U.S. patent application number 12/131242 was filed with the patent office on 2009-02-05 for system and method of control of the terrestrial climate and its protection against warming and climatic catastrophes caused by warming such as hurricanes.
Invention is credited to Mark Hucko.
Application Number | 20090032214 12/131242 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 40337030 |
Filed Date | 2009-02-05 |
United States Patent
Application |
20090032214 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Hucko; Mark |
February 5, 2009 |
System and Method of Control of the Terrestrial Climate and its
Protection against Warming and Climatic Catastrophes Caused by
Warming such as Hurricanes
Abstract
This system of the control and protection of the terrestrial
climate relies mainly on civilian airlines burning (preferably
price-subsidized) sun-shading (sun-blocking/sun-reflective) fuels
in the high levels of the atmosphere in order to reduce the
intensity of the solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface. The
use of sun-blocking airline fuels for the protection of the Earth
from solar radiation parallels the use of sun-blocking skin-creams
for the protection of the individual. The invention parallels the
cooling effect on the Earth's climate caused by major volcanic
eruptions, collisions of the Earth with asteroids, or the cooling
effect one could expect after a major nuclear war. This invention
proposes the creation of a controlled mini "nuclear winter", in
other words of a cooling caused by the increased refraction of the
atmosphere or by the increased shading of the terrestrial surface
by particulates in the high levels of the atmosphere.
Inventors: |
Hucko; Mark; (Bratislava,
SK) |
Correspondence
Address: |
Mark Hucko
Budatinska 23
Bratislava
850105
SK
|
Family ID: |
40337030 |
Appl. No.: |
12/131242 |
Filed: |
June 2, 2008 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
60941666 |
Jun 3, 2007 |
|
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Current U.S.
Class: |
165/45 ;
165/47 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A01G 15/00 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
165/45 ;
165/47 |
International
Class: |
F24J 3/08 20060101
F24J003/08; F24H 3/00 20060101 F24H003/00 |
Claims
1. Method of control of the terrestrial climate by using a system
of formulation and use of sun-shading aircraft fuels, formulation
and spray-dusting of sun-shading aerial sprays from aircraft, the
regulated distribution of sun-shading dust, spray and exhaust fumes
in the upper reaches of die atmosphere mainly by commercial or
civilian aircraft; the use of aircraft and aircraft fuels to reduce
the amount of solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface, to stop
or slow down the warming of the Earth's climate, to cool the
Earth's climate and to neutralize the effect of greenhouse gasses
and other factor upon the warming of the Earth's climate; the
goal-oriented formulation of aircraft fuels in such a way that
their burning will produce sun-shading/sun-reflecting exhaust;
apart from the reformulation of aircraft fuels using standard
ingredients in new proportions, the addition of non-standard
ingredients into aircraft fuels, in order to increase the
sun-shading/sun-reflecting of their exhaust; the use of civilian,
commercial, private and military aircraft for the aerials
spray-dusting of other compounds with sun-shading qualities; the
installation of spray-dusting equipment on commercial, civilian,
private and military aircraft in order to use them for atmospheric
spray-dusting of sun-shading/sun-reflecting compounds the mandatory
use of sun-shading aircraft fuels and atmospheric sprays for just
about all aircraft; the regulated use of various types of
sun-shading/sun-reflecting aircraft fuels and atmospheric sprays in
such a way that the ones with stronger sun-shading properties would
be used in areas of low airplane traffic and those with lower
sun-shading properties in the areas of high airplane traffic;
quantification and assigning a sun-factor number to each airplane
fuel and sun-shading atmospheric spray depending upon their
abilities to shade sunlight, in a parallel way to skin-creams being
assigned a sun-factor number; viewing and using sun-shading
aircraft fuels and sun-shading atmospheric sprays as a "sun-cream"
or "sun-block" for the planet Earth, parallel to
sun-shading/sun-blocking skin-creams, the use of aircraft and of
sun-shading aircraft fuels and atmospheric sprays for the reduction
of die amount of sunlight reaching the Earth's surface--not only to
stop warming of die Earth's climate but also to moderate and
regulate tropical storms and to dampen the destructive force of
tropical storms such as hurricanes, cyclones or typhoons; the
controlled and regulated burning of aircraft fuels whose exhaust
fumes increase the refraction of the atmosphere or the sun-shading
of the terrestrial surface and lead to a controlled mini "nuclear
winter", in other words to the regulated cooling of the terrestrial
surface; the regulated scheduling of the use of various types of
sun-shading or non-sun-shading aircraft fuels on different routes,
in different regions and at different times, according to the
weather conditions, season and the density of air traffic in any
particular area; to equip all high-flying aircraft with two
separate fuel-holding areas, one for non-sun-shading fuels, used
during take-offs and landings, and another for highly sun-shading
fuels, used for flight in high levels of the atmosphere.
