U.S. patent application number 12/223620 was filed with the patent office on 2009-02-05 for removable bollard system and method of installation.
Invention is credited to John Edwin Crawford, Vicky Jakoby, Chunlin Liu.
Application Number | 20090035061 12/223620 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 38345467 |
Filed Date | 2009-02-05 |
United States Patent
Application |
20090035061 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Crawford; John Edwin ; et
al. |
February 5, 2009 |
Removable Bollard System and Method of Installation
Abstract
An anti-ram removable bollard (10) assembly and an installation
of the same to arrest impacts are provided. The removable bollard
assembly comprises a base assembly (20) and at least a
reinforcement member (32a,32b) to be fixedly installed on site, and
a removable bollard member to be detachably secured to the base
assembly as and when required. A coupling mechanism (42,44,48) may
be provided in the base assembly to engage the removable bollard
member. Also, the base assembly may include an I-beam cross-section
arrangement (22,24,26) to provide increased strength to the base
assembly. Several base assemblies may be connected by rebars (104)
to form a cohesive installation which restrains movement when any
bollard member in the installation is struck. With the cohesive
arrangement, a high impact rating may be achieved even with shallow
base assemblies.
Inventors: |
Crawford; John Edwin;
(Burbank, CA) ; Liu; Chunlin; (Singapore, SG)
; Jakoby; Vicky; (Burbank, CA) |
Correspondence
Address: |
NIXON & VANDERHYE, PC
901 NORTH GLEBE ROAD, 11TH FLOOR
ARLINGTON
VA
22203
US
|
Family ID: |
38345467 |
Appl. No.: |
12/223620 |
Filed: |
February 5, 2007 |
PCT Filed: |
February 5, 2007 |
PCT NO: |
PCT/SG2007/000036 |
371 Date: |
August 19, 2008 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
60765724 |
Feb 7, 2006 |
|
|
|
60765725 |
Feb 7, 2006 |
|
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Current U.S.
Class: |
404/6 ; 404/75;
52/169.13 |
Current CPC
Class: |
E01F 13/12 20130101;
E01F 13/026 20130101; E01F 9/681 20160201 |
Class at
Publication: |
404/6 ;
52/169.13; 404/75 |
International
Class: |
E01F 9/011 20060101
E01F009/011; E04H 12/22 20060101 E04H012/22; E01D 21/00 20060101
E01D021/00 |
Claims
1. An assembly comprising: a base assembly having a sleeve formed
therein and providing a base area in a direction generally
perpendicular to the sleeve; a coupling mechanism disposed in the
sleeve; and a first reinforcement member attached to the base
assembly to enlarge the base area, wherein the coupling mechanism
is to removably engage the base assembly with a bollard member to
be received in the sleeve.
2. The assembly of claim 1, wherein the base assembly comprises an
I-beam arrangement comprising: a top plate; a bottom plate; and an
intermediate plate supporting the top plate and the bottom plate,
wherein the top plate, the bottom plate and the intermediate plate
are attached to the sleeve.
3. The assembly of claim 2, wherein the coupling mechanism
comprises a socket which is to receive in engagement a coupling bar
provided by the bollard member.
4. The assembly of claim 2, wherein the first reinforcement member
is attached to the bottom plate.
5. The assembly of claim 4, further comprising a second
reinforcement member which is attached to the top plate.
6. The assembly of claim 2, wherein a height of the sleeve is
approximately equal to a height of the base assembly.
7. The assembly of claim 2, wherein a height of the sleeve is
substantially greater than a height of the base assembly, and is
lesser than a height of the bollard member.
8. The assembly of claim 2, wherein the intermediate plate is
perforated to receive a rebar there through.
9. The assembly of claim 2, wherein a length of the first
reinforcement member is greater than a length of the base
assembly.
