U.S. patent application number 11/888856 was filed with the patent office on 2009-02-05 for shield design for magnetic recording head.
This patent application is currently assigned to Headway Technologies, Inc.. Invention is credited to Moris Dovek, Glen Garfunkel, Joseph Smyth, Kenichi Takano, Yuchen Zhou.
Application Number | 20090034130 11/888856 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 40337859 |
Filed Date | 2009-02-05 |
United States Patent
Application |
20090034130 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Garfunkel; Glen ; et
al. |
February 5, 2009 |
Shield design for magnetic recording head
Abstract
A magnetic shield in which all domain patterns and orientations
are stable and which are consistently repeated each time said
shield is exposed to an initialization field, is disclosed. This
has been achieved by giving it a suitable shape which ensures that
all closure domains can align themselves at a reduced angle
relative to the initialization direction while still being roughly
antiparallel to one another. Most, though not all, of these shapes
are variations on trapezoids.
Inventors: |
Garfunkel; Glen; (San Jose,
CA) ; Dovek; Moris; (San Jose, CA) ; Takano;
Kenichi; (Cupertino, CA) ; Smyth; Joseph;
(Aptos, CA) ; Zhou; Yuchen; (Milpitas,
CA) |
Correspondence
Address: |
SAILE ACKERMAN LLC
28 DAVIS AVENUE
POUGHKEEPSIE
NY
12603
US
|
Assignee: |
Headway Technologies, Inc.
|
Family ID: |
40337859 |
Appl. No.: |
11/888856 |
Filed: |
August 2, 2007 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
360/319 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G11B 5/3146 20130101;
G11B 5/3912 20130101; G11B 5/11 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
360/319 |
International
Class: |
G11B 5/127 20060101
G11B005/127; G11B 5/33 20060101 G11B005/33 |
Claims
1. A method to stabilize any one of a plurality of magnetic
shields, in a magnetic head having an ABS, during exposure of said
shields to an initializing magnetic field having a direction,
comprising: giving said shield a shape selected from the group
consisting of trapezoids, modified trapezoids, assisted trapezoids,
hexagons, irregular octagons, notched quadrilaterals, and
trapezoids modified to have reduced contact with the ABS; ensuring
thereby that all closure domains can align themselves at a reduced
angle relative to said initialization direction while still being
roughly antiparallel to one another thereby ensuring the presence
of only one domain at each non-parallel edge, and reducing the
likelihood of embedded diamond domain formation; and whereby all
domain patterns and orientations within said shield are
consistently repeated each time said shield is exposed to an
initialization field.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein said shape is a trapezoid, one of
whose parallel edges is coplanar with the ABS and wherein both said
trapezoid's non-parallel edges converge towards the ABS.
3. The method of claim 2 wherein angles between said parallel and
non-parallel edges range from -60 to +60 degrees and said trapezoid
has a mean width to height ratio of between about 0.5 and 10.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein said shape is a trapezoid, one of
whose parallel edges is coplanar with the ABS and wherein both said
trapezoid's non-parallel edges diverge away from the ABS.
5. The method of claim 4 wherein angles between said parallel and
non-parallel edges range from -60 to +60 degrees and said trapezoid
has a mean width to height ratio of between about 0.5 and 10.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein said shape is a modified trapezoid
having a first edge that is coplanar with the ABS over said first
edge's entire length, second and third edges that are not parallel
to one another and that are connected to said first edge, a fourth
edge comprising a central part that is parallel to said first edge,
and a pair of opposing outer parts, each outer part further
comprising a first sub-part that extends away from said first edge
and a second sub-part that connects said first part to said second
or said third edge, whichever is closest.
7. The method of claim 6 wherein each of said outer parts has a
maximum separation from said first edge that is at least 1.02 times
said central part's distance from said first edge.
8. The method of claim 1 wherein said shape is a modified trapezoid
having a first edge that is coplanar with the ABS over its entire
length, two second opposing edges that are not parallel to one
another and that are connected to said first edge, and a third edge
comprising a central part, parallel to said first edge, connected
to a pair of opposing outer parts, that are parallel to said first
edge and further therefrom than said central part, each of said
outer parts being connected to one of said second edges.
