquaternium-47, Polyquaternium-48, Polyquaternium-49,
Polyquaternium-50, Polyquaternium-52, Polyquaternium-53,
Polyquaternium-54, Polyquaternium-56, Polyquaternium-57,
Polyquaternium-58, Polyquaternium-60, Polyquaternium-63,
Polyquaternium-64, Polyquaternium-65, and Guar
Hydroxypropyltrimonium Chloride.
[0076] In accordance with the present invention, the minimum amount
of polyquat material present in the personal care products of the
present invention is at least about 0.1%, or more preferably at
least about 0.3% relative to the total weight of the product.
Although there is no maximum amount, the ratios of materials and
the overall amounts described herein must still be met.
[0077] In some embodiments, when used in personal care products,
the ratio of the phosphate esters to the polyquats will be at least
about 1.5:1. In other embodiments, this ratio is at least about
2:1. In yet other embodiments, this ratio is more about 4:1 or
greater. Ratios up to about 100:1 are possible. This is based on
the weights of the relative materials not including solvents,
carriers or diluents. Thus, the amount of phosphate esters present
generally exceeds the amount of polyquats used by weight.
[0078] The total amount of both (phosphate esters and polyquats)
used in personal care products in accordance with the present
invention will vary with a number of factors including the type of
product to be used, the other ingredients (see e.g. the "additional
ingredients" below) that will make up the final product and the
like.
[0079] Generally, the total amount of polyquat and phosphate ester
will be no less than about 0.20% and no more than about 15%
relative to the total weight of the final formulation; preferably
at least about 0.20% and no more than about 10%; and more
preferably in the range of about 0.5% to about 5% relative to the
total weight of the final formulation. When shampoos, conditioners,
body washes and the like are produced, that range is about 0.50% to
about 3% by weight. For hair color, generally the amounts used may
range to a higher amount generally ranging from between about 1% to
about 5% by weight.
[0080] In some embodiments, the polyquats utilized have a weight
average molecular weight ranging from between about 30,000 to about
1,000,000 with at least 100 quaternary nitrogen groups per
molecule. Moreover, in these embodiments, there would be a mixture
of alkoxylated and nonalkoxylated phosphate esters and they would
be present in a ratio of 4:1 or greater for most personal care
products, and 2:1 or greater for a hair color. These may be used in
any conventional product or can be the platform upon which new
personal care products are based. They represent excellent
conditioners and provide superior conditioning even over mixtures
of other similar ingredients.
[0081] Formulations
[0082] As shown in FIGS. 1 and 4, the personal care products of the
invention have superior conditioning properties when compared to
formulations similar to those found in the art. As explained in
Examples 1 and 2, the control formulation was prepared by using
Polyquaternium compound alone, i.e., Polyquaternium-10 ("PQ-10")
without a phosphate ester. The other formulations included both the
quats and phosphate esters. Zero in the figure represents the wet
combing force resulting from the use of water alone.
[0083] A first formulation in accordance with the present invention
was prepared using CRODAFOS HCE, which is a mixture of alkoxylated
phosphate esters and non-alkoxylated phosphate esters, more
specifically, about 55% PEG-5 oleyl mixed with about 45% dioleyl
phosphate, and Polyquaternium-10.
[0084] A second formulation in accordance with the present
invention was prepared using CRODAFOS 1435 as the phosphate ester,
which is about 55% PEG-10 isostearyl mixed with about 45%
di-isostearyl phosphate, and Polyquaternium-10.
[0085] A third formulation in accordance with the present invention
was prepared using dioleyl phosphate and Polyquaternium-10.
[0086] A fourth formulation in accordance with the present
invention was prepared using isostearyl phosphate and
Polyquaternium-10.
[0087] A first prior art formulation was prepared using the
quaternized phosphate ester like that described in the U.S. Pat.
No. 5,683,683, and Polyquaternium-10. Specifically Arlasilk (also
referred to as "EFA") available from Croda which is
linoleamidopropyl-PG-dimonium chloride phosphate (30% solids in
H.sub.20) used with all the phosphate esters in Example 7, was used
at 2% by weighted bonding on the active material.