10. The assembly of claim 1, wherein the base assembly further
comprises a plurality of I-beam arrangements comprising: a top
plate; a bottom plate; and a plurality of intermediate plates
arranged at an angle with one another to support the top plate and
the bottom plate.
11. The assembly of claim 10, wherein the sleeve is attached to the
plurality of intermediate plates.
12. The assembly of claim 11, wherein the plurality of intermediate
plates are perforated to receive a plurality of rebars there
through.
13. The assembly of claim 12, wherein the coupling mechanism
comprises a socket to receive in engagement a coupling bar provided
by the bollard member.
14. An installation comprising: a plurality of base assemblies
disposed at a predetermined distance from one another, each of the
plurality of base assemblies having a sleeve disposed therein and
providing a base area in a direction generally perpendicular to the
sleeve, wherein said each base assembly comprises: a coupling
mechanism disposed in the sleeve; a first reinforcement member
attached to said each base assembly to enlarge the base area; and a
plurality of rebars connecting the plurality of base assemblies to
restrain a movement of the plurality of base assemblies.
15. The installation of claim 14, wherein the first reinforcement
member of said each base assembly includes a free end spaced apart
from an adjacent one of the plurality of base assemblies.
16. The installation of claim 15, wherein the first reinforcement
member is disposed along an expected direction of an impact.
17. The installation of claim 16, wherein a first side of said each
base assembly is to receive the impact, and the first reinforcement
member is disposed on a second opposed side of said each base
assembly.
18. The installation of claim 15, wherein said each base assembly
comprises an I-beam arrangement comprising: a top plate; a bottom
plate; and an intermediate plate supporting the top plate and the
bottom plate, wherein the top plate, the bottom plate and the
intermediate plate are attached to the sleeve.
19. The installation of claim 18, wherein the coupling mechanism
comprises a socket which to receive in engagement a coupling bar
provided by a bollard member.
20. The installation of claim 19, wherein the intermediate plate is
perforated there through to receive the plurality of rebars.
21. The installation of claim 15, further comprising a second
reinforcement member attached to the top plate, and wherein the
first reinforcement member is attached to the bottom plate.
22. The installation of claim 15, wherein a height of the sleeve is
approximately equal to a height of said each base assembly.
23. The installation of claim 15, wherein a height of the sleeve is
substantially greater than a height of said each base assembly, and
is lesser than a height of a bollard member to be received
therein.
24. The installation of claim 15, wherein said each of the
plurality of base assemblies further comprises a sleeve support
member secured to a lower end of the sleeve.
25. The installation of claim 24, wherein the sleeve support member
is perforated to receive the plurality of rebars there through.
26. The installation of claim 15, wherein the bollard member is to
form part of a street furniture.
27. The installation of claim 15, wherein said each base assembly
is installed within about 1.00 m below grade level.
28. The installation of claim 15, wherein said each base assembly
further comprises a plurality of I-beam arrangements comprising: a
top plate; a bottom plate; and a plurality of intermediate plates
arranged at an angle with one another to support the top plate and
the bottom plate.
29. A method of installation, comprising: forming a trench;
disposing a plurality of base assemblies in the trench which are
separated from one another, the plurality of base assemblies having
a first reinforcement member attached thereto, the first
reinforcement member having a free end spaced apart from an
adjacent one of the plurality of the base assemblies; connecting
the plurality of base assemblies with a plurality of rebars; and
encasing the plurality of base assemblies and the plurality of
rebars.
30. The method of claim 29, further comprising: disposing a
plurality of bollard members in a plurality of sleeves provided in
the plurality of base assemblies; and securing the plurality of
bollard members to the plurality of assemblies using a plurality of
coupling mechanisms provided in the plurality of sleeves.
31. The method of claim 30, wherein the trench has a height of
between about 0.20 m to about 1.00 m.
32. The method of claim 31, wherein the plurality of bollard
members is to form part of a street furniture.
33. The method of claim 31, wherein connecting the plurality of
base assemblies with a plurality of rebars further comprising
providing the plurality of rebars through the plurality of sleeve
support members.