Description
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] Application number 60941666, EFS-ID: 1833526, Confirmation
Number 2585, "System and Method of Control of the Terrestrial
Climate and its Protection against Warming and Hurricanes",
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0002] Area of Technology
[0003] This invention touches upon the following areas of science
and technology: meteorology, environmental sciences, pollution
control, chemistry, physics, biology, fuel composition, crude oil
refinement, air-traffic control, air-traffic routing.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0004] Theoretical causes of the warning of the terrestrial
climate.
[0005] The most common theory behind the warming of the terrestrial
climate is the increased concentration of anthropogenic or
greenhouse gasses (mainly of CO2) in the atmosphere, due to human
activities. Other less known claimed causes, are the interaction of
cosmic and solar radiation with the atmosphere or increase in solar
radiation.
[0006] Current State of the Technology
[0007] Current efforts to control the climate, especially to limit
the warming of the Earth's climate due to the release of the
greenhouse gasses into the atmosphere have been in these areas:
[0008] Method 1. Limiting the use of all energy
[0009] Method 2. Limiting the fuel consumption of all
hydrocarbon-fuel burning vehicles.
[0010] Method 3. Switching from the burning of fossil fuels to
other sources of energy: nuclear, wind, water, etc.
[0011] Method 4. Promoting the use of renewable sources of energy,
such as bio-fuels, (even though this does not appear to help since
the burning of bio-fuels also produces greenhouse gasses.)
[0012] Method 5. The pumping of excess greenhouse gasses into
underground storage
[0013] Method 6. Chemical binding, pulverizing and conversion of
greenhouse gasses into other compounds
[0014] The History
[0015] In the billions of years of Earth's history with passing
eons the climate has also changed. The main contributing factors to
warning or cooling of the Earth's climate have been the presence of
greenhouse gasses, the intensity of solar radiation, volcanic
activity, asteroid collisions and the extent of forests and other
CO2-binding vegetation.
[0016] Asteroid collisions have had generally a cooling effect on
the Earth's climate due to the release of large amount of particles
(particulates) into the higher levels of the atmosphere. There the
particles have prevented a significant amount of sunshine from
reaching the Earth's surface and it is suspected that they caused a
rapid cooling of the climate which could have contributed to mass
extinctions. Such rapid cooling of the climate due to the high
amount of dust in the higher layers of the atmosphere is sometimes
referred to as "nuclear winter" since it has been projected that a
nuclear war would also release a large amount of particulates and
cause rapid cooling of the Earth's atmosphere.
[0017] Volcanic activity has a dual effect on the climate. The
initial volcanic explosion ejects large amounts of particulates
(dust) into the atmosphere and thus has a cooling effect, as has
been observed after several large volcanic explosions. However
along with dust, volcanic explosions also release large amounts of
CO2, which has a warming effect. So the initial cooling effect of
the volcanic explosion is followed by the warning effect due to the
released CO2 into the atmosphere.
[0018] Amount of land vegetation, such as forests, has also a
significant effect upon the Earth's climate. It is suspected that
the drastic reduction of the population in Europe after the black
plague epidemic has resulted in a lower wood consumption and
reforestation of the European continent. This reforestation has
decreased the levels of CO2 in the atmosphere and could have
triggered the sudden cooling of the European continent in the
decades after the black plague.
[0019] In the early years of the third millennium the Earth's
climate is under influence from several factors which lead to the
rapid warming of the climate and to the melting of glaciers and
polar ice caps. To this drastic climate change contribute mainly:
massive fossil fuel burning and deforestation.
