U.S. patent application number 12/153260 was filed with the patent office on 2009-01-01 for smoking articles and method for incorporating salts of lanthanide metals for reducing tpm cytotoxicity and targeted constituents in tobacco smoke.
This patent application is currently assigned to Philip Morris USA Inc.. Invention is credited to W. Geoffrey Chan, Lixin Xue.
Application Number | 20090000631 12/153260 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 40075608 |
Filed Date | 2009-01-01 |
United States Patent
Application |
20090000631 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Xue; Lixin ; et al. |
January 1, 2009 |
Smoking articles and method for incorporating salts of lanthanide
metals for reducing TPM cytotoxicity and targeted constituents in
tobacco smoke
Abstract
Provided is a smoking article and method for reducing TPM
cytotoxicity and targeted constituents in mainstream smoke. The
smoking article includes tobacco material including a salt of a
lanthanide metal. The method includes combining a salt of a
lanthanide metal, water, and optionally glycerin to produce a
solution that is applied to tobacco material. Preferably, the salt
is an acetate, a sulfate, or a gluconate.
Inventors: |
Xue; Lixin; (Midlothian,
VA) ; Chan; W. Geoffrey; (Chesterfield, VA) |
Correspondence
Address: |
BUCHANAN, INGERSOLL & ROONEY PC
POST OFFICE BOX 1404
ALEXANDRIA
VA
22313-1404
US
|
Assignee: |
Philip Morris USA Inc.
Richmond
VA
|
Family ID: |
40075608 |
Appl. No.: |
12/153260 |
Filed: |
May 15, 2008 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
60924796 |
May 31, 2007 |
|
|
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
131/280 ;
131/334; 131/360 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A24B 15/28 20130101;
A24B 15/287 20130101; A24B 15/42 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
131/280 ;
131/360; 131/334 |
International
Class: |
A24C 5/00 20060101
A24C005/00; A24B 1/00 20060101 A24B001/00; A24D 3/00 20060101
A24D003/00 |
Claims
1. A smoking article comprising: a portion of tobacco material
including a salt of a lanthanide metal wherein said salt is an
acetate, a sulfate, or a gluconate.
2. The smoking article of claim 1, wherein said portion of tobacco
material further includes glycerin.
3. The smoking article of claim 2, wherein glycerin is included in
said smoking article in an amount of about 2% to about 25%.
4. The smoking article of claim 2, wherein glycerin is included in
said smoking article in an amount of about 5% to about 15%.
5. The smoking article of claim 1, wherein said acetate salt of a
lanthanide is selected from the group consisting of
La(OAc).sub.3.xH.sub.2O, Ce(OAc).sub.3.H.sub.2O,
Eu(OAc).sub.3.H.sub.2O, Lu(OAc).sub.3.H.sub.2O, and combinations
thereof.
6. The smoking article of claim 1, wherein said smoking article
includes said salt of a lanthanide metal in an amount of about
0.25% to about 25% by weight of the salt of a lanthanide metal.
7. The smoking article of claim 1, further including (a)
humectants; (b) sweeteners; and/or (c) flavorants.
8. A method of treating tobacco smoke produced by the smoking
article of claim 1, wherein the salt of the lanthanide reduces
cytotoxicity of the tobacco smoke by about 1% to about 60%.
9. A method of treating tobacco smoke produced by the smoking
article of claim 2, wherein salt of the lanthanide and glycerin
reduces the cytotoxicity and mutagenicity of tobacco smoke produced
by said smoking article by about 20% to about 70%.
10. A method of treating tobacco smoke produced by the smoking
article of claim 1, wherein the salt of the lanthanide reduces the
mutagenicity of said mainstream smoke by about 1% to about 50%.
11. A method of treating tobacco smoke produced by the smoking
article of claim 1, wherein the salt of the lanthanide metal
reduces the presence of catechol, hydroquinone, resorcinol, and
naphthalene by about 1% to about 80%.
12. A method of making a smoking article for reducing TPM
cytotoxicity and mutagenicity in smoke comprising: contacting a
portion of tobacco material with a solution containing a salt of a
lanthanide metal to form a treated portion of tobacco material; and
incorporating said treated portion of tobacco material into a
smoking article, wherein said salt of a lanthanide metal is an
acetate, a sulfate, or a gluconate.
13. The method of claim 12, wherein said solution further includes
glycerin.
14. The method of claim 13, wherein said glycerin is included in
said solution in an amount of about 2% to about 25%.
15. The method of claim 13, wherein said glycerin is included in
said solution in an amount of about 5% to about 15%.
