U.S. patent application number 12/223621 was filed with the patent office on 2009-01-29 for bollard system and method of installation.
Invention is credited to John Edwin Crawford, Shengrui Lan, Chunlin Liu.
Application Number | 20090028638 12/223621 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 38345466 |
Filed Date | 2009-01-29 |
United States Patent
Application |
20090028638 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Crawford; John Edwin ; et
al. |
January 29, 2009 |
Bollard System and Method of Installation
Abstract
An anti-ram bollard assembly (1) and an installation of the same
to arrest impacts are provided. The bollard assembly includes a
base assembly (20), a bollard member (10) attached to the base
assembly and at least one reinforcement member (32) attached to the
base assembly. The base assembly may include an I-beam arrangement
to provide increased strength of the base assembly. Several bollard
assemblies may be connected to form a cohesive installation to
achieve a high impact rating. To this purpose, rebars (104) may be
provided to connect the base assemblies of adjacent bollard
assemblies. Further, the bollard member may be provided as a hollow
member and may be subsequently filled with a high-strength material
to prevent failure of the bollard member when it is being
struck.
Inventors: |
Crawford; John Edwin;
(Burbank, CA) ; Lan; Shengrui; (Singapore, SG)
; Liu; Chunlin; (Singapore, SG) |
Correspondence
Address: |
NIXON & VANDERHYE, PC
901 NORTH GLEBE ROAD, 11TH FLOOR
ARLINGTON
VA
22203
US
|
Family ID: |
38345466 |
Appl. No.: |
12/223621 |
Filed: |
February 5, 2007 |
PCT Filed: |
February 5, 2007 |
PCT NO: |
PCT/SG2007/000035 |
371 Date: |
August 19, 2008 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
60765725 |
Feb 7, 2006 |
|
|
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
404/6 ;
404/72 |
Current CPC
Class: |
E01F 13/12 20130101;
E01F 9/685 20160201 |
Class at
Publication: |
404/6 ;
404/72 |
International
Class: |
E01F 13/00 20060101
E01F013/00 |
Claims
1. A bollard assembly comprising: a base assembly having an I-beam
arrangement, the base assembly providing a base area; a bollard
member attached to the base assembly; and a first reinforcement
member attached to the base assembly and extending in a direction
substantially perpendicular to the bollard member to enlarge the
base area.
2. The bollard assembly of claim 1, wherein the I-beam arrangement
comprises: a top plate; a bottom plate; and an intermediate plate
supporting the top plate and the bottom plate, wherein the top
plate, the bottom plate and the intermediate plate are attached to
the bollard member.
3. The bollard assembly of claim 2, wherein the first reinforcement
member is attached to the bottom plate.
4. The bollard assembly of claim 3, wherein the intermediate plate
is perforated to receive a rebar there through.
5. The bollard assembly of claim 4, wherein the bollard assembly
further comprises a second reinforcement member attached to the top
plate and separate from the first reinforcement member.
6. The bollard assembly of claim 5, wherein a length of the
reinforcement member is greater than a length of the base
assembly.
7. The bollard assembly of claim 1, wherein the I-beam arrangement
comprises: a top plate; a bottom plate; and a plurality of
intermediate plates arranged at an angle with one another to
support the top plate and the bottom plate, wherein the top plate,
the bottom plate and the plurality of intermediate plates are
attached to the bollard member.
8. The bollard assembly of claim 7, wherein the plurality of
intermediate plates are perforated to receive a plurality of rebars
there through.
9. The bollard assembly of claim 8, further comprises a second
reinforcement member attached to the top plate and separate from
the first reinforcement member, wherein the first reinforcement
member is attached to the bottom plate.
10. The bollard assembly of claim 1, wherein the bollard assembly
comprises a steel material.
11. The bollard assembly of claim 1, wherein the bollard member is
to receive a fill material therein to increase a mass of the
bollard assembly.
12. The bollard assembly of claim 11, wherein the fill material is
concrete.
13. An installation comprising: a plurality of bollard assemblies
disposed at a predetermined distance from one another, each of the
plurality of bollard assemblies comprising: a base assembly having
an I-beam arrangement and providing a base area; a bollard member
attached to the base assembly; a first reinforcement member
attached to the base assembly to enlarge the base area; and a
plurality of rebars connecting the plurality of bollard
assemblies.