[0088] A second prior art formulation was prepared using the
alkoxylated phosphate ester like that described in U.S. Pat. No.
4,298,494, which is ethoxylated phosphate esters, and
Polyquaternium-10. Specifically, CRODAFOS N3A was used, which is
about 100% oleth-3-phosphate used at a level of 2% on an active
basis was used.
[0089] A third prior art formulation was prepared using the
alkoxylated phosphate ester like those described in U.S. Pat. No.
4,381,259, which is a mixture of ethoxylated and propoxylated
phosphate esters, and Polyquaternium-10. Specifically, CRODAFOS SG,
which is 100% PPG-5-ceteth-10-phosphate at 2% weight based on
actives is used.
[0090] The conditioning properties of above-mentioned formulations
can be compared by testing the relative reduction in combing force
of these formulations using the techniques generally described in
U.S. Pat. No. 6,562,328 to Pereira et al. and in particular,
examples 5 and 6 thereof, the text of which is hereby incorporated
by reference. This is accomplished using medium European brown
virgin hair tresses (International Hair Importers, Glendale, N.Y.).
The device used was a Dia-stron MTT #160. Two gram weight samples
of hair, 7.5 inch lengths, which had been washed with a 5% sodium
lauryl sulfate solution and rinsed were used. The hair samples are
treated for a period of about a minute using about 2 mL of the test
material. After about a minute, the tresses are rinsed completely
in tap water and tested.
[0091] The reduction in combing force was measured by first
measuring the combing force of wet hair tresses without any
treatment of above-mentioned formulations using a Diastron
Miniature Tensile Tester, then the hair tresses were treated with
the Control formulation, the first prior art formulation, the
second prior art formulation, and the first and second formulations
of the present invention, respectively. Then the reduction in
combing force of the hair tresses after the treatment with the
aforementioned formulations was determined using Diastron Miniature
Tensile Tester.
[0092] As shown in FIGS. 1 and 4, the results of the reduction in
combing force tests demonstrate that the combing forces measured
after the treatment with the shampoo formulation of the present
invention comprising CRODAFOS HCE, CRODAFOS 1435, dioleyl
phosphate, and isostearyl phosphate were about -27, -38, -35 and
-15 Joules, respectively (change in total work).
[0093] On the other hand, the combing forces measured after the
treatment with the first, second and third prior art formulations
were about 12, 4 and -3 Joules, respectively. The first two, while
better than using the polyquat alone, were still not as good as
water alone. The third provided only a very small improvement.
Thus, the use of the phosphate esters and polyquat mixture of the
present invention resulted in vastly superior conditioning in
combing force reduction when compared to the best of these prior
art formulations and to water. Indeed, superior conditioning of a
force reduction of greater than 10 Joules, and, in some instances,
a reduction even greater than 20 Joules, was realized by use of the
formulations of the invention.
[0094] FIG. 4 shows the wet combining evaluations for the four
embodiments of the present invention described above along with the
three aforementioned prior art formulations. Once again, each of
the four embodiments of the present invention showed superior
conditioning by establishing a force reduction of greater than 10
Joules, and, in some instances, a reduction of even greater than 20
Joules. Moreover, as shown by the peak load data in FIG. 4, the
CRODA HCE, CRODAFOS 1435, dioleyl phosphate, and isostearyl
phosphate containing formulations each provided a decrease in peak
load (about -39, -47, -51, and -15 gmf, respectively) as compared
with Polyquaternium-10 alone, and the CRODAFOS N3A and Arlasilk
containing formulations.
[0095] As shown in FIG. 2, the delta E after 5, 10 and 15 washes
respectively of a commercially available shampoo (Suave) with and
without the polyquats and phosphate esters of the invention were
obtained. See Example 4. As shown in FIG. 2, after 5 (light gray),
10 (dark gray) and 15 (white) washes, the delta E was measured. A
lower delta E was exhibited at each level for the invention
(HCE/Guar) versus the same material without the invention. This is
indicative of retaining additional color relative to the stock
Suave shampoo.
[0096] The analysis of panelists was also obtained as shown in FIG.