9. The method of claim 8 wherein each of said outer parts is at a
maximum distance from said first edge that is at least 1.02 times
said central part's distance from said first edge.
10. The method of claim 1 wherein said shape is a modified
trapezoid having a first edge that is coplanar with the ABS over
its entire length, two second opposing edges that are not parallel
to one another and that are connected to said first edge, and a
curved edge whose end points each connect to one of said second
edges, said curved edge having a center point whose distance to
said first edge is less than either of said end point's distance to
said first edge.
11. The method of claim 10 wherein each of said end points has a
maximum distance from said first edge that is at least 1.02 times
said center point's distance from said first edge.
12. The method of claim 1 wherein said shape is a trapezoid, having
a first edge that is coplanar with the ABS, a second edge parallel
to said first edge, and a pair of secondary shields having edges
that are parallel to, and coplanar with, said second edge,
separated therefrom by no more than the shield's height, whereby
said secondary shields serve to assist nucleation of domains in
said magnetic shield.
13. The method of claim 1 wherein said shape is a hexagon having a
first edge that is coplanar with the ABS, a second edge parallel to
said first edge, a pair of opposing third edges connected to
opposing ends of said first edge, and a pair of opposing fourth
edges that connect said opposing ends of said second edges to said
third edges.
14. The method of claim 13 wherein said hexagon has a width to
height ratio of between about 0.25 and 5.
15. The method of claim 1 wherein said shape is an irregular
octagon having a first edge that is coplanar with the ABS, a second
edge, longer than and parallel to, said first edge, a pair of
opposing third edges, normal to said ABS, connected to opposing
ends of said first edge, and a pair of opposing fourth edges,
normal to said ABS, connected to opposing ends of said second edge,
and a pair of fifth opposing edges that connect said second and
fourth edges.
16. The method of claim 15 wherein separation between said fourth
edges is between about 0.25 to 5 times separation between said
first and second edges.
17. The method of claim 1 wherein said shape is an irregular
hexagon having a first edge that is coplanar with the ABS and has a
first width, a second edge, longer than and parallel to, said first
edge and having a second width, a pair of opposing third edges,
normal to said second edge, connected to opposing ends of said
second edge, and a pair of fourth opposing edges that connect third
edges to opposing ends of said first edge.
18. The method of claim 17 further comprising reducing said first
width, relative to said second width, by inserting opposing edge
cut features between said first and fourth edges.
19. The method of claim 1 wherein said shape is a notched
quadrilateral having a pair of parallel first edges, one of which
is coplanar with the ABS, and a pair of second edges, separated by
a distance and connecting said first edges to each other, each
second edge further comprising multiple collinear sub-edges
connected through an odd number of inwardly facing V-shaped
notches, both second edges having the same number of notches and no
notch having a depth that exceeds 10% of said distance between said
second edges.
20. The method of claim 1 wherein said shape is a trapezoid
modified so that one of its parallel edges further comprises a
central section that is coplanar with the ABS and that is shorter
than its opposing parallel edge and a pair of outer sections that
connect said central section to said trapezoid's non-parallel
edges, said outer sections being further from said ABS than said
central section.
21. A magnetic shield, for use in a magnetic read-write head,
comprising: said shield having a shape selected from the group
consisting of trapezoids, modified trapezoids, assisted trapezoids,
hexagons, irregular octagons, notched quadrilaterals, and
trapezoids modified to have reduced contact with the ABS; all
closure domains in said shield being able to align themselves at a
reduced angle relative to an initialization direction while still
being roughly antiparallel to one another, thereby ensuring the
presence of only one domain at each non-parallel edge, and reducing
the likelihood of embedded diamond domain formation; and said
shield having one, and only one, domain along whichever edge of
said shield is coplanar with said ABS; and all domain orientations
within said shield being consistently repeatable each time said
shield is exposed to an initialization field.
22. The magnetic shield described in claim 21 wherein said shape is
a trapezoid, one of whose parallel edges is coplanar with the ABS
and wherein both said trapezoid's non-parallel edges converge
towards the ABS.