16. The method of claim 12, further including drying said treated
portion of tobacco material.
17. The method of claim 12, wherein said salt of a lanthanide metal
is sprayed onto said portion of tobacco material, added drop wise
to said portion of tobacco material, and/or said portion of tobacco
material is placed in a tumbling device prior to contacting said
portion of tobacco material with said solution.
18. The method of claim 12, wherein said treated portion of tobacco
material includes said salt of a lanthanide metal in an amount of
about 0.25% to about 25% by weight of said salt of a lanthanide
metal.
19. The method claim 13, wherein (i) when said portion of tobacco
material is treated with said solution containing glycerin and a
salt of a lanthanide metal, the cytotoxicity and mutagenicity is
reduced by about 20% to about 70%, (ii) said smoking article
produces a mainstream smoke having a cytotoxicity that is reduced
by about 1% to about 60% when said tobacco material is treated with
said solution including a salt of a lanthanide metal, (iii) the
mutagenicity of said mainstream smoke is reduced by about 1% to
about 50% when said tobacco material is treated with a salt of a
lanthanide metal, and/or (iv) said mainstream smoke has a reduced
presence of catechol, hydroquinone, resorcinol, and naphthalene by
about 1% to about 80%.
20. The method of claim 12, wherein said lanthanide metal is
selected from the group consisting of lanthanum, cerium,
praseodymium, neodymium, promethium, samarium, europium,
gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium,
ytterbium, lutetium, and combinations thereof.
Description
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. .sctn.
119(e) to U.S. provisional Application No. 60/924,796, filed May
31, 2007, the entire content of which is incorporated herein by
reference.
BACKGROUND
[0002] Smoking articles, such as cigarettes, produce both
mainstream smoke during a puff and side stream smoke during static
burning. Compounds, such as hydroquinone, resorcinol, naphthalene,
and catechol are found in the particulate phase of mainstream
smoke. Such tobacco smoke constituents have been targeted for
reduction.
SUMMARY
[0003] Provided is a smoking article including tobacco material
that is treated with a salt of lanthanide metal and optionally
glycerin and a method for reducing TPM cytotoxicity and targeted
constituents in tobacco smoke by treating tobacco material with the
salts of a lanthanide metal. Preferably, the salts are acetates,
sulfates, or gluconates.
[0004] Preferably, the method includes selecting a salt of a
lanthanide metal and dissolving the salt in water to form a
solution. In an embodiment, the tobacco material is weighed and
placed in a tumbling device. Preferably, the solution is added drop
wise to or sprayed onto the tobacco material, while the tobacco
material is tumbled so that the solution is applied throughout the
tobacco material.
[0005] In an embodiment, the solution is sprayed onto the tobacco
material while in the tumbling device.
[0006] In a preferred embodiment, the tobacco material is dried to
evaporate the water, and then incorporated into a smoking
article.
[0007] In a preferred embodiment, the solution also includes
glycerin. Preferably, the glycerin enhances the reductions in
cytotoxicity, mutagenicity and reduces the relative amount of
targeted constituents of mainstream smoke when compared to the use
of the salt of a lanthanide metal alone. While glycerin alone can
also reduce cytotoxicity and mutagenicity, the combination of
glycerin and the salt of the lanthanide metal is also enhanced when
compared to use of glycerin alone.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0008] FIG. 1 is an illustration of an embodiment of a smoking
article with reduced cytotoxicity and mutagenicity.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0009] As described herein and shown in FIG. 1, a smoking article
10 with reduced TPM toxicity and targeted constituents is
provided.
[0010] Preferably, the smoking article 10 contains tobacco material
12 contacted with a salt of a lanthanide metal 14 that aids in
reducing the content of compounds, such as hydroquinone,
resorcinol, naphthalene, and catechol, in the particulate phase of
mainstream smoke. Preferably, the cytotoxicity and mutagenicity is
also reduced by the inclusion of the salt of a lanthanide metal
14.
[0011] In a preferred embodiment, the salt 14 is an acetate, a
sulfate, or a gluconate. Most preferably, the salt 14 is an acetate
salt of a lanthanide metal.
[0012] The term "smoking article" includes cigarettes, pipes,
cigars, and cigarillos. Non-traditional cigarettes such as
cigarettes for electrical smoking systems are also included in the
definition of smoking articles or cigarettes generally.
[0013] Preferably, the smoking article 10 is a cigarette, which
contains tobacco material 12. In a preferred embodiment, the
cigarette includes a filter. In an embodiment, the cigarette may
also contain at least one sorbent.