34. The method of claim 29, further comprising: providing a
plurality of sleeve support members to secure the plurality of
sleeves to the plurality of base assemblies.
Description
FIELD OF INVENTION
[0001] The invention relates to an anti-ram bollard assembly in
which the bollard member is removable, and to deployment of
multiple removable bollard assemblies to arrest vehicular attacks
and prevent penetration of the vehicle. The invention also relates
to a method of installing a barrier system comprising a plurality
of removable bollard assemblies.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] In recent years for security reasons, many prominent
establishments such as government buildings, embassies, convention
centres, public transportation hubs and other perceived terrorist
targets have been equipped with barrier systems to protect the
establishments from vehicle attacks. Especially if the vehicle is
heavyweight or moving at high speeds or carrying explosives, the
attack can cause extreme destruction.
[0003] Various barrier systems have since been employed with the
intention of protecting buildings and structures from attacks.
Metal or concrete barriers may be erected around a building to
obstruct vehicular penetration. In order to resist large impacts
from speeding heavy vehicles, the barriers have to be massive,
resulting in a less aesthetic system.
[0004] Barrier systems employing conventional bollards may be more
aesthetic. However, due to their small form factor and weight,
conventional bollards are useful primarily as a barrier. In order
to resist large impacts, the conventional bollards usually require
large and deep bases, and deep excavations to anchor their bases.
Because utilities transmission such as electricity lines, water
pipes and communications lines are often buried underground, deep
excavation to install bollards is costly and time-consuming. In
addition, deep excavation causes disruption to utility services,
inconvenience to pedestrian traffic, and often results in a less
aesthetic landscape.
[0005] Many conventional bollards are permanent fixtures which may
not be easily removed from site. Although some conventional
bollards may be retractable, they require a deep recess to store
the bollards. Providing a deep recess, however, may not be possible
in structures where an installation surface is above ground and has
limited excavation depth, including but not limited to, bridges.
Further, these retractable bollards may not be able to withstand
large impact forces.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0006] Embodiments of the invention are particularly advantageous
as the removable bollard assemblies may be installed in very
shallow trenches without the need for deep excavations that would
disrupt various utility lines buried in the ground. The depth of
such trenches may be about 1.0 m or less. Yet, the impact rating
(i.e. maximum impact loading) of the removable bollard assemblies
may be improved over conventional bollards of similar form factors.
This may be achieved by various features as hereinafter
described.
[0007] Each bollard assembly comprises a base assembly and at least
one reinforcement member attached to the base assembly, and a
bollard member that is removably engaged with the base assembly.
The base assembly may be constructed in various ways, including but
not limited to the following. The base assembly may include a
sleeve formed therein to receive the removable bollard member. A
coupling mechanism may be disposed in the sleeve to removably
engage the bollard member to the base assembly. The base assembly
may include one or more I-beam arrangements to which the sleeve may
be attached. One end of the reinforcement member may be attached to
the base assembly while a distant free end may extend away from the
base assembly to enlarge a base area provided by the base assembly.
The base assembly may also be constructed to receive rebars for
connecting adjacent base assemblies.
[0008] According to one embodiment of the invention, a plurality of
spaced apart base assemblies may be deployed to form a cohesive
installation. Each base assembly may be arranged such that the free
ends of the reinforcement members are spaced apart from remaining
adjacent base assemblies. If an impact is expected to strike a
first side of the bollard assembly from a particular direction, a
base assembly is arranged to have the reinforcement member
generally along the same direction of the expected impact and
extending from a second opposed side of the base assembly. Rebars
may be provided to connect various base assemblies to form a
cohesive installation. When an impact strikes any of the bollard
members installed in the base assemblies, the impact force or load
is effectively transferred from the bollard members to their base
assemblies and distributed among various base assemblies in the
installation. As and when required, the bollard member may be
removed from the base assembly to permit penetration.