14. The installation of claim 13, wherein the first reinforcement
member includes a free end spaced apart from an adjacent one of the
plurality of bollard assemblies.
15. The installation of claim 14, wherein the I-beam arrangement
comprises: a top plate; a bottom plate; and an intermediate plate
supporting the top plate and the bottom plate, wherein the top
plate, the bottom plate and the intermediate plate are attached to
the bollard member.
16. The installation of claim 15, wherein the intermediate plate is
perforated to receive the plurality of rebars there through.
17. The installation of claim 15, wherein a first side of the base
assembly is to receive an impact and the first reinforcement member
is disposed on a second opposed side of the base assembly.
18. The installation of claim 15, wherein the base assembly, the
first reinforcement member, and the plurality of rebars are encased
in a bonding material.
19. The installation of claim 18, wherein the bonding material has
a thickness between about 2.5 cm to about 6.0 cm above the base
assembly.
20. The installation of claim 13, wherein a height of the base
assembly is between about 0.20 m to about 0.50 m.
21. The installation of claim 13, wherein the bollard member is to
receive a fill material to increase a mass of the bollard
assembly.
22. The installation of claim 21, wherein the fill material is
concrete.
23. The installation of claim 13, wherein the base assembly is
disposed within about 1.00 m below grade level.
24. The installation of claim 13, wherein the plurality of the
bollard members form part of a street furniture.
25. A method of installation, comprising: forming a trench;
arranging a plurality of bollard assemblies in the trench separated
from one another, a first reinforcement member of each of the
plurality of bollard assemblies having a free end spaced apart from
an adjacent one of the plurality of bollard assemblies; connecting
the plurality of bollard assemblies with a plurality of rebars; and
encasing a plurality of base assemblies of the plurality of bollard
assemblies and the plurality of rebars.
26. The method of claim 25, further comprising: providing a fill
material in a plurality of bollard members of the plurality of
bollard assemblies to increase a mass of the plurality of bollard
assemblies.
27. The method of claim 26, wherein the plurality of bollard
members form part of a street furniture.
28. The method of claim 25, wherein the trench has a height of
between about 0.20 m to about 1.00 m.
Description
FIELD OF INVENTION
[0001] The present invention relates to an anti-ram bollard
assembly and deployment of multiple bollard assemblies to arrest
vehicular attacks, and to prevent penetration of the vehicle.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] In recent years for security reasons, many prominent
establishments such as government buildings, embassies, convention
centres, public transportation hubs and other perceived terrorist
targets have been equipped with barrier systems to protect the
establishments from vehicle attacks. Especially if the vehicle is
heavyweight or moving at high speeds or carrying explosives, the
attack can cause extreme destruction.
[0003] Various barrier systems have since been employed with the
intention of protecting buildings and structures from attacks.
Metal or concrete barriers may be erected around a building to
obstruct vehicular penetration. In order to resist large impacts
from speeding heavy vehicles, the barriers have to be massive,
resulting in a less aesthetic system.
[0004] Barrier systems employing bollards may be more aesthetic.
However, due to their small form factor and weight, conventional
bollards are useful primarily as a barrier. In order to resist
large impacts, the conventional bollards usually require large and
deep bases, and deep excavations to anchor their bases. Because
utilities transmission such as electricity lines, water pipes and
communications lines are often buried underground, deep excavation
to install bollards is costly and time-consuming. In addition, deep
excavation causes disruption to utility services, inconvenience to
pedestrian traffic, and often results in a less aesthetic
landscape.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0005] Embodiments of the invention relate to an anti-ram bollard
assembly and a barrier installation comprising a plurality of
anti-ram bollard assemblies to prevent vehicles from penetrating
the barrier installation.
[0006] Embodiments of the invention are particularly advantageous
as the bollard assemblies may be installed in shallow trenches
without the need for deep excavations that may disrupt various
utility lines buried in the ground. The depth of such trenches may
be about 1.00 m or less. Yet, the impact rating (i.e. maximum
impact loading) of the bollard assemblies may be improved over
conventional bollards of similar form factors. This may be achieved
by various features as hereinafter described.
[0007] Each bollard assembly comprises a base assembly, a bollard
member attached to the base assembly and a reinforcement member
attached to the base assembly which extends generally in a
direction substantially perpendicular to the bollard member. The
bollard assemblies may be constructed in various ways, including
but not limited to the following. The base assembly may include an
I-beam arrangement to which a lower end of the bollard member may
be attached. The bollard member may be a hollow structure to
receive a fill material therein upon installation to increase a
mass of the bollard assembly. The reinforcement member may have a
length greater than the length of the base assembly. The bollard
assembly may be constructed and arranged to receive rebars to
connect adjacent bollard assemblies.