3, the majority of the 11 panelists (8) believed that the hair
treated with Suave maintained more color after 5 washes while 2
panelists thought that Suave & HCE/Guar (polycationic guar) was
darker and 1 panelist saw no difference between the samples. These
are represented in the figure by light gray, dark gray and white,
respectively. After 10 and 15 washes, however, all 11 panelists
believed 154-2-05, the Suave with HCE/Guar, maintained more of the
hair's synthetic color.
[0097] Additional Ingredients
[0098] The compositions of the invention may also include a wide
range of "additional" ingredients used to make the personal care
products. Some suitable miscellaneous "additional" ingredients
commonly used in the cosmetic and personal care industry are
described in The CTFA Cosmetic Ingredient Handbook, (2nd Ed.,
1992), which is incorporated by reference herein. More specifically
these personal care products and formulations of the present
invention can include one or more additives such as absorbents,
anti-acne agents, anti-irritants, antiperspirants, anticaking
agents, antifoaming agents, antimicrobial agents, antioxidants,
antidandruff agents, astringents, binders, buffers, biological
additives, botanical extracts, buffering agents, bulking agents,
chelating agents, chemical additives, coupling agents,
conditioners, colorants, cosmetic astringents, cosmetic biocides,
denaturants, drug astringents, detergents, dispersants, external
analgesics, film formers, foaming agents, fragrance components,
humectants, keratolytics, opacifying agents, pH adjusters,
preservatives, propellants, proteins, retinoids, reducing agents,
sequestrants, skin bleaching agents, skin-conditioning agents
(humectants, miscellaneous, and occlusive), skin soothing agents,
skin healing agents, softeners, solubilizing agents, lubricants,
penetrants, plasticizers, solvents and co-solvents, sunscreening
additives, salts, essential oils, and vitamins. When present, these
additives are provided in an amount which is consistent with the
desired use and end product.
[0099] pH Adjusters
[0100] Examples of suitable pH adjusters include sodium hydroxide,
triethanolamine, and aminomethylpropanol, and mixtures thereof. If
pH adjusters are present in a final product composition, the amount
may vary from about 0.01% to about 5%, preferably, from about 0.1%
to about 2% by weight of the composition.
[0101] Film Formers
[0102] Examples of suitable film formers include
glycerin/diethylene glycol myristate copolymer, glycerin/diethylene
glycol adipate copolymer, ethyl ester of PVM/MA copolymer,
PVP/dimethiconylacrylate/polycarbamyl/polyglycol ester, and
mixtures thereof. If the film formers are present in the final
product compositions, the amount may vary from about 0.1% to about
15.0% by weight of the composition, preferably, from about 0.1% to
about 2.5% by weight of the composition.
[0103] Vitamins
[0104] Examples of suitable vitamins include ascorbic acid,
tocopherol, tocopherol acetate, retinoic acid, retinol, and
retinoids.
[0105] Conditioning Agents
[0106] The personal care products of the present invention may be
conditioners and or conditioning shampoos body washes, cleansers,
hair colors and/or hair relaxers which may include hydrolyzed
animal protein as additional conditioning agents. Croda
Incorporated sells an example of a commercially available material
under the trade name Crotein Q-RTM. Other examples include urea,
glycerol, and propoxylated glycerols, including those described in
U.S. Pat. No. 4,976,953, which is incorporated by reference
herein.
[0107] Surfactants
[0108] In addition to the compositions of the invention, and
particularly when used in connection with shampoos, surfactants,
and in particular, surfactants that will not strip color, may be
present in the compositions of the invention. These may include,
without limitation, one or more nonionic surfactants, anionic
surfactants, cationic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants,
zwitterionic surfactants, and mixtures thereof. For some of
surfactants that may be used in combination with the compositions
of the invention, please see McCutcheon's, Detergents and
Emulsifiers, (1986), U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,151,210, 5,151,209,
5,120,532, 5,011,681, 4,788,006, 4,741,855, U.S. Pat. Nos.
4,704,272, 4,557,853, 4,421,769, 3,755,560; all incorporated herein
by reference in their entirety.