[0014] A traditional cigarette typically contains two sections, a
tobacco-containing portion sometimes referred to as the tobacco or
cigarette rod, and a filter portion which may be referred to as a
filtration zone. Tipping paper typically surrounds the filter,
which forms the buccal end of the cigarette. The tipping paper
overlaps with the tobacco rod in order to hold the filter and
tobacco rod together. The tobacco rod, or tobacco containing
element of the cigarette includes the paper wrapper in which the
tobacco is wrapped and the adhesive holding the seams of the paper
wrapper together. The tobacco rod has a first end which is
integrally attached to the filter and a second end which is lit or
heated for smoking the tobacco. When the tobacco rod is lit or
heated for smoking, the smoke travels from the lit end downstream
to the filter end of the tobacco rod and further downstream through
the filter.
[0015] The "upstream" and "downstream" relative positions between
filter segments and other features are described in relation to the
direction of mainstream smoke as it is drawn from a tobacco rod and
though a multi-component filter during a puff.
[0016] In a preferred embodiment, the filter of the smoking article
includes a sorbent. A "sorbent" is a substance that can condense or
hold molecules of other substances on its surface, and/or can take
up other substances, i.e., through penetration of the other
substances into its inner structure, or into its pores.
Accordingly, the term "sorbent" as used herein refers to either an
adsorbent, an absorbent, or a substance that can function as both
an adsorbent and an absorbent. Preferred sorbents include various
forms of activated carbon, molecular sieves, such as zeolites, and
mixtures thereof.
[0017] Examples of suitable types of tobacco materials that may be
used include, but are not limited to, flue-cured tobacco, Burley
tobacco, Maryland tobacco, Oriental tobacco, rare tobacco,
specialty tobacco, blends thereof and the like. The tobacco
material may be provided in any suitable form, including, but not
limited to, tobacco lamina, processed tobacco materials, such as
volume expanded or puffed tobacco, processed tobacco stems, such as
cut-rolled or cut-puffed stems, reconstituted tobacco materials,
blends thereof, and the like. Tobacco substitutes may also be
used.
[0018] Humectants, flavorants, and sweeteners may also be blended
with the tobacco material.
[0019] Suitable humectants that can be used with the tobacco
material include, without limitation, glycerol, glycerin,
triethylene glycol and propylene glycol.
[0020] In a preferred embodiment, the tobacco material 12 is
treated with a solution including a salt of a lanthanide metal 14.
Preferably, the lanthanide metal is lanthanum, cerium,
praseodymium, neodymium, promethium, samarium, europium,
gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium,
ytterbium, or lutetium.
[0021] Also provided is a method for treating tobacco materials
with a solution including a salt of a lanthanide metal. The method
includes forming a solution of water and the salt of a lanthanide
metal. Water is used to dissolve the salt of a lanthanide metal,
and is therefore only needed in an amount suitable to dissolve the
salt.
[0022] The salt of the lanthanide metal is added to the tobacco
material in an amount of about from 0.25% to about 25% by weight of
the salt of a lanthanide metal. More preferably, the salt of a
lanthanide metal is added to the tobacco material in an amount of
about 0.1% to about 10% by weight of the lanthanide metal.
[0023] In an embodiment, glycerin 16 is added to the tobacco
material 12 in an amount of about 2% to about 25% by weight of the
tobacco. More preferably, glycerin 16 is added to the tobacco
material 12 in an amount of about 5% to about 15% by weight of the
tobacco material 12. This portion of glycerin 16 is in addition to
the use, if any, of glycerin 16 as a humectant.
[0024] If too much glycerin 16 is added, the wrapping paper 20 of
the smoking article 10 may become too moist.
[0025] Preferably, the glycerin 16 enhances the reduction of
cytotoxicity and mutagenicity when used in conjunction with the
salt of a lanthanide metal 14. As shown in Tables 1 and 2 below,
neither glycerin 16 nor the salt of the lanthanide metal 14 reduces
the cytotoxicity or mutagenicity as much as the combination of
glycerin 16 and the salt 14, though both glycerin 16 and the salt
14 can be independently effective in reducing cytotoxicity and
mutagenicity.
[0026] In an embodiment, after the solution is formed, the tobacco
material 12 is placed in a tumbling device and drops of the
solution are added through a nozzle as the tobacco tumbles so that
the solution is spread throughout the tobacco material. In another
embodiment, the solution is sprayed onto the tobacco material while
in the tumbling device.
[0027] The tobacco material is then dried to evaporate the water,
and processed for inclusion in a smoking article.