23. The magnetic shield described in claim 22 wherein angles
between said parallel and non-parallel edges range from -60 to +60
degrees and said trapezoid has a mean width to height ratio of
between about 0.5 and 10.
24. The magnetic shield described in claim 21 wherein said shape is
a trapezoid, one of whose parallel edges is coplanar with the ABS
and wherein both said trapezoid's non-parallel edges diverge away
from the ABS.
25. The magnetic shield described in claim 24 wherein angles
between said parallel and non-parallel edges range from -60 to +60
degrees and said trapezoid has a mean width to height ratio of
between about 0.5 and 10.
26. The magnetic shield described in claim 21 wherein said shape is
a modified trapezoid having a first edge that is coplanar with the
ABS over said first edge's entire length, second and third edges
that are not parallel to one another and that are connected to said
first edge, a fourth edge comprising a central part that is
parallel to said first edge, and a pair of opposing outer parts,
each outer part further comprising a first sub-part that extends
away from said first edge and a second sub-part that connects said
first part to said second or said third edge, whichever is
closest.
27. The magnetic shield described in claim 26 wherein each of said
outer parts has a maximum separation from said first edge that is
at least 1.02 times said central part's distance from said first
edge.
28. The magnetic shield described in claim 21 wherein said shape is
a modified trapezoid having a first edge that is coplanar with the
ABS over its entire length, two second opposing edges that are not
parallel to one another and that are connected to said first edge,
and a third edge comprising a central part, parallel to said first
edge, connected to a pair of opposing outer parts, that are
parallel to said first edge and further therefrom than said central
part, each of said outer parts being connected to one of said
second edges.
29. The magnetic shield described in claim 28 wherein each of said
outer parts is at a maximum distance from said first edge that is
at least 1.02 times said central part's distance from said first
edge.
30. The magnetic shield described in claim 21 wherein said shape is
a modified trapezoid having a first edge that is coplanar with the
ABS over its entire length, two second opposing edges that are not
parallel to one another and that are connected to said first edge,
and a curved edge whose end points each connect to one of said
second edges, said curved edge having a center point whose distance
to said first edge is less than either of said end point's distance
to said first edge.
31. The magnetic shield described in claim 30 wherein each of said
end points has a maximum distance from said first edge that is at
least 1.02 times said center point's distance from said first
edge.
32. The magnetic shield described in claim 21 wherein said shape is
a trapezoid, having a first edge that is coplanar with the ABS, a
second edge parallel to said first edge, and a pair of secondary
shields having edges that are parallel to, and coplanar with, said
second edge, separated therefrom by no more than the shield's
height, whereby said secondary shields serve to assist nucleation
of domains in said magnetic shield.
33. The magnetic shield described in claim 21 wherein said shape is
a hexagon having a first edge that is coplanar with the ABS, a
second edge parallel to said first edge, a pair of opposing third
edges connected to opposing ends of said first edge, and a pair of
opposing fourth edges that connect said opposing ends of said
second edges to said third edges.
34. The magnetic shield described in claim 33 wherein said hexagon
has a width to height ratio of between about 0.25 and 5.
35. The magnetic shield described in claim 21 wherein said shape is
an irregular octagon having a first edge that is coplanar with the
ABS, a second edge, longer than and parallel to, said first edge, a
pair of opposing third edges, normal to said ABS, connected to
opposing ends of said first edge, and a pair of opposing fourth
edges, normal to said ABS, connected to opposing ends of said
second edge, and a pair of fifth opposing edges that connect said
second and fourth edges.
36. The magnetic shield described in claim 35 wherein separation
between said fourth edges is between about 0.25 to 5 times
separation between said first and second edges.
37. The magnetic shield described in claim 21 wherein said shape is
an irregular hexagon having a first edge that is coplanar with the
ABS and that has a first width, a second edge, longer than and
parallel to, said first edge and having a second width, a pair of
opposing third edges, normal to said second edge, connected to
opposing ends of said second edge, and a pair of fourth opposing
edges that connect third edges to opposing ends of said first
edge.
38. The magnetic shield described in claim 37 further comprising
opposing edge cut features inserted between said first and fourth
edges whereby said first width is reduced relative to said second
width.