[0109] Emulsifiers
[0110] The compositions of the invention may also include various
emulsifiers. In the final product compositions of the invention,
emulsifiers may be included in the amount of up to about 10%,
preferably, in the amount of from about 0.5% to about 5% by weight
of the composition. The examples of suitable emulsifiers include
stearamidopropyl PG-dimonium chloride phosphate, stearamidopropyl
ethyldimonium ethosulfate, stearamidopropyl dimethyl (myristyl
acetate) ammonium chloride, stearamidopropyl dimethyl cetearyl
ammonium tosylate, stearamidopropyl dimethyl ammonium chloride,
stearamidopropyl dimethyl ammonium lactate, polyethyleneglycols,
polypropyleneglyocis, and mixtures thereof.
[0111] Thickeners
[0112] The compositions of the invention may also include various
thickeners, such as cross-linked acrylates, nonionic
polyacrylamides, xanthan gum, guar gum, gellan gum, and the like;
polyalkyl siloxanes, polyaryl siloxanes, and aminosilicones. In the
final product compositions of the invention, thickeners may be
included in the amount of up to about 10%, preferably, in the
amount of from about 0.2% to about 5% by weight of the composition.
The specific examples of the suitable thickening silicon compounds
include polydimethylsiloxane, phenylsilicone, polydiethylsiloxane,
and polymethylphenylsiloxane. Some of the suitable silicon
compounds are described in European Patent Application EP 95,238
and U.S. Pat. No. 4,185,017, which are incorporated herein by
reference. The compositions of the invention may also include
silicone polymer materials, which provide both style retention and
conditioning benefits to the hair. Such materials are described in
U.S. Pat. No. 4,902,499, which is incorporated herein by
reference.
[0113] Colorants
[0114] Hair color examples can be found in patents such as U.S.
Pat. No. 4,865,618 (Junino et al.). Without setting any
limitations, as an example, the invention herein can be
incorporated into any of the application examples disclosed by
Junino et al. starting in column 22. Simply one skilled in the art
can just add the, for example, about 3% w/w Crodafos HCE and 0.5%
w/w Optasence CP-6 (Polyquaternium 6) to any of the application
examples described by Junino et al. As is known to those familiar
with the art, hair color (tint) formulations contain various dyes,
couplers etc. as also described in Junino et al. in U.S. Pat. No.
4,865,618, which is hereby incorporated by reference.
EXAMPLES
Example 1
Formulation
TABLE-US-00002 [0115] AB 6-55 Deionized Water qs ALES (25% active)
56.00 (14% AM) ALS (28% active) 14.28 (4% AM) Incronam 30 8.66
(2.6% AM) Phosphate ester* 2.0% based on active matter Polymer
JR-30M 0.5 Neolone 950 0.1 *except control
[0116] Procedures to prepare shampoo prototypes are the same for
each batch. Specifically, the vessel was charged with water and
agitation started. The polymer (Polymer JR-30M) was then sifted in
while mixing and mixing was continued until the polymer was
completely dissolved in water. Incronam 30, ammonium laureth-2
sulfate solution (ALES), and ammonium lauryl sulfate solution (ALS)
were then added while mixing. The phosphate esters were then added
along with any additional ingredients.
[0117] These formulations, whose testing is reflected in FIGS. 1
and 4, were prepared in accordance with this example. Except the
control, which contained no phosphate esters, the others all
included equal levels of phosphate esters. All were used at 2% on
an actives basis. The phosphate ester materials used, as described
previously, were dioeyl phosphate, isostearyl phosphate, Arlasilk
EFA, CRODAFOS N3A, CRODAFOS SG, CRODAFOS HCE and CRODAFOS 1435.
Example 2
Experimental Wet Combing Evaluation of the Formulation of Example
1
Results:
TABLE-US-00003 [0118] change in peak change in total Shampoo
Formulation load (gmf) work (Joules) PQ-10 34 59 Arlasik EFA/PQ-10
-11.53 11.76 Crodafos NA3/PQ-10 3.4 4.1 Crodafos SG/PQ-10 -22.78
-2.95 Crodafos HCE/PQ-10 -39.41 -27.41 Crodafos 1435/PQ-10 -47.08
-38.46 Dioleyl Phosphate/PQ-10 -51.6 -35.85 Isostearyl
Phosphate/PQ-10 -15.22 -15.33
[0119] The shampoo containing CRODAFOS HCE or Crodafos 1435 and
polyquat showed outstanding detangling (decrease in peak load) and
overall conditioning (decrease in total work).