[0009] A combination of these and other features are designed to
enhance the flexibility of the barrier installation and to increase
the impact rating of a barrier installation without having to
significantly increase the dimensions of the bollard assemblies.
Other advantages will be apparent upon reading of the following
detailed description and review of the associated drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0010] FIG. 1A is a plan view of an installation of a removable
bollard assembly according to one embodiment of the invention.
[0011] FIG. 1B is a side view of the installation of FIG. 1A.
[0012] FIG. 1C is another side view of the installation of FIG.
1A.
[0013] FIG. 2 is a side view of the installation of FIG. 1A having
a plurality of rebars disposed therein.
[0014] FIG. 3A is a side view of the removable bollard assembly of
FIG. 1A.
[0015] FIG. 3B is a plan view of the removable bollard assembly of
FIG. 3A.
[0016] FIG. 3C is a side view of FIG. 3A without a bollard member
and having a cover plate.
[0017] FIG. 4A is a side view of an installation without a bollard
member according to one embodiment of the invention.
[0018] FIG. 4B is a side view of an installation of FIG. 4A having
a bollard member secured therein.
[0019] FIG. 4C is a side view of FIG. 4B without a bollard member
and having a cover plate.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0020] In the following description, numerous specific details are
set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of various
illustrative embodiments of the present invention. It will be
understood, however, to one skilled in the art, that embodiments of
the present invention may be practiced without some or all of these
specific details. In other instances, well known process operations
have not been described in detail in order not to unnecessarily
obscure pertinent aspects of embodiments being described. In the
drawings, like reference numerals refer to same or similar
functionalities or features throughout the several views.
[0021] Reference is made to FIGS. 1A, 1B and 1C illustrating
various views of an installation of a removable bollard assembly
according to one embodiment of the invention. The removable bollard
assembly comprises a fixed component and a removable component. The
fixed component comprises a base assembly 20 having a sleeve 40
therein, and at least one reinforcement member (32a, 32b) attached
to the base assembly 20. The removable component comprises a
removable bollard member 10 which may be received in the sleeve 40
and removably engaged with the base assembly 20.
[0022] The base assembly 20 includes at least one I-beam (or
H-beam) cross-section arrangement. The I-beam arrangement comprises
a top plate 22, a bottom plate 24 and at least one intermediate
plate 26 interposed therebetween. The intermediate plates 26 may be
fixedly attached to the top and bottom plates 24, such as by
welding, to support the top and the bottom plates 24. In the
embodiment of FIGS. 1A, 1B and 1C, four intermediate plates 26 are
provided in the base assembly 20 and disposed substantially
perpendicular to one another. However, it should be appreciated
that other number of intermediate plates 26 may be provided and may
be disposed at other angles with respect to one another. In the
case where only two intermediate plates 26 are provided, the two
intermediate plates 26 may be disposed at about 180 degrees with
respect to each other. The I-beam cross-section arrangement is to
provide reinforcement to the base assembly 20. More particularly,
the intermediate plates 26 support the top and the bottom plates 24
to prevent deformation due to static loading prior to loading of an
impact. To further reinforce the base assembly 20, additional
I-beam structures may be disposed or nested between the top and the
bottom plates 22, 24 to provide further support (see FIG. 1B).
[0023] The base assembly 20 also includes a sleeve 40 to receive a
removable bollard member 10 therein. The sleeve 40 may be formed in
the base assembly 20 and integrated with the I-beam arrangement.
More specifically, the sleeve 40 may be fixedly attached, such as
by welding, to the top plate 22, the bottom plate 24 as well as the
intermediate plates 26. Such an arrangement is to increase the
strength and stability of the bollard assembly. An exemplary
arrangement is illustrated in FIGS. 1A, 1B, 1C, 2 and 3A in which a
lower end of the sleeve 40 is attached to a bottom plate 24 and
supported by four intermediate plates 26 at the sides of the sleeve
40. Another exemplary arrangement is illustrated in FIG. 4A in
which a non-end portion of the sleeve 40 is supported by four
intermediate plates 26 at the sides with a lower end of the sleeve
40 projecting through the bottom plate 24. (The embodiment of FIG.