39. The magnetic shield described in claim 21 wherein said shape is
a notched quadrilateral having a pair of parallel first edges, one
of which is coplanar with the ABS, and a pair of second edges,
separated by a distance and connecting said first edges to each
other, each second edge further comprising multiple collinear
sub-edges connected through an odd number of inwardly facing
V-shaped notches, both second edges having the same number of
notches and no notch having a depth that exceeds 10% of said
distance between said second edges.
40. The magnetic shield described in claim 21 wherein said shape is
a trapezoid modified so that one of its parallel edges further
comprises a central section that is coplanar with the ABS and that
is shorter than its opposing parallel edge and a pair of outer
sections that connect said central section to said trapezoid's
non-parallel edges, said outer sections being further from said ABS
than said central section.
Description
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0001] The invention relates to the general field of magnetics with
particular reference to magnetic shields included in
magneto-resistive devices and how to stabilize them.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] Non-hysteretic, repeatable, and substantially linear
responses of the sensor and shields (S1 and S2) are to be preferred
in a magnetic read-write head. The key contributors are to such
nonlinear and hysteretic responses are uncontrolled magnetic
domains in the shields. Examples relating to various shield domain
configurations are shown in FIGS. 1-3. Originally obtained as
micro-Kerr images, they are presented here as line drawings, in the
interests of improved clarity. These responses are typical of what
is seen in the prior art.
[0003] The current (prior art) design standard for shields is to
give them a rectangular (or close to rectangular) shape, as
exemplified by the shapes shown in FIGS. 1-3, whose width to height
ratio may vary, and with an edge cut possibly added (e.g. as shown
as feature 31 in FIG. 3). In the shield shown in FIG.1 there is a
single domain 11 extending along the bottom ABS 12 (air bearing
surface) edge of the shield and an opposing domain 13 along the top
edge; this is referred to as a `2-domain` state, because of its two
primary longitudinal domains. In FIG. 2, a vertically oriented
domain 21 is seen near the center of the shield, with opposing
domains 22 and 23 on either side of 21. We refer to domain 21 as a
`diamond domain.` In addition, a `3-domain` state, as shown in FIG.
3, can occur as well as variations thereon.
[0004] Two types of problem relating to these configurations can
occur in current shield designs: either the domain wall locations
may be undesirable or the domain orientation may be undesirable.
For example, there may be a desired repeatable orientation of the
ABS domain with respect to the applied field. The present invention
discloses a general solution to this problem, including a
methodology for designing stable shields through control of their
shapes.
[0005] The first of these approaches relates to domain
configurations similar to that shown in FIG. 2. The vertically
oriented diamond domain 21 in FIG. 2 can interfere with the
response of the head, giving a response to an applied field that is
different from that given by heads whose shields do not have such a
domain (e.g. FIG. 1 or FIG. 3). The head's sensor element's
response is sensitive to fringe fields emanating from the shield
part adjacent to the sensor, so that shield domain differences can
lead to differences in sensor response. The unfavorable domain
orientation seen in FIG. 2 is nucleated by the parallel closure
domains 22 and 23 that get locked into their parallel orientation
during the initialization process.
[0006] The second problem, also solved by the new shield shapes
disclosed here, is illustrated in FIG. 4. Here, even though there
are no internal domains, there are two single domains 41 and 42 of
opposite orientation--one along the top edge and one along the
bottom edge. The problem is that opposite orientations can arise
for different heads, or in the same head, for each
re-initialization. The response of the head, especially its signal
amplitude, will vary, depending on which of these two orientations
it happens to be in.
[0007] A routine search of the prior art was performed with the
following references of interest being found:
[0008] Headway application Ser. No. 11/117,672 filed Apr. 28, 2005
and Ser. No. 11/117,673 filed Apr. 28, 2005, disclose addition to a
shield of a pair of tabs located at the edges closest to the ABS.
These tabs serve to prevent flux concentrating at the edges so that
horizontal fields at these edges are significantly reduced.
Alternatively, the tabs may be omitted and, instead, outer portions
of the shield's lower edge may be shaped so as to slope upwards
away from the ABS.
[0009] U.S. Patent Application 2006/0203384 (Maruyama et al)
teaches that the reversed trapezoidal shield shape has advantages,
but proposes a method of forming a rectangular shape having the
qualities of the reversed trapezoidal shape. U.S. Pat. No.