[0008] A plurality of bollard assemblies may be deployed to form a
cohesive installation. The plurality of bollard assemblies may be
arranged at a predetermined distance apart and connected by rebars
to provide an enlarged effective base area for stabilizing the
installation when an impact is received. If an impact is expected
from a particular direction striking a first side of the bollard
assembly, the reinforcement member of each bollard assembly may be
arranged along generally the same direction and extending from a
second opposed side of the bollard assembly. The reinforcement
member may include a free end spaced apart from other adjacent
bollard assemblies.
[0009] A combination of these and other features are designed to
increase the impact rating of a barrier installation without having
to significantly increase the dimensions of the bollard assemblies.
For example, the deployment of an I-beam arrangement is to enhance
the strength of the base assembly. The bollard member is to receive
a fill material which is designed to constrain movement of the
bollard member when it is struck, thereby minimizing shearing of
the bollard member.
[0010] Further, the reinforcement member attached to the base
assembly and rebars connecting various bollard assemblies are to
provide an effective impact load transfer. More specifically, when
one or more bollard assemblies in an installation is struck by a
vehicle, the impact force is transmitted from the bollard member
down to the base assembly and is dissipated through the
reinforcement members as well as the network of rebars connecting
adjacent bollard assemblies. The arrangement of the reinforcement
member on an opposite side of the bollard assembly in respect of an
incoming impact is to counter the impact force which tends to
topple the bollard member. The network of bollard assemblies
connected by rebars provide an enlarged effective base area so that
a movement in one bollard assembly may be constrained by the rigid
connection to adjacent bollard assemblies.
[0011] Other advantages will be apparent upon reading of the
following detailed description and review of the associated
drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0012] FIG. 1A is a perspective view of a bollard assembly
according to one embodiment of the invention.
[0013] FIG. 1B is another perspective view of a bollard assembly of
FIG. 1A.
[0014] FIG. 2A is a perspective view of the bollard assembly of
FIG. 1A with a top plate of a base assembly removed.
[0015] FIG. 2B is a perspective view of the bollard assembly of
FIG. 1B with a top plate of a base assembly removed.
[0016] FIG. 3 is a close-up view of a base assembly of FIG. 1B.
[0017] FIG. 4A is a perspective view of an installation comprising
several bollard assemblies.
[0018] FIG. 4B is a perspective view of the installation of FIG. 4A
having rebars.
[0019] FIG. 4C is a perspective view of the installation of FIG. 4B
with the ground site removed.
[0020] FIG. 4D is a perspective view of the installation of FIG. 4B
in a completed state.
[0021] FIG. 5A is a perspective view of a layout of rebars.
[0022] FIG. 5B is another perspective view of a layout of
rebars.
[0023] FIG. 6A is a perspective view of a perimeter barrier
installation provided with rebars.
[0024] FIG. 6B is a perspective view of the perimeter barrier
installation of FIG. 6A in a completed state.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0025] In the following description, numerous specific details are
set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of various
illustrative embodiments of the present invention. It will be
understood, however, to one skilled in the art, that embodiments of
the present invention may be practiced without some or all of these
specific details. In other instances, well known process operations
have not been described in detail in order not to unnecessarily
obscure pertinent aspects of embodiments being described. In the
drawings, like reference numerals refer to same or similar
functionalities or features throughout the several views.
[0026] Reference is made to FIGS. 1A and 1B which illustrate
perspective views of a bollard assembly 1 according to one
embodiment of the invention. The bollard assembly 1 comprises a
base assembly 20, a bollard member 10 projecting from the base
assembly 20 and at least one reinforcement member 30 attached to
the base assembly 20.