4A will be described in later paragraphs). It should be appreciated
that other arrangements allowing the bollard member 10 to be
integrated with the I-beam arrangement may be envisaged in other
embodiments of the invention.
[0024] A coupling mechanism is provided in the sleeve 40 to
removably engage a bollard member 10 with the base assembly 20.
Various forms of coupling mechanisms may be suitable with
embodiments of the invention. An example is shown in FIG. 3A which
illustrates a side cross-sectional view of a removable bollard
installed at a site. The coupling mechanism may include a coupler
socket 42 or receptacle, e.g., a Dywidag coupler connection,
attached to the base assembly 20, such as by welding the coupler
socket 42 to the lower end of the sleeve 40. The coupler socket 42
may be threaded to receive in engagement a compatible threaded bar
44 provided with a removable bollard member 10.
[0025] In the removable bollard member 10 which may be provided in
the form of a hollow tube, a stiff plate 46 may be provided
proximate to an upper end and a lower end of the bollard member 10.
The stiff plates 46 may be fixedly attached to the hollow tube and
may have apertures or perforations which are sized to receive a
threaded bar 44 therein. A lower end of the threaded bar 44 may be
received and secured in the coupler socket 42. An upper end of the
threaded bar 44 may be secured to the bollard member 10 by
fastening the threaded bar 44 to the stiff plate 46 with a
fastening mechanism, including but not limited to, a lock nut 48 or
hex nut 48. Additional stiff plates 46 may be inserted at intervals
in the bollard member 10 to retain the threaded bar 44 in a
predetermined position.
[0026] In the base assembly 20, one or more reinforcement members
(30a, 30b) may be attached thereto to enlarge an effective base
area which in turn increases stability of the bollard assembly. The
base assembly 20 provides a base area in a direction generally
perpendicular to the sleeve 40. One end of the reinforcement member
(30a, 30b) may be attached to the base assembly 20 while a distant
free end (32a, 32b) extends away from the base assembly 20. The
reinforcement members (30a, 30b) are to provide an extension to the
base area in the same direction generally traverse to the sleeve
40. When a vehicle strikes the bollard member 10, the impact force
is transmitted to the base assembly 20 and to the reinforcement
members (30a, 30b) to be dissipated to the surroundings, e.g.
ground. An enlarged base assembly 20 is therefore more capable of
stabilizing a bollard assembly when the bollard member 10 is struck
by an impact.
[0027] In the embodiment of FIGS. 1A and 1B, a plurality of first
reinforcement members 30a are fixedly attached, such as by welding,
to a bottom plate 24 of the base assembly 20 to resist a tension
force resulting from an impact. In addition, a plurality of second
reinforcement members 30b may be fixedly attached to a top plate 22
of the base assembly 20 to resist a compression force resulting
from the impact. The reinforcement members (30a, 30b) may be
cylindrical rods or any other suitable forms. The reinforcement
members (30a, 30b) may have a length (L.sub.RM) which is greater
than a length (L.sub.BA) of the base assembly 20, and a
cross-section diameter or dimension (D.sub.RM) which is
substantially lesser than a height (H.sub.BA) of the base assembly
20. These proportions are advantageous in reducing material costs.
Optionally, stirrups 34 may be provided to couple the first and the
second reinforcement members 30b for additional support (see FIGS.
1A and 1B). Various modifications to the reinforcement members
(30a, 30b) may be made depending on the impact rating required.
Generally, to achieve higher impact rating, the number of
reinforcement members (30a, 30b), length of reinforcement members
(30a, 30b), cross-section area of reinforcement members (30a, 30b),
or a combination thereof may be increased.