DESCRIPTION OF RELATED ART
[0020] Not applicable.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0021] This system of the control of the terrestrial climate and
for the protection of the terrestrial climate relies mainly on
civilian airlines burning preferably price-subsidized sun-shading
fuel in the high levels of the atmosphere in order to reduce the
intensity of the solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface. This
regulated burning of fuels having sun-shading, sun-reflecting
exhaust creates a controlled mini "nuclear winter", or mini
"ice-age" and cools the terrestrial climate to the desired level.
This invention has a quick and practically immediate effect upon
the Earth's climate and gives us more time to put into effect other
measures to control the production of anthropogenic gasses and to
reduce the CO2 levels in the atmosphere. In comparison to other
proposals, this invention can be put into effect within months and
show practically immediate result--with minimal cost. The
difference in cost between die burning of regular or sun-shading
fuels is minimal, and thus the main advantage of this method is
that it costs practically nothing. The minimal increase in costs to
the airline industry could be easily compensated with minor
subsidies. All the other known proposals for the control of the
terrestrial climate rely on massive subsidies which could bankrupt
many economies and lead to a recession. This invention gives us a
chance to save the terrestrial climate and give us time to develop
other sources of energy, such as fusion. In fact this invention is
the only viable alternative between sustained growth and
environmental control, or the melting of glaciers and polar ice
fields combined with a world recession and environmental
catastrophe. This invention touches upon the following areas of
science and research: meteorology, environmental sciences,
pollution control, chemistry, physics, biology, fuel composition,
crude oil refinement, air-traffic control, air-traffic routing.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0022] Not applicable
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0023] The Fundamentals of this Invention
[0024] The main idea behind this invention is the compulsory and
regulated use of such types of aircraft fuels whose emissions have
an increased ability to shade or reflect solar radiation and to
prevent a part of the solar radiation from reaching and warming of
the Earth's surface. Since by using sun-shading air-craft fuels
airlines would be solving the warning of the Earth's climate caused
not only by air-traffic but by all industries, such sun-shading
aircraft fuels should be price-subsidized. Apart from the use of
sun-shading aircraft fuels as an alternative this invention also
proposes direct dispersal of other non-fuel sun-shading compounds
in the high reaches of the atmosphere by high flying aircraft using
similar equipment as is being used by agricultural aircraft.
Regulatory organs would pay the full price of sun-shading
compounds, subsidy the cost of installation of spraying equipment
as well as the cost of all air-flights during which such aerial
dispersal takes place. This relatively costly dispersal of
sun-shading aerosols in the atmosphere should be taken only in the
extreme case. The preferable method is the use of sun-shading
fuels, which has only minimal costs.
[0025] All fossil fuel vehicles through their release of
anthropogenic gasses (such as CO2) into the atmosphere contribute
to the warning of the Earth's climate. High-flying jets eject into
the higher layers of the atmosphere not only CO2 but also other
pollutants and particulates. It has been observed that airplane
exhaust, due to its shading effect, somewhat lowers the intensity
of the solar radiation reaching the surface and counterbalances the
warming effects of the CO2 pollution and if properly used and
formulated could be a powerful tool against the warming of the
Earth's climate. So airplane traffic, instead of being a big
problem due to its production of CO2 and of other pollutants, could
become the solution to the warning of the Earth's climate.
[0026] The evidence for the sun-shading (cooling) effect of the
airplane exhaust is widely available in the literature. The most
obvious effects of the sun-shading power of the airplane exhaust
have been observed before, during and after sudden massive
grounding of airplanes due to labor stoppages, strikes or other
reasons. At those times it was possible to measure the difference
between the presence and absence of the sun-shading effect of the
airplane exhaust. This difference was obvious even with the usage
of normal non-shading airplane fuels and it can be expected that
this difference would be massive with the compulsory usage of such
hi-factor sun-shading airplane fuels. For example while the United
States government stopped the airplane traffic in die U.S. for
several days after the terrorist attack on the New York World Trade
Center, it was accompanied by a measurable increase in temperatures
and solar radiation in the continental United States, due to the
absence of die airplane exhaust in the upper levels of the
atmosphere. While even the use of normal airplane fuels has shown
itself to have drastic and powerful influence upon the temperatures
on tie Earth's surface, the effect of the regulated use of
sun-shading/sun-reflecting airplane fuels (having
sun-shading/sun-reflecting exhaust fumes) would be several times
higher.