[0027] The base assembly 20 may comprise one or more I-beam (or
H-beam) cross-section arrangements, which in turn comprise a top
plate 22, a bottom plate 24 and at least one intermediate plate 26
interposed therebetween. The intermediate plate(s) 26 may be
fixedly attached to the top and bottom plates 22, 24 by welding to
support the top and the bottom plates 22, 24. In the embodiment of
FIGS. 1A and 1B, four intermediate plates 26 are provided in the
base assembly 20 and disposed substantially perpendicular to one
another. However, it should be appreciated that other number of
intermediate plates 26 may be provided and may be disposed at other
angles to one another. In the case where only two intermediate
plates 26 are provided, the two intermediate plates 26 may be
disposed at about 180 degrees with respect to each other. The
I-beam arrangement is to provide reinforcement to the base assembly
20. More particularly, the intermediate plate 26 supports the top
and the bottom plates 22, 24 to prevent deformation due to static
loading prior to impact loading.
[0028] A bollard member 10 may be received in the base assembly 20
and integrated with the I-beam arrangement. More specifically, a
lower end of the bollard member 10 may be arranged to be fixedly
attached, such as by welding, to the top plate 22, the bottom plate
24 as well as the intermediate plates 26. Such an arrangement is to
increase the strength and stability of the bollard assembly 1.
Exemplary arrangements of FIGS. 2A and 2B illustrate the bollard
assemblies of FIGS. 1A and 1B respectively with their top plates 22
removed. A lower end of the bollard member 10 is attached to a
bottom plate 24 and supported by four intermediate plates 26 at the
sides of the bollard member 10. It should be appreciated that other
arrangements allowing the bollard member 10 to be integrated with
the I-beam arrangement may be envisaged in other embodiments of the
invention.
[0029] The bollard member 10 may be hollow to receive a heavyweight
fill material which has high compressive strength, e.g., concrete,
upon installation of the bollard assembly 1. The fill material is
to add substantial mass to the bollard assembly 1 to reinforce the
bollard member 10. Without a fill material in a hollow bollard
member 10, the bollard member 10 is prone to deformation, bending
and even shearing when the bollard member 10 is struck by a large
impact. With the addition of a suitable fill material, the fill
material absorbs part of the impact and constrains deformation of
the bollard member 10 to prevent failure of the bollard member
10.
[0030] One or more reinforcement members 30 may be provided in the
base assembly 20 to increase stability of the bollard assembly 1.
When a vehicle strikes the bollard member 10, the impact force is
transferred to the base assembly 20 and to the reinforcement
members 30 to be dissipated to the surroundings, e.g. ground. A
large base assembly 20 is therefore more capable of stabilizing the
bollard assembly 1 when the bollard member 10 is struck by an
impact. The reinforcement members 30 are to enlarge a base area
provided by the base assembly 20 to increase stability of the
bollard assembly 1. One end of the reinforcement member 30 may be
attached to the base assembly 20 while a distant free end 32
extends away from the base assembly 20. In the embodiment of FIG.
3, six reinforcement members 30 are fixedly attached, such as by
welding, to the bottom plate 24 of the base assembly 20. While FIG.
3 illustrates the reinforcement members 30 as cylindrical rods, it
should be appreciated that the reinforcement members 30 may take
any other suitable forms. Although reinforcement members (first
reinforcement members) 30 are illustrated as being attached to a
bottom plate 24, additional reinforcement members (second
reinforcement members) may be attached to the top plate 22 of the
base assembly 20 but separate from the first reinforcement members
(not shown). The reinforcement members 30 may have a length which
is greater than a length of the base assembly 20, and a
cross-section diameter or dimension which is substantially smaller
than a height of the base assembly 20. These proportions are
advantageous in reducing material costs. Variations to the
reinforcement members 30 may be made depending on the impact rating
required of the bollard assembly 1. Generally, to achieve higher
impact rating, the number of reinforcement members 30, length of
reinforcement members 30, cross-section area of reinforcement
members 30, or a combination thereof may be increased.
[0031] The bollard assembly 1 according to embodiments of the
invention may be connected to other bollard assemblies 1 to provide
a cohesive installation which is capable of arresting large impact
forces. To this purpose, intermediate plates 26 of each base
assembly 20 may be perforated to receive rebars 104 there through
to connect adjacent bollard assemblies together. Interconnection of
several bollard assemblies 1 via the rebars 104 is described in
greater detail in later paragraphs.