[0120] Similarly, the formulations containing dioleyl
phosphate/PQ-10 or isostearyl phosphate/PQ-10 showed improved
detangling (decrease in peak load) and overall conditioning
(decrease in total work). The performance of the dioleyl
phosphate/PQ-10 containing formulation showed improved detangling
(decrease in peak load) and overall conditioning (decrease in total
work) compared to Crodafos NA3/PQ-10, Crodafos SG/PQ-10, Crodafos
HCE/PQ, confirming the phosphate ester/PQ-10 synergism.
Example 3
Hair Relaxer Composition
TABLE-US-00004 [0121] Material % Part A KERALENIS (Dicetyl
Phosphate (and) 13.00 Ceteth-10 Phosphate (and) Cetearyl Alcohol
(and) Cetyl Alcohol (and) PPG-5 Ceteth-20) (about 18% of phosphate
esters by weight) Mineral Oil 15.00 Petrolatum 21.00 Part B
Deionized Water 37.90 Optasense CP6 (40 weight % of 1.00
Polyquaternium-6) Propylene Glycol 2.00 Part C Deionized Water 6.00
Sodium Hydroxide Pellets, 97% 2.10 Part D KERAVIS (Hydrolyzed
Vegetable 1.00 Protein PG-Propyl Silanetriol) CROPEPTIDE W
(Hydrolyzed Wheat 1.00 Protein (and) Hydrolyzed Wheat Starch) TOTAL
100.00
[0122] All ingredients of Part A were heated to 65-70.degree. C. in
one vessel with mixing. A separate vessel was charged with water
and Optasense CP6 was added and mixed until completely dissolved.
Propylene Glycol was then added and heated with the ingredients of
Part B to 65.degree. C.-70.degree. C. with mixing. When both Part A
and Part B were between 65.degree. C.-70.degree. C., Part B was
slowly added to Part A with vigorous mixing until the mixture was
uniform. The mixture was then moved to a side sweep mixer, and
cooled to 50.degree. C. At 50.degree. C., the mixture was set in a
water bath and cooled to 40.degree. C. The ingredients of Part C
were then combined in a separate vessel with mixing, and cooled to
room temperature. When the main batch was at 40.degree. C., Part C
was slowly added to the A & B mixture with continued mixing
until completely smooth and homogeneous. Part D was then added to
the A, B & C mixture.
Example 4
Hair Color Protection Shampoo: Crodafos HCE & Polymer
Evaluation for Color Protection in a Shampoo
[0123] Suave Daily Clarifying Shampoo sold by Unilever was used in
this evaluation. 2% Crodafos HCE and 0.5% active Aquacat CG518
(Guar) from Hercules were added to the Suave Daily Clarifying
Shampoo (sample formula 154-2-05), pH was adjusted to 5.71 after
addition using NaOH solution.
[0124] Eight 1.5 cm thick hair tresses were used (hair was labeled
Normal Bleached Hair). The hair tresses were dyed with L'Oreal
Superior Preference 5 MB Medium Auburn Hair Dye according to the
manufacturers instructions.
[0125] Hair tresses treated with the hair color were then washed
with 1 mL of shampoo and rinsed for 30 seconds per wash.
[0126] Hair was treated with L'Oreal kit conditioner for 2 minutes
and rinsed for 30 seconds.
[0127] The total change in color (.DELTA.E) was determined using a
Hunter LabScan Colorimeter as described previously and the results
are illustrated in FIG. 2. The panel analysis also was conducted
using the hair treated in accordance with this example. See FIG.
3.
[0128] Although the invention herein has been described with
reference to particular embodiments, it is to be understood that
these embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and
applications of the present invention. It is therefore to be
understood that numerous modifications may be made to the
illustrative embodiments and that other arrangements may be devised
without departing from the spirit and scope of the present
invention as defined by the appended claims.
* * * * *