6,222,702 (Macken et al) shows a shield having a hexagonal shape
and so designed that the W to H ratio provides an ideal magnetic
domain structure and so that triangular shaped closure magnetic
domains assure the domain walls do not move.
[0010] U.S. Patent Application 2007/0035878 (Guthrie et al)
describes a notch in a trailing shield that helps align the main
pole to the trailing shield. U.S. Patent Application 2006/0092566
(Ho et al) shows a shield in FIG. 6 that looks like the shield in
FIG. 12 of the invention. U.S. Pat. No. 6,967,823 (Nokamoto et al)
shows a main pole that has a trapezoidal shape. The shield has a
domain stabilization layer.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0011] It has been an object of at least one embodiment of the
present invention to provide a shield, for use in magnetic
read-write heads, in which all domain patterns and orientations are
stable and which are consistently repeated each time said shield is
exposed to an initialization field.
[0012] Another object of at least one embodiment of the present
invention has been to provide a method for forming such a
shield.
[0013] These objects have been achieved by giving the shield a
suitable shape which ensures that all closure domains can align
themselves at a reduced angle relative to the initialization
direction while still being roughly antiparallel to one another
thereby ensuring the presence of only one domain at each
non-parallel edge, and reducing the likelihood of embedded diamond
domain formation.
[0014] The following is a non-exhaustive list of the shapes that
can be shown to satisfy the above requirements with regard to the
domain patterns that they support:
[0015] Trapezoids, modified trapezoids, assisted trapezoids,
hexagons, irregular octagons, notched quadrilaterals, and
trapezoids modified to have reduced contact with the ABS. In
addition to providing domain stability, these shapes also result in
the directions of magnetization of the domains being consistent and
reproducible from one initialization to another.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0016] FIG. 1 shows a rectangular shaped shield, with varying
aspect ratios, that is common in current shield designs. The ideal
domain pattern shown there (single domain extending along bottom
edge of shield} is difficult to achieve in existing shield
designs.
[0017] FIG. 2 shows how a diamond domain is formed when the right
and left side closure domains are parallel.
[0018] FIG. 3. illustrates a `3-domain` state having three dominant
horizontal domains. This state can be desirable or undesirable,
depending on design.
[0019] FIG. 4. is an example where single domains along top and
bottom edges have been achieved but with opposite orientations in
different devices and/or upon re-initialization.
[0020] FIG. 5a shows how a trapezoidal shield shape leads to the
same domain configuration when exposed to the same initialization
direction.
[0021] FIG. 5b is similar to 5a but with the wider of the parallel
edges being the one that is at the ABS.
[0022] FIG. 6a is a modified trapezoid shield shape substantially
similar to a trapezoid but where some material has been added to
the back edge.
[0023] FIG. 6b is similar to 6a but with the added material shaped
somewhat differently.
[0024] FIG. 6c is similar to 6a and 6b but with the back edge
having an arbitrary shape that dips down from high points near the
left and right sides.
[0025] FIG. 7 shows a trapezoid shield shape with detached assist
features.
[0026] FIG. 8 shows how a hexagonal shield can lead to a stable
domain pattern.
[0027] FIGS. 9a and 9b show an irregular octagon which, in this
example, has a tab shape.
[0028] FIG. 9c is an irregular hexagon formed by removing the lower
rectangular section from FIG. 9a.
[0029] FIG. 10 illustrates a notched shape. The shield side (not
including the notch) may be straight or not.
[0030] FIGS. 11 and 12 illustrate trapezoidal shapes that include
an edge cut, with or without an additional ABS recessed cut.
[0031] FIG. 13 is the same as FIG. 9c but with edge cut notches,
similar to those shown in FIG. 11, added.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
[0032] The present invention discloses a number of novel shield
shapes which prevent the occurrence of the domain variability
described above. The trapezoidal shield shape designs shown in
FIGS. 5a and 5b are examples of preferred embodiments. During
initialization, the orientation of the closure domains 51 at the
left and right sides allows them to be aligned at a reduced angle
relative to the initialization direction (along the X-axis of this
figure) while still being roughly antiparallel to one another. This
assures the presence of only one domain at each of the non-parallel
edges, thereby eliminating the need for embedded diamond
domains.