[0027] While in most parts of the Earth there has been a
significant warming trend, the central areas of the United States
during the winter of 2006-2007 have observed a cooling trend. This
confirms and supports this invention, since the cooling trend in
the central areas of the United States, which is in direct contrast
to the rest of the planet was most likely caused by the presence of
high levels of airplane exhaust in the upper layers of the
atmosphere. The upper layers of the atmosphere above the central
areas of the United States have some of the largest concentrations
of airplane exhaust on Earth.
[0028] The recent trend in the formulation of airplane fuels has
been in the direction of clean burning fuels, while it is believed
that it would be the best for the environment. However the negative
effects of the pollutants and of CO2 in the airplane exhaust can be
more than offset by the positive sun-shading effects of properly
formulated airplane exhaust. This invention proposes the production
and planned use of sun-shading airplane fuels and the dispersal of
other sun-shading components in the upper layers of the atmosphere
by high-flying civilian and military aircraft.
[0029] The Practical Application
[0030] In praxis this method looks like this: Sun-shading
properties of all airplane fuels would be measured and all airplane
fuels would be classified upon their sun-shading effects, each
having its own sun-shading factor, in the same way as sun-shading
creams have today. An international inter-governmental agency would
regulate the use of various types of airplane fuels on various
routes. On routes with extremely high airplane traffic, such as the
central United States, the airplanes would use fuels with a low
sun-shading factor. On other routes, such as die coastal areas of
the United States, the oceans, and areas with low density of
air-traffic would be mandated the use of airplane fuels with a high
sun-shading factor. This kind of regulated and mandated use of
airplane fuels with high/medium/low sun-shading (or sun-reflecting)
factors would achieve within a few months (!) a significant
normalization of the Earth's climate, stop and even reverse the
warming of the terrestrial climate. One could even create a mini
"nuclear winter" or a mini ice-age.
[0031] Other Uses
[0032] Sun-shading aircraft fuels and aerial sprays could be also
used for the control of tropical storms, hurricanes typhoons,
cyclones and other weather catastrophes. By using sun-shading
aircraft fuels and dispersing sun-shading sprays in the areas of
and around tropical storms (or potential storms) as well as in the
areas of their path we could reduce their intensity and their
destructive force. Just a simple reduction of storm intensity would
drastically reduce storm-related damage and pay for all
expenses.
[0033] Classification of Sun-Shading/Sun-Reflecting Airplane
Fuels
[0034] There are many possible compositions of airplane fuels.
Airplane fuels vary in chemical composition and in the composition
and quality of the resulting exhaust. Apart from standard airplane
fuels with sun-shading properties, other airplane fuels could be
developed which contain other non-standard additives which increase
the sun-shading properties (factor) of the airplane fuel exhaust.
Should it be necessary, in addition to the use of sun-shading
airplane fuels, civilian and military aircraft could be mandated to
disperse directly other sun-shading/sun-reflecting compounds in the
upper reaches of the atmosphere.
[0035] Examples of Sun-Shading/Sun-Reflecting Airplane Fuels
[0036] Unlike the current trend which aims to reduce the
particulate emissions from the burning of hydrocarbon fuels by
using carbonate and other additives, airplane fuels with a high
sun-shading factor would be those which contain a high level of
particulate emissions, sulfur and similar
sun-reflecting/sun-shading components. Other non-standard additives
could be added to the airplane fuels to increase their sun-shading
(sun-dimming) properties even further. Attention has to be paid to
the inertness of the airplane exhaust upon the ozone layer. Fuels
and additives which have a destructive effect upon the ozone layer
should not be used.
[0037] Examples of Practical Use of this Invention
[0038] Example 1: All existing aircraft fuels, most importantly
turbine fuels, would be tested and classified according to their
abilities to shade/block solar radiation. An international
inter-governmental organization would regulate the use of different
types of aircraft fuels on different airline routes. Ideally, in
order to reduce the negative effects of this method upon tie
environment to the minimum, airplanes would have two types of
fuels: standard fuel for take-off and landing, and sun-shading fuel
for high-altitude flights.
[0039] Example 2: In areas of very high density of airplane
traffic, such as the central areas of the United States, aircraft
would use fuels with relatively low sun-shading factor. This would
prevent such unusually cold winters as was the winter of
2006-2007in that area.