EXAMPLE 1
[0028] About 3.2 g of solid La(OAc).sub.3.xH.sub.2O is dissolved in
about 20 g of deionized water in a vial. About 40 g of tobacco
material is placed in a tumbling device. The solution is sprayed
through a nozzle onto the tobacco material as the tobacco material
is tumbled. The treated tobacco is dried to evaporate the water and
equilibrated in a conditioned room.
[0029] Table 1, below, shows the results of FTC tests of the
tobacco treated with acetate salts of a lanthanide metal
incorporated into a smoking article and smoked. Under FTC
conditions, the 3rd and 4th puffs of the mainstream TPM are
collected. The relative phenolic and PAH contents are obtained by
GC/MS methods. The TPM cytotoxicity data is obtained using the
Neutral Red Uptake, while mutagenicity data is obtained using Ames
assays.
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 8% La(OAc).sub.3.cndot.xH.sub.2O 7.4% 8%
8.2% Compounds (x .ltoreq. 2) Ce(OAc).sub.3.cndot.H.sub.2O
Eu(OAc).sub.3.cndot.H.sub.2O Lu(OAc).sub.3.cndot.H.sub.2O catechol
-41% -54% -48% -33% HQ -60% -23% -39% -49% resorcinol -56% -- -33%
-39% Naphthalene -51% -47% -54% -33% Cytotoxicity -25% -- -- --
Mutagenicity -46% -- -21% -- *-- No significant change (absolute
change <20%)
[0030] In all cases, the cytotoxicity is reduced. The mutagenicity
of the mainstream smoke is only reduced when the tobacco was
treated with 8% La(OAc).sub.3.xH.sub.2O, 8% Eu(OAc).sub.3.H.sub.2O,
or 8.2% Lu(OAc).sub.3.H.sub.2O.
EXAMPLE 2
[0031] About 4.0 g of glycerin is dissolved in about 20 g of
deionized water. About 3.2 g of solid La(OAc).sub.3.xH.sub.2O is
added to form a solution. About 40 g of tobacco material is placed
in a tumbling device. The solution is sprayed into the tumbling
device through a spraying nozzle as the tobacco material is
tumbled. The treated tobacco is dried and equilibrated in a
conditioned room.
[0032] Table 2 shows the results of an FTC test of the tobacco
material treated with glycerin and the salt of a lanthanide metal
is incorporated into a smoking article and smoked. Under FTC
conditions, the 3rd and 4th puffs of the mainstream TPM are
collected. The relative phenolic and PAH contents are obtained by
GC/MS methods. The TPM cytotoxicity and mutagenicity data are
obtained using Neutral Red Uptake and Ames assays,
respectively.
TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 8% 7.4% 7.7% 8.2%
La(OAc).sub.3.cndot.xH.sub.2O Ce(OAc).sub.3.cndot.H.sub.2O
Eu(OAc).sub.3.cndot.H.sub.2O Lu(OAc).sub.3.cndot.H.sub.2O 10%
Compounds 10% glycerin 10% glycerin 10% glycerin 10% glycerin
glycerin phenol -74% -65% -73% -74% -69% o-cresol -58% -53% -62%
-63% -66% m/p-cresol -66% -52% -61% -62% -63% catechol -45% -39%
-40% -37% -41% HQ -56% -48% -50% -62% -27% resorcinol -53% -80%
-71% -65% -- Naphthalene -61% -- -29% -51% -63% Fluorene -31% --
-21% -21% -41% Phenantrene -37% -- -- -- -26% Cytotoxicity -40%
-36% -47% -44% -22% Mutagenicity -40% -41% -56% -45% -- *--: No
significant change (absolute change <20%)
[0033] As seen in Table 2, the cytotoxicity and mutagenicity for
all samples treated with glycerin and a salt of a lanthanide metal
is greatly reduced compared to tobacco treated with glycerin
alone.
[0034] As compared to Table 1, the addition of glycerin to the
solution improves the smoke chemistry of the cigarettes, resulting
in enhanced reduction in TPM cytotoxicity and mutagenicity, as
compared to the cigarettes containing tobacco treated with only an
acetate salt of a lanthanide metal.
[0035] Test results indicate that the combination of glycerin and a
salt of a lanthanide metal is most effective for reducing
cytotoxicity and mutagenicity, whereas the salt or glycerin alone
shows only minor reductions.
[0036] While the foregoing has been described in detail with
reference to specific embodiments thereof, it will be apparent to
one skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may
be made, and equivalents thereof employed, without departing from
the scope of the claims.
* * * * *