[0032] As compared to a conventional bollard, a bollard assembly 1
according to embodiments of the invention is capable of providing a
same impact rating yet requiring a smaller form factor. An
exemplary bollard assembly 1 according to an embodiment may have
the following dimensions. The base assembly 20 may have a length
(L.sub.BA) of 0.50 m, a breadth (B.sub.BA) of 0.50 m and a height
(H.sub.BA) of 0.175 m. The bollard member 10 may have a height
(H.sub.BM) of 1.20 m projecting from the top plate 22 of the base
assembly 20, an outer diameter (D.sub.BM) of 0.194 m and an inner
diameter of 0.178 m. In an exemplary installation, several bollard
assemblies 1 may be spaced apart by between about 1.0 m to about
1.5 m. Accordingly, for this and other embodiments, the base
assembly 20 may be installed within about 1.00 m below grade
level.
[0033] Dimensions of various embodiments of a bollard assembly 1
are not limited to the above and may vary according to impact
rating requirements and site conditions. Generally, to increase the
impact rating of a bollard assembly 1, one of the following
parameters or a combination thereof may be increased: dimensions of
a base assembly 20 (including height, length and breadth),
thickness of the plates forming the base assembly 20, dimensions of
reinforcement members 30 (including length, diameter and
cross-section area), and number of reinforcement members 30.
[0034] In FIGS. 1A, 1B, 2A and 2B, the base assembly 20 is
illustrated as having a square cross-section and the bollard member
10 has a circular cross-section. It should be appreciated that the
base assembly 20 and the bollard member 10 may have cross-sections
of other shapes, including but not limited to, rectangle, square,
circle, oval, triangle, and any other geometrical and
non-geometrical shapes. Also, the bollard assembly 1 may be
prefabricated and or assembled at the installation site using a
high strength material including, but not limited to, steel.
Prefabrication of the bollard assembly 1 is advantageous in
providing reduced installation time and higher structure
strength.
[0035] FIG. 4A is a perspective view of a perimeter installation
comprising several bollard assemblies 1 of FIG. 1A. A shallow
trench 102 is provided in the ground in which several bollard
assemblies 1 may be arranged therein and spaced apart from one
another by a predetermined distance. In respect of the above
exemplary bollard assembly 1 with a base assembly 20 having a
height of about 0.20 m, the trench 102 required may have a height
of between about 0.20 m to about 1.00 m. The spacing of the bollard
assemblies 1 would depend on the impact rating required of the
installation.
[0036] The bollard assemblies 1 are arranged such that their
reinforcement members 30 are disposed generally along a path
expected of an impact but opposite the side of the bollard assembly
1 receiving the expected impact. For example, if an impact is
expected from a direction or path X towards a first side of a
bollard assembly 1, the reinforcement members 30 may be disposed
generally along direction or path X. The reinforcement members 30,
however, are disposed on a second side (opposed to the first side)
of the bollard assembly 1. When a vehicle traveling along direction
X strikes the bollard member 10, the bollard assembly 1 tends to
tilt in the direction of the impact. Without the reinforcement
members 30 to stabilize the bollard assembly 1, a sufficiently
large impact would topple the bollard member 10, dislodge the
bollard assembly 1 and eventually allowing the attacking vehicle to
penetrate. The reinforcement members 30, provided on a side of the
bollard assembly 1 opposite to the expected impact, are to resist
tensile and/or compression forces resulting from an impact, and
thereby minimizing tilting and preventing dislodgement of the
bollard assembly 1. The bollard assembly 1 may also be arranged
such that free ends 32 of the reinforcement members 30 are spaced
apart from adjacent bollard assemblies 1.
[0037] Impact rating of an installation of bollard assemblies may
be further enhanced by connecting several bollard assemblies to
provide a cohesive installation having an enlarged effective base
area which in turn increases stability. To this purpose, one or
more rebars 104 may be threaded through perforations 28 in the
intermediate plates 26 of the base assemblies of adjacent bollard
assemblies arranged at a predetermined distance from one another
(see FIG. 4B). The rebars 104 may be removably arranged through the
perforations 28, or may be fixedly attached, such as by welding to
the bollard assembly 1, at the installation site. As illustrated in
FIGS. 4B and 4C, a first plurality of rebars 104 are provided
through intermediate plates 26 of adjacent bollard assemblies. A
second plurality of rebars 104 may also be provided in a generally
perpendicular directing intersecting the first plurality of rebars
104. As shown in FIGS. 4B and 4C, the various rebars 104 intersect
the bollard assemblies to form a grid arrangement. The various
rebars 104 and reinforcement members 30 and at least portions of
the base assemblies 20 are encased in a bonding material, e.g.,
concrete to provide a reinforced foundation pad 106 for the
installation 100 (see FIG. 4D). When one or more bollard assemblies
in a completed installation 100 is struck by a vehicle, the
enlarged base area formed by a combination of the reinforcement
members 30 and rebars 104 interconnecting various bollard
assemblies provide a stable foundation to constrain movement of the
bollard assemblies 1.