[0040] Example 3: In coastal areas which have die influx of fresh
air from die oceans, on the oceans and in other areas with
relatively low density of airplane traffic, would be mandated the
use of aircraft fuels with a high sun-factor, i.e. with a high
ability to block/shade/reflect/reduce the intensity of the solar
radiation (solar energy) reaching the Earth's surface. This type of
regulated use of aircraft fuels or even atmospheric sprays with
low/medium/high ability to block /shade /reflect the solar
radiation could, in a relatively short time of several months,
accomplish the normalization of die terrestrial climates and stop
or even reverse the warming of the Earth.
[0041] Example 4: To make the use of sun-shading aircraft fuels and
sun-shading atmospheric sprays financially feasible for commercial
airlines, regulatory organs would determine the extent to which
such sun-shading aircraft fuels would be subsidized or to which
extent they would subsidize those flights which would not only use
sun-shading aircraft fuels but which would, in addition to that,
also spray-dust sun-shading atmospheric sprays. It is necessary
that such fuels and flights be subsidized since they would solve
not only the climatic problems caused by the air-transport industry
but by all industries.
[0042] Example 5: Sun-shading of the terrestrial surface could be
used also to dampen/weaken tropical storms (cyclones, hurricanes,
typhoons..) and other weather-related catastrophes. Tropical storms
gain their energy from sun and any, even moderate reduction of the
solar radiation (solar energy) in the area of the storm and in its
path through the use of high-factor sun-shading aircraft fuels and
atmospheric sprays could significantly dampen its strength.
[0043] Example 5: This method of control of the terrestrial climate
could be compared to a controlled and induced mini nuclear winter,
or a mini ice-age, i.e. the cooling effects caused by the release
of high amounts of sun-shading /sun-blocking/sun-reflecting
particulates into the higher layers of the atmosphere as could be
caused also by a nuclear war, collision of Earth with an asteroid
or a major volcanic eruption. Unlike a volcano, asteroid or a
nuclear war, the gradual and controlled release of particulates by
high-flying aircraft can be regulated and controlled. While
aircraft have to use one or another type of fuel, choosing fuels
which produce sun-shading/sun-reflecting exhaust does not cost
significantly more than using other aircraft fuels. Thus the most
revolutionary contribution of this invention, unlike other
proposals costing hundreds of billions of Euro/Dollars, is the low
cost of control of the terrestrial climate. This low-cost yet very
quick and effective method of control of the terrestrial warming
cannot be compared to other massively expensive methods which would
take decades to achieve any significant changes in the climate,
bankrupt economies and cause wide-spread recessions.
[0044] Industrial Use
[0045] This method of control of terrestrial climate and the
protection of the terrestrial climate from warming is applicable in
the entire world, in all countries of the world, on all airports,
for all airplanes for which exist or for which will be developed
sun-shading aircraft fuels. Contrary to other proposed methods of
the control of terrestrial climate, this method of regulation cf
the terrestrial climate supports all industrial development and
growth, and massively supports the air-transportation and airplane
manufacturing industries while solving one of the most acute
problems of our times. While most scientists suspect the increased
presence of the greenhouse gasses to be the main cause of the
warming of the Earth's atmosphere, there are also other, even
diametrically different opinions on this matter. This method works
independent of the real causes of the warming of the Earth's
climate. By reducing the damage caused by storms and other
weather-related catastrophes, it would be a significant benefit for
the insurance industry.
[0046] Possible Side-Effects
[0047] This invention proposes the use of sun-shading aircraft
fuels and sprays which would be burned, respectively sprayed, in
high levels of the atmosphere to reduce the amount of solar
radiation and heat reaching the Earth's surface. Since die burning
of aircraft fuels causes only a small fraction of all the CO2
release due to the burning of fossil fuels and air-pollution,
concerns that the usage of sun-shading aircraft fuels would
increase the pollution are not warranted. Compared to the huge
contribution to the control of die Earth's climate, the pollution
caused by sun-shading aircraft fuels and atmospheric sprays is
insignificant. Of course by the formulation of sun-shading aircraft
fuels we should only attempt to increase die content of inert
sun-shading components in the emissions while keeping any ozone
threatening pollutants to a minimum. Furthermore, in order to
reduce the negative effects of this method upon the environment to
the minimum, airplanes would have two types of fuels: standard fuel
for take-off and landing, and sun-shading fuel for high-altitude
flights.
* * * * *