[0028] According to embodiments of the invention, a base assembly
20 may be connected to one or more other base assemblies 20 to
provide a cohesive installation capable of arresting large impact
forces. To this purpose, intermediate plates 26 of each base
assembly 20 may be perforated to receive rebars 104 there through.
The interconnection of several bollard assemblies via rebars 104 is
described in greater detail in later paragraphs.
[0029] An exemplary removable assembly according to an embodiment
(e.g. FIG. 1A) may have the following dimensions. The base assembly
20 may have a length (L.sub.BA) of 0.50 m, a breadth (B.sub.BA) of
0.50 m and a height (H.sub.BA) of 0.175 m. The removable bollard
member 10 may have a projection height (H.sub.BM) of 1.20 m from
the top plate 22 of the base assembly 20, an outer diameter
(OD.sub.BM) of 0.194 m. If the bollard member 10 is a hollow
tubular member, an inner diameter may be 0.178 m such that a
thickness of the bollard member 10 is 0.016 m. Accordingly, for
this and other embodiments, the base assembly 20 may be installed
within about 1.00 m below an installation surface level, e.g.
ground or other levels. In an exemplary installation, several base
assemblies 20 may be spaced apart by between about 1.0 m to about
1.5 m.
[0030] Dimensions of various embodiments of a bollard assembly are
not limited to the above and may vary according to impact rating
requirements and site conditions. Generally, to increase the impact
rating of a bollard assembly, one of the following parameters or a
combination thereof may be increased: dimensions of a base assembly
20 (including height, length and breadth), thickness of the plates
forming the base assembly 20, dimensions of reinforcement members
(30a, 30b) (including length and cross-section area), and number of
reinforcement members (30a, 30b).
[0031] In FIGS. 1A, 1B and 1C, the base assembly 20 is formed from
top and bottom plates 24 having a square shape. The sleeve 40 and
the bollard member 10 may have compatible circular cross-sections.
It should be appreciated that the base assembly 20, sleeve 40 and
the bollard member 10 may have cross-sections of other shapes,
including but not limited to, rectangle, square, circle, oval,
triangle, and any other geometrical and non-geometrical shapes.
Also, the base assembly 20 may be prefabricated and or assembled at
the installation site. Further, the base assembly 20, reinforcement
member (30a, 30b) and removable bollard member 10 may comprise a
material of high strength, e.g. steel.
[0032] FIG. 2 is a side view of an installation the bollard
assembly of FIG. 1A having a plurality of rebars 104 disposed to
connect a base assembly 20 to adjacent base assemblies 20. A
shallow trench is provided in the ground in which several base
assemblies 20 may be arranged therein and spaced apart from one
another by a predetermined distance. The spacing of the base
assemblies 20 would depend on the impact rating required of the
installation.
[0033] The base assemblies 20 are arranged such that their
reinforcement members (30a, 30b) are disposed generally along a
path expected of an impact but opposite the side of the bollard
assembly receiving the expected impact. For example, if an impact
is expected from a direction or path X towards a first side of a
base assembly 20, the reinforcement members (30a, 30b) may be
disposed generally along direction or path X on a second side,
which is opposed to the first side of the base assembly 20 (see
FIG. 2). When a vehicle traveling along direction X strikes the
bollard member 10, the bollard assembly would tend to tilt in the
direction of the impact. Without the reinforcement members (30a,
30b) to resist the tensile and/or compression forces resulting from
the impact, a sufficiently large impact would topple the bollard
member 10, dislodge the bollard assembly and eventually allowing
the attacking vehicle to penetrate. With the reinforcement members
(30a, 30b) provided on a side of the bollard assembly opposite to
the expected impact, the reinforcement members (30a, 30b) provide a
larger effective base area to resist the impact force and thereby
minimizing tilting and preventing dislodgement of the base assembly
20. The base assembly 20 may also be arranged such that free ends
32 of the reinforcement members (30a, 30b) are spaced apart from
adjacent base assemblies 20.