[0038] FIGS. 5A and 5B are various perspective views of possible
layouts of rebars 104. As illustrated, certain rebars 104 may
intersect base assemblies of the bollard assemblies while other
rebars 104 may be spaced apart from the bollard assemblies.
[0039] A bonding material, e.g. concrete, may be provided in the
trench 102 to anchor the installation to the site and to provide a
reinforced concrete foundation pad 106. If it is desired to conceal
the base assembly 20, the base assembly 20 and reinforcement
members 30 may be encased in the bonding material. To this purpose,
a layer of the bonding material, between about 2.5 cm to about 6.0
cm, may be provided above the base assembly 20 to conceal it.
Alternatively, the bonding material may be suitably provided to
allow the top plate 22 of the base assembly 20 to be visible and
substantially flush with an adjoining surface, e.g. ground.
Optionally, various finishes, e.g., tiles or any other forms of
paver materials may be disposed around the bollard member 10. A
finished appearance of an installation comprising several bollard
assemblies is illustrated in FIG. 4 in which the base assembly 20
is concealed while several bollard member 10 project above a ground
site to arrest impacts. Upon installation of the bollard
assemblies, the bollard member 10 may be reinforced by filing with
a rigid material with high compressive strength, e.g. concrete.
FIG. 4D illustrates a completed installation 100 in which the top
plate 22 of the base assembly 20 is substantially flush with an
adjoining ground surface.
[0040] FIG. 6A is a perspective view of a perimeter barrier
installation provided with rebars 104 prior to encasing in
concrete. FIG. 6B is a perspective view of the perimeter barrier
installation 100 of FIG. 6A in a completed state in an exemplary
setting. Although FIG. 6 illustrates the installation as an array
of bollard members 10, various modifications may be made to the
installation. For example, the installation may be part of street
furniture, e.g. lighting posts, signage posts, bus shelters,
benches, planters and trash bins. This way, the installation may be
rendered more aesthetic.
[0041] A general method of installing a plurality of bollard
assemblies at a site is described as follows. The site is prepared
by excavating a shallow trench 102 for receiving the bollard
assemblies. Dimensions of the trench 102 would depend on a height
required of the bollards, spacing between adjacent bollard
assemblies as well as the dimensions of the base assembly 20 and
reinforcement members 30. According to embodiments of the
invention, a depth of the trench 102 may range between about 0.20 m
to about 1.00 m. Optionally, a leveling material, such as concrete,
may be provided in the trench 102 to form a level surface for easy
installation of the bollard assemblies 1. Subsequently, a plurality
of prefabricated bollard assemblies 1 may be arranged in the trench
102, separated by a predetermined distance and with free ends 32 of
their reinforcement members 30 spaced apart from adjacent bollard
assemblies 1. Optionally, a small amount of concrete may be
provided at this stage to set the bollard assemblies 1 in
position.
[0042] Rebars 104 may connect the plurality of bollard assemblies 1
by providing the rebars 104 through appropriate perforations 28 in
the intermediate plates 26 of the base assemblies 1. The number of
rebars 104 and their arrangement would depend on site conditions as
well as the desired impact rating required. A bonding material,
such as concrete, is then provided to fill the trench 102 as well
as to anchor the bollard assemblies to the site. If it is desired
to conceal the base assembly 20, a layer of the bonding material
may be provided above the top plate 22 of the base assembly 20.
This layer may range between 2.5 cm to about 6.0 cm but is not
limited as such. Otherwise, if it is desired to have the top plate
22 of the base assembly 20 flush with an adjoining surface, the
bonding material should accordingly be provided surrounding the top
plate 22. The bollard member 10 may be filled with a rigid material
of high strength, e.g. concrete. Optionally, paver materials may be
installed around the bollard members 10.
[0043] It is to be understood that other embodiments will be
apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the
specification and practice of the present invention. Furthermore,
certain terminology has been used for the purposes of descriptive
clarity, and not to limit the invention. The embodiments and
features described above should be considered exemplary, with the
invention being defined by the appended claims.
* * * * *