[0033] The inverted shape shown in FIG. 5b provides a similar
solution to domain variability, but with opposite orientation of
the ABS domain. The choice between shape 5a or 5b will depend on
the particular head design. Use of trapezoids, such as shown in
FIG. 5 (or related shapes), ensures that the domain orientations
becomes consistently repeatable. As a general rule, the angle 52
between the parallel and non-parallel edges ranges from -60 to +60
degrees while the trapezoids have a mean width 54 to height 53
ratio of between about 0.5 and 10.
[0034] Other shapes that give additional control over shield domain
behavior include a modified trapezoid (FIG. 6), a trapezoid with
assist features (FIG. 7), a hexagon (FIG. 8), and a `tab` shape
(FIGS. 9a & 9b). Some shapes can stabilize domains into other
than the 2-domain state discussed above, so constraints will be
required on their aspect ratios.
[0035] FIG. 6 illustrates the use of features on the backside of
the shield so that reverse nucleation starts there first when the
initialization field is reduced. These back edge shapes are
typically such that the outer height 61/the central height 62
exceeds about 1.02. We define this inner height as the average
height over the central 25% 63 while the outer height is defined as
the maximum height over the remaining outer 75% (of the full width)
of the shield.
[0036] In FIG. 7, assist features, in the form of secondary shields
71 have been added to the back end of the main shield. Typically,
the separation 72 (between assist features 71 and back edge 73) is
less than shield height 62.
[0037] FIGS. 8 and 9a (hexagon and irregular octagon respectively)
take advantage of a three-domain generating shape by choosing the
correct aspect ratio. In a three domain configuration, reverse
nucleation begins at the center of the shape since the
demagnetizing field is largest there. The hexagon, as shown in FIG.
8, typically has a width to height ratio of between about 0.25 and
5 while the irregular octagon seen in FIG. 9a has upper and lower
vertical edges 91 and 92 respectively connected by sloping edges
93. The domain pattern associated with FIG. 9a is shown in FIG.
9b.
[0038] The shape shown in FIG. 9c is an irregular hexagon obtained
by removing rectangular section 92 from FIG. 9a. In the interests
of full enablement, we have elected to provide dimensions (in
microns) for this embodiment as we have found it to be particularly
effective. It is, however, to be understood that changes to these
dimensions may be introduced without departing from the spirit and
intent of the invention, including this particular embodiment, as
long as the general shape that is shown in FIG. 9c is retained.
[0039] Another approach to domain stabilization involves use of a
notch feature as shown in FIG.10. In the notch concept, the same
odd number of notches are designed into each shield side. FIG. 10
illustrates the one notch 101 per side case where it is seen that
the notches help to stabilize a 3-domain state. For the notch
concept, the shield sides (excluding the notch) may be straight or
non-straight but no notch should have a depth that exceeds 10% of
the distance between the vertical edges 102.
[0040] Note that the upper and lower shields of the full read-write
head need not have the same shape or size so that different shapes
may be used for them, including the case where only one of the
shields is given one of the shapes disclosed above while the other
shield continues to have a conventional rectangular shape.
[0041] Also, all the shapes disclosed above can be made with or
without an additional ABS edge cut feature of the type shown as 111
in FIG.11 and 123 in FIG. 12. An edge cut feature means that the
intersection angle 112 between the ABS and the shield side wall (at
the ABS) is small, thereby reducing stray fields at shield corners
(which might otherwise induce partial media erasure). Also, all
shapes can be made with or without an additional ABS recessed cut
feature 121, as shown in FIG. 12. The ABS recessed cut feature
facilitates use of narrow rail air bearings.
[0042] The result of adding an edge cut feature of this type to the
shape shown in FIG. 9c is illustrated in FIG. 13. As was done for
FIG. 9c, dimensions (in microns) are given in FIG. 13. As before,
it is to be understood that changes to these dimensions may be
introduced without departing from the spirit and intent of the
invention, as long as the general shape that is shown in FIG. 13 is
retained.
* * * * *