[0034] Impact rating of an installation of bollard assemblies may
be further enhanced by connecting several base assemblies 20 to
provide a cohesive installation having a larger effective base area
which in turn increases stability. To this purpose, one or more
rebars 104 may be provided through perforations in the intermediate
plates 26 of adjacent base assemblies 20 (see FIG. 2). The rebars
104 may be removably or fixedly arranged through the perforations.
As illustrated in FIG. 2, rebars 104 are provided through
intermediate plates 26 of adjacent bollard assemblies (see FIGS. 1A
and 2). Addtional rebars 104 may also be provided in a generally
perpendicular direction intersecting other rebars 104. The various
reinforcement bars 30 intersect the base assemblies 20 to provide a
reinforced foundation pad for the installation. When one or more
bollard assemblies in a completed installation is struck by a
vehicle, the impact is distributed to the enlarged base area formed
by the reinforcement bars 30 interconnecting various base
assemblies 20. Since the network of reinforcement bars 30
interconnecting various base assemblies 20 is encased in a rigid
bonding material, e.g. concrete, a stable foundation is provided to
restrain movement of the bollard assemblies.
[0035] As and when required, the bollard members 10 may be secured
to or removed from the base assemblies 20. To secure a bollard
member 10 to a base assembly 20, the bollard member 10 may be
disposed in the sleeve 40. A threaded bar 44 may be inserted
through the bollard member 10 so that one end of the threaded bar
44 is received in engagement with a coupling socket 42 disposed in
the base assembly 20. The threaded bar 44 may be secured to the
bollard member 10 by a fastener such as a lock nut 48, hex nut 48
or any other suitable fastener. Upon removal of the bollard member
10 from the base assembly 20, a cover plate 52 may be provided to
close an opening in the sleeve 40 so that the installation may
appear substantially flush with an adjoining surface (see FIG.
3C).
[0036] Depending on the conditions of the installation site, a
height of the sleeve 40 in relation to a height of the base
assembly 20 may be varied. At installation sites where there is
less constraint on excavation depth, the height of the sleeve 40
(H.sub.SL) may be approximately equal to the height (H.sub.BA) of
the base assembly 20, such as in the embodiments of FIGS. 1A, 1B,
1C and 2. At installation sites where an installation surface is
above ground and the excavation depth is more limited (e.g.
bridges, highways), the height of the sleeve 40 (H.sub.SL) may be
substantially greater than the height (H.sub.BA) of the base
assembly 20 (see FIG. 4A). In the embodiment of FIGS. 4A, 4B and 4C
where the installation site (e.g. bridge 102) has a thickness of
about 0.15 m, the height of the sleeve 40 is substantially greater
than the height of the base assembly 20 and is lesser than the
height of the removable bollard member 10. The greater sleeve 40
height in relation to the height of the base assembly 20 is to
provide a deeper recess to allow a more secured installation of the
removable bollard to the base assembly 20.
[0037] In the embodiment of FIG. 4A, a portion of the bridge 102
(e.g. a planar slab) may be secured between a top plate 22 and a
bottom plate 24 of a base assembly 20. Due to site constraints, the
sleeve 40 may project from the bottom plate 24 of the base assembly
20. A sleeve support member 50 may be provided abutting the bottom
plate 24 of the base assembly 20 to secure a lower portion of the
sleeve 40 to the base assembly 20. In FIG. 4A, the sleeve support
member 50 is illustrated as a hollow tubular member but may take
other forms in other embodiments. In addition, the sleeve support
member 50 may be constructed to allow connection to an adjacent
base assembly. For example, the sleeve support member 50 member may
be apertured to receive rebars 104 there through, in which the
rebars 104 may also be received by another sleeve support member 50
of an adjacent base assembly. The rebars 104 may be fixedly
attached to the sleeve support members 50, such as by welding. A
layer of paver material 108 may be provided around or on the top
plate 22 of the base assembly 20.
[0038] FIG. 4B illustrates a base assembly 20 of FIG. 4A having a
removable bollard member 10 installed therein. The coupling
mechanism to secure the bollard member 10 to the base assembly 20
may be the same as that illustrated for FIG. 3A. FIG. 4C
illustrates a base assembly 20 without a bollard member 10 and
having a cover plate 52 thereon. The cover plate 52 closes an
opening in the sleeve 40 to provide a substantially flush surface
with an adjoining surface of the installation site.
[0039] A general method of installing a plurality of base
assemblies 20 at a site is described as follows. The site is
prepared by excavating a trench for receiving the base assemblies
20. Dimensions of the trench would depend on a height required of
the bollards, spacing between adjacent base assemblies 20 as well
as the dimensions of the base assembly 20 and reinforcement members
(30a, 30b). An illustrative range of the depth of a trench may
range from between about 0.20 m to about 1.00 m to avoid a need for
deep excavations. Optionally, a leveling material, such as
concrete, may be provided in the trench to form a level surface for
easy installation of the base assemblies 20. Subsequently, a
plurality of prefabricated base assemblies 20 may be arranged in
the trench and separated by a predetermined distance with free ends
32 of their reinforcement members (30a, 30b) spaced apart from
adjacent base assemblies 20. Optionally, a small amount of concrete
may be provided at this stage to set the base assemblies 20 in
position. The plurality of base assemblies 20 is arranged such that
their reinforcement members (30a, 30b) are oriented to resist an
impact expected from a predetermined direction. More particularly,
the first reinforcement member 30a, which has one end attached to
the base assembly 20 and a distant free end 32a extending away from
the base assembly 20, is spaced apart from remaining adjacent base
assemblies 20.
[0040] Rebars 104 may connect the plurality of base assemblies 20
by providing the rebars 104 through appropriate perforations in the
base assemblies 20. The number of rebars 104 and their arrangement
would depend on site conditions as well as the desired impact
rating required. A bonding material 106, such as concrete, is then
provided to fill the trench as well as to anchor the base
assemblies 20 to the site. If it is desired to conceal the base
assembly 20, a layer of the bonding material 106 may be provided
above the top plate 22 of the base assembly 20. This layer may
range between 2.5 cm to about 6.0 cm but is not limited as such.
Otherwise, if it is desired to have the top plate 22 of the base
assembly 20 flush with an adjoining surface, the bonding material
106 should accordingly be provided only in the surroundings of the
base assembly 20. Optionally, paver materials 108 may be provided
around the base assemblies 20.
[0041] When it is desired to install the removable bollard member
10, the bollard member 10 may arranged in the sleeve 40 and a
threaded bar 44 provided through the bollard member 10 to engage a
lower end of the threaded bar 44 with a coupler socket 42 at the
base assembly 20. An upper end of the threaded bar 44 may be
secured to the bollard member 10 by a fastener such as a lock or
hex nut 48. The bollard member 10 may form part of street
furniture, including but not limited to, lamp posts, signage posts,
bus shelters, benches, planters, trash bins.
[0042] Certain variations to the above general method may be
required in the installation of the embodiment of FIG. 4A due to
site conditions. For example, the trench for disposing the base
assemblies 20 may be a through hole. Also, some parts of the base
assembly 20 may be prefabricated and attached to other parts (e.g.
top or bottom plates 24) on site. Further, if rebars 104 are
desired, the rebars 104 may be provided to connect the sleeve
support members 50 of the base assemblies 20.
[0043] It is to be understood that other embodiments will be
apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the
specification and practice of the present invention. Furthermore,
certain terminology has been used for the purposes of descriptive
clarity, and not to limit the invention. The embodiments and
features described above should be considered exemplary, with the
invention being defined by the appended claims.
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